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1626 




HISTORY 



OF 



PENOBSCOT CO Wi 



1 



MAINE, 



W I I H 



Illustrations and Biographical Sketches, 



CLEVELAND: 

WILLIAMS, CHASE r^ CO 



1882. 



I 



^ ■ 



ysi H 



i£> 



^^Uf i^ 



y 



PREFACE. 



It is hoped that this book is redeemed from the 
sweeping reproach of Walpole: "Read me anything but 
history, for history must be false;" or the scope of 
Napoleon's question; "What is history, but a fiction 
agreed upon?" It will need, however, the abounding 
charity of De Quincey's eloquent phrase: "Two strong 
angels stand by the side of history, * * as 
heraldic supporters — the angel of research on the left 
hand, that must read millions of dusty parchments and 
of pages blotted with lies ; the angel of meditation on 
the right hand, that must cleanse these lying records with 
fire, even as of old the draperies of asbestos were 
cleansed, and must quicken them into regenerated life. 
Willingly I acknowledge that no man will ever avoid in- 
numerable errors of detail; with so vast a compass of 
ground to traverse, this is impossible." That this book is 
superior, in the points of accuracy and fullness, to all 
others of its class, the compilers do not claim ; but it is 
hoped that in these particulars the History is equal to 
the best of them. It is recommended that every reader, 
before entering upon the perusal of its pages, use the 
table of -^rata, at the end of the work, in the careful 
correction of its pages with pen or pencil. Many errors 
of typography, and some of statement, will thus disap- 
pear. 

It will be observed, also, that important parts of the 
History supplement each other. Judge Godfrey, for ex- 
ample, has fortunately enlarged the scope of his Annals 
far beyond the limits of Bangor; and if the separate 
sketches of Brewer, Orrington, Hampden, and many 
other towns, seem insufficient, additional matter of 



abounding interest will be found in the Bangor division 
of the book. Further histories of Dexter, Bradley, 
Passadumkeag, etc., received late in the course of print- 
ing, are also comprised in the Appendix. 

It was inevitable, however, that parts of the book 
would scarcely prove equal to the expectation of some of 
its readers. An immense tract was to be traversed, in 
both time and geographical area ; a large General History 
was to be made up, in justice to the most important 
county of Eastern Maine. Separate sketches were to be 
made of the history of one city, fifty-five towns, and 
seven organized plantations — a number of these settled 
by civilization more than a century ago; and it soon be- 
came certain, in the preparation of this work, that, within 
the limits necessarily prescribed for it (large as it is, com- 
prising more than a million of words), it would be simply 
impossible to make the history of all localities equally 
full and satisfactory. It only remained for the compilers 
and their aids to do th': best that was practicable, with the 
materials at hand, and leave the generosity and good 
sense of their readers to accept the result as such. 

Acknowledgments to books and persons are so amply 
and frequently made in the course of the chapters that 
it is deemed unnecessary to repeat them here. The 
grateful thanks of the compilers are due to them, and to 
all others who may have contributed to the literary as 
well as pecuniary success of this important venture. 

For the biographical feature of this book the compilers 
have, with few exceptions, no responsibility. 

January 3, 1882. 



W 



I 



4 



CONTENTS 



HISTORICAL. 



GENERAL HISTORY, 

CHAPTER. 

I. —Description of the county . 
II. —The Penobscot Indians 
HI.— The Discoverers 
IV. — Geographical Designations 
V. — Colonization and Settlement 
VI. — The Mission.iries 
VII.— County Organization— Civil List 
VIII.— Land Titles— Growth 
IX. — Military Kecoid of Penobscot County 
X.— Agricultural and other Societies 
XL— The Maine State College 
XII.— Ecclesiastical History 
XIIL— The Bangor Theological Seminary 
XIV. — The Press in Penobscot County 
XV.— Roads, Railroads and Telegraphs 
XVI.— The Bench and Bar uf Penobscot 
XVII. — Bibliography of Penobscot County 



TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. 



Alton 

Argyle . 

Bradford 

Bradley 

Brewer 

Burlington 

Carmel 

Carroll 

Charleston 

Chester 

Clifton 

Corinna 

Corinth 

Dexter 

Dixmont 

Eddington 

Edinburg 

Enfield 

Etna 

Exeter . 

Garland 

Glenburn 

Greenbush 

Greenfield 

Hampden 

Hermon 

H olden 

Howland 

Hudson 

Kenduskeag 

Kingman 

Lagrange 

Levant 

Lee 

Lincoln 

Lowell . 

Mattawamkeag 

Mattamiscontis 

Maxfield 



9 
29 
46 
S' 
65 
70 
73 
77 
86 
164 
170 
176 
177 
185 
191 

19s 
228 



. 247 
249 

• 25' 
255-855 

. 258 
269 
272 
276 

. 279 
283 
290 

293 
306 
18-861 
323 
333 
339 
340 

343 
869 
352 
359 
362 
366 
368 

379 
382 
387 

390 
391 
396 
398 
403 
884 
408 

415 
894 
419 
420 



CHAPTKR. 

Med way 

Milford 

Mount Chase . 

Newburg 

Newport 

Orono 

Oldtown 

Orrington 

Passadumkcag 

Patten 

Plymouth 

Plantations 

Prentiss 

Springfield 

Stetson 

Veazie 

Winn 

THE ANNALS OF BANGOR-l76<l-l882. 
CHAPTER. 

1.-1769 to 1776 . 
U. — 1770 to 17B0 

111.-1780101785 . 

IV.— 1785 to 1800 
v. — 1800 to 1805 . 
VI. — 1805 to 1811 
,VII. — 1811-1812-1813 
VIII. — 1814 

IX.— 1815 to 1816 . 
X— 1817 
XI. — 1818 . 
XU. — 1819 
XllI— 1820 . 
XIV. — 1821 
XV.— 1822 . 
XVI. — 1823 
XVll. — 1824 . 
XVIII.— 1825 
XIX.— 1826 . 
XX. — 1827 
XXI.— 1828 . 
XXII. — 1829 
XXIII— 1830 . 
XXIV. — 183: 

XXV.— 1832 . 
XXVI. — 1833 
XXVII. -1834 . 
XXVIU.- 1835 
XXIX. — 1836 . 

XXX.-I837 

XXXI.— Subsequent History of Bangor, 1838-188 

XXXII.— The Churches of Bangor 

XXXIIl.— The Public Charities of Bangor 

XXXIV.— Associations and Clubs . 

XXXV.— The Water Works 

XXXVl.— Civil List of Bangor 
XXXVl I. -Bangor Biographies . 
XXXVIII— Settlement Notes 

XXXIX.— Township Biographies 



PAGE. 
422 
901 
424 
436 
43S 

■ 443 
454 

■ 467 
475-9" 

• 478 

482 

506-513 

485 

. 48B 

490 

• 495 

497 



5'7 

522 

52B 

535 

54' 

547 

553 

557 

570 •. 

577 

579 

586 

59° 
S9S 
601 
606 
610 
6ts 
623 
632 
641 
646 
650 

653 
650 
662 
667 
672 
684 

697 
711 
718 

733 
738 

750 
753 
760 

787 
820 



CONTENTS. 



APPENDIX. 



Appendix to Cleneral History 
Appendix to Br.idley. 
Ucxtcr. . 
Exeler 



847 

855 
861 
809 



Lee 

Mattawainkeag 
Milford . 
I^.issadunikeag 
Addenda 



§^ 



8S4 
894 
901 
911 
914 



BIOGRAPHICAL, 



Appleton, Hon. John. I.L. D 

Allen, Hon. Frederick H. 

Allen, Hon. Elisha H. 

Abbot, Hon William 

Appleton, Frederick H. 

Appleton, Moses L. 

Appleton, General John F. 

Ayer. Horatio S. 

Brown, Hon. Enoch 

Barker, Hon. Lewis 

Barker, Lewis A. 

Fiarker, David 

Bartlett, Ichabod D. 

Bailey, Charles .\. 

Blanchard, John .\. 

Blake, William A. 

Bond, Francis Eugene 

Burgess, James H. 

Brastow, Captain Billint;^ 

Barker, Hon. Lewis, 

Boutelle, Captain Charles A 

Brown, William H., KL D. 

Beal, Flavius O. 

Bryant, Charles D. 

Bragg, Warren A. 

Butman, Samuel 

Chesley, Samuel 

Cutting, Jonas, LL. U. 

Chandler, Peleg 

Crosby, Hon. Josiah 

Chandler, Theophilus P. 

Copeland, ThoniasJ. 

Crosby, William C. 

Chamberlain, Jlorace B. 

Chamberlain, Lieutenant Colonel 1 humas U 

Chamberlain, Joshua L. 

Comins, Lieutenant L. \L 

Case, Captain Isaac Winslow 

Carleton, Brigadier General James H 

Chapman, AdolphusJ. 

Crosby, Captain Henry 

Dutton, Hon. Samuel E 

Donigan, James \. 

Davis, Governor D. F. 

Emery, Marcel lus 

Eddy, Colonel Jonathan 

Ellis, Captain Osco .A. 

Egery, Hon. Thomas N 

Eddy, Jonathan 

Fuller, Lieutenant Colonel Geoti^e 

Foster, Major Benjamin B. 

Flanders, Reuben 

Folsom, Dr. A. 1'. 

Folsoiii, Major M. M. 

Fcrnald, M. C. 

Fuller, Henry 1). 

Godfrey, Hon. John 

Godfrey, James 

Goodenow, Hon. Henry C. 

Gilman, Hon. Allen 

Oilman, Charles 

Garnsey. Samuel 

Greenwood, Charles 

Gardnur, Hon. John 

Halhawny, Hon. Joshua W 

Hill, Hon. Thomas .\. 

Humphrey, Hon. Samuel F. 



r.\GK. 

201 and 763 
205 
211 
213 
222 
222 
225 
830 
207 
217 
217 
224 
224 
225 
225 
226 
226 
227 
261 
764 

766 and 915 
767 

783 
786 

813 
918 
287 
202 
212 
216 and 825 
220 
223 
223 
227 
261 
262 
335 
393 
449 
-82 

372 
205 
227 
823 
224 

334 
410 

779 
842 

314 
450 
828 

833 
834 

83.S 
314 
208 
208 
210 
212 
219 
219 
30s 

837 
203 
2og 
210 



Hamlin, Hon. Hannibal 

Hamlin, Hon. Hannibal 

Hamlin, Hon. Elijah L. 

Hamlin, General Charles 

Hilliard, William T. . 

Hobbs, P>ederick . 

Hill, Joshua 

Hill, Colonel Francis 

Hodsdon, Sergeant Israel 

Hutchings, Colonel Jasper 

Hill, Brevet Brigadier General J 

Hill, Captain Henry V. 

Hersey, General S. F. 

Hunt, Abel 

Haines, Dr. George A. 

Hill, Hon. Francis W. 

H.inimond. John R. 

Huston, Nicholas R. 

Haynes, George H. 

Hodsdon, General Isaac 

Ingersoll, George W. . 

Jewett, Hon. Albert G. 

Jordon. Edward 

Kent, Hon. Edward, L. L. D. 

Kent, Hon. Edwaid, L. L. D. 

Leonard, Oliver 

Ladd, Hon. George W. 

Lord. Henry 

Laugluon, Dr. Sumner 

Laughton, Hon. Frederick M. 

McGaw, Hon, Thornton 

McGaw, Jacob 

Moody, George B. 

McCrilhs, David 

McCrillis, William H. 

Mitchell, Henry L. 

McFadden, T. F. 

Mayo, Captain Ezekiel R 

Mudge Enoch R. 

Morison, Hon. John 

Nichols, Lemuel 

Oakman, Major Ora 

Oakes, Captain Samuel J. 

Plaisted, Hon. Harris M. 

Peters, Hon. John A. 

Perham, Hon. David 

Plaisted, Hon. Harris M. 

Prentiss, Hon. Henry E. 

Paine. Albert W. 

Palmer, Surgeon Alden D. 

Pullen, Colonel Frank D. 

Plaisted, Hon. William 

Rowe, James S. 

Rogers, Jonathan P. 

Rogers, Lieutenant Edwin 

Ruggles, Major Huani 

Ruggles, Lieutenant G. H. 

Sanborn, Hon. Daniel 

Stetson, Hon, Charles 

Stetson, Charles P. 

Sewall, George P. 

Starretl, George 

Sanborn, Abraharn 

Stearns, Lewis C. . 

Sanger, Dr. E. F. 

Seavy, Dr. Calvin 

Sargent, Deacon Daniel 



than A 



bet 



HAGE. 
213 
760 
214 
214 
221 
223 
226 
917 

3"4 
227 
492 
. 492 
777 
786 
828 
829 

837 
838 

839 
840 
220 
211 
838 
203 
761 
218 

763 
766 
770 
771 
209 
218 

220 
222 
222 
225 
225 

• 371 
472 
824 

784 

• 311 
476 

ecu 64-65 
204 
204 
211 

216 

222 

■ 449 

781 
829 
219 
219 

479 
821 
82a 
307 
aio 
aio 
215 
219 

323 
338 
768 

• 77t 

820 



CONTEN'IS. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 



Sprague, V'olney A. 

Shaw, Hon. Charles . 

Smith, Hon. Asa . 

Shaw, E. W. . 

Smith, Hon. Joseph I,. 

Thissell, Hon. John 

Vose, Hon. Thomas W. . 

Veazie, General Samuel 

Veazie, Jones P. 

Williamson, Hon. Wilham U. 

Washburn, Hon. Isniel 

Wakefield, Hon. Albert G. 

Wilson, Nathaniel 



Map of Penobscot County . 
Portrait of General Samuel Veazie 
Portrait of Governor H. M. Plnisted 
Portrait of D. F. Davis 
County Buildings 
Portr.iit of Lewis A. Barker 
Residence of .\. F. Bradbury 
Portrait of General Isaac Hodsdon 
Portrait of Dr. E. F. Sanger 
Portrait of Major M. M. Folsom 
Portrait ol Lieutenant G. H. Ruggle-^ 
Maine State Agricultural College 
Portrait of M. C. Fernald . 
Portrait of C. A. Boutelle 
Portrait of Noah Woods 
Portrait of Hon. John Appleton 
Portrait of Hon. John E. Godfrey 
Portrait of Hon. Josiah Crosby 
Residence of Greenville J. Shaw 
Portrait of Charles P. Church 
Portrait of Cyrus P. Church 
Portrait of Thomas R. Kingsbury 
Purir.iit of D. S. Humphrey 
Portrait of Deacon Daniel Sargent 
ResidenceofJ.B. Benjamin 
Portrait of Major Hiram Ruggles 
Potiraitof Thomas J. Peaks 
\iew ol Eureka Mills 
Portrait of Hon. John Thissell 
Portrait of Reuben Flanders . 
View ol Amos Abbott & Co's Mills 
Portrait of Colonel Jonathan Eddy 
I'ortrait of T. P. Bachelder 
Portrait of Hon. William Plaistid 
Portrait of William R. .•\yer 
Portrait of E. W. Shaw 
Portrait of Dr. John Benson 
Residence of B. P. Gilman 
Portrait of Jesse R. W,adleigh 
Residence of Eben Webster 
Portrait of J. L. Smith 
Portrait of Dr. A. P. Folsom . 
Residence of Dr. A. I'. Folsom 
Residence of M. M. Folsom 



PAGE. 

. 827 
827 

. 830 
831 

• 832 
825 

217 
774 
• 787 
206 
211 
215 
221 



Weston, Nathan Jr. 
Weeks, Matthias . 
Whitney, George W. . 
Wilson, Franklin A. 
Wilson. Joseph C. 
W.ishbum, Lieutenant Israel H. 
Woods, Hon. Noah 
Webber, John I^rescott 
Wadleigh, Jesse R. 
Wadleigh, Moses P. 
Webster, Eben 
Wilson, Surgeon ). B. 



ILLUSTRATIONS, 



P.^GE. 


Frontispiece 


between 32 


- 33 


facing 


65 


facing 


73 


facing 


75 


between 82 


- 83 


facing 


89 


facing 


95 


between 112-113 | 


facing 


117 


between 15 


2-153 


facing 


170 


facing 


172 


between 186-1 87 


facing 


•93 


facing 


201 


facing 


208 


facing 


216 


facing 


244 


facing 


251 


facing 


252 


f.icing 


253 


facing 


254 


between 2 


58-259 


facing 


273 


between 274-275 


facing 


282 


facing 


305 


between 3 


i2-3'3 


facing 


3-8 


facing 


320 


facing 


334 


between 394-395 


facing 


409 


facing 


414 


facing 


437 


facing 


442 


between 


144-445 


facing 


448 


facing 


449 


between 454-4=;5 


between 458-459 


between 


458-459 


facing 


466 



Portrait of John Gardner 

Residence of John Gardner 

Portrait of John R. Hammond 

Rcsidenceof John R. Hammond 

Cream Brook Farm . 

Residence of Samuel E. Stetson. 

Residence of Edward and John JorJ.jn 

Residence of Porter G. Wiggin . 

Portrait of Alvin Haynes 

Portrait of Charles A. H.iynes . 

Portrait of George H. Haynes 

Portrait of N. R. Huston 

Residence of N. R. Huston 

Map of Bangor in 1798 . 

Portrait of Hon. Lewis Barker - 

Portrait of Thomas N. Egery . 

Portrait of G. W. Ladd 

Map of Bangor in 1820 . 

Map of Bangor in 1820 

Portrait of Lemuel Nichols 

Portraitof J. E. Chapman . 

Bangor Planing Mill 

Portrait of Hon. Henry Lord 

Poillait of F. O. Beal 

View of Bangor House 

Portrait of Jones P. Veazie 

Portr.iit of .Abel Hunt 

Portrait of F. V. Pullen . 

I'orlrail of F. M. Laughton 

St. Xavier's Convent 

Portrait of Dr. Sumner t^ughlon 

Portrait of J, P. Webber 

Store of Thurston, Biagg & Co. 

Residence of Hon. John Morison 

Portr.ait of Volney A. Sprague 

Portr.iit of Thomas M. Plaisted 

Portrait of George A. Haines 

Dexter Woolen Mills 

Residence of Hon. Josiah Crosby 

Portraitof F. W. Hill . 

Residence and portrait of Asa Smith 

Portrait of Colonel Francis Hill 

Portrait of Mrs. Elizabeth Hill 



223 
224 
227 
228 
228 
449 
773 
780 

831 
832 

83s 
883 



PAGE. 

between 478-479 
between 478-479 
between 480-481 
between 480-481 
between 490-491 
facing 492 

facing 493 
facing 494 
between 838-839 
between 838-839 
between 838-839 
between 500-501 
between 500-501 
facing 515 

between 524-525 
between 544-545 
between 570-571 
between 590-591 
between 590-591 
facing 592 

facing 600 

facing 608 

between 624-625 
between 644-645 
between 644-64S 
facing 652 

lacing 656 

between 702-703 
helwcen 712-713 
facing 731 

between 734-735 



facing 


741 


f.icing 


8'3 


facing 


824 


facing 


827 


facing 


829 


facing 


8bi 


facing 


865 


facing 


863 


facing 


879 


facing 


897 


between 


916-915 


between 


916-917 



HISTORY 

OF 

Penobscot County, Maine, 



CHAPTER I. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY. 

Geographical— Its Silunliun, Size, Boundaries, Subdivisions, and 
I'opulalion— The l'enol>scot Uiver— Seenery of the Hay— Tlie Ac- 
counts of Kozier. Dr. Kohl, Wells, and Williamson— Lumbering on 
the Kiver— The Soil of I'enobscot— Arable and Waste Lands— 
Agricullur.tl .\daptation of Wild Lands— Geology of the County — 
Bangor and \'icinity— l-'rom Holden to Charleston— Argillo-niica 
Schist— Mica Schist in Carroll— About Lakeville Plantation— The 
East Branch of the Penobscot- Working the Slate— History of the 
Hrounville (juarries—" Horsebacks "-Marble and Limestones— 
The Manufacture of Lime— Trap Rock— Granite in Northern Maine 
—Sundry Geological Notes — Travelers' Descriptions — Steele— 
Thorneau — Audubon. 

geo(;r.\phic.\l. 

The county ol Penobscot, in the State of Maine, is 
altogciher an inland subdivision, no part of its territory 
abutting upon the seacoast. It occui)ies, however, 
aUnost the whole of the valley of the Penobscot, n.arly 
the whole of the main stream of that river, the entire 
East branch, except its furthest headwateis, and many 
miles of the West branch, lying within the borders of 
this county. The lower part of the county is nearly in 
the middle of the State, on an east and west line from 
Passamaquoddy Bay. On a north and south line, how- 
ever, its boundaries arc much nearer to the sea than to 
the river St. John, the notlherii linnt o{ the State, and 
the entire northern half of the county apiwaches within 
thirty to fifty miles of the State line on the east, while it 
is at all points more than twice as far from the western 
boundaries of the State. It is the principal county of 
Eastern Maine, and one of the largest and most import- 
ant in the Commonwealth. It has a total area of two 
thousand seven hundred and si-xty square miles, or one 
million seven hundred and sixtysi.x thousand four hun- 
dred acres. Its extreme length, from the northernmost 
boundary, the north^line of section eight, of the eighth 
range, to the southernmost point, the projection of Or- 
rington town into Hancock county, is one hundred and 
seventeen and one-half miles. Its breadth varies from a 
little more than eighteen miles, down the county from 
the north line for about forty-five miles, to fifty and one- 
half miles in extreme width, on a belt of eight miles' 
width from Uexter and the north part of Corinna east- 
ward. The breadth from Carroll, Prentiss, and Urew 
Plantation westward, is the same as that of the lower 
part of the county, say the latitude of Bangor— forty 



miles; which is shortened in the southernmost portion, 
from Dixmont eastward, by about three miles. 

The boundaries of the county, although quite irregu- 
lar, are almost wholly in right lines. It has no "natural 
boundaries," except at the southwest part of Orrington, 
where the Penobscot separates its teriitory from the 
northeast corner of Waldo county. Its entire periphery 
or boundary has a length, very nearly, of three hundred 
and fifty-three miles. It is bounded on the north by 
Aroostook and Piscataquis counties; on the east by 
Aroostook, Washington, and Hancock ; on the south — 
that part of the county east of the Penobscot by Han- 
cock county, that west of the river by Waldo county, on 
the west (Dixmont) by Waldo, (Plymouth to Dexter), 
Somerset, and (the rest of the county) Piscataquis coun- 
ties. The farnous eminence of the wilderness, Mount 
Katahdin, is just outside the western boundary, on the lat- 
itude of Stacyville town; also Lake Seboeis, to the west- 
ward of Woodville and Chester. Between these towns and 
the lake is the Mattamiscontis mountain, a height of 
respectable altitude, about six miles from the west line of 
the county. 

The organized towns of Penobscot county are Alton, 
Argyle, Bangor, Ikadford, Bradley, Brewer, ISurlington, 
Carmcl, Carroll, Charleston, Chester, Clifton, Corinna, 
Corinth, Dexter, Dixmont, Eddington, Edinburg, En- 
field, Etna, E.xeter, Garland, (;ienburn, Greenbush, 
Greenfield, Hampden, Hermon, Hoklen, Howland, 
Hudson, Kenduskeag, Kingman, Lagrange, Lee, Levant, 
Lincoln, Lowell, Mattamiscontis, Mattawamkeag, Max- 
field, Medway, Milford, Mount Chase, Newport, New- 
burgh, Oldtown, Orono, Orrington, Passadumkeag, Pat- 
ten, Plymouth, Prentiss, Springfield, Stetson, Veazie, and 
Winn— fifty-six in all. The organized plantations are 
Drew, Lakeville, Stacyville, Webster, Woodville, No. i 
(North Bingham, Penobscot Purchase), and No. 2, 
Grand Falls Plantation-eight in number. Unorganized 
plantations are Pattagumpus, \\'hitney Ridge, West In- 
dian, township A, range 7; No. 3; Nos. 2 and 3, range 
3; No. 2, range 4; No. 2, range 6; No. 2, range 9 ; No. 
3, range i — eleven. 
I The population of the county, according to the census 
of 1880, was seventy thousand four hundred and seventy- 
eight. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The great physical feature of tlie county is, of course, 
the 

l'K\()l;SCt)T RIVER. 

The Iniliaii name of this renowned stream, which has 
been taken also by an ancient tcjwn ni H.mcock county, 
and by the gruat c:ounty which nearly lills its valley, is 
I'enobskeag or I'enobscook — the former having the 
well-known termination kcag, fountl in man)' appellatives 
in this State, and meaning pku e the wlujjc word signi- 
fying "the place of rocks." The French, in their efforts 
to represent the Indian sounds by their alphabet, called 
the river Pentacpievett, which became shortened into 
Pentagoet — a designation by which the remains of the 
old fort on the margin of the water at Castine are still 
known. But the men of Plymouth, who established their 
trading-post at or near the same spot in 1S26, are be- 
lieved to have been the first to name the river as Penob- 
scot. It received other titles in the course of civilized 
exploration on these shores—as the river of Norumbega, 
the Rio de ( lome/, and others which will appear hereafter. 
The scenery of the bay and river of Penobscot is widely 
celebrated for its picturesque cheuacter and beauty. The 
lines of Whittier, in his musical verse embodying the 
legend of the I'arratine sachem, Mogg Mcgone, furnish 
a fitting introduction to the scene: 

Beneath the uesiw.ird-turning eye 
A Ihous.iiid wooded isl.mds lie.— 
'1 lieir thoub.md tmts of beauty glow 
Down ill the restless naves below. 

There sleeps ri.icellli.i's yrolliJ. — 
There, gloomily .ig.imst the sky 
The Dark Isles rear their siimniits hiyii; 
.\nd Desert Rock, abruin .ind bare. 
Lifts its gray turrets 111 tlie air,— 
Seen from afar, like some stronghold 
Built by the oeean-kings of old ; 
.And. faint as smoke-wreath, white and thin, 
Swells in tlie ii,,iih x.ist K.italiJii, . 
.\ih1, w.iiiariii,;; |,,„„ 1,^ m.ubliy feel. 
The bi.i.ul l'cii,,l,Mol luiiies to men 
.And ninigle wilh its own bnglit l,,,y 

The historian of Weymouth's voyage, M. Ro/ier, eulo- 
gizes the stre.tm up win, h the explorer pushed, whatever 
It may have been (piuh.ihly ihc Penobscot), in the warm- 
est terms. His praises are well worthy the Penobscot 
waters: 

As we passed with a gentle wind up w,th our .hip in this river any „, in 
may coneeive with wh.u admir.ttion we all eonseiited in joy ' M „v ' f 
our eompany, who had been travellers ,n sundry eouniries and'in .lu ' 
most fanu^ts rivers, yet affirmed them no. eomparable to this they no v ' 
beheld. Some that were w.th Sir Walter Raleigh in his voyage to 

■e West indies, ealled Rio Crande, some before the river of I o r 

The first chapter „f (,,,.<, Kohl's "History of the 
n.^overy of tlie East (•,,:.st,,fN,,,U,A,nc,ua.'' pruned 
•n the hrst volume of the se,:ond series of ,he .Maine 
Historical Collections, contains the following interestil., 
remarks upon this great inland water, which Dr. Kohl 



rightly designates as by far the most important river of 
the State. He says further: 

It drains the entire central part of .Maine. .Ml its heads and tribu- 
taries are included in the territory of the St.ite, and this teriitory mav 
be considered as having attached ilself from ,UI sides to this river sys- 
tem. The State of Maine might be called the Penobscot country, this ' 
river being its main artery. 

The reiiobscot, at its mouth, f.jrms the l.irgeM and most be.iuliful of 
all the numerous bays or inlets of the eo.isl. and is very deep, and nav- 
igable for the largest vessels about sixty miles from the ocean upward 
to the city of H.ingor, where tides and vessels are stopped by rocks and 
falls. 

'1 he widely ojieii mouth attracted the attention of all the e.vploring 
navigators sailing along the coast and it was visited by tlie .Sp.miards 
on tlieir first e.sploring expedition to our regions. We see it depicted 
on the Spanish maps as the longest river of the whole region, and they 
g.ive to it names like the following: ■• Rio Grande" (the great river), 
or ■ ■ Kio Hermoso " (the beautiful river). And the principal of the ear- 
ly Spanish e.vploi-ers of these regions, Gomez, left his name to this 
river, which, perhaps, he considered to be one of his most important 
discoveries. It was sometimes called "Rio de Gomez" (the river of 
Gomez). It was afterwards often visited by French navigators and 
fishermen fiom the Great Rank, and they appear to have built there, 
befijre the year 1555, a fort ur settlement, which must have been the 
first t-:uropean settlement ever made on the coast of Maine. 'Ihe In- 
di.iiis of .Maine, also, thought highly of this river, rheir principal 
chief, according to the well-known Captain John Smith, an early ICng- 
lish describer of the coast of Maine, resided on its shore, and even now 
when everywhere else in Maine the Indians have disappeared, the few 
remnants of them, the little Penobscot tribe, cling to the borders of 
this their old, beloved, principal canoe trail. 

The very full and interesting Report upon the Water- 
power of Maine, made in 1S68 by Mr. Walter U'ells, 
superintendent of the hydiographical survey of this State, 
contains an elaborate and most valuable chapter upon 
the .system of the Penobscot, from which we make the 
following briet extracts; 

The Penobscot IS the only great lluviatile district in Maine which il- 
lustrates in its actual configuration the geographical idea of the river- 
basin— appearing as a mere point at the mouth of the stream, thence 
interior-ward, e.xpanding symmetrically upon both sides of the central 
channel, presently embranching into subordinate basins, themselves 
dis])osed likewise sviniiH-traally .ib,,ul tribill.iry sUe.ims. and tliem- 
seKes vet luilher Im.iklng up inio still sni.illj, l,.,sins located upon 
slill sm.illrr tribul.in, s, until the whole t.ikes on the .similitude ,;f a 
iniglily lirr, Ui.il lioiii ,_,ne trunk r.iinilies into iiniuinerable br.inches, 
and tioiii one gr.uid .lort.i div.iric.iles into numberless .irlrii,-.s and 
veins, by which, upon occasion, its entire volume of lluids is conducted 
to and poured into a common cliannel of circul.iiion .nul discharge. 

Gre.iiest length, from north to south, 160 miles; greatest breadth 
115 miles; area, 8,200 scjuarc miles, considerably the largest rivei^ dis- 
trict contained wholly in the State-800 square miles discharge their sur- 
plus water into the main river below its lowest water powx-r.^'at Bangor. 
The so-called west branch is properly only the con- 
tinuation of the main river; it is the upper Penobscot; a name applict- 
ble to the stream from the Mattawamkeag to the "Forks," ,1, Pittston 
townshii., where the Penobscot takes origin. The lower Penobscot 
extends from the Mattawamkeag to Penobscot bay. 

The east branch, so ealled, should be known as the Matta.-tmon 
aftei and in common with the lake from which it issues and the^moun- 
tains II, Its vicinity. The various terms west branch, east branch 
northwest branch, etc., should be reserved for use about the headwa- 
ters of the river, where iiuleed they are already applied. When u.sed 
111 both the mid and upper section, they involve i,s iinm.-nclature in 

COtlfUbUJll. 

The Penobscot, from the confluence of the Mattawamkeag to the 
sea, ,s .about 120 miles long; fiom the junction of the Matt.agamon to 
the sea, about ,32 miles, from its extreme headwaters, .ibout 260 
miles, or, including the loci windings, 300 miles. The main water- 
P0W..1 sec,i„ii extends from l.,d.e Chesiincook to lUngor, 120 miles, 
the fill being ,,oofeet; or v/., tlie M,.ttagamon, from Lake .Maitaganion 
to liangor, 115 miles, and .1 fall of about 850 feel. 

The annual di.sch.irge of the Penobscot is estimated as V9 800 000 - 
000 cubic Icet. Of this, about 31,000,000,000 are reecivJd below the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK 



lo\M-bt mill-iirivilege, yieliliny on lis p.isiagc to llie nvtr imp.irt.mt 

puWlT. 

The renoliscol nalur.illy, ami «illioul the assistance of man, holds 
a position amongst the most highly fa\ored of the Stale in respect to 
uniformity of volume at different seasons of the year. This is due in 
part to the extent of its tributary aiea, in virtue of which the contribu- 
tions of the various brandies do not reach its chief manufacturmg 
bites at the same time. It is due also to the more uniform surface as- 
pect of the basin, in respect to which it has the decided advantage over 
the Saco, AndroscoggM\, and Kennebec; it is due also, in common with 
the other large rivers of the State, to its c.Mensive system of lakes and 
the vast breadth of forests upon its drainage surface. 

A record covering the period from 1816 to 1866, shows tluil the ear- 
liest opening to navigation of the Penobscot at llangor, for the period, 
was on March 21, and that during the whole time registered it opened 
in January and Kebru.iry but once— naiuely, in i8ji, on January 9th. 
The river remains frozen over for 125 days yearly on the average. 

The following excellent and detailed account of the 
Penobscot waters is derived from the introduction to 
Williamson's History of Maine, than which we find 
nothing better in jjrint for the iiurjwse of full descrijJtion. 
It was written about 1830: 

The Penobscot river is the longest of any one in the State; and in its 
tide-waters it is as l.irge as the Sagad.ihock after the junction of tin- 
Kennebec and the Androscoggin. Its wliole length, as it runs from its 
heads to Kort Point is supposed to be about two hundred miles. It has 
no reservoirs, such as the great lake that yields supply to the Kennebec; 
it is formed by a great number of streams, winch issue from ponds, 
swamps and springs, above and below the foriy-si.\th parallel of lati- 
tude, and spread the whole uidth of the State, its western sources being 
more than ten liumlred miles, in a straight course, from its eastern 
heads; and so much do they all, like branches of one family, converge 
and aim at a general union, as to form a conlluence and constitute the 
main river, ninety-tive miles from its mouth, and with about one-half a 
degree only below tlie parallel aliove mentioned. 

The western liranch of the Penobscot is supposed to be the largest 
It rises in the highlands north of the KenmlHC, r.isl of the C'liaudiere, 
and south of the St. John, .ind wli.a is nuliLiMhle, ilie head-streams of 
the four rivers are tjuite near each other 111 sexer.il pi. ices. Its sources 
have been explored by the surveyors under the ite.ay of tjhem, and it 
is found that the road from the forks of thc> Kennebec to " Mile Tree " 
crosses three primary branches of the Penobscot, two of which, one 
four and the other six miles below the heights, are large nnll-streanis 
where they cross the road. 

I'roni the northwest branch of the Penobscot, rising between twenty 
and thirty miles northeasterly of '• Mile Tree," the carrying-place into 
the main St. John is only t.vo nulrs, ,ind some streams of the two rivers 
are much nearer each other. This great western branch, after collect- 
in" its waters from the north and south, runs eastwardly, not far from 
the northern margin of Moosehe.ul Lake, and eni|)tie5 into Chesuncook 
Lake, sixty miles from some of its sources. '1 he outlet river of this 
lake, which is fifteen miles in length, runs southwardly and eastwardly 
forty-five miles, till it embraces the great eastern branch, and forms 
what is called the junction, the waters in each being nearly etiual. 

The two main streams of this eastern branch rise about fifty or sixty 
miles, from their heads to its union with the great western branch or the 
Neketow. Twenty miles above this junction, in the west branch, are 
the Grand Falls, where the waters descend over a ledge of smooth 
rocks, 50 feet, through a channel 45 feet wide, into a basin of unknown 
depth. In late years the eastern branch has been explored above the 
junction; and of the other considerable is known to its several sources, 
though neither of them has yet setllemenls on its banks. South of the 
junction, two miles, the Penobscot receives from th.' nortlieasl a brook 
called .Salmon stream. 

Sixteen miles below the juiu tion is ihe niuuth ol the .M.Ulawaiiikcag 
river, which rises on the easic-rn side of tlu- State, and Hows many miles 
southeasteriy towards Schoodic Lakes; llien forms a bow and runs 
southwest twelve miles, and receives the Sebascohegan, through which 
t^ivellers and Indians ascend within three miles of the Schoodic Lakes. 
The Matiawamke.ig is as large as the Piscatatiuis, and larger than two 
of the Kcnduskeag; rapid, very rocky in several pl.ices, and frcciuent 
falls and inlervening still-waters. Its mouth is about 30 miles below 
that of the Sebascohegan; and the mail, first established in 18-25, passes 
up these two rivers through the Schoodic Urkes to Iloulton. 

From the mouth of the M.mawamkeag, the Penobscot descends in a 



cool and inviting current, navigable for the largest rafts, receiving on Us 
west side the Medunk.aunk, a small mill-stream, and the Madamiscon- 
d.as [ Mattamiscontisl, a large one; and on the east side, the Metanaw- 
cook, two-thirds as large as the Passadunikeag, and 16 miles above it. 

Fiut ihe most important and considerable tributary of the Penobscot 
is the Piscataiiuis, which comes from the west, and, after running too 
miles from its sources, empties itself 35 miles above the mouth of the 
Kenduskcag and 35 miles below the junction. Three large streams 
constitute the Piscatatjuis, \iz: Pleasant ri\t'r from the northwest, which 
rises on the east side of Moosehead lake; Sebcc river from the west, 
which has some of its sources in the same neighborhood, and Sebec 
pond in its course; and Piscataquis proper, which comes more from the 
souiliucst; the killer two embrace the first, and Ihn-v miles further 
tUiuii iliey rrcci\e the third, 12 miles from the mouth of the Pisc.ita- 
quis. Sebec- and Pleasant rivers are about equally large, and a few 
others of their size carefully compare with lliem in beauty and commo- 
diousness. They afford many excellent mill-sites, and in freshets will 
float large lafts. The three branches have low banks, interspersed with 
rich and extensile intervales. The flowing of the Piscaiatjuis, which is 
30 rods wide, is \ery quick and its waters uncommonly transparent and 
pure. At its mouth it descends a fall of 12 or 15 feet in the space o{ 10 
rods; and over a part of the fall the water pours in a thick and limpid 
sheet. In mixing with the Penobscot it adds to it nearly a third part 
of its waters. 

Five miles below the Piscatatiuis, on the cast side, is the Passadum- 
kc.ig, which rises near Schoodic waters and empties itself into the Pe- 
nobscot. It is bo. liable about twenty miles, excepting seven carrying- 
places of inconsidenible length. On this river are extensive ii.ttural 
meadows, where great quantities of hay are cut every year. 

The Penobscot, after flowing south five miles, receives on the east side 
Olemon stream, which is little else than a large brook, and likewise em- 
braces an island of excellent land, called Olemon Island, containing 
three hundred acres; also Sugar Island, of like size, a little below, and 
several smaller ones in a short distance. Sunkh.ize stream is rather 
larger than Olemon stream, and empties into the Penobscot eleven 
miles below, on the same side. Not less than two hundred tons of hay 
are taken annu.iUy from its meadows, fiulh these streams together, 
probably, do not contribute more water to the main river than the Pas- 
sadunikeag docs itself. 

One mile below Sunkhaze, and fourteen from the nioutli of Kendus- 
kcag, the Penobscot is parted in a very remarkable manner, so that 
about half the water next the eastern shore descends in direct course 
southerly, and the other half turns a short corner and runs northwest 
more than two miles, and then turning again almost as short, runs 
southerly seven miles before the two branches form a junction. This 
western branch is c.iUed Stillwater, and the first island it embraces 
after the. divorce is Osson island, of twelve hundred acres. It then has 
intercourse w ith the east branch by a southwesterly reach, tliiee miles in 
length, which separates that island from Marsh island, containing Ine 
thousand acres; and from this reach a passage bounds the southeast 
end of Osson island, and separates it from Oldlown isl.md, of three 
hundred acres, where the Indian village is. Besides these three the 
•Stillwater river also embraces another one, c.ilied Orono, of one hun- 
dred and fifty acres. At the upper and lower end of .Stillwater river 
are falls suitable for mill-sites; and on the east br.incli— that is, the main 
river— there are similar falls, viz., at the foot of Oldtown island and at 
Great Works,' a mile or more below ; in each of which the descent may 
be twenty or thirty feet. 

.•\11 four of these islands are excellent land; and, exce|)t .Marsh island, 
which is the souiliernniost one, thev are claimed by the Tarratine tribe 
*of Indians. They also own the other ist.uids mentioned, which are of 
a like fertile soil. 

l-'n.im the reunion of the Penobscot with the Stillwater at the foot of 
Marsh island, the river flows southweslwardly three miles to the head of 
the tide, at "the Iiend,"so called, where its usual el>b and flow are two 
feet. Small vessels may ascend in freshets and spring tides, within a 
mile of it, but ship navigation is not good and safe much above Ken- 
duskcag point, four miles below the liend. 

The Kenduske.ig stream rises near some of the Sebasticook sources, 
and after running in its southeasterly serpentine course fifty miles, and 
turning the wheels of various mills and machinery, it discharges its 
waters into the Penobscot, amid llmgor vill.ige, sixty miles from White 
Ile.icl, iwenty-thiee miles from Fort Point, and seventy from Ihe junc- 
tion. It is generally eight rods wide; its mouth, which is thirty-five 
rods in breadth, and sixty rods higher up at tin- bridge is thirty rods, 
forms a br.inch of the harbor; but here the ground, except in the chan- 
nel, is often bare at low w.iter. Opposite to the mouth of the Kendus- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCO'l' COUNTY, MAINE. 



kcij!, Ilic water in llic cli.mnd uf llie IVll<)1)^c>.t is sovc-nluLii feet when 
tlie lidi! is out, ami llie widili of the main river lielinv is eighty rods. 

The Peiiobscl thence descends in a deep and steady current, passing 
llie moutlis of Sejicuiikedunk on llie east side, and So«ad,il)scuok on 
the west shore; both beini; niiil-strcMiiis much less than Kenduske.iy, 
one three and the other (nc miles beluw it ; thence one leajjue lu liald 
Hill cove, on the same side, another to Huck's I-edye, covered at high 
«aler; and half a mile more tu Oak Point, where the vs'ater is sixty rods 
wide and deep. Uetiveen tlie latter and Dram I'oint, which are a league 
asunder, is Marsh Hay, which is more than a mile wide, ornamented by 
the village of Frankfort or. llie western shore. Here tlie water is very 
salt, and the river is seldom fro/en as low .is buck's Ledge. Indeed, 
during some winters it euiuiniies open as high as the mouth of Sowa- 
dabscook. 

U is about fivemiles from Dram I'oiiii to the head of Orpli.ui island, 
which contains s.ooo acres or more, and divides the waters of the river 
into two br.inches. The western and main one passes through the Nar- 
rows opposite the northwest curve of the island, and by Oldham's 
Ledge, which is half a league below, .ind a league above Fort I'oint, at 
the mouth of the river. The branch which washes the other side of 
the island is called Kaslon river, safely n.ivigable for small vessels;— the 
island itself, ta.ted in liueks|)ort, is good land, and is owned by the de- 
scendants of an or|)han l.idy who inherited a |)art of the Waldo Patent. 

'I'he general breadth ol the IVnobsioi is from 80 to 100 rods, and it 
is remaikable th.il, uwiiig to absorption and ev.iporation, it should be 
so uniformly wide from Piscatai|uis to Orphan island; though its depths 
are various, being above the tide-waters from 6 to 12 feet, not easily 
fordable by a man and horse below the junction. The usu.il udes.ii and 
below liangor are htteeu [eleven feet, and at low w.ilcr lis depth in the 
channel is from three to si.x f.alioiiis, and in some places twenty. The 
banks of the river .ire generally liigli; some projections are rock)' and 
rugged, and others afford a picturesijue appearance. An enchanting ex- 
panse of the river spre.ids itself before Bucksport village, and another 
before Frankfort, and a beautiful country on either side, extending to the 
head of the tide, fills the passengers eye from the river with captivating 
views of nature and culture. As we ascend the river we find the banks less 
elevated, and above the ude-w.iters we pass many extensive intervales 
before we reach the Piscalaiiuis. Tlu> only fearful ledges bcliiW the 
head of navigation are liuck's and Oldham's, before meniioned, and 
Fort Point Ledge, half a mile from the Point, and .Steele's Letige, .1 
league, southeast, covered at high water. 

At and above Bangor, and below it as far as the w.iier is fresh, llie 
river is generally closed by ice from the middle of Deccmher to the fore 
part of April. However, the ice in 1800 did not descend till the eigh- 
teenth ol -April, and on the first of January, 1805, the ruer, after Ijeing 
closed three weeks, was cleai for two days, and 11 may be mentioned 
as a rare instance ih.ii, on itie iweiity-sixtli of M.irch, i8u, the river 
was clear of ice and fro/eii no moie during the spring, .Moreover, 111 
February, 1807, the ice, winch w.is very thick and slruiig, lieing biokeii 
up by an uncommon freshet on the seventeenlh of the inonlli, w.is 
driven down in great cakes, and one hundred rods below Bangor vill.ige 
formed an iimiiov.djle inipedimeiit to the current. By reason of this 
check, the waters rose irn to melve feet higher than was before known, 
filled the lower aparlineiits .,f scvcr.il buildings, and destroyed and in- 
jured a great <iuantity of goods, fnunig the inh.tbit.iiusof one dwelling- 
house to make their ese.ipe from llie ch.imber windows. Three davs 
elapsed before ihe ice fully g.ive w.iy .iiid llie lluuil subsulei-l. 

At the foot of Orphan island ihe Penobscot exp.uids, so that the dis- 
tance across from Fort I'oiiu to the cistern shore is two miles or more; 
and this is the head of the bay. The most noted place 011 the e.islern 
shore is M.-ijor-biguyduce I'oint. fifteen miles below Orphan isl.md, a 
place repeatedly mentioned in history. . . Th.it point 

is the southerly projection of the peninsula, which constiiules the 
greatest part of the town of Casline. On the north it has Back Co\e; 
north of west it has Penobscot bay, two le.igues over, with Belfast b.iy 
another le.igue on the west, .ulorned by the vill.ige of iielf.tst. On the 
southwest it has the upper end of Long island [Islesborough], two 
miles distant, and at the eastward it has Northern bay. It h.\s alw.iys 
been considered by Kuropeans, as well as by the. Americans and natives, 
to be a very eligible situation. Casline vill.ige is on the southerly side 
of the peninsula; .ind westward of il one hundred rods, at some dis- 
tance from the .shore, are the appearance of the old foriilic.aions. Here 
the Plymouth colony had a Ir.idiiig house as early as A. D. 1626; here 
D'Auhi.iy located himself in 1640; and here B.iron de C.isiine after- 
wards had his residence many years. The United St.ues g.irrison is 
still farther to the west and on higher land, intended to protect the town 
and command the upper section of Penobscot bay. 



l.LI.MUKKINt; ON THK Kl\ KR. 

.•\ vivid skctcli of scenes on the I'enobscot, as the 
lumbermen approach their ciestination at Bangor, is given 
in the entertaining voUime on Forest Life and Forest 
Trees, by i\Ir. John .S. Springer, himself a native of the 
Pine-tree State. In his i ha[>ter on River-driving the 
writer says : 

Between the mouth of the Pisealaquis and Oldtown, 20 or 25 miles, 
are numerous beautiful islands, some of them large, and generally cov- 
ered with a heavy growth of hard wood, among which the elm abounds. 
When the logs arrive at this point, many of the encampments are fixed 
upon these islands. As the sun sinks behind the western hills, the 
lengthened shadows of the beautiful island forests shoot across the 
mirrored river, casting a deep shade, which soon disappears amid the 
denser curtain of an advanced evening, with which they blend. The 
roar of rushing waters is over, and the current glides smoothly on. No 
sound is heard but the echo of the merry boatman's laugh, .ind of voices 
here and there on the river, with now and then the shred of a song and 
the creaking and plashing of oars. While thus passing down, as the 
boats turn a sudden bend in the river, a dozen lights gleam from the 
islands, throwing their lengthened scintillations over the water. Now 
the ([Uestion goes round, " Which is our light?" "There's one on the 
east side!" " Yes, and there's another on .Sugar island!" "And there's 

one on Hemlock!" says a third. "Why the d 1 hadn't they gone 

to B.mgor and done with it?" " VVangun No. i, ahoy!" shouts the 
lielmsnian, a little exasperated with fatigue and hunger. Now, while 
all the other cooks remain silent, No. i cook responds in turn. Another 
calls out the name of their particular log-maik: "Blaze Bell, ahoy! 
Where in thunder are you?" " Blaze Fielt, this way, this way!" comes 
echoing from Hemlock island, and away the Blaze Belt batteau rows 
with its merry-making crew. Thus each crew, in turn, is finally eon- 
ducted to its respective camp-fire. 

The prospect of a release from the arduous labors on the drive at 
this point of progress raises the thermometers of feeling, which im- 
parls a right merry interest to everything. Like sailors "homeward 
bound," after a three- or nine-month's cruise, and within one day's sail 
of port, relaxation and pastimes only are thought and talked of. 

The mine of song and story is opened, and the r.irest specimens 
of inatch-songs and stretched stories are coined and made current by 
Ihe members of ihe different crews. "The smartest le.tm," "chopper,' 
"barker, "" the largest tree, " the biggest log, the giealest day's shirk, 
bear or moose story, the merits of crews, teamsters, brooks, creeks, and 
swamps, falls and rapids, stre.iins .iiid rivers, all, all come upas themes 
of coinerse, song, and story. There is less hurrying in the morning 
now III, 111 111 Ihe fijiiiier p.irt of the driving. Let the water rise or fall, 
Il IS .ill tin- s. line thing at this point, for the driver has reached the ample 
ch.innel of the river, where neither falls nor rapids occur. A dav, and 
the work is consummated — 'lis done. Crews are disbanded; they 
disperse, some to their homes and farms, some to idleness ami recrea- 
tion, some to hire in the mills, to saw the logs thus run others lo take 
rafts of boards to the head of tide-navigation, where hundreds of vessels 
are in waiting to distribute the precious results of the lumbermen's toil 
lo the thousand parts of the Atlantic and Pacific coast; where the 
sound of saw, planes, and hammers of a million house-wrlglils, cabinet- 
m.ikers, coopers, and joiners make the air vocal with the music of 
cheerful labor, giving bread to the millions, wealth 10 thousands, and 
comlort .iiid convenience lo all. 

THK SOIL Of PENObSCOT. 

In Mr. Whipjile's Geograjihical View of the l)i.strict of 
Maine, [lublished in 1816, occur the following remarks, 
which need not be gieatly changed for our dav: 

'that p.iri of the district of Maine which is iieaiest to the sea-coasl, 
and extending its whole length and about ten miles back, is gencr.ally 
inclined today, and in many pl.aces rocky, i his is reported as the nios, 
oidinary part of Maine; but many parts of it, uhere well culiiv.ated, 
produce most abundantly. That part of this section which exlertkls 
from Penobscot to Piscalaqua is by far the most po|mlous, and piob.ibly 
the best cullivated division. The next section, which is east of the 
Penobscot and north of the sea-coast, comprising the million acres 
called the Lottery Lands, with the land to the norlhward, has not so 
good a reput.ition as many other divisions. There are some pans of it. 
however, that are eullivaled, which yield hay, beef pork, buller, and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNIV, MAINE 



»3 



liul ihe sipil of 



cllcf.M', as :ilnin(hiiul\ a-> .inv p.ul of Ni-\s l-jiulanil 
Ihis section lias piolial.ly Ixtn iiuikiraU-d. On a i.l-w road, wliicli is 
locfticd by itic I'omiiuiiiHraUli from I'uiiobscol rivi;r toward dii- St 
John, and uxli-ndirig tlironi;li lliis section, tlic land is rc[)Utcd to lie 
gencniUy of llic lirst (lU.ility. The next section, which is comprised lie- 
tween the IVnolisc.it and Kenneliec, and exter.dini; northerly to the 
height of land, has a higher reputation than any other division of 
Maine. It is about fifty miles in breadth by one hundred miles in length, 
and contains all the variety of soil which is found in Maine. The iich- 
esl part of this land is between the upper iiart of the two rivers. 

The soil of the ranges of townships, north of the W.ildo Patent, which 
are comprehended in this section, has generally been estimated as the 
best in the district of Maine. The States land, which is nearest to the 
['enobscot, is rather fiat and low, except a ridge which extends nearly 
parallel with the river, over which a road has been opened at the 
State's expense. It is expected that, when this tr.act is cleared, tile 
high land will prove the best for tillage, and the low land for grass. In 
the townships marked No. i on Carleions map, and which adjoin the 
States land, the country is generally higher, and a small part of it is 
inclined to be rocky, but not too much so. as it produces corn and 
wheat in abundance. From this section westerly the land is rather low, 
extending to the townshijis marked No. 2, wheie the land rises and 
continues about llie same for many miles westerly, in swales and gradual 
swells, and is generally free from ledges, and contains probably less 
waste land than any other part of New Kngland. The low land, in 
some inst.inees, is fouml to be wet; but the u|il.ind is gener.illy a wann 
loam, incliiie<l to sand or grav.l, ami not only very congenial to grass, 
but ei|ually so to tillage. Near the I'iscatacpiis and its branches are ex- 
tensive intervals, which are particularly productive. The Waldo Patent, 
although an excellent tract of land, probably will not average so good 
as the nine ranges. 

ARAULE AND WASTE LAND. 

In Moses Greenleaf's Statistical View of the District 
of Maine, published at Boston the same year, an esti- 
mate is given of the ([uantity and proijoriions of arable 
and waste land in the incorporated towns and plantations 
of the several counties of Maine, in whu h I'enobscot is 
set down as having four hundred and fifty-five thousand 
four hundred and ninety-three acres of aiable pasture 
and woodland, to but twenty thousand five hundred and 
fifty-nine of waste land, six thousand two hundred and 
ninety-eight covered with water, and four thousand si.\ 
hundred and ninety used for roads. 'I'he proportion of 
improvable land was nine hundred and twenty-nine 
acres in the one thousand, of waste land forty-eight, of 
water covered fourteen, and occupied by roads nine. 
The author says that in this county instances had oc- 
curred of crops of wheat exceeding forty bushels to the 
acre being harvested on land no better tlian is usually 
cultivated, and, "in one or two instances, near sixty 
bushels of wheat have been produced on an acre." Of 
potatoes seven hundred bushels, and of tuinips thnteen 
hundred bushels to the acre, had been gathered. 

.\GR1CULTL-KAI. AllAPT.VriON OF WILD LANDS. 

The following statements occur in the repoits ol State 
Geologist Hitchcock, made in 186 1-2. 

The Penobscot, passing in its general direction from a northerly 10 a 
southern point, through an extent of two and a half degrees of laii- 
tu<le, and in that course also rising to ciuite an elevation (rom the sea, 
must exhibit, in various sections of its course, a considerable range of 
climatic difference, and, consequently of agricultural capability. The 
hrst c|uestion usually asked by a f.irmer, when wishing to ascertain the 
agricultund character of any northern location, is-" Can you raise 
Indian corn tlieie?' 'Ihis crop seems, by common consent, to be the 
ciil.-rion by which to judge of the climate ami its ,,griciillural v.ilne. 

We lind that the hue which bounds the northern limit of Indian 
corn maturing in Maine, is a very irregular one, as, indeed, might be 
expected, coinciding, as it does, with the isothermal line, and not with 
the line of latitude. We find that the elevated or mountain district— 



which, as we have in a former part of our report mentioned, formed a 
part of a triangular belt, having its base on the western border of the 
State, south and north of L'mbagog, and stretching easterly to its 
apex in Mars-hill -is not a sure corn-iii,uuring region. Corn can be 
r.iiscil with certainty within a few miles south of L'lubagog. It is 
raiseil with less certainty on the Like shores, anil again with more cer- 
tainty on the northern side, as the slope sinks down toward the shores 
of the St. Lawrence. The Penobscot exteiuls into this belt, and 
hence, while in its lower sections corn is a safe and profitable crop, in 
its upper section we find it a precarious one; while further east, on the 
same line of latitude, it is again found more cert.iin. 

At the Trout Brook Farm we found two parcels of corn growing — 
one of them (27tli .August) nipped by frost, while the other, on a more 
elevated piece of land, was not touched. At .Monroe's farm, on the 
Alleguash, we found, as we liave before stated, a small patch which 
had not been frosted, but were told by Mr. Monroe that he had not 
bc-en able to mature it. Still further north, .\lr. Uolton, who, as we 
stated, has a fine farm at the confluence of the .Mleyiiash and St. John, 
informed us that he had some years r.iised as good corn as ever he had 
raised in .Augusta (his native place), although it was not a sure crop. 
.Some have attributed this trouble to difference of soil, but it is more 
attriliutable to mountain and lake influences on the temperature, as 
well as to the fact that, owing to the immense extent of the forest, the 
earth, for a great breadth of territory, is kept cool and moist. The sun 
cannot penetrate among the leaves and branches of the trees to warm 
the soil to any , gre.it extent. Hence it is f.iir to infer that the climate, 
in this respect, will be in.iti-rially ch.iiiged should the country become 
cleared. The experience of "old settlers." we beluvi.-. will corroborate 
this. and. therefore, although there will probably always be a tract of 
country where corn will be uncertain and unprofitable of culture, we 
may predict that this anti-corn locality will be mucli reduced in extent 
by the clearing up of the land, and opening it to the sun and the warm 
southern breezes. 

lI'/nM/. — The soil over which we passed is as a general thing well 
.idapted to wheat-growing, and the climate is also favor.ible. The first 
crops on burns is gener.dly heavy and remunerating, but after a year or 
two the natural enemies of this valuable crop begin to multiply as on 
the older f.irms. sometimes m.iking such inroads as to reduce the profits 
\ery maleri.illy. Hence not so much wheat is raised where there have 
been clearings is there is of some of the other cereals. In one or two 
instances on the St. John we saw veiy fine fields of wheat growing in 
he.dthy luxuriance in isolated clearings on top of high hiils. where a 
* 'chopping" had been made in the forest and burned off for this very 
purpose of wheat-growing. The reason given for growing wheat in 
such out-of-the-way places was the fact that the midge and the fly and 
aphis would not find the spot for several years, and the crop would not 
suffer from their depredations. Still wheat is not so much cultivated as 
one would suppose it would be. because the other grains, such as oats 
and barley, are more productive, arc more in demand by the lumber- 
men, and being, in proportiipn to the cost of r.iiMiig. a l.irger and more 
remunerative price per bushel. 

O.its and liarhy are therefore the princip.il gr.iin crops grown. These 
grow vigorously on the new lands, have but few enemies to contend 
with, often produce enormous crops, and sell readily at large prices. 

Lliickwhcat. — This will grow almost spont.ineously on these lands. 
It is a staple crop among the French or .Ac.idian settlers. The rough 
variety, or " Indian wheat." as it is sometimes called, is the only kind 
cultivated. It is a sure crop, yields large amounts to the acre, is easily 
gathered and cleansed, and is much used by them as an aiticle of diet 
and for fattening their hogs and poultry. It may be a m\tter of fancy 
on our part, but we thought we could see some connection between the 
physical energy of the fanners in that section and the crops they raise. 
There was an apparent listlessness and lack of physical stamina in 
those Acadians who cultivated little else than buckwheat for bread, 
compared with those who paid attention to the culture of wheat and 
other cereals. Whether the buckwheat diet was the cause and the de- 
bility the effect, or vice versa, we will not here attempt to decide. The 
flour or meal from this grain is much used by the settlers for fattening 
pork, and some of the fattest hogs we ever saw were fed principally 
upon buckwheat gruel. 

A'w>/ t'/v/j.— The various esculent roots, such as potatoes, turnips, 
rulaba"a5. parsnips, carrots, beets in all their varieties, onions. &c.. are 
"at home" throughout the whole extent of the region we traversed. 
Any amount of them can be produced, and would be produced for ex- 
port, did the facilities of transportation warrant their being c.irried to 
market at a reasonable expense. Not only is the crop generally large 
in quantity, but excellent in i)uality. 



u 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Small Ftitil^ Mubi nf ilif small fruits f;row lu.vuriuiuly in thih sec- 
lion of llie cuuiiti V, and their cultivation would be eminently success- 
ful. Strawberries, currants, gooseberries, blackberries, blueberries, are 
all indigenous to all these lands. The wild currants, however, are not 
so palatable as some others. t)iit the fact of their being native to the 
laud if proof that the irnproveil and cultivated varieties will find conge- 
nial soil and climate. * "heri'ies .md plums will also nourish well, tliough 
we could not prouuse that the " Black-knot" would let them alone. 
This singular disorder is by no means confined to civilized life. It was 
frequently met with far aw.iy in the forest, thirty or forty miles from 
any gardens of cultivated fruits, fastening itself upon the wild cherry 
trees and disfiguring and blighting them as severely as any ever seen in 
the gardens ih the oldest sections of the country. 

The "high or bush cranberry" [I'iburiium Opitlm), and the com- 
mon lowland cranberry {I'ltit iiiium 0.iyi'oit-iis), are found abund.iiuiy, 
the first by the side of streams and swampy lands and the latter on the 
wet meadows and bogs. 

Stiuk A\iisi»i^^. — The wild lands which we examined, arc capable of 
making an excellent stock-growing country when cleared and laid down 
to grass. It is true that the length of the winters and the consequent 
longer time rcc|uired to feed from the crib serve in the minds of 
some as a drawback, but there is a compensating principle in the su|5e- 
rior advantages for grass and hay during the summer season, brought 
about in part by the covering shelter of snow, which piotects the earth 
and the herbage until the se.ison is too far advanced for any injury to 
arise from too much freezing and thawing, during the tiansition from 
winter to summer. If it were not for the losses often occasioned by 
wolves and other wild animals, the Upper Madawaska section might 
grosv almost unlimited amounts of wool and mutton. The rich inter- 
vals and upland, so welt .^d.qiicd for forage crops, would yield ample 
supply for winter ferding, and the cool and breezy slopes and tops of 
their hills would give the best of p.isturage for them. It is to be 
hoped tliat in time this important branch of husbandry will receive 
more attention in that part of the Slate, and their flocks increased as 
fast as is compatible with safety in the investment from beasts of prey. 

The abundance of pasturage and the good condition of the cattle 
and horses on the few clearings now to be found along the route we 
travelled, is a pr.ictical demonstration that such stock may be advan- 
tageously raised in those tounships as soon as the forest can be 
changed into a grass-grovMiig lield, ,uh1 that cm be done in two vears 
I'rom falling and burning of trees. 

GEOLOGY OF IHE COUNTY. 

A vast amount of interesting matter is presented by 
the geology of the great I'enobscot valley. It has as yet 
been but partially e.xplorcd; but tnough has been ob- 
served and described to enable an inquirer to form a 
pretty good idea of the topography and rock-structure of 
this county. The chief source of information is, of 
course, the re[)orts made by tlie State Geologists -first, 
by Dr. Charles T. Jackson, in 1838; second, by Dr. 
Charles H. Hitchco( k, son of the eminent scientist. Dr. 
Edward Hitchcock, of .\mhcrst College, and his co-labor- 
ers, made in 186 1-2. The loUowing descri|itions and 
narratives are e.xclusively from one or the other of these 
sources, and generally in the very words of the authors: 

The rocky strata on which rests the tertiary formation of Bangor and 
Brewer are argillaceous talcose, plumbaginous and pymiferous slates. 
These various slates pass into each other by imperceptible shades, so 
that it is extremely difticult to define their boundaries. In some places 
the slate rocks are charged with numerous quartz and calcareous spar 
veins, and they frequently coiil.iin a sufficient quantity of carbonate 
of lime to cause them to elti-riesce with acids. When the rock con- 
tains a large proportion of silex, it passes insensibly into quartz rock 
of a blue color, and occasionally beds of it are found containing a 
sufficient quantity of fine scales ol nuci to convert it into mica slate 
of an imperfect kind. 

On the summit of Thomas's Hill, in Bangor, the slates may be seen 
cropping out, their upturned edges appearing above the soil. On the 
Kenduskeag, at a high ledge overhanging the river, may be seen several 
varieties presented by this rock. It is there observed to be charged with 
calcareous spar, and is sometimes of a green color, owing to the pres- 
ence of cliloritc. 



In the city the sl.ite may be (observed passing into (juartz rock on the 
side of Exchange street, where the strata run E., N. li., and W. S.W., 
and dip to the N. N. W. 80". On the S. W. side of the river the strata 
di|> to the north. Near Brewer bridge they lun E. by N. and dip N. 
by W. 70'. A little above the bridge on the south side of the Penob- 
scot, in Brewer, there is a cliff of argillaceous slate, which runs to the 
tieiglu of about eighty feet, and there the strata may be obser\ed to run 
N. N. E. and S. S. W. , and dip N. N. W. 65". About half a mile 
south of Bangor the slate strata run N. E. and S. W., dip N. W. 60°. 
There are many other places in the vicinity of Bangor where these 
rocks may be seen, but it would be tedious to enumerate all the locali- 
ties. A sufficient number have been noticed to show that the whole 
substrata of Bangor and Brewer are composed of this class of rocks. 
In some cases the surface of the plumbaginous slate is glazed with 
plumbago or graphite, and owing to this circumstance such rocks have 
sometimes lieen mistaken for coal. The whole mass of strata which are 
above described, bear evident marks of having been exposed to the 
action of heal and pressure, while from the great variety of substances 
which enter into a sedimentaiy deposit, there would evidently result the 
\arious metamorphic varieties of stratified rock which I have described. 
It will be observed th.U all the strata now rest on Iheir edges and are 
highly inclined to the horizon, and this position could not have resulted 
from their original deposition, for all strata which are deposited by 
water are arranged horizontally. Now it is clear that these rocks were 
deposited from water in horizontal beds, and that since th.it lime they 
have been thrown up by a violent subteiranean cause into their present 
position. These sl.ites belong to the oldest transition form.Uion and 
are generally destitute of organic remains. 

The tertiary formation in Maine consists of a series of layers of clay 
and sand, which have been deposited by water upon the various solid 
rocks beneath. This deposit is evidently a sediment of clayey and 
silicious matter, and is arranged in regular strata showing the effect of 
tranquil subsidence from the waters by which it was deposited. 

These beds of clay contain distinct remains of marine shell-fish in 
the various strata, arranged in such a manner as to evince their having 
lived and died exactly in the spots where we find them. This shows a 
slow and gradual deposition of the clay, for the shell-fish lived near the 
surf.ice of ihe different strata, and must have had time to live, grow, 
and multiply in each stratum before the next was ileposiled. 

The lower tertiary at Bangor is composed of blue clay, very ten- 
acious in ils structure, tough, and .adhesive. It contains so much veg- 
etable matter, derived from decomposed seaweeds, as to give it in 
many places the odor of marsh mud. The shells characteristic of this 
deposit are the Nucula, Saxicava, and Mya dehiscens. 

There are a m.ajorily of recent species of shell-fish in this deposit, 
and hence we consider it as equivalent to the pliocene formation of 
Lyell. .Mjove this deposit we come to anothei mass of clayey strata of 
a yellow color, and remarkable for the curious casts of vanous forms 
winch it contains. Nearly all these casts have a long cylindrical tube 
luniiing through them from one extremity to the other. 

In Bangor, the greatest elevation which the tertiary clays attain is 
not more than 100 feet above the level of the sea, or 75 feet above the 
level of the I'enobscot river at that place. The hill upon which the 
First Congregational church is built is tertiary, and is the highest point 
which that formation attains in Bangor. The lower portions of this 
clay-bed contain distinct remains of the marine shells Nucula Port- 
landica, Mactia. and Venus. The upper beds contain a great abun- 
dance of those strange cylindrical and conical casts, terminated some- 
1 lines by a large bulb or tuber, which fossils resemble in their general 
structure the siphoniie described and figured in Rozet's Geology. 
There are, however, in this deposit a number of different species, and 
their peculiar shapes have caused them to be mistaken for almost every 
variety of plant and fruit. There is, however, good reason to believe 
that they are of animal origin, and were probably once molluscous or 
soft animals, having but little consistency, so as not to leave any solid 
matter indicative of their comj)osition. 

According to the later report of Mr. Hitchcock, the lower clays of 
this group [the marine clays] at Bangor are very tenacious and adhe- 
sive, with the peculiar marine odor or marsh mud, and contain as char- 
acteristic shells the Nucula, Saxicava distorta, and Myaarenaria. The 
upper portions of the deposit are more sandy. The clayey strata are 
of a yellowish cast, containing numerous yellow, soft concretions of 
clay of a cylindrical shape, and jjerforated by a long tube. Ferrugin- 
ous and silicious sands alternate with the clays The lower portions of 
the upper beds contain Leda I'ortlandica, Mactra and Venus. The 
upper portions are filled with the concretions. Some of these cl.iys in 
Bangor dip 10 degrees southwest, and others 15 degrees southeriy. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



15 



The highest of ihem is about 100 feet above the ocean. Above the 
clays are found coarse drift deposits. 

There are beds of ferruginous and silicious sand, which here and 
there oJternate with the upper clay-bods. In some places it is of gocid 
quality for moulding. IC.xamples of this kind of sand may be seen on 
the side ol Exchange street, where the strata of the clay dip to the 
south 25°. 

In Cumberland street the lower tertiary dt-posit may he seen with the 
upper beds resting directly upon it. The strata dip to the S. W. 10*. 
This deposit attaiub an elevation of fifty or sixty feet above the river's 
level. 

Crossing the Penobscot we enter the town of Brewer, whnre the same 
tertiary clays may be seen. .A, little above the bridge, onthe river's bank, 
occurs a high cliff of sand attaining an elevation of eighty-bixfeet above 
the high-water mark upon the I'enobscot. 

At the various brick-ynds in this town we had an excellent opportu- 
nity of examining the nature of the clay and the various shells which 
are contained in it. They are identical with those found in liangor. 

The clay generally selected for making bricks belongs to the upper 
tertiary, and is of a yellow color and contains but very few marine 
shells. The blue clay answers very well for the same purpose, when 
there are not too many shells, but it is lough and hard to work. 

The silicious sand found alternating with those clays is used also in 
brick-making. Thc-^e materials are so common in Maine that little ac- 
count is made of their value, Imt they are nevertheless sources of a very 
considerable mcome. Thus, for instance, in the eight brick-yards of 
Brewer during 1837 no less than 3.000,000 of bricks were made and 
sold — 1,100,000 machine-pressed bricks were marie in three of these 
yards during the same year. 

So abundant is the brick clay in Bangor that, in digging the cellars 
for inoi^i of the buildmgs, a sufficiency of it is dug out to make the 
bricks retjuired for the edifice, and Dr. Jackson, from whom we had 
these remarks, understood thai this is frequently done. 

Brick-makers are fully aware of the fact that, if clays contain any 
considerable proportion of lime, they will not answer for brick-making, 
since the lime is rendered caustic during the operalitjn of burning, and 
when tlie bricks are moibtened by water the lime flakes, and they crack 
or burst to pieces. On that account they carefully avoid any admixture 
of shells, since they are composed chiefly of carbonate of lime, and pro- 
duce the same effect. 

These clays form extrentuly tough soils, and are hahle to bake or 
harden by the action of the solar heat, so that the rools of plants are 
completely imprisoned by the hardened clay, and therefore the plant 
does not thrive. 

In order to improve a clayey soil when it is found practicable, sand 
should be mixed with it, so as to break up its cohesive properties; and 
it often happens that hills of sand are found close at hand. After the 
texture of the soil is sufficiently broken up, air-slaked lime may then be 
used for a lop-dressing, and it will be retained for a great length of 
lirae since the clay is so ini|H.Tmeuble to water. 

his certainly, said Dr. J.ackson in 1838, worth the l.djor reqmrcd to 
bring into a high slate of cultivation those tracl-^ of land which are in 
llie immediate vicinity of the city, and their improved produce will 
amply repay llic moderate expenditures which would be requisite for the 
purpose. 

Above the tertiary formation we have a confused mass of rounded 
stones and pebbles, which bearevidenl proofs of their diluvial disposi- 
tion. The current of diluvial waters, in rusliing over this district, ex- 
cavated deep valleys in the tertiary deposits, and transported the detri- 
tus far to the south. Near ihe court-house in Bangor may be seen beds 
of coarse pebbles at the base of the hill, and the sediment becomes finer 
as we ascend, until we meet wilh perfectly fine clay. This locality 
shows that coarse pebbles were deposited by swift-running water, while 
the fine sand and clay prove a gradual subsidence in the force of the 
current. On examining these pebbles, il will be remarked ihat they 
are mostly those composed of varieties of slate, which occur in places 
north of the spot where ihey are now found. 

FKO.M holl>p:n to CHARLKSTON. 

Dr. George L. Goodale, one of the assistants of State 
Geologist Hitihcock^ about the year 1S61 surveyed <:are- 
fuUy a geologic section from Mount Desert west of north 
and northwest across the State to the Canada line, nearly 
at right angles to the strata recorded. His route crossed 
the towns of Holden, Brewer, Bangor, Glenburn, Ken- 



duskeag, Corinth, and Charleston, in this county, and the 
results of his observations are here subjoined. 

\'ery near ihe boundary line between Dedliam and Holden. the 
granite disappears and ([uart^ rock succeeds, dipj)ing 70° S. 70* li., 
as it were, beneath the granite. Some planes of a jointed structure 
dipped 70' S, 20^ W. in this vicinity. This rock merges into silicious 
slate. At Graves' coffee-house, in the east part of Holden, considerable 
mica is present in the quartz rock, with a dip of 88° S. 60"" E. Beyond 
this hotel the rotk is very much contorted, and a local variation in the 
dip 75^ N. 60^ W. But the real northwesterly dip is apparent near A. 
B. Karringlon's house, two miles west. Here we have an argillo-mica- 
ceous rock dipping 50° N. 40'' W., and a few miles furilier the ledges 
are entirely ([uartz rock as far as the middle of Holden, dipping 65"" N. 
40" W. Cleavage planes are also present in abundance, dipping, 80° S. 
K. We regard all the rocks mentioned thus far, away from the granite 
as essentially one formation of cjuartz rock and forming an anticlinal 
axis. The rock in the centre of the axis is somewhat micaceous, and 
more nearly resembles the rocks west of Holden village. If this is the 
true order of things, then we have found a (juart/ rock underlying the 
great mass of schists between Holden and Dover. Hence, if future 
researches shall reveal occasional bands of quartz rock among these 
schists, especially if they have an anticlinal form, we shall have a safe 
criterion to inform us respecting the number of foldings in the whole 
area. We do not suppose the more micaceous axis can be of precisely 
the same age with the miaiceous rocks to the westward, because it un- 
derlies (hem in association with quartz. 

We suspect that this quartz rock is in the continuation of the cjuartz 
rock of the Taconic series in Belfast, described in a previous part of 
the report. That was associated with schists just like this, and we find 
on a comparison of various disconnected observations made between the 
two places, that a quartz rock, more or less obscure, can be traced with 
its associate schists all the way from Belfast to Holden. This is a dis- 
covery of some importance, as will be seen hereafter. 

AK<JILLO-MlCA SCHIST. 

We next come to the largest and widest-spread of any formation in 
the State, — ^to a rock that would receive different names from different 
geologists. It would be called clay slate, talcose schist, or mica schist, 
according as the observer happened to inspect different portions of il. 
Last year we ranked it all as clay slate, specifying many localities 
where talcose and micaceous varieties abounded. But this year, after 
a further examination of this rock, we shall call it argillo-micaceous 
schst, coloring it on the map as mica schist. Inspection of all the var- 
.ieties discloses the presence of minute scales of mica. Tney are found 
even in ihe roofing slate of Brownville, which is associated with the 
schists, and by their presence throw light upon the mineral structure of 
the whole series, showing it to be micaceous rather than talcose. 
What we described as one formation of clay slale lasl year, we now 
divide into two, the clay slate proper and ihe argillo-niicaceous schist. 
The manner in which the boundaries of this suhdivision were sug- 
gested to us is (juite interesting and valu.ible, as indicating the direction 
to be taken in studying these rocks in future. We possessed a series 
of observations on the position of the strata, crossing llie whole argil- 
laceous bell in several pl.i^^ ., and mostly radiating from Bangor. L'pon 
comparing these sections with one another, we found lliem to agree es- 
sentially at the same distances from Bangor, or from the southeast side 
of the formation. The material from which we drew is mostly con- 
tainetl in our last year's report. We there der>criljed a .section from 
Bangor to Patten; another branching off at Mattawamkeag up the Kast 
Branch of the Penobscot; another from Bangor to Brownville. This 
year we explored one from Bangor to Moosehead I^ke; and also an- 
other from Shirley to Brighton. At Bangor the dip is northwesterly, 
but at a few miles' distance on every route il changed to southeasterly, 
thus making a synclinal axis. Hiis synclinal line, then, we found to 
run (so far as our meagre observations allowed us to judge) from llie 
mouth of Sunkhaze stream in Milford westerly through the norili parts 
of Oldlown and Pushaw Lake, thence curving southwesterly it passes 
west of Kenduskeag village, and probably to Carmel and N. M. Dix- 
mont. Upon the e;ist side of this line the dip is northwesterly, on the 
line of our principal section, as far as Holden Center; and upon the 
west side the dip is southeasterly as far as the north part of Charleston, 
thus making an enormous basin iwenty-nine miles wide, whose thick- 
ness must be seven miles on the lowest estimate. The anticlinal line 
west of the first synclinal was first observed near Passadumkeag village, 
and can be traced westerly through Edinburg, Lagrange, and Brad- 
ford, till we find it rising into a range of mountains which continue 
t.irough Charleston, Garland, and Dexter. This is a very distinct axis, 



i6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUN'l'Y, MAINE. 



as it is coincidunl with a nioiiiitainous range for so great a distance. It 
runs toward llie niahS of yraniie in ICnficId, which most probaljly was 
forced up alon-^ tile anticiuial line, as the rock would n.uurally be weal<- 
est tliere. \'ery lii^ely ttie aniieiin.d described List year in Weston is 
the coniniuation of this aniiehnal hne. 

'Ihe next basin i>. very u.irrou, .uid ilie rocl% i^ more argdiaceous 
than in the previous b.i^iii. llie -lynchnal line runs along the valley of 
the Piscataquis river, even as far up as I'arkman, and then it must run 
on the west side of I'enobscot river a great ilistauce. We think that 
its position is indicated near the Kive Iblands in Winn, by the change 
111 the dip. Of course these lines must e.stend further in both direc- 
tions than we have in both indiciled, but we point out the hnes only so 
far as we have knowledge of them. 

Ne.vt we come to .iniither change in the dip, uilli clay si. lies |)re\ail- 
ing on one side and argillo-micu schists upon the other. Hence we do 
not regard it as aiilicliii.il, bin a change in the di|) incident to different 
formations, the slates overlying the schists, perhai>b unconformably. 
'I'his line, which upon our l.irge ni.ip we have tor the present estab- 
lished as ihe boundary liiie betuirn llie Iwo form.itions, is first recog- 
nized in the northeast, in .\o. i R. 5, in .Aroostook county, on the 
.Aroostook road. It can be traced through Molunkus, the southeast 
corner of Medway (formerly called .N'ickaion), thence in a straight line 
to .Mcdfoid, hIrii 11 t.ikes somewh.il ul .1 westerly course through Mi- 
lo, Sebec, l-o.\eroft, (Juiif.Md, .md .Abbott. Here it resumes the 
southueslerly dir.cti.Mi, .iii.l we have traced it ilirough Kingsbury, 
iiriglilon, ,ind liingli,iiii, lo ihe Kennebec river. The a.\e5 on the vari- 
ous radi.iting sections corres|jond with one anollier no fuilher than to 
this boundary, but the rock on the norlhwest side of ihis line is 
most entirely clay slate, and is the only bell in Maine Inun which roof- 
ing slate is now obtained. The v.irialions in dip in ibis cl.iy-sl.ite fnr- 
malion we conceive lo Ij.- diie u, ^.lru>lls c.iuses ni,,re i.r less luc.il, and 
not to betie.il,-d uf luuv Nc.iK.ly .inylliing h.is been discnered dur- 
ing ihe survey which li.is nucn us gie.iter ple.isure ih.m these axi.il 
hues. It is a \eiy iiiip..rl.inl oUH.ird step in il 
knowledge of Maine rocks, .ind .1 I.hiu sh.idow of 
veloped by a series of coinpiehciisnr p.ir.illel seelions. 

Returning to the del.nis iipun ou. piinup.il seelion, we hnd the dip 
to vary soinewliat over the Insl half uf Ihe hrsl smicIumI basin. We 
h.ul just said good-bye lo ihe ,|n.,ru lock of HoUlrn; ,iii,l on the roiile 
of the section to liiewei we luld sciieely any ledges, ihe comilry brm- 
covered to a considerable deplh by,, lluvi.ildepuslls. as 11 is upon the 
easl bank of IVnobscl river. .\l liivwer the rock is very qu.ul/.ose 
dipping from 3o'-6o" .\. 20" W. .Acin,s ilie river ,n li.mgor Ihe rock 
IS similar, dijipiiig from 45-50 .\. jo W. .,„d N. \v. n 
li.m nf the leriii l.ilcose lo lliese sjiisis would be mor. 
ll...nl..,.iiy..lherlr,lg,-s,,n ll,e ul„,|c seeliun. Vn ihc rock here is 
not really lalcnse, ,1 l,,,s no i,i.,g,ic„,, m 11, as Ihe .maljsis shows and 
.Ul i.ispevuon ul ni.inv uf il„. Uy,-, ,.,|„l,iis p.,rliei,-s uf ma., ,,„„„|, 
slu»ed.,w,,y (.|,,n ,|„. „,,„., ,„ |.„,„„, ,,|„,„^ „,„,,,,i,„. ,^,;.;_ 

lures. I'luf.-ssurl). T .s,„„|,, ul iL,- I h,,,!,,..,,.,! .s,„ .,/pu„,iol 

onl une such mslance to us .,l,ui,l iw,, „„l,.s wcsl .,| ihe c„v, ul„eh w ,s 
ve,v „,-,U,„liv,-, shuwing .,l„, l|„, dlllelenee belw. 
slMlilic.uioii .,,,.1 lull, ,!,„,, |ur ile.ii.igr). .Siiel 
luon along ihc liiii' o| il„- .„■, i,,,,, 

Three miles norihwesi lium I'.nubscut river ,ii 
lliaise, the schists dip at ,ibuul llie -..nue .iiigli.-, N' ju 
/.ler's, ,1 iiille fiiilhi'i, iiiiy br si l-ii 
and slaly l.dcuse (pi.trl/. luek, ilqij 

edge of Glenburnthe rock is 111., re compact, wiih ihicke 
i;ienbi,rn and Kendu.ske.ig iheiv are oecasiun.il v.ui uh, 
normal norlhweslerly dip, bul these ..re supposed lo be I, 
The section, thus far, runs un th 



progress ui uur 
h.il wuuld be de- 



a|iplic.i- 
apiJiupri.ite 



\» 



in eviiibi 



W. 

w 

"IclSll-.itlllCltlull uf I 
5'-;o' llultljwrslclly. 



b, 



liuynlon's 

.\l I. To- 

ly si. lie 

111 the 

■Is In 

the 

il.lltels. 

he stage-ro.iil lu K.'iiduskeag villa-e 

crossing the kcmhiske.ig river in Kenduske.ig. 

■ Igc dnft-ileposlls obscure the ledges fur a 
■hulseb.nU " from the vib 
sl.ui.e of three iiii|,.s. At a 
school-house and coopers shop nearly four miles frun, Kendnske ,e i„ 
Boutin orililh, the first ledge with the .southeaslerlv dip of the test 
sldeof the greal synclinal a.sis appe.irs, allliough 1, pribabiy bcin 
much sooner. Observations on both sides of the lu.ul, which we h id 
not time 10 make, will settle Ihe e.vael point where the middle of the 
basm IS. Ihe .schists at llie school-liouse deeoiiipuse readily perl, ips 
coii,ammgaca,T,on„ie,.i,idd,p 80 S. .5-1, A,l,,e,.|,t l.^'s l,!, 
a sm.iller dip. Near ICasUonnih Ihe rock is more sl.ity .,nd aigill i- 
ceous. 0,.pos,le J. M. .Sh.iw's house the layersare very much coiivolul d 
o asn,.iUsc,i,,vvi,,anave,,igedipof,5.S. .5"!. .About ,1 m.le 
•-'1 ■' lulf iioiil, uf l.,isi ( uiiiiih, ,,ppear ledges of bright green schiM 



lieyond KendlisKi'.i 
gre.il distance. The lo.iil p.isses uv 
lage toa cemelerv in South 1 iMiiilh, 



lie 



argillaceous, and often quite micaceous, precisely idenlical lithologi- 
cally wiih the gre.iler pail of the slaly rocks on the East branch of the 
I'enobscol above M.iU.iwamkeag. Like them, also, these strata are 
very much contorted, and their average ihp is about 55- S. E. 'Jhese 
peculiar rocks continue for two or three miles. 

In the norlhwest part of Charleston, at B. Bradley's, a compact 
schist, resembling lalcose schist, but really a quarlzite, occurs, dipping 
from 70° 75° S- 3°" K. The land here is higher than anything passed 
over west of the Penobscot, and it continues to rise till the summit of 
the mountain is reached, about 800 feet above the ocean. Upon the 
county map it will be noticed that a r.inge of mountains extends 
through Charleston and the towns adj.aceiii. The range is the one we 
are now crossing, and it must all be an aiuielin,d ridge, marking the 
line of Ihe most imjjorlaut of all the axi.il lines specified above. Pass- 
ing down the north side of this range (for which we have no name), we 
find the opposite dip, making the anticlinal. We are coming into a 
narrower basm than the one just left, it being only ten miles wide, and 
it has almost an east and west course. The first ob.servalion taken is 
of a ledge just north of Rieker Hill, in the southeast pan of Dover; 
an argillo-mieaceous schist dipping 72° N. 10° \V. In this rock the 
mica is quite abundant and distinct. The dip is similar to this all Ihe 
way lo the Piscataquis river. 

The traveller sees at once the superior fertility of the soil 1,1 ilie Pis- 
cal.uiiiis valley, when comp.ired with that passed over since leaving 
Bangor. It seems to be due lo the character of the rock, and to be 
confined to this b.ism of schist. The rock is often calcareous, and in- 
deed certain l.iyers ,11 1 uveiolt are real limestone, and have formerly 
been burnt in kilns for lime. .\s in so many other instances, the char- 
acter of the rock here determines the qu.iliiy of the soil in g.eat meas- 
ure. By calling this superior to that in Penobscot county, we do not 
me.in to underrate the latter-only that this is belter. 'Ihat in Penob- 
scot county is far superior to much that is found along Ihe seacoast and 
covering granitic and gneissic regions. .And most excellent farms are 
common on the ro.id all the way from Bangor. 

MICA SCHIST IN I AHKOLl.. 
In the town of Cairoll, the principal rock is mica sehiM li js the 
only rock seen up,,n the east ,iiid west road rimiiiiiL; ihicHigh ihe luwn 
At Mr. H. Gatess, in the west jxirt of ihe town, is a very fine bed of 
dark-bluish hmesloiu-, whose layers dip 4^" .\. W. The bed is several 
rods wide and of unknown len.L;,l, Mr ( ;,,ie, m.inufaclures from 100 
to 300 barrels of quicklime annu.illy out of this bed. It is capable of 
producing much more, and furnishes lime equal lo the best. Ii can be 
produced cheaper here than al Rockland, and can successfully com- 
liele Willi Ih.il ,n the in.ukel liere.ibuuls. Hints of oilier beds of lime- 
stone 111 C.rrull re.iehed us ,11 both directi,,ns, parlie-.ilarlv in Ihe nortli- 
c.isl. -I here IS s.iid to be a bed un the l.ind uf .Mr. .\i„es. .A similar 
bed .ilsu may be found on .Mr. Coffins l.iiid ne.ir the centre of the 
luwn. These hmeslones correspond belter lu Ihe beds in ,,z,„c schists 
ih.iii Willi the l:ulian limestone on Penobscot bay. 

The mica sehisi uf ( ■..null extends unintcrrupledlv .,s f ,1 .,s .Xhisqu ish 
l.ike in lopsliehl, 1,1 an e.isl.rly direction. In Ihe e.isl p.ui uf Carroll 
there is an aiilRlm.il a.M.s, the limeslone being iip„n the western side 
I he soulhe.ist dip evleiids lu .Musquash Like, and iiilu r.ihn.id-e ,i„| 
the Indian township. Ihe norlhwest dips occur ,it the saw-mill' in 
1 .ihiKidge and about three miles from Prmcclun m the other tuwnshiu 
These observ,iiiuns indicate the presence of a synclni.il. 

.\ high range of mountains in the southern part of C.irioll is evi 
dently granitic, and connects as a mountain range with the syenite or 
.Musquash lake, and has been traced into New Brunswick" and the pro 
viiicMl geological map carries Ihis granitic bell entirely through the 
Ijrovince lo the Uulf of St. Lawrence. 

.\liUl i l..\Kl.vll,l.t ei..\.\TAtlu.N. 

•Ihe general oiilhnc of Sclagly is given on the Penobscot county 
m.ip, but It should he i^rily in No, o. We ascended a short ihorough- 
f.ue lioiii the easl |..irl of .Scragly to Shaw lake, and found no lediTes 
bul an immense number ul boulders of granite and trap This is a 
very pretty lake, bul miieh smaller than Pleasant. It ,s not repre 
senled at all on the stale m.ip. There are many islands in .Scragly and 
Junior l.ikes, and a few ledges of granite. 

Junior lake is connected by a short ihuroughlaie with .Scragly and it 
IS six miles in length and jierhaps four miles wide. It is represented 
correctly upon no published ni.qi. Two small lakes are situated near 
Its north end, Duck lake ..nd .Mill Privilege l,ike, which are either omit- 
ted or not named upon the maps. No ledges occur either upon luiiior 
lake or any of its small tributary lakes upon the nor.li and west sides 
ol which there are five, which are incorrectly located or else omiiied 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



„pon all Ihe maps. Nearer ll.e south end of Junior lake the boulders 
become small and much water-worn, consisting of an mlereslmB con- 
glomerate, trap, schist, and granite. Close by Junior stream they ap- 
pear to be piled up in a ridge, much like a rampart. Magnil.cenl ven.s 
jn.iy be seen upon any of these lakes. 

Upon Junior stream l.irge boulders of gr.inite occupy the bed so 
much that it is difficult to manage a heavily loaded cmuc among tliem. 
Two interesting boulders attracted our attention, as they had been 
w(.rn into ihc shape of an hour glass. We suppose the neck of the stone 
«.is worn most because the strongest currents chiefly exert their powers 
at that altitude. As is common to almost every thoroughf.ire. so here 
on Junior stream the upiier part is very stony, with <|uick water, and 
the lower part with very dee]i water and marshy bank, insomuch that 
chietly sedges grew upon them; while the surface of the water aboumls 
in white and yellow w.iter-lilies and pond-weed. .At the mouth of the 
stream the land is a little higher, a coarse be.ich separ.iting the thor- 
oughf.ire from Grand I..ike. in which we found boulders of metalliferous 
trap, [lyrites. conglomer.ite. granite, clay skue, and schists. 

Ihe char.icter of the shores of both expansions of Crand or W'ilte- 
guergu.igum. I'ocumpus, and Sysladobsis lakes is uniform and may be 
described as a whole. The ininiedl.lte shore is composed of angular 
blocks of granite, often of maininolh dimensions, with scarcely any soil 
over them. They are covered » ilh moss, and the trees of the forest shoot 
down their roots among them with difficulty. The shores rise up grad- 
u.dly to hills and mount.iins. without a .single clearing to give evidence 
of civili/ation. Hut no ledges .iiipear, although their fragments are so 
common. Ihese boulders often lie in the lakes aw.iy from the shores, 
and m.iy project above the surf.ice. One such in Sysladobsis lake must 
weigh many hundred tons. Where the summits of the boulders just 
come to the surface they render the navigation difficult. It is extremely 
rare to see any rock represented among the boulders u|)on these lakes, 
except the angular granite fr.igments. Most of them are of the por- 
phyrilic variety. 

On Sysladobsis lake m.iy be seen die finest views of .my of the west- 
ern Schoodic lakes. That part which lies in No. 5 is correctly repre- 
sented upon the county map, showing the ■'Big island" at the south 
end. That part of the lake which lies in .No. 4 has a due north and 
south course, its northern extremity being only lialf a mile distant from 
Bottle lake. The Chain lakes in 4 and 5 are mostly small and swampy, 
e.xcept a single ledge of granite upon the upper or third Chain lake, 
which is the largest of the three. 

THK L.\sr lik.^NCH OK THE PKNdHSCOI'. 

The latest, and probably the best, summary of this re- 
gion was made by another of Professor Hitchcock's 
assistants — Dr. E/ekiel Holmes, of Winthrop, the chief 
naturalist of the ex[)loration. He was assisted, as he re- 
cords, among otliers by Messrs. A. 15. Farrar and William 
A. Johnston of liangor, Henjamin Thomas of Maxfield, 
Manley Hardy of Brewer, and Louis Rett hum of Old- 
town. Deane Murch and his canoe were also engaged 
after the Hunt farm was reached. 'I'he narrative of Dr. 
Holmes, aside from its scientific value, possesses consid- 
erable interest. The language of the nairative is pre- 
served with little change. 

On the 7th of .August, 1861, the party embarkeil at Oldtown for the 
contemplated survey in a balteau and three birch canoes, furnished 
with the necessary tiiiantity of supplies, comprising e(|uipmeiUs and 
apparatus required to facilitate researches and in<iuirieson the rivers and 
lakes in the forest to be traversed. 

The progress up strc.im in such a primitive craft, m a fa\or.iblc 
pilch of water, must necessarily be slow and toilsome, but at low 
stages it must be slower yet by reason of the delays in looking out the 
deepest channels and the lime lost in working over bars and shoals where 
there is scarcely sufficient depth, even for the light dr.ift of canoes. On 
account of the low stage of the water at the time of embarkation, the 
steamers which then plied between Oldtown and .Mattawamke.ig were 
hauled up, and the facilities of transportation which they would have 
afforded and the consec|uenl saving of time were denied the explorers. 
They had theiefore to depend u|)on their own navigation for convey- 
ance through that section of the route, thereby conMiining three il.iys of 
their lime, when one would h.uc been sufficient, could they have .ivailed 



themselves of the agency of steam, as is usual in the early and later 
parts of the season. 

On the third day from departure they arriveil at Nickatou (now Med- 
way), on the west branch of the Penobscot, which, 10 those bound up 
the east branch of the river, m.iy be considered the end of the road, and 
the point where you bid adieu to eivili/..ation and take your plunge into 
Ih; wild country. There were then but four settlers on faims above 
Nickatou village and the Hunt pkrce in No. 3. and but nine in the whole 
range of country between Nickatou (west branch) village and die mouth 
of the AUeguash on the upper St. John— a stretch of not less than 150 
miles. The cause of this was attributed to the fact that every township 
in this route was owned by proprietors who had hitherto held it for 
lumbering purposes. The .State, having disposed of its interest in the 
lands, had not, of course, been called upon lo aid in opening it up to 
settlers. The proprietors, content with llie gains given them from the 
lumber, were not desirous of having them settled, thereby avoiding any 
calls of taxation for ro.ads or risks from fires which might take place in 
cle.iring the lands. 

No particular obsiruclion was met with in the canoe progress until 
the party came to Whetstone 1-alls, where it became necessary 10 un- 
load and carry by, a distance of half a mile. At this place the geolo- 
gist met with boulders of ••encrinal" or fossiliferous limestones and 
other boulders cont.uning fossil remains which had been brought down 
from sections above. 

Aftei getting by Whetstone Kails, a few hours brought iliem to Hunt's 
I'arm, which is situate about midway of No. 3, Range 7. For more 
than thirty years diis farm had been a welcome station or resling-plate 
lor the lumberman and voyageur as he passed up or down the river, 
and the probability was that it would continue, for years to come, to 
offer the same conveniences as iherelofore, holding the monopoly ol af- 
fording entertainment to the traveller for w.int of a rival establishment 
of the kind in the neighborhood. A road was some time before made 
from diis place into the Aroostock Hoad .at No. 3, Range 6, some 
iwelve miles dist-mt. The soil and agricultural capabilities of this farm 
gave a good criterion by which to judge of the surrounding lands in 
regard lo their value for agricultural purposes. A large portion of il 
was interval, or alluvial soil on the margin of the river. The remain- 
ing portions in the rear were high swells or ridges. The interval is well 
ailapted to grass, being in its lower parts inundated in the spring of 
the year, and thus fertilized by the fine particles left on the subsidence 
of the waters. The higher portions are easily cullivaled and very pro- 
ductive, and the swells or uplands afford excellent pastur.igc for slock. 
There are immense tracts of similar interval on the Tenobscot and its 
br.mches near by (the Was?aia<iuick and the Sebois), covered with 
forest and wild grasses which grow there in the rankest luxuriance, 
.iw.iiting the hand of hiture settlers to subdue and convert them to 
smiling and productive meadows and fields, and thus enable them to 
contribute to the subsistence of man and to the wealth of the Slate. 

liy previous arrangement the party were here met by the Rev. Marcus 
K. Keep, of Ashland, who had done so much as a pioneer explorer of 
Katahdin, and made known to the public the characterisiics of that 
gr.md old mount.iin, in regard to the sublime and extensive prospect 
Teen from its summit, its peculiar geological structure, and the nigged 
loil required to ascend to its pinnacle. A portion of the party immedi- 
ately on arrival pl.iced ihemselves under the guidance of Mr. Keep, 
who was also accompanied wilh Mr. Maxwell, of Ciolden Ridge, and 
left for the purpose of ascending the mountain and making a recon- 
noismce of the country on the way to and from il. As this would take 
them three or four days, the remainder agreeil lo wait for them and 
employ ihemselves in repairing boats, ex]>loring the vicinity of the farm, 
and such other business as the fiirlherance of the expedition might de- 
mand. 

As befori! st.ited, the I'enobscot and the W,issatai|uick, which comes 
in on the west side, and the Sebois, coming in on the eastern side 
further up, are bordered with l.irge tracts of interval land, made up of 
ilic fine alluvium brought down by the waters of Ihe respective streams. 
The uiilands in ihe rear are rather stony or rocky, on account of the 
boulders which have lieen strewed over them at some former period. 
Among these boulders are found limestone of the description before 
mentioned, and cimglomerates and old sandstone of large size, indi- 
cating that they had not been removed far from their parent bed, 
wheiever it might be. 

The Katahdin parly returned on .Saturday afternoon, well satisfied 
with the labors, as well as the results and fruits of their expedition, and 
on Monday morning (181I1) all again pursued iheir voyage up the river, 
iiih.re night they c.iine to the fool of IJr.inil f.ills. ami llieie camped. 
The Grand falls, so c.illed, .ire a .-.erics of r.ipids and cascades exiend- 



i8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ing several miles, with occasional intervals of slack-water between 
some of the |)itches. The whole form the most formidable obstruction 
in the river between Oldtuwn and (}iand Lake. It was a good day's 
work to get "luggage" and boats up to the foot of the first or upper 
pitch, and it was found necessary to encamp, leserving fur the next 
morning the remainder of the "carry " and the getting up tu " tamp 
Johnson" in No. 5 in the 8th range. 

The ne.xt morning and day proved somewliat ramy. but t.iking an 
early start they accomplished the rest of the portage, and once more em- 
barked. They found for a mile or two slack-water, after which a pretty 
smart current met them .and continued until they came to ".Stair 
Kails." An entirely different rock formation is found from the head of 
Grand Falls. Granite has entirely disappeared and given place 10 trap- 
rock and sandstone. Stair Falls are formed by ledges ol the latter 
cro.ssing the river at right angles, and for nearly or quite a mile flooring 
the river in successive steps or "stairs," In the rock of the lower step, 
on the east side, were found " trilobites " and other fossil remains very 
interesting to the geologists of the party. Even Louis— who. by the 
way, is a shrewd and active member of the I'enobscot tribe, and no 
mean representative of the aboriginal race— became very e.vperi in 
hunting up specimens of the kind. 

On the 23d they arrived at Johnson's Camp, in No. 5 of the 8ih. 
This camp had teen constructed two years previously by one of tlie 
paity (William A. Johnston) and his partner for the accommodation of 
their men while lumbering on this township, and it w.is found a very 
convenient stojiping-place for a few days, from which difterent parties 
could proceed to e.vamine the several localities in the neighborhood 
which promised to be interesting. These were the adjacent mountain, 
called the "Traveller," and .some of its spurs; the rock formation at 
the dam at the outlet of the lake a mile or two above; the Stair F.dls 
below and liowlin I'ond; jerry Lake and Murchs or Horseshoe Lake 
on the eastern section of the township. The trap-rock of the moun- 
tains, the "Silurian rock of the Stair F.ills," and the fossiliferous lime- 
stone in and about Murch's Lake afforded localities of interesting re- 
search and employment to the geologist. Suites of specimens from 
each were collected, all of which were enumerated and described in 
Prof Hitchcock's final report. They also obtained many interesting 
specimens in the several departments of natural history, especially in 
ornithology, entomology and botany. 

The ami {Corviisomx), the large red-headed woodpecker {/'/,■„, 
piUatui). and several other rather rare birds, were here procured. 
While I'rof H. with a parly proceeded up Grand Lake (Mont.igamon)! 
the rest proceed to the exploration of the eastern portion of the town- 
ship and the lakes in that section. The first point of ex.imin.iiion was 
liowlin Hond. Nothing very interesting presented itself in this vicinity 
except the remains of immense pines which were destroyed by the fires 
m 1825, the trunks of which were mostly fallen to the ground and l.iy 
quietly mouldering away. .\!1 of them were large, .md some of tliJiii 
of enormous dimensions. 

This was once undoubtedly one of the must he.ivily timbered sec- 
tions of any part of Maine, In threading their way slowly over the 
fallen inonarchs of the forest, they could not but be struck with evi- 
dences of the vast loss that had accrued to the State by the sweeping 
of fires through its forests and timber-lands. Millions of dollars could 
not repKice the yalue or m.ike good the destiuction thus made. Some 
who pretend to know the facts, asserted that the ores which caused the 
destruction of the timber in this particular locality, «ere intentionally 
set by w.ay of revenge for the loss of some hay burnt by some of the 
employes of the Laiid.\gent, which hay belonged to .some of the tres- 
passers on the public lauds. If this be true, it was a revenge the ef- 
fect of which will live long after us perpetrators have passed aw.iy 
and which mor.- than one generation will look upon with regret. Miidi 
of this timber w.is cut and earned away soon after its being bui 111 but 
thousands and thousands of these once stately jnnes l.iy strewed about 
h.iving fallen m every direcuon. 'j-iie growth that has newly sprung 
up on the ground thus divested of its former m.ignihcent growth is 111 
strange contrast with the sue and grandeur of the dead trunks below 
them. It consists principally of white birches, poplars, and wild cher- 
ries. If the theory of alteriiaiiiig growth be true, thought Ur Holmes 
it would well if another conllagr.ition would clear the present incum- 
bents of the soil, and allow a new race of pines to begin their "rowth 
and to make good, in the coiiise of years, the loss of their ancestors 
The shores of this lake are low anil rocky. The rocks are principallv 
tr.ip-rock. broken and strewed in profusion over the surface. Abund.int 
signs of moose, deer, and be.u were met with, and occasionally an otter- 
slide was seen on the margin of the lake, but the animals themselves 
were careful 10 keep themselves out .,f the »ay. Sm,il.,r rock forma- 



tions b-it not quite so many decaying trunks of heavy pines, were found 
on the way from Howlin to Jerry Lake. The western shore of this lake 
was the terminus of the r.iiiiblee.isiwar.l from the camp. Turning to a 
northwesterly course, they traversed the section betueen tliis° and 
" Murchs" (Horseshoe) Lake. About a mile east of the stream, ..r 
outlet of the l.ist-named lake (the waters of which pass into Bowlin), 
uhile travelling over a well-timbered hard-wood ridge, the party sud- 
denly came to one of the l.ngest boulders they had ever seen. It stands 
comparatively alone, isolated, as it were, in the midst of the forest. It 
is closely surrounded by a thick and heavy growth, while from its top 
have grown up another forest of stately tree,, far overtopping those of 
the forest around and below them. This boulder is composed of the 
encrinal or fossiliferous limestone, the site of which was afterwards 
found further west. It was ascertained on measurement to be 200 feet 
in circumference. Its walls or sides were nearly perpendicular, though 
worn and furrowed by the abrasion of water, either before or since its 
removal from its parent-bed. The height was 18 feet, and the area on 
the top nearly as large as at its base and quite level, and was covered 
with a small wood-lot. A soil had, by some means, been formed there 
and birches, maples, and ced.ars had sprung up and grown, some of 
them, to the sue of eight or ten inches in diameter. In one ot its clefts 
a family of hedgehogs [ErMizon donatus] had taken up their resi- 
dence, but were too snugly ensconced in their "lair" to allow intruders 
to reach them. It was found that, although a "feeble folk," like the 
cony of old they had "built their liouse in the rock,' and defied ene- 
mies to dislodge them. So the ex|)lorers "left them .done in their 
glory." and passed on. 

llelore starting on this expedition they h.td received several v.igue 
accounts <.f an island iua lake somewhere in the neighborhood of Bow- 
lin, m which uere sundry galleries and a cave of curious form and con- 
struction, "not in.rde with hands." At the Hunt farm Deane Murch 
gave a new edition of the story about as indefinite as those they had be- 
fore heard, ,iik1 also stated that he had himself, some thirty years be- 
fore, when out hunting, seen that same island, and thought he could 
again find it, and that it was in one of the Bowlin chain of lakes As 
he was with the party, it was one of the objects, when they arrived "at 
Camp Johnston, in No. ,. to make an exploration and ascertain the 
truth in regard to the island cave, and fix its location more definitely and 
certainly, if location it had. On account of the uncertainty of its 
whereabouts It was thought acKisable to begin the search at the lower 
li.iulin, and proceed upward, exploring the kikes u, course until they 
h.ad found the island, the rock, and the eve in qii, s.iun, provided any- 
thing ol the kind uere there. L'p to this point of the search they had 
found nothing that h.id the most distant indication of anythin- of the 
kind, and poor Murch began to think that his sight of the rock^that he 
had told of was a dream or a delusive vision thrown over him by I'o- 
moola [the Indian devil, who. unless i)ropitiated by s|)eci.il service was 
always bringing hunters into trouble], on account of some deliniiuency 
111 his service. They judged, however, th.it, from the frequent and pt 
cuh.irly emphatic use of Ih. iiinie of th.u venerable old demon and the 
accompanying unmistakably expressive anathemas uttered by him in 
his disappointment thus fu, Pomoola could have no fault to find with 
him on that score. The discovery of the huge boulder just described 
confirmed the belief of the existence of the island. It «as concluded th it 
this was one of its fragments, and that, judging from its sue the parent 
bed could not be far oft'. It was near night when they h.ul finished the 
examination. They therefore went on about a half a inile to the stream 
before mentioned, and camped. 

E.,iiy ne.xt morning Louis and Murch uere directed to follow up the 

stream until they came to the lake, while the rest were eng.iged at the 

camp, and to return and report. In the course of a couple of hours 

Murch returned, .umouncing, uithgre.it glee, that he had found Jus 

l„kc and the island they were 111 pursuit of-that Ins ch.iracter for truth 

and ver.Kity was fully vindicated, for, strange as ,1 may seem it was 

the very spot where he h.id seen it thirty years ago. The party ac 

cordmgly went back with him to explore the locihty. Leaving the 

stream, and |)roceedmg ,n a noithwesteily direction over a low rid"c 

of hard-wood lanti, they found an abundance of boulders and also'a 

Icdg.- of the fossiliferous limestone of the same ch.iracter as the large 

boulder just described and as those found at the Grand Falls the 

Hunt I'.irm, and as low down the river as 'Whetstone Falls After a 

w.ilk of about three-fourths of a mile from camp, they came to Murch's 

L.ike, usually called, from its shaiJe, Horseshoe Lake. At the westerty 

end of this l.ike, and a few rods from the shore, was the long sought for 

isl.ind. -I he water w.as sufficiently low to allow wading to the spot It 

proved to be a portion of the limestone ledge they had just passed r,s 

ing from the water about 20 feet, and say from 200 to 300 feet m cir- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



19 



cumference. Its lop was covered with bushes and small trees. The 
caves talked about proved to be large tubes or tunnels from three to 
four feet in diameter, worn smoothly, as if by running water, in a hori- 
zontol position, completely through or across the island. These tunnels 
are'at the base of the island, and, of course, when the water in the lake 
is high, are nearly or quite submerged. They are at right angles to 
each other. The water was sufficiently low to allow the visitors to 
creep through them. At the place where they cross each other is a 
room, or cavity, not C|Uite eight feet in diameter and about five feet in 
height. There are three others commenced, but they pass only a little 
way before they run mto one or the other of the main tunnels. This 
lime-rock, as before stated, is fossiliferous, and contains several species 
of organic remains, and the whole of this portion of the lake is floored 
over, as far as e.tamined, with the same rock, the flooring being quite 
level, and is covered with a fine silt or deposit of limestone particles, 
which render the water turbid when disturbed at the bottom. Here, 
then, is the site or parent bed of the limestone boulders, which had 
Ijcen found scattered along the pathway from Whetstone Falls to the 
lake. The questions, which an examination of the place gave rise to. 
are: What has worn these tubes or tunnels through this solid rocky 
islet? There is no current of waters in the lake, and if it had been 
done by currents of water, why are they woin at right angles to each 
other? Was the site of this lake, or this portion of it. once a ridge or 
mountain of limestone, which has been carried away by some tremen- 
dous sweep of waters and ice, and a basin thus excavated down to the 
present flooring of the lake, leaving only the lonely island before us as 
a witness of its former location? These queries and others of similar 
import can be answered only, if answered at all, by facts obtained by 
more extended and rigorous observation and research than we were 
able to make at the lime of this visit to the place. 

Havmg finished the brief examination, and collected specimens of the 
rock, the scienti-sts went back to their tent, packed up, and started on 
the return to Camp Johnston. On their arrival, they met Prof. Hitch- 
cock, who, with Messrs. Goodale and Packard, had gone up the river to 
Trout Brook Farm, and returned, leaving the others to await their ar- 
rival. They had examined the sides and summits of the Traveller and 
other mountains near by, the rock formations at the outlet of the lakes 
and its shores, and the next day started again m company with others. 
Two miles above the camp above the camp they came to the dam at the 
outlet of the Grand Lake (Montagamon). This dam had been built by 
a company of the proprietors of townships above, and was as firm 
and durable a structure as could be built of timber. At this place 
commences the extensive chain of lakes which are found in this 
section of the wild lands, and which occupy so large a portion of the 
summit territory betvseen the waters of the Penobscot. Aroostook, 
Keimebec, and St. John. They also found here the commencement of 
a series of dams and other improvements, built at great expense by the 
proprietors above named, extending from the foot of this (Grand) lake 
to the foot of Church Lake, at the head of the Alleguash, one of the tit. 
John tributaries, giving them control of the waters of eight or ten lakes 
and extending more than eighty miles. By ihese dams and one or two 
locks, they not only husband the waters in these vast reservoirs, but are 
enabled to bring great quantities of lumber from the St. John waters, 
which would otherwise have to float down that river, instead of run- 
ning down the Penobscot, as it now does. They are enabled to do this 
by the slack water caused by the flowage of the several dams, by which 
immense rafts of lumber are floated across the lakes and through their 
several connecting thoroughfares. When all the logs of the winter's 
operations have thus been brought down to the lower dam, the gates 
are all opened and the accumulated waters let loose, which gives a 
freshet sufficient to float them down to the booms above Oldtown. 
where they are caught and secured for use until they are called for. 
The thorough structure of these fixtures, and the liberal expenditure 
over so large an area of country, reflect much honor on the enterprise 
and energy of the proprietors, and the doctor had no doubt were found 
to be profitable investments in a pecuniary point of view. At any rate 
they are instrumental in giving the Penobscot lumberman successful 
triumphs over the obstacles of nature, hardly rivaled in any other 
country. They noticed, however, another inevitable result of such flow- 
age. Thousands of acres of splendid interval land, on the banks of the 
streams flowing into and the connecting thoroughfares of these lakes, 
are submerged a great part of the year. As a natural consequence, the 
beautiful forest growth, with which they were once covered, was killed 
and falling in every direction. This gives an unpleasant appearance to 
the otherwise beautiful scenery, and to the eye of an agriculturist seems 
to be rather a wanton destruction of so much valuable soil. But it 
belongs to those who flow it, and they have a right to use it in such 
way and manner as shall give them the most profit. 



Between Grand and Second Lake, or, as the Indians call them, Mon- 
tagamon and Montagamonsis, is a wide extent of tliis now submerged 
interval land. On the western upland margin of one of these tracts, 
on Trout Brook, No. 7, in R. 9, the Messrs. Pingree & Co. have made 
an excellent farm (Trout Brook FaJm). We found this farm under 
the management of Mr. Berdeen. assisted by three hired men. It is 
in rather a retired situation, being about thirty miles from any other 
human abode. The soil is excellent and very productive. It is prin- 
cipally devoted to the production of hay, but grain and roots are also 
raised in abundance. 

This is the farm more lately owned by Mr. E. S. Coe, 
of Bangor, which will be found mentioned by and by, in 
the narrative of Mr. Steele. The party had now passed 
out of Penobscot county, beyond which we need not 
follow them. 

FROM M.\TTAVVAMKEAO TO THE ST. JOHN RIVER. 

The description of the geology of this section of country includes 
the geology of the East Branch of the Penobscot; of Mt. Katahdin; 
of Webster Creek and Lake; of the Alleguash lakes, and the Alle- 
guash river, or the district travelled over in August and September by 
our large exploring party, whose history has already been given. 

We use only that part falling within this county. 

The rock at Mattawamkeag is talcose schist, a member of the clay- 
slate formation, dipping 64 degrees southeast. In ascending the Pe- 
nobscot we find alternating layers of clay slates, occasional talcose 
schists, and grits, all the way to the Pond Pitch of the Grand Falls. 
At the mouth of Salmon Stream, in the southeast corner of Nicatou, 
these grits and slates dip 70 degrees northwest, making an anticlinal 
axis with the rocks at Mattawamkeag. A mile above Salmon Stream 
the dip is 50 degrees northwest, and still further 60 degrees north- 
west. 

Boulders of marble, along with slate, granite, etc., are everywhere 
seen in the bed of the river. A mile and a half below the village of 
N'icatou there are two small and very pretty alluvial terraces on each 
side of the river. The island at the junction of the two branches of 
the Penobscot is the remnant of a high gravel delta terrace, deposited 
by the West branch. Another part of the same terrace is at the fork 
itself Back from the river coarse drift with boulders everywhere shows 

itself 

Two miles up the East branch, at Ledge Falls, the rocks are slate, 
grit, andconglomeiate, very much distorted, but with an average dip 
of 60 degrees northwest. It is an interesting locality for examples of 
small plications of the strata, and also for examples of cleavage planes 
and lamiuje crossing the strata. The two planes cross the strata at 
various angles from 30 to 40 degrees. The strata stand upon their 
edges at the north end of the Falls. Some of the strata are bent, so 
that portions of them resemble a row of fossil upright trunks of trees. 
The layers are both thick and thin-bedded. A conglomerate composed 
of large pebbles of calcareous slates is imbedded in the grit. A short 
distance north these pebbles are flat and elongated. A quarter of a 
mile north of the Falls the strata are perpendicular, running north 70 
degrees west. 

Two terraces are found on both sides of the river through most of 
the town, and at Mr. Hiram Fish's house they are remarkably beauti- 
ful. Their material is gravel. Higher up there are three and four ter- 
races rising above one another in regular succession. In the south part 
of No. I, "there is a patch of clay a rod long and rising 10 feet above 
the water, which is set into coarse and fine gravel just as if it had been 
elevated from beneath. It was probably deposited in a deep hole in 
the gravel bed. 

The solid rocks grow more slaty in ascending the river. At the lo- 
cality of the clay in No. ., the clay slate dips 88 degrees northwest. A 
few rods above is a gray grit having the same position. At the Rocky 
Rips, above the mouth of Meadow Brook, the grits dip 75 degrees 
northwest. Half a mile above is a band of clay slate, with the strike 
north 28 degrees east, and a southeasteriy dip of 80 degrees, or making 
a sharp svnclinal axis with the strata at Rocky Rips. At Grindstone 
Falls the'rocks are alternating strata, as before, of clay slates, fine grits 
and quartz rock, dipping from 85 degrees east to 90 degrees south- 
easterly. Numerous boulders of granite fill the bed of the river at the 

Falls. 

On the east side of the river at the I'alls are crushed ledges of slates, 
analogous to interesting examples found in Vermont. The ledge on 
the east side of the river is high-say 3ofeet-and ncariy perpendicular, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



i 



but at its bottom at the water's edge are fragments of slate whicli have 
been broken off, scattered along at intervals of 20 rods. This pile of 
fragments is several feet thick, but is greatly reduced in size from what 
it has been, because the spring freshets have washed away many pieces 
from year to year. The force breaking off the strata appears to have 
come from the southeast. If one could imagine that a great rock 20 
rods long happened to fall from the skies upon this particular spot, the 
results would be similar to wliat may now be seen. 

The theory has been proposed that these ledges were crushed by the 
toppling over of icebergs when the country was under the ocean, or 
that a huge wave elevated an iceberg, so that wlien the wave receded 
the iceberg fell upon and crushed the ledges. Professor Hitchcock 
thought the present case could be ascribed to frost and gravity. The 
water at the base wears away the bottom of the cliff and weakens the 
rocks there. The water which enters the fissures of the rock weakens 
the ledges still more by freezing. And as a heavy mass of snow and 
ice has accumulated in the winter upon the top of the cliff, it may be 
that its weight, combined with the weakening of the strata beneath, 
will cause the upper part of the ledge to fall down and present this 
crushed appearance. A similar example he had seen had removed all 
the debris before that time. Where these examples of crushed ledges 
occur upon the southeast slopes of hills, it is conceivable that the strata 
were broken off by the drift. 

This is a fine region for terraces, as compared with the rest of the 
State. One upon the west side of Godfrey's Falls is 72 feet above the 
river. From its top there is a fine view of Mt. Katahdin. 

At the upper part of the falls the strata dip 60 degrees northwesterly. 
At Crowfoot Rips m No. 2, R. 7, the slaty rocks dip 80 degrees south- 
east. The lapids here are produced by the fall of the water over nu- 
merous blocks of granite. Beautiful blue clay is found in this township. 
About Brown's island the sand is cemented into alluvial sandstone by 
the peroxides of iron and manganese. -At the Bear Rips the slates dip 
75 degrees southeast. A large number of boulders of the Lower Hel- 
derberg limestone were found at Whetstone Falls, containing in great 
abundance encrinal remains and the coral Favosites Gothlaniica. 
These boulders in the township above are very large, one of them being 
14 feet in diameter, and it would seem as if their souice could not be 
far distant. The clay slates and grits at these falls dip 65 degrees 
southerly. The prevailing dip thus far is northwesterly, but we have 
passed over two anticlinal .and two synclinal axes at least, since leaving 
Mattawamkeag. 

From Mr. Hunt's place Professor Hitchcock made a 
visit to Mt. Katahdin, guided by the Rev. M. R. Keep. 
He notes that — 

The path traveled from the Hunt farm _to the loi> of Katahdin was 
struck out by Mr. Keep, to whom the State donated a quarter of a 
township in consideration of his services upon the mountain lands. 

On the east bank of the river, just above Mr. Hunt's house, there is 
a bank of gravel and sand whose strata are inclined at an angle of 
twenty-five degrees south, and must have been deposited over a steep 
slope. Some of the strata are consolidated by a ferruginous cement. 
At this place we found in boulders of loose sandstone a number of 
fossils of Lower Devonian type, coming probably from the Devonian 
cocks above. These boulders are different from those seen on the west 
side of Mount Katahdin. We suspect the range of mountains west of 
the East Blanch, in Nos. 3 and 4, to be composed of trap-rock. They 
have also somewhat of a sandstone aspect. 

A short distance above Hunt's farm, in No. 3, the same clay slates 
that were described below No. 3 occur, running north lo degrees east 
and dipping 80 degrees east. Beyond, the strike is north 20 degrees 
east and the dip 73 degrees east. There is a large amount of clay 
along the river at the mouth of the Seboois. The boulders on the 
river's banks are now mostly sandstones, conglomerates, honestones, 
and slates, very rarely any of granite. A few miles higher, the granite 
disappears altogether. 

Professor Hitchcock ascended Lunksoos Mountain on the west side 
of the river, and found its top to be 1,378 feet above the river, by the 
aneroid barometer. This mountain forms the boundary line between 
Townships Nos. 3 and 4, and appears to be composed of the same 
rocks as the range of peaks in No. 3. Lunksoos mountain is entirely 
composed of trap, a tough variety without any columnar seams. He 
had a fine view of the country all about this mountain, and in his 
note-book speculated "a considerable" about the geological character 
of the various hills and valleys observed, but did not give his surmises 
in his report. He was sure, however, that a mountain five or six miles 



northwest from Lunksoos is composed of granite, as he coidd see thg 
white rocks composing it both from here and from Katahdin. 

In Number Four of the Seventh range, the grit-rocks dip 60 degrees 
southeasterly. .A similar ledge, called Suffer's Rock, has strata dip- 
ping 65 degrees southeast. At the mouth of Big Spring Brook in No* 
5, R. 8, a horseback commences, which extends rather more than a mile 
to Bowlin Falls. Its material is unusually coarse, and boulders of 
granite predominate in it. Here the strata of slate and grit dip 50 de- 
grees northwesterly, forming an anticlinal with the strata previously 
observed. 

The surveyors had now arrived at the Clrand Falls, which consist of 
seven difterent smaller falls, all of which have different names, and are 
found m a straight line, in a distance of three miles, but more than 
this if the course of the river be measured. The following are their 
names, in ascending order; Bowlin Falls, Hull Machine, Grand Pitch, 
Pond, Upper Pitch, and Stairs Falls, which consists of two parts. 
The same clay slates and grits at the Hull Machine dip 12 degrees 
northwesterly. At the Grand Pitch the grits prevail, alternating with 
thin bands of clay slate, standing perpendicular and running north 40 
degrees east. The fall of water here is quite great and very beautiful. 
Large boulders of conglomerate are common here, such as are presently 
described in place. The strata of slates above the Grand Pitch dip 54 
degrees southeast. Close by the Pond Pitch the last of the slates ap- 
pears, running northeast and standing perpendicular. It was thought 
there are two anticlinal and two synclinal axes between Hunt's Farm 
and Pond Pitch, or four anticlinal and four synclinal axes observed in 
this group of strata above Mattawamkeag. Hence they had crossed 
the same strata eight times on this section. 

.■\t the Pond Pitch trap rock is found in place, which continues to 
the L'pper Falls. In climbing a hill w'est of the falls they found a few 
rods' thickness of slate and quartz rock before reaching the trap con- 
stituting the hill, which appears to be the continuation of the trap of 
Lunksoos Mountain. The junction between the trap and conglomer- 
ate above was not noticed, but they suspected the trap to be bedded 
and related to the conglomerate, just as the trap rocks of Perry under- 
lie the Devonian conglomerates and sandstones of that region. In a 
figure of the Report is represented the relative positions of the under- 
lying slates, the trap rock, and the coarse conglomerate about to be de- 
scribed. 

At the bottom of Upper Falls the party were struck at once by the 
great change in the character of the rock. They found an exceedingly 
coarse conglomerate composed of pebbles of various hornstones, jas- 
pers, slates, and occasionally grknite, averaging two inches in diame- 
ter, and sometimes three feet through. Rarely seams of slate, and in 
one place several feet thickness of a calcareous rock, occur with the 
pebbles. It is difficult to ascertain the true position of this rock, but 
Prof Hitchcock considers the following as the normal one : Strike 
north 65 degrees west , dip 45 degrees north. The same layers are trav- 
ersed by cleavage planes running north 18 degrees east and inclined 
83 degrees east. This rock must be about 150 feet thick, and is evi- 
dently the base of the following series of rocks to be described. Very 
large boulders of fossiliferous linrestone abound in the vicinity of the 
Falls, whose course must be quite near. 

.Above the Upper Falls, the rocks consist of fine-grained, dark-col- 
ored sandstones, having a peculiar conchoidal fracture, like clay. On 
account of the rain he had no time to stop and examine them closely. 
At Stair Falls, the ledges cross the river so as to make a series of falls, 
like a pair of stairs. The strata dip 40 degrees northwesterly, and are 
composed of sandstones of different textures and colors. Some of the 
ayers contain a Irilobite, a new species of the genus Dalmanitcs, At 
the upper pitch of the Stair Falls, the dip of the strata is a httle higher. 
A little yellow ochre is found in the sand ou the banks. 

The party staid a few days at Johnston's Camp, in the central part of 
No. 5, R. 8, partly to recruit and partly to explore the vicinity. At the 
camp is the finest locality of Devonian fossils yet seen in Maine, but 
the ledges do not appear — the specimens are entirely in loose frag- 
ments, whose source must be very near. Among the specimens are 
such characteristic forms of the Oriskany sandstone as i\\eRt-» /ischna 
ovoidcs. The fossils are entirely marine mollusca. The rock is a 
loosely cemented sandstone, very much like the Oriskany sandstone of 
New York, but unlike the Oriskany sandstone of Maine, as already de- 
described. 

A very high range of mountains appeared west of the camp, one peak 
of which was ascended. Boulders, frequently of enormous size, of red 
sandstone, are abundant between the camp and the mountain. They 
are so large that no can doubt that they came from the base of the 
mountain. The mountain itself is composed of a beautiful drab-colored 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



21 



silicious slate, weatlieriiig grayish while, whose strata at the summit 
run north 70 degrees west and dip 40 degrees northerly. This Traveller 
•» is the isolated conical peak lying to the northeast of a much higher 
range of mountains, which has received the same name, but must be 
nearly a thousand feet higher. The peak is 1,622 feet above the river 
at its base; 625 feet below the summit is the lowest at which the Liri- 
dta geogritphica is found. The same silicious slates were found a small 
pond in No. 5, R. 6. just over the line. 

Dr. Holmes made an excursion to the east part of No. 5. R. 8, and 
found at Horseshoe Pond, in the northeast corner of the township, a 
large mass of hmestone containing the Favositcs Golhhindica and 
crinoidal joints, which belongs to the Lower Helderberg group of 
Upper Silurian rocks. This rock probably crosses the East branch, 
but escaped notice in consequence of being covered by alluvium. Its 
strike is northeast and southwest. There is a small island in the pond, 
composed of this white limestone, in which there is a cave. About a 
mile west of the pond, the doctor reports an enormous boulder of 
limestone, upon which trees 10 inches in diameter are growing. It is 
r8 feet high, and 198 feet in circumference. It is on the top of a hil 
300 feel above the pond. Between the limestone and Stair Falls, the 
rocks are fine, dark-brown sandstones, somewhat similar to those at 
Stair Falls. 

Approaching the dam at the fool of Matagamon or Grand Lake, m 
No, 6, R. 8, we find red sandstones, which are still more abundant 
and bright-colored at the dam itself, although black argillaceous seams 
are found with it. The strata dip 40 degrees northwesterly. Numer- 
ous fossil marine mollusca are found at the dam, several of them very 
large, together with some marine vegetation, while remains of land 
plants are fouud further north on the west side of the lake. Half a 
mile below the dam are fossils resembling those collected at Johnston's 
Camp. 

Passing northerly, is found a steep, high ledge or mountain, known 
by an inelegant name, which is a little back from the lake, and proves 
to be silicious slate, being a continuation of this rock from the Travel- 
ler. Calcite, chalybite, or spathic iron, and traces of manganese oc- 
cur m this slate, often in nodular masses. These slates would seem to 
be the results of the alternation of the sandstones, unless there has 
been a great dislocation of the strata, for the sandstone layers do not 
seem to have been disturbed at all by them. The sandstone is found 
to continue on both sliores about half-way up the lake. The most 
northern strata seen have the strike north 70 degrees east, and dip 15 
degrees northwesterly. 

The geologist supposed these sandstones to be the equivalents of the 
Gaspe sandstones of Canada. Theie is a very fine opportunity for 
studying this group, both lithologically and paleontologically, in the 
region of Grand Lake, and also its connection with the Katahdin 
rocks. The Gaspe sandstones are 7,000 feet thick. The Grand Lake 
strata are certainly as thick as the Gaspe. 

He next came to a class of rocks entirely different from the sand- 
stones, consisting of black slates and slaty limestones, often very much 
permeated by cleavage planes. He referred this rock in his map to 
Silurian in part and Devonian in part, with a very indistinct notion of 
its proper place. The first ledge of it has the strike of north 55 de- 
grees east, and its strata are perpendicular. The rocks in the neigh- 
borhood are very much contorted, while the sandstones are not, just 
as if the slates were largely disturbed and elevated before the deposi- 
tion of the sandstones. Further north the slates dip from 45 to 50 de- 
grees northwest. Numerous small curves are found among them. On 
Louis Island the slates dip 42 degrees south, making a synclinal with 
the strata first observed. The cleavage planes are developed in these 
ledges at right angles to the strata. 

On the south side of Trout Brook Farm in No. 5, R. 9, upon a hill, 
a hornstone is developed, apparently dipping 45 degrees southerly. 
The hill appears to be the northern terminus of the Traveller range. 
It is probably underlaid by the slates just described on Grand Lake, 
which crop out upon the same hill. 

GEOLOGY OF THE SEBOOIS. 

The Seboois river joins the East Branch of the Penobscot in No. 3, 
R. 7. At its mouth the banks are alluvial. The rock first seen is the 
clay slate series, which on the East branch is found to extend as high 
as the Pond Pitch. This extends to the upper part of No. 4, dipping 
80 degrees east. Peaked Mountain in this township is composed of a 
conglomerate, i)robably a part of the series found between the Grand 
Falls and Grand Lake. Large beds of limestone, containing the 
Favosites Ciothlaiidica , which are probably the Lower Helderberg 
series, arc also found about the mountain. The mountain has been 



cut through by a huge mass of trap, which has produced changes on 
the adjacent strata. The southern peak is composed of amygdaloid 
and hornstone. This is supposed to be the same with the trap below 
Pond Pitch. The central peak is comjrased of coarse conglomerate 
traversed bv veins of calcite. Boulders of red sandstone are fijund on 
the surface. The top of the mouittain is 660 feet above the river. 

Above this mountain, the river finds its way among precipices of 
sandstone, 200 or 300 feet high. .At the mouth of Jerry Brook, on the 
west bank of the Seboois, in No. 5, K. 7, red sandstone appears, dip- 
ping 75 degrees southeast. Sugar Loaf, on the east side of the Seboois, 
1900 feet high, is composed of sandstone and clay .slate cut through 
by a dike of trap 500 feet wide. The slates adjacent to the trap have 
been changed into jasjjer, hornstone. and compact feldspar. Nodules 
of calcite and epidote occur in the amygdaloid part of the ti-ap. The 
jasiier bed is 10 feet wide. 

At Chegalapscagos F'alls, red slate rocks are found, dipping north- 
westerly 80 degrees. Above the falls luimerous dikes of trap rock and 
masses of jasper abound. Large boulders of the fossiliferous Helder- 
berg limestone are also found in the vicinity. In the south part of No. 
6, the red slates dip 60 degrees N. W., then to the S. E., and presently 
to the N. W. again. At Godfrey's Falls, in about the middle of No. 
6, the rocks are slates. Near the first Seboois Lake in No. 7, there is 
a fine development of the Lower Helderberg limestone. It is 90 feet 
wide, a bed inclosed in sandstone and brecciated by the intrusion of 
scoriaceous trap. Encrinites and the common favosite coral abound in 
the rock. Some parts of the bed are described as a good marble. 

The rocks upon the third Seboois Lake are argillaceous limestones, 
sandstone, and trap. No rocks are observed upon the La Pompique 
stream. 

Dr. Holmes, in passing from Matagamon Lake, on the East Branch, 
up Hay Brook, found perpendicular seams running through slate, with 
an east and west direction. About a mile above the mouth of the 
Mooseluck stream, in No. 8, R. 8, he found a ledge of coarse conglom- 
erate. 

HELDERBERC LIMESTONES AND M.\RBLES. 

Dr. Holmes made a report upon these ,to Professor 
Hitchcock, from which we extract soine paragrajjhs: 

.Among other objects of this expedition, I was requested to trace 
what I could of the localities and boundaries of the lower Helderberg 
marbles, or limestone formations that occur in this section of the State, 
and report to you. I have done in regard to it what the shortness of 
the time and the lack of some facilities allowed me. The more and 
further I searched into this branch of our geological formations, the 
more impressed I became of the ultimate value they will be to this sec- 
tion, and indeed to the whole State, and of the importance of longer 
time being devoted exclusively to their study and examination. .\ 
belt or formation of rock which, as I found, stretches in a continuous 
direction across not less than fi\e townships, occasionally cropping out 
and at each locality of its appearance exhibiting surroundings and ac- 
companiments each of different character, could not be thoroughly 
explored and all its characteristics .ascertained in the three or four 
weeks allotted to this section, and that lime interrupted by a search 
for objects pertaining to other branches of natural history. 

On page 364 of your first report, in speaking of the geology of the 
VVassattiquoik while on yout way to Katahdin, you observe that 'on 
the Wassittiquoik, near its mouth, we found ledges of a blueish quartz 
rock very evenly stratified. . . . .Above them, on the 

bank, the boulders and large masses of limestone similar to those seen 
at Whetstone falls are so numerous that we believe the rock to be in 
place close by, certainly less than half a mile, if indeed we did not find 
it in place.' 

Your conjectures were right. Had you turned and gone up the 
north branch of the Wassitticjuoik a little way into townshi]) 4, in the 
9th range, you would have found the site from which the boulders you 
saw started. It is the first locality, or cropping out of this belt of the 
lower Helderberg formation, east of Mt. K.atahdin.* 

I was not able to give this locality a personal examination, but ob- 
tained reliable description of its location from a person (Mr. David 
Malcolm, of Pattenj who had visited the spot, clambered over the 
bluff it formed on the bank of the siream, and showed me specimens 
of the rock identical in their composition and structure with the rock 
which I visited last year in March's lake, in the next township north- 
east of this (No. 5, R. 8.). 

• This is undoubtedly the first belt of rock from which the boulders of fine 
statuary marble, discovered in 1861, were derived. C. H. H. 



22 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Considering its geological position and surroundings this locality is 
one of peculiar interest, situated as it is almost at the base of Katah- 
din, with its granite battlements guarding it on the west and south — 
the trap rocks of the Lunksoos range on the north, and the quurtz rock 
of the Maine Wassattiquoik on the east. I leave it to you and other 
geologists to decide the seniority of age and priority of occupation of 
these several formations, and to explain by what arrangement of nature 
this rock, so full of the remains of organic life, was placed in almost 
juxtaposition with such azoic neighbors. The one full of tangible 
proofs of an age teeming with aquatic animal and vegetable life and 
ex'liibiting through its structure the outward forms and shapes of former 
living tenants of an ocean in which they existed, and from which they 
drew their sustenance ; the others the very reverse of this — hard, crys- 
talline in feature — silent as to any definite condition of the past — giving 
no sign of any association with life at any period — their clearest mani- 
festations being those of an escape from heat of great intensity, and of 
convulsive earthquakes which have shaken and shivered the neighbor- 
ing mountains and scattered their rough and angular fragments on 
every side. Whatever may be the theoretic speculations on this subject" 
one thing is certain. When the advance of settlement up the Penob- 
scot shall bring mankind in grearer numbers into this section, and the 
accumulations of thrift and industry shall enable them to erect mills 
and houses and public buildings, they will here find no dearth of most 
durable material for the same — no scarcity of granite and lime and 
marble to meet all the demands and purposes that may be ever required 
for architectural strength, endurance and beauty.* 

The general direction of the strata is northeasterly. The extent of 
the formation I am not able to give. It becomes covered by the soil, 
and is hidden from view. Pursuing the general course of the strike, 
which leads you in a direction across the township diagonally, it 
again turns up at the Tunnel rocks in Murch's or Horseshoe lake in the 
next township. No. 5, R. 8. As a pretty full description of this local- 
ity has been given in last year's report, it will not be necessary to sav 
more here in regard to it. It is well, however, to note it, as being the 
next link in the chain of these Helderberg formations, the existence of 
which this survey has been instrumental in discovering. 

The next show of it, on this line of strike, is that discovered by 
Dr. Jackson, at the foot of first Seboois lake, an extract from whose 
description you gave in your first report (page 413). On his authority 
It is stated to be in township No. 7. I did not arrive at the rock in 
place when at that lake, but judging from the range of the boulders 
and other observations, 1 think, instead of being in No. 7, it is in 
upper, or northeast part of No. 6 of the 7th range. + 

Dr. Jackson also describes a locality of this rock on Peaked moun- 
tain, in No. 4 of R. 7. I have not seen this, but if it is identical with 
the rock in question, it must belong to another belt, as it is east of the 
range of the belt we are describing. 

Continuing our course, we next find a splendid locality of it crop. 
ping out near the northeast corner of lot 16 in No. 7, R. 6. I explored 
this ledge some years ago. It breaks up from a comparatively levej 
plain, forming an abrupt, precipitous ledge on one side, fifteen or 
twenty feet in height. Its true location had been lost for several years, 
and some who had sought for it were unable to find it, until last autumn, 
when from directions given them Messrs. Baston and Chase, of Rocka- 
mabe, succeeded in again discovering it, a description of which he gave 
in a letter to me published in your report (page 320). I look upon this 
ledge as a very valuable one. Specimens from it were put into the 

hands of a marble-worker, who found that it received a good polish 

worked free and made good corners, and was compact and even or 
uniform of structure. Its proximity to the Aroostook road, and the 
ease with which it can be quarried, render it a feasible and valuable 
source from which to obtain marble or lime, to meet the wants of a 
growing community. 

The next indication of this formation occurs in a line of the course 
hitherto pursued fiom No. 4, on or near the northern line of No. 8, R. 
5. Boulders of Helderberg rock are found here, but the true spot of 
their original site has not yet been ascertained, and future explora- 



"* .'Vt Whetstone Falls a kw miles below, on the Penobscot, is a splendid water 
power with a good site for buildings. Had the State reserved the fee of the soil 
in itself, and given proper enconragement to .settlers, there would long since have 
been a thriving village here. E, H. 

t It is very difficult, if not impossible, in a dense forest and in the absence of a 
correct plan based upon an actual survey, to give the true geographical position 
of any rock. In this particular we realized the truth of the remark of Sir Wil. 
Ham Logan, Principal of the Canadian Geological Survey, in which he declares 
"accurate topography is the foundation of accurate geology." 



tion will be needed in that place to make it eertain. Here ended my 
hurried and of course imperfect search for this species of rock forma- 
tions in this part of the State. They are deserving a longer and more 
careful scrutiny, which shall develope more fully both their geological 
and economical characteristics. I consider these formations, or beds, 
to be exceedingly interesting, not only on account of the intrinsic value 
of such rocks, in and of themselves, as affording a source from which 
to obtain marble for monumental or ornamental purposes, or excellent 
lime for cements or agricultural applications, but also for the geological 
teachings and testimonials they give of the period far back in the ages 
when this portion of Maine was submerged 'neath the ocean, and 
crinoid and coral and sea-fern and mollusk flourished on its shores aird 
in its deep soundings, as they now do in the tropical seas of the South 
— interesting, too, for the story they tell of the singular changes that 
have taken place in the condition of the materials which compose them, 
of the hardening into stone of the soft ooze, while full of animal and 
vegetable life, embracing and still exhibiting their organic remains as 
clearly and distinctly as when they flourished in it in the vigor of actual 
life, for the unmistakable evidences they give of the mighty upheaving 
of this ancient bed of the sea, and its disruption into mountain masses 
in obedience to the laws and commands of Him 

"Who thundered, and the ocean fled." 

ABOUT PATTEN. 

Dr. Holmes says in his report to Professor Hitchcock : 

.As it required some little time, after arriving at Patten, to prepare 
for a tour in the forest, what leisure I had was spent in excursions in 
that vicinity. The rock formation in this neighborhood, as you have 
stated in a former report, I found to be slate. In some localities I 
found it to exhibit good qualities for roofing slate. 

On the premises of Hon. Ira Fish, about a mile and a half from the 
village, and on the north bank of the Mill stream, this slate crops out 
in the form of a bluft'of moderate height, from which we obtained ex- 
cellent specimens. From a cursoiy examination, as far as the sur- 
rounding forest would allow, I am led to the conclusion that a good 
quarry might be opened here, with a prospect of its yielding a large 
supply of this useful material of very fine quality. It cleaves leadily, 
giving a smooth, even surface, and possesses the requisite tenacity to 
allow of its being dressed and pierced, or punched in the usual manner. 

A large portion of the boulders found around the village of Patten 
are conglomerate. None of this rock is found here in place except in 
one locality, 'i'his was in the bed of the stream, near the lower grist- 
mill. One of the abutments of the bridge, which crosses the stream 
diere, is built upon it. The extent of it is not manifest, as if soon dips 
below the bank and is hidden deeply in the earth. But little granite is 
seen after you pass above Lincoln. 

Professor Hitchcock adds the following: 

Dr. Holmes has described opportunities for ciuariying roofing slate 
near Patten. Our own scientific researches have led us to define more 
closely the limits of the roofing-slate belt, upon which the best tjuarries 
are located, from Patten to Pleasant Ridge on the Kennebeck river. 

FURTHER CONCERNING SL.\TE. 

Among the metamorphic rocks along the coast southeast from 
Portland, patches of clay slate are occasionally seen, as in Biddeford, 
Saco, and Scarborough. It was noticed by the State geologist to ex- 
tend from the west line of Scarborough (on the Saco road) to a point 
beyond Dunstan corner. The strata run northeast and southw'est, and 
are nearly vertical. 

The next deposit of clay slate is of immense extent. Beginning in 
the southwest part of Waterville, it proceeds thence into Winslow, and 
probably through Unity and Jackson, to the north part of Frankfort. 
On the east side of Penobscot river it appears in the north part of 
Bucksport, running down into the west part of Oriand, northeasterly 
through Orrington, Holden, and Eddington. From this point it is not 
known whether the southern border-line of the clay slate extends direct- 
ly to Princeton, or whether it passes to Princeton around the west and 
north sides of Hancock county. The belt of clay slate in the northern 
part of Washington county is probably connected with the main de- 
posit, but it must make the northeastern termini of the slate fork- 
shaped. After taking up the line again at No. 10, R. 3, in Washington 
county, we can carry it but a short distance on account of the unex- 
plored region in the south part of Aroostook county. The slate, how- 
ever, disappears before reaching Houlton. Upon the Aroostook road 
we can find the northwestern side of the clay slate and carry it westerly. 
The western border is found in the village of Patten, where it lies side by 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



23 



side with talcose schist. It passes over toward the East branch of the 
Penolwcot. then runs up the Seboois river to Godfrey's Falls, and crosses 
over to the west side of the east branch of the Penobscot river at the 
Grand'Falls. Thence it returns down the &ist branch to No. 2. when 
it runs over to the North Twin Lake. Thence it proceeds in a direct 
course to the south end of Moosehead Lake. From here it runs to the 
forks of the Kennebec river. Changing its course it runs down the 
Kennebec (or perhaps to a point near Mt. .\braham| to Bingham; 
thence eastwardlv to the vicinity of Parkman; thence southwesterly to 
Norridgewock, and southeasterly to Waterville, whence Professor Hitch- 
cock commenced to draw the line. Those who follow this Ime upon 
the map will perceive that a vast territory is enclosed by it. 'hough of 
an exceedingly irregular shape. It includes all the settled portions of 
Piscataciuis and most of Penobscot counties. 

Much of the clav slate over this area is of a fissile and easily de- 
composing character, so that it is useless for economical purposes. In 
the northeastern portions it is often more properly a fine-grained sand- 
stone, associated with layers of clay slate, and rarely of limestone. In 
Piscataquis county there is much limestone connected with the slate. 
The most valuable portion of the slate, or the variety called roofing 
slate, is in Piscataciuis county, passing into the counties adjoining. 
The relations of the clay slate to the more thoroughly metamorphic 
rocks of the southwest and south sides, are yet unkno« n, e.fcept at 
two or three localities, which are of too little value to allow of general- 
ization. Occasionally a mass of granite has protruded through the 

slate. 

We give a few details respecting the occurrence and position of the 
slate at various localities. The strata on the west side of Penobscot 
river below Bangor are inclined to the northwest, and aie underlaid at 
Frankfort by mica schist. The clay slate in southeast Bucksport and 
tlie west part of Orland foims an anticlinal axis, which is overiaid on 
both sides by hornblendic rocks— possibly metamorphosed clay slates. 

The following observations of the strike and dip of the clay slates in 
Penobscot county were taken by Mr. Houghton during the season of 
1862 : Brewer, strike north 50 degrees east, dip 27 degrees northwest. 
Orrington, north part 70 degrees east, dip from 50 to 70 degrees north- 
west. Further south, strike north 80 degrees east, dip 60 degrees 
northerly. Just north of the village of South Orrington, strike east and 
west, dip 75 degrees north. Argillo-micaceous slate from West 
Bangor to Carmel %vith the folloNving positions :— In Bangor, near J. 
Eastman's, strike north 55 degrees east, dip 30 degrees northwest; in 
Hermon. at Craig's house, dip 60 degrees northwest; west of do., 
strike north 63 degrees east, dip 60 degrees northwest ; at Hermon 
Centre, strike north 60 degrees east, dip 75 degrees north-west ; at 
East Carmel, strike north 73 degrees, dip 60 degrees northwest ; fur- 
ther west, strike north 45 degrees east, strata vertical; at Carmel 
Centre, strike north 70 degrees east, dip 75 degrees southeriy ; at North 
Etna, strike north 70 degrees east, dip 70 degrees northerly, and also 
strata vertical. The common clay slates have the following positions : 
in the northeast corner of Plymouth, strike north 45 degrees east, dip 
75 degrees southeast; in Northwest Plymouth, strike north 55 de- 
grees rast, dip from 70 to 83 degrees southeast; in South Plymouth, 
strike north 70 degrees west, dip 45 degrees southerly; in North Di.x- 
mont, strike north 50 degrees east, dip 75 degrees southeast, also 
north 55 degrees south; at the Newburg line, dip 70 degrees north- 
west, and strike north 70 degrees east, dip 78 degrees northwest. In 
Hampden Centre the dip is 35 degrees northwest. Thus it is seen 
that the northwest dip is the most common for the slates near Bangor; 
but it is not the only one. The presence of axes will enable us to 
reduce greatly the supposed thickness of the slates. 

This point is illustrated by examining the observations in a line cross- 
ing the clay slate from Patten to Bucksport. From Patten to a point 
three miles' north of Molunkus village the dip is northwcsteriy. Thence 
to the Five Island Hotel in \\'inn the dip is southeasterly. From this 
point to three-fourths of a mile below the village of Passadumkeag the 
dip is northwesterly again. Thence to the south part of Milford the 
dip is southeasterly. The strata for the distance to Bucksport pro- 
bably dip northwcsteriy. But they dip southcasteriy as they disap- 
pear in Oriand. On this section there are then five axes— three 
anticlinals and two synclinals. 

Some of the slates about Bangor are so thickly glazed with plumbago 
as to have been mistaken for coal. They are largely talcose. and are 
occasionally traversed by dikes. The following is the general structure 
of the formation between Bangor and Barnard: At Bangor the dip is 
the northwest. This changes soon to southeast, which continues to 
Charieston. There it changes again and dips northwest. This dip is 
not continued long, for the rocks soon dip southcasteriy, and do not 



change again till we arrive at a point two and a quarter miles north of 
the south line of .Atkinson. Then the dip is to the northwest, which 
continues to Barnard. The character of the rock as far as .Atkinson is 
very much like that of the strata in Bangor. The layers are often ir- 
regular, and are traversed by veins of quartz. Beyond Atkinson the 
strata-planes are more regular and better adapted for (luarrying. The 
strata at the quarries are nearly perpendicular, and incline northerly. 
The character of the rocks at Brownville and in the vicinity of the Ka- 
tahdin Iron Works is essentially the same. 

Rev. M. R. Keep, of .Ashland, wrote as follows to the Geologist 
concerning some of the roofing slates of Northern Maine: 

"There seems to be in Aroostook county a distinct variety from the 
Brownsville slate and others in common use.. That which has the most 
rift and seems likely lo be worked some day for use and for market, is 
of a light blue color, and veiy soft, much like the Rutland freestone 
pencils, that are much preferred to the bUick pencils for their softness, 
and have come into use lately. My attention was first drawn to this 
fact in noticing some specimens in No. 9, R. 5, near what is called the 
'Hews Place,' on the Aroostook Road near Masardis. In that region 
considerable quantities are found scattered over the surface, and the 
main ledge is visible in several places, but has not been opened yet. 
So far as the stone is concerned, some of the best writing slates I ever 
saw have been made from that owned by Mr. Robert Ready and men 
in his family. I have one of them in my possession, which as a speci- 
men indicates the best (juality of stone for writing as \vell as roofing 
slates that I ever saw. The rift is most perfect, free and even, and the 
texture soft, so as to make good pencils for use on the same or other 
slate. This same kind of slate and neariy the same quality is found in 
No. 5, R. 5. also in Patten." 

WORKING THE SI...\'1E. 

Some notice of the extensive slate quarries near Brown- 
ville, Piscataquis county, a locality formerly in this county, 
seems proper in this history. 

The Bangor or Piscataquis Slate Company opened the 
first slate quarry at Brownville in 1843. I's annual pro- 
duct soon amounted to twelve thousand squares, which 
readily sold in Bangor for an aggregate sum of thirty to 
forty thousand dollars. Sixty men were employed, and 
about twenty-five thousand dollars a year were paid out 
in wages. 

The famous quarries of A. H. Merrill, Esq., mainly at 
Brownville, were opened for trial in 1846, Mr. Merrill 
then owning one fourth share. The tentative efforts 
made soon warranted the expenditure of larger sums and 
the production of an increased quantity. With the 
changes of the year Mr. Merrill finally became sole 
owner, and remains such to this day. The latest statis- 
tics from his works we have seen represent a force of 
eighty men as steadily employed, and a yearly i)rodu(:t 
of thirty thousand squares as being turned out, invoking 
an annual expenditure of seyenty-live thousand dollars. 
Fifteen hundred acres of land arc occupied in the vari- 
ous operations of Mr. Merrill. His quarries are two 
miles from Brownville village. Until the railroad is 
completed to a more convenient point, he sends his pro- 
duct by teams lo Milo Station, on the Bangor & Pisca- 
taquis railway. 

"HORSEBACKS." 

We quote from Professor Hitchcock as follows: 

A curious class of alluvial ridges are found in great abundance in 
Maine, and scarcely occur out of the State, which are known by the 
provincial name of "horsebacks. " They are found mostly in the un- 
settled districts, and have never been carefully explored by geologists. 
We are not ready to theorize upon their origin until more details of 
their structure and distribution are known. In general they may be 
described as narrow ridges of coarse gravel and sand, from thirty to 
forty feet high, situ.tted in a level conntry, with sometimes an undulat- 



24 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ing summit, and the two ends are of nearly tlie same elevation above 
the ocean. With this general statement, we proceed to specify their 
localities so far as they are known to lis. 

The horsebacks are not common in the western counties. 
In Charleston there is a horseback running north 15 degrees west, cor- 
responding with the course of the drift stride in the neighborhood, 
which is four miles long. On each side of the ridge are peaty swamps 
of great e.\tent. A branch strikes off from this ridge in a curvilinear 
direction. 

Mr. Houghton gives tlie following account of a horseback in the 
south part of Plymouth: "The horseback that runs through Plymouth 
pond, over which the road passes, is interrupted just south of the pond 
by several gravelly knolls, presenting an interesting field for investiga- 
tion. One has an abrupt hollow in the top of it, extending, I should 
think, to near the level of the pond, in the bottom of which is a clayey 
puddle. To the south of tliese the horseback is continued with greater 
height and steeper sides, and is said to e.ttend uninterruptedly to near 
the centre of Troy. It is interrupted in the north part of Plymouth 
pond, and its place as a road is supplied by a floating bridge. It is 
hardly discernible to the north again till we arrive on the north side of 
Plymouth hill, which has cut acioss it. From this hill it e.Ntends to 
Newport pond. Its general direction is north and south. It runs a 
few degrees west of north in Plymouth pond. Its total length, so far 
as examined, is ten miles. In North Dixmont there is a large meadow 
on the west side, and a mill stream on the east side of the ridge. Upon 
the east side of the ridge there is an unfailing mineral spring eight feet 
above the mill stream. It appeared to me that this spring could not 
have come from the meadow upon the west side of the ridge, because 
it is higher up. What, then, is its origin?" 

The writer was informed of a very long horseback on the west side 
of Penobscot river, commencing at Orono, and extending through 
Oldtow, n.^lton, Argyle, Edinburg, Howland, Maxfield, and two N6. 
3 townships to the West branch of the Penobscot. This would make 
the horseback fifty miles long. Part of its course would lie along Se- 
boois stream. 

One of the scientific reporters says: 

We rode over a large horseback in Enfield for an eighth (jt a mile, 
and the ridge extended further. A smaller one runs from Lincoln into 
Enfield. Rev. Mr. Keep informs us that there is a horseback extend- 
ing from the Indian township at Mattawamkeag Point to Bradley, on 
the other side of the Penobscot; another in Nos. 2 and 4 of Penob- 
scot county west of Sisladobsis Lake, .nnd a third in Levant and 
Corinth. 

The stage road passes over an interesting horseback between Ken- 
duskeag and Corinth. The road first strikes in the west part of the 
village of Kenduskeag, and continues upon it for three miles to a cem- 
etery in South Corinth, It appears to extend somewhat further in both 
directions. Its general direction is northwesterly; but there are changes 
and curves in it, whose precise nature may be ascertained by noticing 
upon the map of Penobscot county the course of the stage road. This 
ridge is wide and not so high in proportion to its width as is most com- 
mon. It is of the whaleback type, like the example in Aurora, Hancock 
county. Its altitude is estimated at from twenty to fifty feet, and its 
width from six to fifteen rods. It starts from the lee side of a large but 
low hill, and the northwest end is higher than the soutffeastern. A cut 
through it reveals a section of gravel j^recisely like the ideal sketch of a 
horseback. 

MAKBLli AND LIMESTONES. 

The marbles lo be found in Maine occur chiefly upon the belt of Hel- 
derberg limestone running from Matagamon (East Branch Penobscot) 
river northeasterly. Other localities of good limestones were visited 
during the geological survey. That at Carroll, says Professor Hitch- 
cock, surpassed anticipation; and similar beds can be fonnd in the 
vicinity and in adjoining towns. Here lime was manufactured exten- 
sively, three to five hundred barrels being then produced annually upon 
the farm of Mr. Gates. The State Geologist also found on the east 
branch of the Penobscot boulders of a very fine statuary marble, speci- 
mens of which may be seen at the State House. It is, he said, one of 
the most promising specimens of marble we have seen anywhere in the 
State. Without doubt these boulders were derived from a strip of 
Lower Helderberg limestone, running through the whole of the north- 
ern part of the State, and very possibly in two or three different belts. 
It may belong to the same belt with that discovered by Dr. Jackson in 
No. 7, R. 7. 

Beds of azoic limestone occur in Dexter, Hampden, Oldtown, Carroll, 
and in boulders uiion the Penobscot river. Tho.se in Dexter and Car- 



roll are of great value. In Dexter the beds are numerous. One upon 
Mr. Crowell's land is blue, very extensive, with only 10 per cent, of im- 
purities. It runs nearly east and west, and dips 80 degrees southerly. 
Mr. Fish's limestone is similar to the preceding, but contains veins of 
calcite; 89.1 per cent, of it is carbonate of lime. Another blue com- 
pact of limestone, containing 78. i per cent, of carbonate of lime, is 
found upon L. PuUen's farm. That on John Puffers farm contains 84 
per cent, of carbonate of lime. A few calciferous slates are interstrati- 
fied with these beds, but the prevailing rock is clay slate. The explorers 
found boulders of a beautiful azoic marble on the Penobscot river, be- 
tween Winn and No. 3. Their source cannot be far distant. 

Th;re are seven patches of the Lower Helderberg group, "mostly lime- 
stone;, in the north part of the State. One is at the base of Squaw 
Mountain at the southwest end of Moosehead Lake, adjacent to mica 
schist, and not unlikely of the same age. It is a calciferous slate, 
nearly vertical, containing the Favosites Gothlandica. The character 
of Squaw Mountain is not known. Another locality of the Lower 
Helderberg is on an island at the lower end of Ripogenus Lake. The 
rock consists of beds of gray limestone m slats, and appears both at 
the lower end of the island and on the opposite shores. The limestone 
contains the same coral as before. .Some of the rock is brecciated. 
This locality is adjacent to novaculite slate and to granite. The report 
did not say whether these two localities are isolated parts of one belt, 
l)ut presumed that careful exploration would connect them together, as 
well as trace the rock a great distance northeasterly beyond the Pe- 
nobscot. 

The other localities exhibit a limestone as the characteristic rock of 
the group. Probably some of the slates and sandstones adjacent are 
of the same age. One locality was discovered by Dr. Holmes, at 
Horse Shoe pond, in No. 5, R. 8. It contains the characteristic coral 
in abundance, and there is a great cave in the limestone. Another 
limestone, probably of this age, is in No. 7, R. 7, near the mouth of 
the Seboois river. It is 90 feet thick, and has been partially altered 
by a trap dike. It may produce a marble when the demands of the 
county shall require its use. This bed probably extends down the 
East Branch of the Penobscot river, as boulders of the rock were found 
as far down as Winn, which did not appear to have been transj^orted 
very far. 

MANUFACTURE OF LIME. 

A table of localities where lime is made, with the 
percentage of quicklime in the stone quarried there, was 
prepared for the geological report. The finest limestone, 
it was stated, can afford but little inore than fifty per 
cent of lime. From this statement the relative values of 
the different beds of stone may be easily ascertained. 
Dexter is the only Penobscot county town named in this 
table. I'Vum the stone at E. Crowell's quarry, 50.6 per 
cent of quicklime was manufactured; from the Fish 
quarry, 50.1 per cent; from John Puffer's, 47.2. Hamp- 
den is enumerated among many places where a lime of 
poorer quality, but still suitable for agricultural purposes, 
may be obtained. 

Observations had also been made of a belt of very 
excellent lime-making limestone at the following points: 
On Moosehead lake, at Ripogenus Falls on the West 
branch of the Penobscot, in boulders on the East branch 
of the Penobscot all the way from Winn to the Grand 
Falls, on Horseshoe pond in No. 5, R. S, in No. 4, R. 7, 
in No. 6, R. 7, in No. 7, R. 7, in No. 7, R. 6, in Ash- 
land, in No. 13, R. 5, in No. 13, R. 7, and on the west 
side of Square Lake. 

TRAP ROCK. 

We quote: 

On the Aroostook ri\er, trap appears near Ashland and at the falls, 
where it joins the St. John River. Another mass of trap appears 
between the Pond Pitch and the Upper Falls on the East branch of the 
Penobscot. It appears to correspond in its general character and posi- 
tion with the trap in Perry, which underlies the Devonian sandstone, 
for the rock at the Upper Falls, overlying the bedded trap, is a coarse 
conglomerate of the same age as that m Perry. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



25 



Boulders of a fine amygdaloidal trap are common all along the East 
liranch, the Seboois, and the Upper Aroostook rivers. East of Mount 
Katahdin, upon the East branch of the Penobscot, and upon the Sc- 
boois-river, there are immense masses of trap, forming mountains and 
perhaps ranges. Lunksoos mountain, on the Penobscot, and Peaked 
mountain, on the Seboois, are examples. 

Trap dikes were noticed in the following localities: In Hanipilen. 
on the west side of Penobscot river, and in Hancock and Ellsworlli. 

Most of the granite in Maine is found in its western and southeastern 
counties, yet is by no means wanting in the more northern portions. 
The region of Mt. Katahdin shows an immense development of it, 
from the unexplored region cast of Mooseliead Lake to the East 
branch of the Penobscot. The Katahdin mountains, rising suddenly 
out of a rolling country to a great height, illustrate the topographical 
mode of the development of this rock very finely. 

There appears to be a range of granite and syenite from Island Falls, 
N'o. 4, R. 4. on the Mattawanikeag river, to Linneus and New Limer- 
ick. Boulders of granite are exceedingly numerous at the north end 
of Churchill Lake, and the ledges cannot be far distant. The general 
absence of granitic boulders in Northern Maine shows, as well as the 
nature of the rocks in place, the great difference in the geological and 
agricultural character of the two districts. The absence of granite is 
generally partial evidence in favor of a good soil, which evidence is 
strengthened by other considerations in the case. 

We venture to assert that there is not a mountain in Maine, frag- 
ments of which will not be found scattered over the country to the 
south or southeast. The granite of the Katahdin region is scattered 
over the soutliern part of Penobscot county, and the rocks of Mt. 
.Abraham and Mt. Blue may be recognized among the boulders of 
Kennebec county. 

SUNDRY GEOLOGIC.\L NOTES. 

From various parts of the later State Geological Re- 
ports, are selected remarks concerning Penobscot county, 
which have not been used hitherto in this chapter. 

Terraces are not very abundant in Maine, although they 
are sufficiently common to excite attention. They are 
often chosen for the sites of villages or of tasteful private 
dwellings. All the large streams of the State are lined 
by them more or less — as the Piscataquis, the Saco, Pre- 
sumpscot, .\ndroscoggin, Kennebec, Penobscot, St. John, 
and St. Francis rivers. They are well develojied in Ber- 
wick, Brunswick, Waterville, Lewiston, between Bangor 
and Lincoln on the Penobscot, and on the east branch of 
the same river between Medway and No. 4. 

There is doubtless a large amount of talcose schist in 
the immense clay slate formation in the central part of 
the State. Over much of this area the two rocks are in- 
terstratified, the latter predominating. The rock between 
Mattawanikeag Point and Lincoln, on the Penobscot 
river, is really more like the schist than the slate. There 
is talcose schist also in Charleston and Dixmont. 

The fossils from the loosely consolidated red sand- 
stones of the Washington county group are scattered 
along the east branch of the Penobscot river. But we 
do not find them in |)lace until we arrive at the Grand 
Falls in No. 5, R. 8. 

.'^rgyle is named as one of several points where occur 
extensive deposits of bog-ore, often of sufficient extent 
for the manufacture of iron. 

In Dixmont are found sulphated chalybeate springs, 
containing carbonate acid in solution. 

TR.WELLEKS' NOTICES —STEELE. 

Some of the most vivid sketches of scenery and civili- 
zation along the Penobscot and its branches are com- 
prised in the narratives of tlie tourists. They arc often 

4 



men of culture, who see things with the eye of the artist 
or scientist; and their relations are replete with pictur- 
est|ue character and information. One of the best of 
these is one of the most recent — Mr. Thomas SedgwMck 
Steele, writer, artist, and active business man, of Hart- 
ford, Connecticut, whose little book on Canoe and 
Camera: A 200-mile Tour through the Maine Forests, is 
one of the most entertaining sketches of travel in the 
language. He entered the wilderness by way of Moose- 
head lake and the west branch of the Penobscot, passing 
across Chesuncook and Chamberlin lakes to the chain of 
small lakes and rivers that brought him to the borders of 
Penobscot county at Lake Matagamon. Between this 
and the Matagamonsis water, upon a site just west of the 
Penobscot line, Mr. Steele claims the discovery of a small 
lake, about two miles in extent, not yet upon any other 
map thin his, and which fitly, from him, takes the name 
of Steele lake. The tourist makes pleasant notice of the 
fine farm on the Trout Brook stream, owned by Mr. E. 
S. Coe, of Bangor, who has extensive luinber interests in 
this region. His narrative thenceforth lies altogether in 
Penobscot county. We make enough extracts from it to 
convey a good idea of the character of the East Branch 
of Penobscot and the adjacent scenery : 

.After dinner at the house, our party bade our new-found friends adieu 
and paddled down the Thoroughfare into Grand or Matagamon lake, 
which is about one-third longer than Lake Matagamonsis, and went 
into camp at its foot, on the right bank, near another old dam. 

The eastern shore of this lake (the largest body of water on our 
course smce leaving Chamberlin lake) is not especially attractive to the 
artist, being low and covered with meadow grass. But the western is 
decidedly picturesque, being bold and rocky, which, climbing from ele- 
vation to elevation, finally culmmates in the precipitous and rugged 
peak of Matagamon moutain, towering above one's head to the height 
of 600 feet, and is almost divested of foliage. We halted but one night 
on this lake, but were well rewarded by the number and size of the fine 
trout captured, adding also to our creel a small salmon. 
From Grand lake to the junction of the East with the West branch of the 
Penobscot it is 60 to 75 miles, the river being shut in on all sides by 
lofty mountains, or heavy belts of grand old forests, through which the 
swift river tumbles, with only an occasional suggestion of the lumber- 
man's axe. 

There are eleven conspicuous falls in this interval, varying from 20 to 
00 feet in height, while the charming cascades are too numerous to 
mention. The abrupt descents bear the names of Stair, Haskell Rock, 
Grand, Pond Pitch, Hulling Machine, Rowling, Spring Brook Gravel 
Bed, Whetstone, Grindstone, Crowfoot, and Ledge Falls, their names, 
ill many cases, suggesting their wild and rugged formation. 

The water swept so swiftly through this section that, with the excep- 
tion of the last 20 miles, it was hardly necessary to use our paddles, but, 
keeping an eye to the rocks in our path, we could silently enjoy the 
many lovely changes constantly opening in the landscape. 

But this also was decidedly the hardest part of the entire excursion. 
.'\t most of these falls, our whole camp equipage, provisions, and canoes 
had to be "packed" around the falls from one to two miles, and in 
manv cases there was hard climbing along the steep, rocky sides of the 
mountains which followed the river's course, while each one of us car- 
ried his portion of the load. , . Along the river's bank 
to the west, for many miles, are the lovely Traveller mountains, whose 
rambling appearance and daily companionship are fully represented by 
their name. 

Stair Falls the Quartermaster and my.self ran in our canvas canoes, 
but the guides, tending their birches as if they were glass, dropped them 
from step to step by means of ropes. . . . After passing 

Spring Brook Gravel Bed F.alls, we paddled through a mile or two of 
luavy "rips " and entered some two miles of " dead water." 

On turning a beautiful bend in the river, what was our surprise to ob- 
serve the rugged growth of pines gradually disappear, and the landscape 
immediately softened by the introduction of a den.se forest of maple, 
elm, ash. and noble oak trees, whose gnarled trunks puslieil themselves 



26 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



far into the stream, the branches overlocking above our heads and 
forming a canopy that darkened the water. 

Exclamations of surprise rang from our lips as all the canoes, in 
"Indian file," drifted through the enchanting bower, and we thought to 
ourselves, if in the quiet dress of summer this is so lovely, what must it 
be when clothed in autumnal foliage ? 

THOREAU. 

One of the most remarkable tourists who ever inade 
an excursion up or down the Penobscot valley was 
Henry I). Thoreau, the self-taught naturalist and hermit- 
philosopher of Concord, and author of several books — 
Excursions, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack 
Rivers, Walden, and The Maine \Voods — which are re- 
markable for their descriptive power, and the minuteness 
and clearness of observation they display. Thoreau was 
here in 1846, on his way to the ascent of Mt. Katahdin. 
He left Bangor in a buggy September ist, with one 
companion, for Malta wamkeag Point. His narrative 
proceeds : 

Within a dozen miles of Bangor we passed throngh the villages of 
Stillwater and Oldtown, built at the falls of the Penobscot, which fur- 
nish the principal power by which the Maine woods are converted into 
lumber. The mills are built directly over and across the river. Here 
is a close jam, a hard rub, at all seasons; and there the once-green tree, 
long since white, I need not say as the driven snow, but as a driven 
log, becomes lumber merely. Here your inch, your two- and your 
three-inch stuff begins to be, and Mr. .Sawyer marks off those spaces 
steel which decide the destiny of so many prostrate forests. Through this 
riddle, more or less coarse, is the arrowy Maine forest, from Ktaadn 
and Chesuncork, and the headwaters of the St. John, relentlessly sifted, 
till it comes out boards, clapboards, laths, and shingles such as the 
wind can take, still perchance to be slit and slit again, till men get a 
size that will suit. Think how stood the white-pine tree on the shore 
of Chesuncook, its branches soughing with the four winds, and every 
individual needle trembling in the sunlight; tliink hew it stands with it 
now, — sold, percliance, to the New England Friction-Match Co. ! There 
were in 1837, as I read, 250 saw-mills on the Penobscot and its tribu- 
tories above Bangor, the greater part of them in this immediate 
neighborhood, and they sawed 200,000,000 of feet of boards annually. 
To this is to be added the lumber of the Kennebeck, .'\ndroscoggin, 
Saco, Passamaquoddy, and other streams. No wonder that we hear 
so often of vessels which are becalmed off our coast, being surrounded 
a week at a time by floating lumber from the Maine woods. The mis- 
sion of men there seems to be, like so many busy demons, to drive the 
forest all out of the country, from every solitary lieaver-swamp and 
mountain side, as soon as possible. 

At Oldtown we walked into a batteau-manufactory. The making 
of batteaux is quite a business here for the supply of the Penobscot 
River. We e.\arrined some on the stocks. Tliey are light and shapely 
vessels, calculated for rapid and rocky streams, and to be carried over 
long portages on men's shouldeis; from twenty to thiity feet long, and 
only four or four and a half feet wide, sharp at both ends like a canoe, 
though broadest forward on the bottom. .... There 
was something refreshing and wildly musical in my ears in the very 
name of the white man's canoe, reminding me of Charlevoi.\ and Cana- 
dian voyagers. The batteau is a sort of mongrel between the canoe 
and the boat, a fur-trader's boat. 

The ferry here took us past the Indian island. As we left the shore 
I observed a short, shabby, washerwoman-looking Indian — they com- 
monly have the woe-begone look of the girl that cried for spilt milk 

just from "up river," land on the Oldtown side near a grocery, and, 
drawing up his canoe, take out a bundle of skins in one hand and an 
empty keg or half-barrel in the other, and scramble up the bank with 
them. This picture will do to put before the Indian's history — that is, 
the history of his extinction. In 1837 there were 362 souls left of this 
tribe. The island seemed deserted to-day, yet I observed some new 
houses among the weather-stained ones, as if the tribe had still a design 
upon life; but generally they have a very shabby, forlorn, and cheerless 
look, being all backside and woodshed, not homesteads, even Indian 
homesteads; but, instead of home or abroad-steads, for their life is 
domi aut militia:, at home or at war, or now rather venatus — that is, 
a hunting, and most of the latter. Tha church Is the only trim-looking 
bnilding; but that is not Abenaki, that was Rome's doings. Good 



Canadian it may be, but it is poor Indian. These were once a power- 
ful tribe. Politics are all the rage with them now. I even thought that 
a row of wigwams, with a dance of poww'ows and a prisoner tortured 
at the stake, would be more respectable than this. 

We landed in Milford, and coasted along on the east side of the 
Penobscot, having a more or less constant view of the river and the 
islands in it; for they retain all the islands as far up as Nicatou, at the 
mouth of the East Branch. They are generally well-timbered, and are 
said to be better soil than the neighboring shores. The river seemed 
shallow and rocky, and interrupted by rapids, rippling and gleaming in 
the sun. 

It was the Houlton road on which we were now travelling, over which 
some troops were marched once toward Mars' Hill, though not to 
Mars' field, as it proved. It is the main, almost the only road in these 
parts, as straight and well-made, and kept in as good repair, as almost 
any you will find anywhere. Everywhere we saw signs of the great 
freshet, — this house standing awry, and that where it was not founded, 
but where it was found, at any rate, the next day; and that other with 
a water-logged look, as if it were still airing and drying its basement, 
and logs with everybody's n;arks upon them, and sometimes the marks 
of their having served as bridges, strewn along the road. We crossed 
the Sunkhaze, a summery Indian name, the Olemon, Passadumkeag, 
and other streams, which make a greater show on the map than they 
now did on the road. 

At sundown, leaving the river-road awhile for shortness, we went by 
way of Enfield, where we stopped for the night. This, like most of 
the localities bearing names on this road, was a place to name, which, 
in the midst of the unnamed and incorporated wildness, was to make 
a distinction without a difference, it seemed to me. Here, however, 
I noticed quite an orchard of healthy and well-grown apple-trees, in a 
bearing state, it being the oldest settler's house in this region; but all 
natural fruit, and comparatively worthless for want of a grafter — and 
so it is generally lower down the river. It would be a good specula- 
tion, as well as a favor conferred on the settlers, for a Massachusetts 
boy to go down there with a trunk-full of choice-scions, and his graft- 
ing apparatus, in the spring. 

The next morning we drove along through a high and hilly country, 
in view of Coldstream Pond, a beautiful lake four or five miles long, 
and came into the Houlton road again, here called the military road, 
at Lincoln, 45 miles fi-om Bangor, where there is quite a village for this 
country — the principal one above Oldtown. Learning that there were 
several wigwams here, on one of the Indian islands, we left our horse 
and wagon, and walked through the forest half a mile to the river, to 
procure a guide to the mountain. It w-as not till after considerable 
search that we discovered their habitations — small huts, in a retired 
place, where the scenery was unusually soft and beautiful, and the 
shore skirted with pleasant meadows and graceful elms. 

There were very few houses along the road, yet they did not alto- 
gether fail, as if the law by which men are disjsersed over the globe 
were a very stringent one, and not to be resisted with impunity or for 
slight reasons. There were even the germs of one or two villages just 
beginning to expand. The beauty of the road itself was remarkable. 
The various evergreens, many of which are rare with us — delicate and 
beautiful specimens of the larch, arbor-vita;, ball-spruce and fir-balsam,' 
from a few inches to many feet in height — lined its sides, in some 
places like a long front yard, springing up from the smooth grass-plats 
which uninterruptedly border it, and are made fertile by its wash; 
while it was but a step on either hand to the grim, untrodden wilder- 
ness, whose tangled labyrinth of living, fallen , and decaying trees only 
the deer and moose, the bear and wolf, can easily penetrate. More 
perfect specimens than any front-yard plot can show, grow there to 
grace the passage of the Houlton teams. 

About noon we reached the Mattawamkeag, 56 miles from Bangor by 
the way we had come, and put up at a fret[uented house still on the 
Houlton road, where the Houlton stage stops. Here was a substantial 
covered bridge over the Mattawamkeag, built, I think they said, some 
17 years before. We had dinner — where, by the way, and even at 
breakfast, as well as supper, at the public houses on this road, the 
front rank is composed of various kinds of "sweet-cakes," in a contin- 
uous line from one end of the table to the other. I think I may safely 
say that there was a row of 10 or 12 plates of this kind set before us 
two here. To account for which, they say that, when the lumberers 
come out of the woods, they have a craving for cakes and pies and 
such sweet things, which there are almost unknosvn, and this is the 
supply to satisfy that demand. The supply is always equal to the de- 
mand, and these hungry men think a good deal of getting their mon- 
ey's worth. No doubt the balance of victuals is restored by the time 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



27 



Ihey reacli Bangor— Mattawamkeag takes off the raw edge. Well, 
over this front rank. I say, you, coming from the "sweet-cake" side, 
with a cheap, philosophic indifl'erenee though it may be, have to as- 
sault What there is behind, which I do not by any means mean to 
insinuate is insufficient in quantity or quality to supply that other de- 
mand, of men, not from the woods, hut from the towns, for venison 
and strong country fare. After dinner we strolled down to the Point, 
formed by the junction of the two rivers, which is said to be the scene 
of an ancient battle between the Eastern Indians and the Mohawks, 
and searched there carefully for relics, though the men at the bar-room 
had never heard of such things: but we found only some flakes of 
arrow-hrad stone, some points of arrow-heads, one small leaden bul- 
let, and some colored beads, the last to be referred, perhaps, to early 
fur-trader days. The Mattawamkeag, though wide, was a mere rivers 
bed, full of rocks and shallows at this time, so that you could cross it 
almost dry-shod in boots; and I could hardly believe my companion, 
when he told me that he had been fifty or sixty miles up it in a bat- 
teau, through distant and still uncut forests. A batteau conld hardly 
find a harbor now at its mouth. Deer and caribou, or reindeer, are 
taken here in the winter, in sight of the house. 

Early the ne.\t morning we had mounted our packs, and prepared 
for a tramp up the West Branch, my companion having turned his 
liorse out to pasture for a week or ten days, thinking that a bite of 
fresh grass and a taste of running water would do him as much good 
as backwoods fare and new country influences would his master. Leap- 
ing over a fence, we began to follow an obscure trail up the north bank 
of the Penobscot. There was now no road further, the rivet being the 
only highway, and but half a dozen log-huts, confined to its banks, to 
be met with for 30 miles. On either hand, and beyond, was a wholly 
uninh.abited wilderness, stretching lo Canada. Neither horse nor cow, 
nor vehicle of any kind, had ever passed over this giound; the cattle 
and the few bulky articles which the loggers use being got up in the 
winter on the ice, and down again before it breaks up. The evergreen 
woods had a decidedly sweet and bracing fragrance; the air was a sort 
of diei-drink; and we walked on buoyantly in Indian file, stretching 
our legs. Occasionally there was a small opening on the bank, made 
for the purpose of log-rolling, where we got a sight of the river — always 
a rocky and rippling stream. The roar of the rapids, the note of a 
whistler-duck on the river, of the jay and chickadee .around us. and 
of the pigeon-woodpecker in the openings, were the sounds that we 
heard. This was what you might call a brand-new country; the only 
roads were of Nature's making, and the few houses were camps. 
Here, then, one could no longer accuse institutions and society, but 
must front the true source of evil. 

There are three classes of inhabitants who eithei frequent or inhabit 
the country which we had now entered — first, the loggers, who. for a 
part of the year, the winter and spring, are far the most numerous, 
but in the summer explorers for timber completely desert it; second, 
the few settlers I have named, the only permanent inhabitants, who 
live on the verge of it and help raise supplies for the former; third, 
the hunters, mostly Indians, who range over it in their season. 

.■\t the end of three miles we came to the Mattaseunk stream and mill, 
where there was even a rude wooden railroad running down to the Pe- 
nobscot, the last railroad we were to see. We crossed one tract on the 
bank of the river, of more than a hundred acres of heavy timber, which 
had just been felled and burnt over, and was still smoking. Our trail 
lay through the midst of it, and was well-nigh blotted out. The trees 
lay at full length, four or five feet deep, and crossing each other in all 
directions, all black .as charcoal, but perfectly sound w ithin , still good for 
fuel or for timber; soon they would be cut into lengths and burnt again. 
Here were thousands of cords, enough to keep the poor of Boston and 
New York amply warm for a winter, which only cumbered the ground 
and were in the settler's way. And the whole of that solid and inter- 
minable forest is doomed to be gradually devoured thus by fire, like 
shavings, and no man be warmed by it. . . . 

I walked through Salmon River with my shoes on, it being low water, 
but not without wetting my feel. A few miles farther we came to 
"Marm Howard's," at the end of an extensive clearing, where there 
were two or three log huts in sight at once, one on the opposite side of 
the river, and a few graves, even surrounded by a wooden paling, 
where already the rude forefathers of a hamlet lie, and a thousand 
years hence, perchance, some poet will write his " Elegy in a Country 

Courchyard." 

The next house was Fisk's, ten miles from the Point, at the East 
Branch opposite to the island Nickatou. or the Forks, the last of the In- 
dian islands. I am particular to give the names of the settlers and the 
distances, since every log hut in these woods is a public house, and such 



information is of no little consequence to those who may have occasion 
to travel this way. Our course here crossed the Penobscot, and fol- 
lowed the southern bank. One of the party, who entered the house in 
search of some one to set us over, reported a very neat dwelling, with 
plenty of books and a new wife, just imported from Boston, wholly 
new to the woods. We found the East Branch a large and rapid stream 
at its mouth, and much deeper than it appeared. Having with some 
difficulty found the trail again, we kept up the south side of the West 
Branch, or main river, passing by some rapids called Rock Ebeeme, 
the roar of which we heard through the woods, and, shortly after, in 
the thickest of the wood, some empty loggers' camps, still new , which 
were occupied the previous winter. . . While's farm, thirteen 
miles from the Point, is an extensive and elevated clearing, from which 
we got a fine view of the river, rippling and gleaming far beneath us. 
We reached Shad Pond, or Nolisumack, an expansion 
of the river. Hodge, the assistant State Geologist, who passed thro' 
this on the 25th of June, 1837, says: "We pushed our boat through 
an acre or more of buck-beans which had taken root at the bottom and 
bloomed above the surface in the greatest profusion and beauty." 

We took here a poor and leaky balteau, and began to pole up 
the Millinocket two miles to the Elder Fowler's, in order to avoid the 
Grand Falls of the Penobscot, intending to exchange our batteau there 
for a belter. The Millinocket is a small, shallow, and sandy stream, 
full of what I took to be lamprey-eels' or suckers' nests, . lined 
with musquash cabins, but free from rapids, excepting at its outlet 
from the lake. 

Old Fowler's, on the Millinocket, six miles from McCauslin's, and 24 
from the Point, is the last house. Gibson's, on the Sowadnehunk, is 
the only clearing above; but that had proved a failure, and was long 
since deserted. Fowler is the oldest inhabitant of these woods. He 
formerly lived a few miles from here, on the South side of the West 
Branch, where he built his house sixteen years ago, the first house built 
above the Five islands. Here our new batteau was to be carried over 
the first portage of two miles, round the Grand Falls of the Penobscot, 
on a horse-sled made of saplings, to jump the numerous rocks in the way. 
This portage probably followed the trail of an ancient Indi- 
an carry round these falls. By two o'clock we, who had walked on be- 
fore, reached the river above the falls, not far from the outlet of Quak- 

ish Lake, and waited for the batteau to come up 

We were soon in the smooth water of the Quakish Lake, and took our 
turns at rowing and paddling across it. It is a small, iiregular, but 
handsome lake, shut in on all sides by the forest, and showing no traces 
of man, but some low boom in a distant cove, reserved for spring use. 
The spruce and cedar on its shores, hung with gray lichens, looked at 
a distance like the ghosts of trees. Ducks were sailing here and there 
on its surface, and a solitary loon, like a mere living wave.— a vital 
spot on the lake's surface, —laughed and frolicked, and showed its 
straight leg, for oui amusement. Joe Merry Mountain appeared m the 
northwest, as if it were looking down on this lake especially: and we 
had our first but partial view of Ktaadn, its summit veiled in clouds, 
like a dark isthmus in that quarter, connecting the heavens with the 
earth. After tw o miles of smooth rowing across this lake, we found our- 
selves in the river again, which was a continuous rapid for one mile to 
the dam, requiring all the strength and skill of our boatman to pole it 

up. . ■ • 

This camp, exactly 29 miles from Mattawamkeag Point, by the way 
we had come, and about 100 from Bangor by the river, was the last hu- 
man habitation of any kind in this direction. Beyond, there was no 
trail; and the river and lakes, by batteaux and canoes, were considered 
the only practicable route. U'e were about 30 miles by the river from 
the summit of Kmadn, which was in sight, though not more than 20, 
perhaps, in a straight line. 

It being about the full of the moon, and a warm and pleasant even- 
ing, we decided to row five miles by moonlight lo the head of the North 
Twin Lake, lest the wind should rise on the morrow, .\fter oue mile of 
river, or what the boatmen call "thoroughfare,"— for the river becomes 
at length only the connecting link between the lakes,— and some slight 
rapid which had been mostly made smooth water by the dam, we en- 
tered the North Twin Lake just after sundown, and steered across for 
the river "thoroughfare, " four miles distant. This is a noble sheet of 
water, where one may get the impression which a new country and a 
"lake of the woods " are fitted to create 

■VVe could distinguish the outlet to the South Twin, which is said to 
be the larger, where the shore was misty and blue, and it was worth 
the while to look thus through a narrow opening across the entire ex- 
panse of a concealed lake to its own yet more dim and distant shore. 
The shores rose gen«Jy to ranges of low hills covered with forests; and 



28 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



though, in fact, the most valuable white-pine timber, even about this 
lake, had been culled out. this would never have been suspected by the 
voyager. The impression which, indeed, with the fact was, as if we 
were upon a high table-land between the States and Canada, the nor- 
thern side of which is drained by the St. John and Chaudiere, the 
southern by the Penobscot and Kennebec. There was no bold, moun- 
tainous shore, as we might have expected, but only isolated hills and 
mountains rising here and there from the plateau. The country is an 
aichipelago of lakes, — the lake country of New England. The levels 
vary but a few feet, and the boatmen, by short portages, or by none at 
all, pass easily from one to another. They say that at very high water 
the Penobscot and the Kennebec flow into each other, or, at any rate, 
that you may lie w ith your face in one and your toes in the other. Even 
the Penobscot and St. John have been connected by a canal, so that the 
lumber of the Allcgu,ash, instead of going down the St. John, comes 
down the Penobscot; and the Indian's tradition that the Penobscot 
once ran both ways for his con\'enience, is, in one sense, partially real- 
ized to-day. 

AUDUBON. 

In August, 1 83 1, the yet more celebrated naturalist, 
John James Audubon, made a journey overland through 
Eastern Maine, with his wife and two sons, to inquire as 
to the birds of the wilderness. We are able, from his 
narrative, to determine pretty nearly how much of his 
journey lay in Penobscot county, and copy that portion 
of the diary from his Life, edited by his widow and 
published in 1873. The party was now on its return 
from New Brunswick: 

Hiring a cart, two horses, and a driver, we proceeded in the direction 
of Bangor. Houlton is a neat village, consisting of some fifty houses. 
The fort is well situ.ated, and commands a fine view of Mars' Hill, 
which is about 13 miles distant. A custom-house has been erected here, 
the place being on the boundary line of the United States and the British 
provinces. The road which was cnt by the soldiers of this garrison, 
from Bangor to Houlton, through the forests, is at this moment a fine 
turnpike of great breadth, almost straight in its whole length, and per- 
haps the best now in the Union. It was incomplete, however, for some 
miles, so that our travelling over that portion was slow and disagree- 
able. The rain, which fell in torrents, reduced the newly raised earth 
to a complete bed of mud; and at one time our horses became so com- 
pletely mired that, had we not been extricated by two oxen, we must 
have spent the night near the spot. Jogging along at a very slow 
pace, we were overtaken by a gay wagoner, who had excellent horses, 
two of which a little "siller" induced him to join to ours, and we were 
taken to a tavern at the "cross-roads," where we spent the night in 
comfort. 

While supper was preparing, I made inquiry respecting birds, quad- 
rupeds, and fishes, and was pleased to hear that all of these animals 
abounded in the neighborhood. Deer, bear, trouts, and grouse, were 
quite plentiful, as was the great gray owl. When we resumed our 
journey next morning Nature displayed all her loveliness, and autumn 
with her mellow tints, her glow ing fruits, and her rich fields of corn, 
smiled in placid beauty. Many of the fields had not yet been reaped; 
the fruits of the forests and orchards hung clustering around us; and, 
as we came in view of the Penobscot river, our hearts thrilled with 
jay. Its broad, transparent waters here spread out their unruftied sur- 
face, there danced along the rapids, while canoes filled with Indians 
swiftly glided in every direction, raising before them the timorous 
waterfowl that had already flocked in from the north mountains, which 
you well know are indispensable in a beautiful landscape, reared their 
majestic crests in the distance. The Canada jay leaped gayly from 
branch to twig; the king-fisher, as if vexed at being suddenly surprised, 
rattled loudly as it swiftly flew off ; and the fish-hawk and eagle spread 
their broad wings over the waters. All around was beautiful, and we 
gazed on the scene with delight as, seated on a verdant bank, we re- 
freshed our frames from our replenished stores. 

A few rare birds were procured here, and, the rest of the road being 
level and firm, we trotted on at a good pace for several hours, the Pe- 
nobscot keeping company with us. Now we came to a deep creek, of 
which the bridge was undergoing repairs, and the people saw our 
vehicle approach with much surprise. They, however, assisted us with 
pleasure, by placing a few logs across, along which our horses, one 
after the other, were carefully led, and the cart afterwards carried. 
These good fellows were so averse to our recompdising them for their 



labor that, after some altercation, we were obliged absolutely to force 
what we deemed a suitable reward upon them. 

Next day we continued our journey along the Penobscot, the coun- 
try changing its aspect at every mile ; and when we first discovered 
Oldtown, that village of saw-mills looked like an island covered with 
manufactories. The people are noted for their industry and persever- 
ance; any one possessing a mill, and attending to his saws and the 
floating of the timber into his dams, is sure to obtain a competency in 
a few years. 

Speculations in land covered with pine, lying to the north of this 
place, are carried on to a great extent; and to discover a good tract of 
such ground many a miller of Oldtown undertakes long journeys. 
Reader, with your leave, I will here introduce one of them. 

Good luck brought us into acquaintance with Mr. Gillies, whom we 
happened to meet in the course of our travels, as he was returning from 
an exploring tour. About the first of August he formed a party of 
sixteen persons, each carrying a knapsack and an axe. Their provis- 
ions consisted of 250 lbs. of pilot bread. 150 lbs. of salted pork, 4 lbs. 
of tea, two large loaves of sugar, and some salt. They embarked in 
light canoes, 12 miles north of Bangor, and followed the Penobscot as 
far as Wassataquoik river, a branch leading to the northwest, until 
they reached the Seboois Lakes, the principal of which lie in a line, 
with short portages between them. Still proceeding northwest, they 
navigated these lakes, and then turning west carried their canoes to 
the great lake, thence north, then along a small stream to the upper 
"Umsaskis Pond," when they reached the Alleguash river, which leads 
into the St. ]olin's, in about latitude 47^ 3'. Many portions of that 
country had not been visited before, even by the Indians, who assured 
Mr. Gillies of this fact. They continued their travels down the St. 
Johns to the Grand Falls, where they met with a portage of half a 
mile, and, having reached Meduxmekeag creek, a little above Wood- 
stock, the party walked to Houlton, having travelled 1,200 miles, and 
described almost an oval over the country by the time they returned to 
Oldtown on the Penobscot. 

While anxiously looking for "lumber lands," they ascended the emi- 
nences around, then climbed the tallest trees, and, by means of a great 
telescope, inspected the pine-woods in the distance. And, such excel- 
lent judges are these persons of the value of the timber which they 
thus observe, when it is situated at a convenient distance from water, 
that they never afterwards forgot the different spots at all worthy of 
their attention. They had observed only a few birds and quadrupeds, 
the latter principally porcupines. The borders of the lakes and rivers 
afforded them fruits of various sorts and abundance of cranberries, 
while the uplands yield plenty of wild white onions and a species of 
black plum. 

Some of the party continued their journey in canoes down the St. 
John's, ascended Eel river and the lake of the same name to Matta- 
wamkeag river, due southwest of the St. John's, and, after a few por- 
tages, fell into the Penobscot. I had made arrangements to accom- 
pany Mr. Gillies on a journey of this kind, when I judged it would be 
more interesting, as well as useful to me, to visit the distant country of 
Labrador. 

The road which we followed from Oldtown to Bangor was literally 
covered with Penobscot Indians returning from market. On reaching 
the latter beautiful town, we found very comfortable lodgings in an ex- 
cellent hotel, and next day proceeded by the mail to Boston. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



29 



CHAPTER II. 

THE PENOBSCOT INDIANS. 

The Eastern Tribes — The Race-slock — The Abenakis — The Etche- 
mins — The Tarralines — Early History of the Tarratines — Wars and 
Incidents — More of the Wars — The Three-years' War — An Interest- 
ing N'arrative — Gyless Captivity Among the Henobscots — A Modem 
Affair — The Tarratine Chiefs : The Bashaba — Later Tarratine Chiefs 
and Governors — Orono — John Atteon — The Penobscot "in Politics" 
— The Indian Lands and Treaties — The Indian Trust Fund — The 
Old Indian Villages — The Indian Census — The Penoljscot Reserva- 
tion — The Community of Sisters of Mercy. 

THE EASTERN TRIBES. 

Tlie Indians of Maine have received comparatively 
little attention from the writers upon the aborigine.s, 
whose regards have been principally given to the red 
men of the Middle States, the South, and the Far West. 
Gookin, in his enumeration of the New England tribes, 
does not mention the Eastern Indians at all, but speaks 
only of five " nations," the Pequots, the Narragansetts, 
the Pawkunawkutts, the Massachusetts, and the Paw- 
tuckets, the last-named of whom "had under them sev- 
eral smaller sagamores, as the Pentacooks, the Agawams, 
the Naumkeeks, Piscataways, Accomentas, and others." 
It may be that the uncommonly peaceful and friendly 
disposition of the savages upon the Maine, making them 
less the subjects of history than their brethren of Massa- 
chusetts and New York, has contributed to keep them 
in the background of the aboriginal picture. Neverthe- 
less their ethnological place, their numbers and charac- 
teristics, and the wars in which they finally engaged, 
possess sufficient interest to demand place in this work. 

THE R.ACE-STOCK. 

In the great divisions of the North American tribes, 
the Eastern Indians belonged to the Algonquins. The 
Lenni-Lenape- or "original people,"as their name implies 
— more commonly known as the Delawares, early ex- 
tended their hunting-grounds along the Susquehanna, 
the Potomac, Delaware, and Hudson. \Vhen an exodus 
was made by a portion of this great tribe across the Hud- 
son, it took from them the name Mahicannituck ; and 
this, shortened and corrupted in the English mouth, was 
transferred to them as the Mahicans or Mohicans, and 
in New England the Mohegans. Here they scattered 
themselves, as they increased, over all the present States 
east of the Hudson, and in time became divided into 
several leading tribes, with many subdivisions or tribal 
bands. Their affinity with the Indians further to the 
southward is conclusively proved by the reseinblance of 
language. So long ago as when Charlevoix wrote, this 
fact was observed. After mentioning the wide dissem- 
ination of the Algonquin speech (over a circuit of one 
thousand two hundred leagues), he says: "It is pretended 
that the natives of New England spoke dialects of the 
same language." This is confirmed by the statement of 
Heckewelder, a later and better authority upon Indian 
topics. He affirms that when the Europeans came, the 
Mohegans held the entire Atlantic coast, from Roanoke 
to the northernmost parts of Nova Scotia, and that their 
language and the tongue of the Algonquins were but 
but dialects of the same original speech. La Hontan, a 



writer of the time of Charlevoix, making his remarks 
more specific to the Indians of Eastern Maine, says that 
the dialect of the Etchemins differed but little from that 
spoken by the Algonquins. The friendship between the 
Algonquins, so called, and the Eastern Indians, was so 
warm and cordial as to imply at least the tradition of 
relationship. Champlain makes record of a great feast 
prepared by the former in 1603, to which the "Moun- 
taineers" and the Etchemins were invited. Charlevoix 
also says in effect that many of the Algonquins joined 
their brethren of Maine, when the latter were induced 
by the French to emigrate to St. Francois and Becan- 
cour, in Canada. Dr. Dwight says in his Travels: 

The Indians of Penobscot, as I have been since informed by the Hon. 
Timothy Edwards, were proved to be Mohekaneews by the following 
incident ; Several men of this tribe, during the Revolutionary war, came 
to Boston to solicit of the Government a stipend, which had been 
formerly granted to the tribe by the Legislature of Massachusetts Bay. 
The business was referred by the council of safety to Mr. Edwards, 
then a member of their body, as being versed in the affairs and ac- 
quainted with the character of Indians. Mr. Edwards employed Hen- 
drick Awpaumut, a Stockbridge Indian accidentally in Boston at that 
time, to confer with the petitioners and learn the nature of their expecta- 
tions. Hendrick found himself able to converse with them, so far as 
to understand their wishes satisfactorily ; and observed to Mr. Edwards 
that their language was radically Mohekancew, and differed only as a 
dialect. This fact I have from Mr. Edwards. 1 have mentioned it 
here, because the contrary seems to have been universally adopted. 

It may be added here that the plural tbrm of the word 
Muhhekaneew, according to Dr. Edwards, is Muhhcka- 
neok, whence Mohican and Mohegan. Besides the 
generic application of the term, it is also a specific name 
for a tribe that dwell in the present Windham county, 
Connecticut, and thence north to the State line. It was 
a powerful organization, putting in the field three thou- 
sand warriois, and having at one time the celebrated 
Uncas for chief 

THE AUENAKIS. 

A general name lias been given by many writers — the 
older, as well as later — to all the Indians east of the 
Piscataqua, to the country of the Mickmacks, in Nova 
Scotia. They were called the Wapanchkie (men of the 
east), or Wabenakies (east-land men), which became in 
the French Abenaques, and in the English more com- 
monly Abenakis or Abnakis. McKenney & Halls great 
History of the Indian Tribes of North America says that 
the New England Tribes were formerly known by their 
red brethren west of the Hudson under the generic ap- 
pellation of Wabenauki, or Men of the East. Their 
languages were branches of the Algonquin stock, cog- 
nate dialects, bearing a distinct resemblance one to the 
other. All these tribes had undoubtedly a common In- 
dian origin, and it is equally certain that their separation 
into distinct communities occurred no very long time 
before they were visited by the English voyagers and 
colonists. Hutchinson, in his History of Massachusetts, 
gives .\benaques and Tarrantines as equivalent terms; in 
which he is certainly mistaken. The .\benakis are un- 
doubtedly closely allied in blood to the Tarratines, or 
Penobscot Indians ; but are well known to have been a 
separate tribe, with a separate habitat. The statement of 
Charlevoix is in the later statement as well — that the 
"Abenaques live in a country from Pentagoet [Pen- 



30 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



obscot] to New England." They inhabited the vast 
forests that covered the tract west of the Penobscot, even 
into New Hampshire, and north to Canada, in some 
part of which the reminant of them now dwell. They 
were a numerous people, until at least the period of the 
first Indian war, and were mainly in four tribes — the 
Sokokis or Sockhigones, the Indians of the Saco; the 
Anasagunticooks, or Abenakis of the Androsscoggin and 
the west of the Sagadahoc; the Canibas or Norridge- 
wocks of the Kennebec — "great numbers of them," says 
Hubbard, "when the river was first discovered;" and 
the Wawenocks, between the St. George and Sagadahoc 
waters. To these many writers now add the Tarratines 
or Penobscots, the immediate subjects of the Bashaba, 
or chief sagamore. The permanent villages of the Abena- 
kis were five in number — two in Canada, and one each on 
the Saco, the Androscoggin, and the Kennebec. The 
French missionaries described these centres of population 
as enclosed with strong, high palisades, surrounding clus- 
ters of wigwams built of bark supported by bent poles. 
The natives' dress was "ornamented with a great variety of 
rings, necklaces, bracelets, belts, etc., made out of shells 
and stones, worked with great skill. They praacticed 
also agriculture. Their fields of skamgnar [corn] were 
very luxuriant. As soon as the snows had disappeared, 
they prepared the land with great care, and at the com- 
mencement of June they planted the corn, by making 
holes with fingers or with a stick, and, having dropped 
eight or nine grains of corn, they covered them with 
earth. "Their harvest was at the end of August." Their 
chief characteristics were bravery, preserverance and te- 
nacity of purpose, amiability and sociability, indisposed 
to war, but suspicious, and uncompromising in their 
hostility and pursuit of the war-path when once aroused, 
fidelity to their engagements, and hospitality. "Their 
attachment to their family, " says an historian of the East- 
ern Indians, " was such as we do not read of in other 
tribes of the Algic people." The French missionaries, 
traders, and military commanders had great influence 
over these Indians, and did much to provoke savage 
aggressions upon the English settlement. They showed, 
says Bryant & Gay's Popular History of the United 
States, "the tact and adaptibility which distinguish that 
nation." 

This History says further: 

The French studied in every way to ;i]3propriate the habits of tlie In- 
dians, to hunt, travel, eat, sleep and dress in the native fashion. They 
were apt learners of the different dialects; the lists of words and the 
dictionaries compiled by their missionaries can be relied upon. And 
these devoted men drew savage admiration by their constancy, calm- 
ness in peril, assiduous efforts to teach and civilize, and their skill in 
healing, as well as by the impressive solemnity of those novel services 
of religion, with cross, cup, bell and candle, under the groined arches 
of the primitive cathedral. But the English possessed over the French 
one manifest advantage, and that has since been styled " manifest des- 
tiny," for the current of history undermines and carries away the 
adroitest policies of the nicest arts of accommotlation." 

THE ETCHEMINS. ^ 

This has been taken as a general name for the tribes 
that dwell along the banks and about the headwaters of 
the Penobscot and St. John's rivers, thence eastwardly, 
according to Hermon Moll's old map of the English 



Empire in .America, to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 
southwardly to the Bay of Fundy. The order of the 
king of France to D'Aulnay, in 1638, to confine his ju- 
risdiction to the coast of the Etchemins seems, however, 
to imply that the extent of it was included between the 
St. John's and the Bay of Fundy. But it is certain that 
it comprised the Penobscot region. Indeed, Chailevoix 
would make this their chief district, as it may have been. 
He says: "The Abenaques, or Canabas, have for their 
nearest neighbors the Etchemins, or Marechites, about 
Pentagoet and its environs; and more at the east are the 
Mickmacks, or Souriquois, the proper inhabitants of 
Acadia." His name Marechites, as a title for the whole 
nation, is considerably used by other wTiters. The name 
Etchemin is still preserved in a river, and also a town of 
Canada. 

Mr. Williamson adds some interesting facts concerning 
this people: 

Among the Etecheniins, marriages are negotiated by the fathers, and 
solemnized, in modern times, by a Catholic priest. Captain Francis 
says: "If an Indian is charmed with a squaw, he tells his parents and 
they talk with hers; and, if all are pleased, he sends her a string of 
wampum, perhaps i,ooo beads, and presents her with a wedding suit. 
All meet at the wigwam of her parents; the young couple sit together 
till married; they and the guests then feast and dance all that night and 
the next; and then the married pair retire." Early wedlock is encour- 
aged; and a couple in a fit of matrimonial union will, for the purpose 
of finding a priest, traverse the woods to Canada. In later times poly- 
gamy is not known among them, and divorces, which are never very 
frequent, are by mutual consent. 

Captain Francis says, before white people came here, sometimes 
" Indians have four wives. " A sanup [husband] has unlimited control 
over his wife, having been known to take her life with impunity. A 
case of this kind occurred in 1785, when one in a paro.xysm of rage slew 
his squaw and hid her body imder the ice of the Penobscot, without 
being, according to report, so much as questioned for his conduct. 

The religious notions of the natives are rude and full of superstition. 
They believe in a Great Spirit, whom the .'^benaques called Tanto or 
Tantum, and the Etechemins, Sazoos; also in the immortality of the 
soul and in a paradise far in the west, where he dwells, and where all 
good men go when they die. To the wicked they suppose he will say, 
when they knock at the heavenly gates, "Go wander in endless misery; 
you never shall live here." For plenty, victory, or any other great 
good, they celebrated feasts with songs and dances to his praise. 

They had strong faith in an evil spirit, whose Satanic Majesty they 
called Mojahondo, supposing he possessed the attributes in general re- 
vealed of that being in the Scriptures. They believed also in tutelar 
spirits, or good angels, whom they denominated Mannitou, and they 
entertained great veneration for their Powows. These, uniting in one 
person the two offices of priest and physician, were supposed to possess 
almost miraculous powers. 

Their dead were generally buried in a sitting posture. In Pittston, 
upon the Kennebeck, are two old burying grounds, where skeletons 
are found in a posture half erect, the head bending over the feet. 
Relics of human bodies have been discovered in a tumulus near Ossipee 
pond, which were originally buried with the face downward. In these 
two places, and in others upon the Kenduskeag and elsewhere, there 
have been discovered instruments, paints, and ornaments interred — the 
requisites to help the departed spirits to the "country of souls." The 
modern manner of burial is borrowed from the Catholics. The corpse, 
enclosed in a rough coffin, is followed by an irregular procession to the 
burying-ground; and when interred, a little wooden crucifi.x is placed 
at the head of the grave, which is sprinkled with consecrated water and 
perfumed with flowers or herbs. If a Tarratine dies abro.ad, he must, 
if possible, be borne to Oldtown and buried in the common grave- 
yard. 

The female lamentations for the dead are great, and sometimes ex- 
cessive. The death of a young child, swept away from the arms of its 
mother, as the two lay sleeping in a summer's day between high and 
low w.ater mark upon the Penobscot be.ach, affords a striking instance 
of savage grief. She burst into loud and excessive lamentations, and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



31 



mingled her cries with inarticulate jabber, an hour scarcely closing this 
scene of shrieking and tears. 

The three Etecheniin tribes have, severally and immeinorially, se- 
lected. their sagamores and sachems, or subordinate officers, in form of 
a general election.* But the candidate, when chosen, is not inducted 
into his office without the presence and assistance of a delegation from 
each of the other tribes. This was the case when Francis Joseph 
Neptune, at Passama<|Uoddy, and John Aitteon, at Penobscot, were 
m.ade chiefs of their respociive tribes; and the most intelligent credible 
Indians agree in saying thai such is the practice among the Marechites, 
and has always been the usage among all three of the tril)es. 

THE T.ARR.\TINF.S. 

The Etchemins, according to the historian Williamson, 
were in three tribes — the Marechites proper, or Armon- 
chiquois, the Indians of the St. John's; the Openango, 
or Quoddy Indians, of the Passamaquoddy, and the 
Tarratines, or aborigines of the Penobscot, with whom 
we have mainly to deal. Mr. Parkman, however, and 
with him, probably, all the later writers, assign these 
Indians to the Abenaki confederation or stock. 

There can be no doubt as to the habitat of the Tar- 
ratines. All the older, as well as later, writers are one in 
the view that they dwelt upon the Penobscot river and 
bay, and the present remnant of Penobscot Indians are 
undoubtedly descended lineally from the Tarratines. 
They also claimed dominion over the tracts adjacent to 
the river, from its sources to the sea. Captain Smith, in 
his narrative, relates that the Penobscot mountains, or 
Camden hills, formed a natural fortress, separating the 
Tarratines from their neighbors, the other Abenaki tribes. 
'I"he two peoples long lived in amity, although the 
farmer cherished an hereditary enmity to the Abergin- 
eans, or Northern Indians, especially in Massachusetts 
and New Hampshire, which led finally, in 16 15-16, to 
the terrible war between the Tarratines and the rest of 
the Abenakis, in which the latter was almost extermina- 
ted, and the Bashaba was slain. 

Mr. Williamson says of the Tarratines: 

They were a numerous, powerful, and warlike people, more hardy 
and brave than their western enemies, whom they often plundered and 
killed, and, accordmg to Hubbard and Price, kept the Sycamores 
between the Piscataijua and the Mystic in perpetual fear. .After the 
conquests and glory achieved in tlieir battles with the Bashaba and his 
allies, they were not, like their enemies, wasted by disease and famine. 
They retained their valor, animated by success and strengthened by 
an early use and supply of firearms, with which they were fvirnished by 
the French, t Less disturbed than the western tribes in the enjoyment 
of their possessions, and also more discreet, they were always reluctant 
to plunge into hostilities against the English. 

The Tarratines ever manifested the greatest satisfaction in their 
intercourse with the French. No fortifications upon the peninsula of 
Major-biguyduce, or buildings in the vicinity, e.xcited either fear or 
jealousy in them; for no rising plantations of the French threatened 
Ihem with a loss of their lands or privileges. A barter of their furs 
for guns, ammunition, and trinkets, was managed with a frtfedom and 
adroitness which won and secured their attachment. Indeed, no for- 
eigners could vie with Frenchmen, for their religious creeds and rites, 
to which the natives were superstitiously devoted, their companionable 
manners and volatile turn, all made the bonds strong and lasting. . . 

The Tarratines have probalily at different periods shifted the situa- 
tion of their principal village; at the mouth of the Kenduskeag they 
had a common resting-place, when the white people first settled in the 
vicinity — a place to which they were, from habit, strongly attached. 
Here the mouldering relics of human bodies, also flint spears, stone 

' Mr. Williamson's foot-note : "They are in modem times called governor, 
lieutenant-governor, and captains, names borrowed from the English. 

tWilliamson's foot-note: The Tarratines, for instance, cut out a shallop 
from Dorchester, with live men in it, whom they killed. 



implements of labor, and Indian paint dust have been accidentally dis- 
interred, after a burial for an unknown period of time. 

The Tarratines were neutrals in the war of the Revolution. In 
return Massachusetts protected them and prohibited all trespasses upon 
their lands, six miles in width on each side of the Penobscot, from the 
head of the tide upwards. She has since, at different times, made 
large purchases of their lands, and they are left [1832 J the owners of 
only four townships, a few acres on the east side of the Penobscot, 
opposite to the mouth of the Kenduskeag, and the islands between 
Oldtown and Passadumkeag, 28 in number, containing 2,670 acres. 
About 40 acres, in 1820, were under cultivation, and the 
Indians that season raised 410 bushels of corn and 50 bushels of beans, 
besides potatoes. 

.\ccounts of the former seat of these Indians, three 
miles above the mouth of the Kenduskeag, and of their 
later residence at Oldtown, will appear further along in 
this chapter. 

The following useful description of the Penobscot In- 
dians, as found by the French u|)on their advent in this 
region, is from the Novus Aibis of John De Laet, pub- 
lished in 1633. It will be observed that De Laet, who 
doubtless refers to Penobscot bay, is sadly astray in his 
definition of distance from the Kennebec, which is 
nearer fourteen than four leagues : 

Four leagues north from Kennebec, following the direction of the 
coast, there is a bay containing in its bosom a large number of islands, 
and near its entrance one of them is called by the French navigators 
the island of Bacchus, from the great abundance of vines found grow- 
ing there. The barbarians that inhabit here, are in some respects un- 
like the other aborigines of New France, differing somewhat from 
them both in language and manners. They shave their heads from 
the foreh&td to the crown, but suffer their hair to grow on the back 
side, confining it in knots, interweaving feathers of various plumage. 
They paint their faces red or black, are well formed, and arm them- 
selves with spears, clubs, bows and arrows, which, for want of iron 
they point with the tail of a cruslaceous creature called signoc. They 
cultivate the soil in a different manner from the savages that live east 
of them, planting maize and beans together, so that the stalks of the 
former answer the purpose of poles for the vines to run upon. They 
plant in May and harvest in September. Walnut trees grow here, but 
inferior ones. Vines are abundant, and it is said by the French that 
the grapes gathered in July make good wine. The natives also raise 
pumpkins and tobacco. They have ]5ermanent places of abode; their 
cabins are covered with oak bark, and are defended by palisadoes. 

According to Judge Godfrey's essay on the Baron de 
St. Castine, the Tarratines were a clan of the great Aben- 
aki community, receiving the name from the English 
colonists; perhajis in honor of a brave Huron chief, 
called Taratouan, upon whom the Jesuit missionaries 
had relied for jjrotection. The Rev. P'ather Vetromile, 
however, in his excellent paper on the .Abenakis, in the 
sixth volume of the Maine Historical Collections, pre- 
sumes the designation to have been derived from "Ati- 
ronta," another Indian who rendered much service to the 
pioneers of France in the New World. By some writers, 
as by Mr. Gallatin, in his work on the Indian tribes, the 
Tarratines and the .Xbenakis were substantially identi- 
fied. Mr. Parkman, in his Jesuits in North .Vinerica, 
says: "The Tarratines of New England writers were 
the Abenakis, or a portion of them." Mr. Palfrey, the 
historian of New England, quoting the old writer Hutch- 
inson, considers the Tarratines as Abenakis. The Rev. 
Father John G. Shea, in his voluminous work on The 
Catholic Church in the United States, refers to the con- 
version to that faith of "the powerful tribe of the Aben- 
akis, or Tarenteens, as the early English settlers called 
them." Gorges, however, in a passage concerning the 



32 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



enemies of the Bashaba, says the savages called the 
tribe Tarrantines. Mr. Williamson, making a rapid sum- 
mary of the old authors, says they "agree that the gener- 
al name of the natives upon the Penobscot was Tarra- 
tines." Wood, in New England's Prospect, includes 
some interesting notices of them. He says: 

The country as it is in relation to tlie Intlians. is divided as it were 
into shires, every severall division l>eing swayde by a severall l<ing, the 
Indians^io the east and nortlieast liearing the names of Churchers or 
Tarrenleencs. . . . Tal<e these Indians in their own 

trimnie and naturall disposition, and tliey Ije reported to be wise, lofty- 
.spirited, constant in friendship to one anotlier, true in their promises, 
and more industrious than many other, (and so on, until] some of our 
English, who to uncloathe them of their beaver coates, clad them with 
the infection of swearing and drinking, which was never in fashion with 
them before, it being contrary to their nature to guzzell downe stronge 
drinke, until our bestial example and dishonest incitation hath brought 
them to it; and from overflowing cups there hath been a proceeding to 
revenge, murther, and overflowing of blood. 

Governor Sullivan, in his History of the District of 
Maine, furnishes an important contribution to the histo- 
ry and philosophy of religion, concerning a somewhat 
controverted point, in the following : 

The fanciful historians have said much respecting the savage's hope 
of felicity in fine fields beyond the g.ates of death, when he should 
meet his ancestors and be happy in a state of immortality. 
But from any conversations had with the Indians here, or from anything 
which can be gathered from those who have been most with them, 
there is no reason to Ijelieve that the Northern savages ever had ideas 
of that nature. 

E,\RLY HISTORY OF THE TARRATINES. 

When they first becauie known to Euro|ieans, the Tar- 
ratines dwelt on both sides of the Penobscot, and, with 
their Abenaki brethren, roamed the region westward to 
the Saco, if not to the Piscataquis. About one-third of 
the New England Indians (sup])osed to number fifty thou- 
sand in all) were on the soil of Maine. They came pres- 
ently to be distinguished as Maine Indians; the rest were 
called the New England Indians, some difference of dia- 
lect further dividing the two. Samoset, the friendly savage 
who came suddenly u\nm the Plymouth colony one warm 
morning in February, 1621, with the assuring words, in 
their own tongue, "welcome. Englishmen," is believed 
to have been a Tarratine, from the island of Monhegan. 
He was certainly a Maine Indian, and a chief The Tar- 
ratines became first known in our histoiical literature, 
however, as a tribe at war with the Wawenocks, their 
next neighbors on the west, whom they practically exter- 
minated. In 1 63 1 an expedition of one hundred of 
them took the war-path against the Massachusetts In- 
dians who were so afraid of the Eastern savages that they 
declared they never camped or slept twice together in the 
same place. In i66g the dreaded Mohawks — who had 
doubtless waged frequent war with them through the 
ages their parties coming down the Penobscot from the 
great Canadian woods and waters — completely overcame 
the Tarratines, plundered, burnt, and devastated their 
villages. To this day the Penobscots detest and burn 
with indignation at the very name of Mohawk. 

The tribe was not exterminated, however, nor carried 
into cainivity by their conquerors. They remained upon 
and near the Penobscot in sufficient force to form an im- 
iiortant eleirient in the history of early colonization in 



the Northeast. The Tarratine and Passamaquoddy In- 
dians were among the earliest converts made by the 
Roman Catholic missionaries east of the Mississippi. 
Before the advent of the Jesuits, says an old writer, 
"they dyed patiently, both men and women, not knowing 
of a hell to scare them nor a conscience to terrifie them." 
They were at first very friendly to the whites, except as 
they manifested natural indignation at the outrages perpe- 
trated upon them by Weymouth and other explorers. 
The Rev. Mr. Hubbard's Narrative of the Indian Wars 
in New England, written in 1775, says: 

Ever since the first settling of any English plantation in those parts 
about Kennebeck, for the space of about 50 years, the Indians always 
carried it fair, and held good correspondence with the English, until 
the news came of Phillip's rebellion and rising against the inhabitants 
of Plimouth colony in the end of June, 1675, after which time it was 
appreliended by such as had the examination of the Indians about Ken- 
nebeck that there was a general surmise amongst them that they would 
be required to assist the said Philip, although they would not own that 
they were at all engaged in the quarrel. 

When the war with the French ended, in 1699, the 
Maine Indians, with those of New Hampshire, made 
a treaty with the English colonies, their sachems ac- 
knowledging for them allegiance to the English crown. 

\V.\RS .AND INCIDENTS. 

There was no doubt an honest intention, especially at 
first, on the part of many of the whites in New England, 
to deal justly with the Indians, and avoid occasions of 
war with them. The charter of Massachusetts enjoined 
upon the colonists tliat they should endeavor lo win the 
natives to the knowledge and obedience of the only 
true God and Saviour, and of the Christian faith, "by 
force of moral example and religious efforts and instruc- 
tion." Laws were [)assed that strong liquors, and even 
cider and beer, were not to be sold to them. Orders 
were given that any trading-house among the Indians, 
erected without the license of the General Court, should 
be destroyed. If the corn-fields and crops of the na- 
tives were injured by the cattle of the settlers, even by 
reason of poor fencing, the town to which the owner of 
the cattle belonged was to be compelled to make good 
the loss, unless the authorities collected the amount of 
damage from the owner. The Government undertook 
the charge of all trade with the Indians in furs, peltry, 
boats, or other water-craft, and commissioners were ap- 
pointed by the authorities to determine all matters of 
controversy among them, even those which a single 
officer might decide in a case arising between English- 
men. On the other hand, the sale of fire-arms to the 
savages was strictly forbidden by royal proclamation as 
early as 1622. They were, however, abundantly sup- 
plied by the French, who allied the red man the more 
strongly to them by the liberal sale or gift of guns and 
gunpowder. 

Friendly relations did not long subsist between the 
whites and the Indians. Notwithstanding official and 
legal guards, outrages were occasionally perpetrated by 
the former upon the latter, even at the outset of their 
intercourse, when a judicious policy, to say nothing of 
justice, would have dictated a different course. Five of 
the Indians of the Penobscot, for example, one of them 




J^e^^e4-€:i-'(--^^gi.''^n^€4^e€ \^e€t.^ce . 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



33 



a sagamore, were seized and carried away by the ex- 
plorer Weymouth in 1605, and long kept in captivity. 
The Indians soon began reprisals, and resistance to the 
encroachments of the colonists. One Master Patterson, 
of the Sagadahoc colony, the earliest upon the soil of 
Maine, was killed by the Tarratines, almost at once up- 
on his settlement. This is but one of the many exam- 
])les that might be adduced. 

In the summer of 1631 or 1632, the Tarratines pre- 
pared for an attack upon Agawam (Ipswich), where the 
sagamores, having treacherously mas.sacred a number of 
Tarratine families, were believed to be sheltering them- 
selves under the wing of the English. Forty canoe- 
loads of Indians went thither; but their plot was be- 
trayed to an English youth, who fired an alarm-gun and 
beat a drum furiously, whereupon they put to sea again 
without making an attack. The 'J'arratines, however, 
afterwards killed some of the Agawam Indians, .\hout 
one hundred made a midnight attack ui)on the lodge of 
a sagamore near that place, and carried off his wife a 
l)risoner to Penobscot. 

According to tradition, the Tarratines took part in the 
war between the New England Indians and the fierce 
Mohawks, which raged for si,K or seven years; and, after 
the decisive battle in 1669, in which the former were de- 
feated, the Tarratine allies were followed even to the 
Penobscot by their terrible enemies, who burned their 
villages, and otherwise did them great harm. Following 
this came the small-pox and other destructive diseases, 
which caused the death of many of the Eastern and 
Canadian Indians, and greatly interrupted the trade in 
furs. Ky these successive calamities the Tarratines were 
reduced to a mere handful. So early as November, 
1726, Captain John Gyles, who professed to make an ' 
enumeration of the savages in this region, could find 
but one hundred and thirty, "or there about," of the Pe- 
nobscot Indians, above the age of sixteen years, and but 
three hundred and eighty-nine natives of adult age in all 
Maine. The trustworthiness of his census, however, is 
very much to be doubted. 

In 1675, the year of the opening of King Philip's 
war, an attempt was made to involve the I^tchemin and 
.•\benaki tribes also, which was happily frustrated. The 
Canibas Indians had a fort at Teconnet Falls, on the 
Sagodahoc, to which they had retired with their families, 
and remained quiet there until after the burning of Scar- 
borough. The people then became greatly excited 
against the Indians, both friendly and hostile, and the 
settlers on Monhegan island went so far as to offer a 
bounty of five pounds upon every Indian head brought 
in. The natives at Teconnet were naturally aroused 
and fearful ; and to quiet their fears, as well as to remove 
the contents of the trading-house, CajJtain Davis, who 
was in charge of an establishment some miles distant, 
near .Xrrowsick, sent a messenger with a promise that, if 
the Indians would remove to his settlement, they should 
have every needed supply at the fairest prices. The 
messenger proved treacherous, and told them instead 
that, "if they did not go down and give up their arm.s, 
the Englishmen would come and kill them." This fur- 



ther awakened their fears, and they abandoned the fort, 
but, instead of going to Davis, they fled to Penobscot 
and sent a runner to the Eastern tribes with a summons 
to a council of war at the residence of Castine, who very 
likely prompted the Indians to this step. Before the 
council could be brought about, however, Abraham 
Shute, of Pemaquid, chief magistrate, and a citizen of 
uncommon sense and usefulness, succeeded in getting a 
meeting of the alarmed sagamores at that place, where a 
truce was agreed to, and the Indians promised "to live 
in peace with the English, and prevent, if possible, the 
Anasagunticooks from committing any more depreda- 
tions, either upon the settlers or traders." 

MORE OF THE \V.\RS. 

It may be noted here that Iberville, with two shi])s 
and two companies of soldiers, made his expedition in 
1694, to effect the reduction of Fort William Henry, at 
Pemaijuid. He took on board Vilkbon with fifty 
Mickmacks at St. John's, and Castine with two hundred 
Indians in canoes joined him at Penobscot. They ap- 
peared before the fort July 14th, and the next day intim- 
idated the commander of the garrison into a surrender. 
The fort was then plundered, demolislied, and aban- 
doned. 

The next month Major Church reappeared in the Pe- 
nobscot waters, and was informed by his pilot, John 
York, whom he took on board when abreast of the Ma- 
thebestuck Hills (Camden Heights), that the Indians 
had told him of a fort they had built upon a little island 
at the falls fifty or sixty miles up the stream — supposed 
to have been the Island Lett, now (probably) Oldtown — 
and that near by they "planted a great ijuantity of corn." 
Church pushed up the river in his boats to "the Bend" 
(Eddington), and there took to the west shore on foot 
for two or three miles. He passed several places where 
the Indians had once dwelt, killed several of the natives, 
and took another prisoner, who told him that the men 
of his tribe had gone to Canada. Church then returned, 
observing on his way more abandoned habitations, with 
corn-fields and turnip-patches and jjumpkins, especially 
in the Isle of Penobscot, now Orphan Island. Below 
this he took to his ships agam, and sailed for the Bay of 
Fundy. 

October 14, 1698, after the peace of Ryswick had 
been concluded between F^ngland, F'rance, and other 
nations involved with them in the war, the commission- 
ers of Massachusetts met six of the eastern saga- 
mores at Penobscot, with a great body of Indians, and 
arranged preliminaries of a treaty which was fully con- 
cluded at Mare Point the following January, ratifying 
the convention of August ii, 1693, with additional 
articles. The sagamores of Penobscot were not ex- 
pressed, but yet were included, in the new jjacification. 

THE THREE-VE.\RS' (OR I.OVEWELL's) WAR. 

This was the fourth Indian war waged in New Eng- 
land, and lasted from 1722 to 1725. It takes one of 
its names from Captain John Lovewell, or Lovell, of 
Dunstable, Massachusetts, hero of^ the famous fight 
near Pegwacket, at the water since called from 



34 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



him Lovewell's pond. The inhabitants, white and 
red, of Maine, New Hampshire, and. Nova Scotia, 
were mainly involved in it, the French in Canada not 
takina; part, through fear of breaking the peace then ex- 
isting between England and France. Their intrigues 
and secret incitement of the Indians to make war were 
not wanting, however; and in June, 1722, hostilities be- 
gan by a war-party of the Canibas and Anasagunticook 
tribes seizing nine white families settled on Merrymeet- 
ing bay. 

We give only such incidents of the war as pertain to 
Penobscot county. All the Maine tribes were involved 
in the outbreak ; and on the twenty-fifth of July the 
governor and council solemnly passed a resolution that 
"the Eastern Indians are traitors and robbers," and de- 
clared war upon them and their confederates as enemies 
of the king. The General Court met on the eighth of 
August, confirmed the declaration of war, and proceeded 
to make provision for the fight. Among other prep- 
arations for the fight, "a large scout of three hundred 
was appointed to destroy the Indians' strongholds and 
habitations at Penobscot, and a body of four hundred to 
range perpetually, by land or water, through the Eastern 
country, especially upon and between the rivers Kenne- 
bec and Penobscot." The ferocious and vindictive 
character of the warfare proposed may be seen from the 
offer of a bounty of fifteen pounds for every scalp taken 
from a male Indian of twelve or more years, and eight 
pounds for every woman or child captured. 

Early in February, 1723, the Penobscot expedition 
was set on foot, under Colonel Thomas Westbrook, com- 
mander of the Eastern forces. On the eleventh he left 
Kennebec with two hundred and thirty men, in whale- 
boats and small sailing vessels, and scoured the coast to 
Mount Desert, proceeding thence up Penobscot bay and 
river, anchoring, it is thought, in Marsh bay, March 4th. 

Disembarking his men, they marched five days through 
the forest, but apparently near the river, when they 
arrived at the supjjosed site of the Indian fort they 
sought, upon one of the sevetal islands opposite them. 
The Colonel further reports ; 

Being obliged here to make four canoes to ferry from island to is- 
land, I dispatched filty men upon discovery, who sent me word on the 
9th that they had found the fort and waited my arrival. I left a guard 
of 100 men with the provisions and tents, and proceeded with the rest 
to join the scouting party. On ferrying over, the Indian fort appeared 
in full view, yet we could not come to it by reason of a swift river, and 
because the ice at the head of the islands would not permit the canoes 
to come around; therefore, we were obliged to make two more, with 
which we ferried over. We left a guard of 40 men on the west side of 
the river, to facilitate our return, ond arrived at the fort, bv 6 of the 
clock in the evening. It happened to have been deserted in the autumn 
preceding, when the enemy carried away every article and thing except 
a tew papers. The fort was 70 yards in length and 50 in breadth, walled 
with stockades 14 feet in height, and enclosed 23 ■ ' well-finished wig- 
wams," or, as another calls them, "houses built regular." On the 
south side was their chapel, in compass 60 feet by 30, handsomely and 
well finished, both within and on the outside. A little farther south 
was the dwelling-house of the priest, which was very commodious. We 
set fire to them all, and by sunrise next morning they were in ashes. 
We then returned to our nearest guards, thence to our tents; and on 
our arrival at our transports, we concluded we must have ascended the 
river abont 32 miles. We reached the fort at St. George on the 20th, 
with the loss of only fou*men. Rev. Benjamin Gibson and three others, 
whose bodies after our arrival here we interred in usual form. 



Mr. Williamson inquires, as to the point where Colo- 
nel Westbrook halted: "Was not this place the lower 
Stillwater, in Orono, six miles above Kenduskeag?" and, 
in a subsequent foot-note, discussing the question of the 
site of this important fortress and village, he says: 

Some suppose it might have been the ancient Negas, a village on 
Fort Hill, situate a league above the mouth of Kenduskeag stream; 
for when could that have been destroyed unless at this time ? Yet Col. 
Church makes no mention of the latter when he and his troops, in .'\u- 
gust, 1696, scoured the river, nor Maj. Livingston, who traveled up the 
river in November, 1710, on his way to Canada. It luust have been 
built after the latter date, and before or during the present war. It 
could not have been very ancient, because the plough has turned out, 
since the .American Revolution, many articles of iron, steel, and lead, 
of modern form and structure; yet, if it were quite modern, there 
would be some tradition of it. All that we can learn is that it was 
called by the first settlers in Bangor "the old French and Indian set- 
tlement" on Fort Hill. This could not be thought 32 miles from the 
place of Westbrook's anchorage, short as seamen's miles are over wild 
lands. Nor are there islands here corresponding with those he men- 
tions. The alrernative then is, the site must have been Oldtown, or 
the ancient Lett mentioned by Livingston. That is situated on a 
beautiful island, and below it are falls and a small island. Lieut. Gov. 
Dummer (speech, May, 1723) says: "We have demohshed the fort and 
all the buildings at Penobscot." The village at Fort Hill was proba- 
bly destroyed by Capt. Heath [in 1725]. 

In October of this year (1723), the Indians stirprised 
and captured Captain Cogswell and the crew of his ves- 
sel, as they landed upon the shore of Mount Desert. 
After this the theatre of war was chiefly upon the St. 
George's and further to the southwest. In the fall of 
1724, Colonel Westbrook led a new regiment of three 
hundred men upon a scouting expedition from the Ken- 
nebeck to the Penobscot, which got entangled in the 
wilderness and had to return with its object but partly 
accomplished. Captain Heath and his company reached 
the latter river the same autumn; but effected nothing 
of account. 

The next year, however, the scene of action returned 
to the beautiful valley of the Penobscot. Mr. William- 
son will tell the principal story of the year: 

After Colonel Westbrook and his party had destroyed the principal 
Indian village at Penobscot, between two and three years since, the 
French and natives had, with a diligence unusual for them, established 
and built another, three leagues below, on the westerly bank of the 
same river. It was a pleasant, elevated, and well-chosen site, a 
few rods from the water, and easily fortified by stockades. It was 
easier of access from the salt water than the former, and was a league 
above the mouth of the Kenduskeag stream, which an enemy could 
ford with convenience only in time of drought. Hearing of this vil- 
lage, reputed to consist of six or seven cottages which had cellars and 
chimneys, a chapel, and between forty and fifty wigwams, Captain 
Joseph , Heath, coiumanding at Fort Richmond, proceeded with his 
company in May, from Kennebeck across the country to Penobscot 
fell upon the deserted village of about fifty Indian houses, and com- 
mitted them to the flames. The Tarratines, who were a wary people, 
probably had some intimation of the expedition, for the party saw 
none of the native inhabitants. It was a bold enterprize ; but it be- 
ing ascertained on their return to the garrison at St. George's river 
that a conference had been proposed by the Indians, the particulars 
were never made topics of any considerable remark. The village de- 
stroyed, situate on Fort iiill, as the English have always called it, is 
supposed to have been the ancient Negas. It was never repaired, the 
Indians afterwards returning and reseating themselves at Oldtown. 

This place, as is generally known, was within the 
present limits of Bangor township. Mr. Williamson 
says in a foot note: 

Being so near the head of the tide and bend of the river, above 
which is quick water, it was a resting-place and resort of the Indians 
before the village were built. The appearances of Indian cornfields in 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



35 



tlie vicinity was apparent, «hen tlie place was first settled by soitie of 
the oldest present settlers. 

Tbe sole remaining incident of the war, relating to the 
Penobscot county or any of its residents, is thus related 
by the same author : 

Castine the younger was in a small bark, at anchor near Naskeag 
Point, (viz., the southeast point of Sedgwick), and had with him on 
board an Indian boy, perhaps his own son, and an linglish l.ad, by the 
name ot Samuel Trask, belonging to Salem, whom he had redeemed 
from the Indians. Though he w.as thoughtless of evil, the moment 
the crew of an approaching English sloop were near enough, they fired 
upon him. and obliged him and the boys to quit the bark and flee into 
the woods for the safety of their lives. The master of the sloop, now 
changing his conduct and hoisting a white flag, called unto him loudly 
to return, offered him a safe conduct in writing, and declared he only 
desired to have a free trade and mtercourse with him. Yet, shortly 
after he had ventured to go with the lads on board of the sloop, the 
master first threw him a bag of biscuit, and then took from him the 
young captive, exclaiming: "Yoitr bark and all it contains arc in fact 
lawful prize, and yourself might be made a prisoner ; so you may now 
think yourself favored to go without molestation or further loss." This 
insult, which was duly felt, w.as presently aggravated by one of the 
crew, who, after going with them ashore, suddenly seized the Indian 
boy and held him fast. Castine, perceiving the clinch to be violent 
and unprovoked, shot the sailor dead, and escaped with the boy into 
the woods. The conduct of these mariners was a great reproach to 
them, and in every respect the height of impolicy; for the Indians 
were now entertaining thoughts of peace, and Castine, who still pos- 
sessed great influence among them, had more than once attested his 
magnanimity by instances of friendship and a forbearing spirit towards 
the English. 

The following incident succeeding one of the wars is 
also related by Mr. Williamson : 

But the most memorable engagement of any hitherto since the war 
happened. May ist, at the St. George river. It being an inviting 
morning, April 30th, Captain Josiah Winslow, commander of the fort, 
selected si.xteen of the ablest men belonging to the garrison, and in 
a couple of staunch whale-boats preceded down the river, and 
thence to the Green Islands in Penobscot bay, which at this season of 
the year were frecjuented by the Indians for fowling. Though Winslow 
and his companions made no discovery, their movements were watched 
by the wary enemy; and on their return the ne.xt day, as they were as- 
cending the river, they fell into a fatal ambush of the Indians, cower- 
ing under each of its banks. They permuted Winslow to pass, and 
then fired into the other boat, w-hich was commanded by Harvey, a 
sergeant, and was nearer the shore. Harvey fell. A brisk discharge 
of musquelry was returned upon the assailants, when Winslow, ob- 
serving the imminent exposure of his companions, though he was 
himself out of danger, hastened back to their assistance. In an in- 
stant he found himself surrounded by thirty canoes and threefold that 
number of armed savages, who raised a hideous whoop and fell upon 
the two boat-crews with desperate fury. The skirmish was severe and 
bloody; when Winslow and his men, perceiving inevitable death to be 
the only alternative, resolved to sell their lives at the dearest rate. 
They made a most determined and gallant defence ; and, after nearly 
all of them were .dead or mortally wounded, himself ha\ing his thigh 
fractured and being extremely exhausted, his shattered bark was set to 
the shore. Here being waylaid, he fought a savage hand to hand 
with the greatest personal courage, beat off the foe, and then, resting 
on his knee, shot one ere they could dispatch him. Thus fell the in- 
trepid Winslow and every one of his brave company, except three 
friendly Indians, who were suffered to escape and communicate particu- 
lars to the garrison. The Tarratines, who were rather a valiant than a 
cruel people, composed the Indian parly ; and their loss, though never 
known, is supposed to have doubled ours. In this action, inconsider- 
able as were the numbers engaged, there was a remarkable display on 
both sides of boldness and good conduct. 1'he death of Captain 
Winslow was severely felt and lamented. He was a young ofiicer of 
military talents and great worth, a late graduate of Harvard college, 
and a descendant of one of the best families in the province. 

ANOTHER INTERESTING NARR.VnVE, 

somewhat related to the Penobscot country, but dating 
back more than two hundred years, to the fall of 1C76, is 
also derived from Williamson's History : 



The story of Thomas Cobbet, one of the captives taken the last au- 
tumn at Richmond Island, who returned home with Captam Moore, is 
worthy of particular mention. His father was the minister of Ipswich. 
After being wounded by a musket-shot, his hands were fast tied, and in 
the division of the captives it was his most unfortunate lot to be as_ 
signed to an Indian of the worst character. Young Cobbet's first duty 
was to manage the captured ketch of Fryer, in saihng to Sheepscot. and 
from that place to paddle a canoe, carrying his master and himself, to 
Penob.scot, and thence to their hunting ground at Mount Desert. He 
suffered the extremes of cold, fatigue, and famine; and because he 
could not understand the Indian dialect, the savage often drevii his knife 
upon him, threatening him with instant death. In hunting on a day of 
severe cold, he fell down in the snow, benumbed, famished, and sense- 
less. Here he must have perished, had not tlie more humane hunters 
conveyed him to a wigwam and restored him. At another time his sav- 
age master w-as drunk five successive days, in which he was fearfully 
raving like a wild beast. To such an alarming degree did he beat and 
abuse his own squaws, that Cobbel, who knew himself to be much more 
obnoxious than they to his fury, fled into the woods to save his life; 
where he made a fire, formed a slender covert, and the squaws fed him. 

At the end of nine weeks the Indians had a great powwow, and his 
master sent him to Mons. Castine for ammunition to kill moose and 
deer. He arrived at a most opportune hour, just before Mugg's de- 
parture to Teconnet, who readily called him by name. "Ah," said 
Mugg, " I saw your father when I went to Boston, and I told him his 
son should return. He must be released according to treaty." "Yes," 
replied Madockawando, " but the captain must give me the fine coat he 
has in the vessel; for his father is a great preach-man, or chief speaker, 
among Englishmen." This request was granted, and young Cobbet 
saw his demoniac master no more. 

GVLES'S CAPTIVITY AMONG THE PENOBSCOTS. 

In the early part of August, 1689, an attack was made 
by a war-party from Penobscot upon the fort at Pema- 
quid, which was captured. Judge Thomas Gyles, chief 
justice of the district, was seized upon his farm, three 
miles from Jamestown, and tomahawked, while most of 
his family were carried off into captivity. One of the 
sons, taken into the Penobscot country, left a narrative of 
the massacre and his subsequent adventures, from which 
Mr. Rufus King Sewall has made an abridgment in his 
Ancient Dominions of Maine. We extract the following: 

-At Mattawamkeag, up the Penobscot, they encountered a lodge of 
dancing women. Young Gyles was flung into the midst of the circle. 
An old squaw led him into the ring, when some seized him by the hair 
of the head and others by his hands and feet, with great violence and 
menaces of evil. At this moment his master entered and bought the 
child off from the horrors of the gauntlet dance, by flinging down a 
pledge. 

Gyles, the second year of his captivity, was sent toward the sea, with 
other natives, to plant com near the fort. 

On reaching the village of wigwams, he was greeted by three or four 
Indians, who dragged him to the great wigwam, where, with savage 
yells and dances, the warriors were leaping about a James Alexander, 
recently captured at Falmouth. Two families of Sable Indians, whose 
friends had been lost by the attacks of English fishermen, had reached 
this point, on a scout westward, to avenge the blood of their slaugh- 
tered friends. These savages were thirsting for the blood of an Eng- 
i^lishman. They rushed upon Gyles and tossed him into the ring. He 
was then dragged out by the hair of his head, his body bent forward by 
the same painful process, when he was cruelly beaten over his head and 
shoulders. Others, putting a tomahawk into his hands, bid him "sing 
and dance Indian." The Sable Indians .again rushed upon him in great 
rage, crying, " ' Shall we who have lost relatives by the English suffer an 
English voice to be heard among us?" He was beaten with an axe. 
No one showed a spark of humanity save a Frenchman, whose cheeks 
were wet with tears of pity at the sorrows of the captive white man. 

The trials of this scene lasted a whole day. Another dance was pro- 
jected. Gyles had been sent out to dress a skin for the manufacture of 
leather. A friendly Indian sought him at his place of labor, and 
warned him that his friend Alexander had fallen into the hands of his 
enemies again, and they were searching for him. His master and mis- 
tress bade him fly and hide himself till they both should come and call 



36 



HISTORY OF PENOliSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



him. which Ihey would do when the peril was ended. Gyles retired 
and sought concealment in the fastnesses of a neighboring swamp, and 
had scarcely attained his refuge when deafening whooi)s, mingled with 
threats and flatteries, told him that the savages were on his track- 
They sought him till evening, and then called — "Chon, Chon !' But 
Chen would not trust them. Thus he escaped till the company had 
dispersed ; when he went forth from his covert, assured of his safely by 
the appearance of his master and mistress. 

Onerous and servile duties were required of captives. One of these^ 
in the case of Gyles and Alexander, was that of ' 'toting" water from a 
cool and- distant spring to the village lodge. 

Wearied with toil, in the language of Gyles, "being almost dead, 
James and I continued to relieve our toil by frightening the Indians." 

At this period the Mohawks were a great source of alarm tu tlic 
Eastern tribes, the rumor of whose alliance with the English had uuu 
generally obtained. The traditions of this race were a commentary of 
deeds of daring and success, handed down from remote periods in the 
history of the aborigines of the American coast. 

The two prisoners adroitly turned this infirnuty of their savage 
masters to good account, on a dark night. 

Alexander having been sent out for water, set his kettle on the brow 
of the declivity, ran back to the lodges and told his master he feared 
there were Mohawks lurking near the spring below, which, by the way, 
was environed with stumps. 

The braves of the tribe, with the master, accompanied the captive 
Ale.xander on a reconnoisance. Approaching the brow of the hillside, 
whereon the kettle sat, James, pointing to the stumps, gave it a kick 
with his foot, by which his toe sent the iron vessel down the declivity 
toward the spring; and every turn of the revolving bucket reared a 
Mohawk on every stump, the clatter of whose arms was the signal of 
preparation for battle; and he who could run fastest was the best fellow! 
The result was a regular stampede of 30 or 40 warriors into the interior 
forests, beyond the reach "of strange Indians." 

Natural admiration is e.xcited in view of acts of personal courage 
and physical prowess, and this would seem to be a spontaneous devel- 
opment of the human mind. 

At one time Gyles, during his captivity, encountered an ill-natured 
savage. He had been cutting wood, which was bound up with thongs 
and borne in bundles to the wigwam. While thus engaged, a stout, 
ill-natured young fellow pushed him upon the ground backwards, sat 
upon his breast, pulled out his knife and menaced him with death, 
saying, "he never had jiet killed one of the English." 

Gyles replied, "he might go to war, and that would be more manly 
than to kill a poor captive who was doing their drudgery." But the 
savage began to cut and stab him on the breast, in defiance of all 
expostulation. Provoked to desperation. Gyles seized the Indian by 
the hair of his head, and tumbling him off, followed up the movement 
with his knees and fists, till copper-skin cried "enough." On feeling 
the smart of his wounds, and seeing the blood which fell from his 
bosom, "Gyles at him again," bade him get up and not lie there like 
a dog; reproached him with his barbarities and cowardly cruelties to 
other poor captives, and put him on his good behavior hereafter, on 
the peril of a double dose of fist and boot cuffs. 

Gyles was never after molested, and was commended by the tribe 
for inflicting the merited chastisement. 

Metallic vessels for culinary use were not required by the natives 
among whom Gyles was a captive. A birchen bucket filled with water, 
heated by the immersion of red-hot stones, would speedily boil the 
toughest neck-pieces of beef. 

The necessity of lucifer matches was forestalled by rapidly revolving 
the sharpened point of an upright piece of wood in the socket or 
cavity of a horizontal base, till a blaze was kindled. 

The incantations of the powwow, among the unchristianized 
natives, prevailed. For the dead great mourning was made. In the 
shadowy and sombre stillness of evening twilight, a squaw breaks the 
silence, wandering over the highest cliff-tops near her lodge, crying in 
mournful and long drawn numbers, — "Oh, hawe-hawe!" 

But, the season of mourning being ended, the relatives of the dead 
end their sad memories in a feast, and the bereaved is permitted to 
marry again. Purchased by a French trader, during the Eastern expe- 
dition of Colonel Hawthorne, Gyles, after a servitude of nine years, 
was restored to his home and surviving friends, and for many years 
served his Government in the capacity of an Indian interpreter and in 
the army. The elder brother of Gyles, after three years of captivity, 
attempted to escape and was retaken. On the heights of Castine, 
overlooking the waters of Penobscot bay, he was tortured by fire at 
the stake; his nose and ears were cut off and forced into his mouth, 



which he was compelled to cat; and then he was burnt as a diversion 
to enliven the scene of a dance. 

A MODERN AFFAIR. 

The following incident, of comparatively recent date, 
is given by Mr. Williamson, in the first volume of his 
History of Maine: 

Among the natives the law of retaliation is considered a dictate of 
nature, always justifiable. The vile, they think, are deterred from the 
commission of crimes through the perpetual fear of the avenger, if 
they tran.sgress. An Indian was never known to ask redress through 
the medium of our laws and courts, for an injury done him by one of 
his tribe. Nor was there an instance, till quite lately, where a white 
man ever sued an Indian in a civil action. But jjrosecutions have fre- 
quently been instituted at law upon complaints, both of the English- 
man and the Indian, for crimes committed by either against the other. 

The trial and story of Peol Susup, so much in point, may be retold. 
About sunset, June 28, 1816, this Indian's turbulence and noise, in the 
tavern of William Knight, at Bangor, became intoleraljle , and the 
inn-keeper thrust him out of the door, and endeavored to drive him 
away. The Indian, instantly turning in a great rage, pursued him to 
the steps with a drawn kmfe, and gave him a deep wound, just below 
his shoulder-blade, of which he presently died. 

On his arrest, Susup frankly said, "I have killed Knight, and I 
ought to die; but I was in liquor and he abused me , or I never had 
done it." 

.■\fter an imprisonment till the June term of the Sujirenie Judicial 
Court, at Castine, the subsequent year, he was arraigned on an indict- 
ment for murder, to which he pleaded "not guilty." A day was con- 
sumed in the trial, amidst a concourse which crow'ded the meeting- 
house, and, according to the position urged by his counsel, the verdict 
was "manslaughter." 

The Court then said to him, "Susup, have you anything now to say 
for yourself ?" — "John Neptune," said he, "will speak for me." That 
Indian then stepped forward from the midst of his associates, towards 
the judges, and deliberately addressed them in an impressive speech of 
several minutes. He spake in broken English, yet every word was dis- 
tinctly heard and easily understood. His questions were frequent and 
forcible ; his manner solemn ; and a breathless silence pervaded the 
whole assembly. He began ; "You know your people do my Indians 
great deal of wrong. They abuse them very much ; yes, they murder 
them ; then they walk right off— nobody touches them. This makes 
my heart burn. Well, then, my Indians say, 'we'll go kill your very 
bad and wicked men.' 'No,' I tell 'em, 'never do that thing ; we are 
brothers.' Some time ago a very bad man about Boston shot an Indi- 
an dead. Your people said, 'surely he should die ;' but not so. In the 
great prison-house he eats and lives to this day ; certain he never dies 
for killing Indian. My brothers say, 'let that bloody man go free ; — 
Peol .Susup too. ' So we wish; hope fills the hearts of us all. Peace 
is good. These, my Indians, love it well ; they smile under its shade. ' 
The white man and red man must be always friends; the Great Spirit 
is our Father; I speak w'hat I feel." 

Susup was sentenced to another year's imprisonment, and re(iuired 
to find sureties for keeping the peace two years, in the penal sum of 
five hundred dollars; when John Neptune and Squire Jo Merry Nep- 
tune, of his own tribe. Captain Solmond, from Passamaquoddy, and 
Captain Jo Tomer, from the river St. John, became his sureties in the 
recognizance. 

THE TARRATINE CHIEFS THE BASHABA. 

Some mention of this chief potentate of the Eastern 
Indians will fitly come in here. He is named very early 
in the New England literature by Captain John Smith, 
and it is not unlikely that the name is one of this ro- 
mancer's [lure inventions, as it is strongly reminiscent of 
"bashaw," a title with which he must have become suf- 
ficiently familiar during his Turkish experience. The 
counsellors or wise men of the tribes were the sachems; 
the chief of these, or the chief magistrate, was the saga- 
more; and the chief of the sagamores, or ruler over all 
the tribes, was the Bashaba. 

"We have no account," says Belknap, author of the 
History of New Hampshire, "of any other Indian chief 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, 



37 



in these Noithern parts whose authority was so extensive." 

"He is a great governor," said Captain Francis, one 
of th'e Tarratine cliiefs. "He had under him," wrote 
Gorges, "many great sagamores, some of whom had a 
thousand or fifteen hundred bowmen;" and in another 
place: "He seemed to be of some eminence above the 
rest in all that part of the continent." 

Some writers, as Palfrey, affirm difference in rank be- 
tween the sachems and the sagamores, saying that the 
former were superior; others, as Gookin, say the titles 
were equivalent or correspondent. Dudley, while re- 
marking their equivalence, says the chiefs of the Northern 
Indians were called sagamores; those further south were 
sachems. 

The dominion of the Bashaba was altogether in " Ma- 
voshen," the present Maine. The Saco, says Purchas, 
in the Pilgrims, "is the westernmost river of the domin- 
ions of Bashebez;" and again: "To the easternmost of 
Sagadahock, this is the Bashaba's dominion." Smith 
rather doubtfully asserts, however, that, though the tribes 
as far westward as Naumkeag (Salem) had their own 
sachems, "they hold the Bashaba to be chief, and the 
greatest among them." Gorges and other New England 
writers are probably more nearly correct in representing 
the Massachusetts Indians as allies rather than subjects 
of the Bashaba, although somstimes they changed to 
deadly enemies. Some writers, as Williamson, would 
restrict his dominion on the eastward to St. George's; 
but the strong probability, if not reasonable certainty, is 
that it included the Penobscot country. Indeed, Bryant 
& Gay, in their Popular History, plainly say that "this 
great lord of the Penobscot country was called the Bash- 
aba; but, although a good many names of local saga- 
mores of distinction are mentioned in the early annals, 
nobody ever had an interview with the veritable Bashaba. 
It is probable that the term basliaba 
merely indicated the sagamore who happened at differ- 
ent times to enjoy the ascendency among the Penobscot 
tribes. " 

The Hon. Judge Godfrey, of Bangor, in a brief essay 
on "Bashaba and the Tarratines," in the seventh volume 
of the Maine Historical Collections, expresses the view 
that Bashaba was not a title, but the individual name of 
a chief, and supports his theory quite strongly. He 
identifies "the Bashaba" with "Bessabes," mentioned by 
Champlain simply as a captain or chief of the savages 
who had led him to the "rapids of Norumbega," above 
Bangor, the other chief who met him being "Cabahis." 
The same dignitary, he thinks, is named in the Jesuit 
Relation of i6i i as Betsabes, the "Sagamopf Kadesquit" 
(Bangor), and one of the Indian captains, the others be- 
ing Oguigueou and Asticon. He, says the Relation, 
when the priests at Mt. Desert "made as though the 
place did not please us, and that we should go to another 
part," "himself came for us to allure us by a thousand 
promises, having heard that we proposed to go there [to 
Kadesquit] to dwell." According to Lescarbot, Bess- 
abes or Bashaba was killed by the English, and Asticon 
became his successor. 

His capital, or place of residence, is scarcely less in dis- 



cussion. Gorges says: "His chief abode was not far 
from Pemaquid." Smith, Purchas, and others, suppose 
that he lived towards or near the Penobscot Bay; and 
\Villiamson, latest of the historians, avers that "his place 
of immediate residence was probably between that river 
[the Pemaquid] and Penobscot Bay." Mr. Folsoni, in 
his historical discourse published in the Maine Histor- 
ical Collections, says: "The place of his residence was 
probably on the banks of the Penobscot ; and, as it was 
also the seat of his government, the fabulous assertions 
of a large city in that quarter may have arisen from an 
exaggerated description of the humble capital of the Ba- 
shaba's dominions." An old tradition fixed the aborig- 
inal seat of power in "Norumbega," by which name the 
Maine country was first known abroad and also early on 
the old maps, in a town — some say great city — on the 
east side of the Penobscot river, about opposite the site 
of Bangor; and the Indians of that region, when first 
met by the white men, also referred to a site of ancient 
rule somewhere in the interior. Stachey says in one 
place: "Early in the morninge the salvadges departed in 
their canoas for the river of Pemaquid, promising Capt. 
Gilbert to accompany him in their canoas to the river of 
Penobscot, where the bassaba dwells." The indications 
are that the Bashaba's capital, if anything more than an 
ordinary Indian village, in the course of generations or 
centuries had removed from the north to the coast about 
or a little above the mouth of the Penobscot, and thence 
gradually westward. 

The Bashaba was not unlike more civilized princes, in 
that he expected the courtesy of a call from other 
potentates or from strangers who entered his realm. The 
Bashaba expected, says Gorges, in his Description of 
New England, "all strangers to have their address to him, 
and not he to them." When the colony of Gorges and 
Popham arrived at Sagadahoc, in 1607, it was cordially 
received by the natives, and some of the sagamores of- 
fered to accompany the English to the Bashaba, saying 
that he was a mighty prince, ruling all the sachems from 
Penobscot to Piscataqua, and that all visitors to his do- 
mains were expected to pay him their respects. Popham, 
President of the Colony Council, accordingly proceeded 
some leagues along the coast toward Pemaquid, near 
which the dignitary dwelt; but was driven back by head 
winds and bad weather. The Bashaba, informed of this, 
sent his own son to return the intended visit, and open 
trade with the company in furs and peltry. The utmost 
courtesy and kindness were shown the strangers, although 
Weymouth had but a short time before forcibly seized 
and carried away several natives from the coast. In Sep- 
tember of the same year several Penobscot chiefs, com- 
ing in canoes, were entertained by Popham at the Pema- 
quid f(J^t. They, says the account, "besought Captain 
Gilbert to accompany them in their canoes to the river 
of Penobscot, where the Bashaba dwelt." 

When Weymouth's expedition was on the coast, in 
1 605, one party of Indians, pointing eastward, endeavored 
to prompt him to a visit by signifying that "the Bashebe, 
their king, had plenty of furs and much tobacco;" and 
again, when Weymouth's pinnace was on its return to the 



38 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ti 



ship from the journey up the Penobscot, as is supposed, 
three Indians came in a canoe from the eastern part of 
the bay, one of whom, says the captain in his journal, 
"we had before seen, and this coming was very earnestly 
to importune us to let one of our men go with them to 
the Bashebe, and then the next morning he could come 
to our ship with furs and tobacco." Weymouth, how- 
ever, was naturally suspicious of treachery, as he had 
seized five of the Maine Indians, and had theni at that 
moment in the hold. He therefore resisted all induce- 
ments and invitations of the savages to visit their great 
Mogul. Captain Smith, who tells the same story, with 
considerable embellishment, in his History of New Eng- 
land, also says that he was urged by the natives about St. 
George's to visit and pay his respects to their prince. 

The one now living (in 1608) must have been the last 
of the Bashabas. A terrible war broke out about 1615, 
between the Tarratines, or Penobscot Indians, and the 
tribes to the westward, "on account," says Hubbard, "of 
some treachery committed by the western tributaries of 
the Bashaba, a great Indian prince, towards the Tarra- 
tines." The latter began hostilities, it is believed, in the 
early spring of 161 5, and carried the war into the ene- 
my's country. I'^or two years it raged fiercely, and ended 
only in the death of the Bashaba, whose sacred person 
and capital were not exeuipt from attack, the laying waste 
of his immediate domains, and the seizure and carrying 
away of all his women and valuable effects. He had no 
successor, and the power of the Abenakis was hopelessly 
broken. Mr. Williamson says of this struggle : 

This war. not only in its course, but consequences, was, we are told, 
uncommonly destructive. The vanquished had been called from their 
himting grounds, and prevented likewise from planting and fishing: 
their habitations were destroyed, and famine and distress soon filled 
the country with misery. Add to these the calamities of a ci\'il w'ar — 
for the subordinate sachems, having no federal head or superior to 
control and unite them, after the death of the Bashaba many of the 
chief men fell into bloody feuds among themselves. 

To these distresses succeeded a pestilence, which spread far and 
wide, and was exceedingly fatal. It has been called the plague. It 
raged in the years i6i7and 1618, and its wasting effects e.xtended from 
the borders of the Tarratines, through the whole country, to the Nar- 
ragansetts. The people died suddenly, and in great numbers, through 
the whole intermediate coast. It is said some native tribes became 
extinct, and their bones were seen years afterwards by the English 
bleaching above ground, at and around the places of their former habi- 
tations. The specific disease is not certainly known. Some have 
thought it was probably the small-pox; others have believed it must have 
been the yellow fever, from the circumstance that the surviving Indians 
represented tlie bodies of the sick and dead to have assumed an appear- 
ance resembling a yellow-colored garment. 

LATER tarratinp: CHIEF.S. 
After the Bashaba, whoever or whatever he may have 
been, we have but few accounts of the chiefs or saga- 
mores. One of the most famous in Maine at the time 
of King IMiilip's war was Madockawando, adopted son 
of a renowned chief and rei)Uted orator, Assiminasqua, 
who was in his day sagamore of the Canibas, another 
of the Abenaki tribes. Madockawando was father-in- 
law of Baron Castine, if the latter ever really married his 
daughter, who lived with the I'renclijnan upon the foot- 
ing of a wife. He is said to have been a sagacious, seri- 
ous man who, like Squando, the contemporaneous saga- 
more of the Sokokies, claimed to have supernatural 



visions and revelations. His first officer or ])rincipal ad- 
viser was Mugg or Mogg, who is considered by Willianr- 
son "the most cunning Indian of the age." Mugg derived 
great advantage during the troubles between the English 
and the Indians, from his former residence in English 
families and his acquaintance with the English language 
and habits. Shortly after the war with King Philip broke 
out. Captain Fryer, of Portsmouth, was attacked with his 
crew at Richmond island, where they were loading a 
vessel with valuable property, to keep it from being plun- 
dered by the savages. Fryer was wounded, and all were 
taken prisoners. Mugg, after making an attack upon the 
garrison at Wells, in which he killed two persons and did 
considerable mischief, carried Fryer, then dying of his 
wounds, to Piscataqua, and proposed on behalf of his 
master to negotiate a peace. Madockawando had orig- 
inally been opposed to the war, as he was untroubled by 
the English, and his people were carrying on a profitable 
trade with the French at Castine's post: it is probable, 
therefore, that the offer of Mugg, so far, at least, as it 
represented his superior's views, was sincere. Mugg was 
sent on to Boston; and there, November 6, 1875, on be- 
half of Madockawando and another chief named Che- 
beirina, he did negotiate a treaty with the Governor and 
Council, (jroviding, chiefly, that all acts of hostility should 
cease, that all English captives, vessels, and goods should 
be restored, and that the Penobscot sachems should take 
arms against the Anasagunticooks and any other Eastern 
Indians that should persist in the war. An English 
officer was sent in a vessel with Mugg to Penobscot, 
where Madockawando ratified the treaty and delivered 
u[) such captives as were at hand. Only part of the 
whole number, however, were returned; there was bad 
faith otherwise on the part of the Indians; and hostilities 
were renewed by the English in February at Mare Point, 
Pemaquid, Arrowsick, and other places. After an attack 
upon Wells, the garrison at Black Point was besieged, 
May i6th, "with an uncommon boldness and pertinaci- 
ty," says Williamson. A three-days' siege ensued, with 
very sharp fighting, during which Mugg was killed. Wil- 
liamson continues: 

The loss of this leader so damped the courage of his companions 
that they, in desp.air of victory, departed. Mogg had alternately 
brightened and sh.aded his own character, until the most skilful pencil 
would find it difficult so draw its just portrait. To the English this 
remarkable native w.as friend or foe, and among his own people coun- 
sellor, peacemaker, fighter, or emissary, just as self-interest or the par- 
ticular occasion might dictate. His address was inspiring, and his 
natural good sense and sagacity partially inclined Iiini to be an advo- 
cate for peace. 

The poet Whittier, in his versified legend of Mogg 

Megone, giv(j(i this description of the equi])ment of the 

famous lieutenant of Madockawando: 

Megone hath his knife, and hatchet, and gun, 
And his gaudy and tasselled blanket on; 
His knife hath a handle with gold inlaid. 
And magic words on its polished blade — 
'Twas the gift of Castine to Mogg Megone, 
For a scalp or twain from the Yengees torn; 
His gun was the gift of the Tarratine, 

And Madockawando's wives had strung 
The brass and the beads which tinkle and shine 
On the polished breech, and broad, bright line 

Of beaded wampum around it hung. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



39 



Madockawando himself has afterwards more promi- 
nence in history, but not for some years. In 1689 he 
led a party of several Indians, with an interpreter, from 
Penobscot to Boston, to represent to the authorities that 
Castine was greatly enraged with the English for plun- 
dering his farm-house, and that there was reason to appre- 
hend another terrible war. The sagamore was very 
kindly received, laded with presents, and sent home in 
the "colony sloo|i, with an apologetic letter to the irate 
Frenchman. The previous year Madockawando had 
given his voice at the outset against the outbreak which 
resulted in King William's war, and agreed to negotiate 
a treaty, in which it is thought the Eastern tribes would 
have joined; but all were overruled by the influence of 
Castine, and the war opened at North Yarmouth the next 
August. In 1690 he again appears, as joint leader with 
Castine of a force of natives going from the eastward to 
reinforce the French and Indians being collected at 
Casco Bay to attack Falmouth, which resulted in the 
fall of the place, the capture of Fort Loyal, and the par- 
tial massacre of the garrison, with many of the women 
and children. Two years later the third Eastern expedi- 
tion of Major Benjamin Church brought him into this 
sagamore's country. He landed a party on the Seven 
Hundred Acre Island, in Penobscot Bay, and was there 
informed by some Frenchmen, who were living with their 
families and Indian wives upon the island, that a great 
number of the savages were on a neighboring (probably 
Long) island, and that they hastened away in their 
canoes as soon as they saw the ships of Church. They 
could not be pursued past the peninsula without small 
boats, which Church had not in sufficient number; so he 
seized five Indians, with a lot of corn and beaver and 
moose-skins, and set sail for Pemaquid. Madockawando, 
with other chiefs, had become greatly exasperated by the 
outrages committed on these expeditions, and in August 
he visited Count Frontenac at Quebec, presented five 
English prisoners, for which he received a reward, and 
made an agreement that Frontenac should send two 
ships of-war and two hundred Canadians to Penobscot, 
while he joined them there with two to three hundred 
Indians. The united force would then devastate the 
coast below Penobscot, and destroy the new Fort Wil- 
liam Henry at Pemaquid. Information of this plan was 
sent to Boston by Nelson English, Governor of Nova 
Scotia after its conquest by Phips, but now in captivity 
at Quebec; and ste])s were taken to meet it. In the 
late autumn the French ships and men, under Iberville, 
arrived at Penobscot and were joined by Villebon and a 
large force of Indians. All proceeded together to Fort 
U'illiam Henry; but, finding it strongly built and de- 
fended, and an English vessel at anchor under its guns, 
the expedition returned without an attack, the savages, it 
is said, fiercely stamping the ground in their disappoint- 
ment. The next year, August 11, 1693, after a vigorous 
campaign by the English under Major Converse, all the 
Eastern tribes came into the new garrison at Pemaquid 
by their representatives, and negotiated a treaty. Among 
the thirteen sagamores signing this convention appear 
the hieroglyphics of Madockawando and another chief 



of the Tarratines, called Abenquid. War soon broke out 
afresh, however, under the instigation of the Jesuit mis- 
sionaries, inspired by Frontenac; and in July, 1694, Ma- 
dockawando again comes to the front as one of three 
subordinate leaders, under the Sieur de Villieu, now- 
resident commander at Penobscot, of a force of two 
hundred and fifty Indians, which attacked and destroyed 
Dover, New Hampshire, plundered other settlements 
farther away, returned to Maine and made a des[)erate 
attack upon Kittery, where they killed eight persons, but 
seem to have retired unsuccessful. With these exploits 
Madockawando's career as a warrior probably ended. He 
died soon after, as did "other sachems of the East," ac- 
cording to Cotton Mather, "victims to the grievous un- 
known disease, which consumed them [the Indians] 
wonderfully." 

At various times during the last century, in signatures 
to treaties negotiated with the English, we meet with the 
names of chiefs of the Tarratines — in these instruments 
always called the Penobscot Indians. Thus, Wenemou- 
ett appears as the chief sachem of the Penobscots in 
August, 1726, signing Governor Duminer's treaty at Fal- 
mouth, with Esj^egnect as second chief, whose signature 
also appears under date June 17, 1727. The treaty of 
October 16, 1749, was signed on behalf of the same 
tribe by Eger Emmet, Nagamumba, Nictuirbouit, Efvar- 
agoosaret, and Nemoon. Three jears later a single 
head inan or chief, who rejoiced in the English or French 
title of Colonel Louis, was the negotiator of a treaty as 
representative of the Penobscots. This Colonel Lewis, 
on this occasion of meeting the Massachusetts commis- 
sioners at St. George's, said, among other things: "We 
have have had great and long experience of Captain 
Bradley's friend. The lieutenant is a good truck-master. 
It would do your hearts good to see how kind he is to 
us, and how justly he treats us." He asked for a shelter 
by the mill, to provide for drunken Indians who lay out 
over night, also for a bridge, and a causeway over Long 
Meadow, on the road or trail to the mills. Orders were 
given by the commissioners that the desired house and 
bridge should be built by Cajnain Bradley. A black- 
smith was asked for also, and the attention of the Gov- 
ernment to the matter was promised. A belt of wam- 
pum was given to Louis to lodge at Penobscot with a 
copy of the treaty. 

We are not aware that anything further is known of 
these minor heroes of history. Of Joseph Orono, how- 
ever, one of the later chiels, mucli moie is known. 
From a sketch contributed by the historian Williamson 
to the Massachusetts Historical Collections, many years 
ago, we extract the following: 

Juhcph Orono. the subject of tins sketch, was for a long time tlie 
well-known chief of the Tarr.itine Indians, un the river Pciioliscot. 
But. thougli he was only an Indian s.-igamore, his name, for the merits 
of his character, is worthy of remembrance and respect. His ances- 
try, as well as the exact number of his years, is involved in some 
doubt. For there are no family names among the natives, by which 
the lineage of any individual can be traced, as a son inherits no name 
of his father. 

There has been a story that he was a native of York, in this Slate, 
born about the year 1688; that his paternal name was Donmel, and 
that he was one of the captive children taken in the winter of 1692, 



40 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



when that place was ravaged by the Indians. But this account is im- 
proliahle; as the Northern Indians and those of the Merrimac and 
Androscoggin made the attack, and soon afterwards sent liack to the 
garrison-houses the elderly women and the children between the ages 
of tliroe and seven years, in recompense to the Enghsh for previously 
sparing the lives of several Indian females and children at Pejepscot. 
At that time, moreover, the Donmel family was one of the most dis- 
tinguished in the |)rovince, Samuel being tl)e same year one of the 
council, and his brother a man of considerable note. So that, if a son 
of either of them had been taken captive, it is |)robable lie was returned 
or rccoveretl ; or. at least, there would have been some traditional ac- 
count of his being carried away. But no such report, even in York, 
has come down to this generation; and Capt. Joseph Munsell, of Ban- 
gor, now in liis 88th year, says the story has no foimdation in fact, and 
has been treated by the intelligi-nt Indians with derision. 

Another account, e(|ually amusing, and more evident, is that Orono 
was the descendant of Bason de Castine, a French nobleman who, 
soon after the treaty of Breda, in 1667. located himself on the penin- 
sula of the town which now bears his name, and married a daughter of 
the celebrated Madockawando. a Tarratine chief of the age. It is true 
that Castine resided many years at that place, and carried on a very 
lucrative trade with the natives ; that he had three or four Tarratine 
wives, one being that sagamore's daughter; and that of his several 
children, one was "Castine the younger," a very worthy man, and 
another, a very beautiful daughter, who married a Frenchman, and 
was with her children, in 1704, taken captive. One of these, it has 
been supposed, was Orono; yet this rests too much on mere probabil- 
ity and conjecture to deserve entire belief 

But, whatever may have been the lineage or extraction of Orono, it 
is certain he was white in part, a half-breed or more — such being ap- 
parent in his stature, features, and complexion. He himself told Cap- 
tain Munsell his father was a Frenchman and his mother was Iialf French 
and half Indian; but who they were by name i;e did not state. Orono 
had not the copper colored countenance, the sparkling eyes, the high 
cheek-bones, tawny features of a pristine native. On the contrary, his 
eyes were of a bright blue shade, penetrating and full of intelligence 
and Ijenignity, His hair, when young, was brown, perhaps approach- 
ing to an auburn cast ; his face was large, broad, and well-formed, of a 
sickly whiteness, susceptible of ready blushes, and remarkalily sedate. 
In his person he was tall, straight, and perfectly proportioned ; and in 
his gait there was a gracefulness which of itself evinced his superiority. 
He did not incline his head forwaid, nor his feet inward, so much as 
Indians usually do. But what principally gave him distinction was his 
mind, his manners, and his disposition. For Orono was a man of good 
sense and great discernment ;— in mood thoughtful, in conversation re- 
served, in feelings benign. Hence he never allowed himself to speak 
till he had considered what to say, always e.xpressing his thoughts in 
short sentences, directly to the point. He had not much learning, be- 
ing only able to read a little and write his name. But he could con- 
verse freely in three languages— the Indian, F'rench, and English ; pei- 
haps, also, understood some Latin phrases in the Romish litany. To 
the Catholic religion he was strongly attached, and also to its forms of 
worship. Hence the Rev. Daniel Little, of Kennebeck, a I'rotestant 
missionary to the tribe after the Revolution, unable to shake his faith, 
asked three times, before he could get an answer from the .sedate chief 
thus; "In what language do you pray? " With a gravity much more 
becoming than that of the missionary, he very reverently, raising his 
eyes a little, leplied, '■ No matter what,— Great .Spirit knows all lan- 
guages." 

Orono's manners were both conciliating and commanding, and his 
habits worthy of all imitation. For he was not only honest, chaste, 
temperate, and industrious ; his word was sacred, and his friendship 
unchanging. He was remarkable for his forethought and wisdom, for 
his mild and equal disposition. Though he was not deficient in cour- 
age or any of the marlial virtues, he was so fully aware how much wars 
had wasted his tribe and entailed misery on the survivors, as to become, 
from princi|)le, a uniform and jiersevering advocate of peace. He 
knew, and always kibored to convince his people, that they flourished 
best and enjoyed most under its refreshing shade. 

At the commencement of the French and sixth Indi.an war, in 1754, 
Tomasus (or Tainor) was at the head of the tribe, when he, Osson, O- 
rono, and other chief men, so warmly espoused the policy of perpet- 
uating peace, as to prevent the commisson of any mischief by their 
people, till after the Casgill affair and the declaration of war against 
them by the provincial government. The fact was that Captain James 
Casgill, of Newcastle, commissioned to raise a company of volunteers, 
enlisted and led them on an excursion into the woods towards Owl's 



Head, in the vicinity of Penobscot Bay. Discovering a party of In- 
dian hunters, Casgill and his company instantly fired upon them, shot 
down twelve on the spot, and took their scalps , the rest fleeing for 
their lives to the tribe, carried to it the tidings of the bloody and 
wicked transaction. Casgill was generally and highly censured by the 
white people, it being believed he must have known the unhappy hun- 
ters belonged to the tribe of the friendly Tarratines. 

Never were the feelings of the tribe put to severer trial. For the 
provincial governor, perplexed at the nefarious affair, sent a message 
to the sagamores, stating that it was impossible to distinguish between 
their Indians and others, and that they must, within eight days, accord- 
ing to the last treaty, send twenty men to join in the war against the 
common enemy, or their tribe would be treated as belligerent foes. 

"What! take arms in aid of men who had themselves broken the 
treaty, — base men, whose hands are reeking with the blood of unoffend- 
ing Indians? Aunt-ah, aunt-ah [no ! no!]," cried the chief speaker in 
a council met on the occasion. "Send the H^ar-whoop ! Strike through 
the false-hearted white men ! Burn to ashes their wives, —their wig- 
wams, too ! Take blood for blood ! The spirits of our murdered broth- 
ers call to us for revenge. The winds howl to us fionj the wilderness. 
Sister widows cry, — orphans too. Do not Indians feel? Cut their 
veins ; do they not bleed ? The moose bellows over wasted blood. The 
bear licks the bleeding wounds of its cub. O Metunk-senah ! Metunk- 
senah ! [Our Father, our Heavenly Father], pity our mourners. 
Avenge ill-treated Indians. Our fathers told us. Englishmen came 
here, a great many, many moons ago. They had no lands, no wig- 
wams, — nothing. Then our good fathers say, "come, hunt in our 
woods; come, fish in our rivers; come, warm by our fires. " So they 
catch very great many salmon, — other fishes too. They stay among us 
always. They call Indians good brothers. They smile in our faces. 
They make wick-hegin [writingsl. to live here with us,— all one, the 
same people. They signed them, as they call it, — our fathers, too. 
Then Englishmen call the lands their own. Our fathers meant no 
such thing. Certain, they never leave their children to starve. Eng- 
lishman always smiles when he gets advantage. Then he loves us all 
greatly. When he wants nothing of Indians, he don't love 'em so 
much. Frenchmen never get away our lands. They sell us guns, — 
powder too, — and great many things. They give us down weight, full 
measure. They open our eyes to religion. They speak to us, in dark 
days, good words of advice. Englishmen rob us. They kill our 
brothers, when their hearts were warm with friendship,— when sweet 
peace was melting on their lips. We give them homes. They put the 
flaming cup to our mouths. They shed our blood. Did ever English- 
men come to Indian's wigwam faint, and go away hungry ? Never. 
Where shall Indians go? Here we were born. Here our fathers died. 
Here their bodies rest. Here, too, we live. .^rise. Join Frenchmen. 
Fight Englishmen. They shall die. They shall give place to Indi- 
ans. This land, this river, is ours. Hunt Englishmen all off the 
ground. Then shall Indians be free; then the ghosts of our fathers 
bless their sons." 

The voice of Orono, himself then more than sixty years of age, was 
still for peace. "To kill the living will not bring the de.ad to life. The 
crimes of few never sprinkle blood on all. .Strike the murderers. Let 
the rest be quiet. Peace is a voice of the Great .Spirit. Every one is 
blessed under its wings. Everything withers in war. Indians are 
killed. Squaws starve. Nothing is gained , not plunder, not glory. 
E^nglishmen are now too many. Let the hatchet lay buried. Smoke 
the calumet once more. Strive for peace. Exact a recompense by 
treaty for wrongs done us. None ! ay, then fight 'em." 

But the young Indians panted for war, levenge and glory; and as 
the Government soon proclaimed that hostilities actually existed 
against the Tarratines, all hopes of any immediate pacification were 
dissipated. At first the Indians made some violent attacks, killed 
several people and burned a few houses. But they were neglected by 
the French; time, war, and disease, they found, had greatly thinned 
their ranks; in the course of three years they became discouraged, — 
such a period being always long enough to satisfy Indian warriors; and 
in 1759 the tribe was literally overawed by the establishment of Fort 
Pownall, on the westerly banks of Penobscot Bay. Therefore, in .April 
of the next year, they entered into a treaty with the provincial govern- 
ment, and made war upon the colonists no more. 

He, Osson, died about the beginning of the American Revolution. 
During the preceding interval of peace, Orono, next to Osson in pol- 
itical power, had, by his ability and prudence, acquired the confidence 
of his people so entirely that they united and made him chief soon 
after the other's death. Orono was a high liberty man, and from the 
first a thoroughgoing Whig. He could not imagine how the mother 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



41 



ounlry could possibly wish to enslave or plunder the colonies, which 
were, as he thought, her distant children. Such were his views of 
riches, religions, sovereignty, and even glory, that he could not see how 
all of them combined could be any motive to so unnatural a warfare. 
Liberty, next to peace, was the sweetest sound that could salute Or- 
ono's ear. It was, to his experience, the gift and feeling of nature. In 
conference with his people, he declared it to be an inborn disposition 
of the heart and natural habit of life to strive against force and control, 
as against death. He felt it. He knew it. The wild creatures that 
rove through the woods he had seen happy, though hungry, because 
they were under no ties that bound them. The brave little beaver 
fights a duel with a hunter-boy for the chance of escape. What being 
does not sigh and sicken in confinement? Does not even the spring- 
bird then forget its song, — the ermine its sports? All nature flourishes 
when free. The Great Spirit gives us freely all things. Our while 
brothers tell us they came to Indian's country to enjoy liberty and life. 
Their great Sagamore is coming to bind them in chains, to kill them. 
We must fight him. We will stand on the same ground with them. 
For should he bind them in bonds, next he will treat us as bears. In- 
dians" liberties and lands his proud spirit will tear away from them. 
Help his ill-treated sons; they will return good for good, and the law 
of love runs through the hearts of their children and ours when we are 
dead. Look down the stream of lime. Look up to the Great Spirit. 
Be kind, be valiant, be fiee: — then are Indians the sons of glory. 

Aroused and captivated by Orono's sentiments, his people generally 
became decided Whigs. He had also great influence with the sachem 
at Passamatjuoddy, and even at the river St. John, though in each of 
the. tribes there were Indian Tories, and party spirit ran high; human 
nature, whether cultivated or wild, exhibiting the same traits of char- 
acter. At length Orono and three of his colleagues started to go and 
tender their friendship and services to the government of Massachusetts, 
attended by Andrew Gilman, who could speak their language as well 
as his own. On their arrival at Portsmouth, money was liberally con- 
tributed to bear their expenses, and a carriage procured to help them 
on their journey. They met the Provincial Congress at Waterlown, 
June 21, 1775, and entered into a treaty of amity with that body and 
of engagements to afford assistance, afterwards proving themselves to 
be among the most faithful allies of the American people. In return 
for their pledges of good faith and immediate aid, Massachusetts for- 
bade, under severe penalties, all trespasses on their lands, six miles in 
width on each side of the Penobscot river from the head of the tide up- 
wards. On the nineteenth of July, 1776, the three tribes mentioned all 
acknowledged the independence of the United States, and engaged to 
withhold all succor from the British enemy. In fact, there were sta- 
tioned near the head of the tide, on the Penobscot, a company of thirty 
(twenty white men and ten Indians), under the command of Andrew 
Gilman, a lieutenant, and Joseph Munsell, an orderly sergeant, both 
previously mentioned; and at Machias, where Munsell was afterwards 
himself a lieutenant, there was a large company of one hundred In- 
dians or more, commanded by Captain John Preble, all of whom had 
rations, and most of them were under pay. 

No man was more faithful to his engagements than Orono. From 
1779, when the British took possession of the peninsula Biguyduce 
(now Casline), and exercised an arbitrary command over all the settle- 
ments on each side of the river, that active, vigilant chief communicated 
with great dispatch to our officers and Government important and re- 
peated intelligence, for which he once, if not more, received a tribute 
of special thanks, and also a pecuniary reward. He was wise in coun- 
sel, and his zeal to the last was inspiring to his tribe. 

Orono was holden in equally high estimation after the war; and in 
1785 and 1796 he entered into favorable treaties with Massachusetts, 
by which he and his tribe, for valuable considerations, assigned to hei 
large tracts of land, and also agreed with her upon the limits and ex- 
lent of the territory retained. This celebrated chief, after a very long 
life of usel'ulness and destruction, died at Oldtown, February 5. 1802, 
reputed to have been one hundred and thirteen years old. But Captain 
Munsell, who conversed with him in his last sickness, and asked him 
his age, thinks, according to his best recollection, Orono told him he 
was about one hundred and ten years of age at that time. He was ex- 
ceedingly endeared to his tri jc, and highly respected by all his English 
acquaintance. To a remarkable degree, he retained his mental faculties 
and erect attitude till the last years of his life. As he was always 
abstemious, and as his hair in his last years was of a milky whiteness, 
he resembled in appearance a cloistered saint. His wife, who was a 
full-blooded native, died several years after him. at an age supposed to 
be greater than his own. Of his posterity it is only known that he 
had two children, one a son, who was accidentally shot, about 1774. in 



a hunting party, aged probably twenty-five; the other a daughter, who 
married old Captain Nicholar. So desirous were his English friends 
and neighbors to perpetuate his name and character that, when the 
territory in the immediate vicinity of Oldtown was incorporated into a 
town, March 12, 1806, it was called "Orono," in compliment to the 
worthy chief. 

His wife, commonly called "Madame Orono," died 
at the very advanced age of one hundred and fifteen 
years, in 1S09. 

At the centennial celebration in Orono, March 3, 1874, 
the following poem on "The Old Chiefs," bringing "the 
bkie-eyed" ])rominently into notice, was sung by the as- 
sembled company. It is from the pen of Rev. Henry 
C. Leonard, long pastor of the Universalist church in 
the village: 

We sing the chiefs of auld lang syne: 

Madockawando grave — 
The Tarratine in Philip's lime; 

Megone, the friend and knave; 
Wenamuet with kingly face; — 

All braves who bent the bow 
In autumn's hunt or winter's chase; 

But most, great Orono. 

Madockawando's royal hand. 

In nature's temple green. 
His squaw-child gave in marriage bond 

To lone and proud Castine. 
But from the mountains to the sea. 

Where gleams Penobscot's flow. 
Best praised the white-born chief shall be. 

The blue-eyed Orono. 

In modern days of Atieon, 

Or Neptune's later reign. 
No tales are told of brave deeds done 

Or sung in noble strain. 
Our thoughts are turned to other days, 

The days of strife and woe. 
Relieved by calm, pacific ways 

Of pale-faced Orono. 

We sing the chief, the grand old chief, 

The chief of auld lang syne. 
Whose years of rule on mem'ry's leaf 

Are years of bloodless line. 
We sing the chief, the grand old chief, 

The chief of long ago, — 
The corn still sound in memory's sheaf, — 

The high-browed Orono. 

Nearly a century and a half from the disappearance of 
Madockawando from history, we come to the chieftain- 
ship of John Atteon over the Penobscot Indians. He 
was rt- ported to be a descendant of the Baron de Cas- 
tine and an Indian mother, but could not speak English 
with facility, while Francis, one of the captains inducted 
into office at the same time, and also supposed to be of 
French blood in part, was a good English speaker, intel- 
ligent and communicative. The sagamore or governor 
had been chosen by general election of the tribe. 

Mr. Williamson, the historian, was an eye-witness of 
the ceremonies of induction or inauguration, and thus 
describes them: 

The parties in the Tarratine tribe were so sanguine and violent after 
they lust their chief, that they could not for many months agree upon 
a successor. Perplexed with the long controversy and deeply concerned 
in effecting a union, the Catholic priest interposed his influence; when 
they were induced to leave the rival candidates and select John Aitleon^ 
a reputed descendant of Baron de Castine, by an Indian wife. 

On the i9lh of September, i8r6, at Oldtown village. Sagamore Ait- 
loon. John Xi^ptune, next in grade and command, and two captains 



42 



HISTORN' OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



were inducted into office, with the customary ceremonies. To assist in 
these, the chiefs and 15 or 20 other principal men from eacli of the 
tribes at St. John's river and at Passamaquoddy had previously arrived, 
appearing in neat and beconung dresses, all in the Indian fashion. 

Early in the forenoon, the men of the Tarratine tribe, convening in 
the great wigwam, called the camp, seated on the side pl.atform accord- 
ing to seniority, Aitteon, Neptune, and the select captains at the head, 
next the door; the former two being clad in coats of scarlet broad- 
cloth and decorated with silver brooches, collars, armelasjis, jewels, 
and other ornaments. Upon a spread before them, of blue cloth, an 
ell scjuare, were e.\hibited four silver nied.ils, three of which were circu- 
lar and twice the size of a dollar; the other was larger, in the form o, 
a crescent. All these were emblematically inscribed with curious de_ 
vices, and suspended by parti-colored ribbons, a yard in length with 
ends tied. Aware of gentlemen's wishes to be spectatois of the cere- 
monials, they directed the Indian acting the part of marshal to invite 
them into the camp. The admission of the female visitants was also 
requested; but he replied, as directed by the chiefs, "Never our 
squaws, nor yours, sit with us in coiuicil." 

The spectators being seated below the tribe, upon the platform or 
benches, covered with blankets, the Marechite delegation, preceded 
by their chief, entered the camp in tnie Indian file and sat down, ac- 
cording to individual rank, directly before the Tarratines. These now 
tmcovered their heads and laid aside their hats and caps till the cere- 
monies were closed. 

Four belts of wampum, brought into the camp by a stately Mare- 
chite, v\'ere unfolded and placed in the area upon a piece of broadcloth 
which enclosed ihem; when his Sagamore, presently rising, took and 
held one of them in his hands, and addressed Aitteon from five to ten 
minutes in a courtly speech of pure vernacular, laying the belt at his 
feet. Three others in rotation, and ne.\t in rank, of the same tribe, 
addiessed, in a similar manner, the Tarratine candidates of compara- 
tive grade; — all which were tokens of unchanging friendship and sane" 
tions of perpetual union. The Sagamore then, taking the meda 
nearest .Aitteon, addressed him and his tribe in another speech of the 
same length as the former, in the course of which he came three o 
four times to momentary pauses, when the Tarratines, collectively, ut. 
tered deep guttural sounds like "aye." These were evident expres- 
sions of their assent to have ."Aitteon, Neptune, Francis, and the other 
their first and second Sagamores, and two senior captains. The 
speaker, closing his remarks, advanced and placed the suspended 
medal, as the badge of investiture, about .Aitteon's neck, the act by 
which he was formally inducted into office and constituted Sagamore 
for life. Neptune and the two captains, in their turns, after being 
shortly addressed by the other Marechite actors, were invested by tl-.em 
with the ensigns of office in the same way. 

During these ceiemonies, the 'Quoddy Indians without stood around 
a standard twenty feet in height, to and from the top of which they 
alternately hoisted and lowered a flag, as each I'arraline was inducted 
into office, at the same time and afterwards firing salutes from a well- 
loaded swivel, near the same place. 

Mr. Romaigne, the Catholic priest, attired in a white robe and long 
scarf, having seated himself among the Tarratines before the ceremonies 
were coinmenced, now, rising, read appropriate passages from the 
Scriptures in Latin, and expounded them in the Indian dialect; and 
next a psalm, which he and the Marechites chanted with considerable 
harmony. In the midst of the sacred song, the whole of them moved 
slowly out of the camp, preceded by the priest, leaving the Tarratines 
seated, and, forming a circle in union with the 'Quoddy Indians, stood 
and sang devoutly several minutes, and closed with a "Te Deum." 
• The priest then departed to his house, and the Indians, entering the 
camp, took their seats--the '(Juoddy Indians in a lower place, abreast 
the sitting spectators, when they commenced their tangible salutations. 
In this form of civility, each of the two delegations, rising in turn, liter- 
ally embraced, cheek and lip, the four new-made officers, and shook 
heartily by the hand all the others of the tribe. 

The gentlemen, at the marshal's request, now withdrew, to be spec- 
tators only about the doors and apertures; when the Tarratine females, 
clad in their best dresses and fancifully ornamented, joined for the first 
time the Indian assemblage, and the whole formed an elliptical circle 
for dances. In close Indian file they moved forward m successive 
order, with a kind of double shuffle, to their former places, animated 
by the music of a light beat upon a drum, in the midst of the circus, 
with the accompaniment of a vocal tune, (l-'ormeriy their chief instru- 
ments were rattles, made of small gourds and pumpkin shells.) The 
fem.ale dancers then retired; the Indians took their seats; and the spec- 
tators were re-adniiiied. 



To close the ceremonies, four chief men of the Marechites severally 
rose in succession and sang short songs, somewhat entertaining, which 
were dulv responded by others from the new-made officers; throughout 
which the whole assemblage uttered, at almost every breath, a low- 
toned, emphatic guttural sound, not unlike a hiccough, — the singular 
way by which they expressed their plaudits and pleasures. 

More than three hours were consumed in these ceremonies, which 
were succeeded by a feast already preparing. Two fat oxen, slaugh- 
tered and severed into pieces, were roasting; rice, beans, and garden 
vegetables were boiling; and bread-loaves and crackers were abundant. 
If the cooking, neatness, and order were unworthy of modern imita- 
tion, the defects were counterbalanced by the hearty invitations and 
welcomes with which all the visitants, equally with the natives, were 
urged to become partakers, both of the repast and of the festive 
scenes. The regularities of the day relaxed to rude dances and wild 
sports in the evening, w hich \\ere by no means free from extravagance 
and excess. 

In 1838 Alteon and Neptune were deposed by the 
tribe, and the resultant troubles were such that the legis- 
lature of the State intervened, and passed an act that an 
election should be held by the tribe every two years. 
This law has been modified since, as will be seen here- 
after. This Atteon died in May, 1S58, having had real 
or nominal jurisdiction over the tribe from 1816 to that 
time — forty-two years. 'I'he later i:hiefs or "governors" 
were Tomer Socklexis, John Neptune, father of tlie 
LieutenantGovernor of the same name; Joseph Lolon, 
father of the well-known Captain Francis; John Atteon, 
grandson of the former Sagamore John; and Joseph 
Atteon, son of the last John. Some others have suc- 
ceeded him for longer or shorter terms. 

THE PENOBSCOT "IN POLITICS." 

The Penobscots at Oldtown, having lost their sa- 
chem, undertook the election of another in 181 6. It 
was usual to elect proniptly a near relative of the deceased 
Sagamore; Init in this case a delay of several months 
occurred before a successor could be agreed upon; and 
at length the factional spirit becoming unieasonably high 
and intemperate their priest, a Roman Catholic, interposed 
his authority, and virtually compelled them to abandon 
the previous candidates and elect John Atteon, who was 
reputed, as we have noticed, to be a descendant of the 
Baron de St. Castine. The new chief was inducted into 
office September 19, 1816, when John Neptune was 
chosen his lieutenant, and two chief captains were con- 
firmed, one of whom was Captain Francis. This is the 
same Captain Francis, "a man of good understading," 
who gave the historian Willianison the information before 
cited concerning the relationship of all the Indian tribes 
of Maine. 

A brief but interesting sketch of the "political his- 
tory" of the tribe, such as it is, is thus given by Agent 
Dillinghain, in his report for 1875: 

I'rior to 1835, or thereabouts, as I am informed, no elections of dele- 
gate to the Legislature were held in the tribe. The tjovernor and 
Lieutenant-Governor had been chosen for life, and such delegates re- 
ceived their appointment from the Governor of the tribe. John .Attian 
and [ohn Neptune were holding the respective offices of Governor and 
Lieutenant-Governor at that time, when, either by resignation, 
impeachment, or from some cause, those offices were declared vacant, 
and a meeting for a new election called; at which time Tomer Sock- 
lexis and Attian Orson were chosen to fill the vacancies. The result 
was not acquiesced in by a part of the tribe, who claimed that those 
offices could not be vacated during the life of the occupants, and still 
considered .Attian and Neptune their legally constituted officers. An- 
other portion of the tribe hckl that the election was valid, and refused 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



43 



longer to recognize Altian and Xeptune as officers. Since that time 
the portion claiming Attian as Governor has been called the "Old 
Party," and that portion claiming Sockle.vis as Governor, the "New 
Parjy." 

This state of affairs continued \mlil 1850. when an agreement was 
entered into and signed by the officers and principal members of the 
two parties, providing "that as John Atti.an and John Xeptune were 
chosen according to the ancient usages of the tribe into their respec- 
tive offices for life, that they should remain in said offices during the 
remainder of their lives, and on the decrease ot one or both, the vacancy 
should be filled by majority vote of the male members of the tribe of 
twenty-one years of age and upwards, in meeting duly called by the 
Agent. Said officers to continue for two years, and that an election 
should be held every year to choose one member of the tribe to repre- 
sent the tribe before the Legislature and the Governor and Council." 
This agreement was not, as I learn, ver)' sacredly kept, or even much 
regarded by either party, but each continued to claim and recognize 
the same officers as before. 

On the deceased of Governor John .\ttian, the old party immedialelv 
declared his son, Joseph .^ttian, his successor, and he was duly inaugu- 
rated by them, according to ancient custom, for life. Elections were 
held annually for choice of delegate. Party spirit ran high, and there 
e,\isted much ill-feeling, which manifested itself in individual quarrels 
during the year, and usually at elections terminated in a general fight. 
The question of term of office of Governor and Lieutenant Governor 
continued an unsettled issue; discussions and quarrels interfered seri- 
ously with their general avocations; for several weeks prior to the an- 
nual election they wouli congregate at Oldtown from various distant 
localities, consuming much time and money in addition to ordinary 
travelling expenses. 

Finally the Legislature, evidently considering it for the best interest 
of the tribe, enacted a law in 1866, which provided "that the Penob- 
scot Tribe of Indians be allowed hereafter to elect by ballot their 
Governor, Lieutenant-Governor and Representative to the Legislature, 
on the second Tuesday of September, annually, (changed in 1873 to 
first Wednesday in November), and that the old and new party, so 
called, shall be allowed to select from their respective parties, candi- 
dates for said offices, alternately, commencing with the old party for 
the year 1867; and the new party shall have no voice in the selection of 
candidates for said offices, and shall not vole in their election in those 
years when the old party is entitled to them; and the old party shall 
have no voice in the selection of candidates for sard offices, and no 
vote in their election, in those years when the new party is entitled to 
them ; and it shall be the duty of the Agent to preside at such elec- 
tions." Since which time their elections have been held in accordance 
with that act, without objection being made thereto until lately. Each 
party has now held fi\e elections of delegate, and at each have also 
voted for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, abandoning the old idea 
of life term. Such elections have been perfectly quiet and orderly, 
and, so far as I have been able to judge, satisfactory to those partici- 
pating. 

Within a few years about fifteen of the dissatisfied meinbers from 
each of the two before named parties have united, calling Ihemsehes 
"Third Party," or "Outsiders," and have claimed the same rights that 
have been granted to the old and new parlies ; that is, among other 
privileges, the right to hold elections one-third of the time. -At the 
last election held by the old party (November, 1874), they having failed 
to agree on the nominations made as usual in caucus, two sets of can- 
didates were voted for; the defeated portion then joined the "third 
party " in petitioning the Legislature the following winter for repeal of 
the law of 1866, and to change the manner of conducting their elec- 
tions, and to allow the tribe to vote together and the person having 
the majority of votes to be declared elected, as was their former cus- 
tom, as they claim. The old party had then held five elections under 
the law of r866* the new party had held but four. These two parties 
then united in presenting a remonstrance against any such proposed 
change in the law affecting their elections. The peiuioners were, alter 
hearing, granted leave to withdraw, without attempting to indicate 
what may be a peaceful solution of this ve.xed question. I merely give 
the above facts to be taken and used for what they are worth. 

At the annual election of ths tribe, held on the first 
Tuesday of October, 1880, Stephen Stanislaus was 
chosen Governor, Samuel Neptune Lieutenant-Governor, 
and Joseph Nicolar, Superintendent of Farming, was 
elected Delegate of the tribe to the State Legislature. 



■]HF. INDI.AN L.\NDS. 

The first formal cession of their territory by the Tar- 
ratine or Penobscot Indians seems to have been effected 
at a conference and treaty of alliance held at the truck- 
house near Mt. Hope, a little below the Penjejawock 
stream, in Kenduskeag. now Bangor, in September, 1775. 
There were present the chiefs of the Penobscot and St. 
John's tribes, and on the part of the whites Generals Ben- 
jamin Lincoln and Rufus Putnam, and Dr. Thomas 
Rice. A treaty was here made and signed, by which the 
red men relinquished a tract si.v miles wide on each side 
of the river, and retained, as now, the islands in the river 
above Oldtown, and in addition two islands in the Bay 
and the land^ along the branches on the west side of the 
Penobscot. This treaty the head-men of the tribe sub- 
sequently repudiated, and new treaties had to be made. 
The story is well told by the Hon. Lorenzo Sabine, a res- 
ident of Bangor in his childhocd, in an elaborate article 
on the Penobscots, in Volume XII. of the C/iris/ian 
Examiner : 

At the Revolution, the ungranted lands of Maine held by the Rrilish 
crowii,as well as large tracts held by Loyalists, or Tories, became 
vested in Massachusetts; and at the close of the struggle the attention 
of gentlemen of that State, and of adventurers elsewhere, was directed to 
them as a sure means to increase or acquire fortunes. The documents 
of the time show indeed that, for ten or fifteen years after the peace, 
the mania for " Eastern lands" was quite as intense as that which pre- 
vailed within a very recent period. The pine forests and mill-sites of 
the Penobscots were of great value, and were wanted by the "opera- 
tors" of the day. Accordingly, in 1784, commissioners were ap- 
pointed by Massachusetts to negotiate a cession. The result was the 
purchase, in 1786, for 350 blankets and 200 pounds of powder, and a 
quantity of shot and flints, of the country on the Penobscot River to 
the Piscataquis stream on the one bank, and to the Metawamkeag on 
the other, save the waters between the falls at Oldtown and the mouths 
of these tributaries. This, as far as we have been able to discover, was 
the first actual cession, and these paltry presents was the first pre- 
tended eijuivalent. But the country below Bangor, on both banks of 
the river and bay, had passed from their possession. On the westerly 
side, the grant known in later times as the "Waldo Patent" embraced 
the whole, while easterly, the colonial government had seized and ap- 
propriated every acre of the mainland and all the islands, two of con- 
siderable size only excepted. Thus the Penobscots had lost a large part 
of their domam before the new masters they had offered to serve set 
their covetous eyes on the territory above the head of the tide-waters. 
There remained to the Indians, then, after the bargain in 1786 was con- 
cluded, two islands near the sea, the islands just mentioned, and the 
tract above Piscataquis and Metawamkeag, and northerly from them 
without defined limits; and these were guaranteed in quiet possession, 
as the chiefs supposed, forever. The words of the treaty are that all 
the lands on the Penobscot River above the two streams named in the 
tract, should lie as hunting-grounds for the Indians, and should not be 
laid out or settled by the State or engrossed by individuals. But the 
government of Massachusetts understood the matter diflferently. and 
difficulties soon arose between the contracting parties, which, increasing 
until r796, were adjusted, as then appeared, by a new treaty. In this 
second convention the Penobscots ceded the mainland on both sides of 
the river for a distance of thirty miles, commencing at a designated 
rock in Eddington; but retained the river islands and the territory 
above the thirty-mile line so drawn, northerly and indefinitely. The 
consider.ition for the cession was 400 pounds of shot, too pounds of 
powder, 100 bushels of corn, 13 bushels of salt, 36 hats, and a barrel of 
rum, in hand, with an annuity of 300 bushels of corn, 50 pounds of 
powder, 200 pounds of shot, and 75 yards of blue cloth. This annuity 
is about equal to $600. This tract was surveyed into nine townships 
and offered to purchasers in quarter-townships at a price the acre, 
which, if received, placed in the treasury upwards of $180,000! Such 
was the dealings of Christians with the helpless Indians in the year 
1796. 

In 1818, owing to various causes, the Penobscots had become poor; 
and well do we remember their distress and sympathy of individuals in 



44 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



behalf of their women and children. In the poverty of the tribe, sales 
of pine timber svere ni.ide by their chiefs, on tlie lands which they re- 
served in the last treaty, much to the displeasure of Massachusetts, on 
the ground that the fee was in the State, and that the mere right to oc- 
cupy, to fish, and to hunt was all that could be enjoyed by the Indians, 
unless, indeed, they might embrace an agricultural life, of which there 
could have been no ho[)e, for then the keenest .Anglo-Saxon eye saw 
nothing in Maine east of the Kennebec but pine-trees and water-power 
to saw them into marketable shapes. 

In this position of affairs a commission was created to open a third 
negotiation. Early in 1819, aconvention was ratified by which the Com- 
monwealth obtained the whole of the remaining country, excepting four 
townships of mainland, six miles square, and the islands so often men- 
tioned in the Penobscot River. We have no room to record the various 
articles which were to be delivered to the chiefs annually as payment for 
this cession; but we state with pleasure that the quantities of food, 
cloth, and ammunition were considerably more than in 1796, and that 
provision was made for the repair of tlic Indian church and for the em- 
ployment of a teacher in husbandry, while, beside, the women and 
maidens were presented with several hundred yards of calico and rib- 
bon. In fine, there is a spirit of liberality in this treaty which was 
manifested on no other occasion. 

But yet Massachusetts has little reason to plume herself on her 
course toward the Penobscots, while they were under her guaidianship. 
The Indian domain, though worth a million at the periods of cession, 
and several millions now, cost her at most less than $35,000, as she 
herself estimated, when, at the separation, an arrangement was sug- 
gested by wliich Maine was to assume the payment of the annuities 
stipulated in the treaties to which we have referred. Maine, on becom_ 
ing an independent State, in 1820, assumed the control of Indian af- 
fairs within her borders; and, in 1833. appointed commissioners to dis- 
pose of the four townships reserved by the Penobscots in the conven- 
tion of 1819. The purchase-money, amounting to some $55,000, was 
invested under the direction of the State, and remains entire. The in- 
terest of this fund is divided annually in equal shares ; and m addition 
the annuities under the treaties with Massachusetts are contmued, and 
cannot be withheld, if good faith be observed, while the Penobscots 
shall exist as a nation. These two sources of income, with the islands, 
constitute now the only |)ublic or common property of the tribe. The 
islands, to rely upon our own count in 1852, are twenty-seven or 
twenty-eight in number. Some are low, small, and of little value; but 
others are beautiful in surface and situation, and sufficient in size and 
in richness of soil for the support of one hundred more families. 

Some additional details concerning the arrangement 

of 1795 are thus supplied by Mr. Wilhamson: 

A serious controversy had lately arisen between the inhabitants upon 
the Penobscot and the Tarratine Indians. By the treaty of 1785 the 
Government supposed the tribe had nothing remaining but the islands 
in the river; whereas, the chiefs insisted that the territory from the 
head of the tide, six miles in width, on each side of the river upwards, 
indefinitely, was theirs; and they determined not to relinquish it with- . 
out being paid a consideration. To settle, therefore, the question of 
controverted claims, three commissioners. William Shepherd of West- 
field, Nathan Dane of Beverly, and Daniel Davis of Portland, met 
the chiefs at Bangor, .'\ugust i, 1796, and concluded a treaty with 
them, by which tbe Indians agreed to resign all their rights to lands 
from Nichols's rock, in Eddington, thirty miles up the river, excepting 
Oldtown Island, and those in the river above it. For this relinquish- 
ment, the Government delivered to the tribe 150 yards of blue woolens, 
— 400 pounds shot, — too pounds powder, — 100 bushels of corn, — 13 
bushels salt, — 36 hats, — and a barrel of rum; and agreed to pay them, 
so long as tliey should continue a tribe, a certain stipend every year, at 
the mouth of the Kenduskeag. consisting of 300 bushels of Indian 
corn, — 50 pounds of powder, — 200 pounds of shot, — and 75 yards of 
blue woollen, fit for garments. The ratification of this treaty consisted 
in its execution by the seals and signatures of the commissioners and 
seven chiefs, and its acknowledgement betore Jonathan Eddy, esq. It 
was supposed this tribe, once so numerous and powerful, was now 
reduced to 350 souls. In 1803. the Government appointed an agent to 
superintend their interests and take care of their lands. 

The territory relinquished by the treaty was subsequently surveyed 
into nine townships, and found to contain 189,426 acres. Already 
there were thirty-two settlers, who were presently quieted upon their 
lots; and in 1798 the residue was offered for sale in quarter-townships 
at a dollar by the acre. Exclusive of this tract so relinejuished, is 
Marsh island of five thousand acres and of an excellent soil, which the 



Government, in a good mood, confirmed to John Marsh, the first settler, 
for a small consideration, he exhibiting a pretended purchase from 
the Indians. 

THE TRUST FUND, 

held in the State treasury for the benefit of the Indians 
consists mainly of fifty thousand dollars paid by the State 
in 1833, as jjart of the consideration for the four town- 
ships of land purchased of the tribe. It was stipulated 
that this sum should rest forever in the hands of the 
State, but that a yearly interest thereon should be paid 
to the Penobscots. Drafts were made on it, however, 
from time to time, when over-expenditures were incurred 
by the agents; but the sums taken were afterwards 
restored from the interest fund. January i, 1864, the 
fund amounted to fifty-two thousand four hundred and 
thirty-eight dollars and forty-four cents, and additions 
were made to it year by year from various sources, but 
chiefly from rents derived from leasts ol the shores of 
islands belonging to the reservation. In 1875 'he trust 
fund had mounted to seventy-three thousand eight hun- 
dred and twenty-eight dollars and forty-eight cents, and 
the annual revenues from it constituted a very import- 
ant part of the means for keejiing the members of the 
tribe from want and discontent. For some years after 
the act of February 11, 1873, the shore rents were not 
added to the fund, but have been distributed directly to 
the Indians — a plan which, said Agent Dillingham, in 
his report of 1875, "has been very satisfactorily received, 
and has been of very great advantage to the tribe, in 
relieving their necessities and enabling them to live 
through these hard times, when all, even the prudent 
whites, find it so necessary lo carefully husband their 
resources." 

The amount derived from the Indian trust fund, for 
each of the two years 1879-80, on interest account, was 
four thousand four hundred and twenty-nine dollars and 
seventy cents. The tribe also received an annuity of one 
thousand four hundred dollars (formerly one thousand 
eight hundred dollars), seven hundred dollars per an- 
num for their agriculture, besides four hundred and fifty 
dollars bounty on crops, and special appropriations for 
schools and school-houses, repair of chapel, and salaries 
of agent, superintendent of farming, priest (one hundred 
dollars per year), governor (fifty dollars), and lieutenant 
governor (thirty dollars). The total amounts in the two 
years, respectively, were eight thousand and twenty-four 
dollars and seventy cents, and eight thousand three hun- 
dred and ninety-four dollars and seventy cents. The 
shore rents added four thousand three hundred and 
si.xty-one dollars and twenty-five cents to this in 1879, 
and two thousand one hundred and fifty-four dol- 
lars the ne.xt year, the decrease being caused by the 
falling off of the lumber trade, the destruction of import- 
ant mills, and other reasons. 

It is thus seen that the tribe, considering its limited 
numbers, is remarkably 'well provided for. The sums 
paid to its members are expended under the direction of 
the agent, mainly in supporting the very poor and infirm, 
supplying medicine and medical attendance, paying 
funeral expenses, and providing for a distribution in the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



45 



si)ring, to all ihe tribe, of corn, flour, pork, and molasses. 
Wood is also inircliased, as needed by these people. 
Schools for the Indian children are maintained on Old- 
town, Mattanawcook, and Olamon islands, the latter two 
in charge of the school committees of Greenbush and 
Lincoln, respectively, and the first now taught by the 
Sisters of Mercy, with great acceptability and success. 
A new building was put up for ihis school, at the north 
end of the village, in the summer of iS8o, at a cost of 
about five hundred dollars. 

THE INDIAN VILLAGES. 

It is altogether orobable, from the number of arrow- 
heads, axes, and other Indian antiquities found in places, 
that the Tarratines had at least temporary camping 
grounds on all the tributaries of the Penobscot. But 
three sites in particular furnished them places of rendez- 
vous — Mattawamkeag, Passadumkeag, and the Falls of 
the Penobscot. At the latter two points it is believed 
there were French forts, as well as Indian villages. One 
of these was destroyed by Colonel Westbrook in 1723, 
the inhabitants retiring up the river to Matlawamkeag. 
The other was burned by Captain Heath about two years 
afterwards. There is at this time no mention of a village 
at Oldtown, but that undoubtedly became soon after- 
w^ards the chief seat of the tribe, and has since retained 
its pre-eminence. Mr. David Norton, author of Sketches 
of Oldtown, believes that the present name corresponds 
to an Indian name meaning the same, and given to the 
same village — that is, the Indian settlement on the lower 
part of Oldtown island. 

Governor VVashburne says, in his address at the Orono 

Centennial: 

There was also a village on the tongue of land that extends eastward 
from this hall [the Town Hall in Orono] to the Penobscot ri\'er at 
Ayres' Falls, as they are now termed, bounded on the north by the 
Stillwater river and on the south by the basin. The Indians called the 
place Arumsumhmigtui. For many years after the settlement of the 
town by the white men, the vestiges of cornfields and of habitations 
were plain and unmistakable; and until comparatively a recent period, 
stone weapons anil implements of agriculture were occasionally turned 
up wherever the plough was driven, some of which I have seen in the 
possession of the late John Bennoch, jr., esq., and Col. Eben Webster, 
jr. I think it not improbable that the point of land at the confluence 
of the Stillwater and Penobscot rivers, may have been the site of the 
ancient "Lett" of the Indians. 

The Governor remarked also the presence of an In. 
dian village at Nicola's Island, near Passadumkeag, and 
the probable fact that the fort and village destroyed by 
Colonel Westbrook in 1723 was on this island. The In- 
dians there, with some French families, settled, he says, 
at Fort Hill, near the head of the tide, and built a vil- 
lage of cottages and wigwams, with a Catholic chapel, 
which was shortly deserted by its inhabitants, on the ap- 
proach of Captain Heath with his invading force, who 
gave the village to the flames. The Penobscots there- 
after concentrated at Oldtown. 

THE INDIAN CENSUS. 

It is supposed that the Tarratines numbered about 
two thousand four hundred when they first became 
known to Europeans. They declined rapidly, however, 
after King William's war. In 1736 the French reckoned 



two hundred warriors on the Penobscot as available allies 
to the Government of New France. In 1754 the tribe 
counted about eight hundred, all told; but the ravages of 
famine, disease, and other causes of decrease, left them 
six years afterwards but seventy-three warriors and about 
four hundred others. In 1764 the governor reported 
that they could muster sixty fighting men ; but his esti- 
mate is believed too small. Mr. Sabine thinks there 
were then, probably, seven hundred persons in the tribe, 
but that at the close of the century there were only half 
as many, although the tribe had begun to increase some- 
what, from the encouragement given to early marriages 
by the Jesuit missionaries. The number of the Penob- 
scot Indian families in 1811 was but fifty-seven, and of 
individuals two hundred and forty-one. In 1820, all of 
them being then clustered at Oldtown, they numbered 
two hundred and seventy-seven souls, an increase as- 
cribed by Dr. Jedediah Morse, in his report of 1820, 
upon Indian affairs, to the Secretary of \\'ar, to "an 
obligation imposed by the chiefs on the young peo- 
ple to marry early." The St. Johns and Passamaquoddy 
tribes are mentioned by Dr. Morse in connection with 
the Penobscots, and he says further: 

The three tribes above named live in great harmony and friendship 
with each other. When either tribe elects and installs a chief, the chiefs 
of the other two tribes are always present to assist in the ceremonies. 

In religion these tribes are professedly Christians of the CatholicTaith^ 
have each a church, with a bell, aud priests to instruct them steadily or 
occasionally. The priests who minister to the two latter tribes [the Pas- 
saniaquoddies and the Penobscots] receive a stated stipend from the 
treasury of the State. The State has lately engaged to provide and 
support a farmer among the Penobscots to instruct them in agriculture. 
We know not that any of these tribes have ever admitted schools to be 
established among them. 

The Penobscots, in government and internal regulations, are inde- 
pendent. The legislative and e.vecutive authorities are vested in the 
sachems, though the heads of all the families are invited to be present 
at their public meetings, which are held in their house of worship and 
conducted with order and decorum. 

None of these tribes have other than incipient improvements in any- 
thin" which pertains to civilized life. It is not probable, such is the 
religious influence under which they act, combined w^ith their natural 
attachment to their native places and to the sepulchers of their fathers, 
that a proposal to remove and join a large community of Indians, 
should It be made to them, would be accepted. It is probable they 
will remove [remain?] in a sort of half-independent, half-civilized, and 
evangelized state, gradually diminishing, as other tribes, once their pow- 
erful neighbors, have done before them, till there shall be none re- 
maining. 

The census of the tribe, taken usually every year by 
the superintending school committee of Oldtown, 
showed a population of four hundred and forty-three in 
August, 1855: of five hundred, in round numbers, in 
1865; four hundred and forty-eight in 1876; four hun- 
dred and forty-five in 1877; four hundred and fifty in 
January, 1878; four hundred and forty-six in 1879; four 
hundred and eighteen in 1880; and the same number in 
1 88 1. The sum-total is reduced slightly some years by 
emigration, as well as by death. The annual numbers 
of births and deaths in the tribe are generally about 
equal. 

THE RESERVATION. 

The islands belonging to the Penobscot reservation 
number in all, says the agent, one hundred and forty-six, 
with an aggregate of four thousand four hundred and 



46 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



eighty-two acres, three-quarters of which have an arable 
soil, among the most fertile and eligible for cultivation in 
the State. In 1835 the value of the whole was calcula- 
ted to be sixty-four thousand two hundred and forty-seven 
dollars and sixty-four cents, mainly for the timber and 
firewood growing upon them, which have now disap- 
peared. The islands have still high value for farming 
purposes, however, and some for hitching logs along the 
shores, available in the form of rents, although this form 
of value is reported as rapidly decreasing. Efforts are 
being made to induce the Indians to scatter along 
the islands and improve their fertile soil, instead of 
concentrating at Oldtown, as has been the tendency 
of late years. The agent says: "About all those Indi- 
ans who live on their farms up river are self-reliant, and 
have comfortable homes." In 1836 a considerable tract 
on the west side of Orson Island was surveyed and re- 
served for a public farm, suitable buildings were erected, 
a foreman was employed, and other preparations made 
to interest the tribe more thoroughly in the cultivation of 
lots upon the farm. The arrangement was not very ben- 
eficial, however, and in 1862 the whole farm was leased, 
under an act of the legislature, for a trifling sum. More 
recently, however, some of the Indians have began to 
cultivate small tracts upon the place. 

Many of the islands are leased for a small annual ren- 
tal; others, principally those lowest down the river, are 
occupied by the Indians themselves; and one. No. 133, 
of the group known as Brown Islands, near Winn, is 
reserved as their summer camping ground, and no trees 
or wood is allowed to be cut from it. 

THE PRESENT MISSION. 

In the summer of 1878, at the instance of Father O'- 
Brien, then priest to the tribe, and Bishop Healy, of 
Portland, four members of the community of Sisters of 
Mercy were sent from the mother-house at Manchester, 
New Hampshire, and established upon the island. They 
were at first in a hired house, but in 1880 a neat and 
commodious convent and dormitory was erected for them 
near the chapel, at a cost of one thousand two hun- 
dred dollars, nearly two-thirds of which were contribu- 
ted by Indians of the tribe. The Sisters are otherwise 
supported by funds of their church, except that they re- 
ceive the regular appropriation for schools on the island, 
in consideration of their services as teachers. Sister M. 
F. Borgia, of the Community, with one or more of her 
associates, has had of late sole charge of the school at 
Oldtown, and they also minister to the wants of the tribe 
in attendance upon the sick and other personal visita- 
tions, especially inculcating among the young women 
principles of morality, industry, and economy, — the 
need of which, indeed, prompted Father O'Brien, in 
the first instance, to secure the presence of the sisters 
here — and instructing them in sewing and other simple 
and domestic art.s, of which they were before almost 
wholly ignorant. Soon after going to the island, they 
formed a class of women, both married and single, who 
engaged in exercises of reading, singing, sewing, and 
other useful employments. An evening school was also 
established, with good success, for the young men of the 



tribe who either could not or would not attend the day 
schools. Their influence upon the island has been every 
way good. Agent Bailey, in his report for 1880, says of 
the Sisters: 

These refined and accomplished women, having taken up theirabode 
with the tribe on this island, are, with that utter self-abnegation which 
characterizes the order, assiduously devoting themselves to the moral 
and intellectual advancement of this remnant of a race which, while 
living in the midst of our civilization, is not of it. 

With the evidence of their devotion to the welfare of this people 
daily accumulating, as would be expected, a great regard is recipro- 
cally manifested for them, and no prejudice has been able to survive 
their ministry of love. It may be premature to express any compara- 
tive view of their labors, yet the opinion is ventured that upon the 
home life of the tribe their influence will not be the least potent, as 
they daily go from house to house, instructing the females in domes- 
ticity, economy in expenditures, refinement of manners, and personal 
purity. 



CHAPTER III. 



THE DISCOVERERS. 



Tiiorfinn Karlsefne — Sabastian Cabot — John Varrazano — His .Account 
of the Maine Country — ^John Rut — .Andre Thevet — First Description 
of Penobscot Bay and Islands — Sir Humphrey Gilbert — Gosnold — 
Natives in Foreign Garments, and with a Biscay Shallop — Martin 
Pring — The Sieur De Monts and Samuel De Champlain — George 
Weymouth — Was Weymouth in the Penobscot Waters? — Samuel 
.Argall — The Jesuit Fathers — Captain John Smith — New England 
First upon his Map — .Subsequent Voyages. 

THORKINN KARLSEFNE. 

To this daring Icelandic voyager may be accorded the 
honor of conducting the first recorded voyage of civil- 
ized men along the coast of Maine. Possibly Biarne the 
first Norse explorer hitherward, in the winter of 990-91, 
had caught a far glimpse of the bold headlands and 
deep bays of this rock-bound shore, as he sailed the open 
sea from Greenland to Cape Cod, and back from Cape 
Cod to Nova Scotia and home. Leif, son of Erik the 
Red, in the ship of Biarne nine years later, may also 
have descried the coast from his lookouts, as he traversed 
the watery way from his Marhland (Nova Scotia) to his 
Vinland (probably Rhode Island). The battle of Thor- 
vvald, another son of Erik, in 1004, with the Skraellings 
(Indians) — the first known conflict of Euro[)eans and 
aborigines upon the continent — doubtless came much 
nearer the present confines of Maine, being fought, as 
Dr. Kohl conjectures, on the shore not far from Boston 
harbor. Two years later, came the next courageous 
traversers of the Northern seas, Thorfinn and his com- 
panions. Thorfinn had married the widow of Thor- 
stein, a third son of Erik, and also an explorer, and 
from her learned enough of Vinland to fire his imagina- 
tion and tempt bim to emulate the deeds of his fellow- 
countrymen. His wife and others fanned the flame, and 
in the summer of 1007 he fitted out three ships, man- 
ning them with one hundred and sixty sailors and in- 
tending colonists, and also placing on board a variety of 
live stock, for the colony to-be. The next spring they 
sailed to Helluland (Leif's "stony land," or Newfound- 
land), thence to Markland, and thence, instead of fol- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



47 



lowing their predecessors across the open sea through 
the breadth of the Gulf of Maine, they coasted a long 
way to the "southwest, having the land always on their 
starboard" — that is, the picturesque land of Maine. 
These happy, heroic eight-score were, then, the first of 
European stock to look wonder-eyed into the beautiful 
bays of Passamaquoddy, of Penobscot, and of Casco. 
They left no record of their shoreward visits, if any they 
made; but we know that they reached Cape Cod, 
probably Buzzard's Bay, and also Narragansett Bay, on 
the shores of which Thorfinn attempted settlement. 
Here a son was born to him and Gudrida — Snorre, first 
of European parentage born on the American continent. 
One of Thorfinn's trusty mates, Thorhall the Hunter, 
attempted another exploration along the coasts to the 
northeast, but was caught by strong west winds and 
driven across the ocean to the green shores of Ireland. 
Thortinn himself afterwards sailed to the northward, and 
came to "the country of the Onefoots," by which name 
he may have designated the coasts of New Hampshire 
and Maine, and in which country he saw "endless forests." 
In the spring of loii, after three years' residence in the 
south of Vinland, he sailed away to Greenland, whence 
he never returned. It is not known what became of his 
colony. 

SEB.\ST1.\N CABOT. 

After Thorfinn, many Northmen, it is believed, made 
trading and ex[)loring voyages to Newfoundland and the 
coasts of Maine; but very few and meagre notices of 
them have been preserved, and none which relate strictly 
to the Maine country. It is quite possible, also, that 
one or both of the \'enetian adventurers, Nicolo and 
Antonio Zeno, visited the old Icaria, Estotiland, and 
Drogeo (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Eng- 
land?) laid down upon their map of 1400; but of this 
nothing is certainly known. The mists clear away with 
the advent of Columbus upon the shores of the New- 
World; and from June 24, 1497, when John Cabot 
touched the coasts of Labrador in latitude 56 or 58, as 
Humboldt and others atifirm, the time, and place of dis- 
coveries and explorations are rarely doubtful. The next 
year Sebastian Cabot, second of the three sons of John, 
sails along the coasts of Labrador and the Newfound- 
land, and from the latter southerly, keeping the shores as 
much as possible in view on his right. He was the first 
Englishman to see the headlands of Maine, and there is 
abundant reason to believe that he landed at some 
points on his voyage, which was prosecuted to the neigh- 
borhood of Cape Hatteras. Says Dr. Kohl : 

The voyage of this gifted and enterprising youth along the entire 
co;ast of the present United States — nay, along the whole extent of that 
great continent in which now the English race and language prevail and 
flourish, has always been considered as the true beginning, the founda- 
tion and corner-stone of all the English claims and possessions in the 
northern half of .America. English flags were Ihe first which were 
planted along the shores, and English men were the first of modern 
Europeans who with their own eyes surveyed the border of that great 
assemblage of countries in which they were destined to become so prom- 
inent, and were also the first to put their feet upon it. The history of 
each one of that chain of States, stretching along the western shores of 
the .Atlantic, begins with Sebastian Cabot and his expedition of 1498. 
And this is especially true of the State of Maine and the other States 



of New England, whose remarkable coasts were particularly observed 
by him and clearly delineated on his chart. 

It is thought possible that the Portuguese under Cor- 
tereal, the Bretons and other French fishermen in the 
early part of the sixteenth century, besides other adven- 
turers in these northern waters, may have visited points 
upon the shores of Maine; but if they did so, they have 
not even left even the tradition of their visits. 

JOHN VERR.\Z.\NO. 

This voyager, commonly called Verrazaini, w\is a Flor- 
entine adventurer, in the service of France. In the 
spring of 1524, during his celebrated traverse of the .\t- 
lantic shores from Cape Fear northward, he sailed, prob- 
ably, along the entire coast of Maine. His account of 
this part of the voyage, as translated from the Italian for 
Ramusio's narrative in Hakluyt's Voyages, and repub- 
lished in the first volume of the second series of the 
Maine Historical Collections, is well worth transcription 
here, as the first detailed description of this region given 
by any European traveller. We retain the old English 
of the translation : 

Trending afterwards [after leaving Cape Cod] to the north, we found 
another land high, full of Ihicke woods, the trees there of fitre, cipresse, 
and such like as are wont to grow in cold countreys. The people dif- 
fer much from the other, and looke how much the former seemed to be 
curteous and gentle, so much were these full of rudenesse and ill man- 
ners, and so barbarous that by no signes that ever we could make, could 
we have any kind of traffike with them. Tbey cloth themselves with 
Beares skinnes and Luzernes and Scales and other beastes skinnes. 
Their food, as farre as we could perceive, repairing often to their dwell- 
ings, we supposed to be by hunting and fishing, and of certaine fruits, 
which are a kind of roots, which the earth yeeldeth of her own accord. 
Th*^y have no graine, neither saw we any kind of signe of tillage, nei- 
ther is the land, for the barrennesse thereof, apt to beare fruit or seed. 
If at any time we desired by exchange to have anv of their commodi- 
ties, they used to come to the seashore upon certain craggy rocks, and 
we standing in our boats, they let down with a rope, crying continually 
thai we should not approach to the land, demanding immediately the 
exchange, taking nothing but knives, fishhooks, and tooles to cut 
wilhall, neither did they make any account of our courtesie. .And 
when we had nothing left to exchange with them, when we departed 
from them, the people showed all signes of discourtesie and disdaine 
as were possible for any creature to invent. We were in dispight of 
them two or three leagues within the land, being in number twenty-five 
armed men of us. -And when we went on shore they shot at us with 
their bowes, making great outcries, and afterwards fled into the woods. 

We found not in this land anything notable or of importance, saving 
very great woods and certaine hills; they may have some mineral mat- 
ter in them, because we saw many of them have headstones of copper 
hanging at their eares. We departed from thence, keeping our course 
northeast along the coast, which we found more pleasant champion 
'champaign] and without woods, with high mountains within the land. 
Continuing directly along the coast for the space of fifty leagues, we 
disco\'ered thirty-two Islands, lying all neere the land, bein,g small and 
pleasant to the view, high, and having many turnings and windings be- 
Iwene them, making many fair harboroughs and chanels as they do in 
the Gulfe of \'enice, in Sclavonia and Dalmatia. We had no knowl- 
edge or acquaintance with the people : we suppose they are of the same 
manners or nature as the others are. Sayling Northeast for the space 
of one hundred and fiftie leagues, we discovered the land that in times 
past was discovered by the Britons, which is in fiftie degrees. 

JOHN RUT. 

In 1527 Master John Rut, of the .Mary of Guilford, a 
vessel dispatched by King Henry VIII. of England, 
visited the coasts of "Arambec" or "Norumbega," as 
Hakluyt mentions it, often, as the same relator tells, 
"entering the ports of those regions, landing men, and 
examining into the condition of the country," and again. 



48 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



she "oftentimes put her men on land to search the state 
of these unknown regions." This is the first authentic 
report giving clear information of the landing of English- 
men u[)on these shores. It is quite probable that Master 
Rut penetrated and explored the Penobscot, and visited 
the people thereaway. Many maps of this period set 
down Penobscot Bay as the great river of Norumbega, 
and it was undoubtedly then the best-known water of 
Maine. One writer thinks that Verrazano, who had re- 
commended this expedition, was with it, and that he 
perished at the hands of tlie savages on one of his ex- 
cursions into the interior. 

ANDRE THEVET. 

This extensive traveller, a Frenchman and Franciscan 
friar, took the coast of Maine in his voyage along the 
Atlantic shore of both South and North America, in 
1554-56. He has left in his Cosmography the first de- 
tailed description of the Penobscot Bay and natives, 
which is highly interesting, and deserves quoting in full, 
as below: 

Having left La Florida on the left hand, with all its islands, gulfs, 
and capes, a river presents itself, which is one of the finest rivers in the 
whole world, which we call Noriimbegue, and the aborigines .-^goncy, 
and which is marked on some marine charts as the Grand River [mean- 
ing Tenobscot Bay]. Several other beautiful rivers enter into it; and 
upon its banks the French formerly erected a little fort about ten or 
twelve leagues from its mouth, which was surrounded by fresh water, 
and this place was named the Fort of Norumbegue. 

.Some pilots would make me believe that this country (Norumbegue) 
is the proper country of ('anada. But I told them that this was far 
from the truth, since this country lies in 43° N., that of Canada in 50 
or 52°. Before you enter the s.iid river appears an island [Fox Island], 
surrounded by eight very small islets, which are near the country of 
the green mountains [Camden Hills], and to the cape of the islets. 
F'rom there you sail all along unto the mouth of the river, which is dan- 
gerous from t'le great number of thick and high rocks ; and its entrance 
is wonderfully large, .'^bout three leagues into the river an island pre- 
sents itself to you that may have four leagues in circumference [Long 
Island, now Islesboro']. inhabited only by some fishermen and birds of 
different sorts, which island they called Aiayascou, because it has the 
form of a man's arm, which they call so. Its greatest length is from 
north to south. It wonld be very easy to plant on this island, and build 
a fortress on it to keep in check the whole surrounding country. Hav- 
ing landed and put our feet on the adjacent country, we perceived a 
great mass of people coming down upon us from all sides in such num- 
bers that you might have supposed them to have been a flight of star- 
lings. Those who marched first were the men, wdiich they call tnjuchnns. 
After them came the women, which they call pcrgruastas\ then the 
adigcstas, being the children, and the last were the girls, called aiiiiis- 
gestas. And all this people was clothed in skins of wild animals, which 
they call rabalatz. Now, considering their aspect and manner of pro- 
ceeding, we mistrusted them and went on board our vessel. But they, 
perceiving our fear, lifted their hands into the air, making signs that 
we should not mistrust them; and for making us still more sure, they 
sent to our vessel some of their principal men, which brought us pro- 
visions. In recompense of this, we gave them a few trinkets of a low 
price, by which they were highly pleased. The ne.xt morning I, with 
some others, was commissioned to meet them, to know whether they 
would be inclined to assist us with more victuals, of which we were 
very much in need. But having entered into the house, which they 
call eattoquc, of a certain little king of theirs which called himself Per- 
amich, we saw several killed animals hanging on the beams of the said 
house, which he had prepared (as he assured us) to send to us. This 
chief gave us a very hearty welcome, and, to show us his affection, he 
ordered to kindle a fire, which they call azista, on which the meat was 
to be put and fish to be roasted. Upon this some rogues came in to 
bring to the king the heads of six men, which they had taken in war 
and massacred, which terrified us, fearing that they might treat us in 
the same way. But toward evening we secretly retired to our ship 
without bidding good-bye to our host. .'\t this he was very much irri- 



tated, and came lo us the next morning, accompanied by three of his 
children, showing a mournful countenance, because he thought that we 
had been dissatisfied with him; and he said in his language, "Let us 
go, let us go on land, my friend and brother; come to drink and eat 
what we have; we assure you upon oath by Heaven, earth, moon, and 
stars, that you shall fare not worse than our own persons." 

.Seeing the good affection and will of this old man, some twenty of 
us went again on land, every one of us with his arms ; and then we 
went to his lodgings, where we were treated and presented with what 
he possessed. And meanwhile great numbers of people arrived, cares.s- 
ing and offering themselves to give us pleasure, saying that they were 
our friends. Late in the evening, when we were willing to retire and to 
take leave of the company with actions of gratitude, they would not 
give us leave. Men, women, children, all entreated us zealously to stay 
with them, crying out these words, "My friends, do not start from here ; 
you shall sleep this night with us." But they could not harangue so 
well as to persuade us to sleep with them. And so we retired to our 
vessel : and, having remained in this place five full days, we weighed 
anchor, parting from them with a marvelous contentment of both 
sides, and went out to the open sea. 

GILBERT. 

In 1583 Sir Humphrey Cilbert, arriving with his shi|js 
at St. Johns, Newfoundland, read his commission from 
Queen Elizabeth of England, and formally took posses- 
sion of the place and the region within a radius of two 
hundred leagues therefrom for the crown. He received a 
sod and a twig in token of subjection, and set up a pillar 
bearing a shield of lead, with the English arms engraved 
upon it. 

GOSNOLD. 

Bartholomew Gosnold was the first English navigator 
who sailed straight from Great Britain for the Anieiican 
shores. 'J'his was in 1602. On the 4th of May he 
sighted land at or about the forty-third degree of north 
latitude. Mr. Williamson thinks this first land he saw 
might have been Mount Desert or Agamenticus ; but 
others, not relying upon Gosnold's reckoning, place it 
further to the southward, in the neighborhood of Cape 
Ann, if not the cape itself* Wherever it was, his ves- 
sel was here boarded by a jjarty of Indians, who came in 
"a shallop of European fabric," such as fisheinien use in 
the Bay of Biscay, carrying sails as well as oars. They 
had also an iron grapple and a kettle in their little ship. 
The leader and one or two others were partly dressed in 
foreign garmenLk.and as the old account in Putt has says, 
"they spoke divers Christian words, and seemed to un- 
derstand more than we, for want of langtiage, could 
comprehend." This incident is highly interesting, as 
showing that Biscayan fishermen had been driven across 
the ocean, or that Frenchmen or Spaniards had visited 
the coast of Maine (or Massachusetts, as the case may 
be,) before the visit of Gosnold, and had there disap- 
peared, leaving only these traces of their visit. • 

M.\RT1N PRING 

was one of Gosnold's companions. In the spring of the 
next year he was provided by some merchants of Bristol 
with two small vessels, with which he made, beyond all 
doubt, a voyage along the coast of Maine, entering, 
among other waters, and probably the first he entered on 
this shore, the Bay of Penobscot. He found a "high 
country full of great woods," with which the voyagers 
were greatly pleased, as also with the fishing and harbor- 

* See Bryant & Gay's Popular Hi.story of the Lfniled States, vol. i, p. 363. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



49 



age; and, finding silver-grey foxes upon an island, they I 
named the whole cluster the Fox Islands, which has 
been. -retained, although the corporate name of the prin- 
cipal ones, since ly^Sg, has been Vinalhaven. Gorges 
relates that Pring made a perfect discovery of "all these 
Eastern rivers and harbors, and brought the most exact 
account of the coast that had ever come to hand." 

DE MON'TS. 

After the appointment by the French king of Pierre 
du Guast, the Sieur de Monts, as Lieutenant-General of 
Acadia, a vast country stretching from the fortieth to the 
forty-sixth degree of north latitude, he sailed from Havre 
de Grace in March, 1604; in about two months reached 
Nova Scotia, and wintered at a fort he built upon an is- 
land in the St. Croix River. With him was the restless 
and daring navigator Samuel Champlain, and during the 
winter the latter made a coasting voyage as far as Cape 
Cod, concerning which little has been related. About 
the middle of May, 1605, De Monts abandoned liis fort, 1 
and himself sailed southward in search of a better loca- j 
tion for his colony. He visited Mount Desert, entered 
the Bay of Penobscot and viewed "Norumbegua," as 
the adjacent country was then understood to be called; 
entered the Kennebec also, and upon its banks erected 
a cross and took possession for the French crown; also 
penetrated the Casco and the Saco, sailed up Portland 
Harbor, which he named Marchin, from an Indian chief 
he met there; went on to Cape Cod, whence he returned 
to St. Croix, unable to make a settlement through fear of 
the natives, and finally went "to Port Royal with his 
colony. 

The voyage of this French explorer is forever linked 
with the interesting story and beautiful scenery of Mount 
Desert. Mrs. Clata Barnes Martin, in her interesting 
guide book to this island, has the following: 

From the voyages of this De Monts and of his associates and suc- 
cessors, Mount Desert derives all tlie human interest of those early 
years. Champlain first named it "Mons Deserle," from its wild and 
savage solitudes, and the name " Frenchman's Bay," now applied only 
to the water lying inmiediately northeast of this island, then belonged 
to the whole expanse eastward to the Bay of Fundy. The name per- 
petuates the memory of the sore strait to which came one Nicholas 
D'.Aubri, a priest who accompanied De Monts in his first voyage. Be- 
ing one of a party who left their boat to e.xplore the forest, he dropped 
his sword by a brook where they stopped to drink. Returning to find 
it, he soon lost his way; and his companions, after vain efforts to res- 
cue him, were obliged to leave him to his fate. For sixteen days the 
poor priest wandered along the shore nearly starved, till he was dis- 
covered by a party who had returned to the spot in search of reputed 
gold and silver, and was carried back to his companions, who received 
him as one from the dead. This story, it may be added, is .given upon 
the authority of one of the early historians of Maine. Remembering 
what war of words has arisen concerning the planting of .settlements 
but little farther west, these traditions are proffered, subject to such 
amends as more able research may supply. 

S.\MUEI. CHAMPL.AIN. 

This famous French voyager appeared off the coasts of 
Maine, which he called "Norumbegue," in September, 
1604, with a small vessel sent from the St. Croix as an 
expedition by the Sieur de Monts. He found and named 
the isle "de Monts-deserts," and the Isle au Haut, at the 
mouth of Penobscot Bay, which have retained their 
names ever since; sailed up the Norumbegue or Penob- 



scot River to the site of Bangor, where he is believed to 

have moored his vessel at the foot of Newberry street, 
just below the rocks in the stream ; had an interview 
with the chiefs Bessabezand Cahabis; descended the river 
safely, and went on coasting to the southwestward, prob- 
ably to the St. George's River, whence he returned to the 
St. Croix. He observed on the voyage the Camden Hills, 
which he called the mountains of Bedabedec. The next 
year he, with De Monts, was again in Penobscot Bay, 
among the Fox Islands, but did not ascend the river. 
Once more, in 1606, Champlain was in the bay, where 
he stopped to repair his vessel. 

GEORGE WEYMOUTH. 

Dr. Belknap, in the second volume of his American 
Biography, holds that the Penobscot Bay and River were 
discovered by Captain Weymouth and his associates, in 
June, 1605. He was sent out by the Earl of Southamp- 
ton and others, in the English interest, to check the de- 
signs of the French, whose claim to the Northeast coast 
was denied. Ostensibly, Weymouth was sent to discover 
the northwest passage ; but he sighted the American 
coast instead, near Cape Cod, and ran northwardly to 
the island of Monhegan (which he named St. George), 
and there dropped anchor. He remained here nearly a 
month, and made a beginning of agriculture on these 
shores. His subsequent movements are much in discus- 
sion. The following is an extract from the journal of the 
voyage : 

June 12 [1605]. — Our captain manned his shallop with seventeen 
men and ran up the codde of the river, where we landed, leaving six to 
keep the shallop. Ten of us, with our shot, and some armed, with a 
boy to carry powder and match, marched up the country toward the 
mountains, which we descried at our first falling in with the land, and 
were continually in our view. To some of them the river brought us 
so near, as we judged ourselves, when we landed, to be within a league 
of them; but we found them not, having marched well-nigh four miles 
and passed three great hills. Wherefore, because the weather was hot 
and our men in their aimour, not able to travel far and return to their 
pinnace at night, we resolved not to travel further. 

We were no sooner come aboard our pinnace, returning do\\ii toward 
our ship, but we espied a canoe coming from the further part of the 
codde of the river, eastwaid. In it were three Indians, one of whom 
we had before seen, and his coming was very earnestly to importune us 
to let one of our men go with them to the Bashabe, and then the next 
morning he would come to our ship with furs and tobacco. 

June 13. — By 2 o'clock in the morning, taking advantage of the tide, 
we went in our pinnace up to that part of the river which trendeth west 
into the main, and we carried a cross to erect at that point [a thing 
never omitted by any Christian travellers]. Into that river we rowed, 
by estimation, twenty miles. 

Whatever profit or pleasure is described in the former part of the 
river is wholly doubled in this; for the breadth and depth is such that a 
ship, drawing seventeen or eighteen feet of water, might have passed 
as far as we went with our shallop, and much farther, because we left 
it in so good a depth. From the place of our ship's riding in the har- 
bor, at the entrance into the sound, to the furthest point we were in this 
river, by an estimation, was not much less than three-score miles. 

We were so pleased with this ruer, and so loth to forsake it, that we 
would have continued there willingly for two days, having only bread 
and cheese to eat. But the tide not suffering it, we came down with 
the ebb. We conceived that the river ran very far into the land, for 
we passed six or seven miles altogether fresh water (whereof we all 
drank), forced up by a flowing of the salt water. 

June 14. We warped our ship down to the river's mouth, and there 
came to anchor. 

15. Weighed anchor, and with a breeze from the land came to our 
i watering-place in Penobscot Harbor, and filled our cask. 

The last natned place has been reasonably conjee- 



5° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINI 



tured to be the present George's Island Harbor ; the 
"codde" or bay of the river, the Belfast Bay, in the 
Penobscot waters ; and the canoe seen to have come 
from Bagaducc, on the east side of Penobscot Bay. The 
voyage with the shallop, or pinnace, is argued to have 
been up the channel of the river. Weymouth is sup- 
posed to have anchored his ship ofif the peninsula now 
called Old Fort Point, and the mountains seen are iden- 
tified as the Penobscot Hills. The reasoning to support 
some of these conclusions will be found in the second 
volume of Belknap's American Biography. 

They are sharply controverted, however, by Mr. John 
McKeen, in a paper contributed to the fifth volume of 
the Maine Historical Collections, who is supported by 
writers in a subsequent volume of this scries. He holds 
that Weymouth, according to these entries in the Jour- 
nal, entered Townsend Harbor, since called Booth Bay, 
and thence explored the Sagadahoc River. The editor 
of the Collections does not agree with his arguments, 
but holds to the Penobscot theory, which ex-Covernor 
Joshua L. Chamberlain, now President of Bowdoin 
College, in his Centennial discourse on Maine: Her 
Place in History, seems also to favor. Dr. Palfrey, in his 
History of New England, suggests the Kennebec as the 
river of Weymouth's exploration, and others say the St. 
George's or Sagadahoc ; but it must be said, we think, 
that the weight of authority is with the Penobscot. The 
fact which seems to us conclusive, is the depth of water 
the diarist mentions about three-score miles " from the 
entrance into the sound," which is true of the Penobscot, 
but not of any other of the rivers in discussion. 

The adventurers were greatly delighted with the noble 
river and the country it waters. The Journal says: 
"Many who iiad been travellers in sundry countries 
and in the most famous rivers, affirmed them not com- 
parable with this — the most beautiful, rich, large, secure 
harbouring that the world affordeth." One of the old 
authors says Weymouth set up several crosses upon the 
land. He made no settlement, however; but sailed 
down the coast, carrying away five captive Indians, two 
of whom afterwards appeared in the streets of London, 
to wonder-eyed and gaping throngs. 

SAMtiEf. .\r<;all. 

This English adventurer, who three years afterwards 
by strategy carried off Pocahontas from her father's cap- 
ital to hold her a prisoner at Jamestown, visited the 
coast of Maine in 1610, on a fishing voyage. He was 
driven out of his course by a storm, and landed on a 
rocky island off Penobscot Bay, where he found "great 
store of seals," and so called it Seal Rock, a name still 
appertainmg to it. About three years afterwards he re- 
turned — Champlain says with sixty soldiers and fourteen 
pieces of artillery — and learning from the natives of 
the mission and settlement just beginning under the 
French in this region, at St. Sauveur, he suddenly at- 
tacked them, killing one of the missionaries, as else- 
where related, and completely breaking up the settlement, 
on the plea that it was within the patent of the Virginia 



Company. He then sailed up the coast and completed 
the reduction of the French settlements in Acadia. 

THE JESUIT FATHERS. 

It is worthy of note that the pious expedition set on 
foot by Madame la Marquise de Guercheville, the 
French lady to whom De Monts had ceded his Acadian 
title, and which bore the Fathers Biard and Masse, Quen- 
tun and Gilbert du Thet, was originally destined for Kad- 
esquit, which occupied the site of Bangor. Biard, who 
had preceded the latter two into the wilderness, had al- 
ready selected this as a mission station; and when they 
reached the harbor of St. Sauveur, on Mount Desert, 
they eagerly inquired the way to Kadesquit. The na- 
tives answered that their place was better, and, under 
plea of a visit to their sagamore Asticon, who was sick, 
they led the way to a beautiful site on the shore of 
Some's Sound, so advantageous that the cross ivas there 
planted, a slight entrenchment thrown up, and settlement 
begun, to the utter abandonment of the Kadesquit 
scheme. Had they gone up the Penobscot instead, they 
might have escaped the overwhelming disaster which fell 
upon them, as just above related. 

CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 

This celebrated explorer and soldier, of whom so 
many romantic stories are told, including the story of 
Pocahontas, was on the Maine coast in 16 14. He land- 
ed at Monhegan the last of April, with two vessels from 
London, and presently, in small boats, explored the 
shores each way, from Penobscot to Cape Cod, making 
a map of the coast as he went, which was prefixed to 
his History. In the title of this first appears the name 
New England, which some say Prince Charles gave; 
others say more probalily, he only confirmed the name 
which Smith suggested. The name is contained in 
Smith's claim that he "broughte our newe England to the 
subjection of the kingdom of Create Britain." In his 
explorations the shrewd Captain picked up a valuable 
cargo, which was sold abroad to great advantage. His 
best trading was not in the Penobscot country, where, he 
says, "our commodities were not so much esteemed," as 
"the French traders bartered their articles on better 
terms." 

In 1615 Smith made another start upon a voyage to 
reach New England, but was driven back by storms; and 
a third venture was intercepted by French pirates, and 
he was once more compelled to return. He was not 
heard of again in the New World he had done so much 
to discover, develop, and advertise. 

SUBSEQUENT VOYAGES 

to the coast of Maine have no special concern with this 
history. The Penobscot waters were now well known to 
the world, and scarcely ten years more elapsed before 
the habitations of civilization began to rise upon their 
picturesque shores. 



'HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



51 



CHAPTER IV. 

GEOGRAPHICAL DESIGNATIONS. 

Vinland— Skroellinge Land— Mavoshen—Drogeo— Terra de Baccalhaos 
The Land of llie Bretons— The Country of Gomez— Norumbeg.a— 
The Term m Literature— Acadia— North Virginia— New England- 
Nova Scotia — The Waldo or Muscongiis Patent— The County of 
Canada— The Territory of Sagadahock— The County of Cornwall — 
The Dutch at Penobscot— New Ireland — The Province of Mayne— 
The District of Maine— The State of Maine. 

No SMALL part of the early history of this Northeastern 
country is involved in the tlefinitions given by the ex- 
plorers or early cartographers to the territory now occu- 
pied by the State of Maine, or to larger tracts within 
which that territory was included. As the process of 
colonization went on, and the demands formore localized 
government increased, we shall also find that the valley 
of the Penobscot, or some part of it, was included in va- 
rious successive county organizations, until at last Pe- 
nobscot county, with its present limits and subdivisions, 
stood full-formed. 

VINI.AND. 

Leif, son of Erik the Red, a Noiseman and the first 
settler of Greenland, set out from the settlement at Erik's 
Fiord in the year 1000, and sailed with a crew of thirty-five 
men to the southwest, over a track [lursued ninj years 
before by Biarne, whose ship Lief had bought. First 
they reached the land seen by Biarne, Labrador or New- 
foundland, which they called Helluland, or the Stone 
Land. Sailing thence to the coast of Nova Scotia, they 
called it Markland, or the Woodland. Reaching finally 
Cape Cod, and, it is believed, the south shore of Rhode 
Island, and finding there the marvel of vines and grapes, 
they gave to this south country the name of Vinland, 
which needs no interpretation, and which the Norsemen 
subsequently applied to the whole coast between that re- 
gion and Markland, or Nova Scotia. Vinland, then, was 
the first country of European designation in which the 
Penobscot territory, or any part of it, was included. 

The "Promontorium Vinlandis," as a designation for 
our Cape Cod, stands out conspicuously u|3on the chart 
of the North .Atlantic, published by the Icelander Sigurd 
Stephanius, in 1570. This point, however, because "it 
was long to sail by," the daring voyagers themselves had 
called Furdurstrands, or the \Vondei -strands. 

In the year 11 12 Pope Paschal II. a]j[)ointed Erik 
Upsi, a Norse ecclesiastic, as Bishop of Iceland, Green- 
land, and Vinland ; and he is very doubtfully said to 
have visited personally the last-named or North Ameri- 
can division of his diocese, in 1121. 

"SKR.ELLINGE LAND," 

or the country of the wretched dwarfs — that is, the sav- 
ages, who were designated by the rude Northmen with 
the contemptuous epithet of SkrasUings (chips, parings, or 
mere fragments of humanity) — is the term applied upon 
the map of Stephanius to the whole country between the 
Promontorium Vinlandia; and "Marckland." 

Mr. Gay, in his Popular History of the United States, 
starts a very interesting inquiry as to these dwarfish 
Skraellings. He says: 



The assumption is that that these people of the Vinland vicinity were 
Esquimau.x. If that be true, and the term was used merely for want of 
any other to apply to copper-colored natives, then we are to conclude 
that the Indians were later comers in that part of the country. Did the 
first displace the Mound-building people, and then, in the course of 
time, move upon and displace the Estiuimaux of the Atlantic coast? 
Was it this race who were not smokers, and who made the shell-heaps 
where no pipes are found? 

MAVOSHF.N. 

The aboriginal designation by which the territory now 
embraced in the State of Maine was known, is that of 
Mavoshn, Mavooshen or Mawooshen (Belknap) Mai- 
vooshen (Purchas), or Moasham (Gorges). It was the 
general name, apparently, given by the red-skinned na- 
tives of the land. Mr. Belknap, in the second volume of 
his American Biography, says it was a title for the whole 
country of Maine and comprised nine or ten rivers, 
whereof the westernmost was Shawakotock, known to the 
French as Chouakoet, and to the English as Saco. The 
easternmost was Quibequessen, somewhere east of the 
PenobscoL The northern part of the same district, he 
remaiks further, included the Penobscot bay and river, 
which were also called Pemaquid, though the latter name 
was afterwards approjjriated to the jjoint or reach of land 
six leagues to the westward. Not far from here dwelt 
the great chief, the Bashaba, who presumably ruled the 
dominions of Mavoshen. Purchas' Pilgrimage describes 
Mavoshen as "a country lying to the north and east of 
Virginia, between the degrees of forty -three and forty-five. 
It is forty leagues broad and fifty in length, lying in 
breadth east and west and in length north and south. It 
is bordered on the east side with a country, the people 
whereof they call Tarrantines ; on the east with Ephistoma ; 
on the north with a great wood, called Senaglecouna ; and 
on the south with the main ocean, sea, and many islands. 
In Mavooshen it seemeth there are nine rivers, the west- 
ernmost of which is Shawacotoc. At the head of this 
river, to the northwest, there is a small province which 
they call Crokemago, wherein is one town. This is c<m- 
jectured by the historian Williamson to have been" prob- 
ably the Indian Pegwacket" 

The present tract of Penobscot county was, then, 
anciently a part of " Mavoshen." We shall in like man- 
ner proceed briefly to indicate the several geographical 
designations and civil jurisdictions including the region 
of which this History is more immediately to treat. 

UROGEO. 

The sea-chart of the Venetian brothers, Nicolo and 
Antonio Zeno, drawn about the year 1400, nearly a cen- 
tury before the discovery by Columbus, published in 
1558, and beautifully reduced and printed in fac-simile 
by Dr. Kohl, in the first volume of the new series of the 
Maine Historical Collections, exhibits three unknown 
lands in the Western Hemisphere — Icaria, Estotiland, and 
Drogeo. The first of these, an island, has been identified 
with reasonable probability as Newfoundland; the second 
as Nova Scotia; the third as the Norse Vinland, or New- 
England, and upon the map of Lewelel, published at 
Brussels in 1852, with his Geography of the Middle Ages, 
it appears precisely in the locality of the present State of 



S2 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Maine. It is blind work idenlifying the tracts, from the 
meager indications presented ; but the conclusions reached 
above seem the most probable of any. Drogeo, then, 
is another pre-Columbian name for the country with 
which this History deals.* 

Drogeo was afterwards depicted upon the old charts as 
an island, floating somewhere in mid-ocean. 

TERRA DE BACC.M,H.\O.S. 

Upon several of the Portuguese and other old maps, 
the New England country is included in the vast tract 
designated as Terra de Baccalhaos, a Portuguese term for 
the Land of Codfish, said by some to have been discov- 
ered by the father of the Cortereals before the time of 
Columbus. The English sometimes called it "the Coun- 
try of Bacallaos," and likewise " the Newfoundland," 
and " the New Isles." The Baccalhaos name designated 
the island of Newfoundland for a long time. 

THE LANli OK THE liRETONS. 

Early in the sixteenth century, the hardy Bretons of 
St. Malo, the Normans of Dieppe, and other Frenchmen, 
began to apjiear in fishing voyages upon the coasts of 
Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. The former gave the 
title to the island of Cape Breton, which bears, as Dr. 
Kohl remarks, the oldest F'rench name on the American 
northeast coast. From them also was derived the desig- 
nation Tcrre dts Bretons, or Land of the Bretons, which 
appears upon maps of that time as applicable to a wide 
extent of territory, including Nova Scotia and a large 
part .of New England. It w-as also described by Ra- 
musio as La Ter>-e Ncrroe (the New Land), extending 
from forty degrees to sixty degrees north, and he says 
many called it, particularly the southern part, La Terre 
Fra/icais (the French Land). 

THE COUNTRY OF GOMEZ. 

On the old Spanish maps of North America, the tract 
of which Maine is now a subdivision is laid down as 
" La Tierra de Gomez," from Estevan (Stephen) Gomez, 
a Portuguese in the service of Spain, who sailed in 1525 
from Newfoundland, probably, to Florida. He may 
have seen or touched the shores of Maine, but there is 
no certain record of it, except, perhaps, a remark here- 
after quoted from the beginning of Hakluyt's Discourse 
concerning Western Planting. Dr. Kohl says, however : 

Gomez probably entered this inlet [Penobscot Bay], and e.xplored it 
more accurately than any other part of the coast; and in his report to 
the king may probably have lavished his praises on its harbors, us 
islands and its scenery. 

We have already noted a fact which lends additional 
probability to this statement, that the Penobscot river 
was called the Rio de Gomez on the maps, and also by 
another Spanish name, the Rio Grande. His voyage 
adds one more to the nationalities that have claimed 
jurisdiction or given a name to this region. After that 
event the fishermen of Biscay, for more than a hundred 
years, appeared in the waters about Newfoundland with 

*The Rev. H. V. Da Costa, however, in his Critical E.\amination of 
Dr. Kohl's work, thinks the learned German mistaken in his location of 
" Drogeo," and that the appellation never belonged to any country so 
far to the southward as Maine. 



many vessels, amid the fishing fleets of the Bretons, Nor- 
mans, and Basques, until they were forced away by rival 
nations about the middle of the seventeenth century. 

NORUMBEGA. 

This — or Norombega (Purchas and Belknap), Nor- 
umbegua (Sullivan), or Norimbagua (Champlain), etc., 
etc., — is more strictly a local designation, probably ap- 
plied, rather than found, by the Europeans who earliest 
visited the Penob.scot waters. Williamson says, however, 
in treating of De Monts' expedition : 

In ranging the coast weslwardly, they entered the bay of Penobscot, 
which, with the neighboring country, some European adventurers had 
previously understood by the natives, was called Norombegua. 

L'Escarbot, in his History of De Monts' Voyages, 
notes the name, in the same passage with " St. Croix," 
as that of a river in the country of the Etchetnins. Pur- 
chas's note is " Pemptegoet [Penobscot] is that place so 
famous under the name of Norombega." M. Denys, in 
his Geographical and Historical Description of North 
America, 1672, mentions "Norimbagua" as the previous 
name of the first province in what he calls Canada — 
that province extending " from Pentagoet [Penobscot] 
to St. John." Belknap's remark seems to cover the 
exact ground of the real information on the subject : 

Norombega was a part of the same district comprehending Penobscot 
bay and river, but its easleru and western limits are not described. 

Finally, the following interesting discussion of the sub- 
ject is embraced in Governor Sullivan's History of the 
District of Maine : 

The people of Xorumbega were supposed to be an ancient people 
who lived on the river Penobscot, then called Pemptegeovett, near to 
which, as it was imagined, a great city once stood, called by the name 
of Norumbegua. Tlie bounds of New England was conceived to e.v- 
tend to the river Pemaquid. and the country of Norumbegua to be 
bounded west on that, and to run as far east as Penobscott, including 
.Sheepscott river, then called Chavacovett. Some suppose it to be a 
collection of Indian huts, and others an ancient town. In ogilby it ts 
conjectured to be the ruins of an ancient town, which the natives called 
Arambeck, and had deserted it. Some thought that the country had 
been called by this name because a colony of Norwegians had anciently 
been settled there. 

The appellation of this part of the country, and of the several parts 
which were supposed to be within the same, and of the rivers supposed 
to be there, are not known in the Indian language, nor have the natives 
any traditions of such towns or cities as are conjectured in the old 
writers of the American history. On the whole, it may be safely con- 
cluded that there never was an ancient country or city called Norum- 
begua, but that the rage of the day for new discoveries, and the idle 
tales of the voyagers, gave an imaginary existence to such a place. 

The name Arambec, or Arambeag, sometimes found 
instead of Norumbega, is believed to come nearer the 
original word, as eag is a well-known termination in many 
geographical names in the Northeast, meaning land or 
place. A corruption of this, and the change into a Latin 
ending, would easily give Norumbega. This designation 
was generally used by the French, until supplanted by 
Acadia. Norumbega first appears upon the old maps in 
a chart of New France, prepared by the Italian Jacomo di 
Gastaldi, about the year 1550. Here the "Terra de 
Nvrvmbega," ornamented with neat drawings of trees 
and mountains, and many figures of natives variously 
engaged, with fishermen and sea animals off the shore, 
corresponds closely to the later Nova Scotia. Its shore- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



53 



line is about 500 miles long. But a small stretch of the 
coast of Maine is shown. 

G,astaldi doubtless derived the information upon which 
this map was made from Pierre Crignon, a French navi- 
gator and writer, in 1537 or 1539, upon the French ex- 
plorers, who was the first, so far as is known, to disclose 
the aboriginal name "Norumbt'ga," by which he names 
a vast extent of couiitr\'. including the tract now occu- 
pied by Maine. (But Mr. DeCosta says Norumbega was 
named by Peter Martyr, in 151 1. See his The Northmen 
in Maine: A Critical E.\amination, etc.) According, how- 
ever, to this writer's "Discourse of a great French sea- 
captain of Dieppe [Jean Parmetier], on the navigations 
made to the West Indies, called New France, from the 
40° to the 47' N.," Norumbega reached even to Florida. 
It was subsequently narrowed to New England, then to 
the Maine country, and finally to the Penobscot region. 
The preface to the first volume of the New Series of the 
Maine Historical Collections remarks that " the ancient 
Norumbega, embracing sometimes the whole of New- 
England, has a conspicuous place on nearly all the early 
maps, and retained its name far into the next century, 
but over a narrower region. 

Old Heylin, in his Cosmographie, printed at London 
in 1652, attempts something like a boundary of tliis 
country in the following : 

Norombega hath on the N. E. Nova .Scotia, on the S. \V. Virginia. 
Virginia, in the full latitude thereof, e.xtendeth 
from the 34th degree, where it joins with Florida, unto the 44th degree, 
where it quartereth on Xorombega. 

Now we will let Monsieur Crignon speak for himself 
in regard to this wonderful land. He says: 

Going beyond the cape of the Bretons, there is a country contiguous 
to this cape, the coast of which trends to the west a quarter southwest 
to the country ^f Florida, and runs along for a good five hundred 
leagues ; which coast was disco\'ered fifteen years ago by Master Gio- 
vanni da Verrazano in the name of the King of France and of Madame 
la Regente : and this country is called by many " La Francese, " and 
even by the Portuguese themselves ; and its end is toward Florida under 
18'' west and 38*^ north. The inhabitants of this country are a very 
pleasant, tractable, and peaceful people. The country- is abounding 
with all sorts of fruits. There grow oranges, almonds, wild grapes, 
and many other fruits of odoriferous trees. The country is named by 
the inhabitants, "Nurumbega;" and between it and Brazil is a great 
gulf, in which are the islands of the West Indies, discovered by the 
Spaniards. 

But before this, in 1527, the English ship Mary of 
Guilford, commanded by Master John Rut, had been in 
North American w-aters, and "returned by the coasts of 
Newfoundland, Cape Breton, and Norumbega," as Hak- 
luyt says in his book of Voyages, Navigations, etc. But 
Hakluyt's first edition w-as not published till 1589, and 
Gastaldi must have relied upon Crignon. This old edi- 
tion of Hakluyt's reads "coasts of Arambec," which prob- 
ably means the same as Norumbega. 

Upon the map of Girolamo Ruscelli, of date 1561, 
this country appears as "Tierra de Nurumberg" (an evi- 
dent confusion of "Norumbega" with a noted German 
city), and is placed on the coast above "Larcadia," or 
Acadia, which is something like getting the cart before 
the horse. 

Again, upon the map of Michael Lok, of 15S2, niade 
after Verrazano's "olde excellent mappe," the country 



appears as "Norombega," a long island, including every- 
thing from Cape Breton to a large strait running from 
north to south, and supposed by some to designate the 
Hudson river. All the n-iaps of Lok's time are said by 
Dr. Kohl to have the name conspicuous upon this part 
of thern. Upon many subsequent maps it is displaced 
by "Tiera de Bacalos" and other titles, but reappears on 
Mercator's maps, in the latter part of the sixteenth cen- 
tury, in the "Novus Atlas" of William and John Blaen, 
1642, where it is printed as "Norembega," but previously, 
in a map published by Hondius in 1607, as "Nurum- 
bega." 

In a great map of 1543, prepared by order of Henry 
II., King of France, the name "Auotobagra" occurs 
near Penobscot Bay, just where other maps have Norum- 
bega, and runs up to a castle or cluster of houses in the 
place where subsequent charts locate the city of Norum- 
bega. "Auorobagra" is therefore reasonably conjectured 
to be a misprint for the latter word. 

On the map of the celebrated geographer and carto- 
grapher, Gerard Mercator, 1568, repiesenting the east 
coast of North America, we have the first location of a 
large city or aboriginal capital of the country of Norum- 
bega, on the east bank of the Penobscot, with the name 
"Norumbega" attached. The existence of such a city 
is also afifirnied by some of the old writers, as Pilot Jean 
Alphonse, of Xaintonge, who says that Noronibega was a 
city fifteen to twenty leagues from the sea, whose inhab- 
itants were small and of a dark complexion. The fable 
was repeated as late as 1607, in the Historie Universelle 
des Indes Occidentales, and the name is honorably per- 
petuated in "Norombega Hall" and otherwise. Yet it 
must be said that the evidence supporting such belief is 
very slight and unsatisfactory. Even the maps exhibit- 
ing the locality place it upon the east side of the Penob- 
scot ("on the Brewer flats," some writers say), and not 
upon the site of Bangor. 

The tradition of a large city called Norombega, situa- 
ted upon the site of the city, seems, however, to have 
passed into tacit acceptance in that place. But Judge 
Godfrey and other well-inforn-ied local writers speak of it 
as "the mythical great city," and the like. Champlain 
says in his Voyages: 

From the entrance [of Penobscot Bay] to where I was, which is 
twenty-five leagues up the river, I saw no city nor village nor appear- 
ance of there having been one ; but, indeed, one or two savage huts 
where there was nobody. 

And again, in the account of his voyage of 1605, 

through Penobscot Bay and up the river, he says of the 

rumored Norumbega: 

They say also there is a great city well peopled with savages, adroit 
and skillful, and used to the manufacture of cotton. I am sure that 
most of those who speak of these things have never seen them, and de- 
rive their authority from men who know no more than themselves. 

All that Champlain reports of possible civilization in 
the Penobscot wilderness was what he took to be an an- 
cient and moss-covered cross somewhere in the woods. 
He was undoubtedly mistaken, however, in his identifi- 
cation of this object — unless, indeed, he in 1605 found 
Weymouth's cross planted up some river the same spring, 
which would hardly be as yet old and mossy. 



54 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



Says Heylin, in his Cosmographie: 

Most have formerly agreed upon Norumbegua or Aranipec, as the 
natives call it ; said to be a large, populous, and well-built town, and 
to be situated on a fair and capacious river of the same name also. 
But later observations tell us there is no such matter ; that the river 
which the first relations did intend is Pemptegouet, neither larpe nor 
pleasant [ ! ] : and that the place by them meant is called Agguncia, 
so far from being a fair city, that there are only a few sheds or cal)ins, 
covered with the barks of trees or the skins of beasts. 

Upon the whole, it must be concluded that there was 
nowhere ujjon the Penobscot, and at no time during the 
aboriginal jicriod, anything more than the ordinary, 
wretched Indian villages, at one of which the Pjashaba, 
or chief, had his lodge and petty court. 

The Penobscot is designated upon Mercator's map as 
Rio Grande, or the "great river;" and it soon came to 
be designated as the "Great River of Norumbega." 
Thevet, in 1556, mentioning it also as the Grand River 
on the charts, and called "Agoncy" by the natives, says, 
"which we call Norumbegue," and eulogizes it as "one 
of the finest rivers in the whole world." He mentions 
also a little fort erected by the French ten or twelve 
leagues from its mouth, and named the " Fort of Nor- 
umbegue." The "(Ireat River of Norumbega," with the 
mythical city on its eastern shore, makes a great figure 
in many maps and charts of the sixteenth century. 

The great gulf between Cape Cod and Nova Scotia, 
not even yet receiving a specific geographical designa- 
tion of general acceptance, but sometimes called the 
Gulf of Maine, or of New England, was named by the 
French fishermen of the earliest day as the Sea or Gulf 
of Norumbega, from the country on the side of the 
mainland. 

Norumbega has made some figure in other literature 
than that of travel or history. C)ne considerable work 
of the old compiler and writer, Richard Hakluyt — the 
Discourse concerning Western Planting, written in 1584, 
but not printed until nearly three centuries afterwards, 
when, in 1877, it first saw the light by the enterprise of 
the Maine Historical Society — was apparently written 
for the express pur[)ose of stimulating emigration to 
Norumbega. In almost his opening sentence he men- 
tions that "those [natives] whom Stephen Gomez 
brought from the coaste of Maine in the year 1524 
worshiijjjed the sonne, the moone, and the starres, and 
used other idolatrie." 

Milton, also, in the tenth book of the l\aradise Lost, 
uses Norumbega fur the purposes of illustration. His 
words are : — 

Now from the North 
Of Norombega and the .Samoed shore, 
Bursting their brazen dungeons, armed with ice, 
And snow and hail, and stormy gust and flaw, 
Boreas and C'a;cias, and .^rgestes loud. 
And Tlirascias rend the woods and rocks upturn. 

The noblest poetical tribute, however, as yet paid to 
Norumbega, is by the Quaker poet, John G. Whittier, 
in a contribution to the Atlantic Monthly for June, 1S69. 
We give it place here without abridgment, e.xcept to re- 
move the historical foot-note: — 



NOREMBEGA. 

BY J. G. WHITTIER. 

The winding way the serpent takes 

The mystic water took. 
From where, to count its beaded lakes, 

The forest sped its brook. 

A narrow space "twixt shore and shore. 

For sun or stars to fall, 
While evermore, behind, before. 

Closed in the forest wall. 

The dim wood hiding underneath 

Wan flowers without a name ; 
Life tangled with decay and death. 

League after league the same. 

Unbroken over swamp and hill 

The rounding shadow lay. 
Save where the river cut at will 

A pathway to the day. 

Beside that track of air and light. 

Weak as a child unweaned. 
At shut of day a Christian knight 

Upon his henchman leaned. 

The embers of the sunset's fires 

Along the clouds on high ; 
"I see," he said, "the domes and spires 

Of Norembega town." 

"Alack! the domes, O master mine. 

Are golden clouds on high ; 
Yon spire is but the branchless pine 

That cuts the evening sky." 

"O hush and hark! What sounds are these 

But chants and holy hymns ? 
"Thou hear'st the breeze that stirs the trees 

Through all their leafy limbs." 

" Is it a chapel bell that fills 

The air with its low tone?" 
"Thou hear'st the tinkle of the rills, 

The insect's vesper drone." • 

" The Christ be praised !— He sets for me 

A blessed cross in sight I " 
"Now, nay, 'tis but yon blasted tree 

With two gaunt arms outright ! " 

" Be it wind so sad or tree so stark. 

It mattereth not, my knave ; 
Methinks to funeral hymns I hark. 

The cross is for my grave ! 

"My life is sped ; I shall not see 

My home-set sails again ; 
The sweetest eyes of Noimandie 

Shall watch for me in vain. 

"Yet onward still to ear and eye 

The baffling marvel calls ; 
1 fain would look before I die 

On Norembega's walls. 

"So, haply, it shall be thy part 

At Christian feet to lay 
The mystery of the desert's heart 

My dead hand plucked away. 

" Leave me an hour of rest ; go thou 

And look from yonder heights ; 
Perchance the valley even now 

Is starred with city lights." 

The henchman climbed the nearest hill. 

He saw nor tower nor town. 
But, through the drear woods, lone and still, 

The river rolling down. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



55 



He heard the stealthy feet of things 

Whose shapes he could not see, 
A flutter as of evil wings. 

The fall of a dead tree. 

The pines stood black against the moon. 

A sword of tire beyond ; 
He heard the wolf howl, and the lonii 

Laugh from his reedy pond. 

He turned him back : " O master dear, 

We are but men misled ; 
.\nd thou hast sought a city here 

To find a grave instead." 

"As God shall will ! what matter wliere 

A true man's cross may stand. 
So Heaven be o'er it here as there 

In pleasant Norman land? 

"These woods, perchance, no secret hide 

Of lordly tower and hall ; 
Yon river in its wanderings wide 

Has washed no city wall ; 

"Yet mirrored in the sullen stream 

The holy stars are given ; 
Is Norembega then a dream 

Whose waking is in Heaven? 

" No bnilded wonder of these lands 

My weary eyes shall see ; 
A city never made with hands 

Alone awaiteth me — 

■ ' ' Urds Syctn mysticd ' ; I see 

Its mansions passing fair, 
' Condi ta ca.lo' : let me be. 

Dear Lord, a dweller there ! " 

Above the dying e.xile hung 

The vision of the bard. 
.\s faltered on his failing tongue 

The songs of good Bernard. 

The henchman dug at dawn a grave 

Beneath the hemlocks brown. 
.And to the desert's keeping gave 

The lord of fief and town. 

Years after, when the Sieur Cliamplain 

.Sailed up the mystic stream. 
And Norembega proved again 

A shadow and a dream. 

He found the Norman's nameless grave 

Within the hemlock's shade. 
And, stretching wide its arms to save. 

The sign tliat God had- made, — 

The cross-boughed tree that marked the spot 

.And made it holy ground : 
He needs the earthly city not 

Who hath the heavenly found I 

ACADIA. 

The next designation for the Maine and much oilier 
country east of the Penobscot, and at one time, as we 
shall see, for a tract west of that river also, was French, 
originally Acadia, a corruption, some say, of Arcadia, the 
classic name of the picturesque old tract in the middle 
of the Peloponnesus (the modern Morea), the Switzer- 
land of Greece, whose people believed themselves to be 
the oldest tribe on the peninsula. This old-time deriva- 
tion is n')t now generally accepteil, but the word is held 
to be of unmixed Indian origin, .\ccording to Mr. Porter 
C. Bliss, said to be very competent authority on Indian 
words, Acadie is a pure Micmac word, with the significa- 
tion of "place." The Eastern Indians still use it in 



composition; and Passamaquoddy, or "the place of the 
pollock," is derived from the Etchemin word pestum- 
acadie. Its own derivation is from ahkt, "land," or 
"place," and da^ an interjection denoting admiration, 
the whole implying a fertile or abundant country excit- 
ing pleasant surprise. The name first ap])ears in a map 
of " Tierra Nueva," or the New Land, by Ruscelli, in 
1561, as "Larcadia," designating an unlimited tract be- 
tween "Tierra de Nurumberg" (Nurumbega) and "La 
Florida." It was afterwards written and printed "L'Ar- 
cadie," "L'Accadie," "la Cadie," " L' Acadie," "Lacadie," 
"Accady," and "Accadia," and even niore eccentric 
shapes, but is commonly known, in speech and WTiting, 
as Acadia. In this country, on the Nova Scotian side — 

In the .Acadian land, on the shores of the basin of Minas, 

where — 

Distant, secluded, still, the little village of Grand Pre 
Lay in the fruitful valley. 

the thatch-roofed village, the home of .Acadian farmers. 
Men whose lives glided on like rivers that water the woodlands, 
Darkened by shadows of earth, but reilecting an image of heaven," — 

here Mr. Longfellow has placed the opening scenes of 
his poem "Evangeline." 

It is not certainly known when or by whom the name 
was first applied to this region. It appears to have been 
already in use at the time (November 8, 1603) the first 
royal grant of the country was made, by Henry IV. of 
France and Navarre, to Pierre du Guast, otherwise the 
Sieur de Monts. The words of the charter are, as ren- 
dered into English : "We do appoint, ordain, make, 
constitute, and establish you our Lieutenant General, to 
represent our person in the country, territory, coasts, and 
confines of Acadia, from the fortieth to the forty-sixth 
degree ; and within this extent, or any part thereof, as 
far inland as may be practicable, to establish, extend, 
and make known our name, power, and authority, and 
therewith subject, cause to submit and obey, all the 
people of the said land and circumjacent country," etc., 
etc. This was the first civil jurisdiction proclaimed by 
an enlightened government over Eastern Maine. It was 
a vast tract thus assigned to the supremacy of De 
Monts, extending from the latitude of Philadelphia to 
the northern slopes of Mount Katahdin, including the 
southern part of the present New Brunswick and nearly 
the whole of Nova Scotia, and extending indefinitely 
fr.jin the .Atlantic toward the Pacific. 

De Monts sailed for his new possessions in two 
well-equipped vessels, March 7, 1604, with a companion 
of some note, M. de Pontrincourt, and a [lilot of mm h 
greater fame, the renowned Samuel Champlain, the cour- 
ageous exiilorer from whom the beautiful water between 
New York and Vermont takes its name. Reaching the 
coast off Nova Scotia, they presently explored the Bay of 
Fundy, selected the site of Port Royal, later .Xnnapolis, 
visited and named St. John's River, and reared a fortifica- 
tion on the island they called St. Croix — from the brooks 
about it, which came "crosswise to fall within this large 
branch of the sea" (the Schoodic, which also came to be 
known as the St. Croix). Here De Monts wintered ; here 
was the first settlement, though not a permanent one, in 
.■\cadia — the Settlement at Port Royal not beginning 



56 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



until the next year; and here was in some sense the first 
seat of government for the vast province of Acadia, in- 
cluding all of the present Penobscot county, except a 
parallelogram of about thirty miles, in length and bre;idth, 
at the northern end. 

De Mont's rule was soon broken, as to nearly the 
whole of his mighty domain, by the establishment of 
North and South Virginia, under English auspices; but 
the I'Yench dominion in this (piarter was restored by the 
treaty of St. (Jerniains, March 9, 1632, under the third 
article of which "His Majesty of Great Britain promises 
by his ambassador to give up and lestore to his most 
Christian Majesty all the places occupied in New France, 
Acadia, and Canada by the subjects of his Majesty of 
Great Britain, causing the latter to retire from the said 
places, and deliver to the commissaries of the most 
Christian King in gt'od faith the power which he (the 
ambassador) has from his Majesty of Great Britain, for 
the restitution of said places." The English settlers 
were, however, not wholly excluded from the country, 
and many of them remained. New France, mentioned 
in the article, was the general designation for all the vast 
tracts in North America, not only at the East, but upon 
the great waters of the West, supposed to be vested in 
the crown of France, by the discoveries of her brave and 
pious explorers. The name is said to have been given 
first by John Verazzani, the Florentine voyager in the 
French service, who sailed the entire coast from Florida 
to Newfoundland in 1524, and took possession of the 
Acadian country for France. He was killed (and eaten, 
some say) by the Indians, somewhere upon its rock-bound 
shores. In 1627 the title was legally recognized in the 
grant of the domain to this body corporate of one hundred 
and seven formed by Cardinal Richelieu, and called the 
Company of New France. Of this immense region 
Acadia, Canada, and Louisiana — each of which, espec- 
ially the last, was in territorial extent and empire — were 
component parts. 

-Some years before the treaty of St. Gerniains, the 
F'rench king had made a grant of land on the livcr St. 
Johns to M. Claude St. Estienne de la Tour, a professed 
Protestant, to whom was afterwards (February 11, 1631) 
given a commission from Louis as Governor of Acadia. 
The next year after the treaty, in 1633, Cardinal Riche- 
lieu a|)pointed M. de Razilla, an officer in the army, to 
take command in Acadia. La Tour, whose autliority 
was now subordinate to that of Razilla, continued to re- 
side upon the St. Johns, while the latter received an ex- 
tensive grant west of La Tour's, including the bay and 
river of St. Croix, and the islands "twelve leagues on the 
sea." Razilla lived chiefly, however, in the fortress of 
La Heve, east of Liver[)ool, on the south shore of Nova 
Scotia, and there had the seat of his government. The 
English from New I'lymouth, on the Massachusetts 
coast, had already established a trading-house on the 
eastern shore of Penobscot Bay, and remained tmdis- 
turbed until early June, 1632, when a French vessel, 
piloted, strange to say, by a recreant Scotchman, came 
down upon it from the furl her parts of Acadia. Mr. 
Williamson thus continues the story: 



Her crew, conducting in tfie true character of freebooters, pretended 
they had put into harbour in distress, and would esteem a permission to 
repair leaks and refresh themselves as a great favor. Emboldened by 
generous courtesies received, as well as by information of the master's 
aljsence with most of his men on a tour westward for goods, they fiist 
examined the forl-arms to ascertain if they were charged, then, seizing 
swords and loaded muskets, ordered the three or four remaining keepers 
of the truck-house to surrender, upon pain of instant death, and to de- 
liver their goods and immediately put them on board. Having in this 
shameful manner rifled the fort of its contents, to the amount of ;^5oo, 
they bade the men this taunting and insulting farewell, "Tell your mas- 
ter to rememljcrr the Isle of Re." 

The last was an allusion to the crushing defeat sus- 
tained by the English at an island, on the French coast 
six years before. The traders at Penobscot, notwith- 
standing this raid, restored and continued their post and 
traffic there for three years longer, when they were com- 
pelled to leave. They had meanwhile, in 1633, founded 
another trading-house at Machias, with a valuable stock 
and a small, but well-armed and trusty guard. This, too, 
was plundered by La Tour the next year, who killed two 
of the defenders in overcoming resistance and carried off 
a large amount of property, with the survivors as prison- 
ers. He afterwards, when taken to task by a New Ply- 
mouth colonist for this transaction, boldly declared that 
his authority was from the King of France, " who claiins 
the coast from Cape Sable to Cape Cod," and that, if the 
English attempted to trade to the east of Pemaquid, he 
would sieze them. He then dismissed the Englishman 
with his countrymen, the prisoners taken at Machias. 

Many years afterwards, in 1654, La Tour was unpleas- 
antly surprised by an English expedition with secret or- 
ders from Cromwell to reduce the French possessions in 
tliis quarter. The station at Penobscot was surrendered 
without resistance ; La Tour, at St. John's, was wholly 
unpre|)ared for battle, and his settlement was captured 
without difificulty, as also Port Royal, La Heve, Cape 
Sable, and every colony in the province. This was in 
time of peace between France and England, and the 
former power naturally complained of the invasion; hut 
Crorawc-U, claiming under the t)lder title, refused restitu- 
tiiin. The next year the contjuest was formally confirmed 
to the iMiglish; but again, in 1667, it was returned to 
France under the Treaty of Breda. 

In the summer of 1635, M. I)'.\ulnay, who had 
command, under Razilla, of the Acadian country w^est 
of the St. Croix, made another descent upon the trading 
house at Biguyduce, or Penobscot, and again plundered 
it of goods. He did not leave the traders and their em- 
plovees, as La Tour did, to revive the business upon their 
departure; but sent them away altogether, with the 
swelling injunction and threat, "(io now, and tell all the 
])lantations southwartl to the twentieth degree that a fleet 
of eight ships will be sent against them within a year, to 
displace the whole of them; and know that my commis- 
sion is from the King of F'rance." D'Aulney remained 
upon the spot with eighteen followers, and fortified 
against expected attack from the English. This soon 
came at the hands of Captain Girling, in command of a 
large vessel called the Hope, which had been engaged 
for the purpose at Ipswich by the New Plymouth colon- 
ists, with the pledge of two hundred pounds, if the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



57 



enterprise against D'Aulnay succeeded. The enemy 
were too well entrenched, however, and, when Girling 
had fired away all his ammunition, nothing remained but 
to maintain a silent blockade in front of the fortress. 
Meanwhile Massachusetts was making common cause 
with New Plymouth for the expulsion of the French 
from Biguyduce; and, under the advice of a captain of 
much military experience, named Sellanova, was prepar- 
ing a more extensive expedition against D'Aulnay, when 
a tremendous storm did so much damage in the fields 
and otherwise that provisions could not be had for it, 
and it was abandoned. The French were presently 
relieved of Girling's presence by the arrival of part of a 
shipwrecked crew of Connecticut mariners, who had 
been kindly treated by Razilla, and furnished with a 
shallop for their voyage home. In some way difficult to 
understand, these unfortunates fell into the hands of 
D'Aulnay, rather than Girling: and the Frenchman 
refused to let them go unless the obnoxious ship from 
Ipswich should depart. The Hope was now probably 
hopeless of success, and only too glad to get away. She 
accordingly sailed for home, and D'Aulnay then allowed 
his later visitors to leave, bearing a courteous letter to 
the Governor of New Plymouth. He and I.a Tour both 
made a solemn declaration afterwards that they would 
never, unless expressly ordered to do so, claim any terri- 
tory west of Pemaquid. 

As to the extent of Acadia (or Nova Scotia), it is 
usually held not to have reached further westward than 
the line of the Penobscot. It is observable, however, 
that during the English occupancy 1755-67, in the grant 
to Sir Thomas Temple and the younger La Tour, the 
Protector's charter describes their tract as "the territory 
sometimes called L'Accadia, and that part of the country 
called Nova Scotia, from Merliquash [later Lunenberg] 
to Penobscot, the river St. George, and the Muscongus, 
situated on the confines of New England" — which car- 
ried the boundary far to the southwestward of Penobscot. 
But Mr. Williamson avers that "it is certain, however, 
that the French had at no time any territorial possessions 
westward of Penobscot River and Bay waters, which 
were for many years the divisional boundary between 
them and the English." 

The failure, in the treaty of St. Germains, to prescribe 
definite limits to Acadia, led to endless controversies, 
and the grant itself was furthermore always an unpopular 
measure with the colonists in New England. The reces- 
sion of the Acadian province to France by the treaty of 
Breda, or rather in a subsequent article, was also greatly 
lamented ; and it was a grave question concerning the 
grant to Sir Thomas Temple, whether the Crown could 
cede any other right over the territory than that of sov- 
ereignty. Indeed, upon the pressure of his claims on 
the English Government, he was nominally allowed the 
total sum of ^16,200 for his purchase money and ex- 
penses of fortifications and other improvements, though 
he never received it. The article of cession in this 
treaty made no prescription of boundaries, but men- 
tioned by name, as included in the transfer, St. Johns, 
Port Royal, I.a Heve, Ca|)e Sable, and Pentagoet or 



Penobscot, which thus again became Gallic territory. 
The French occupied all the coast from Cape Breton to 
Penobscot, where they had a stockaded fort, as also at 
Port Royal and St. Johns. According to Hutchinson's 
History of Massachusetts, the French remained in pos- 
session of Penobscot until about 1664. 

M. de Bourg is reputed to have been the first French 
(Jovernor of the restored province. M. Densy succeeded 
to the rulership of .'\cadia, under the title of Lieutenant- 
Governor, and remained in the province for thirty years. 
In 1672, he published in Paris a short history of the 
country. M. .Manival was subsequently Governor. 

NORTH V1RGINI.\. 

We now return to the English domination of the 
Penobscot country. Following the discoveries of Captain 
Weymouth, an association of Englishmen was formed, to 
promote European colonization and the introduction of 
Christianity among the savages on the shores of North 
America. To these King James I. gave a patent, April 
10, 1606, as two organizations under one general coun- 
cil, — the former called the London Company, from the 
residence of the corporators, or the First Colony of 
Virginia; the other the Plymouth Company, or Second 
Colony. The territory granted the two 'companies, and 
claimed by the English crown, by virtue of the dis- 
coveries of its subjects, stretched from the thirty-fourth 
to the forty-fifth parallel, or from the latitude of Colum- 
bia, South Carolina, to that of Passamaquoddy Bay and 
Oldtown, in Penobscot county. The whole was known 
by the general name of North and South Virginia ; but the 
lower part of this county, below Oldtown, was included 
in what was commonly known by the separate name of 
North Virginia. The Second or Plymouth colony had 
special jurisdiction here, being permitted to begin a 
plantation anywhere above the thirty-eighth degree, 
while the London Company might colonize anywhere 
below the forty-first parallel, it being provided, however, 
that the second settlement should not be made within 
one hundred miles of that first planted. Each company 
was ruled by a Subordinate Council of thirteen, nomi- 
nated by the crown and resident with the colony; and 
both were under the paramount jurisdiction of a General 
Council of Virginia, also of thirteen and named by the 
king, but resident in England. The colonies were fully 
empowered by the patent to seize and expel intruders, 
and had other important rights and privileges granted. 

Under this charter the settlement at Jamestown, in 
South Virginia, was made in April, 1607 ; and in August 
of the same year, Popham and Gilbert, of the Plymouth 
Company, formed the Sagadahock colony, at "the mouth 
of a fair navigable river" on the coast of Maine, which 
gave the name to the settlement. George Popham, 
brother of the Lord Chief Justice of England and senior 
captain of the voyage, was appointed president of the 
colony; Raleigh Gilbert, nephew of Sir Walter Raleigh, 
admiral; Edward Harlow, master of the militia; Ellis 
Best, marshal; John Scammon, secretary of the colony; 
James Dairs, commander of the fort ; and Gome Carew, 
searcher, whatever that might be. 



58 



HISTORY OF TRNOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The foundation for a great State, apjiarently, was thus 
laid in the wilderness of the Northwest. Little account 
was made of the French claims to the same territory, 
and the courageous, enterprising Englishmen went on to 
develop the land and hold it boldly for king and coun- 
try. In 1613, under the auspices of Madame de Guerche- 
ville, a devoted and enterprising Catholic Frenchwoman, 
who had secured a transfer of De Monts' rights to her, a 
colony and mission was established at St. Saviour, on 
Mount Mansel, now Mount Desert Island. Captain 
Argal, the voyager, on a fishing venture in these waters 
was wrecked in Penobscot Bay, and there heard of the 
French occupation so near that locality, and at once 
advised the Virginian authorities of it.* They i)romptly 
equipped a fleet of eleven fishing vessels with fourteen 
cannon and si.xty men, with Argal in command, and sent 
it to dispossess the French. The latter were taken com- 
pletely by surprise, but made a faint resistance, during 
which one of the Jesuit priests, Du Thet, was killed by a 
musket-ball. The tort was captured, the Catholic cross 
destroyed and another cross put up bearing the title of 
the English king, in token of repossession of the place. 
The fleet then sailed up the coast, destroying the rem- 
nant of De Monts' settlement at St. Croi.x, and reduced 
the fort and hamlet of Port Royal to ashes, after which 
the expedition returned home. England and France 
were at peace; but the former justified resistance to the 
encroachments of the French upon the ground of the 
original discovery by Cabot, the formal possession taken 
by Gilbert, the North and South Virginia patent, and 
the repeated visits of the English and the settlement of 
the country. These claims appear to have been tacitly 
admitted by France, since no resentment was expressed 
at the ex])edition, nor reprisals attempted. A small 
colony of the Frenchmen was permitted to remain at 
Port Royal, with Biencourt, the former commander, still 
at their head. 

NEW ENGLAND. 

After the explorations of Captain Smith along the 
Maine coast, in 1&14, and the [ireparation of his famous 
map and history. Prince Charles, to whom the docu- 
ments were submitted, i)refixed to them the designation 
New England, applying, it is supposed, to the whole 
region between Manhattan, or New York, and Newfound- 
land. Six years afterwards, November 3, 1620, a charter 
was granted by King James to forty knights and gentle- 
men of England, under the title of "The Council estab- 
lished at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for plantin", 
ruling and governing New England in America." A more 
extensive tract was granted them— and that, too, absol- 
utely in fee simple— than either of the preceding com- 
panies, English or French, had received. Its territory 
was defined as between the 40th and 48th degrees of 
northern latitude in breadth— that is, from the parallel 
of Philadelphia to that of the Bay of Chaleurs and Trinity 

*Palairet. in his description of the English and French Possessions 
in North America, asserts that the French at this time had "a fort at 
the mouth of the river Pentagoet or Penobscot, and Argal drove them 
away." Ogilby, author of a Description of the New World, also says 
that the Jesuits had become masters at Port Royal, and begun a fort at 
Pentagoet. Neither statement is believed to be sufficiently supported. 



Bay, Newfoundland, well to the north of the present 
boundary of Maine, — and in length by the saine breadth 
"throughout the mainland from sea to sea" — from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific, which was a mighty stretch of 
empire, regarded in either length or breadth. The privi- 
leges previously granted in the Virginia charter were 
continued in this, except that coinage of money was not 
allowed. No Catholic, also, was to be allowed to settle 
in the colony. Sir Ferdinando Gorges, a great and 
venerable name in the history of Maine, who had become 
President of North Virginia under the former patent, was 
now most prominent in the new Council; and the next 
in influence and authority to him was John Mason, the 
virtual founder of New Hampshire. To Mason was 
made the first territorial grant by the Plymouth Council, 
being the lands between the Merrimac and Naumkeag 
rivers, from their sources to the sea, with all islands 
within three miles of the coast — a tract to which he gave 
the name Mariana. The next grant was obtained by 
Gorges from the Council, in order more effectually to 
exclude the French from the northeastern part of New 
FLngland, to Sir William Alexander, Secretary of State 
for Scotland, under the name of 

NOVA SCOTIA. 

It was intended to designate the country simply as 
New Scotland, in honor of Sir William's native land; but 
the charter was written in Latin, and the name was trans- 
lated accordingly into a form which it retains to this day. 
The limits of the grant (which was confirmed September 
10, 1621, by patent from the king) were from Passama- 
quoddy Bay through the river St. Croix, to the farthest 
source or spring which comes from the west; thence 
north in a direct course overland to the first spring that 
runs into the great river of Canada; thence northward 
unto the river and along the shores of it eastward to 
Claspe; and thence by the coast, exclusive of Newfound- 
land and Cape Breton, around Cape Sable and across 
the Bay of F'undy to the place of beginning, with the 
islands and waters within six miles of the shore. This 
was an unconditional grant in fee simple to Sir William, 
without any provision for civil government in the jiatent. 
The country was erected, says Mr. Williamson, "into a 
royal palatinate, to be holden as a fief of the Scottish 
crown, the proprietary being invested with the royal 
rights and prerogatives of a count-palatine. The two 
rights of soil and government being in this way originally 
separated, were for a long period kept distinct, and some- 
times in different hands. These territories must have 
been considered the king's Scottish dominions; and even 
then it will perplex the wisest civilian to discover the 
justice or propriety of the tenure." 

This remarkable grant has been noted by Governor 
Joshua L. Chamberlain, in his Centennial Address on 
The Place of Maine in History, as the only palatinate 
ever established on the American continent. 

It will be observed that no part of the Penobscot 
county, and but little of any part of Eastern Maine, was 
included in the grant to Sir William Alexander. After- 
wards, however, the name Nova Scotia seems to have 
been applied to much of the country southwestward of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



59 



the St. Croix, as we have already found that in 1656 the 
Lord Protector's charter to Sir Thomas Temple, then 
Governor of the Province, to La Tour, who had held 
office there under the French, and William Crown, 
granted "the territory sometimes called L' Accadia, and 
that part of the country called Nova Scotia, from Merli- 
quash to Penobscot, the river St. George and the Mus- 
congus, situated on the confines of New England." 
This unmistakably included the Penobscot country, and 
we are thus justified in the introduction of Nova Scotia 
as one of the geographical designations and civil juris- 
dictions under which this country once existed. Mr. 
Williamson says, however: 

The phraseology and terms of Cromwell's patent to La Tour, Tem- 
ple, and Crown, have proved to be the grounds or causes of endless 
confusion and severe conflicts. Both Acadia and Nova Scotia are 
mentioned, yet the limits and extent of them, as expressed, have long 
perplexed the ablest statesmen; or, in other words, the language of 
Cromwell's charter has been urged by opponents to show that Nova 
Scotia must have embraced another and greater region than what is 
contained in the charter to Sir William Alexander. 

Under this grant Sir Thomas Temple, the chief pro- 
prietor, in position and influence, at least, was made 
governor. Young La Tour exhibited no title to lands 
southwest of the Passamaquoddy ; and Captain Leverett, 
then commander at Penobscot, received orders from the 
Protector to surrender his powers and deliver the country 
to Temple, who thus obtained personal jurisdiction over 
the whole of Eastern Maine and even to St. George's — 
perhaps, although concerning this there is a doubt, to the 
Muscongus. Before leaving England to assume com- 
mand of his province, Sir Thomas also bought all the La 
Tour rights and titles in Nova Scotia or Acadia, taking a 
regular assignment thereof. He arrived on the coast 
in 1657, and remained Proprietary Governor ten years, 
conducting at the same time a profitable trade with the 
natives and colonists. He was, Mr. Williamson avers, 
"a gentleman of humane and generous disposition, re- 
markably free from the bigotry and religious prejudices 
of the times. To cite an instance of his disinterestedness 
— when the courts of Massachusetts were trying Quaker- 
ism as a capital crime in 1660, he went and told them 
that if they, according to their own declaration, "desired 
the Quakers' lives absent, rather than their deaths pre- 
sent," he would carry and provide for them at his own 
expense. "Yet, and should any of them return," said he, 
"I will again remove them." 

After the Restoration, Sir Thomas was continued in 
office, but as Provincial Governor, and for a time ap- 
pears to have been regarded as the sole proprietor of the 
entire province. His new commission was dated July 17, 
1662, and expressly gave him jurisdiction from the east- 
ern extremity of the great peninsula to "Muscongus, on 
the confines of New England," with the exclusive priv- 
ilege of trading with the natives in his province. But, 
notwithstanding the favor with which he was treated, he 
was soon to lose the entire portion of his domain lying 
within the present limits of Maine, as will be related by 
and by. 

THE \V.\LDO I'.\TEN"T. 

A part of the Penobscot country, in the south of it 
and west of the bay and river, was included in the 



Muscongus or Waldo Patent, granted March 2, 1630, by 
the Plymouth council, to John Beauchamp, of Londoni 
and Thomas Leverett, of Boston, England. The ter- 
ritory conveyed lay between the Penobscot and Muscon- 
gus waters, from the seaboard to an east and west line so 
far north as would include a tract thirty miles square, 
without trespassing upon the Kennebec or other patent. 
This boundary, as since definitely settled, lies upon the 
south line of Dixmont, Hampden, and Newburg town- 
ships, in Penobscot county. As will be seen in our 
sjjecial histories of the townships, some large tracts in 
the southern part of this county were also included in 
the Muscongus Patent, in order to eke out certain de- 
ficiencies in the territory granted, in which Waldo county 
is situated. 

Nearly ninety years after the grant, the celebrated 
Waldos became principally interested in it. From them 
it took the name of the Waldo Patent, and is thus laid 
down upon the map prefixed to Sullivan's History of the 
District of Maine, and other old charts. The grant was 
originally for the purpose of Indian traffic only, and a 
trading-post was maintained by the owners upon St. 
George's river until the outbreak of the first Indian war. 

THE COUNTY OF CANADA. 

In 163s, nearly three years after Charles the First, by 
the Treaty of St. Germains, had surrendered to France 
"all the places occupied by British subjects, in New 
France, Acadia, and Canada," the Plymouth Council 
nevertheless, being then about to dissolve, separated their 
entire patent into twelve royal provinces. The first of 
these, which included the Penobscot region, covered the 
county between the St. Croix and Pemaquid rivers, from 
the head of the latter by the shortest line to the Ken- 
nebec, and from the point of junction upwards to its 
source. This tract, extending north to the forty-eighth 
degree, received the name of the County of Canada. 
It was assigned to Sir William ."Mexander, Earl of Ster- 
ling and grantee of Nova Scotia, which he had now lost 
by the remarkable act of Charles in the convention of 
St. Germains. It was provided that lots should be 
drawn in the presence of the king for each of the royal 
provinces, according to which the assignments were to 
be made. On the ist of April the Council notified his 
Majesty of their action, and prayed him to grant 
patents to the assignees thus ascertained, with the powers 
and privileges which had been granted in Maryland to 
Lord Baltimore. The petition was granted, and new 
patents were given to Lord Sterling, Sir Ferdinando 
Gorges, John Mason, and others. The Plymouth Coun- 
cil surrendered its constitution shortly after, and sub- 
mitted to dissolution. It was succeeded by eleven of 
the King's privy councillors, as Lords Commissioners of 
of all his American Plantations, with Gorges as Gover- 
nor-General of New England. 

Notwithstanding the new patent and the English 
claims, the French, under D'/\ulnay de Charnisy, who 
has already come into our account of Acadia, established 
themselves upon the peninsula on the eastern side of 
Penobscot Bay, at a place now Castine, then called 
Major-biguyduce, a corruption of the Indian name. He, 



6o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



says Williamson, "constructed fortifications, not far from 
a good harbor, which was well sheltered by islands, and 
from which large ships might ascend the river forty 
miles. He considered himself the immediate successor 
of Razilla [late military commander of Acadia, or Nova 
Scotia], and entitled to the paramount government of 
the great peninsula, from Cape Sable to Canseau, espe- 
cially at La Heve, where Razilla died; and Port Royal, 
where D'Auln.iy himself sometimes resided; also at 
Passamacjuoddy, where was the location of Razilla's own 
patent; boldly claiming, moreover, by express commis- 
sion from the latter, the right of command westward to 
Penobscot, and as much farther as the French dominions 
extended." He was expressly directed by the king, how- 
ever, to confine his jurisdiction to the country of the 
Etchemins, which, though somewhat indefinite, it was 
hoped would keep him from infringing upon the territory 
of his rival. La Tour. 

We have before recorded the story of the fruitless at- 
tack of the English vessel Hope, under Captain Girling, 
upon D'Aulnay at Penobscot. He was much disliked 
by the English settlers between that point and the Pis- 
cataqua; and their sympathies, as well as those of the 
authorities at Boston, now the seat of government for 
New England, were generally with La Tour, who was a 
Protestant, while D'Aulnay was a Catholic. Finally, 
with the indirect aid of the English, he fitted up a small 
fleet, with which he i)roceeded against D'Aulnay, who 
had shortly before blockaded his fortress at St. Johns, 
and forced him to flee to Boston. He found DWulnay 
still at the mouth of St. Johns river, attacked his vessels 
vigorously, and compelled him to quit the harbor, flee 
down the coast to Penobscot, and there run his ships 
aground, for the purpose of fortifying his trading-houses 
more promptly and thoroughly. A few miles to the 
northeast he had a mill, with some adjacent buildings; 
and tliere the Massachusetts men had a brisk action with 
the enemy, which resulted in some loss on each side. 
The expedition then returned to Boston, with a vessel 
captured from l)'x\ulnay, laden with valuable furs. 

Soon afterwards, a party of prominent settlers from 
the plantations below the Penobscot, on their way to the 
St. Johns, to collect moneys due from La Tour, were 
forcibly detained for some days by D'Aulnay ; in re- 
venge for which one of them — Wannerton, of New 
Hampshire — presently led a party against the French- 
man's farm-house at Penobscot, captured and fired it, 
and killed D'Aulnay's cattle, but lost his own life in the 
transaction. D'Aulnay was now thoroughly enraged, and 
issued commissions for the seizure of every colony vessel 
found east of the Penobscot. He was soon obliged, 
however, to acknowledge that he had been hasty, and 
sent a commissioner to Boston to negotiate a treaty. 
Several articles were adopted, October 8, 1644, and 
temporary peace established. The next year he violated 
both the treaty and his sovereign's instructions to main- 
tain peace with the English, sailed for La Tour's strong- 
nold at the St. Johns early in the spring, making prize 
New England vessel on the way, and began a 
Dombardment of the fort. This was now defended by 



the wife of La Tour, a lady of great energy and cour- 
age, under whose command so stout a resistance was 
made that D'Aulnay was soon compelled to draw off, 
with twenty of his force killed, thirteen wounded and 
his ship so much disabled as to be in imminent danger 
of going to the bottom. In 1646 another treaty was 
made by D'Aulnay with the authorities at Boston; but 
again, in April of the next year, attacked La Tour's 
fort at St. John's, and was this time successful. His en- 
emy's wife was made a prisoner; the rest of the garrison 
massacred, it is said; and a large amount of plunder, 
probably worth over ^10,000, carried to Penobscot. 
Madame La Tour, borne also to D'Aulnay's capital, died 
there within three weeks, of grief and the shame of de- 
feat and imprisonment. The latter himself ended a 
troubled career in 165 1, and, strange to say, the following 
year the fortunes of the rival houses were united by the 
marriage of La Tour and D'Aulnay's widow. 

Mr. Williamson thus sums up the results of the an- 
tagonism of La Tour and these belligerent Cauls, and of 
the residence of D'Aulnay at Penobscot: 

Twelve years' predatory warfare between two ambitious rivals, the 
subjects of the same crown, produced effects highly injurious to the 
settlements in the Province of Maine, and the plantations farther east- 
ward. Sometimes they committed great wrongs, and even depreda- 
tions ; their menaces frequently excited alarming apprehensions ; free 
trade was interrupted ; and it was always difficult for the people so to 
adjust their conduct by the maxims and rules of prudence as to keep 
themselves out of the quairel. 

The principles of D' Aulnay's great and boasted honor were uniform- 
ly the servants of passion or interest. He furnished the natives 
with fire-arms and amunition, and taught them the great power and 
use of the gun. His priesthood, consisting wholly of firiars, made the 
savages believe that Catholic rites and cereinonies were the essentials 
of religion, and that the dictates of the missionaries were equivalent to 
the precepts of divine authority ; whereas the orthodox Puritans careful- 
ly withheld from the Indians the hunting-gun, so necessary among 
them to obtain the supports of savage life, while their pious missiona- 
ries very honestly instructed them that real religion consisted in regen- 
erating the affections of the heart, in the immaculate purities 
of life, and in the practices and dispositions towards others 
which we would wish them to exhibit towards us. But these were 
refinements which the untutored, unenlightened savages could not 
understand. The usages of retaliation had acquired a kind of sanc- 
tity among them which they believed Nature herself tolerated. Indul- 
gences and superstitious forms, as allowed by the priests, were alto- 
gether more accordant with their notions and habits then the self-deny- 
ing doctrines of restraint and the rigid precepts of reform, as taught 
by the Protestant missionaries. * 

Since this region had been in the occupancy of the French, neither 
the settlements at Penobscot, at Mount Desert, at Machias. at St. 
Croix, nor the place eastward, had flourished. Most of the French 
emigrants were ignorant, poor, and unenterprising ; the government 
was of a despotic military character; and the commanders, as we have 
seen, were perpetually contending. The social regulations were under 
the direction of the ecclesiastics : rights and wrongs were not treated 
nor regarded in a proper manner ; and no man of good sense and in- 
telligence dwells contentedly where life and property are insecure. " 

La Tour had now undivided sway over the County 
of Canada. It was, however, simply a military com- 
mand, without any civil powers or jurisdiction. It was, 
says Williamson, "destitute of every property directly 
promotive of settlement, for arms and civil liberties are 
regulated by different laws." His dominion was regarded 
with much distrust and jealousy by the English, and in 
1653 the General Court of Massachusetts prohibited 
the transportation of supplies either to the French or 
the Dutch, with the latter of whom England was then at 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



6i 



war. A small cargo of flour and other necessaries was 
presently allowed to La Tour, as his good-will and the 
influence of the Catholic missionaries might yet be ser- 
viceable to New England. The end came, however, the 
next year, in the reduction of Nova Scotia, including the 
capture of Penobscot, by Cromwell's ships, as previously 
narrated. The following year, 1655, the whole Acadian 
Province, with the County of Canada within it, was con- 
firmed in English occupancy and sovereignty. La Tour, 
who, shortly before, had apostalized from Protestantism 
and become a Catholic, in consideration of the confirm- 
ation of the province to him by the French Crown — a 
man, says Williamson, "of equivocal character, either 
Catholic or Protestant, as was most concomitant with in- 
terest" — died soon after the capture of his domain, leav- 
ing one son and an immense territorial estate, which was 
made by Stephen D' La Tour, his son, the basis of 
claims upon the English Government that were recogni- 
zed by Cromwell in the grant to him, jointly with Sir 
Thomas Temple and William Crown, Englishmen, of 
"L'Accadia" and the country from Merliquash, or Lun- 
enburg, to the Muscongus. 

THE TERRITORV OF SAG.\D.\HOCK. 

During the thirteen years' occupancy of Acadia, or 
Nova Scotia, by the English, between the conquest 
under Cromwell and the recession to the French by the 
treaty of Breda, the province was mostly under the gov- 
ernorship of Sir Thomas Temple, as has been related in 
our closing paragraphs concerning Nova Scotia. In 
1664, soon after the Restoration, Charles, having revived 
the project of an American empire, with twelve royal 
principalities or provinces, and the county of Canada 
being now extinct, made an extensive grant to his brother 
James, Duke of York and Albany, from whose title New 
York and its capital derive their names. The patent 
conveyed all the Dutch territories upon the Hudson, 
with Long Island, and likewise " all that part of the 
mainland in New England, next adjoining to New Eng- 
land ; thence extending along the seacoast to a place 
called Pemaquid, and up the river thereof to its farthest 
head, as it tendeth northward ; thence at the nearest to 
the river Kennebeck ; and so upwards, by the shortest 
course to the river Canada, northward." This tract not 
only cut a great tract out of the domain of Sir Thomas 
Temple, but also encroached upon the Plymouth terri- 
tories about the headwaters of the Sheepscot and the 
Damariscotta, and included the whole of the Muscongus 
(later Waldo) patent, before mentioned, w^ith a large part 
of the Pemaquid patent and the Brown and Tappan 
right, which had been granted from time to time by the 
Plymouth Council, and the islands along the seaboard 
above Pemaquid, of which some were now inhabited. 
Nevertheless, the sweeping grant seems to have been 
maintained in its integrity for about a quarter of a cen- 
tury, or until the duke ascended the throne as James II., 
when it reverted to the crown. That part of it in the 
Northeast was designated by different names. It was 
popularly known as the Duke of York's Property or 
Province, but by his agents was called New Castle, a 
name also given to the southwestern part of the duke's 



patent on the Delaware, where it is still preserved. They 
further termed it the County of Cornwall. But the fittest 
name for it is that by which it is best known in history — 
the Territory of the Sagadahock. Long afterwards, un- 
der William and Mary's charter of October 7, 1691 — 
the famous " Provincial Charter " — the Province of Sag- 
adahock was constituted between the river of that name 
and the St. Croi.x, as will be more fully related hereafter. 
The Duke of York became viceroy of the king over 
his American possessions. Under him Colonel Richard 
Nichols, after the subjugation by him of the Dutch at 
Manhattan, became Deputy Governor of the Province, 
including the Territory of Sagadahock. A royal com- 
mission was appointed April 15, 1664, consisting of 
Nichols, Sir Robert Carr, who was also a commander in 
the expedition against the Dutch, George Cartwright, and 
Samuel Maverick, " to settle the peace and security of 
the country " — which meant mainly the recognition of 
the Duke's authority and that of the Commission in 
Massachusetts and Maine. After a rather troublous time 
with the General Court at Boston and the exercise of 
much despotic authority in the towns and plantations 
between that place and Eastern Maine, they crossed into 
the Territory of the Sagadahock and opened a court 
September 5, 1865, at the dwelling of John Mason, on 
the east bank of the Sheepscott. Here they summoned 
the inhabitants of the several settlements to present them- 
selves and formally submit themselves to His Majesty's 
Government, within the duke's patent. Only twenty- 
nine persons, whose names are given by Sullivan and Wil- 
liamson, appeared in response to this summons. They 
comprised, the latter thinks, but a minor part of the whole 
number of settlers between the Sagadahock and the Pen- 
obscot, and, we may add, none north or east of the latter 
river. A -chief constable for the county was appointed, 
also three magistrates or justices of the peace, and a re- 
corder. No regular government was instituted, howerer, 
— no legislation, trial by jury, or other element of an en- 
lightened and thorough-going administraiion. Assur- 
ances were given the people that their possessions and 
rights should not be disturbed, although no sufificient 
means were provided for the redress of wrongs, and the 
policy was revived in all conveyances, whether by the 
duke's agents or the planters, of incumbering them with 
quit-rents. A treaty was negotiated with the Indians, 
which contained judicious provisions for the settlement 
of difficulties and the prevention of hostilities between 
them and the whites. In early October the commis- 
sioners went back to York, where their high-handed 
measures, which we need not recapitulate, soon awakened 
the most vivid and widespread indignation. The colon- 
ists in the Northeast were not rid of them altogether 
until the next year, when a new war between France and 
England broke out. At the close of this, by the treaty 
of Breda, Nova Scotia, including the Penobscot country, 
was restored to the French, and passed under the gov- 
ernment of De Bourg, who claimed jurisdiction over the 
whole of the duke's Eastern patent, even as far as the 
Kennebec river. This claim was not admitted by Massa- 
chusetts, however, and a new survey of the north line of 



62 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



the Plymouth patent, made in 1672, carried it three miles 
northward of the previous location, and brought it to 
White Head island, in Penobscot Bay. The next year 
the Dutch recaptured New York, and the Duke of York 
was thus left with a very small jurisdiction within his 
former vast patent. A new county, between the Sagada- 
hock and St. George's rivers, the new north line, and the 
seacoast, was erected by the General Court of Massa- 
chusetts, and called Devonshire, with a full equipment 
of officers. But the succeeding year, 1674, by another 
turn of fortune's wheel, the province of New York was 
restored to the English, and a new patent issued to the 
duke, embracing all the territories described in the pat- 
ent of ten years before. Sir Edmund Andros was ap- 
pointed (Governor of New York and Sagadahock. No 
disturbance was made, however, by either the duke's 
officers or the French, of the new County of Devonshire, 
in which the authority of the General Court remained 
paramount, and the administration of justice went on 
regularly and tranquilly. .-\ project was started at one 
time to alienate to the crown the whole territory between 
the Merrimac and the Penobscot, in order to create of it 
a royal province for the Duke of Monmouth, natural son 
of Charles II. The duke himself was fully bent upon 
this scheme, from which he e.xpected to derive an annual 
income of ^5,000, but it was never consummated. 

In August, 1663, Colonel Thomas Dungan succeeded 
Andros, by appointment of the duke, as Governor of 
New York and Sagadahock. He appointed two com- 
missioners, John Palmer and John West, to manage the 
affairs of the county of Cornwall, who behaved very 
badly, and attempted to exercise jurisdiction as far as to 
the St. Croix. They seized a cargo of wines landed at 
the French port at Penobscot, because duties had not 
been paid at the Pemaquid custom-house, and were guilty 
of many other high-handed acts. Their authority and 
that of Dungan in the Sagadahock country, was suspend- 
ed or nullified by the appointment of Andros in 1789, 
as Governor of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hamp- 
shire, Maine, Plymouth, Pemaquid, and Narragansett (or 
Rhode Island). 

February 16, 1685, the viceroyalty of the Duke of 
York in America was ended by his ascent of the throne 
as Tames II., upon the death of his brother. 'We hear 
Uttle more of his Territory of Sagadahock. The French 
had generally undisputed possession east of the Penob- 
scot, and established one of their forts upon the bay. 
De Bourg was acting Governor; Jesuit missionaries, 
traders, and settlers were at and about Penobscot in 
considerable number, and a profitable trade with the 
natives was carried on, while " the whole coast between 
Penobscot and St. Croix remained untouched by the 
arts of culture and improvement, and almost without 
inhabitants." 

THE COUNTY OF CORNWALL. 

The facts relating to the erection of this county are 
these: Upon the organization of the General Assembly 
of the Province of New York in 1683, and the subdivis- 
ion of the Province into counties, "Pemy Quid and all 
Territories in those Parts, with the Islands adjoining," 



were ordered to constitute the county of Cornw^all, which 
should be entitled to send one member to the Assembly. 
Under this provision Gyles Goddard, of New Dartmouth, 
represented the county for a time. He was also a jus- 
tice of the county and lieutenant of "a foot company" in 
the militia — also afterwards surveyor. It is said that 
there was a re-enactment of the ordinance by the New- 
York Assembly October i, 1691,* although the fort and 
country about Pemaquid w-ere surrendered to Massachu- 
setts by the royal order September 19, 1686. 

THE DUTCH .\T PENOBSCOT. 

In 1674 the Dutch, having concluded a treaty with 
England, but being still at war with France and anxious, 
as they had been for a long time, to share the fishing 
and other advantages of the North American coasts 
with the English and French, sent a vessel to sieze the 
fort at Penobscot. It was captured without much loss, 
but was soon voluntarily relinquished. Again, however, 
in the spring of 1676, a Dutch man-ofwar appeared be- 
fore the fort and compelled its surrender. It was the in- 
tention now to maintain firm possession of the Penob- 
scot country; but, as the fort was held to be within the 
Duke of York's patent, and so in New England, a small 
fleet was dispatched from Boston, which soon forced the 
intruders to abandon the position. The singular part of 
the transaction is that the English themselves did not re- 
main as masters of the situation, but at once after the 
reduction of the place abandoned it. As a consequence 
of these events, however, it is said that Andros was in- 
duced the next year to build a fort a Pemaquid and take 
formal possession of the whole Eastern domain granted 
to his superior, the Duke of York. It is one of the in- 
teresting facts of Penobscot history that the country was 
for a period, though a very short one, virtually under the 
government of the Netherlands. 

THE PROVINCE OF SAGAD.4H0CK. 

William and Mary succeeded to the English throne 
February 16, 1689, upon the abdication of James II. 
The next year Nova Scotia was recaptured for England 
by an expedition under Sir William Phips, a native of the 
Province of Maine, born at Woolwich, upon the Sheeps- 
cot. Out of the southwestern part of it was carved, Oc- 
tober 7, 1 69 1, by the Provincial Charter of William and 
Mary, a tract described by no specific name, but which 
came to be known, probably from the Duke of York's 
Eastern grant, as the Province of Sagadahock. It was 
defined as "between the river Sagadahock [or Kenne- 
beck] and Nova Scotia," extending "northward to the 
river of Canada," and included the second of the Royal 
Provinces of 1635, that between the Sagadahoc and Pe- 
maquid, and the first, or county of Canada, stretching 
thence to the St. Croix. The new province with Massa- 
chusetts, Plymouth, and the Province of Maine unitedly 
form the Royal Province of Massachusetts Bay. Acadia, 
or Nova Scotia, was included in the charter, but exclu- 

* Mr. Williamson (History of Maine, i., 421) avers that the King's 
commissioners for settling (rather unsettling) the affairs of New Eng- 
land, "erected the whole territory into a county, by the name of Corn- 
wall, " upon their coming hither in 1665. We have taken the more cir- 
cumstantial statement from a later and perhaps better authority. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



63 



sive jurisdiction over it was eventually conceded by Mas- 
sachusetts to the crown. "All islands and inlets lying 
within ten leagues directly opposite the mainland with- 
in the said bounds," were embraced in the charter, but 
all English subjects were to have a common right of 
fishery upon the coast or "in any arms of the sea or still- 
water rivers." Sir William Phips was commissioned the 
first Royal Governor. The events in the Penobscot 
country during the terrible Indian war have been related 
in our chapter upon the Indians. In 1693, as prejiara- 
tions for another war were beginning, the fort at Penob- 
scot was temporarily in the posession of the French, with 
the Sieur de Villieu resident commander. It was at this 
])lace, October 14, 1697, that the commissioners from 
Massachusetts met the Indians and arranged prelimina- 
ries of peace. 

In 1697, both France and Massachusetts — the former 
by the Treaty of Ryswick, as included in "Acadia," and 
the latter by its charter — claimed the Sagadahock Prov- 
ince. The next summer the English fishing-vessels were 
warned off the coast and out of the Gulf of Maine. 
No bloodshed resulted, however, until (^ueen Anne's 
war with France, declared May 4, 1702. In the Treaty 
of Utrecht, March 30, 17 13, the dispute was quieted by 
the concession to the English of "all Nova Scotia, or 
Acadia, with its ancient boundaries." From this time the 
fee to the ungranted lands in the Province remained in 
the Crown, while the civil jurisdiction was vested in 
Massachusetts. In 1729, one Colonel David Dunbar 
succeeded in getting the entire Province into his hands, 
by royal proclamation, with instructions to settle, super- 
intend, and govern it, and with scarcely any other condi- 
tion than that he should preserve within it 300,000 acres 
of the best pine and oak-timbered land, for the use of 
the Crown. He made some considerable improvements 
between the Sheepscot and Muscongus rivers, but his ar- 
bitrary conduct soon caused discontent, which resulted 
in his downfall in 1732. He retained his office, how- 
ever, of Lieutenant (Governor of New Hampshire, until 
his leturn to England in 1737. 

In 1737, the white population of Sagadahock, embrac- 
ing Georgetown, Sheepscot, Damariscotta, Townshend, 
Harrington, Walpole, Broad Bay, and St. George's River, 
was estimated at 1500. There were then within the 
present limits of Maine about 7,000 people of civilized 
stock. It will be observed that none of the localities 
named was within the Penobscot valley; and the subse- 
quent history of the Sagadahock Province has little con- 
cern with the purpose of this History. It endured for a 
number of years longer, and then was absorbed into 
other geographical subdivisions. 

"new IRELAND." 

We anticipate the course of history, chronologically re- 
garded, a little in the mention of this, in order to close 
this chapter properly with an account of the erection 
of the Province, and then of the State, of Maine. In 
1780, a proposition was set on foot for the erection of a 
British Province covering the territory between the Pe- 
nobscot and the St. Croix, to be called "New Ireland," 
and to have Bagaduce, now Castine, for its capital. It 



was expected that the loyalists or Tories from the Ameri- 
can colonies, who had already settled along the coast in 
considerable number, would colonize the province. 
Thomas Oliver, a gradut;te of Harvard College and for- 
merly Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, was to be 
its Governor, and the principal officers of the new state 
were nominated. The British Ministry and the King 
gave their approval to the scheme, and an attempt would 
doubtless have been made to carry it into effect, had not 
the Attorney-General delivered the opinion that the char- 
tered rights of Massachusetts Bay did not end at the Pe- 
nobscot, as held by the ministry, but extended to the 
St. Croix, and would be infringed by the establishment 
of "New Ireland." With this decision the project re- 
ceived its quietus. 

MAINE. 

The charter granted by Charles the First to Sir Fer- 
inando (lOrges, dated .April 3, 1639, erected the province 
or county of Mayne. Some of the writers affirm that it 
took its name from the province of Meyne, in France, 
said to have been owned by the queen, Henrietta Maria; 
but it has been demonstrably shown that this was no part 
of her estate, and it is equally well settled that the an- 
cient name for the mainland, as distinguished from the 
islands off the shore, was taken for the new province. 
It did not comprehend the whole of the present State of 
Maine, nor any part of the Penobscot country. Its 
boundaries, beginning at the mouth of the Piscataqua, 
ran up that river and through Newichawannock and 
Fall River northeastwardly one hundred and twenty 
miles; from Piscataqua harbor along the coast to the 
Sagadahoc; up that river and the Kennebec one hund- 
red and twenty miles; and thence overland to the north 
end of the line first defined. The charter included also 
the islands and inlets within five leagues of the shore 
between the Piscataqua and the Sagadahoc, the north 
half of the Isles of Shoals, and the islands Capawock 
and Nantican (supposed to be Martha's Vineyard and 
Nantucket) near Cape Cod. Gorges, with his heirs and 
assignees, were created absolute Lords Proprietors of 
the [)rovince, reserving only to the crown su]jreme do- 
minion, faith, and allegiance, and the right to exact a 
yearly tribute of a quarter of wheat and one-fifth of 
the avails of pearl fisheries and from gold or silver mines 
— the revenue from which sources at that time must 
have been small indeed. Thomas Gorges was appointed 
deputy-governor; and Messrs. Richard Vines and Rich- 
ard Bonythan, of Saco; Henry Joscelyn, of Black 
Point; Francis Chamfernon and Edward Godfrey, of 
Piscataqua, afterwards Kitlery; and William Hook, of 
Agamenticus, were made councillors of the province. 

It is not at all the purpose of this History to follow 
the existence of the Province of Maine through its 
troubled years. So much of its beginning has been in- 
troduced here, in order to preface appropriately the story 
of that great subdivision of New England, bearing the 
same name in part, which came finally to include the 
Penobscot region. 

The Province of Maine (formally purchased by Mas- 
sachusetts from Sir Ferdinando Gorges in 1677, for 



64 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



^^1,250,) with its ancient boundaries, but separated into 
the three counties of York, Cumberland and Lincoln, 
endured until about half the period of the Revolution 
war was spent, when the "District of Maine" was erected 
by act of Congress. The immediate occasion for the 
change resided in the appellate jurisdiction over all mari- 
time causes, which the State of Massachusetts had con- 
ceded to Congress, or the tribunals that might be created 
by it, and had authorized an appeal from the State courts 
in any case where the subject of a foreign power at 
peace with the United States claimed a captured or lib- 
elled vessel or cargo. The right of appeal could be 
waived, however, and final trial had in the Superior 
Court of Massachusetts. Congress accordingly, in 1778, 
divided the State, for judicial purposes, into three dis- 
tricts — the southern, middle and northern, whereof the 
last constituted the District of Maine. Timothy Lang- 
don, Esq., of Wiscasset, named by Mr. Williamson as "a 
lawyer of considerable eminence," was ajjpointed judge 
of the district ; and Mr. Nathaniel Thwing, of Wool- 
wich, clerk. 

Twelve years afterwards, when the census of 1790 ex- 
hibited a population in Maine of 96,530, Maine was 
"for many purposes," to quote Williamson's phrase, "re- 
cognized by Federal authority as a district, and as if it 
were a separate State." It was, says the historian, "more 
expressly formed into a district, and jurisdiction assumed 
over all its affairs belonging to the National Government. 
Such, among many, were lighthouses — the single one in 
Maine, at Portland Head, and the appurtenant lands, be- 
ing ceded to the United States. All the coasts and ports 
in Maine were classed into nine commercial districts, in 
each of which there were appointed a collector and other 
custom-house officers." 

The collector appointed for the Penobscot district was 
John Lee; for Frenchman's Bay, Melatiah Jordan. A 
new District Court was created, with David Sewall judge; 
William Lithgow, jr., of Hallowell, United States attor- 
ney; Henry Dearborn, of Pittston, marshal; and Henry 
Sewall, clerk. 

Full jurisdiction over uhe District of Maine, except in 
the matters delegated to the General Government, was 
maintained by the commonwealth of Massachusetts, until 
the State of Maine was formed, the latest-born of all 
States of the Union upon the Atlantic seaboard, save 
Florida. Agitation for the separation of Maine from 
Massachusetts began almost at once upon the close of 
the Revolutionary war. Mr. Williamson says: 

The want of a distinct government had been often felt during the 
late war, and was still recollected. As the State debt was large, there 
must be heavy ta.fes through a series of years, which most men would 
like to avoid. .Vn excessive thirst for superfluities was draining the 
country of money, while thousands were poor and perplexed with 
debts. These, and such as had everything to gain and nothing to lose, 
were inclined to try an experiment. There were, however, advocates 
of the measure among all classes— men of probity, wealth, and intelli- 
gence, who believed a separate administration would be of essential 
benefit to every portion and interest of the community. Some of the 
greatest opponents were men in office, and all of them could present 
plausible and correct pleas that the generous favors and provident care 
which the people of Maine had at all times received from the State Gov- 
ernment ought to silence complaint, and that Ijy a separation at the 
present juncture, the vigor and force indispensable to the protection 



and security of the district would be essentially weakened, if not alto- 
gether paralyzed. 

It is an incident of special interest that the first news- 
[japer published in the State — the Falmouth Gazette, 
started January i, 1785 — was established to concentrate 
and promote the expression of public opinion in behalf 
of separation. A preliminary convention was held at 
Falmouth, October 5th, of the same year, at which an 
address to the people of the district was voted, and a 
call issued for a delegate convention, to meet January 4, 
1786, to consider further the question of separation. 

We need not follow the agitation and discussion 
through the next third of a century. The fullness of 
time for the rising Commonwealth of the Northeast ar- 
rived in 1819. The Democratic newspajjers and poli- 
ticians now generally advocated separation; the Federalists 
as generally opposed it. Nevertheless towns in the dis- 
trict petitioned the General Court, in May, for separation. 
A law was a|jproved June 19th, submitting to the voters 
of Maine the cjuestion: "Is it expedient that the Dis- 
trict shall become a separate and independent State upon 
the terms and conditions provided in 'an Act relating to 
the separation of the District of Maine from Massachus- 
etts proper, and forming the same into a separate and 
independent State'?" On the fourth Monday of July 
the people responded "yes" by a vote of 17,091 to 
7,132. October nth, a convention assembled in Port- 
land, and proceeded with the preparation of a constitution 
for the new State. It was approved by popular vote in 
town meetings on the first Monday in December, and 
application was promptly made to Congress for admission 
into the Federal Union. Many weeks of delay were 
caused by the agitation in that body concerning the ex- 
tension of slavery, arising from the contemporaneous 
appeal of Missouri for admission, which resulted in the 
famous Missouri compromise. All obstacles were cleared 
by the 3d of March, 1820, when the act for the admis- 
sion of Maine was passed, and on the 15th of that month 
and year she became a sovereign State. 

The intelligence was received in Bangor with great 
satisfaction and general gratulation. On the day when 
separation became finally an accomplished fact, a salute 
of three guns was fired at daylight, another of thirteen at 
sunrise, and eleven more at noon. 

We reserve for another chapter some account of the 
county organizations affecting the Penobscot country. 



ttiSTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 



GOVERNOR PLAISTED. 

General Harris M. Plaisted, of Bangor, Governor of 
the State, was born in leffcrson, New Hampshire, No- 
vember 2, tSzS, son of Deacon WilHam and Nancy 
(Merrill) Plaisted. His parents possessed little of this 
world's Roods beyond the resources of a rocky farm with- 
in the shadow of the \\'hite Mountains, but to their chil- 
dren they left a rich inheritance in their exemplary lives 
of industry unremitting, and of piety most pure and sin- 
cere. For nearly forty years they were members and pil- 
lars of the Baptist Church in Jefferson. The father died 
in 1854, and the mother two years later. Noticing his 
death the local paper (Coos Democrat) said of him: 

He was a good man, and true in all his relations of life; a good 
husband and father; a good citizen and an honest man. Scarcely have 
we ever known one whose character was 50 positive, and whose life 
was so earnest, so universally respected and beloved by all who knew 
hitn. We never heard a word spoken, we never heard of a word 
spoken, to his dispraise— not even one of those little qualifying words, 
" but" or "if," so often used to cloud commendations that can but be 
rendered. 

General Plaisted was one of a family of nine children, 
six sons and three daughters — three of whom, besides 
himself, made their homes in Maine — Hon. William 
Plaisted, of Lincoln, who has been a member of the State 
Senate from this county; Dr. Plaisted, late of Farming- 
ton, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- 
phia, and surgeon of a Maine regiment during the war ; 
Mrs! Church, deceased wife of Cyrus P. Church, Esq., of 
Bradford. One son, Charles, is now living in Lancaster, 
New Hampshire, who has represented his town in the 
New Hampshire Legislature. 

General Plaisted comes of good le.?al as well as fight 
ing stock. His giandfather, the Hon. Samuel Plaisted, 
was for several years Judge of the New Hampshire Court 
of Common Pleas, and a native of Berwick, in this State; 
was descended from Colonel John Plaisted, of Ports- 
mouth, who was a member of the New Hampshire As- 
sembly from 1693 to 1727; Speaker in 1697, 1717, and 
1727; a member of the Royal Council from 1702 to 
1716; a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1699 to 1719, 
and Chief Justice in 1716-19. The father of Colonel 
John was Captan Roger Plaisted, a distinguished officer 
in the Indian wars that make so dark a chapter in the 
early history of New England. Roger came to Berwick 
about 1650, and was killed in battle with the Indians 
October 17, 1675. The savages, about one hundred and 
fifty, made an attack on the settlement, and were stoutly 
resisted by Captain Plaisted in command of the two up- 
per garrisons. At the first alarm he sent a messenger to 
Major Waldron, at Dover, New Hampshire, importunate- 
ly beseeching aid; "for," said he, "we are all in great 
danger of being slain unless our God doth wonderfully 
appear for us," and, in the true spirit of the age, added : 
"They that cannot fight let them pray." No assistance 
came to him, but in the fight the next day his desperate 
resistance saved the settlement, though at terrible cost. 



" Being greatly over matched," says the historian, "some 
of his men sought safety in flight, but he, disdaining to 
fly or yield, though urged again and again to surrender, 
fought with desperate courage until literally hewed down 
by the enemy's hatchets. Two of his sons, unwilling to 
leave the intrepid man, sought their retreat too late and 
were slain. Such bemg the fate of this Spartan family, 
whose intrepidity deserves a monument more durable 
than marble. The father had represented Kittery four 
years in the General Court, and was highly respected for 
his uncommon valor, worth, and piety. He and his sons 
were buried on his own land near the battle-ground, full 
in view from the highway leading through Berwick; 
whose lettered tombstone tells succeeding ages: 'Near 
this place lies buried the body of Roger Plaisted, who 
was killed by the Indians October 17, 1675; ^g^^ forty- 
eight years.' " * 

Among the descendants of the brave old Indian fighter 
are Governor Goodwin, of New Hampshire, and Gov- 
ernor Fairfield, of this State, also Judge Peters, of the 
Supreme Court of Maine. 

General Plaisted is the eighth in descent from Roger 
Plaisted. Until the age of seventeen he remained at 
home in New Hampshire, working on his father's farm 
and attending the district school. During the next three 
years, spring and fall he attended the academy at Lan- 
caster, St. Johnsbury, or at New Hampton, paying his 
way by " doing chores " for his board, and " ringing 
the bell " for his tuition ; teaching school winters and 
working on the farm summers. 

In 1S49 he entered college at Waterville, Maine, (Colby 
university) where he graduated in 1853. During his col- 
lege course he taught the village school in Waterville 
three winters, and was principal of the Waterville Liberal 
institute three terms. He was also superintendent of 
schools, elected by the town, for three years. 

In 1855 he graduated from the law school of the Uni- 
versity of .'\lbany with the highest honors of the institu- 
tion, winning the first prize, the gold medal, for the best 
essay on equity jurisprudence. After pursuing his studies 
one year in the office of Hon. A. W. Paine, of Bangor, 
he was admitted to the Bar in 1856, and in October, the 
same year, opened an ofifice in that city, where he has 
since made his home. He was for three years — 1857-60 
— a member of the staff of Governor Lot M. Morrill. 
His first vote was cast for Hon. A. P. Morrill, Temper- 
ance candidate for Governor in 1853. 

In 1861 he entered the army as lieutenant-colonel of 
the Eleventh Maine infantry, and was soon after pro- 
moted to colonel. He entered active service in March, 
1862, and commanded his regiment through the Penin- 
sular campaign of General McClellan, participating in 
most of the great battles of that memorable campaign 
from the Siege of Yorktown to Malvern Hill. He 
commanded a brigade in the Siege of Charleston under 
General Gillmore in 1863. In April, 1864, he was trans- 
ferred, with his brigade, to Virginia, and commanded 
his brigade in General Grant's great campaign against Rich, 
mond in 1864-65, which resulted in the overthrow of the 

* Williamson's Historv of Maine. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Confederacy. During this campaign his command was 
engaged with the enemy and liad men killed and wound- 
ed on fifty-nine different days — losing in the aggregate 
one thousand three hundred and eighty-five out of two 
thousand six hundred and ninety eight, and his command 
never moved to the front without him while he was in the 
service. He was twice promoted by the President "for 
g:;llant and meritorious conduct in the field," to brigadier- 
general, and major-general by brevet. 

Durmg the war he was at home — once on sick leave, 
and recruited over three hundred men — once for the 
purpose of filling up his regiment, which had been more 
than decimated in battle, and recruited three full com- 
panies. Directly and indirectly, he succeeded in keep- 
ing his regiment full and in the service to the close of the 
war. The recruiting fees allowed him, as well as any one 
who recruited for the army, amounted to over eighteen 
hundred dollars — all of which he turned over to his sol- 
diers. For this generous and patriotic act he received, 
in the spring of 1864, through the Portland Press, the 
felicitations of Mayor McLellan. 

On taking leave of his old brigade General Plaisted 
made to it the following farewell address, full of sensi- 
bility and pathos, such as can animate only the citizen 
soldier "whose bayonet thinks" — from every line of which 
shines out the spirit of the true soldier and patriot: 

To the officers and soldiers of the Third brigade— Eleventh Maine, 
Tenth Connecticut, Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, One Hundredth 
New York, Two Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania. 

At last, soldiers, it becomes my duty to say farewell ! That word 
may sometimes be spoken and not carry with it the heart's regret, but 
not by him who has, for years, shared tlie pleasant companionship of 
soldiers. 

Th.it companionship with you I have shared in a campaign which 
will be celebrated even in the' world's history, celebrated for the brave 
deeds and manly virtues of a patriot army contending for government, 
freedom and empire; yes, soldiers, with you 1 I will not rehearse your 
historv in that campaign. Suffice it to say. the record shows you en- 
gaged your country's loes and had killed and wounded some of your 
number on hlty-nine different days! that your losses in the aggieg.ate 
were one thousand three hundred and eighty-tive out of two thousand 
six hundred and ninety-eight. Your name and fame are as familier as 
household words in the camps of this army corps and among your fel- 
low-citizens at home. Your iron will and hrmness have won lor your- 
selves the proud title of "The Iron Clads." That cowardly cry, "weare 
n, inked," has never been heard in yourr.inks. When other troops have 
given way on your right or your left you have shown to your enemy 
that >ou'had no ilani<s, no'iear; that the Third brigade was all front, 
and that, too, of steel. How well that front has been maintained the 
long list of vour casualties sadly but gloriously attest. Your brave 
deeds will be remembered in your country's history and be the proud 
boast of your descendants. 

When reviewed by the Lieutenant General and the Secretary of 'War, 
not long since, your soldierly bearing won from those high officials the 
stiongest expre'ision of their approbation and delight. What would 
they nave thought had they seen >ou imght! 

Be proud of your record, veterans; you have a right to be. 

The respect and confidence of such troops after such service is honor 
enough. It is sufficient reward for the best efforts, the best endeavors 
of a lifetime. I am indebted to you, comrades. Your conduct has 
afforded me the keenest pleasure of my life, and while life shall last 
memory will constanUy recur to the conduct of the "Iron Brigade" 
with as much pride and gratitude as the heart is capable of. 

May the day come <|uickly when you can return to your homes to re- 
sume your peaceful iJuisuits' and to receive the honois which belong 
to our country's defenders. Then will you in your civil life vindicate 
the high character of the army by aiding to restore and preseivc the pub- 
lic nior.ils, and by proving to your lellow-citizens that in learning to be- 
come good soldiers you have 'become the best of citizens. 

In conclusion, 1 desire to repeat for your encouragement the language 
of Washington to his brave troops, who had won for us the cause we 
are now contending to niainlain: "Let me remind you," said he, "you, 
the private soldiers, of the dignified part you have performed in the 
great struggle. For hnppy — thrice happy — will he be accounted here- 
after, who has contributed, though in the least degree, to the establish- 
ment ol this gigantic Republic on the broad basis of human freedom 
and empire." Immorial honors will belong to you as mivkwcj of the 
Republic, no less than to our fathers as founders of it. Karewell! 

To the Eleventh Maine, my old companions, farewell ! 

H. M. Pl.msted. 



The military career of General Plaisted from the com- 
mencement of the war in iS6i, when as a private citizen 
he raised a company of volunteers and took the field in 
the cause of his country, to the victorious close of the 
great struggle in 1865, when, as l^revet Major General of 
volunteers, he returned to his home in Bangor, forms 
one of the brightest pages in the history of Maine troops, 
and links that history with the most brilliant achieve- 
ments of the Union army. It is fitting that, to a record 
so brightly told, we add the expressed recognition of his 
merits by his superior officers and conirades in arms. 

During the Peninsular campaign in 1862, he served 
under General Naglee. The latter having been promot:d 
to the command of a division, was desirous that Colonel 
Plaisted should cotiimand his (Naglee's) old brigade, 
and wrote to the Vice President, Mr. Hamlin, as follows: 

At my instigation our mutual friend. Colonel Harris M. Plaisted, is 
an applicant for promotion that he may command my old brigade. I 
can assure you it cannot fall into better hands. He has been well tried 
on the Chickahominy, at I-'air Oaks, While Oak Swamp, and other 
battlefields of the Peninsula, and snstained himself and regiment in 
such a manner that his State will refer to the history of the war and the 
conduct of the Eleventh Maine with pride and extreme satisfaction. 
Let me ask of you as an especial fa\'or, that you will use your influence 
with the President and secure the "star" lor Colonel Plaisted. 

In 1863 General Plaisted commanded a brigade under 
General Gilmore in the siege of Charleston, and was 
warmly recommended for promotion. 

In October, 1864, he was again reconimended for pro- 
motion by Major Generals Terry, Ames, and Foster, his 
corps and division commanders. Major General Terry, 
the hero of Fort Fisher, wTOte as follows: 

Colonel Plaisted is a brave, patriotic, and loyal man, and h:ts faith- 
fully served the country since eaily in the war. Mis regiment is not 
only one of the best in the Tenth Army Corps, but one of the best 
which I have ever seen. 

He is more than ordinarily attentive and zealous in the performance 
of his duty, and equally careful for the comfort and welfare of his 
men. In the battle of the 7th instant (New Miirket Road) he handled 
his brig.ide with marked skill and ability, and it was as much due to 
his eftorts as to the efforts of any one else that our flank was not turned 
and the battle not lost. 

General Foster wrote: 

The discipline of his brigade (the Third of the First Division) is of 
the highest order, and its lighting qualities unsurpassed by any in this 
army. Colonel Plaisted having commanded it since its organization 
at Hilton Head, is, in my judgment, entitled to the greater share of 
the credit for the remarkable efficiency which it has attained. Colonel 
Plaisted is an officer of unbounded zeal and energy, and his loyalty 
and patriotism knows no bounds. 

General Ames (from Maine) wrote: 

The credit for the excellence of his regiment undoubtedly falls to 
him. I have been connected with this corps for months, ami it is my 
opinion, as well,as that of the officers of the higher gr.ades in the corps, 
that the Eleventh Maine Volunteers is far superior to any Maine regiment 
in the .Army of the James, in fact that it is unsurpassed by any regiment 
from other States. '1 he conduct of the Eleventh Maine in every battle 
it has participated in has called forth the highest praise from all, and I 
must acknowledge it causes me the strongest feelings of State pride in 
Maine troops. 

The following tribute from the officers of One of the 
regiments of his brigade was forwarded to General 
Plaisted after his return home: 

At a meeting held the 30th day of May, t865, by the commissioned 
officers of the Tenth Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, at camp near 
Richmond, Virginia, Colonel E. S. Greely being president, and Lieu- 
tenant J. W. Hawxhurst secretary. Captain F. G. Hickerson, Captain 
James H. Linsley, and Chaplain H. Clay Trumbull were appointed a 
committee to draft resolutions expressing the feelings of the officers of 
this regiment towards General Plaisted, their late late brigade com- 
mander. The following piearnble and resolutions having been reported 
by said committee, were unanimously adopted: 

" WHIiREAS, General H. M. Plaisted, our brigadecommanderduring 
long and arduous campaigns, has been forced, in consequence of fail- 
ing health, to lea\e the military service he loved and adorned, and has 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



now retired to private and civil life, that be may ha\'e formal assurance 
of what, from his long association with us, he must fully understand 
are the true and hearty personal sentiments and opinions of the officers 
of (he Tenth Connecticut — 

"Resolved, That while our commander. General Plaisted, had our 
sincere esteem for his genial social qualities .ind his ever kindly and 
courteous personal bearing, our respect for his high integrity and 
marked attainments in scholarship and military science, and our con- 
fidence in his brave and experienced soldierly lead, he merited our es- 
pecial admiration for his moral courage, in choosing, on more occasions 
than one, to risk his own advancement rather than to risk in foolhardy 
assaults the lives of the brave men he commanded, while his presence 
with them when they were most exposed showed that he never held 
them back from unwillingness to share all dangers to which they were 
properly called of duty. 

"That the unvarying and remarkable successes of his command are 
the best evidences of General Plaisted's faithfulness and ability as a 
soldier, and that no higher tribute of praise can be paid to his skill and 
bravery than that he was a worthy commander of tiie 'Iron Brigade.' 
That until the memory of the events in which we bore a part with him and 
under him have passed from our minds, we shall ever cherish pleasing 
recollections of General Plaisted as an able commander, a gallant 
soldier, and an estimable Christian gentleman. 

"Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be transmitted by our 
president and secretary to General Plaisted, with assurance of our in- 
dividual respect and regard. 

" E. S. Greely, President, 
Colonel Tenth Connecticut Volunteers. 

"Lieutenant [. W. HAW.Xll'JR.ST, Secretary." 

That Getieral Phisted possesses the highest moral as 
well as physical courage is evidenced by the tollowing 
order issued by him prohibiiing "whiskey rations" to the 
officers under his command: 

Hereafter requisitions for whiskey — the one gallon per month — by 
commissioned ofticers of this brigade will not be approved at these 
headquarters. 

The colonel commanding tiie brigade believes that a scheine could 
not be devised better calculated to ruin the young men holding commis- 
sions in our army and to impair the discipline of the service than this 
"one gallon a month " whiskey allowance; for such an habitual use of 
into.^icating diink cannot fail to engender habits which, if not in the 
service, must in after years prove ruinous to those who indulge in it. 

But this gallon of whiskey — this jug of rum a month — is degrading 
to the high character of an officer in the United States army, both in 
his own estimation and in the estimation of his men. It destroys t!ie 
respect which is due him as an officer and gentleman, and thus saps the 
very foundation of military discipline. 

Whiskey, as a beverage, it must be admitted, is a useless indulgence 
at the best, and one which the officer must deny to liis men. The Col- 
onel commanding is free to say that no officer possesses the true spirit 
of a soldier who is not willing to practice that self-denial which it is his 
duty to enforce upon the men of his command. It is believed by him 
that the officers of his command have a proper appreciation of them- 
selves and of the service, and, therefore, will readily discountenance a 
practice which tends to the greatest evils, and which can be only a use- 
less indulgence. 

In May, 1865, after leaving the service, General Plais- 
ted returned to Bangor to resume the practice of his pro- 
fession, worn down by fever and ague from the effects of 
which he has never fully recovered. 

In 1867 he was elected Representative from Hangor 
to the State Legislature, and re-elected in i868." He 
was delegate, from the State at large, to the Republican 
National Convention at Chicago in 1868, wliich nomi- 
nated General Grant for the presidency. He was elected 
Attorney General of the State by the Legislature in 1873 
after a severe contest, and re-elected in 1874 and 1875. 
It fell to his lot as Attorney General to conduct, in be- 
halt of the State, during his three years of office, four- 
teen capital cases, among which were the celebrated trials 
of Wagner, Gordon, Lowell, Reed, Benner, Robbins, 



the "Annie B." murderer, and Carson, twenty-two days 
on tiiil. 

So carefully and skilfully were these cases prepared and 
managed no verdict was set aside by the full bench on law. 
Some of these cases called for advocacy of the highest 
order. He was always equal to the occasion. The cele- 
brated Wagner case was the first which called forth all 
his powers. This lifted him in reputation as advocate to 
a high rank in his profession. In a column of editorial 
comments the Boston Daily .Advertiser, of June 20, 
1873, characterized his argument in this case as a 
"model for such speeches," and as a " piece of masterly 
rhetoric." 

He was a member of the LXIVih Congress from the 
Fourth District, serving on the Committee of Public Build- 
ings and E.xpenditures of the Treasury Department. He 
was also member of special committees on ventilation of 
the Representative Hall, and Proctor Knott's committee 
to investigate the " Whiskey Frauds," so-called. For the 
whole of the long session, up to the middle of August, 
1876, General Plaisted was taken from the floor of the 
House by the labors of these committees. He also 
served for several weeks a member of the sub-committee 
appointed from the Committee on the Treasury Expendi- 
tures. General Plaisted was not a candidate for a second 
term, on account of a vote of the convention of 1875, 
which gave the succession to Aroostook county. 

Immediately on his return from Washington General 
Plaisted resumed work in his office. In 1877 he en- 
gaged with F. H. Appicton, Esq., m the preparation of 
"Plaisted and Appleton's Digest," a digest of the sixty- 
eight volumes of the Maine Reports— a work of four- 
teen hundred pages, which was coinpleted the day he 
was nominated for Governor. He had previously pub- 
lished two other works, "The Lowell Trial," and "The 
Wagner Trial." He has also jjrepared for future pub- 
lication the history of the Plaisted family. 

June T, 1 880, General Plaisted received the unanimous 
nomination for Governor of two conventions — the Green- 
back convention of one thousand five hundred and fifty 
delegates, and the Democratic convention of seven hun- 
dred and fifty delegates. He was elected in September 
following, after the most hotly contested election per- 
haps ever known in the State, receiving 73,770 votes to 
73.554 cast for Hon. Daniel F. Davis. January 13, 188 r, 
he was inaugurated Governor of the State for two years. 
The Legislature elected at the same time is Republican. 
Among the public acts of Governor Plaisted, which ex- 
cited general discussion, were his inaugural address, his 
vetoes of thirty-one bills for the re-charter of State banks 
of issue, and his veto of the bill to apportion the State 
for Senators and Representatives. 

Governor Plaisted cast his last vote for the Republican 
ticket in 1878. He had previously taken his stand pub- 
licly in favor of Government currency as against bank 
currency. He is opposed to all banks of issue and in 
favor of Government issues to constitute, with gold and 
silver, the entire circulating medium of the country. The 
following extract from his inaugural address to the Legis- 
lature presents the issues upon which he was elected: 



History of pEKOBscot county, Maine. 



Debt, public and private ; debt and taxation are slowly but surely 
undermining our free institutions. Government bonds not only escape 
taxation themselves, but they furnish a cover for all other kinds of evi- 
dences of debt that are tax.ible. This double iniquity must l>e borne so 
long as United States bonds are endured. It would seem that the prop- 
osition to refund the seven or eight hundred millions of United States 
bonds now maturing, could meet with but liitle favor by the mass of 
the people in this State; that their interests demanded that these bonds 
should be paid, not refunded to remain a burden for a generation at 
least, and perhaps for generations. Then that other proposition be- 
fore the American Congress, to retire and destroy the 346,000,000 legal 
tender notes, — burn them, so that out ot their ashes may arise a like 
amount of interest-bearing bonds to further tax the labor and industry 
of the country ! V\'ould it not be more in accordance with the interest 
of the toiling masses in this country, to require the National banks to 
retire their cuirency, some over three hundred millions, and replace it 
with United Slates legal tenders, and thereby pay off a like amount of 
United States bonds, burn them up and thus relieve the people of so 
much burden of interest, and above all, from the baneful influence of 
these bonds upon the currency and business of the country ? 

The Treasurer of the United States in his last report says: "In- 
stead of the volume of the circulation being regulated by the business 
needs of the country, it is governed by the price of United States 
bonds !" The power that controls the volume of the people's money is 
certain to control the people's destinies. 

This cjueslion of the currency is one about which honest men may 
honestly differ. It is an important question. Its decision will be of 
far reaching consequence. If the bank currency win the wole field of 
circulation, then we shall have a never ending national debt, mam- 
tained by the banks as the basis of their existence; yes, fostered by 
them as ''a national blessing" — to the banks, ever increasing in num- 
ber and power as the country increases in wealth and population, and 
certain to become, if not so already, a poluical machine, hostile to free 
government, mingling in the elections and legislation of the counir\-, 
corrupting the press and exerting its influence in the only way known 
to the money power — by corruption. 

But it is claimed that this bond policy is demanded in the interest of 
idle capit.al; that it is necessary to furnish "an opportunity for the snfe 
investment of idle capital." These safe investments for idle capital 
are destructive, not only of the industries, but of the morals of the 
people. As they render the trade of the money lender the most profit- 
able business, they tend to create a race of idlers, misers, and cowards 
who will never take any chances with labor in the productive industries 
while this opportunity lor safe investment and exemption from tax- 
ation is open to them. They take no risks. The Vanderbilts, with 
tens of millions of United States bonds, spending the interest in Eu- 
rope, and the tens of thousands of lesser bondholders, who produce 
nothing and do nothing except clip coupons, what are they to this 
country and its industries but a class of gilded paupers supported by 
the labor of the country? 

We have in this country five thousand persons who own and possess 
five millions of property, mostly accumulated within the last fifteen 
years, and that, too, through unequal laws. Twenty years ago a mil- 
lionaire in this country was as rare as a prince, and so was a tramp. 

According to Poor's Manual on Railroads, the number of miles of 
railroads in operation in this country increased from 9,000 in 1851 to 
86,500 miles in 1879; and the gross earnings from $36,000,000 in 1851 
to $529,000,000 in 1879. These facts serve to illustrate the most start- 
ling development of the age — the development of corporate power. 

The presidents of the great trunk lines in this country control prop- 
erty, three of them, valued at $1,818,000,000: and three others prop- 
erty valued at $943,000,000. 

These great trunk lines have been in the habit of combining, and 
raising and lowering rates,^not according to business principles, but ac- 
cording to their selfish interests. It is notorious that the change of these 
rates in a single week recently added $5,000,000 per week to the burdens 
of the people, and put many times that amount into the hands of 
Eastern holders of grain, some of whom were railroad directors. 

How, then, can any reflecting mind, any patriot, contemplate with- 
out anxious concern, the tendency of the legislation of this country to 
create such rapid accumulation of property in the hands of the few at 
the expense of the many ? 

"The freest government," says Webster, "cannot long endure. 
where the tendency of the law is to create a rapid accumulation of 
property in a few hands, and to render the masses of the people 
poor and dependent." 



Universal sufl'rage and great landed estates cannot long exist together, 
for eitlier the owners of the estates must restrict the right of suffrage, 
or that right of suffrage will in the end divide their estates. 

Is it not time we paused in our career, and reviewed our principles ? 

Our institutions were founded upon equality, or rather, grew out of 
equality — that condition of comparative equality as to property that 
characterized the early settlers of New England. They brought with 
them no great capital, and, fortunately for humanity, there was noth- 
ing here productive, to tempt investments. If one miUionaire had 
come over in the Mayflower, he would have blasted the prospects of a 
continent; for ours, then, would have been a government not to pro- 
tect labor but capital. Capital would have shaped it. Our ancestors 
came here all upon an equality as to property, or rather as to poverty. 
But the lands were all open and free to them. They entered into 
possession and established the town system, the hundred acre lot sys- 
tem, the district school system, and upon this foundation they builded 
their free and Christian Rej>ublic. All were tillers of the soil, farmers 
—not tenant farmers, but freeholders, having absolute dominion over 
their acres, recognizing no man as lord or master, no power between 
them and the God ihey worshipped. They were lords and sovereigns 
themselves, and if we are a nation of sovereigns to-day it is only so 
far as we are a nation of freeholders. When these sovereigns got to- 
gether to form a government what kind of a government could they 
form ? Only that under which all were equals, all were sovereigns. 
They could not have formed any other if they had tried. It was this 
necessary act of parceling out the land into small freeholds, "that 
fixed the future frame and form of their government." 

Our New England ancestors not only began their system of govern- 
ment under a condition of comparative equality as to property, but all 
their laws were of a nature to favor and perpetuate that equality. This 
is undoubtedly the true principle of legislation. .Any system of legisla- 
tion, therefore, that tends to destroy this happy equality, wipe out the 
small free-holds and centralize the ownership of land in the hands of the 
few, not only destroys the prosperity and independence of the people, 
but strikes at the very foundation of our republic. There is nothing in 
this country so sacred as the free-hold. It was the inmiediate parent of 
our free-school system and constitutes the essential condition of its exis- 
tence, for in a country of great landed estates the district school system 
is as impossible as it is unknown. 

.At the foundation of our free system, therefore, lies the principle of 
equality, and it is only upon that principle it can be preserved ; for it 
can rest in the love of all only as it rests in the interests of all. Move it 
from this basis of ecjuality and our temple of liberty falls, and then who 
shall raise up its shapely columns again? It is only by a happy concur- 
rence of the most fortunate circumstances our Constitution was framed 
and adopted. No other people, no other country, no other age was 
equal to the work. How far above the powers of the American people 
to-day is such an achievement? We should know, since we are not 
able to supply its one little defect, in relation to counting the electoral 
votes. The wisdom and patriotism of Congress is unequal to the task, 
though urged to it by every consideration of public safety. No, if our 
experiment of free government shall fail from the earth, it will be the 
knell of popular liberty the world over and for all time. 

Cicero, in one of his orations, is led off into a panegyric upon the 
Roman Constitution. How apt are his words, when applied to our im- 
maculate charter, the crowning glory of the Revolution. — that master- 
piece of human invention, at once the wonder and hope of the world. — 
the Constitution under which we live! for. says the great orator. "O 
wonderful system and discipline of government which we have received 
from our fathers !—I,ET us PRIiSERVE IT." 

General Plaisted married, September 21, 1858, Sarah 
J., daughter of Chase P. and Mary J. (Clough) Mason, 
of Waterville. They had three sons — Harold Mason, a 
recent graduate of the State College, and now messenger 
to the Governor and Council; Frederick William, a pupil 
in the Bangor high school, and Ralph Parker, also in the 
public schools of this city. Mrs. Plaisted died October 
25, 1875, ^"d on the 27th of September, 1881, the Gov- 
ernor was again married, this time to Mabel True, 
daughter of Hon. Francis W. and Sarah A. (True) Hill, 
of E.\eter, in this county, and grand-daughter of Colonel 
Francis Hill. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



65 



CHAPTER V. 

COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 

The Seventeeiuh Century — First White Settlements in Maine — A 
Possible French Fort on the Penobscot in the Si.vteentli Century— 
The Plymouth Pilgrims at Cistine— The Earthquake of 1638— Re- 
ports and Statistics of Growth— Castine Village— The Old Fort- 
Baron de St. Castine — Other Inhabitants of Pentagoet— Castine the 
Younger — First English Settlers on the Penobscot. 

THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 

The first permanent settlements upon the present soil 
of Maine were made upon Arrowsick Island and the 
mainland about the Sagadahoc river, and at Sheepscot, 
Damariscotta, Pemaquid, and the St. George's river, as 
early as 1613. A permanent settlement was begun 
about this time at the mouth of the Saco. Monhegan, 
says Williamson, "was permanently peopled about the 
year 1622." But Bryant & Gay's History holds Bidde- 
ford and Saco, planted by Richard Vines and John Old- 
ham in 1630, to be the most decided beginnings of set- 
tlements in Maine. Four years previously, the New 
Plymouth colonists had followed their trading ventures 
up and at the mouth of the Kennebec with the erection 
of a "truck house'' at Penobscot, where they began trade 
with the Tarratine Indians. It was the first English 
trading-house in the Penobscot waters. 

Governor Sullivan, in his History of the District of 
Maine, says there were at this time eighty-four families, 
besides fishermen, about Sheepscot, Pemaquid, and St. 
George's. Reasoning from this datum, Mr. Williamson 
thinks that in 1636 the whole number of whites between 
Piscataqua and Penobscot must have exceeded 1,400, 
and might possibly have reached 100 more. 

In 1653, from the data supplied by the submission 
made by the five towns of Maine te Massachusetts, the 
same writer estimates : " If there were 250 families in 
the five towns, and fifty farms on the Isles of Shoals, at 
seven in a family, the whole number of persons would 
be 2,100." 

Eleven years after this, or in the year 1664, when 
the Geographical and Historical Description of North 
America was published by Monsieur Denys, he said: 
"The French have a fort on the east side of the Penob- 
scot Bay; and on the other hand the English are set- 
tled in great numbers, and have a large country cleared 
and under imi)rovement." The next year, when the 
Royal Commissioners are said to have erected the 1 )uke 
of York's Sagadahoc Territory into the County of Corn- 
wall, the settlements along the coast are believed by Wil- 
liamson to have comprised "probably 300 families;" 
though Sullivan finds but 145 in 1673. In the later jear 
a census of "Acadia" was taken by the French authori- 
ties ; but we get from it no statistics as to the territory 
now occupied by Maine, except of the Baron de Cas- 
tine's settlement on Penobscot Bay, which had thirty-one 
white persons, including the soldiers of the garrison. 

The next year the outbreak of King Philip's War led 
to an enrollment of the militia, which appears rather to 
have been estimated than exactly ascertained, if one 
may judge by the "round numbers" in which returns 
were made. From these, however, it may be ascer- 



tained, with reasonable certainty, that the white popu- 
lation between the Piscataqua and the Penobscot 
numbered 5,000 to 6,000. Leaving out, however, " Dev- 
onshire" and the settlements west of the Sagadahoc, 
the "residue of the Duke's patent" was returned as con- 
taining but fifty men capable of bearing arms. The 
statement of Captain Sylvanus Davis, however, then a 
resident agent on the Sagadahoc and extensively ac- 
quainted with the settlers, is that there were this year 
(1675) 158 families east of that river. But there was 
not yet, nor until eighty-five years thereafter, a single 
permanent white settler on the bank of the Penobscot. 
The next year the total population of Massachusetts and 
New Hampshire, the Maine and Sagadahoc Provinces, was 
but 150,000 souls. This is the statement of Mr. Wil- 
liamson, who cites some older authorities. Mr. Palfrey 
(History of New England) scouts this estimate as alto- 
gether too large, and thinks there were probably in New 
England at this time, leaving Maine altogether out of 
the account, 40,000 to 45,000 people of English stock. 
Hubbard, in his Narrative of the Troubles with the 
Indians in New England, published in 1677, gives the 
following account of the beginnings of settlement in 
Maine: , 

The first place that was ever possessed by the English, in the hope of 
making a plantation in those parts, was a tract of land on the west side 
of the river of Kennebeck, then called Sagatohocke, since Saga-de- 
hocke; other places adjoining were soon after seized, and improved for 
trading and fishmg. The more remote and furthest northward at the 
time belonging to the English (Penobscot forty years since being sur- 
prised by the French and by them held at this day) is called Pemma- 
quid, distant seven or eight leagues from Kennebeck, and is the utmost 
boundary of Xew England, being about forty leagues distant from the 
mouth of Pascataqua river. That Pemmaquid is a very commodious 
haven for ships, and hath been found very advantageous to such as use 
to come upon these coasts to make fishing voyages; southwest, or 
southeast, from whence, about six or seven leagues, lies an island called 
Monhiggon, of much use on the same account for fishing, it lying three or 
four leagues into the sea from Damaril's Cove (a place of hkc advantage 
for the stages of fishermen in former times). There have been for a 
long time seven or eight considerable dwellings about Pemmaquid. 
wnich is well accommodated with pasture-land about the haven for 
feeding cattle, and some fields also for tiU.ige; all the land improvable 
for such uses being already taken uj) by such a number of inhabitants 
as is already mentioned. 

A I'OSSIliLF- FRENCH FORT. 

The old French navigator and writer, Andre Thevet, 
who wrote of the Penobscot waters, or the "river of 
Norumbegue," in 1556, makes the first mention of any- 
thing like civilized settlement upon its banks or the 
shores of the bay. He speaks of a small fort erected by 
the French some ten or twelve leagues up the river, 
which was called "the Fort of Norumbeque." He sup- 
plies, however, no fnrther facts concerning it; and, as 
nothing more is known of it and no vestiges of it have 
ever been discovered, it seems probable that no such fort 
existed in fact, and that Thevet transmogrified in his 
relation the older story of an aborignal capital on the 
Penobscot, which was itself named "Norumbega." 

THE LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS. 

Early in 1626, or perhaps the next year, — at all events, 
but a very few years after the landing at Plymouth, — 
the Pilgrims, without charter or other warrant of author- 
ity, made a lodgment upon the shore of Penobscot Bay, 



66 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



on the Castine peninsula. Already sundry enterprises 
had been undertaken by the Plymouth colonists, by 
which they had become heavily involved. A number of 
their principal men — twenty-seven, it is said — gave relief 
by making a contract with the colony that they should 
have a monopoly of its trade for si.\ years from Septem- 
ber, 1627, with the use of its vessels, implements, and 
goods, for the consideration of payment of its debts and 
an annual supply of ^50 worth of hose and shoes, in 
exchange for corn at six shillings a bushel, and either six 
pounds of tobacco or three bushels of corn, as the col- 
ony might elect. The company, with the addition of 
four persons in England, was called by the rather 
gloomy and forbidding title of the "Undertakers." 
Judge Godfrey, in his paper on The Pilgrims at Penob- 
scot, says of their operations : 

They were carrying on si profitable traffic with the Indians at Penob- 
scot, exclianging with them coats, sliirls, rugs, blanl<ets, biscuit, corn, 
peas, and wampum (of whicli latter tliey liad the monopoly in the LCast, 
and which came to be much coveted by the natives), for beaver, otter, 
and other furs, when, by the agreement of Allerton and the English 
partners, a young man by the name of Edward Ashley, in whose integ- 
rity the Pilgrims had little confidence, was rather forced upon them. 
They knew that he had wit and ability; they also knew that he 
was "a very profane young man, who had lived amonge ye Indians as 
a savage, and wente naked amongste them and used their maners.' 
But he had learned their language, which was a useful and valuable 
accomplishment. 

Ashley came into the business in 1629 and took charge of the estab- 
lishment at Penobscot. Fearing to trust him alone, the Plymouth 
partners caused to be joined with him Thomas Willet, a young man 
from Leyden, honest, discreet, and trustworthy, whom they instructed 
to keep him "in some good measure within bounds." 

Ashley was well supplied with goods by the Undertakers from both 
England and Plymouth, and carried on so brisk a trade with the In- 
dians that it was not long before he had accumulated a large quantity 
of beaver. The Plymouth Undertakers, however, did not realize 
directly from it as they expected. He paid no attention to the liabili- 
ties of the house to them for supplies, but sent all his beaver direct to 
England, though he still continued to obtain goods from them as well 
as from England. Consequently he did not rise in their favor. Never- 
theless they were compelled, through their connection with the Enghsh 
partners, who had confidence in him, to buy and man a vessel for his 
use and render him other assistance. But after he had been there a 
year or more, he "was taken in a trap," Governor Bradford says, "for 
trading powder and shote with ye Indians," in violation of the proc- 
lamation of King James, which forbade it. For this the authorities 
seized a half a ton of beaver, which he had on hand belonging to the 
house, and would have confiscated it, had not the Plymouth Under- 
takers proved by his bonds to them in 500 pounds, that he was " not to 
trade any munition with ye Indians, or otherwise to abuse himselfe." 
It appearing that he alone was responsible for the ofTense, and had 
violated his bond in every respect, he was sent to England and impris- 
oned in the Fleet. They were thus rid of him, to their greet relief. 

On the 31st of December, 1631, the English Attor- 
ney-General was directed to take proceedings against 
Ashley for furnishing arms and ammunition to the sav- 
ages. He was seized and confined in the Fleet Prison, 
in London, from which he was discharged on the 17th 
of February following, because his offense was found to 
be committed before the issuance of the King's procla- 
mation; but he was placed under bond "not to offend 
in the like kind hereafter." 

Isaac Allerton, one of the original adventurers in the 
Mayflower, who had lieen a partner in and the agent of 
the company, was also dismissed, partly because he 
tried to divert trade from the Penobscot, by engaging in 
business with a Mr. Vines of Saco and sending goods 



eastward. The Undertakers then managed solely the 
business at Penobscot, which, says Judge Godfrey, 
"prospered and made large yearly returns." They con- 
tinued to thrive here until 1631, when a French party, 
led by a renegade Scotchman, came with a small ship 
into the harbor, in the absence of all the Plymouth men 
except three or four servants, whom they compelled to 
carry about ;^,5oo worth of goods, including three hun- 
dred pounds of beaver fur, on board their vessel, and 
.sailed away with their plunder. The traders remained, 
however, even after the treaty of St. Germains, between 
England and France, March 19, 1632, had transferred 
the country, as "Acadia," to the latter power, and until 
1635, when the Seigneur D'Aulnay de Charnisey, com- 
monly called D'Aulnay, the F'rench Lieutenant-General 
commanding west of the St. Croix, dispossessed them in 
the name of the French crown. He politely took an 
inventory of the goods with their prices, and promised 
compensation for them ; but would allow nothing for the 
house and fortification, as "those who build on another 
man's ground do forfeit the same." He allowed the Pil- 
grims to take their shallop and food enough for the return 
voyage, and then packed them off to Plymouth, while he 
occupied their premises at Penobscot as his own residence. 
The colonists were greatly enraged, as they had been by 
the robbery of 1631; and procuring from Massachusetts 
Bay an armed vessel called the Great Hope, commanded 
by a rascally captain named Girling, they agreed with 
him for the recapture of the truck-house, for the reward 
of seven hundred pounds of beaver. He set sail for 
Penobscot in company with the redoubtable Miles 
Standish, who had a small vessel with twenty men and 
the beaver fur on board. Girling wasted his ammunition 
in distant and futile fire upon the fort, and Standish, 
going to Pemaquid for more, sent it to him, but sailed 
away to Plymouth with his own precious cargo, lest his 
faithless comrade should "ceiase [sieze] on ye barke, and 
surprise ye beaver," as old Hubbard puts it. He left 
Captain (Jirling to follow at his ease, which he did with- 
out renewing the attack. Some further effort was made 
by the Plymouth people to organize an expedition with 
similar intent; but to no purpose. 'I'he French remained 
in undisturbed possession at Penobscot for many years. 
The fort was burned, however, by La Tour's men, and 
the cattle of the settlement killed, in May, 1644. D'Anl- 
ney, just six years afterwards, ended his adventurous and 
troubled life by freezing to death in an open fishing-boat 
off the coast. May 24, 1850. 

One amusing incident of D'Aulnay's residence at 
Penobscot is the presentation to him by the Boston 
authorities, by w.iy of placating his revenge after the 
attack under Girling, of an elegant sedan chair, w'hich 
had been sent by the Mexican Viceroy to his sister in the 
West Indies. It had fallen into the hands of a sea cap- 
tain, who presented it to the Governor at Boston, from 
whom it was obtained for the gift to D'Aulnay. As 
another writer says: "Can one fancy the wife and 
daughter of D'Aulnay parading in it from the fort to the 
farm-house, and from the farm-house to the mill?'' 

F"or many years after their expulsion from Penobscot, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



67 



the English had no settlement east of the Kennebec, 
except that at Pemaciuid. 

AN EARTHQUAKE. 

June I, 1638, the people of the Penobscot country, 
then numbering very few not aboriginal, shared in the 
remarkable disturbance of the elements made memorable 
as the "Great Earth(iuake." It occurred about the mid- 
dle of the afternoon. Mr. Williamson says: 

At the time the weather was clear and warm, and the wind westward. 
It commenced with a noise Tike continued tliunder or the rattling of 
stage-coaches upon pavements, and with a motion so violent that the 
people in some places found difficulty iu standing on their feet, and 
some chimneys, and many light moveables in dwelling houses, were 
thrown down. The soimd and motion continued four minutes, and 
the earth was unquiet at times for twenty days afterwards. It was 
generally felt throughout the northeast, and the course of it was from 
west to east. 

A tolerably severe earthquake was experienced by the 
Maine settlers on the twenty-ninth of October, 1727; 
and a much harder one, lasting some moments, in the 
early morning of November 18, 1775. From time to 
time ever since, slight shocks have been experienced. 
The last one observed at Bangor and vicinity occurred 
in the late evening of Sunday, July 24, 18S1. 

SOME REPORTS OF GROWTH. 

In July, 1665, when the Royal Commissioners repre- 
senting the Duke of York's interests were in Maine, they 
professed to have gathered the following facts for the 
slighting account which they gave of nearly all the colonies 
and settlements visited in their tour. Not much reliance 
is to be placed upon it. They asserted that beyond the 
Kennebec, in the Duke's Province, there were "three 
small plantations, the biggest of which had not above 
thirty houses in it, and those very near ones too, and 
spread over eight miles at least. Those people, for the 
most part, were fishermen, and never had any govern- 
ment among them ; most of them were such as had fled 
thither from other places to avoid justice." 

Six years later Mr. Cartwright, of this commission, 
reported to the council for foreign plantations, in the 
Home Government, that there were one thousand men 
able to bear arms in the province of Maine, of whom 
one hundred were in "Kennebec." But Dr. Palfrey 
characterizes his statement, which includes statistics 
from other colonies, as wrong in all particulars. It was 
probably a mere rough estimate, if not knowingly false. 

During the spring of i688, an account was taken by 
Governor Andros, of the white inhabitants between the 
Penobscot and the St. Croix, which exhibits at Penobscot 
only the Baron de Castine, his family, and his servant 
Ranne; at Edgemoragan Reach, Charles St. Robin, his 
.son and daughter, and M. La Tour and family ; at Petit 
Pleasants, on Mt. Desert, a French family, consisting of 
M. Lowry, his wife and child, and an English family 
named Hinds, being man, wife, and four children ; on 
the east side of Mt. Desert, at "Frenchman's Bay," Cad- 
mac and wife; and a few more settlers at Machias, Pas- 
samaquoddy, and St. Croi.x, the total enumeration reach- 
ing about forty-five souls. There is reason to believe 
that this was a fairly accurate census. The names in- 
dicate that, with the single exception noted and perhaps 



one other family, all the white inhabitants on this part of 
the coast were French. 

The next year President Danforth, in view of the fact 
that the forts east of Falimouth, and most of the settle- 
ments, had been abandoned in consequence of the 
Indian troubles during King William's War, ordered an 
account to be taken of all the inhabitants still resident 
within his province of Maine, and of those who had left 
it. We are not aware that this census has been preserved. 
If so, we have not been able to see a copy of it, or even 
to obtain its conclusions. 

THE CASTINE VILLAGE. 

One of the most interesting historic spots upon the 
Penobscot waters is that near Castine, which is thus 
described by the Hon. John E. Godfrey, of Bangor, in 
his paper upon The Pilgrims at Penobscot, contributed 
to the seventh volume of the Maine Historical Collec- 
tions: 

About a cjuarter of a mile southerly of the principal street of the 
present village of Castine is a plateau, not large, but of sufficient 
extent for a trading establishment. It has a fine beach, and is pro- 
tected from the intrusion of the waves by a sweep of the shore, and 
sheltered from the northern blasts by high lands in the rear. Upon 
this plateau are the last vestiges of the old fort which probably was 
originated by the pilgrims, enlarged by D'Aulnay, and occupied by 
French and English alternately for more than a century, — " Oid Fort 
Penobscot, " as it is called. It is a spot full of interest to the historical 
pilgrim, and has attractions that bring to it, year after year, crowds of 
curious vistiors. 

In his essay upon the Baron Castine, in the same 
volume of the Collections, Judge Godfrey gives a some- 
what detailed account of the fort, as follows: 

This fort, it is supposed, stood on the site of the Plymouth tr.iding 
house of 1626-27, and was the fort of D'Aulnay. Vestiges of it are in 
existence. During sixty years it had been occupied by the English, 
French, and Dutch successively. In 1670 Sir Thomas Temple, who 
had claimed this portion of Acadia under a patent from Cromwell in 
1756, surrendered it under the treaty of Breda to the Chevalier de 
Grandfontaine. This was then the condition of the fort : 

On entering it, upon the left hand was a guard house, about fifteen 
paces long by ten bro.ad, and upon the right a house of similar dimen- 
sions, of hewn stone, covered with shingles. Above these was a chapel 
six paces long by four broad, covered with shingles and built with 
terras, upon which was a small turret with a bell weighing eighteen 
pounds. Upon the left hand, on entering the court , was a magazine 
of two stories, built of stone, about thirty-six paces by ten, covered 
with shingles, very old and out of repair. Upon the ramparts were 
twelve guns weighing in all 21,122 pounds. In the fort were six 
"murtherers" without chambers, weighing twelve hundred pounds. 
Two eight-pounders were on a plateau faciiig the sea. Thirty or forty 
paces distant from the fort there was a building twenty paces bv eight, 
used as a cattle-house, and about fifty paces from this a square garden 
enclosed with rails in which were fifty or sixty trees bearing fruit. 

It is thought that St. Castine erected a house within or near the 
walls of the fort. Tradition locates the orchard on the upper side of 
the street, westerly of the fort, and it is alleged that some of the trees 
were removed to Sedgwick and bore apples in 1873. 

This peninsula, called by the Indians Matche-Biguatus, 
which was corrujated by the English into Major-Biguy- 
duce, and now sometimes called Bagaduce, w^as known in 
theearly day of settlement as Pentagoet or Penobscot, and 
finally by its present musical name of Castine. In 1670 
the fort and settlement were occupied by the French 
under the Chevalier de Grandfontaine, by the operation 
of the Treaty of Breda. Four years afterwards it was 
taken by the Dutch, and again by them in 1676, when 
they were driven out by the English. Before this came 



68 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the Haron de St. Castine, who, with his descendants, 
occupied the site for many years. It was permanently 
settled by the English in 1760, was held by the British 
forces in the Revolution from 1779 to the [leace, and 
was also occupied by the British for nearly a year, during 
the War of 1812. Penobscot had thirteen hundred in- 
habitants when (iovernor Sullivan wrote, in 1794, "and 
that number," he said, "is increasing by the constant 
accession of new settlers from every part of the country." 
Penobscot town was divided February 10, 1796, and 
Castine incorporated. It became the shire-town of 
Hancock county, and remained such until 1838, when 
the courts were removed to Ellsworth. It had 12 15 
inhabitants by the census of 1880. 

IHE BARON DE ST. CASTINE. 

This famous character of early Penobscot history, from 
whom the flourishing town at his old seat of power de- 
rives its name, has come frequently into these narratives, 
and deserves some special notice before proceeding 
further. Jean Vincent, the Baron de St. Castine, was a 
native of the town of Oleron, in France, on the skirts 
of the Pyrenees, born about 1636. He was of noble 
birth, received a good education, including military 
science, and, when only fifteen years of age, joined the 
famous Carignan Salieres regiment of the standing army 
of France. He served with his command in Germany 
against the Turks, and came with it to Quebec in 1665, 
where, after the war then waging with England was 
closed by the Treaty of Breda, the regiment was dis- 
banded and he discharged from the French service. He 
seems about this time to have become disgusted with 
civilized life, and, as La Hontan says, "threw himself 
upon the savages." He settled, with several Jesuit mis- 
sionaries in his train, at Point Bagaduce, where I)'.\ul- 
nay had been before him, about 1667, there built a 
more than usually spacious trading-house and residence, 
and restored the old fort of the English and D'AuInay. 
Mr. Williamson says of Castine: 

He wns a liberal Catholic, though devoted and punctilious in his re- 
ligious observances. . . . He learned to speak with ease 
the Indian dialect; and, supplying himself with fire-arms, ammuniton, 
blankets, steel-traps, baubles, and a thousand other things desired Ijy 
the natives, he made them presents and opened a valuable trade with 
them in these articles, for which he received furs and peltry in return, at 
his own prices. He taught the men the use of the gun, and, being a 
man of fascinating .address and manners, he attained a complete ascen- 
dancy over the whole tribe, they looking upon him, in the language of 
one writer, "as their tutelar god." 

To chain their attachments by ties not easily broken, in connection 
with person.al gratification, he took four or five Tarratine wives, one of 
them the daughter of M.adockawando, sagamore of the tribe. He lived 
with them all by changes at the same time, and had several daughters 
and one son, Castine the younger, who was a man of distinction and of 
excellent character. 

Early habits and great success in trade rendered the Baron contented 
with his allotments; he lived in the country about thirty years; and, as 
Abbe Kegnal says, "conformed himself in all respects to the manners 
and customs of the natives." To his daughters, whom he "married 
very handsomely to Krenchmcn," he gave liberal portions, having 
amassed a property worth three lumdred thousand crowns. 

The (Governors of New England and of Canada, apprised of his in- 
fluence, wealth, and military knowledge, were, for obvious reasons, the 
courtiers of his friendship and favor. 

For seventeen years Castine was comparatively unmo- 
lested in the enjoyment of his independent life in the 



wilderness on the beautiful shore, of his lucrative trade, 
his large influence with the savages, and his harem of In- 
dian w'ives. During this time he maintained a trading- 
house at Port Royal as well as Penobscot, and accumu- 
lated his large fortune. In 1684 he experienced some 
annoyance from a "notice to quit," served upon him by 
Colonel Dungan, Governor of New York, unless he would 
recognize the English authority in that quarter, but more 
from the efforts of a troublesome countryman named 
Perrot, an ex-Governor of Montreal, to oust him from 
his profitable trading-house. Perrot virtually compelled 
him to withdraw from Port Royal, but he held his own at 
Penobscot for three years longer, when at last the Eng- 
lish power began to re-assert itself vigorously in this 
quarter. The harsh and arbitrary Commissioners, Pal- 
mer and West, appointed to manage the Duke of York's 
Eastern domain, in 1686 seized a cargo of wines con- 
veyed in a Piscataqua vessel, which had been landed 
near the Baron's seat, without paying duties in the cus- 
tom-house at Pemaquid. The next year they dispatched 
a party of fifty men to possess Pentagoet and the coast 
to St. Croix, as English territory, and directed Castine 
and the Indians, as well as two French settlers near this 
post, to disregard any orders t'rom French sources. The 
Baron accepted the situation, and was not molested. In 
the summer of 16SS the haughty Andros, the new Gov- 
ernor of New England, visited his Eastern domain, and, 
in the enlargement of his jurisdiction resolved to seize 
the Penobscot settlement. In advance of his coming he 
sent word to Captain George, of the frigate Rose, at 
Pemaquid, to get his vessel ready to sail against the ar- 
rival of the Governor and his suite there. George con- 
siderately sent word of the intended movement to his 
friend Castine. In a short time .A.ndros, in personal 
command of the expedition, presented himself in front 
of the Frenchman's stronghold — "before Castine's door," 
the old account says. An officer was sent ashore to an- 
nounce the unwelcome visitors, but found that the Baron 
and his adherents had taken to the woods. The account 
proceeds : 

The Governor landed, with other gentlemen with him, and went into 
the house, and found a small altar in the common room, which altar 
and some pictures and ordinary ornaments they did not meddle with 
anything belonging thereto, but took away all his arms, powder, and 
shot, iron kettles, and some trucking-cloth and his chairs, all of which 
were put aboard the Rose, and laid up in order to a condemnation of 
trading. 

It was the Governor's intention also to restore the fort 
built by his orders some years before on the Penobscot, 
for which he had brought materials and workmen; but 
he found the work so ruinous that " he was resolved to 
spare that charge till a more proper time offered," and so 
retnrned to Pemacjuid. He had made a visit to the 
chief Madockawando, Castine's father-in-law, also giving 
him a handsome present, and now sent a message by a 
Tarratine sachem to Castine, that he should have his 
property back as soon as he could report at that place 
and make his allegiance to the English crown. But the 
Baron was now thoroughly enraged, and made no con- 
cessions to the English, but instead, it is generally be- 
lieved, stirred up the Indians to hostilities. He incited 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



69 



the savages to outbreak, it is said, by the promise to 
each, ■ hostile of a pound of powder, two pounds of lead, 
and a roll of tobacco. Others, as Judge Godfrey, think 
that Castine remained friendly to the English, and that 
the Jesuits provoked the strife. .\t all events, Indian 
outrages were recommenced. In August and in the fall 
another Eastern expedition, but of land forces, was set 
on foot, which had a campaign of great hardship and 
suffering, fruitful of nothing but the establishment of 
some garrisoned posts from Wells to Pemaquid. 

Again, in 1690, Castine apjjears on the war-path 
against the English, in joint command with his father-in- 
law Madockawando of a body of Tarratines going to 
join a mixed force of French and Indians, collected un- 
der the orders of Count Frontenac, Governor of Canada, 
for the expedition against Falmouth, and was present at 
the stipulations for the capitulation of Fort Loyal, at 
that place, to the faith and observance of which, Mr. Wil- 
liamson says, he " lifted his hand and swore by the ever- 
lasting God" — to little intent or purpose, as the massa- 
cre and plunder which speedily followed showed. Judge 
Godfrey thinks this story of Castine incorrect, and that 
he took no part in the attack. Six years later, he rein- 
forced Iberville and Villebon with 240 of his Indians in 
canoes, to whom Iberville distributed presents, on their 
way to the successful reduction of Fort William Henry. 
Meanwhile, in the fall of 1792, an unsuccessful attempt 
was made to kidnap or assassinate Castine at his place. 

After the affair at Fort William Henry, little is known 
of Castine. He disappeared from the Penobscot coun- 
try soon after the death of Madockawando in 1697 or 
'98. Mr. H. W. Longfellow, in his musical poem on the 
Baron, sends him to his old Pyrenees home, to find his 
father dead, to occupy the ancestral properly, and to be 
married according to the rites of the church, since — 

In course of time the curate le.irns 

A secret so dreadfnl that, by turns, 

He is ice and fire, he freezes and burns. 

The Baron at confession hath said 

That though this woman be his wife, 

He hath wed her as the Indians wed. 

He hath bought her for a gun and a knife. 

Judge Godfrey says, however: "That he was early 
lawfnlly married to a daughter of Madockawando is 
probable from the fact that his son had the priests' cer- 
tificate of his legitimacy." It is known that he came 
into his inheritance of ^^5,000 a year in 1686, and he 
probably retired to the old baronial home to spend his 
last years in the enjoyment of it and his large fortune 
gained among the Indians. He died some time before 
1708. 

The other inhabitans of Pentagoet, during at least a 
part of Castine's residence there, were his servant Jean 
Renauld, with a wife and four children, and another 
Frenchman named Des Lines, with wife and three chil- 
dren. These, with Castine, his wife and one child, 
made up the white population of Penobscot in 1693. 
Four years previously only one white man, and one 
woman, both married, with a boy of fifteen (doubtless 
Castine, wife, and son), and one priest were reported 
there. The priests gave his place, ecclesiastically, the 



title of the Parish of the Sainte Famille (or Holy Family). 

CYSTINE THE YOUNGER. 

Anselm de St. Castine was the son of Baron Castine 
and Matilda, daughter of Madockawando. He remained 
as a trader at Penobscot after the departure of his father, 
and was also ])rominent in the political and martial 
movements of the time. He took a leading [jart in the 
defense of Port Royal against the Massachusetts expe- 
dition in 1700, and, when it returned for a second attempt 
in August, he prepared an ambuscade which drove 
the enemy in disorder toward their boats. In the 
pursuit which followed Castine was severely wounded. 
He was married two months afterwards to Charlotte 
d' Amours, at Port Royal. In 1690, still residing 
at Penobscot, he there entertained Major Livingston, 
of another Massachusetts expedition which had effected 
the reduction of Port Royal, and accompanied him 
up the river to Quebec, to obtain the approval of 
the Governor-General of New France to the articles of 
capitulation. It was on this journey that they came to 
the island "Lett," as remarked by Livingston, the iden- 
tity of which has been so much in controversy. They 
had a terrible journey through the wilderness, and were 
nearly two months on the way, arriving at Quebec the 
1 6th of December in sad case. Here Castine was com- 
missioned lieutenant, and charged especially with the 
care of French interests among the Indians of his re- 
gion. He returned to Pentagoet, and presently under- 
took the re-capture of Port Royal, but without success. 
After the death of his father he was deprived of his 
inheritance under pretense of illegitimacy, and decided 
to remain in the wilderness. In August, 1721, he took 
part in a conference of the commanders of two hundred 
Abenakis, at Arrowsic Island, with Captain Penhallow, 
commanding the English there, for which he was regard- 
ed as an enemy, and was seized at Penobscot, carried to 
Boston, and imprisoned for five months. He declared 
"the highest friendship for the English," and that "my 
disposition is to prevent my people from doing them 
mischief," and was accordingly released. Some unim- 
portant incidents are related of him during the next ten 
years, when he altogether disappears from history. 
Many descendants of the Castines are known to have 
been among the Indians of the Penobscot, and some of 
their chiefs, as Orono, are believed to have been of their 
blood. 

Mr. Williamson, closing an account of the third Indi- 
an (Queen Anne's, a ten-years') war, after a sketch of 
the character of Assacombuit, one of the most promi- 
nent on the side of the savages, says: 

There was never a greater contrast than between him and Castine 
the younger. This man possessed a very mild and generous disposi- 
tion. His birthplace and home were at Penobscot, upon the penin. 
sula of Biguyduce, the former residence of his father. Though a half- 
breed, the son of Baron de Castine, by a Tarratine wife, lie appeared to. 
be entirely free from the bigoted malevolence of the French and the bar 
barous, revengeful spirit of the savages. He was a chief .Sagamore of" 
the Tarratine tribe, and also held a conmiission from the French king- 
By his sweetness of temper, magnanimity, and other valuable proper 
ties, he was holden in high estimation by both people. Nor were the 
English insensible of his uncommon merit. He had an elegant French 
uniform, which he sometimes wore, yet on all occasions he preferred to 



^o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






appear dressed in the habit of his tribe. It was in him both policy and 
pleasure to promote peace with the Knglish, and in several instances 
where they had treated him with abuse, he gave proof of forbearance 
worthy of a philosopher's or Christian's imitation. The great confi- 
dence they reposed in liis honor and fidelity, as the companion of Ma- 
or Livingston through the wilderness from Port Royal to Quebec, was 
in every place well-placed and fully confirmed. He was a man o^ 
foresight and good sense. Perceiving how these wars wasted away 
the Indians, he was humane as well as wise, when he bade earnest wel- 
come to the "songs of peace." These immediately drew home fathers 
and brolhers. and wiped away the tears of their families. He thought 
his tribe happy only when they enjoyed the dews and shades of tran- 
quility. In 17ZI he was improperly siezed at Biguyduce, his dwelling- 
place, by the English and carried to Boston, where he was detained 
several months. The ne.vt year, according to Charievoi.i, he visited 
Rearne. in I'Yance, to inherit his father's property, honors, fortune, and 
seigniorial rights, from which country we have no account of his return- 

UP THE PENOBSCOT. 

Fort I'ownall, at what i.s now called I'ort Point, where 
the waters of the river join tho.se of the bay, was built by 
the energetic Governor from whotn it takes its name, in 
1759. Under its protection the valley of the Fower 
Penobscot soon began to fill with the jjioneers of civiliza- 
tion. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Western 
Maine principally furnished the immigration. .\ white 
settler was on the lower part of Orphan Island in 1763, 
and Colonel Jonathan Buck at Bucksport the ne.xt year. 
Bnt Lieutenant Joshua Treat, celebrated in the older 
writings as the " great hunter," who settled for conveni- 
ence of traffic near Fort Pownall in 1760, is supposed to 
have been the first permanent settler on the river, Set- 
tlement crept slowly up the stream, however, and did not 
reach the site of Bangor until 1769, when Mr. Jacob Bus- 
well, or Bussell, set down his stakes at the head of tide- 
water. The rest of the story will be told elsewhere. 



CHAPTER VL 

THE MISSIONARIES. 



Captain 'Weymouth with his Cross— Fathers Baird and Masse— The 
St. Sauveur Mission at Mt. Desert— Its Precise Locality— The Cross 
—On the Castine Peninsula— The Capuchins— D'Aulnay and the 
Castines— The Parish de S.iint Famille— Father Gabriel Druillettes- 
The Fathers Vincent and Jaques Bigot— Father Thury— Father Se- 
bastian Ralle— The Missionaries on the Penobscot— Father Romagne 
—Usefulness of the Missionaries among the Indians— A Touch o 
Poetry. 

THE CROSS 

was early brought up the Penobscot waters, but rather 
for political than religious purpose.s. If the theory be 
true that Captain Weymouth, in June of 1605, ascended 
the Penobscot, he was the first to explore its resources; 
and it is thus made the more noteworthy that the voya- 
gers bore with them, as the journal relates, a cross "a 

thing never omitted by any Christian travellers, which 
we erected at the ultimate end of our route," fifty or 
sixty miles from the entrance to the Bay. Indeed one 
later writer a.sserts that Weymouth "set ujj crosses in 
several places." Here, then, two and three-(iuarters 
centuries ago, was planted the emblem, if not the emis- 
saries, of the Christian religion. 



The next year the grant of the North and South Vir- 
ginia patent was expressly, in part, for the bringing of 
the infidel savages to a knowledge of the Christian re- 
ligion and the true worship of God, to a civilized life and 
a settled government. Hubbard, in his History of New 
England, says that the declared intent of the adventurers 
was to propagate God's holy church. A similar purpose 
is expressed in many other instruments relating to the 
colonization of America. 

HIARD AND M.ASSE. 

About the year 1610, when Biencourt, son of Poutrin- 
court, then the chief man of the French at Port Royal, 
returned to France for aid to the suffering and struggling 
colony, all that he received from the tiueen regent was 
two Jesuit fathers, M. Biard and Masse. They had a 
gift of 2,000 crowns for expenses, and set sail for the New 
Wodd. Father Biard reached the Kennebec, where he 
was cordially received by the Canibas, and labored with 
some success, especially in collecting supplies of pro- 
vision for the people at Port Royal, where he had his 
own headquarters. Masse also set out for the wilder- 
ness, but was taken severely sick on the way, and presently 
recovered. The Marchioness de Guercheville, a jjious 
Catholic lady who is elsewhere mentioned in this work, 
had the missionaries now under her patronage, and pre- 
vailed on the queen mother to assist in dispatching a 
vessel to plant a religious establishment independent of 
Port Royal. In 16 13, under command of the Sieur de 
la Saussaye, and with two other Jesuit Feathers, Quentin 
and Gilbert du Thet, the vessel proceeded to Maine, 
picking up Biard and Masse on the way, at Port Royal. 
Governor Lincoln, in the first volume of the original 
series of the Maine Historical Collections, thus continues 
the story : 

They disembarked, with twenty-five others, on the northerly bank of 
the Penobscot. Father Biard made an excursion from this place to 
visit the neighboring peaple, and arriving near a village of the Etche- 
mins, he heard frightful cries, like those of lamentation for the dead. 
He hastened lorward with the prompt anNiety which generally impels 
the ecclesiastics of certain orders to be present at that scene, where 
pleasure, interest, or duty are generally satisfied by the offering of pen- 
itence, bequests, and hom.nge. He ascertained that the occasion of the 
clamor was the illness of a child, and found the inhabitants of a village 
ranged in two rows on each side of it; the father holding it in his amis 
and uttering loud cries, to which the whole assembly responded with 
one accord. The missionary took the child, and having administered 
the sacred mystery of baptism, prayed with a loud voice that God would 
vouchsafe some token of his power. He forgot not, however, to use 
the means which might contribute, humanly speaking, to the miracle 
he petitioned for, and presented the child to the warmth and cherishing 
virtue of the maternal bosom. It soon became well. Whatever else 
may be said, it must be admitted that the administration of baptism 
was judiciously seasonable; for the Indians were persuaded that its di- 
vine efficacy drove away the disease which had so much distressed 
them, and they looked upon the missionary as one who could call down 
from the master of life the health of his children. 

This mission, known as St. Sauveur, is commonly lo- 
cated by writers on Mt. Desert. It did not long endure. 
The Virginians, under Argal, swooped down upon it, as 
is heretofore related, killed Du Thet while in the act of 
firing a gun, also some others, compelled the surrender 
of the place, and then destroyed everything they could 
not plunder. Notwithstanding these outrages, Father 
Biard, it is said, guided the invaders to Port Royal, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



71 



which they also reduced. We hear no more of the sur- 
viving three of the Jesuit quartette in the affairs of 

Maine. 

It is an interesting fact that these missionaries, when 
they sailed down the coast of Maine in May, 1613, were 
on their way to Kadesquit, now the site of Bangor, to 
establish their mission. Father Biard had selected the 
very spot during a former journey of his from Fori Royal 
to the Penobscot. The reason for their change of pur- 
pose and detention at Mt. Desert is this prettily told in 
Bryant & Gay's History of the United States: 

Such .1 fog enveloped them off Menans (Grand Manani that they 
had to lie to for two days. When the weather cleared up they saw the 
island which Champlain named Monts Deserts, and which the Indians 
called Penietig, which means "at the head," from its commanding 
position. The lifting fog disclosed Great Head, rising sheer from the 
ocean to bmtress the forests of Green and Newport mountains. On 
their right was the broad sheet of water since called Frenchman's Bay, 
extending far into the land. Into this they gladly sailed and dropped 
anchor inside of Porcupine Island, effected a landing not f.ir from the 
bar which gives its name to a little harbor. There the broad flank of 
Green Mount, with Newport just alongside to make a deep and still 
ravine, greeted the eyes which sea-spray and the fog had filled. Eagle 
Lake lay buried in the forest in front of them, and the wooded slopes 
srretched along to the right as far as they could see. The islands with 
bronzed cliffs to seaward and bases honeycombed by the tide, wore 
sharp crests of fir and pine. The American coast does not supply an- 
other combination so striking as this, of mountains with their feet in 
deep ocean on every side, lifting 2,000 feet of greenery to vie with the 
green of waves ; of inland recesses where brooks run past brown rocks, 
and birds sing woodland songs as if their nests swung in a country re- 
mote from sea-breezes. Delicate ferns fill the moist places of the wood, 
and the sea-anemone opens in the little caverns where the tide leaves a 
pool for them. Nature has scattered the needled cones, of shape so 
perfect, from those of an inch high to the finished tree artfully dis- 
tributed in the open spaces. The Frenchmen hailed this picturesque 
conclusion to their voyage, and named the place and harbor St. Sau- 
veur. 

Several Indian villages were on the island. A smoke rose as a 
signal that the men were observed ; they signalled with another smoke, 
and the natives came to see them. Father Biard had met some of 
them on the Penobscot, and now inquired the way to Kadesquit. They 
answered that their place was better, and so wholesome that sick na- 
tives in the neighboring parts were brought thither to be cured. But 
when Father Biard could not be persuaded, they belied their own sani. 
tary praises, and begged the good father to come and see their saga_ 
more, .-\sticon, who was very sick, and like to die without the sacra- 
ment. This wily stroke prevailed : they took him round to the eastern 
shore of a bay which is now called Somes's .Sound, from a Gloucester 
man who settled there in 1760. Great shell-heaps still indicate the site 
of Asticon's village. He only had an attack of rheumatism ; so the 
father asked the natives to show him the place which they esteemed to 
be so much better than Kadesquit. They took him around the head 
of the Sound, to a grassy slope of twenty or thirty acres, with a stream 
on each side, running down to the tide. The bay was as still as a 
lake ; the black soil fat and fertile, the pretty hill abutting softly on the 
sea and bathed on its sides by two streams, the little islands which 
break the force of waves and wind. 

These islands are the Great and Little Cranberry, and Lancaster's. 
The cliffs rise to a great height, and the water at their base is deep 
enough for any ship to ride a cable's length from the shore. No won- 
der that Father Biard thought no more of Kadesquit. They planted 
the cross, threw up a slight entrenchment, and La Saussaye began to 
plant, for the time was early June. 

Fernald's Point, on the wfttern side of Somes's Sound, 
about two miles from Southwest Harboi, is the spot 
assigned by local tradition as the seat of this first and 
transient mission in Maine. The "little hill" mentioned 
in Father Biard's Relation is, according to Mrs. Clara 
Barnes Martin, author of a capital guide-book for 
Mount Desert, a bold promontory (the Flying Mountain) 



joined to the eastern spur of Dog Mountain by a narrow 
isthmus, on which are Mr. Fernald's pastures. There is 
a spring at high-water mark on each side of the Point, 
and a brook runs from the mountains through the pas- 
ture. The mountains in Biard's day were covered with 
a heavy hard-wood growth, and as the Sound here is 
completely land-locked, the Point and Cove would offer 
the most tempting shelter to the storm-tost missionaries. 
"About half across the isthmus and a little up the hill, 
so as to command the water on either side without losing 
its shelter, are two holes in the ground which are shown 
as the ruins of the Frenchmen's cellars. They are a few 
rods apart, running north and south, ten to twelve feet 
long at present, from two to three feet deep, and of vary- 
ing width." 

Ar PENTAGOET. 

The Castine Peninsula seems next to have been sought 
by the zealous and persevering emissaries of the cross. 
In 1646, according to Father Druillettes, who was at 
Pentagoet this year, a small hospice or monastery of 
Capuchins was in e.\istence there, with Father Ignatius, 
of Paris, as superior. The little community welcoined 
the new comer, says Mr. Parkman, "with the utmost 
cordiality." It is thought, says Da Costa, that this visit 
of Druillettes led to the erection of a new and more 
permanent hospice. This appears to have been put up 
or at least coinmenced in 1648, by the evidence of an 
inscription upon a copper plate found in 1863, near the 
ruins of the brick battery commonly called the Lower 
Fort. It is in Latin, with the words much abbreviated, 
but may be easily translated as follows: 

"1648, January 8. 1, Friar Leo, of Paris, Capu- 
chin Missionary, l.\id this foundation in honor of 
Our L.\dy of Holy Hope." 

No traces of this establishment can be found after the 
next year, when D'Aulnay, the patron of the Capuchins, 
was dispossessed by La Tour. 

Catholic missionaries much frequented this stronghold 
of the wailike Frenchman and religious zealot D'Aulnay, 
about the middle of the seventeenth cenutry. Mr. Wil- 
liamson says that no other place in this Eastern region 
was so much inhabited by them; and further: 

His priesthood, consisting wholly of friars, made the savages believe 
that Catholic rites and ceremonies were the essentials of religion, and 
that the dictates of the missionaries were equivalent to the precepts of 
Divine authority Indulgences and super- 
stitious forms, as allowed by the Jesuits, were altogether more accordant 
with their notions and habits than the self-denying doctrines of restraint 
and the rigid precepts of reform, as taught by the Protestant mission- 
aries. 

During the occupancy at Pentagoet by the Castines, 
and perhaps subseciuently, the Catholic Parish de Saint 
Famille (Parish of the Holy Family) was maintained 
there, with at least one priest in charge. 

F.^THER GABRIEL DRUILLETTES 

afterwards labored among the natives on the Kenebec. 
According to Charlevoix, he was the first Catholic mis- 
sionary to the Canibas Indians, among whom he began 
to reside in 1646. At the same time, says this author, 
" the Capuchin priests had a trading-house and religious 
hospital at Pentagoet." In 1688 



72 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



FATHER VINCENT BIGOT 

was at Penobscot for the purpose, Governor Lincoln says, 
" of gathering the savages into a new village on the lands 
of the king of France and to guard them against the 
efforts of Governor Andros to draw them to the English." 
M. Denonville, in a letter to the French Minister of Ma- 
rine, acknowledged the good offices of the brothers Bigot 
in "the good intelligence" he had preserved with the 
Abcnakis and the success they had reaped in their ex- 
peditions again.st the English. Jaques, the younger 
Bigot, is supposed to have been at this time a missionary 
on the Kennebec* The following is related by Govern- 
or Lincoln of the elder brother, he who was at Penob- 
scot : — 

Charlevoix allc-gcs that Vincent Higot once accompanied the .•\bonakis 
in an expedition against New England, and knowing that on iheir re- 
turn a large party was in purstnt, he endeavored to urge tlieir flight. 
They replied that they did not fear the English, and refused to hasten 
their march. At last they were overtaken hy a force twenty times as 
numerous as their own, and, having placed the missionary in safety, 
they with cool intrepidity engaged in battle, strewed the field with dead 
bodies, and, maintaining the fight the whole day without the loss of a 
man, compelled the enemy to retire. 

These missionaries were of the family of the Barons Bigot; and, 
when we consider that circumstance and compare it with the life of 
more than patriarchal simplicity which Vincent led at the established 
seat of his mission, we shall know how to appreciate the apostolic zeal 
with which he was inspired. Although often among the Abenakis 
of Maine, the place of his residence was at the village of Francois, to 
which the Governor of Canada had attracted many of the alert and 
intrepid warriors of our tribes, to guard the important and central set- 
tlement of Three Rivers from the incursions of the Iroquois. The 
father dwelt among them and devoted his life to their conversion and 
guidance. His domicil was a rude cabin of bark, his bed a bearskin 
si)read upon the earth, his dishes were_ taken from the birch-tree, and 
his food was the sagamite and the game which the savages furnished 
him. 

FATHER THURV 

was a Jesuit priest of great adroitness, and an unceasing 
enemy of the English, who had his mission at Penobscot 
about 1687, when the conquest of Nova Scotia by Sir 
William Phips had pushed the boundary of New Eng- 
land to its present halting-place, the river St. Croi.x. Th^e 
French could not yet attempt the reconquest of the ter- 
ritory, since their inability to defend it had cost them its 
possession; but they could still use the savages, already 
exasperated by the encroachment of the F;nglish, to an- 
noy and perhaps destroy their adversaries. Father 
Thury was a fit agent among the powerful tribes about 
the Penobscot. In 1689 he is said to have called to 
gether the Indians at his chapel, and, with an ajjpearance 
of the deepest sorrow in his face and bearing, to have 
set before them a vivid and e.xciting image of British ag- 
gression in these words : 

My children, when shall the rapacity of the unsparing New En^land- 
ers cease to afflict you? And how long will you suffer your lands^to be 
violated by encroaching heretics? By the religion 1 have taught by the 
liberty you love, I exhort you to resist them. It is time for you to open 
your eyes, which have long been shut ; to rise from your mats and look 
to your arms, and make them once more fight. This land belonged to 
your fathers, long before these wicked men came over the great water ■ 
and are you ready to leave the bones of your ancestors, tliat the cattle 
of heretics may eat grass upon your graves? The Englishmen think 
and say to themselves, "we have many cannon ; we have grown strong 
while the red man has slept; while they are lying in their cabins and do 



' He was pretty certainly there as kite as 1699. 



not see. we will knock them on the head ; we will destroy their women 
and children, and then shall we possess their land without fear, for 
there shall be none left to revenge them. My children, God commands 
you to shake the sleep from your eyes. The hatchet must be cleaned 
of its rust to avenge him of his enemies and to secure to you your 
rights. Night and day a continual prayer shall ascend to him for your 
success ; an unceasing rosary shall be obser\'ed until you return covered 
with the glory of triumph. 

Such an apjieal, to such an audience, could not be 
without tremendous effect. General Lincoln says: "The 
savages were transported with all that fury of which they 
are so susceptible, and a hundred warriors inade a vow 
at the altar to inarch to Pemaquid, and never to return 
until they had driven the English from the fort. They 
e.xecuted the resolution with a sort of pious mania of 
courage, and twenty pieces of cannon were surrendered 
to address and valor, as will be found more accurately 
traced in the history of this tragic event. 

Mr. Williamson adds the following testimony as to 
the aid rendered by religionists of this stamp to Count 
Frontenac, then governor of Canada: 

Fit instruments to effect his purpose were the French missionaries, 
The four or five who were pre-eminent in his service were M. Thury, 
Vincent and Jaques Bigot, and Sebastian Ralle, all of whom were ar- 
dent and bold enthusiasts, always ready, with tearful eye, to preach 
from a text in their creed, that "it is no sin to break faith with heret- 
ics." Thury and Vincent Bigot had been a long time among the Tar- 
ratines, and were well acquainted with their dispositions, language, and 
habits. 

RALI.K, 

sent from France into the French colonies by the society of Jesuits, 
passed about four years among the tribes in the vicinity of Canada! 
and in 1693 chose Norridgewock for his abode, where he dwelt twenty- 
si.'C years. His entire devotion to the religious interests of the Indians 
gave him unlimited ascendancy over them. 

Father Ralle awakened so great an attachment among 
the Indians that the mere attempt of the English under 
Colonel Westbrook to sieze him, at his station at Nor- 
ridgewock in 1722, was the chief exciting cause of the 
three-years' Indian war. He was barbarously killed, 
scalped, and mutilated, August 12, 1724, by Captain 
Moulton's men, in an attack upon Norridgewock. Char- 
levoix says: "Thus died this kind shepherd, giving his 
life for his sheep, after a painful mission of thirty-seven 
years.'' 

ON THE PENOBSCOT. 

By this time Fathers Le Masse, de la Chasse, and 
Lauverjat, had become missionaries to the Indians on 
the great central river of "Mavooshen." According to 
Greenleafs Sketches of the Ecclesiastical History of the 
State of Maine, published in 1821, the Catholic mission- 
aries very early pushed their enterprises up the Penob- 
scot. He says: 

.Some time in the reign of Louis XIV. of Fiance [about 1700] a 
French architect came over from that country and erected a place for 
public worship in Indian Old Town, an island in the Penobscot above 
the head of tide-waters, which was then and still is considered the 
headquarters of the Penobscot tribe. This church was burnt by the 
Anglo-Americans in the old French war [in 1757], because the Indians 
adhered to the French, to whom they have ever been friendly; and it is 
said that the goveinor or king of this tribe wears to this day, as a 
badge of honor, a medal with the likeness of Louis XIV. 

At the period of the Revolution the Catholic mission- 
ary on the Penobscot was Father Juniper Bathmaine. 
Then, from Boston in 1762, came the Reverend Father 
Anthony Matignon. His successors have been, in order 



I 




WJ'i/i^\ 



Vi^^Ui'C^ 



HISTORY OF I'ENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



73 



the Right Rev. Bishop (afterwards Cardinal) Cheverus 
and James Romagne, the Rev. Father Stephen Caril- 
leaux, a native of Paris; Father Dennis Ryan, who had 
been ordained by Bishop Cheverus in 1818; Fathers 
Basset, O'Brien (now of St. Mary's, Bangor), and others. 
The Indians on the Penobscot reservation have never 
been self-supporting in their religious services, and the 
State appropriates but one hundred dollars per annum 
for the sustenance of their priest; so that the work 
among them still partakes largely of a missionary char- 
acter. Of late years, as has been noticed, a convent of 
the Community of Sisters of Mercy has also been located 
upon Oldtown island. 

FATHER ROMAGNE. 

For a score of years, during the latter part of the Inst 
century and the fore part of this, the Catholic interests 
among the Passama(iuoddy and Penobscot Indians were 
served by M. Romagne, a French priest. Governor Lin- 
coln says of him: 

He became acquainted wilh their language so as to be 'able to con- 
verse in it, and the affectionate remembrance in which he is lield by 
them is proof of the discreet manner in which he conducted towards 
them. He is spolien of as having been a faithful missionary and a man 
of unspotted life. He has been succeeded by various occasional in- 
structors, eiich of whom has discharged his duty in a manner to com- 
mand respect even from those who have, perhaps, some of the prejudices 
against his doctrines, and to be very useful to the savages. During the 
term of his visit among the Penobsccts he lives in their village, in a 
small teneiTient prepared and kept for the purpose, and devotes himself 
to adjusting the balance of sin and repentance, to dealing out salutary 
admonitions, :Mid to performing the rites of his church and the func- 
tions of his office among his pupils. 

Father Roniagne returned to France in 1819. Nar- 
rowing gradually to the Penobscot country, we have not 
included notices of the later missionaries to the Passama- 
quoddy Indians, who have been at least C(iually self-sac- 
rificing and laborious. 

Of the general usefulness of the missionary element 
in the colonization of the country, notwithstanding the 
attachment of the early emissaries to the cause of France, 
there can be no reasonable question. They undoubtedly 
uplifted and purified, to some extent, the savage nature. 
.Mr. Williamson says of the labors of Hiard, Masse, 
Druillettes, the Bigots, Rallc, ami tiic rest among the 
.Vbenakis and Ftchemins : 

They effected great changes in the views antl practices of the natives. 
The Powows lost their influence, and came to an utter end. Supersti- 
tious rites and rituals, blended witli endeavors to inculcate and deepen 
the moral sense and to encourage religious worship, becoming estab- 
lished, are still extant among the remnants of the tribes. But neither 
their morals, manners, or virtues, liave undergone any very extensive 
t)r real improvements. 

AN'ith the following poetic touch from the pen of our 
own \\'hittier, in his poem of -Mogg Megone, we close this 
rapid sketch: 

A rude and unshapely chapel stands. 

Built up it: th.at wild by unskilled hands; 
Yet the traveller knows it a place of prayer. 
For the holy sign of the cross is there; 
And should he chance at that place to be 

Of a Sabbath morn, or some hallowed day 
When prayers are made and masses are said. 

Some for the living .and some for the dead, 
Well might that traveller start to see 

The tall , dark forms that lake their way 



From the birch canoe, on the river-shore, 

."Knd the foiest paths to that chapel door; 
And marvel to mark the naked knees 

.'\nd the dusky forehead bending there, 
Wliile in coarse, white vesture, over these, 

In blessing or in prayer. 
Stretching abnjad his thin, |>ale hands. 

Like a shrouiled host, the Jesuit stands. 



CH.\PTER YII. 

COUNTY ORGANIZATION— CIVIL LIST, 

Yorkshire— Lincoln County — Hancock County— Penobscot County — 
Its First Officers— The County Buildings— The Civil List of Penob- 
scot — Hannibal Hamlin — Representatives in Congress — Governors of 
the State — Supreme Judicial Court — Presidents of the Senate — .Secre- 
retaries of the Senate — Speakers of the House of Representatives — 
Clerks of the House— Secretary of State— State Treasurer— Attorney- 
Generals — .'Xdjutant-Generals — State Land Agents — The Courts and 
their Officers— County Clerks — Sheriffs— Registers of Deeds— Treas- 
urers — County .Attorneys. 

The ancient and obsolete counties, — of Canada, Corn- 
wall, and the rest, if any — which were practically un- 
known in the affairs of Penobscot county, although nomi- 
nally covering its present territory, have received sufficient 
attention in previous chajjters. 

YORKSHIRE. 

The first county organization that takes hold u])on the 
modern history of Maine, those of which the present 
York and Somerset counties are lineal successors, were 
the districts or counties of York and Somerset, or New 
Somerset, the former of which is commonly known in 
early annals as Yorkshire. Sir Ferdinando Gorges, or- 
ganizing his province between the Piscataqua and the 
Kennebec, under his patent of February 3, 1635, had 
established his government under the name of New 
Somersetshire. When, four years later, April 3, 1639^ 
he received a charter from Charles 1. his territory and its 
inhabitants were erected into a body politic by the title 
of the Province or C'ounty of Maine, commonly called 
the Province of Maine. The next year a division cf 
this was made upon the river Kennebunk, into two dis- 
tricts or counties, called respectively "West" and "East," 
but which came in tiine to be known by the names be- 
tbre given. In 1652, upon the submission of the people 
of Kittery and Agamenticus to the authority of Massa 
chusetts, one of the conditions of the submission was 
that the Isles of Shoals and all the territory northward 
and eastward belonging to Massacliusetts — that is, below 
the parallel of 43' 43' 12" — should form a county called 
Yorkshire. The borough bearing the aboriginal name of 
Agamenticus, which had been made by Gorges an exten- 
sive city (on paper), named from himself Georgeana, 
was at the same time made a town by the name of York, 
the second town created in the Slate, and was continued 
as the shire-town. 

The Court of Common Pleas, which was organized in 
the county the next year, was steadily maintained until 



74 



HISTORY OF ri:MOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the separation of the District of Maine from Massachu- 
setts in 1819. 

In 1 69 1 the provincial charter granted by ^Villiam and 
Mary to the Royal Province of Massachusetts, extended 
the country and so practically the County of Yorkshire, 
to the river St. Croi.\ or the confines of Nova Scotia. 

In 17 16, however, the General Court of .Massachusetts 
formally attached to the county of Yorkshire, which 
theretofore had embraced strictly only the old Province 
of Maine, "all the families and settlements eastward of 
Sagadahock" — and of course within these the Penobscot 
country. \'orkshire county was, in fact, now legally ex- 
tended to the St. Croix. \'ork was retained as the shire- 
town for this great county. In 1735 the county had nine 
towns, and sustained a levy of ^,46, 7 shillings, and 2 
pence, or nearly one-twentieth of the entire assessment 
u[)()n the counties of Massachusetts liay. 

LINCOT.N COUNTY. 

The county of York, or Yorkshire, embracing the 
whole of the present .State of Maine, remained in exist- 
ence for nearly a century and a quarter from the organi- 
zation under Corges. Before 1760 a subdivision of the 
county had been called for by the growth of the popula- 
tion eastward; and directly after the reduction of Que- 
bec by the English the agitation was renewed, and a pe- 
tition was presented to the General Court at the opening 
of the January session, which "enumerated the incon- 
veniences arising from the establishment of the courts 
and the jjublic offices in the corner of the county, where 
all the jury trials were, except a few of a minor class, 
which were tried at a single term of the Inferior Court 
each year, at Falmouth; and prayed that the county 
might be divided, a new one erected, and that [Falmouth] 
appointed a shiretown, in which, it was said, a good 
court-house and a sufficient goal were already finished.'' 
A counter memorial was ])resenteil by the Plyjuouth |)ro- 
prietors, asking that the eastern ]iart of the .Maine settle- 
ments might form a separate coimty, with the shire-town 
at Pownalborough. \'ork county was accordingly cut 
down to very narrow limits, (-omparatively ; anil two 
new counties were erected by an act of June 19, 1760, 
called, respectively, Cumberland and Lincoln. The lat- 
ter included the Penobscot valley in its extensive terri- 
tory, which embraced the whole of the Maine coimtry 
from Nova Scotia to the east line of Cumberland county, 
namely "the eastern shores of New Meadow's river to 
Stevens's carrying-place at its head; thence to and upon 
Merrymeeting Bay and the river Androscoggin thirty 
miles; and thence north two degrees on a true course to 
the utmost northern limits of the Province." It was a 
vast, and, except for a thin fringe Cf settlement along the 
seaboard, a wilderness county. Pow'nal borough, a large 
town in ])oint of territory, covering the later site of VVis- 
casset and tw^o other towns, which had first been incor- 
porated and named in honor of Governor Pownall, was 
made the seal of justice for the new county. 

In 17O4, by a rather loose census, ordered by the 
liritish Lords of Trade, Lincoln county exhibited a pop- 
Jation of 4,347. No jilaces nearer to the jiresent Pe- 
nobscot county are mentioned in this return, than 



Broadbay, Georgekeag, and Meduncook (now Thomas- 
ton, \\'arren, and Friendship). These together num- 
bered, probably by estimation, but 200 souls. 

HANCOCK COUNTY. 

Thirty years more (lassed, while the grand army of 
civilization was slowly, but surely, on the march. The 
tide of emigration had swept with the sea tides ui) the 
Penobscot and every great river of Maine, and the be- 
ginnings of many a jjrosjjerous city had been made by 
the sea. The time had come for another subdivision in 
Eastern Maine; and the (General Court, by act of June 
25, 1789, carved two new counties out of the trans- 
Penobscot part of Lincoln. These were fitly named, in 
the freshness and fervor of patriotic memories, Washing- 
ton and Hancock. The act went into effect May i, 
1790. Mr. Williamson thus defines the boundaries of 
these counties: 

The divisional liiu* between Lincoln and tiancock, commencing on 
the margin of i'enohseot bay. al ihe northea.sl corner of Camden, pro- 
ceeded westerly in the upper line of Ihat town to its corner; thence 
northerly to the north limit of the Waldo patent, and thence north to 
tlic Highlands.; leaving to Lincoln the seacoast tjetween New Meadows 
and l\'nobscot Uays. and all the opposite islands. 

Tlie dividing line between I-Iancock and Washington commenced at 
tile head of Goldsborongh river, east branch, and proceeded to the 
southeast corner of township number si.Klecn, and thence due north to 
the Highlands. The eastern boundary of Washington county was 
drawn l)y the river St. Croi.x, and thence north so as to include all the 
lands within tlie Commonvvealth eastward of Hancock. 

Both counties were Ijoiuided on the nortli Ijy the utmost northern 
limits of the State, and to each county were annexed all the opposite 
islands. 

The whole of the present IVnobscot county, except a 
part of the western lower i)art, was in Hancock county. 

Penobscot, since Castine, was made the shire-town of 
Hancock county. 'In 1814, Bangor, to accommodate 
the northern part of the settlements in the county, was 
made half-shire-town with Castine, with regular courts 
and registry of deeds thereat, and remained such until 
the erection of Penobscot county. 

The first county officers in Hancock were: Paul D. 
Sargent, of Sullivan, William Vinal, of Yinalhaven, and 
Oliver Parker, of Penul)s( ut, 'Jiulges of the C^ourt of 
Common Pleas; Paul 1). Sargent, also Judge of Probate; 
Jonathan Fxldy, of Penobscot, Register of Probate; 
Simeon Fowler, of Orrington, County Treasurer; Thomas 
I'hillips, Clerk; Richard Hunnewell, of Penobscot, 
Sheriff; William Webber, of the same. Register of 
Deeds. 

Hancock couiuy in 1798, according to Morse's .Xmer- 
ican Gazetteer of that date, was a large maritime county 
of the District of Maine, bounded north by Lower Can- 
ada, south by the ocean, east by Washington county, 
and west by Lincoln county. It was 190 miles long 
from north to south, and nearly 60 broad; thus having 
an area of 10,500 square miles, or almost one-third of 
the entire area of Maine, being a tract larger than Ver- 
mont, New^ Hampshire, or Massachusetts. It contained 
twenty-four townships and j)lantations, "of which Penob- 
scot and Castine are the chief" In 1790 it had a pop- 
ulation of 9,549. A great part of the county, it was 
hardly necessary to state, was still imsettled, the popula- 
tion not yet reaching one |)erson to the square mile. 



■y^kA 







.4 




■■■''' ll£'.| WATERWORKS. 

^^ ^ ici iiJ y iisil y ^•■H-'-i ' 

=v PiFM rni ^ rt=^! -^ f^ IJi f^ ^ . a;4^' 

.:;| ^ ^ jd jy liJ aJ (II --^..^ 

"fls^aaa :fri 






v"r'i'<;^ 







'^'. 




View of Water Works anb Public Buildings, Baingor, Maine. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



75 



"The towns along the sea-coast, and on the banks of 
Penobscot and Union rivers, are the most fertile and 
populous." Castine was the shire-town or county seat. 
The population of Hancock county, by the first Federal 
census, taken the year of its erection, was 9,549. Ban- 
gor and adjacent places had 567; Brewer, with Orring- 
ton and adjacent places, 477 ; and Eddington, 110. In 
1 814 the county had 6,852 rateable polls, or about two- 
fifteenths of all in the State; with a valuation of $168,- 
973.13, and a ratio of $26.08 in the $r,ooo. 

PENOBSCOT COUNTY. 

The first county to be cut out of the immense tract of 
Hancock, and the ninth and last to be formed in the 
District of Maine before the separation from Massachus- 
etts, w'as the county of Penobscot. It was incorporated 
by act of the Massachusetts Legislature F'ebruary 15, 
1816,. the law taking effect April ist next following. It 
simply embraced all the northern part of Hancock, from 
north line of Frankfort and Bucksport to the Canada 
boundary. Bangor, already, as has been noticed, a half- 
shire town with Castine, was made the county seat; but 
all matters cognizable by the Supreme Court and arising 
in the new county, were still to be tried at Castine, and 
the jail of Hancock county was to be used in common 
with Penobscot for the term of three years. 

The name of this county, according to Judge Godfey, 
was reported by the French in si.Nty different ways, dur- 
ing their occupancy to 1664. The principal was Pana- 
wanskake. The English — that is, the new Plymouth 
colonists — caught the word Penobscot, by which it was 
known as early as 1626. The Indian name was Penob- 
skeag, or Penobscook, suggested by the rocky falls just 
above Bangor — Penobsg (rock), uteral (a place) — a rocky 
place. In another dialect, Penopse (stone), anke 
(place) — the rock river. According to Mr. Springer au- 
thor of the entertaining book on Forest Life and Forest 
Trees, Penobscot, or Penobskeag, was the name of only 
that part of the river from the head of tide-w-ater above 
Oldtown. Below that section, he says, the stream was 
called Baum-tu-quai-took, the broad river, or "all waters 
united." Still another division of the river was called 
Gim sit-i-cook, smooth or dead water. ]!ut whatever the 
origin of the name, or however it may have been aj)- 
plied, the designation of the great and beautiful river, or 
of some part of it, was fitly transferred to the new- 
county. 

The first corps of county officers for Penobscot were 
Samuel E. Dutton, of Bangor, Judge of Probate; Allen 
Gilman, one of the earliest lawyers in that place, Regis- 
ter of Probate; Jacob McGaw, another of the pioneer 
lawyers, County Attorney; Thomas Cobb, also of Ban- 
gor, Clerk of the Courts; Jedediah Herrick, of Hamp- 
den, Sheriff; John Wilkins, of Orrington, Register of 
Deeds and County Treasurer. As late as 1834 the salary 
attaching to the first of these ofifices was but $150, and 
the Register of Probate received but $324 as salary. 

THE FIRST COURT-HOUSE 

occupied by the new county was the frame building now 
owned by the city of Bangor, occupied as a city hall. 



and standing on Columbia street, near Hammond, and 
nearly opposite the present court-house. It had been 
built, the tradition goes, in 181 2-13, although Bangor 
was not made a half-shire town with Castine until 18 14. 
The old structure has changed somewhat in appearance, 
having been removed to its present site, remodeled and 
repaired in 1850. It formerly stood upon the adjacent 
lot nearer Hammond street, and fronted upon Main 
street, or toward West Market S<[uare. In it many 
of the British troops were quartered during their brief 
occupation of Bangor in 1814. It was occupied as 
the county court-house, as well as somewhat for relig- 
ious purposes before church edifices were put up 
here, until 1831, when the present temple of justice 
and official business, upon the site now occupied 
on Hammond street, between Court and Franklin, 
was erected at a cost of twenty thousand dollars. 
In 1859 the county bought from the city a part of 
the street in the rear of the court-house premises, about 
ten thousand square feet in all, for the sum of two thou- 
sand dollars. In 1858-59 the new jail, with Sheriff's 
residence attached, was put up at an expense of one 
hundred thousand dollars; and the county work-shop, 
west of the jail proper, a rather novel and most com- 
mendable institution, in 1875, costing twenty thousand 
dollars. 

CH.VNGES IN THE COUNTY.* 

The town of Corinna was not in the original assign- 
ment to Penobscot county. By an act of February 10, 
1833, it was set off from Somerset, and annexed to this 
county. 

March 23, 1838, Piscataquis county was incorporated, 
taking to the north line of it, then the State boundary, 
three ranges from Somerset county and, as may be 
stated with approximate accuracy, four ranges north of 
the line of Penobscot towns beginning with Dexter, from 
this county. 

March i6, 1839, upon the erection of Aroostook 
county, Penobscot sustained the further loss of so much 
of the third, fourth and fifth ranges as lay north 
of Mattawamkeag, Kingman, and Drew Plantation. 
Later, March 21, 1843, a further cession was made to 
Aroostook of so much of the territory of Penobscot as 
lay in ranges six, seven and eight, north of the townships 
numbered eight. It may be noted also that the next 
year, March 12, 1844, all tlie former possession of this 
county north of the same line, but then in Piscataquis, 
was annexed to Aroostook, with enough more from the 
old tract of Somerset to make about sixty townships. By 
the same act the division lines between Penobscot and 
Washington and between Penobscot and Piscataquis, 
and Aroostook, were altered. 

There has been no further subtraction from the Penob- 
scot area since the Aroostook annexation of 1843. Had 
the British succeeded in establishing the boundary line 
they claimed under the treaty of 1783, it would have 
cut off about the equivalent of three townships from the 

* The several acts of the legislature relating to the erection of the 
county and cliange of its area, will be found in the .Appendi.x. 



76 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



present n<jrlhcrn part of tlic county, and very much more 
as the county lay at the time the claim was pressed. 

THE CIVIL LIST. 

Penobscot county has contributed her full share to the 
roll of civil and well as n>ilitary honor in the Pine-tree 
State. Her sons have done grand service to the Nation 
and the Commonwealth, through more than two genera- 
tions. We give a civil list as nearly complete as possible: 

Hannibal Hamlin, Speaker of the Maine Hou.se of 
Representatives 1837 and 1839; Representative in Con. 
grass, 1843-47; Senator of the United States, 1857-61^ 
and 1869-81 ; Governor of the State, 1858; Vice-President 
of the United States, 1861-65. 

KEPRESKNTATIVES IN CONCJRESS. 

William I). Williamson, of Bangor, 1821-23; Samuel 
Butnarn, Di.xmont, 1827-30; (lorham Parks, Bangor, 
•^33-37; Elisha H. Allen, Bangor, 1841-43 (now Chan- 
cellor of the Sandwich Islands and their Minister to the 
United States); Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden, 1843-47; 
Charles Stetson, iJangor, 1849-51; Israel AVasliburn, jr., 
Orono, 1851-60; John A. Peters, Bangor, 1867-73; 
Samuel F. Hersey, Bangor, 1873-75; Harris M. Plais- 
ted, 1875-77; George W. Ladd, 1879-83. 

GOVERNORS OF THE STATE. 

\\illiam I). Williamson, Bangor, (acting,) 1821; Ed- 
ward Kent, Bangor, 1838 and 1840; Hannibal Hamlin, 
Hampden, 1857; Israel Washburn, jr., Orono, 1861- 
62; Daniel F. Davis, Corinth, 1880; Harris M. Plaisted, 
Bangor, 1881. Penobscot county has thus furnished 
about one-fifth of the Governors of Maine. 

SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. 

This was established here October 2, 182 1. Present at 
this first session: Prentiss Mellen, of Portland, Chief 
Justice; William Pitt Preble, and Nathan Weston, jr., 
Associate Justices; Isaac Hodsdon, of Bangor, Clerk J 
Josiah Brewer, of Brewer, Crier; George W. Brown, of 
Bangor, Foreman of Grand Jury; Nathaniel Burrill, 
Foreman of Traverse Jury, first panel; Daniel \\'ilkins, 
I'oreman of the second panel. The first actions were 
those transferred from the Supreme Judicial Court held 
at Castine, June term, 1821. 

John Appleton, Bangor, Associate Justice May 11, 
1852, to October 24, 1862, and Chief Justice since the 
latter date; Joshua \V. Hathaway, Bangor, May 11, 
1852, to May 10, 1859; Jonas Cutting, Bangor, Apri] 
20, 1854; reappointed .'\i)iil 20, 1861, and April 20, 
1868, served till 1869; Edward Kent, Bangor, May 11, 
1859; reappointed May 11, 1866, served till 1S73; John 
A. Peters, Bangor, May 20, 1873; reappointed May 20, 
1880, and now serving. 

Reporters of the Court. — John A])])lcton, Hangor, 
March 5, 1841, to January 22, 1842 (volumes 19 and 20 
of the decisions). 

■ST.VrE OFFICES.* 

Presidents of the Senate.— William D. Williamson, 
Bangor, 182 1; Samuel H. Blake, Bangor, 1842; Samuel 



* The roll of Stale Senators and Representatives from Penobseot 
county lias necessarily to be postponed to the Ajjpendix. 



Butman, Dixmont, 1853; Franklin Muzzy, Bangor, 1855; 
Josiah Crosby, Dexter, 1S68: Charles Buffum, Orono, 
1 871; John B. Foster, Bangor, 1873. 

Secretaries of the Senate. — Daniel Sanborn, Bangor, 
1 841; Ezra C. Brett, Oldtown, 1863. 

Speakers of the House. — Hannibal Hamlin, Hamp- 
den, 1837 and 1839; Elisha H. Allen, Bangor, 1838; 
George P. Sewall, Oldtown, 1851; Lewis Barker, Stet- 
son, 1867; FMward Ix Nealley, Bangor, 1877; Henry 
Lord, Hangor, 1878. 

Clerks of the House. — Thomas McGaw, Bangor, 
1831; ¥.. W. Flagg, Bangor, 1849; George W. Wilcox, 
Dixmont, 1857; S. J. Chadbourne, East Dixmont, 1868. 

Secretary of State. — S. J. Chadbourne, East Dixmont, 
1876. 

State Treasurer. — Silas C. Hatch, Bangor, 1874. 

Attorney-Generals. — Jonathan P. Rogers, Bangor, 1832; 
Samuel H. Blake, Bangor, 1848; G. W. Ingersoll, Ban- 
gor, 1850; John A. Peters, Bangor, 1864; Harris M. 
Plaisted, Bangor, 1873. 

Adjutant-Generals. — Isaac Hodsdon, Bangor, 1841; 
Albert Tracy, Bangor, 1852; John L. Hodsdon, Bangor, 
1861-66; Melville M. Folson, Oldtown (acting), 1879. 

Land Agents. — John Hodsdon, Bangor, 1834-47, 
Elijah L. Hairilin, Bangor, 1838 and 1841; Levi Bradley, 
Levant, 1842; Isaac R. Clark, Bangor, 1855, 1864-67, 
and 1S79; James Walker, Bangor, 1856; Noah Barker, 
Exeter, 1857; Edwin C. Burleigh, Bangor, 1876-77. 

JUDGES OF THE COMMON PLEAS. 

The Circuit Court of Common Pleas, for the third 
Eastern District, was established July 2, 18 16. William 
Crosby, of Belfast, presided as Chief Justice; Martin 
Kinsley, of Hampden, Justice; Thomas Cobb, Clerk; 
James Poor, of Brewer, Crier. David Perham, of Brewer, 
afterwards of Bangor, was presiding Justice from 1823 to 
1839. 

William Crosby, Chief Justice, presided to 1822; Eze- 
kiel Whitman, of Portland, Chief Justice in 1S26, '31, 
'32, and 34; James Campbell, November, 1816; Sam- 
uel E. Smith, 1S24-30; John Huggles, of Thomaston, 
1 83 1 -34, presided as Justices. 

This Court was abolished May 12, 1839, and the Dis- 
trict Court for the Eastern District was established, May 
28, 1839. Anson G. Chandler and Frederic H. Allen, 
were the Justices; Charles Stetson, Clerk; Charles C. 
Cushman, County Attorney; J. Wingate Carr, Sheriff. 

The following Justices have presided: — Anson G. 
Chandler, 1839-43; Frederic H. Allen, of Bangor, 
1839-49; Daniel Goodenow, 1847; Joshua W. Hatha- 
way, of Bangor, 1849-52. This Court was abolished 
in 1852, and all law business is transacted in the Su- 
preme Judicial Court. 

The Circuit Court of Common Pleas for the third 
Eastern District, established July 2, 18 16, and sitting as 
a Court of Session.s, held their first session in Bangor on 
that day. Present : William Crosby, of Belfast, Chief 
Justice; Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, Justice; Moses 
Patten, of Bangor, and Moses Greenleaf, of Williams- 
burg, Session Justices; Thomas Cobb, Clerk. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



77 



Chief Justices of this Court. — Enoch Brown, 1S19-22; 
John Godfrey, 1S23-24 ; .Xnios Patten, 1825-26; Ed- 
ward Kent, 1827-28; Thomas A. Hill, 1S29-30; all of 
Bangor. 

Associate Justices. — Isaac Hodsdon, 1820-21 ; and 
Seba French, 1821-31, of Bangor; Ephraim (loodale, 
of Orrington, 1821-31 ; and Joseph Kelsey, 1831. 
The last session of this Court was held .\|iril 5, 1831. 

THE PROBATE COURT 

is held on the last Tuesday in each month. 

Judges. Samuel E. Button, 1816-19; David Par- 
ham, 1820-21; Martin Kinsley, 1822-23; William D. 
Williamson, 1S24-39; Samuel Cony, 1840-46; E.G. 
Rawson, 1847-53; Daniel Sanborn, 1854-56; John E. 
Godfrey, 1S57-80; Elliot Walker, 1881. 

Registers. — Allen Gilman, 1816-19; Alexander Sav- 
age, 1820-35; Mason S. Palmer, 1836-40; Henry V. 
Poor, 1841 ; John Williams, 1842-49 ; Joseph Bartlett, 
1857-68; Ambrose C. Flint, 1869-78; John F. Robin- 
son, 1879. 

THE COURT OK COUNTV COMMISSIONERS 

was established in 1831, and held its first session Sep- 
tember 3, 1831. Thom.as A. Hill, Chairman. This 
Court has held its sessions four terms each year, quar- 
terly, with an adjourned session on the first Tuesday of 
each month, from that time to the present. Its chief 
business now relates to roads, bridges, and ferries. The 
clerk is the County Clerk of the Courts.* 

COUNTY OFFICERS. 

The officers of the county are the Commissioners, 
Clerk of the Courts, County Attorney, Register of 
Deeds, Treasurer, Sheriff, and Jailor, Deputy Sheriffs, 
Coroners, Judge of Probate, and Register of Probate. 

County Clerks : Thomas Cobb, 1816-20; (Mr. Cobb 
was Clerk from 1802, in Hancock and this county). 
Isaac Hodsdon, 1821-37; Charles Stetson, 1S38-41 ; 
Isaac S. ^Vhitman, 1841-42 ; William T. Hilliard, 1842- 
52; Nathan Weston, jr., 1853-58; Augustus S. French, 
1859-64: Ezra C. Brett, 1865 76 ; James H. Burgess, 
1877-79; Ruel Smith, 1880. 

Sheriffs; Daniel \\'ilkins, 1829-36; Joshua Carpen- 
ter, 1836-37; Otis Small, 1837-38; J. Wingate Carr, 
1838-39 and '41 ; Hastings Strickland, 1839-40 and 42-43; 
Jabez True, 1843-50; John S. Chadwick, 1850-53, and 
'61-64; Francis W. Hill, 1853-54; Charles D. Gilmore, 
1854-55. and 1857-60; John H. Wilson, 1855-56, and 
1865-74; Simon G. Jerard, 1875-78; Louis F. .Stratton, 
1879. 

Registers of Deeds : John Wilkins, 1S14-24: Charles 
Rice, 1825-31; Stevens Davis, 183234; Jefferson 
Chamberlain, 1842-57; John Goodale, jr., 1858-67; 
Amos E. Hardy, 1868. 

County Treasurers : John Wilkins, 1S17-26; Charles 
Rice, 1826-31; Levi Bradley, 1832-37; Abner Taylor, 



* The .ibove notes, concerning the courts and their ofticers. are con- 
tributed by E. F. Duren, esq., of Bangor, We add that the first ses- 
sion of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, in Bangor, began Octo- 
ber 2, 1821, and held for five days. Justices Mellen, Weston, and 
Preble were then on the Supreme Bench, 



1837-38; Isaac C. Haynes, 1838-45; John S. Chadwick, 
1845-5°; Edward H. Burr, 1850-53; Thomas A. Tay- 
lor, 1S53-54; Ambrose C. Flint, 1854-69; Horace J, 
Nickerson, 1S70-78; Levi Bradley, 1879-80; Miner D, 
Chapman, 1881. 

County .'\ttorneys : John Godfrey, 1825.33 ; Albert 
G. Jewett, 1833-38; William H, McCrillis, 1838-39; 
Charles C. Cushman, 1839-42 ; George B. Moody, 1841- 
42; Gorham Parks, 1843-45 ; Lsaiah Waterhouse, 1846- 
51 ; .\sa Waterhouse, 1852 ; John H, Hilliard, 1856-58; 
Charles Crosby, 1859-61; Charles P. Stetson, 1862-73; 
Jasper Hutchings, 1874-79; Benj.imin H. Mace, 1880. 



CHAPTER Vm. 

LAND TITLES-GROWTH. 



The Muscongus or Waldo Patent— The Twelve Townships Grant— 
Mt. Desert— Grant to Soldiers, East of Union River— Eddinglon— 
The Eastern Lands— Grants "for the Encouragement of Literature" 
— Oiiginal Proprietorship in Penobscot County— The Lottery Lands 
—Division of Lands between Maine and Massachusetts— Growth of 
the County — Dates of Settlement of the Towns— Statistics of Pop- 
ulation—Comparative View from 1790 to 1880— Statistics of Ta.\- 
ation, Wealth, Business, etc. — The Shipping Interest — The First 
Steamboat — The Lumber Interest — The Ice Industry. 

THE MUSCONGUS P.\TENT. 

The first subdivision of lands in Maine, aflfecting the 
Penobscot country, was under the Muscongus or Waldo 
patent, granted by the Plymouth Council, March 2, 1630, 
to Bealichamp and Leverett, of Boston, in England, and, 
nearly a century afterwards, taking the name of the Waldo 
patent, from the family designation of its then principal 
proprietors. It included about one million of acres, or 
thirty miles square, and was not made for immediate 
purposes of sale, settlement, or civil government, but 
solely to secure to the grantees a monopoly of the trade 
in that quarter with the Indians, whose consent to the 
grant or cession of the lands does not seem to have been 
considered as in any way necessary. The original sur- 
vey of the patent, probably, did not enter at any point 
the present Penobscot county; at all events, the north 
line of the Patent was subsequently settled as being upon 

the south line of this county west of the Penobscot 

that is, upon the boundary of Hampden, Newburg and 
Dixmont. In 1785 the Government proposed to the 
Waldo proprietors that the thirty-mile tract should be 
surveyed and set aiiart for them, if they would quiet the 
titles of all settlers found upon it, who were in possession 
before April 19, 1775, and execute a release to all other 
lands they claimed under the patent. The proposal was 
accepted; but the survey made ran so far to the west as 
to include several townships held under the Plymouth 
Patent. A re-survey became necessary, and was ordered 
February 23, 1798. Thomas Davis was appointed agent 
of the Government, to assign to the Waldo proprietors a 
tract above the north line of their territory equal to that 
they had lost by the re-survey. He selected for them 
four townships now among the most valuable in this 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



county, reserving only the lots of settlers already upon 
them. They were Bangor, 18,740 acres; Hampden, 
22,188; Harmon, 24,360; and Newhurg, 17,497—84,- 
785 acres in all. To this e.xlent, then, the county of 
I'enobscot may be held to have been in some sense 
within the Waldo Patent. The assignment to the pro- 
prietors was made February 5, 1800. About 3,200 acres 
from these townships afterwards reverted to the (lovern- 
ment, and were divided between Maine and Massachus- 
etts in the arrangement of May 21, 1828. 

IHK TWELVK TOWNSHIPS. 

In 1762, the settlements about Penobscot, and to the 
east of it, multiplying somewhat rapidly under the in- 
creased feeling of security produced by the erection of 
Fort Pownall, many petitions were sent to the Provincial 
authorities for the concession of lands. Twelve town- 
ships, each to be six miles square, or its equivalent, were 
accordingly granted by the General Court, in the expec- 
tation that the Crown would confirm the grant. The 
townships were to be laid out east of the Penobscot 
River, in a regular contiguous manner. Six of them fell 
upon the cast side of Union River, which took its name 
as the line of meeting for the halves of the grants, the 
other six townships lying between it and the St. Croix. 
The former six were granted to David Marsh and 359 
others named in the patents; the latter to several 
bodies of petitioners. Mr. Williamson gives the follow- 
ing account of the conditions of the grant: 

These grantees, as voluntary associates and tenants in common, 
individually bound themselves, their heirs and assign.s, in a penal bond 
of ^50, conditioned to lay out no one of the townships more than si.v 
miles in extent, on the bank of the Penobscot or on the scacoast; to 
picsent to the General Court for their acceptance plans of the survey 
by the 3rst of the ensuing July; to settle each township with si.\ty 
I'rotestant families within six years, after obtaining the King's appro- 
bation, and build as many dwelling-houses, at least eighteen feet 
square; also to ht for tillage three hundred acres of land, erect a meet- 
ing-house, and settle a minister. There were reserved in each township 
one lot for parsonage purposes, another for the first settled minister, a 
third for Harvard college, and a fourth for the use of schools. 

In these and all other conveyances of the Crown lands lying between 
Sagadahock and St. Croix, the patents or deeds were signed by the 
Cjovernor and Speaker, countersigned by the Provincial Secretary and 
conditioned, according to the restrictive clause in the charter, to be 
valid whenever they were confirmed by the King — othenvise without 
effect. The names also of the patentees were inserted, the boundaries 
described, and the conditions expressed; each ])atent closing with a 
proviso that the grantee "yield one-fifth part of all the gold and silver 
ore and precious .stones found therein. " 

In a narrative of certain well-known military events 
upon the Castine peninsula in 1779, dated 17S1, and 
entitled Siege of Penobscot by the Rebel.s, with an Ac- 
count of the Country of Penobscot, by John Calef, vol- 
unteer, we find the following record of these townshi[)s, 
with some notes of progress: 

At the end of the last w.u-, viz., in 1763, the (Jeneral .Assembly of 
Massachusetts Bay granted thirteen tow nships, each of six miles square, 
lying on the cast side of I'enobscot river, to thirteen companies of jjro- 
prietors, who proceeded to lay out the said townships, and returned 
plans thereof to the General Assembly, which were approved and ac- 
cepted. In consequence of this measure, about sixty families settled 
on each township, and made great improvements of the land. 

The settlers employed the then agent for the said Province at the 
Court of Great liritain, to solicit the royal approbation of those grants, 
and in the year 1773 as also in the last year (1780) they sent an agent 
expressly on their own account for the [same purpose, and further to 



pray that his Majesty would be graciously plctsed to sever that District 
from the Province of Massachusetts Bay and erect it into a Government 
under the authority of the Crown; which solicitation has hitherto, how- 
ever, been without effect. 

In October, 1772, there were in this District forty-two towns and 
2,638 families, who have since greatly increased, at least in the propor- 
tion of one-fourth, which is 559 families, making in the whole 3.297 
families. Reckoning, then, five souls to each family (which is a moder- 
ate computation!, there are now 16,485 souls. 

To lliis new country the Loyalists resort with their families (last sum- 
mer, in particular, a great number of families weri' preparing to remove 
thither) from the New l-".ngland provinces, and find an asylum from the 
tyranny of Congress and their tax-gatherers, as well as daily employ- 
ment in fishing, lumbering, and clearing and preparing land for their 
subsistence; and there they continue in full hope and pleasing exjjecta- 
tion that they may soon re-enjoy the liberties and privileges which would 
be Ijcst secured to them by laws, and under a form of government 
modelled after the Uritish constitution; anrl that they may be covered 
in their possessions, agreeably to the petition to the Throne in 1773, 
which was renewed last year. 

Mr. Calef probably included in his enumeration of 
townships, in order to make up thirteen, the island of 
Mt. Desert, which was granted by the General Court to 
Governor Bernard — for his "extraordinary services," 
they said, but very likely, as Williamson suggests, "in 
fact and in policy, to secure his influence and efforts to- 
wards obtaining the royal assent." They make, indeed, a 
pertinent hint to him in their resolution or address : "Your 
immediate and undivided attention to the subject is more 
especially requested because a sufficient number of sub- 
scribers or applicants have come forward, ready to go 
and settle thirteen townships [including his own] as soon 
as the royal confirmation can be obtained." We do not 
learn that the King's assent to the grants was definitely 
given; but they were never formally revoked. After the 
Revolution, in 1785, the grants were confirmed by the 
Legislature of Massachusetts, with some new conditions. 

In the representations the agent of the settlers was in- 
structed to make to the British Government, the settlers 
reported the soil "as lemarkably good, well adapted to 
the culture of every sort of English grain, and hemp, 
flax, etc. — and especially good for grazing, in which it ex- 
cels any other part of America, — and for raising cattle. 
Its woods abound with moose and other kinds of deer, 
and several kinds of game, good for food. 

On the rivers and streams arc two hundred saw- 
mills. . . , It gives promise of being a 
rich and fruitful country." 

None of these townships lay within the boundaries of 
Penobscot county. They were nearer to the coast. As 
a part of the history of the valley, however, and of the 
settlement of the l'',astern country, we have thought the 
twelve townships worthy of this notice. 

A PATKIOTIC CRAN'T. 

In 1764 the General Court, in answer to numerous 
apjieals from those who had served in the various wars 
of the period, caused a list of them to be made, begin- 
ning with those who had been in the first Louisburg ex- 
pedition, and then had for them a second tier of town- 
ships east of Union river siuveyed, and all the islands 
on the coast, except Mt. Desert, in order, as they said, 
"that soine further reward for their brave services might 
be given them in the una])propriated lands of this Prov. 
ince." The King, it is said, encouraged by his procla. 



HISTORY OF I'ENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



79 



mation the making of these grants, without any pecuni- 
ary terms or conditions. 

About the same time, two "ranging parties," in the in- 
terest of public land opeiations, were employed by the 
Government to e.\i)lurc the IV-uubscot aiul .St, Croix 
waters. 

THic i;i>i>v c;rant. 

In 17S5 C'liloncl Jonathan luidy, of Norton, Massa- 
chusetts, but a resident near Fort Cumberland, at the 
head of Chignecto Bay, Nova Scotia, before the Revolu- 
tion, and his companions in a courageous exploit at the 
outbreak of the war, they having become refugees after 
the struggle closed, were recommended by Congress to 
the consideration of the State of Massachusetts. 'I'he 
Commonweallh accordingly granted to Colonel Eddy 
and nineteen others of the refugees, by an act of June 
14, 1785, tracts of various size on the east side of the 
Penobscot, in the neighborhood of the head of tide- 
water. Altogether they made up 9,000 acres and now 
constitute the major part of the town of I'.ddington, 
which is named from Colonel Eddy. J'he grants were 
conditioned that each grantee should erect a dwelling on 
his lot within two years after the concession, and that 
the place should be immediately settled. 

The islands in Penobscot Bay were surveyed about 
this time, and the settlers thereon allowed their lots for a 
merely nominal consideration, making them in effect 
free grants from the State Covernment, on account of 
sufferings and privations during the Revolution. A 
minister was also employed by the Slate, to jjreach dur- 
ing half the year in the destitute plantations of Lincoln 
county, then including the present Penobscot, who was 
to be paid out of the State tax derived from the inhabi- 
tants. 

THF, EASTERN I..\N1)S. 

These were originally regarded as including the large 
ungranted tracts lying in the present counties of Penob- 
scot, Washington, Somerset and Oxford, belonging to 
the Slate. The first Commissioners of Eastern Lands 
were Jedediah Preble, of Falmouth, Jonathan Creenleaf, 
of New Gloucester, David Sewall, of \'ork, John I>ewis, 
of North Yarmouth, and William I.ithgow, of George- 
town. They were ai)pointed by the General Court of 
Massachusetts, May i, 17S1, with duties, according to 
Mr. Williamson, "to impiire into all the encroachments 
upon the wild, unap[)ropriated lands of the State, to ex- 
amine the rights and pretexts of claimants, and to pros- 
ecute obstinate intruders and trespassers, yet li(iuidate 
fair adjustments with all such as were dis[)osed to do 
right, upon principles of equity, good faith, and duty." 
There was beginning to be, it seems, considerable lim- 
ber-stealing from the public lands. 

This commission resigned its powers three years after- 
wards, hiving done arduous and faithful service; and in 
March, 1784, Samuel Phillips, jr., of Roxbury, Nathan- 
iel Wells, of Wells, and Nathan Dane, of Beverly, were 
appointed a new commission, with enlarged powers. 
"These were instructed by the General Court to inquire 
into all trespasses, illegal entries, and encroachments 
upun the [jublic lands; to ascertain how far grantees 



had comjilied with their engagements, and what were the 
limits of the tracts owned or claimed by the Indian 
tribes; and to report the expediency of employing skil- 
ful surveyors to run out six townships on the river St. 
Croix, four on the west side of Penobscot, above the 
Waldo I'atent, and all the territory on the eastern side 
of the latter river between the Indian lands and the 
twelve townships conditionally granted before the war. 
For these purposes they were directed to send one of 
their number to visit this F)istrict, in person." The Com- 
mission was authorized to offer an actual settler a tract of 
150 acres anywhere upon the navigable waters of Maine 
at the rate of one dollar per acre, or to give him outright 
as much as 100 acres elsewhere, if he would make a 
clearing of sixteen acres thereon within four years. A 
State land office was now opened ; General Rufus Put- 
nam was appointed Surveyor-General, and the public- 
lands were advertised for sale in quantities to suit [uir- 
chasers. 

By June, 1795, parcels of F^astern lands had been sold 
to the value of two hundred and sixty-nine thousand 
dollars, anti a contract made for the purchase from the 
(Jovernment of 2,839,453 acres more, with a reseivation 
of 103,080 acres for masts. 431,000 acres had been 
granted for the encouragement of literature "and for 
other useful and humane purposes," and yet 8,700.000 
acres were left. Nearly one-third of these were sold, or 
granted for various ]iublic purposes, during the next 
twenty years; and in 181 6 it was believed but about 6,- 
000,000 were still in the hands of tlie Commonwealth. 
More exactly, there were in Maine 6,596,480 acres of 
public land still unsold, of which about five millions 
were in Penobscot county. 

GRANTS FOR SCHOOLS. 

A number of the grants mentioned as made " for the 
encouragement of literature"' came into Penobscot 
county. The act of incor|)oratioii of liciwdoin College, 
in June, 1794, gave for its foundation five full townships 
of unappropriated lands — saving three lots of three hun- 
dred and twenty acres apiece in each upon every one 
of which fifteen families were to be settled within twelve 
years. 'Phe College committee selected Dixmont, in 
this county, and the four townships now Sebcc, I'oxc roft, 
Guilford, and Abbott, in I'iscataquis county. F^lna and 
part of I'lymouth were afterwards acquired by IJowdoin 
college. Marbleliead academy secured Exeter, Leicester 
Academy Stetson Plantation, and AN'illiams ('ollege 
(iarland and Lee. Bridgeton Academy got Maxfield, 
Warren Academy a township in the Waldo Patent, 
and Waterville College a large part of townshij) three, in 
the west side of the Penobscot. Hopkins Academy 
Grant, fifty miles north of Bangor, still retains that name. 

The totLil grants to literary institutions in the present 
State of Massachusetts amounted to 354,230 acres; in 
Maine 490,545 acres. Some thousands of acres were 
also granted for other jnirposes; as, in the Penobscot 
region, 5,760 to the proprietors of the Duck trap bridge, 
to aid in building that work. A part of Kingman, in 
this county, was included in the grant for building the 
bridge. Newbiu'g. in Penobscot, it should be added, 



So 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



is on jjart of the large tract granted to General Knox for 
his military services. By 1816, 617,257 acres of public 
lands had been sold in Penobscot county, at an average 
of thirty-four cents [ler acre, or a total sum of $210,- 
400.13. The acres remaining unsold in incorporated 
towns and plantations of the District numbered 487,040; 
in those not incorporated or settled, 1,281,860 acres were 
owned by private persons — the Indians, however, held 
460,000; and 6,233,400 were still owned by the State. 
The total acreage of the District of Maine was then 8,- 
003,100. 

OKICINAl, I'KOl'RIliTOKSHII'. 

The following list of townships in the Penobscot Val- 
ley, with their acreage of public lands alienated in each 
by the year 1820, and their original proprietors, is de- 
rived from Oreenleaf's Survey of the State of Maine, 
published in 1829: 

TOWNSHIPS. ACRICS. ORIGIN AL TITLES. 

Brewer 23.708 Mo.scs Knapp ct al. 

Orrington ".759 Brown & Kowler. 

Carmel 22,623 M. Kin.sley. 

Corimh 23,010 John Peck. 

Charleston 24,794 John Lowell. 

Dixmont 21,284 Bowdoin College. 

DuUon [Cjlenburn[ 22,692 H. Jackson. 

De.Nter 25,522. Amos Bond el al. 

E.xeter 22,682 Marblehead Academy. 

ICddinglon 9.834 Jonathan Eddy et al. 

IClna 25,708.* .... Bowdoin College. 

Garland 22,536 Williams College. 

jarvis Gore [Cliflon] 15,000 Leonard Jarvis et al. 

Kirkland [Hudson] 23,085 H. Jackson. 

Levant 22,325 William Wetmore. 

Maxfield 10,950 Bridgeton Academy. 

Newport 21,104 David Green. 

Orono 21,946.' .Settlers et al. 

.Sunkhaze PI. [Milford] I3.>39 " 

Xo. 4 K. of Pi'nob.scot . . . . 3,795 J. Bracken et al. 

Stetson Plantation 23,040 Leicester .Academy. 

N'o. I, 6th R 23,040 J. P. Boyd. 

No. 3, 8th R 11.220 W. C. Whitney ct al. 

No. 5, 9th R 23,040 'I'own of Boston. 

No. 2, 2d R., N. of lottery landsir, 220 |. E. P'oxcroft. 

No. 3, 2d R. " " 3.040 Williams College. 

No. 6, 9th R.. N. of Waldo pat. 1 1,520 Warren -\cademy. 

No. 7, 4th R 23,040 Thos. Munkhouse. 

Gore adj. ICddington. 1,000 T. Harding. 

No. I, W. side Penobscot.. 505 .Settlers. 

Nos. 2 & 3, " " .. 5,000 John Bennock- 

Rem. of No. 3. " ..29,164 Waterville College. 

No. 4 (Orono) 9.303 Sundry. 

No. 1, E. of Penobscot 961 .Settlers et al. 

Coldstream PI 5.000 Joseph Treat. 

No. 6, 4th K., N. of lotteryrnds.5,760 Proprietors Duck tr,i|) Bridge 

"l.O'lTKRV I,.-\NI)S." 

The uiention of these in the above table, as well as 
the general interest and importance of their place in the 
early land history of the State, justifies a notice of them 
here. The close of the war of the Revolution left Mas- 
sachusetts heavily in debt, and it was resolved, as we 
have seen, to raise money by the sale of the unsettled 
lands in Maine. Sales through the land office dragged, 
however, and in 1786 it was resolved to organize a lot- 
tery for the disjjosal of fifty townships, between the 
Penobscot and the Passamaquoddy. Tickets to the 
number of 2,720, each for a tract of land, of size varying 
from a quarter-section, or half a mile S(|uare, to an entire 
townshij), in a siiecilied township, were jjut on sale at 



the uniform jirice of si.xty pounds apiece, for which 
jjayment might be made in the notes or evidences of in- 
debtedness given by the State to its soldiers, or in any 
other of its public securities. Had all been sold the 
avails would have been ^.163,200. The lands were not 
yet sufficiently in demand, however, from the general 
ignorance concerning their value and the poverty {)ro- 
duced by the war; and only 437 tickets were purchased, 
bringing ^26,220, or $87,400, into the State Treasury. 
The drawing took jjlace in March, 1786, under the 
management of the Eastern Lands Commission, and 
165,280 acres were found to have been drawn, at an 
average price of fifty-two cents per acre. The Govern- 
ment subsequently exchanged other lands w-ith those 
jiurchasers who had drawn a whole township, or its 
equivalent. Mr. VVilliaiuson thus. describes the jjrojaerty 
drawn : 

These townships were Nos. 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, i, 3, 4, 
5, 6, 7=15 in the east division; and numbers from 14 to 43, both in- 
chisive:^30 in the middle division ; and Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6^5 in the 
northern division, beginning at the northwest corner of No. 3, at 
Union River, thence north 30 miles, and including one tier north of 
the end of that line, except the corner township ; thence east to the 
Schoodic [St. CroixJ ; then southerly through Denny's River to Orange- 
lown ; thence westerly back of Machias, Columbia, etc., to the first 
corner mentioned. 

The townships drawn, and their inhabitants, were to 
be exemjited from taxation for fifteen years. Neverthe- 
less the scheme was not an eminent success. Mr. Wil- 
liamson says that "if this. project drew in a large amount 
of the public securities, it did not promote the settlement 
of Maine." The lottery land business was stopped, and 
straight sales were relied upon by the State thereafter. 
About 1795 an era of speculation in Eastern lands set 
in, and in that year the State stopped the sales for a 
time. Grants were liberally made, however, during the 
last decade of the century, for educational and other 
purjjoses, as we have noticed. Some lands thus appro- 
priated were bought back at once by the State ; others 
were held and sold by the grantees. 'I'he land market 
thus soon became glutted. 

From each townshij) sold by the State there were re- 
served four lots of 320 acres each--one for the State, one 
for the first minister of the gospel whom the people voted 
to settle, one for the ministerial fund jirovided for the 
suj)j)ort of the said minister, and one for the common 
school fund. The jiurchasers of townshijjs were required 
to secure a certain number of actual settlers upon each 
by a specified time, under ]m\n of forfeiture. Some 
buyers obtained an extension of time from the General 
Court. 

By the close of the last century a vast breadth of the 
wild lands of the State had been surveyed. Between 
1785 and 1 810 a great number of acres were sold (more 
than three and one-half millions of acres, or the equiva- 
lent of 150 townships, were transferred by sale or gift by 
1795); but the settlement of the District was not greatly 
promoted. The prices obtained, too, were very low, 
until 1820 averaging but 20 cents per acre. By that 
year 739,428 acres in Penobscot county had been settled 
or incorporated, with an average pojiulation of twelve 
persons to the square mile. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



8i 



THE BINGHAM PURCHASE 

demands a brief notice. Present at the drawing of the 
lottery, probably, in March, 1786, was Mr. William Bing- 
ham, of Philadel])hia, a man of large wealth and enter- 
prising views. He relieved the State of such of the 
lottery lands as were not drawn by ticket-holders, and 
also purchased of the latter many of their prize lots. 
These constitute the famous "Bingham Purchase," in 
which some of the lands of Penobscot county lie. Mr. 
Williamson, writing about 1830, says: "The heirs own 
another large tract in Maine — 2,350,000 acres in all." 

THE "burnt LAND.S," 

according to Morse's Universal Geography, edition of 
1819, which cites the Rev. Mr. May as authority, ex- 
tended "from near Penobscot river fifty or sixty miles in 
a westerly direction, and south of those high clusters of 
mountains which pass under the names of Abema, the 
Sisters, and Spencer mountains. The breadth of these 
lands is very irregular; perhaps ten miles may be con- 
sidered as the mean breadth. The trees on this exten- 
sive tract were first [irostrated by some violent tempest, 
which happened about the year 1795. The general face 
of these lands is level, and the tempest must have 
poured over the mountains like water over a dam, for 
the bodies of the trees fell from the north, in which direc- 
tion the mountains lie. This extensive tract was set on 
fire (whether by lightning or by the carelessness of the 
hunters, or through design, for the convenience of hunt- 
ing, is uncertain) about the year 1803, at the time the 
inhabitants first began to settle on those ranges of town- 
ships which lie north of the Waldo patent, and sjjread 
over the whole tract. A fire was again kindled on this 
tract in the summer of i8ii, but being baffled by shift- 
ing winds and finally extinguished by rain, it continued 
its ravages but a few days and spread over but few miles 
of territory. But the trunks of trees, the outsides of 
which are now reduced to coal, and the combustibles an- 
nually accumulated from the leaves of decayed veget- 
ables, from such a body of timber as that a fire, in any 
dry time and fanning wind, would renew and extend its 
ravages over the whole tract. The face of Nature has 
been laid bare by conflagrations. The hills, ponds, and 
streatiis are no longer embowered, as in the wilderness, 
but are laid open to the eye of the beholder from chosen 
eminences. The appearance of the whole country, in 
the season of vegetation, is not unlike that of a culti- 
vated country, but we can nowhere behold the dwellings 
of men or the shelters of animals nurtured by his care, 
but are left to fancy them in rocks, which have the ap- 
pearance of the abodes of men at a distance. The 
margins of a few of the rivers, where the land was low 
and marshy, are lined with its ancient growth, which 
keeps the eye from tiring with the uniformity of the 
prospect. Multitudes of animals must have perished, 
the bones of which have been discovered." 

.\T THE SEPARATION 

of Maine from Massachusetts, the act of 1820 provided 
that the public lands in the district remaining unsold 
should be surveyed and divided ecpially between the ' 



States., The first division under this arrangement was 
made December 28, 1822. The old Indian Purchase 
on the Penobscot was divided according to the act. The 
reserved lots in the townships of Corinth, Newport, 
Dutton (Glenburn), Kirkland (Hudson), Orrington, Co- 
rinna, and No. i, Range 6, were assigned to Massachu- 
setts; those in Charleston, Carmel, Jarvis Gore (Clifton), 
and No. 3, Range 8, were turned over to Maine. There 
were subse(iuently other divisions. 

THE INDIAN LANDS. 

The transfer of these by treaty has been sufficiently 
noticed, for the purposes of this History, in our chapter 
on the Indians of Maine. The following observations, 
however, inadvertently omitted in that place, may be fitly 
given here. They are from the authorship of the Hon. 
John E. Godfrey, in his valuable article on The .Ancient 
Penobscots, contributed to the seventh volume of the 
Maine Historical Collections. He is treating in this of 
the arrangements with the Penobscots: 

The Indians, hoHever, afterwards claimed title to the territory six 
miles wide, on lioth sides of the river, above the thirty miles relin- 
quished in 1796, to .in indefinite extent, and assumed to sell the timber 
from it. To preVL'nt this, the Government of Massachusetts appointed 
another commission, in 1818, consisting of Edward H. Robbins, Dan- 
iel Davis, and Mark L. Hill, who met Governor Etienne, Lieutenant- 
Governor Neptune, Captain Francis, and other chiefs of the tribe — in 
all twenty-seven — on the 24th of June, at Bangor. 

A Masonic celebration occurred at this time, and it was deemed ex- 
pedient by the municipal officers to make the occasion memorable by a 
general celebration. Accordingly, they provided for a holiday and a 
procession. The Freemasons gave the Commissioners a dinner at 
Lumbert's then famous hotel, on Hancock street; after which the pro- 
cession, consisting of the municipal officers, m.igistrates of the county, 
military officers; Rev. Thomas Williams, strangers, and citizens, 
escorted them to the court-house ["ancient city hall"], where a large 
audience of ladies and gentlemen was assembled. The chiefs, who 
were rather noble looking sons of the forest and showily dressed, 
accompanied by General lohn Blake ^Indian agent]. Major Treat, and 
Captain Webster, afterwards entered the honse. As they entered, the 
Commissioners arose to receive them. Solicitor General Davis— who, 
tradition says, had a kindly regard for the fairer portion of the tribe — 
addressed them. Lieutenant-Governor .Neptune, a chief of command- 
ing figure, of great dignity of manner,»and extensive influence among 
his people, made the reply. The result of the conference was that 
Massachusetts obtained a release of all the Indians' interest in the terri- 
tory, excepting four townships, six miles square, two contiguous to the 
nine townships foimerly released, and two near the mouth of the Mat- 
tawamkeag River— one on each side of the Penobscot and opposite 
each other — which, with the islands in the river above Oldtown Falls, 
were to belong to the Indians, for occupation, forever. .As compensa- 
tion for this relinquishment, the Commissioners agreed that the Indi- 
ans should have also, for occujjation, two acres of land in Brewer, 
op]3osite Kenduskeag I'oint; to employ a suitable man to leach them 
husbandry; to repair their church at Oldtown; to deliver there in Octo- 
ber yearly, 500 bushels of corn, 15 barrels of flour, 7 barrels of clear 
pork, I hogshead of molasses, 100 yards of broadcloth (of blue and 
red), 50 blankets, 100 pounds of gunpowder, 400 pounds of shot, 150 
pounds of tobacco, 6 boxes of chocolate, and $50 in silver. At the 
time they made them a present of i six-pound gun, i swivel, i box of 
pipes, 50 knives, 6 bniss kettles, 200 yards of calico, 2 drums, 4 fifes, 
and 300 yards of ribbon, .•^n annual stipend of $3^0 was aiipropriatcd 
by the Government for theii religious teacher. 

After the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, Maine .assumed 
the obligations of Massachusetts to the Indians, and renewed the 
treaty at the court-house, in Bangor, on the 17th of ,\ugust, 1820. 

The Commissioner on the part of Maine was Hon. Lathrop Lewis. 
The first meeting was on the 15th of .\ugust, when the Commissioner 
made the proposition that Maine would take upon itself the obligations 
of Massachusetts, provided the tribe would release Massachusetts. 
The chiefs — who were the same who made the last treaty with Massa- 
chusetts—took time to consider. On the 17th the conference was 



82 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



renewed. The chiefs were dressed in scarlet coats or robes, ornament- 
ed with silver brooches and with beads, after the Indian mode of that 
day, and made quite a distinguished appearance. Captain Francis 
made a speech, and, in behalf of the tribe, accepted the propo.sition of 
Commissioner Lewis, to which Colonel I^wis replied. After the 
treaty was signed. Colonel I^ewis presented from Governor King to 
Governor Etienne and Lieutenant-Governor Neptune, a fine piece of 
scarlet broad-cloth, for each a coat. To each of the other chiefs he 
gave a silver breast-plate, upon which was engraved the arms of the 
State of Maine. The presents were received with great apparent 
pleasure. 

We conclude tliis chapter with some notes on the 
growth of I'enobscot county. 'I"he progress of settlement 
and the increase of population in the Province have 
already been noted, to the year 1769, when the founda- 
tions of civilization were laid at Pangor. Mr. William- 
son has an interesting note concerning this period. Un- 
der the date of 1768 he writes: 

The increase and extension of settlements in the Penobscot 
country had become so affronting to the Tarratines that some of them 
began to utter bold threats against their progress. Hence the Gover- 
nor told the House that a chajMain ought to be under constant pay at 
Fort Pownall, who might preach to the settlers in the audience of 
the Indians: "for," added he, "there is no minister of the Gospel 
within a circle of loo miles' diameter, now generally peopled, though 
but thinly: and the settlers of themselves are un.ible to maintain one." 
Nay, if the claim to t'he territory eastward of I'enobscot river were 
to be maintained against the natives, and the improvement of it pro- 
moted by an enterprising population, the fortress, he said, must be made 
a more respectable establishment. Happily agreeing with him in his 
Eastern politics, the General Court augmented the garrison from twelve 
to twenty men, and provided for the support of a cliaplain, at the ex- 
pense of £4 by the month. 

During the previous year the enterprising Governor 
had had his eye ujjon the promotion of settlement in the 
Penobscot country. The same historian says: 

Animated by a perspective of the Penobscot country filled with peo- 
ple, the Governor told the General Court, during their winter session, 
that "a great many families" stood ready to remove thither and settle, 
provided there w^ere no obstacles in the way of their obtaining a title to 
the lands. The subject was popular, and he urged its importance upon 
their consideration with earnestness, believing tliat permanent .settle- 
ments there would become supports essential to the strength and inter- 
ests of the Province. 

In 1795, with a view to the more rapid settlement of 
the Eastern lands, the "Massachusetts Society fur tlie 
Aid of Emigrants" was formed. 

A "truck-house" had [ireviously, in 1760, been estab- 
lished at the Eort, which did a large business, and yielded 
the Government considerable profit. The commander 
of the Eort was "truck-master." This was the same year 
that Lieutenant Joshua Treat settled near P'ort Pownall. 

THE POPULATION 

of the county in 1790 (that is, the portion of the State 
now constituting the county) was 1,154; in 1800, 3,009; 
in 1810, 7,831; 1820, 13,870; 1830, 22,962; 1840, 
46,049; 1850, 63,089; i860, 72,737; 1870, 75,150: 
1880, 70,478. In 1870 the population was the largest 
of any county in the State except Cumberland. 

The number of polls in the county in 1880 was 
17,407 — largest of any in the State except Cumberland; 
and its estates had an assessed valuation of $22,697,890 
in 1870, and $21,408,151 ten years later. The county 
has now fifty-five towns, one city, and seven incorporated 
l)lantations^the largest number of towns of any county 
in the State. 



The following table presents a comparative view of 
the growth of the several parts of the coimty during the 
last hundred years : 



TOWNS. 


790 


[800 


iSio' 


1820 


1830 


1840 


1850 


i860 


1870 


1880 
















252 

338 
■4432 
1296 
796 
2628 
48. 

1225 
401 

1283 
340 
306 

■55* 
i6oo 
1948 
1605 


531 

379 

16407 

■ 558 

844 
2835 

578 
■273 

470 
1430 

318 

307 
■597 
1790 
2363 
■442 


508 

3°7 

18289 

1487 

866 

3214 

553 

1350 

632 

1191 

35° 

348 

■5"3 

1462 

2875 

1309 

86 

776 

55 

545 

844 

■434 

1306 

720 

621 

317 

.3068 

1489 

758 

176 

III 

108 

960 

■■59 

■530 

448 

5^ 

356 

156 

321 

827 

262 

1115 

'559 

4529 

2388 

1768 

243 

94 

704 

'1' 


419 

287 

16855 

1460 

829 
3170 

536 














527 
B627 
1000 

395 
1736 

350 
520 




'567 


277 


850 




-RfiR 


IJnulford 




403 


Uradley 












U77 


786 


1 341 
















123 


■S3 


237 








625 








210 


344 


859 


1269 
277 
.85 
1704 
1308 
1464 
1498 








362 
350 
■503 

2563 

"32 

■37 

746 

489 
895 
■274 


♦Clifton 






50 


■39 


1077 

712 

885 
945 














189 


296 












59 


337 


5>5 








no 


.67 


205 


276 


405 


595 

3% 
745 
2052 
1065 
664 
261 


696 
93 
396 
802 
■853 
■247 
90s 
457 


856 
48 
526 

849 
.783 
■ 498 
74^ 
656 

359 
3085 

■4.33 
865 

■74 
7T 




Enfield 












Etna 






78 
140 

t 


'94 
583 
275 
207 


362 
■438 

621 








Garland 












%'r 




















337 
291/ 
■394 
7'7 
■37 
659 
546 

650 

it 
894 
1076 
1659 
433 

456 

■39 
628 






904 
82 


1279 
■79 


1478 
277 


535 


2663 
1042 


319s 
■374 






Holden 












11150 
72 


329 
35" 


322 
351 


214 
?■? 








54 


Kingman {formerly In- 






dependence Plantal'n) 
















816 
690 














336 


482 














Lee 












724 
1061 
1121 

205 
97 


917 
.84. 
■356 

378 
54 


939 
1 361 
1631 

556 

286 
162 


Levant 




129 


146 


■43 


747 


Lowell 




































Ma.vlield 










186 


,85 












ttMilford 






98 


146 


250 


474 


687 


744 


734 
310 
'057 
■45' 
3395 
2245 
1529 
302 


Mnunt Chase 










62 


216 

.78 


328 
5^2 


626 
897 


963 
1138 
2342 


■399 

I2IO 
3087 
2785 
1852 
295 


■365 
1403 
3860 
2533 
1950 
360 
.05 
639 
989 

854 






Oldtown 










77 


351 


4^5 






















394 


Paltagumpus Plantal'n. 












Patten 














470 
925 


716 
8z8 












S03 


843 












4.6 
8^8 














546 


583 


Siacyviile Plantation... 












138! .84 
937. 729 








08 


31 


■4 


616 


885 


til 








Webster Plantation.... 
















2S 118 


West Indl.'in Plantal'n.. 


















^3 


















■7 
853 
230 


Winn 
















7.4' 898 




























22 






25 

61 
19 

6^ 

IOC 

1287 
































29 














































97 
93 
170 


No. J, Crand Falls Pl'n 
































1074 













* Including .'idjacetit settlements. 

tTaken with Orrington and adj.icent settlemenls. 

t Formerly Jarvis's (lore. 

§Formerly Dutton. 

IITaken with Maxfield. 

^[ Formerly Kirkland. 

"K.'i.st Indian Plantation. 

tt Formerly .Sunkha^e Plant.itlon. 

By the census of 1800, the "townships in I'enobscot,' 
Nos. I, 2, and 3; those east of the liver, Nos. i, 2, and 
3 (Sunkhaze, now Milford), and 4, and the people "on 
State's land," numbered together 149. In 1810 the town- 
shijjs on Penobscot, Nos. i, 2, and 3, had 46, and in 
1820, 108. In 1820 No. I had 60, and No. i east of 
Penobscot 99. In 1810 No. 2 east of Penobscot had 39, 
No. 3 (Sunkhaze), 98, and No. 4, 136; in 1820 these 
townships, respectively, had 18, 146, and 125. In 1810 
the residents "on .State's land" nnmbercd 71, and in 1820 
37. In the latter year, No. i. Sixth Range, had 2; No. 



11^% 







HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



83 



7, Eighth Range, 4; and No. 6, Ninth Range (now in 
Piscataquis county), 12. In 1S40 Township No. 4 had 
41; Township 3, Range 8, 29; Lower Indian Township, 
west of Penobscot river, 37; Indian Township, Wood- 
ville. No. 2, 6; Hopkins .'\cademy Grant, 3; unincor- 
porated townships north of Lincohi, 147; west half of 
Township No. 6, 147 ; Township No. 7, 30. In 1880 
No. 3 had 12; No. 3, Range 3, 17 ; and No. 2, Range 
2, and No. Range 4, together, 9. 

By 1790, 120 square miles in the jiresent territory of 
Penobscot county had been settled, with an average pop- 
ulation of nearly ten to the square mile. Ten years later 
more than three times the space of 1790, or 390 square 
miles, were inhabited, but with a population slightly thin- 
ner, numbering scarcely eight to the mile. In 1810, the 
numbers, respectively, were 970 and 8; in 1820, 1,143 
(739,428 acres), and 12. At the latter date the average of 
population for the whole State was but 8-3 to the mile. 
The gain of population in this county from 1790 to 1800 
was 1855, or 161 per cent; from 1800 to i8to it was 
4,822, or 160 per cent; from 1810 to 1S20, 6,039, O"" 77 
percent; from 1820 to 1830, 9,092, or 65. 4^ per cent; 
from 1830 to 1840, 23,087, or a little more than 100 per 
cent; from 1840 to 1870, 17,040, or nearly 30 per cent. 
The increase since has not been so rapid; and during the 
decade 1870-80 the population of Penobscot, like that 
of many other counties, fell off by a small percentage. 

Of the population of 1820, 13,870 in all, 2,858 were 
engaged in the pursuits of agriculture, 251 in manufac- 
tures, and 140 in commerce — in proportions, severally, 
to every thousand engaged; of 880, 77, and 43. 

SETTLEMENTS IN PENOBSCOT COUNTY. 

Full notes of these will be made in our special histo- 
ries of the towns of the county and of Bangor. A rapid 
summary of dates has been prepared for this work by 
Mr. Elnathan F. Duren, of the latter place, as follows : — 

The earliest regular settlement of the county com- 
menced in Bangor, in 1769; then followed settlements 
at Brewer and Orrington, 1770; Hampden, 1772; Old- 
town, 1773; Orono, 1774; Veazie, 1786; Eddington, 
1780; Holden, 1786; Hermon, 1791; Newport, 1794; 
Charleston and Corinth, 1795, Carmel, 1796; Levant 
and Newburg, 1798; Dixmont, 1799; Hudson, Kendus- 
keag, Milford, and Stetson, 1800; Dexter and Exeter, 
1801; Garland, 1802; Bradford, 1803; Corinna, 1804; 
Glenburn, 1806 ; Etna and Plymouth, 1807 ; Clifton 
and Greenfield, 1812; Passadumkeag, 1S13; Maxfield, 
1814; Bradley, 181 7; Alton, Argyle, Howland, and La- 
grange, 1818; Enfield and Lowell, 1819; Chester, Green- 
bush, Medway, Pattagumpus, \\'est Indian, and Wood- 
ville, 1820; Lincoln, 1823; Burlington and Lee, 1824; 
Mattamiscontis, 1825; Edinburg, 1827; Patten, 1828; 
Carroll, No. 2 Grand Falls, and Springfield, 1830; Mat- 
tawamkeag, 1834: Winn, 1835; Prentiss and Whitney 
Ridge, 1836; Mount Chase, 1838; Webster Plantation, 
1843; Drew Plantation, 1845; Stacyville, 1850; Lake- 
ville Plantation, 1855; Kingman, 1864. 

ST.\TISTICS Of T.\X.\T10N, ETC. 

In the table of valuations for the taxation of 1801 in 



Hancock county, in which Penobscot was then included, 
only Bangor, Hampden, and Orrington appear as repre- 
sentatives of what is now Penobscot county. Hancock 
county, all told, had then but 1,917 polls. The average 
price of dwelling-houses for taxation in that county at an 
earlier date (1793) was but i6s, id. 

In 181 6 the first year of Penobscot county, it had 
1,593 polls, estates valued at $37,503.86, and a tax of 
$6.52 on the $1,000, as against $19.56 in the older Han- 
cock county. 

The number of buildings and [nincipal manufacturing 
establishments in the county, as rendered to the Legis- 
lature in 1820, was as follow: Dwelling-houses, 1,315; 
barns, 1,212; shojjs attached to dwellings, 28; shops 
and stores detached, 74 ; tanneries, 5 ; pot- and pearlash 
works, 9; grist-mills, 30, with 36 pairs of stones; saw- 
mills, 36, with 43 saws; carding machines, 15; fulling- 
mills, 9; all other mills, i; bakehouse, i; all other 
workshops, i ; warehouses, ropeworks, distilleries, cotton 
and woolen factories, spinning machines, slitting-mills, 
ironworks, and furnaces, none. These numbers com- 
pared favorably with those of most other counties in the 
State. 

In 1826 the values per acre affixed by the Legislature 
to the wood and unimproved land in the several towns 
and townships of Penobscot county were as follow: Ban- 
gor, $1.50; Brewer and Orrington, $1; Carmel, Atkinson, 
Corinth, Dixmont, Newburg, Sebec, and Sangerville, 75 
cents; Eddington, Newport, and Orono, 80 cents; Fox- 
croft, Guilford, and Williamsburg, 60 cents; Etna, Dut- 
ton, Kirkland, Maxfield, Brownville and Stetson Planta- 
tion, 50 cents ; Blakesburg and Milo, 40 cents; Bowerbank 
and Jarvie's Gore, 30 cents; Kilmarnock and adjoining 
lands, and No. i. Range 6, 25 cents; No. 3, Range 2, 
east of river, No. 3, 8th Range, and No. 5, 9th Range, 
20 cents. 

The net amount of postages accruing in each post- 
office of the county the same year was : Atkinson, $16.- 
67; Bangor, $802.49; Birch Stream, 35 cents; Blakes- 
burg, $4.72; Brewer, $60.69; Brownville, $8.85; Carmel, 
$6.08; Corinth, $11.08; East Corinth, $3.75; Dexter, 
$31.90; Dixmont, $48.31; Dover, $26.49; Dutton, $2.19; 
Etna, $5.09; Exeter, $31.08; Foxcroft, $30.20; Garland, 
$20.03; Guilford, $13-37; Howland, $2.77; Hampden, 
$110.45; Kirkland, $1.94; Kilmarnock, $3.37; Maxfield, 
$1.48; Milo, $15.79; Newburg, $14.54; North Charles- 
ton, $20.14; Newport, $23.03; Orono, $53.48; Oldtown, 
$10.80; Orrington, $37.05; Sangerville, $31.32; Sebec, 
$33.39; Williamsburg, $12.95. The total net amount 
of postage for the county was but $1,491.34. This, 
however, was more for each inhabitant, on an average, 
than was paid by any other county in the State, except 
Cumberland and Washington, being 10.7 cents against 
1 1.7 and 15.7 in those counties. In amount paid per 
$1,000 worth of taxable property, it exceeded Cumber- 
land and every other county but Washington, standing to 
this in the ratio of $1.65 to $1.91. 

In 1820, the official returns made to the State Legis- 
lature from this county exhibited in much detail its de- 



84 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



velopment and resources at that date. The reports were 
tabulated as follow below. The first four columns of 
figures are in terms of acres ; those relating to grain in 



bushels, hay in tons, and the last column gives the num- 
ber of cows that the pasture of the township would 
keep. 



Towns. 


f 


§3. 


■z 

H 


c 




X 





3 


n 


£ 

n 

n 
.1 


5' 


3 
g. 

n 



n 
P 






tB 
t 


w 

r 

en 


C 
g. 


X 

p 
*-< 




-a 
p 

p. 


Bangor. 


23s 
244 
94 
75 
131 
132 

5° 
160 
106 
100 

63 
90 

450 

121 


407 
677 
327 
328 

524 
372 
166 
411 
323 
346 
273 
458 
1674 

374 


18 
73 
23 

17 
15 


434 
572 
423 
245 
319 
759 
48 
232 
270 
300 
265 

S15 
1258 

236 


75 

te 

40 
43 
42 
17 
44 
33 
63 
17 
43 
173 
30 


49 
40 
16 
28 
26 
40 
17 

25 

20 
46 
13 
29 
85 
20 


83 

"5 
42 

52 
70 
86 
44 
7' 
54 

124 
29 
58 

249 
37 


163 
240 
94 
131 
167 

211 

68 
150 

134 

123 

72 

114 

424 
79 


no 
163 
71 
123 

35 
229 

12 
171 

66 
283 

70 
153 
398 

61 


685 
856 
1694 
608 
76s 

■5 
233 
375 
365 
372 
896 

5f 
2160 

25 


1464 

585 
1099 

435 
"55 
1320 
224 
282 
384 
532 
613 
612 

675 
ti452 


25 

25 

6 

31 
33 
20 


813 
23 


H3 


S3 


436 
637 
308 
372 
435 
355 
124 
299 
294 

359 
214 
461 


21 

71 
22 

»3 
14 


144 


Brewer 


231 
118 


Carmel 


38 

'5' 

12 


II 
14 


45 
83 
10 

24 






'3' 


("harlesion 

Uixmont 


129 
121 


















170 
III 
203 


Dexter 

Eddington 

Exeter. . ... 


45 
2 

556 
12 

15 


63 

2 

941 

174 
30 


412 
20 

20 


98 
12 
638 
12 
20 


Etna 

Garland 


92 
210 


Hampden 


514 
iiS 














Maxfield 


86 
50 
■5 
5' 
92 

151 
417 
90 
40 
22 
18 


73 


10 


16 


8 


2 


14 


38 


33 


595 


376 


15 


100 


4 




73 


10 


8 


:J: Jarvis Gore 

§Kirkland 




121 
164 
529 
454 
987 

234 

153 

184 

28 


20 
"60 
100 

""s 


63 

" 145 

543 

341 

868 

91 
69 

154 
8 


8 

II 

33 

53 

123 

25 

13 
12 

4 


7 
12 

25 
41 
33 
12 

8 
10 

6 


20 
22 
68 

65 

142 

62 

50 
22 

2 


34 

41 

137 

206 

260 

99 

45 

59 

24 


II 

30 
120 
165 
251 

91 
22 

43 
19 


80 

20 

15 

15 

220 

234 
230 
185 


no 

130 
1 104 
1510 
7178 

477 
42 

108 

33 










92 
214 

430 
204 
829 
178 

153 
184 

25 


'"'16 

41 

lOO 

""s 


31 
57 










Newburg 


12 
10 
20 
30 


10 

15 
20 

45 


10 
10 


10 

15 
90 

13 
48 


24s 


Newport 


241 


Orrington 


285 
36 


llSunkhaze 


50 

124 

6 








No. 4, E. of Penob 


- 5 


7 


2 


Totals 


3582 


10538 


344 


9476 I 


231 


737 


1931 


3687 


3382 


12957 


25591 


1333 


2719 


631 


1281 


10061 


316 


4090 



*Afterwards Glenburn. +Oats and barley included 

The relative wealth of Penobscot county at different 
periods of its early history, averaged to each individual 
of its inhabitants, the average to each person in the State 
being taken at $100, is represented by Mr. Greenleaf (A 
Survey of the State of Maine, 1829,) as follows: 1790, 
79; 1800, 6s; 1810, 92; 1820, 93. The aggregate valu- 
ation of estates in the county the last-named year, as 
fixed by the Legislature, was $903,683,90. The val- 
uation of the State was not quite $21,000,000. The 
account of tonnage of shipping and stock-in-trade, as 
returned the same year by the several towns, was as 

follow: 

Towns. Tons. 

Atkinson 

Bangor 56° 

Rrewcr 57 

Dixmont 

Dexter 

Eddington 45 

Foxcroft 

Hampden 631 

I ^vant 

Newport 

Orrington 338 

Sebec '. ■ ■ 

Sangerville 

Sunkhaze 

Total 1,631 $40,005 

There were also reported from the county this year 
$.189 money in hand, $1,649 ■" bank stock, $1,185 
bridge and turnpike stock, $3,384 money at interest, and 
680 owners of plate. The estimated value of goods, 
wares, and merchandise exchanged — otherwise the stock 
annually emi)loyed in domestic trade — was $280,000. 
The estimated circulation of commercial capital, or the 
surplus of products and exchanges, was $388,360. 



J Afterwards Clifton. § Now Hudson. ||Now Milford. 

A notice of Penobscot county in Morse's American 
Universal Gazetteer for 181 9 includes the following: 
"This county contains 10,250 square miles, as many as 
in the whole state of Vermonl." It had 19 townships in 
1 81 6, the year it was erected. 



.Stock-in-Trade 


$ 150 


23.350 


1,300 


350 


400 


1,500 


500 


9.575 


500 


Soo 


380 


200 


100 


1,000 



THE SHIPPING INTEREST. 

Almost from the beginning of white settlement on the 
Penobscot, the building and sailing of vessels has been a 
prominent industry. By the close of 1809 the Penob- 
scot collection district, which included only the ports on 
the east side of the bay and river, had 6,624 tons of 
shipping in the foreign trade, and 8,840 tons employed 
in coasting — in all, 916 tons to every 1,00 of population. 
The shipping of the Penobscot District in 1814 was re- 
ported at 15,684 tons, against 16,294 in the Waldo- 
borough District, to which Bangor and other ports on 
the west of the Penobscot belonged. 

The next year the District of Penobscot had a regis- 
tered tonnage of 7,17s, enrolled 8,306, fishing vessels 
1,226 — total, 16,707. X 

In 1816 shipping to the amount of 1,710 tons was 
owned in Bangor alone. 

In 1820 the Penobscot District had the largest ratio of 
coasting tonnage of any in the State, being 9.3 to every 
$1,000 of taxable property, and also the largest propor- 
tion of such tonnage to the absolute wealth of the people. 
Much merchandise was already directly imported, 
amounting to a value of 40 cents on every $1,000 of ta.\- 
able property, or $2.31 on every $1,000 entire wealth. 

In 1825 the Penobscot ports had a total of 20,194 
tons of shipping afloat, at an average cost of $40 per 
ton, and a total value of $807,760. The tonnage doing 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



8S 



business in the Penobscot ports, however, amounted to 
30,132. The number of shops, stores, and warehouses 
employed in commerce in the county that year was 37, 
with an average valuation of $230, and a total of $8,510. 
The number of people engaged in commercial pursuits 
was 140, representing an average investment or business 
of $285 a person. 

The latest report at hand of the shipping business on 
the river, now largely concentrated at Bangor, is that of 
the Harbor Master of that city, dated February 21, 1881. 
As exhibiting the varied character of the vessels entering 
and clearing here, as well as that of the foreign and do- 
mestic imports and exports, it is well worth extracting in 
almost its entirety : 

I respectfully submit the following as my report for the year 1880 : 
The river was open to navigation, and the business of the port began 
on .April 6th. The harhor remained open until Noieniber 26th, a pe- 
riod of 235 days, During this period, 2,068 vessels of all descriptions, 
(not including fishing and other craft under 25 tons), arrived, classified 
as follows ; 

Barks 6 

Barkentines 7 

Brigs 30 

Three-masted schooners 109 

Fore-and-aft schooners 1.655 

Sloop and schooner y.achts (i steam yacht) 7 

Four-masted schooners (sch. Weybossett) 3 

Steamers (17 different steamers) 250 

2,068 vessels, with a tonnage of 393,795 tons. 

DOMESTIC RECEIPTS. 

Molasses, hhds 3 .396 

Salt, bush 4, 160 

Flour, bbls 12,165 

Corn, bush 432,601 

Pork, bbls 3.35° 

Coal, tons 26,044 

Lime, bbls 15,000 

Apples, bbls i ,626 

Lumber, M 133 

Oats, bush 15,000 

Pig iron, tons 510 

Codfish, cwt 6,018 

Nails, kegs 2,315 

Cement, bbls 2,500 

Moulding sand, tons 655 

Marble workers' sand, tons 100 

Pottery clay, tons 150 

Limerock, tons 1,200 

Hides (dry), bales 250 

Guano, tons 1 32 

DOMESTIC EXPORTS. 

Lumber, feet 123,450,537 

Ice, tons 115,945 

Iron, tons 2,315 

Shooks, feet 145,000 

Potatoes, bush 50,000 

Hay, tons , . , 3, 000 

Bricks, M 8,000,000 

Slate, squares 20,000 

Fish barrels 100,000 

Staves, bundles 108, 552 

Lime, bbls 500 

Drain tile, feet 12,000 

FOREIGN IMPORTS. 

Salt, bush 67,540 

Plaster rock, tons 455 

Spruce knees i, 165 

Grindstones , tons 90 

FOREIGN EXPORTS. 

Shocks, feet 445, 740 

Lumber, feet 1,907,720 



Potatoes, bush 500 

Spars 266 

Ice, tons 890 

Bricks 621,000 

Oars, feet 4.458 

Lime, bbls 600 

Foreign vessels arrived, Britisli, 8; Italian, 2; total, 10. 

The year 1880 was one of the busiest ever experienced by the port 
of Bangor, and the prospect for the coming year is bright. . 

Ch.vs. V. L.'\NSII., Harbor Master. 

Mr. E. F. Dureii contributes the following historic 
note: — 

The first steamboat on the Penobscot, the Maine, 
Captain Cram, arrived in Bangor May 23, 1824. The 
next day it made an excursion to Bucksport. It ran to 
Portland in the summer season. The Bangor, a larger 
boat. Captain George Barker, arrived in 1834, landing 
at the wharf at the foot of Exchange street. This steamer 
was on the route to Portland, and afterwards ran from 
the port of Constantinople, Turkey. There are now two 
steamers of the Sandford line, which ply between Ban- 
gor and the towns on the river to Boston, most of the 
year making three trips weekly. A steamer ran until 
1880 to Portland, making three trips weekly and connect- 
ing with another steamer at the mouth of the river (Rock- 
land) for Mt. Desert, and east as far as Eastport and 
Calais. Steamer run direct to Mt. Desert from Ban- 
gor, and smaller steamers are employed to tow vessels 
up and down the river, and accompany barges on pleas- 
ure excursions. In 1849, small and flat-bottomed steam- 
ers commenced running above Bangor, affording beauti- 
ful views of island, forest, and river scenery. They have 
not, however, been plying of late. 

THE LUMIiER INTEREST. 

We have also the following from Mr. Duren: — 
Lumbering, and the manufacture of lumber in various 
forms, large and small, have largely engaged the attention 
of the people of the county. Lumbermen, mill-men, 
river-drivers, log-drivers, and raftsmen form an active and 
important part of the population. Logging-camps are a 
unique and interesting feature of forest-life. The first 
Surveyor-general of timber was Thomas F. Hatch, ap- 
pointed in 1832. From a report furnished by Colonel 
C. V. Crossman, who has held that office several years, 
it is stated that the amount of boards surveyed at Bangor 
in 1832 was 37,556,093 feet; in 1866 it was 237,147,606; 
in 1872, 246,453,649; in 1878, 122,500,000. From 1832 
to 1843 it was 842,886,233; 1844-55, 2.135.716,416; 
1856-67, 2,122,208,374; 1868-78, 1,953.736,540. To- 
tal for the 47 years, 7.o54.S47,563- Average, 150,069,- 
756 feet. 
The lumber exported coastwise in 1826 was as follows: 

Boards, plank, and joists surveyed. .23,473,180 feet, 
" shipped without survey.... 3,354,000 " 

26,827,180 at $8. 14— $218,471 

4333 tons timber, average price $2.75 per ton 11,929 

99,671 feet, ranging timber, " 2.50 " 2,491 

Shingles, clapboards, and laths 96,000 

Oars, staves, heading, hoops, etc., etc 7,000 

Total estimated value $3351891 



86 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Other statistics, somewhat in detail, will be presented 
in that division of this work treating of the history of 
Hangor. 

Mr. JohnS. Springer, who wrote about 1845 a sprightly 
book on Forest Life and Forest Trees, says that about 
ten thousand men were then engaged in lumbering on 
the Penobscot, and that the number of men, oxen, and 
horses employed in the.sc operations would aggregate 
twenty thousand. He adds the following statistics of 
that period : — 

Number of saw-mills on the Penobscot and tributaries, 
240; of clapboard-machines, 20; of lath-machines, 200. 
Amount of long lumber sawed annually, 200,000,000 feet 
at $10.00 per M; laths sawed annually, 400,000,000 
pieces at $1.00 per M; clapboards sawed annually, 5,500- 
000 pieces at $18.00 per M; shingles sawed and split 
annually, 110,000,000 pieces at $2.50 per M; pickets 
sawed annually, 10,000,000 pieces at $6.50 per M. 

THE ICE INDUSTRY 

is an affair of recent creation and growth, but is already 
extensive, and [iromises to add largely to the revenues of 
the Penobscot valley. 



CHAPTER IX. 



MILITARY RECORD OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY. 

War.s and Warlike Incidents — Fort Pownall Built — The Penobscot 
Valley in the Revolution — The Affair at (.'astine — The War of 1812- 
15 — Destruction of Property at Hampden and Bangor — Roll of 
Militia Out in the Affair — The Aroostook Flurry — Men of Pen- 
obscot in It — The Me.'iican War — Officers from the County — The 
Great Rebellion — The Principal Participants in the Struggles from 
Penobscot — Bangor in the War — Roll of Its Honored Dead — 
Home Guards — State Guards — The First Recruits from Maine — 
Aggregate Enlistments and Other Credits in the County — The 
Roster of Penobscot Soldiers — The First Infantry and First Veteran 
Infantry — The Second Infantry — Third — Fourth — Fifth —Sixth 

— Seventh — Eighth — Ninth — Tenth — Eleventh — Twelfth — 
Thirteenth — Fourteenth — Fifteenth — Si.xleenth — Seventeenth — 
Ninteenth — Twentieth -- Twenty-tirst — Twenty-second — Tvv'en- 
ty-fifth — Twenty-eighth — Twenty-nintli — Thirtieth — Thirty-first 

— Thirty-second — First Infantry Battalion — Third, F'ourlh, Fifth, 
Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, F'ourtcenth, Fif- 
teenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Nineteentli, Twentieth, Twenty-first, 
Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-eighth, and 
Thirtieth Unassigned Companies — Coast Guards Battalion — Militia 
Companies in F'ederal Service — Company D, Second United States 
Sharpshooters — First Maine Sharpshooters — First Cavalry — .Sec- 
ond Cavalry — F'irst Regiment District of Columbia Cavalry — First 
Heavy Artillery — F'irst Mounted Artillery — F'irst Mounted Battery 

— Second Battery —Third — F'ourth — F'ifth — Sixth .Seventh — Enlist- 
ments in the F'irst Army Corps — In Other Commands — in the 
United States Army — In the Navy — List of Substitutes — Statisti- 
cal: Bounties Paid in Penobscot — Aid to Soldiers' Families — Pri- 
vate Benefactions — The Local Militia. 

WARS AND WARLIKE INCIDENTS. 

Notice has heretofore been taken, with probably suffi- 
cient fullness, of most of the martial events in the Penob- 
scot waters. They are as follows : 

161 7. Canoe-loads of Tarratine Indians, numbering 
120 warriors, leave Pannawanske (probably now Old- 



town) on an expedition against some place near the 
mouth of the Kennebec. 

1633. The attack of the F'rench upon the "truck- 
house" of the New-Plymouth colonists founded at Pen- 
obscot five or six years before. 

1635. A renewal of the attack and plunder of the 
trading-house, by the French under D'Aulnay. Counter- 
attack by the English in the vessel Hope, commanded 
by Cirling, resulting in failure. 

1643. Attack by the forces of La Tour upon l)'.\ul 
nay, at Penobscot. Skirmish at D'.Vulnay's mill, near 
the fort (Pentagoet). 

1644. Affair of the F'.nglish and PVench at D'.Aulnay's 
farm-house, five or six miles from the fort, in which 
W'auneston, of the assailants, and one of the Frenchmen, 
were killed. Victory of the English. 

1676. CajJture of Fort Pentagoet from the FVench 
by the Dutch. Expulsion of the Dutch by an English 
exjiedition from Boston. 

1688. Appearance of the frigate Rose before the 
fort, brought to possess it by Governor Andros in person. 
The fort abandoned by the Baron de St. Castine. 
Workmen had been brought to strengthen the fort, but 
it had fallen so much into disrepair that the undertaking 
was dropped. 

1696. Concentration of Indians in two hundred 
canoes at Penobscot, and their union, under Castine, 
with Iberville and Villebon's force for the reduction of 
F'ort William Henry, at Peiriaquid. 

1703. Unjirovoked raid of the ICnglish upon the 
younger Castine, at Penol)scot. I'hey plunder his house 
and perpetrate great spoil. 

1704. Colonel Church, during the Third Indian 
War and upon his fifth Ivistern exiiedition, anchors his 
fleet in the bay and captures three Frenchmen and a 
Canadian Indian upon one of the Green Islands. He 
then takes several of his transports and whale-boats up 
the bay and river, and "killed and took a considerable 
number both of French and Indians" — among the cap- 
tives the Baron Castine's daughter and her children. 
This is the first hostile movement, save that first men- 
tioned and the unrecorded struggles of the Tarratines 
and the Mohawks, upon the river. 

1723. Colonel Westbrook's expedition, of 240 sol- 
diers, against the Indian fort and village on the Penob- 
scot — "probably Nicola's Island, at Passadurnkeag," 
says Judge Godfrey. The place was deserted, and was 
burned by Westbrook's men. 

1725. Captain Heath's expedition from the Kenne- 
bec against the French and Indian village at F'ort Hill, 
near the head of the tide, which was also destroyed. 

1755. Barbarous attack of Captain Cargill and his 
men upon a party of Indian hunters, near Owl's Head, on 
the bay. Twelve of the latter murdered, and a friendly 
squaw and her babe butchered as the scouts return to 
their garrison. The 'Parratines are consequently in- 
volved in the war which had been declared against all 
other Eastern tribes. 

1759. The erection at the Point of Wasaumkeag 
(F'ort Point) of 



HISTORY OK PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



87 



FORT POWNALL. 

This work, or a similar one, on the Penobscot had been 
recommended by Governor Shirley in a message to the 
General Court of Massachusetts three years before, in 
order to assure the possession of the Eastern country to the 
English. Its absolute necessity to the safety of the Eng 
lish possessions in this iiuarter was represented by Gov- 
ernor Pownall to the same body early in 1759, and it 
was resolved that an expedition of four hundred men 
should be dispatched to build the fortification. The 
Governor himself accompanied it, and supervised the 
work. Mr. Williamson gives the following interesting 
account of the preliminaries and the consummation of the 
object of the expedition : 

The enlislnu-nls for the " I'enohscol h'.xpcdilion " were completed 
without troulile or delay. The men being arranged into four compa- 
nies, each of too men, were put under the command of a colonel ; and 
the whole emljarked at Hoston on hoard the ship King George, the 
Massacliusetts sloop, and a few transports; all touching at Falmouth, 
May 4th, as they proceeded to the place of destination. In ascending 
the Penobscot liay, at this pleasant season of the year, the islands and 
shores exhibited a drapery of nature which could not fail to inake a 
deep impression upon the beholder, l-'arther into land, tlie banks in- 
dented with coves, and the acclivities clothed with mast-pines, rock- 
maples, or balsam-firs, the thick forest had power to excite the admi- 
ration of no one more than the Governor himself. It was to him a re- 
flection fraught with deep regret, that this fine country had been so 
long left to the savage hunter, the French renegades, and the wild 
beasts. 

Having examined suntlry places, and taken formal possession of the 
country, tlie Governor selected a crescent crowning elevation on the 
western side of the Potomac (in Prospect), 25 rods from the water's 
edge, and about a league below the foot of Orphan Island, as a site for 
the fortification. It was laid out square with the points of the com- 
pass, the east sHe facing the water; and at each corner were flankers. 
The dimensions of the fort were 360 feet, or 90 feet on each inner side 
of the breastwork, which was ten feet in height. This was circunival- 
lated by a moat or ditch 15 feet in width at top, 5 at bottom, and 8 
deep. ICaeh exterior side of the ditch, or the glacis, was 240 feet. In 
the centre of the ditch were palisadoes quite around the fort, except at 
the portcullis, or entrance at the east side, where a drawbridge 
crossed the excavation or ditch. There was also a pitjuet in the ditch 
at the foot of the wall. The houses of the commander and others 
were situated between the fort and the river. Within the breastwork 
or walls, was a square block-house, 44 feet on a side, with flankers 
at each corner, of diamond form, 33 feet on a side. The whole was 
constructed of square timber dovetailed at the corners, and treenailed. 
The height of the block-house, in 2 stories, was about 22 feet ; the roof 
was square or hipped, and had a sentry-box upon the top. There were 
several cohorns on the roof; and three or four cannon were mounted 
in the area between the breastwork and walls of the block-house, which 
was 20 feel in width. The upper story jutted over the lower about 3 
feet, the space being covered witli loose plank, easily removable. The 
lower story was used as barracks, and in the upper one, where 10 or 12 
small cannon were mounted, garrison exercise was performed in stormy 
weather. There were two chimneys, one in the northwest and the 
other in the southeast corner of the block-house. 

As soon as the laborers had commenced work, the (jovernor, attend- 
ed by General Samuel Waldo, with a guard of 136 men, ascended the 
river, near the head of the tidewaters, below the bend ; and. May 23d, 
went ashore on the westerly side of the river. From this place he sent 
a message to the Tarratine tribe, giving them notice of the enterprise 
undertaken at Fort Point, and assuring them, if they should fall upon 
the English and kill any of them, the whole tribe should be hunted and 
driven from the country. " But," added he, "though we neither fear 
your resentment nor seek your favor, we pity your distresses ; and if 
you will become the subjects of his Majesty and live near the fort, you 
shall have our protection, and enjoy your planting grounds, and your 
hunting berths, without molestation." 

General W.aldo took great interest in this expedition, expecting that 
the Muscongus (or Waldo) Patent extended to some place near the 
spot then visited by tho-in ; and that he and his co-proprietors would de- 
^^erive es.-.ential adv.mtage from the projected forlification. Withdrawing 



a few paces, he looked round and exclaimed, " here is my bound," and 
instantly fell dead of an apoplexy. He was 63 years of age. To com- 
memorate the spot, the Ciovernor buried a leaden plate, bearing an in- 
scription of the melancholy event. General Waldo was a gentleman 
of great enterprise and worth ; and the conspicuous part he acted in 
the first capture of Louisbourg, will be long recollected with intermin- 
gled pleasure and praise. His sons, Samuel and Francis, and the hus- 
bands of his two daughters, Isaac Winslow and Thomas Fluker, were 
the testamentary executors of his large estate, much of which was in 
the last mentioned patent. 

On the 28th of July the fortification, which cost about ^5,000, was 
completed, and called Fort Pownall. It was aftcnvards garrisoned by 
100 men, under the command of Brigadier-General Jedediah Preble. 
It was the most regular and defensible fort in the Province, and the ex- 
penses of building it were reimbursed by Parliament. 

In a subsequent address to the General Court, the Ciovernor stated 
that he had taken possession of a large and fine country belonging to 
the Province, within the dominions of the British crown — long a den 
for savages, and a lurking place for renegade Frenchmen ; and had es- 
tablished that possession by the erection of a fort, which would com- 
mand the river Penobscot and the outlet at Edgemaroggan Reach, the 
rendezvous of the Eastern Indians, in their excursions against our fron- 
tiers. He said the erection of it incurred a less charge to the Province, 
by ,^1,003, than if the same troops had joined the army. Highly 
gratified with the enterprise and its speedy accomplishment, the Gen- 
eral Court voted him their thanks, and granted him ^200, in addition 
to his usual salary of /, 1.300 lawful money. 

Mr. Williamson mistakes in regard to the purport of 
the leaden plate buried "at ye Root of a Large White 
Birch Tree, tliree large Trunks springing from ye one 
Root" — the head of the fust falls opposite Thompson's 
Point, Judge (lodfrey thinks. The Governor's journal 
has since been published, and from it we e-xtract the fol- 
lowing : 

At the He.ad of the Falls— buried a Leaden Plate with the following 
Inscription : 

MAv 23, 1758. Pkovinciv, Mass. Bay. Dominiii.n.s ok Gkkat 
Britain. — Possession conkikmku hy T. Pownai.l, Gov. 

Erected a flag staff. — Hoisted The King's Colors and Saluted them. 

24th. At High Water Returned. Got over the Ledge, and having 
a fair Wind and the Torrent of the Freshes in onr favor, arrived at the 
Camp by two 1'. M. 

I'lirther extracts from this interesting document, with 
the notes of its editor, concerning this ex|)edition and its 
labors, will be read with interest; 

[May, 1759] 8th. Embarked in .ill 333 men. Left the Rest to come 
with Flagg in the Sloops, who brought the luatenals. Proceeded for 
George's. 

9th. At 3, A. M., arrived at the mouth of George's River [now in 
the town of St. George]. At 10, set out for the Fort [Fort tieorges, 
situated in the present town of Thomaston, in front of the location now 
occupied by the mansion of the late General Knox. It was erected in 
1719-20, by the proprietors of the Waldo Patent, and made a public 
garrison soon after. It resisted successfully repeated attacks from In- 
dians and French. The last auack was made in 1758 by a body of 
400.1 in the Barge, Yawl, and six Whaleboats for the Fort St. (jeorge's. 

At 3. 1'. M., arrived Herrick's company came 

u|i in a large Sloop, and L left Capt. CargiU with too men on board the 
King George for further orders, intending he shoultl land on the cast side 
(icorge's River at night, etc, , .' 

Orders to Brigadier Preble to march to the mouth of Pau.segasawac- 

keag, a river that runs into Penobscot about thirty miles from (ieorge's. 

Ordered Lt. Small, a good Surveyor, to chain the whole 

way, and keep a field book. 

,,tl,. . . . Sent oft' Lt. Saunders in the Sloop Massa- 
chusetts to I'almoutli to convoy the Sloops with the Workmen and Ma- 
terials— Taking out of him into the King George all the Intrenching 
Tools. 

Sailed for Penobscot, took with me the two Brick Sloops, and 
Preble's Lighter, with 40 hogsheads of Lime, which I laded at Cieorges. 

Came to anchor off the Green Islands in Penobscot Bay. 

14th. .'\s cold as ever I had felt it all Winter. Came to Sail, and 
[ arrived just before Sunselt off the north of Pausegasewackeag River. 



88 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



iSth. At 4, P. M. Preble arrived, made his Signal, which I answered, 
and he raised his fourth Smoak. Sent for liim aboard. He reported 
to me by the Survey they had marched thirty miles and sixty-four Rod. 

i6th. . . . Sail'd, and about half past four p. M., got 
within about two miles, or a League of Wasaumkeag Point [in the 
present town of Prospect, at the mouth of Penobscot river. It is now 
known as Fort I'oint. Tlie name Wasaumkeag occurs only in Gov. 
Pownalls journal,] and tho' the Breeze strong enough to keep all the 
Sails, Topgallants and all sleeping, yet coud not stem the Torrent of 
the Tide, on the contrary the Ship under no command of the helm — 
whirled about at random, so that C'apt. Hallowell let go the kechger— 
made several attempts, but coud not make it do to-night, so came to 
anchor. 

The Sloop, Patterson, Master, with the Stores and Cannon, arrived 
in the River, but coud not get up to us. Sent two whaleboats, arm'd, 
to Guard her. 

17th. A Fresh Breeze. Sent off two whaleboats with twenty men 
to C'apt. Bean, with Orders to cross over to the Western Shore, and 
take Post on the Opposite Point [Sandy Point, north of Wasaumkeag 
Point J. After several Puzzles, got up into the Harbour within Wasaum- 
keag Point. . . . We landed and Reconnoitred the whole, 
and took post at the Point - and encamjied the men. 

Came again on board -after Dinner sent Preble to see the Carrying 
Place. — He reported to me that it was not above eighty rod across— 
Went again ashore. Ordered a Party to look out for water. Sent 
ashore all the a.\es for clearing. -For having thoroughly Reconnoitred 
this Point, as I never yet saw so well suited a Site for a Fort, so I 
iinagin'd I should not find one more proper throughout this River. 
However, made no Determination about fixing the Fort. 

i8ih. Daylight, ashore, Clearing. Ordered them to set about Dig- 
ging a well. Sent off l.t. Small to survey the whole Neck, Capt. 
Nichols, with the Pickets to Guard him. Order'd a Breast Work or 
Barricade to be made round the Camp. 

Had a Return of Water, three spiings— Gave Orders for clearing tliem 
and fixing barrels to them. 

P. M. Barricade almost finished. Orders to Brigadier Preble to 
send two OflSccrs and 40 men early next morning, with 20 axes to clear 
the carrying place about a Rod wide from side to side. One Officer 
with 20 men to keep Guard the other, with 20 to work, Spell and Spell 
— To compleal the Breast Work, and have a detachment of 150 choice 
men, ofiicers included, ready to embark at a minute's warning in Whale 
boats with three Days' Provisions. 

Finish the Hospital. 

19th. .Ashore at the Carrying Place. Found it clear'd so as to see 
from water to water. Order'd Capt. Bean to build a I-ogg Redoubt ac- 
cording to Form I gave him, with a Guard room in it for an Officer and 
25 men, and wlien compleated to 'come off, leaving such Guard there. 
-Sent ashore from the King George some Swivel Cohorns to fix on the 
Breast Work at the Camp. Went to the Camp. Found that the Wei 
Diggers had come to good Water. — Drank Punch made of it. Recon- 
noitred the Springs and the Point, looking a proper Scite for llie F'ort 
in case 1 determined to fix on this Point. 

At night Kt. Small relurn'd from the Survey. 

20th. Visited the Post at the Carrying place. Found Ll. I'reble had 
finished the Redoubt and Ciuard house which Capt. Bean began. 

Thence to Camp. Order'd the like avenue to be cut across the iioinl 
where 'tis narrowest, not above 70 rods, to have the same kind of Re- 
doubt and G\iard hoii.se built there. 

'lliis executed in two hours' time. . . . In the afternoon 
Order'd a road to be cut about two Rods wide in a Direct Line East and 
West to avenue on tho narrow of the Point. 'I'iiis executed before 
night. 

24th. . . . I'pon this Reconnoitring the River, and find- 
ing no place e<iual to this Point of Wassaumkeag either for Defence by 
its Scite, being nowhere commanding, and on the contrary having avery 
great command of the River and the Passes near it, Determined this to 
be the place for the Fort, erected the Flag Staff, and hoisted the King's 
Colours with all the Ceremonies usual on such Occasions, adding Divine 
Service to beg God's Blessing, for unless the Lord builds the House, 
the Laborer worketh but in vain. 

25th. Ordered the Cellar and Foundation at the Fort to be com- 
pleated. [The location selected by Governor Pownall is twenty-five 
rods from the water's edge, and about the same distance from Fort 
Point Light house. J At evening buried Brigd. Waldo at the Point near 
the FKagg Staff, with the honours of War in our Power. 

26th. Saw the First Floor and Tier of timber laid, the cellai being 
finished. 



Set out the Lines for a Parapett, Ditch, and Glacis. Gave Mr. Bur 
beck, whom I had appointed Engineer and Overseer, particular direc- 
tions in what manner to compleat the Works in each Part, as the 
Ground lay and showed him it on the spot. 

About noon left Wasumkeag, and went in the sloop Massachusetts to 
Pentaget, with Capt. Cargill and 20 men. 

27th. Next day to Cape Ann. Next day, about Sunset, 28th to 
Castle William. 

The fort was completed July 6, 1759. The General 
Court, on the loth of June, voted to call the fortificatioa 
Fort Pownall, in honor of the Governor. A garrison was 
constantly maintained at this fort until the Revolutionary 
War. In 1775, Mowett, with a British man of war, dis- 
mantled the fort, by removing all the guns and ammuni- 
tion, and in July of the same year. Colonel CargiU, of 
New Castle, burned the block-house and all the wooden 
works to the ground, fearing that they would be occupied 
by the enemy to the prejudice of the neighboring inhab- 
itants. The ruins of Fort Pownall are now distinctly 
visible in front of the Fort Point Hotel, and the remains 
of the breastworks are quite prominent. /Ml traces of 
the buildings, e.xcept one excavation and a few stones, 
have disa])peared. 

The importance of this work to the future of Maine 
can hardly be overestimated. Judge Godfrey says in his 
Address at the Bangor Centennial: 

In consequence of this act of Governor Pownall, the territory between 
the Penobscot and the St. Croix rivers was embraced in the territory of 
the United States under the Treaty of Paris of 1783. Had it not been 
for this act of occupation, the country east of the Penobscot river would 
at this time ha\e been, probably, a part of the Province of New Bruns- 
wick. 

TH1-: REVOLCTIONARY WAR. 

was attended by few stirring incidents in the valley ot 
the Penobscot, whither comparatively few settlers had 
yet ventured. No doubt some of the brave men of " Ken- 
duskeag Plantation," of " New Worcester," and of Ham- 
den smelt British gunpowder during the patriotic 
struggles; but we have not been able to obtain their roll 
of honor. It is known that a company of twenty white 
men and ten Indians — the latter from the Tarratines, 
whose services were offered to the Massachusetts Govern- 
ment by Orono and other chiefs — served and that Andrew 
(iilman was their lieutenant commanding, and Joseph 
Mansell orderly sergeant. This, says Judge Godfrey, 
"was the first military organization, and a rude fort, at 
the angle of the roads just above Mount Hope, was their 
headquarters. They acted as rangers until the British 
occupied Bagaduce or Casline, in 1779. 

Nor was the right feeling altogether wanting in the 
valley of the Penobscot, although some of its people 
afterwards proved recreant to tho Revolutionary cause. 
Mr. F^^lihu Hewes, writing from " Wheelersborough " 
(Hampden) to the lamented Dr. Warren, president of the 
Provincial Congress, June 9, 1775, stoutly said: 

The people here, I am confident, will support it [tiie cause of the 
colonists] to the last moment of their lives, being willing in general to 
encounter any difficulty, [rather] than to yield to that Band of Tyranny 
whose plodding pates have long projected methods to enslave us. 

At least two of the patriots in this quarter suffered 
shar[)ly for his [Principles. Mr. Joseph Page, a native of 
Rhode Island, who lived during some part of the Revo- 
lution near Mount Hope, refused to take the oath of al- 




Residence of A, F. BRADBURY, Dexter, Maine. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



89 



legiance to the English crown, and was driven off, his 
house burnt, and his stock stolen by the red-coated min- 
ions of King George. James Nichols, at Eddington 
Bend, also had his house burned for the same reason. 
A few others took the oath, and found employment at 
small wages among the British at Castine, where some of 
the patriots were also compelled to labor. 

The principal events affecting the Penobscot country 
occurred on the peninsula of Castine, whence the British 
dominated this entire region during the latter half of the 
war. Mr. Williamson thus narrates the Uiajor part of the 
story, in the second volume of his History, under date of 
the year 1779: 

General McLane and al^out nine hundred men, embarking at Halifax, 
and attended iiy a fleet of seven or eight sail, proceeded to the peninsula 
of major biguyduce. called "Biguyduce Neck," (now Castine), and 
landed, June 12, without opposition. They immediately cleared away 
the trees and underwood, and began to m.ike prej^arations for erecting 
a fortification upon the high ground in the central part of the penin- 
sula. Its form was rectangular or square with a bastion at each angle; 
and its outlines were so drawn as to embrace an area large enough to 
admit of a block-house in the centre, constructed with apartments for 
the officers and barracks for the soldiery. It was intended to environ 
the embankment with a deep moat and secure it by pickets. Three 
sloops-of-\var, under Captain H. Mowett, of detested memory, were as- 
signed to this station: and the rest of the fleet in a kw days left liie 
harbor. 

Partaking largely of the general alarm, Brigadier-General Cushing 
of Pownalborough, addressed a letter on the 24th to the Gen- 
eral Court, then in session, advising an immediate expedition to dis- 
lodge the invaders, before they had time to entrench themselves. The 
important subject had already been considered by that body, and 
directions were forthwith given the Board of W'ar to engage or employ 
such armed vessels. State or National, as could be procured and pre- 
pared to sail in six days; to cliarter, or, if necessary, to impress in the 
harbors of Boston, Salem, Beverly, and Newburyport, a number of 
private armed vessels, belonging to individuals, competent, wl'.en joined 
with the others, for the enterprise; to promise the owners a fair com- 
pensation for all losses and damages they might sustain ; to allow 
seamen the pay aiul rations of those in the Continental service; and to 
procure the necessary outfits and provisions with all possible despatch. 
Also the Executive Council ordered Cushing and Thompson, brigadiers 
of the militia in Lincoln and Cumberland, to detach severally six hun- 
dred men, and form them into two regiments for a campaign of two 
months, subserjuent to tlieir arrival in the Penobscot, and to avoid, 
in any event, the failure of having a sufficient force, Brigadier-General 
Frost was directed to detail three hundred men from the Vtjrk militia, 
for the purpose of a reinforcement. 

The supjilies and munitions of war provided were g tons of flour and 
bread, to of rice, and loof salt beef; 1,200 gallons of rum and molasses, 
in equal quantities: 500 stands of arms; 50,000 musket i^artridges with 
balls, 2 i8-pounders. with 200 rounds of cartridges: 39-pounders. with 
300 rounds; 4 field-pieces; 6 barrels of gunpowder, and a sufticiency of 
axes, spades, tents, and camp utensils. 

The fleet consisted of rg armed vessels and 24 transports. If it 
were in grade comparatively a flotilla, one more beautiful had never 
floated in the li.astern waters. It carried in all 344 guns. At the head 
of the armament was the Warren, a fine new Continental frigate of 32 
guns, 18 and 12-pounders. Of tlie others there were 9 ships, 6 brigs, 
and 3 sloops. 

The command was entrusted to Richard Saltonstall, of New Haven, 
in Connecticut — a man of good capacity and of some naval ex]K'ri- 
ence, but of an obstinate disposition. His officers were chiefly com- 
manders of privateers, severally bound on a cruise as soon as the expe- 
dition was at an end. There were, besides sailors, between three and 
four hundred marines and soldiers on board, when tlie fleet sailed from 
Massachusetts; and the transports were to take on board twelve hun- 
dred detailed militiamen and volunteers from Thompson's and Cush- 
ing's brigades. One hundred men had actually embarked at Boston, 
who belonged to Lieutenant-Colonel Revere's celebrated battalion of 
State troops, in that vicinity. The command of the land forces was 
given to Solomon Lovell. of Weymouth, at that time brigadier-general 
of the .Suffolk niiliti.i. He was by profession an agriculturist, and in 



the militia an officer of high repute. He was a man of courage and 
proper spirit, a true old Roman character, that would never flinch 
from danger; but he had not been accustomed to tlie command of an 
expedition in actual service. The second in command was Peleg 
Wadsworth, at that time the adjutant-general of the Massachusetts 
militia. He had been in actual service, an aid-de-camp to Major-Gen- 
eral Ward, .and commandant of a militia regiment from Essex to 
Rhode Island, in the expedition under General Sullivan at the time of 
his action there with the enemy. The ordnance was entrusted to the 
superintendence of Lieutenant-Colonel Revere. The expedition was 
put in motion by Massachusetts, though with the knowledge of Con- 
gress; and hence a draft was m.ade upon the State treasury for ^50,000 
to defray the expenses, exclusive of the provisions which the merchants 
in Newburyport and .Salem supplied for six of the fleet two months. 

With so much celerity had this expedition been prepared and put in 
motion that the whole force made its appearance July 25th, in Penob- 
scot. But a distinguished officer has said that, though the Govern- 
ment had ordered out at least 12,000 of the militia, we had less than 
1,000 men — about the number of the enemy. They were undis- 
ciplined troops, having been paraded together only once, and this was 
at Townshend, their place of rendezvous, while the vessels were 
detained in the harbor by a head-wind. They were, however, brave 
and spirited men, willing to encounter the enemy; and had circum- 
stances justified an attack, they would without doubt have done their 
duty manfully. 

General McLane, having heard of the .■American fleet four days be- 
foie its arrival, used every exertion to render his fortification defensible. 
Yet he was ill-prepared to receive a visit from an enemy. Two of the 
intended bastions were not begun; the other two were in no place above 
five feet high; many parts of the ditch did not exceed three feet in 
depth; there was no platform laid nor artillery mounted; and therefore, 
when he had the news of a meditated attack, he employed his troops 
day and night upon the works. Still he was fully aware of his weak 
condition; consequently, as soon as our fleet made its appearance, he 
despatched a messenger with the intelligence to Halifax. 

Nothing was attempted on tlie 2nd day after arrival, owing to the 
surf occasioned by a brisk wind from the South. But early in the morn- 
ing of the 3d day, July 28th, it being calm and foggy, our vessels were 
drawn up in a line beyond the reach of musket-shot from the enemy; and 
200 of the militia and 200 of the marines were ordered into theboatsfrom 
the ship[)ing, ready at the signal to push for the shore. Mowett had taken 
a judicious position, which enabled him to command the mouth of the 
harbor and prevent a landing on the southerly side of the peninsula. 
A trench had been transversely cut nearly across the isthmus at the 
northward, which severed the neck from the main and secured the 
liasses in that ciuarter. No landing could be affected, except on the 
western side, which was a precipice 200 feet high, steep, and extremely 
ditticult of access; also there was a line of the enemy posted upon the 
cliffs or heights, who opened a brisk fire upon us (as an .American offi- 
cers tales), just as our boats reached the shore. We,stepped out, and 
they were immediately sent back. From the enemy's shipping there w.is 
now a stream of fire over our heads, and from the top of the cliffs a 
shower of musketry in our faces. We soon found the summit at this 
jilace inaccessible, and we divided into three parties; one defiloyed to 
the right and one to the left, in search of a practicable ascent, the cen- 
tre keeping up an unceasing fire to distract the attention of the enemy. 
Both parties succeeded in gaining the heights; yet, closing upon the en- 
emy in the rear rather too soon gave them a chance to escape, and 
they fled, leaving thirty killed, wounded, and taken. The conflict was 
short but sharp, for we lost one hundred out of four hundred men on ■ 
the shore and Imnk, the marines suffering most as they forced their 1 
way up the precipice. The engagement lasted only twenty minutes, an 
would have been highly ajiplauded, had success finally attended the 
expedition. There was not, in fact, a more brilli.ant exploit of itsel 
than this, during the war. We next threw up some slight fortifications 
within seven hundred yards of the enemy's main works. 

A council of war was called of the land and naval officers the same 
morning. The former were for summoning the garrison to surrender, 
offering them honorable terms; but the Commodore and most of his 
officers were ojiposed to the measure. It was next proposed to storm 
(he fort; but as the marines had suffered so severely in effecting a land- 
ing, the Commodore refused to disembark any more of them, and 
even threatened to recall those on shore. Our force was thought in- 
sufficient to drive the enemy from the fort; and the assistance wanted 
iwas communicated to Government by special messengers, sent in 
whale-boats to Boston. On application to General Gates, then com- 
nianding at Providence, he detached Colonel Jackson's regiment of 



9° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Continental troops as a re-enforcement, who were stopped at Fal- 
mouth. 

In the meantime General Lovell reduced the enemy's outworks and 
batteries, took several field pieces, and by indefatigable labor every 
night upon zigzag intrenchnicnts, ai)proached within fair gunshot of 
the garrison; so that a man seldom in daylight showed his head above 
the enemy's works. It w.as afterwards fully ascertained that General 
McLane w.as prepared to capitulate, if a surrender had been demand- 
ed. But .Saltonstall was self-willed and unreasonable. He and the 
General disagreeing as to the plan of operations, added one more to 
thousands of fatalities incident to dissension. Wadsworth was the 
best officer on the ground. He urged upon General Lovell the cspe- 
diency of kcei)ing open a good retreat, as one of the first maxims Of 
war. For this purpose he chose a place on the west bank of the river, 
near the Narrows, below the he.ad of Orphan Island, and recommend- 
ed the establishment of some works there, whither "our men might 
retreat should there be necessity, or make a stand in case of pursuit." 
But Lovell opposed this, alleging that it would dishearten our troops, 
or rather evince to them "our own despair of success." 

A fortnight's time gave the British every advantage, tiencral Mc- 
Lane, by skilful industry and jjerseverance, filled the gorge of one bas- 
tion with logs, surrounded the other with fascines and earth ten 
feet thick, laid a platform and mounted .several cannon, environed the 
fort with a kind of chevuiix dii /rise, and enclosed the whole with an 
abatis. At intervals Commodore .Saltonstall mancj;uvred to enter the 
harbor, and day by day renewed a cannonade from tlie shipping. On 
the land, too, there were fre()uent and fruitless skirmishes, occasioned 
principally by reason of Lovell's exertions to cut ofif all communication 
between McLane and Mowett. In the midst of their solicitude, a de_ 
serter Informed McLane that his camp and Mowett's vessels were to 
be attacked the next day by the whole .American force. Had the 
attempt been essayed two days earlier, it might have met with brilliant 
success. But the fortunate day had passed; and little else remained to 
the .Americans than disaster. 

A s])y-vcssel brought Lovell news, .August 13th, that a British flecj 
of seven sail was in the outer waters of I'enobscot Bay, standing in 
towards the peninsula. A retreat was immediately ordered by General 
Lovell, and conducted during the night by General Wadsworth with 
so much silence and skill that the whole of the American troops were 
embarked undiscovered. As the British scjuadron entered the harbor 
the next morning, it was found to consist of a large man-of-war, a 
frigate, two ships, two brigs, and a sloop, commanded by .Sir George 
Collier, ten days from .Sandy Hook, near Halifax, and carrying 200 
guns and 1,500 men. 

Saltonstall drew up his fleet in the form of a crescent, with the 
apparent design of maintaining his position; though, in fact, for the 
purpose of checking the enemy's advance till the land forces on board 
the transports could be conveyed to some places of safety or retreat up 
the river or upon the western shores. Confident of his entire superior- 
ity. Sir (Jeorge advanced without delay and poured in upon his enemy 
a heavy broadside, which threw the American fleet into confusion and 
caused a disorderly (light. Most of the transports retreated up the 
river; several went ashore at the foot of the narrows, fioiii which the 
men took some ijrovisions; and after landing and setting the vessels 
on fire, four companies collected and were led off by General Wads- 
worth to Camden. Others, against a strong tide, were able to ascend 
the river. 

A general chase and indiscriminate destruction ensued. The Hunt- 
er and Defiance, endeavoring to get by the head of Long Island 
[Islcsborough] to sea, through the western passage, were intercepted, 
and the Hunter ran ashore with every sail standing; which, after a 
smart skirmish between her crew and Lieutenant Maekey with a party 
of fifty men from the Raisonable, fell into their hands. The Defiance 
hid herself in a small creek, where her crew, finding the Camilla was 
n search for her, blew her up about midnight. The Sky Rocket met 
the same fate from her crew, near Fort Point Ledge. The brig Active 
was burnt off Brigadier's Island. The residue of the fleet, by means 
of oars and studding sails all set. also the transports, made good their 
retreat into Marsh Bay, closely pursued by the British squadron. Here 
the Hampden, being overtaken, surrendered; and at the same time 
prizes were made of the Nancy and the Rover. The frigate Warren 
was committed to the flames by her crew at Oak Cove, half a league 
above Fiankfort village. The Gen. Putnam and the Vengeance, hav- 
ing ascended still higher, were Ixirnt ojiijosite Hampden. The others, 
being the Monmouth, Sally, Black I'rince, Hazard, Diligence, Tyran- 
nicide, Providence Sloop, Spring Bird. Hector, and several transports, 



ascended to places above and just below the mouth of the Kendus- 
keag, where they were all blown up or set on fire by their own crews, 
to prevent their falling into the possession of the enemy. 

A prodigious wreck of property, a dire eclipse of reputation, and 
universal chagrin, were the fruits of this expedition, in the promotion 
of which there had licen such an exalted display of public spirit, both 
by the Government and individuals. Our whole loss of men was prob- 
.ably not less than 150; that of the enemy 85. So great pecuniary 
damage at this critical period of the war, and of the .State finances 
was a severe misfortune. In short, the whole connected was suffi- 
ciently felt; for it filled the country with grief as well as murmurs. 

The officers and men, landing at different places on the western 
shores of the river, among inhabitants few, scattered, and indigent, 
immediately took up their match westward, through a wild and track- 
less country, thirty leagues or more, as they travelled it, to the first set- 
tlements upon the river Kennebec. Guided by Indians, they pro- 
ceeded in detached parties, suffering every privation. For, not being 
aware of the journey and fatigue which they had to encounter, they 
had taken with them provisions altogether insufficient: and some who 
were infirm or feeble actually jjcrished in the woods. A moose or 
other animal was occasionally killed, which, being roasted upon coals, 
was the most precious if not the only morsel many of them tasted 
during the latter half of their travels. 

A Court of Inquiry into the conduct of this most un- 
fortunate expedition was ordered by the Massachusetts 
Legislature, which found that "the princijial reason of 
the failure was the want of proper spirit and energy on 
the part of the Commodore." Saltonstall was accord- 
ingly cashiered, and rendered ever after incompetent to 
hold a commission in the service of the State. The 
conduct of Generals 1 .ovell and Wadsworth was ap- 
proved and they were honorably ac(piitted. The cost of 
the expedition added very seriously to the burdens of 
the State. 

Among the British officers at Castine during the affair 
was a young lieutenant who was afterwards the hero of 
Corunna, Sir John Moore, so celebrated in song and 
story. 

Ten of the vessels, says Judge Godfrey, or about half 
the whole number that entered the river, reached the site 
of Bangor, and were blown up by their crews near the 
mouth of the Kenduskeag. .\n attempt was made about 
thirty years afterwards, Ijy one Clifford, to secure pro|)- 
erty from the wrecks by means of a diving-bell. /\ccord- 
ing to "Remarks relative to the Settlement of Bangor," 
made many years ago by Jacob McGaw, esq., he ob- 
tained "less than thirty of the cannon and a few tons of 
balls from the bed of the river. When first exposed to 
the air, the iron of the guns was so soft that it could be 
about as easily cut with a knife as a common lead pencil, 
and then it entirely resembled black lead in appearance. 
On each succeeding day it became so much harder as to 
be entirely impervious to the knife in four or five days of 
e.\])osure." 

A very neat manuscript copy, made in 1S46 by Mr. 
George VV. Snow, of a book published in London in 
1781, and of which but one copy was known to be in 
existence, is in the library of the Mci^hanics' Association 
in liangor. Its principal title is "The Siege of Penob- 
scot by the Rebels," and its author was John C'alef, esq., 
a volunteer in the British forces there engaged. A "post- 
script" gives a brief but interesting account of the Pen- 
obscot country, from which we make some extracts 
elsewhere. The same work has been published in Dr. 
Wheeler's History of Castine, as an appendix. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



9' 



The remains of the British earthworks, upon the 
heights of the peninsula of Castine, hack of the village, 
are still remarkably well preserved. 



THE \V.\R OF 1812-15. 

]',)• this time the valley of the Penobscot was able to 
turn out from its numerous settlements a considerable 
contingent o( hiave soldiery, to do battle for the rising 
Republic. This war, largely upon and near the sea, the 
people of Maine, whose habitations were mostly by the 
seaboard, or within easy reach of it, shared fully in the 
hazards and dangers of the conflict. Their services 
were consequently volunteered in numbers to the (lov- 
ernment, especially upon occasion of an inroad by the 
enemy. 'I'lie affairs on the river in early September, 
1 814, drew out most of the militia, who participated in 
the war. The following rolls of participants from this 
region are preserved in the office of the Adjutant-Cieneral 
at .-Vugusta : 

l;kli;.\l)K AMI srATF officers in service at and near IIAMl'DEN, 
1ST TO 4TII SEPTEMBER, 1814. 

Jijlin Blake, brigadier-gener.il, First Brigade, Brewer. 

diaries Blal<e. (|uarlermaster, Brewer. 

Francis Carr, jr., aide-de-camp, liangor. 

Elijah B. Goodridge, aide-de-camp, Bangor. 

Charles Ulmer, aide-de-camp, Hampden. 

John Crosby, jr., quartermaster, Hampden. 

(The last two were not called into actual service). 

COLONEL GRANT'.S REGIMENT. 

Roll of the field and staff of Lieutenant-Colonel 
Andrew Grant's Regiment of Militia, being the Third 
regiment. First brigade, and Tenth division in service at 
and near Hamjiden, from ist to 4th September, 1814. 

Andrew Grant, lieutenant-colonel, Hamptlen. 
Joshua Chamberlain, major, I-irewer. 
Rufus Gilmore, adjutant. 
Enoch Mudge, chaplain, Orrington. 
Edmund Abbott, surgeon's mate, Frankfort. 
Cyrus Brewer, quartermaster, Orrington, 
Andrew Tyler, jr., paymaster, Frankfort, 

Roll of Captain Peter Newcomb's company of militia 
in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Crant's regiment, raised 
in Hampden, and in service there and vicinity from the 
I St to the 3d of September, 18 14: 

CliMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Peter Newcomb, Hampden. 
Lieutenant Jonathan Knowles, Hampden. 
Ensign Stephen Dabbor, Hampden. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Allen Rogers. 

Sergeant Joshua .Sparrow. 

Sergeant J osiah Ware. 

Sergeant Jonathan Kendall. 

Musician Thomas Williams. 

privates. 

Ebenezer Atwood, Jeremiah Baker, Sanborn Hlaisdell, Samuel H. 
Cobb, Dennis Doan, .Amos Doan, Edward Doan, James Dunton, 
Robert Dunning, Benjamin Emerson, Jonas Emery, William I-anery, 
N.athan Emerson, John Gould, Austin Harding, William Higgins, 
Benjamin Hopkins, James Hopkins, Josiah Hopkins, Misha Higgins, 
Abiather Knowles, Bryant Linning, John Murch, Joseph ^Layo, James 
Mayo, jr., Joseph Myrick, Nathaniel Mayo, jr., Simeon Mayo, Thomas 
Mayo, Israel Mayo, jr. , Reuben Myrick, David Piper, Benjamin Porter, 
Asa Porter, Samuel I'alton, John Perkins, Francis Rider, Richard 
Stublis, Eben Stubbs, Edward .Stubbs, Henry Smith, Freeman Snow, 
William Snow, Barker Turner, Andrew Tarr, Samuel Webber, Aaron 
Wiley, jr,, John Ward, Bartlelt West. 



Roll of Captain Warren Ware's company of militia 
in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, raised 
in Orrington and in service at Hampden and vicinity 
from the 2d to the 4th of Sej)tember, 18 14: 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Cai^t.iin Warren Ware, Orrington. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.S. 

Sergeant .Simon Fowler. 
Sergeant 'I'heophilus Nickerson. 
Sergeant John Brook. 
.Sergeant Warren Nickerson. 

PRIV.VTES. 

Jesse .'\twood, jr., Benjamin Atwood, Nathaniel Baker, Richard 
Baker, David Baker, Doan Boddersliall, Frederick Boddershall, Amasa 
Bartlett, Joseph Doane, Nathaniel Dyer, Ephraim Doane, William 
Doane, Phinehas Downs, Elihu Dole, Seth Eldridge, Hezekiah Eld- 
ridge, jr., Thomas Freeman, James Freeman, jr., Nathaniel Gould, jr. 
Ephraim Hopkins, Jesse Harden, Stillm.an Kent, William Kent, 
Richard Kent, William Marston, John Nickerson, Eliphalet Nicker- 
son, Paul Nye, David Pierce, Nathaniel Pierce, Cyrus Rice, Stephen 
Rider, Joseph Rooks, .Samuel Rider, jr., .Atkins Rider, Henry Rogers, 
Smith Rogers, Richard Rider, Ephraim Snow, Joseph Snow, Daniel 
Snow, Harvey C. Snow. S.amuel Severance, Reuben Severance, John 
Severance, Zenas Smitli, William M. Vorrill, Edward Weeks, Ebenezer 
Wheddon, John Willard, John Wintwooth, Thomas Wiswell. 

Roll of Caj)tain Samuel IJutman's company of mili- 
tia in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, 
raised in Dixmont and in service at and near Hamjiden, 
31st August to 3d September, 1814. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Samuel Butman, Dixmont. 
Lieutenant Richard P. Clarkson, Dixmont. 
Ensign Frederick A. Butnam, Dixmont. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Edmund Wingate. 

Sergeant John Chadbourn. 

Sergeant Lemuel Drake. 

Sergeant Jonathan Ferguson. 

Sergeant Benjamin Porter. 

Corporal William Ferguson. 

Corporal Nathaniel Hanscomb. 

Corporal John Odell. 

Corporal Simeon Obron. 

PRIVATES. 

Joseph Basford, Henry Baker, Jonathan Basford, John Barker, Ste- 
phen Barker, John Buckman, jr., Moses Chick, George Cook, George 
Craig, James Cook, Eliphalet Chase, Stephen Carl, Samuel Dodge, Jo- 
seph Emery, Timothy Freeman, Edmund Ferreld, Ira Goodhue, John 
Garland, Reuben Goospeed, Benjamin Godfrey, Samuel Higgins, Da- 
vid Johnson, David Johnson 2d, Jeremiah McKansiek, John Mitch- 
ell, Charles Mitchell, Milby Mitchell, Christopher Mitchell, George 
Morse, Nathaniel Mudgett, Edmund Mudgett, Abraham Mudgett, 
Barnet Morse, James W. Merrill, David Porter, Tyler Porter, Da- 
vid Pierce, Samuel Pierce, Richard .Staples, John .Smith, Elijah Smith, 
Rowland Taylor, Ebenezer Fasker, John Thurston, Cornelius Williams, 
Joseph York, Stephen York. 

Roll of Captain James Patton's company of militia 
in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, raised 
in Hampden and in service there and vicinity, from ist 
to 3d September, 1814. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain James Patton, Hampden. 
Lieutenant Abel Ruggat, Hampden. 
Ensign John Miller, Hampden. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Robert Miller, jr. 
Sergeant William Potter, jr. 
Sergeant Nathaniel Gelvin. 
.Sergeant Richard Gelvin. 



92 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



John Ulagdon, Samuel Benson, Selh Cole, George Cowin, Jonallian 
Cowan, Jacob Cowan, John Dunham, George Dunham, Jesse Dun- 
ham, Stephen Emerson, Wilder Johnson, Daniel Emerson, Samuel 
Fanium, I'etcr Goolin, Asa Hunt, Ehsha Hewes, David Hewes, Ehene- 
zer C. Hinkley, Erancis Jennis, Timothy Miller, Benjamin Miller, 
Henry Miller, James Miller, Andrews Pomeroy, John I'alton, 2d, 
William I'omeroy, Daniel I'ickard, William V. Reed, John Kol.binson, 
Isaae Robliinson, Jeremiah Swan, James Taylor, Joseph Pomeroy, jr. 

Roll of ('ajitain John Emery's comjMny of militia in 
Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, raised in 
llanijiden, service there ist to 3d September, 1814. 

COMMISSION!:!-) OI'l-!Cl-:!iS. 

Captain John ICmery, jr., llamixlen. 
Eieulenant William H. Reeil, Hampden. 
Ensign Daniel Einei'y. 

NON-COMMISSroNK!) OI^'FICKKS. 

Sergeant Samuel Libby. 
Sergeant Jacob Jones. 
Sergeant Daniel Grant. 
Sergeant Bangs Young. 
Musician Simeon Stone. 
Musician Zenas Dexter. 
Musician Benjamin Higgins. 

I'KIVATICS. 

Solomon Covell, William Cobb, Williain Cornish, Jesse S. Dean, 
James Dudley, Ereeiuan Dean, Isaiah Dean, Amos Dow, William 
Flagg, Allen Hopkins, Seth Higgins, Reed Harding, Benjamin Hardy, 
Cyrus Higgins, Lemuel Hamilton, Samuel K. Jones, Hawes Mayo, jr.^ 
Walter Murch, Solomon Myrick, Arad H. Pomeroy, John Perkins, 
John Rodgers, Daniel Smith, John Smith, Micajah Snow, Reuben 
Young, Zebulon Young, jr. 

MAJOR George's battalion. 
Field and staff roll of Major Thomas George's bat- 
talion of militia taken from Lieutenant-Colonel John 
Whiting's regiment, being the Fourth regiment, First 
brigade. Tenth division, and in service at and near 
Hampden, 2d to 4th September, 1814. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Major Thomas George, Brewer. 
Adjutant Thomas Carr, jr., Bangor. 

Roll of Captain Solomon Blake's company of militia 

in KLijor Thomas (leorge's battalion, raised in Brewer 

and in service at and near Hampden 2d to 4th September, 

1814- 

COMMISSIONED OFFICEKS. 

Ca]>tain Solomon Blake, Brewer. 
Lieutenant Emmons Kingsbury, Brewer. 
Ensign Charles Levins, Brewer. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICEKS. 

Sergeant William Copeland. 
Sergeant Joseph Copeland. 
Musician Davis Silby. 
Musician Benjamin Farrington. 
Musician F.zekiel Mcro. 

I'lilVATES. 

Billings Blake, Charles Blake, .Alanson Burr, Sanborn BlasdcU, Abi- 
jah C^impbell, Benjamin Coombs, Rossel Fish, Elias Field, Alexander 
A. Fisher, Daniel Farrington, Silas Farrington, Peter Field, Jacob 
Hart, jr., Russell Hart, Calvin Ilolbrook, F.lijah Jones, Nathan Kings- 
bury, Jacob Marr, Loring Pond, Jeremiah Truworthy, Levi Torrener, 
Augustine White, Benjamin Winchester, Charles Winchester. 

Roll of ('a|)tain Lot Rider's comi)any of militia in 
Major Thomas George's battalion, raised in ]'',ddington, 
and in service at and near Hampden 2d to 4th Septem- 
bei', 1 8 14. 



COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
Captain Lot Rider, Eddington. 
Lieutenant John Holyoke, Eddington. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant William Rider. 
Sergeant Joseph Severance. 
Musician Asa Howard. 

PRIV.\TES. 

Mollis Bond, Williain Brown, Lemuel Cobb, Ephraim Johnson' 
Daniel Johnson, David Lovell, Benjamin Snow, Daniel .Stearns, Benja- 
min Severance, P.enjamin Tainter, Israel Snow, John Tibbets, Benjamin 
Weed, Jonathan W'ood. 

Roll of Captain Daniel \Vebster's company of militia 
in Major Thomas George's battalion, raised in Orono, 
and in service at and near Hampden 2d to 4th Sej)- 
tember, 1814. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICEKS. 

Captain Daniel Webster, Orono. 
Lieutenant Robert McPhihe, Orono. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Lynde Valentine. 
Serge.ant Robert Boyd. 
Sergeant Mark M. Burns. 
Sergeant Elijah Webster. 
Musician John Hock. 
Musician Sasson Weston. 

PRIVATES. 

Samuel G. Adams, Joseph W. Boynton, Nathaniel Boynton, Robert 
Boynton, John Clark, Daniel Dresser, Gideon Dutton, .Samuel Free- 
man, Allen Freeman, Henry George, Silas Hartshorn, 2d, Joseph 
Hartshorn, Richard McGrath, David Hartshorn, 2d, Josiah Hartshorn 
David Hartshorn, Ashbel Hartshorn, John Howard, John Ham, Ed- 
ward S. Jarvis, Jolin Kenney, Daniel Lambert. Joseph Lambert, John 
Lancaster, Levi Lancaster, Thomas D. Liscom, Stephen Perkins, 
W'illiam Randall, Isaac Spencer, Warren Thompson, John Webster, 
.Andrew Cross. 

Roll of Captain Timothy Sibley's company of militia in 
Major Thomas George's battalion, raised in Eddington 
and in service at and near Hampden 2d to 4th Septem- 
ber, 1814. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Timothy Sibley, Eddington. 
Lieutenant Samuel Call, Eddington. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Billings Clap. 
Sergeant Eleazer Eddy. 
Sergeant Jesse Cousins. 

PRIVATES. 

James Anderson, Joel Burton, Joshua Butler, Benjamin Barnes, David 
Burton, Bradley Blackman, .Abraliani Chick, jr., Allen Crane, Moses 
Collins, Daniel Collins, Charles Comins, Joseph Davis, Randal Doug- 
lass, Stephen Grant, jr., Judin Grant, Lemuel Gulliver, Thomas Gulli- 
ver, Nehemiah Goodwin, Cyrus Jones, Moses Knapp, Joseph Little, 
William Lancaster, James Nichols, Ephraim Oliver, Elijah Oreutt, 
John Oreutt, Benjamin Penney, Elisha Rowe, Ebenezer Raviel, Benja- 
min Spencer, Moses Spencer, Isaac Spencer, Andrews Spencer, Caleb 
Stockwell, Benjamin F. Sibley. 

Roll of a detached company of militia of Capt. Joshua 
Chamberlain, taken from the Third regiment. First brig- 
ade, Tenth division, stationed at Eastjiort, nth to 31st 
of August, 1 8 1 2, under command of Lt. Col. Oliver Shead. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Joshua Chamberlain, Brewer, 
Lieutenant Peter Newcomb, Brewer. 
I'^nsign Samuel l'>eeman. Brewer. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICEKS. 

Sergeant Robert Thompson. 
Sergeant Daniel Nickerson. 
Sergeant Joshua Sparrow. 
.Sergeant Samuel Hamilton. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



93 



Corporal Emery Bradbury. 
Corporal John Rooks. 
Corporal William Keiulail. 
Corporal John Salioiirns. 
Musician Zeros Dexter. 
Musician Jeremiah liaker. 

1'K1V.\TES. 

William Bowden, William Bolard, Solomon Bolton, Daniel Buzzel, 
Abner Chase, David Colson, Daniel G, Chadborn, George Cragie, John 
Chadborn, James Clark, James Curtis, John Corillord, Richard Cave, 
Seth Cole, William Cobb, David Dyer, Isaac Dunbar, Jacob Dearborn, 
Obed Dean, Robert Dean, William Dean, Gordon Fisher, Samuel 
Frost, Thomas Freeman, Richard Garland, lilihu Hewes, Josiah Hig- 
gins. John'IIarris, Nathaniel Henderson, David Jackson, William Jack- 
son, Al)itlia Knowles, David Kenneston, Levi Kenney, Edward Ken- 
ney, Benjamin Lowell, Ephraim Lowde, Davis Merrill, lienjamin 
Melvin, Elisha Furbush, George Mansa, Joseph Mayo, Levi Mudget, 
Matthew McDonald, Nathaniel Mudget, Thiimas Milliken, Isaac Milli- 
ken. Waller Murch, William Michaels, B.enjamin Marry. James Nutter, 
John Odell, William I'umroy, Seth Pratt, Silas Putnam. David Rice, 
Samuel Rhines, Benjamin Spooner, David Smith, Eldad Stubbs, Joseph 
Smith, Lemuel Smith, Henry C. Snow, Ebenezer Stubbs, John B. 
Turner, William West. 

The following new names appear upon the roll of this 
company for service at Eastport, Sept. i to Dec 31, 181 2, 
"in Maj. Jacob Ulmer's Battalion": 

Musician Mark Fernald. 
William Jepson. 

Roll of a detached company of militia, of ('apt. Thos. 
H. George, taken from the Fourth regiment. First brig- 
ade, Tenth division, stationed at Eastport from loth to 
31st August, ]8i2, under command Lt. Col. Oliver Shead. 

COMMIS.SIONED OFFICKKS. 

Captain Thomas George, Brewer. 
Lieutenant Lot Rider, Brewer. 
Ensign Joseph P.ridgerhorni. 

NON-COMMI.SSIONl'.ll Ol-TICKRS. 

Sergeant James W'ebster. 
Sergeant James Jackman. 
Sergeant Daniel Kimball. 
Sergeant Daniel Burt. 
Corporal James Dunning. 
Corporal James .Anderson. 
Corporal .Abraham Chick. 
Corporal Levi Torrence. 
Musician John Allen. 
Musician Clark Pease. 

PRIVATES. 

William Butler, Edw.ard Black, Moses Bridges, Josiah Clark, Bick- 
more Chamberlain, David R. Carter, Samuel Coggins, Isaac Carter, 
Benjamin Clay, George Clay, Randal Douglass, John Davis, Joseph 
Dunham, Hezekiah Dodge, William Dodge, William Eddy, .Stephen 
Ellis, James Couhard, James Freethy, Elijah Grant, James Gross, .Albert 
W. Godfrey, John Gray, .Aaron Gray, John G.age, Thomas Gillpatrick, 
Jonathan Hutchins, Amos Herrick, John G. Heath, Jonathan Heath, 
William Holt, Ebenezer Johnson, John Jackman, Thomas Low, Reu- 
ben McCaslin. .Adam Coffin, William McPhetors, Eli Oakes, Joseph 
Page, Joel Preston, Isa.ic Pishon, James Phillips, .Allen Quinon, Isaac 
Smith, Joseph Severance, John Tibbets, William Tozer, Morey Fumon, 
Ichabod Tibbetts, John Wilson, William White. 

The following new names appear upon the roll of 
this company for service at Eastport and vicinity Sept. i 
to Dec. 31, 1812, in "Maj. Jacob Ulmer's Battalion": 

Privates William Ames, Buckman Chandler, Thomas More, .Adam 
McCaslin, Seth Thompson, Willian McPherson, 2d. 

These two companies of militia, under command of 
Maj. Philip Ulmer, were detached from the brigade of 
General Blake, upon the Penobscot, and were relieved 
by regular troops after a few months' service. July ir, 
1814, the fort and garrison at Eastport were surrendered 
to a superior force of British,Vhich appeared with a fleet 



from Halifax. .\ few weeks later, further hostile move- 
ments along the coast awakening alarm, Col. Foote, of 
Camden, ordered into the field the greater part of his 
regiment of militia, and a detachment was drawn from 
the militia of liangor and vicinity, to strengthen the gar- 
rison of regular troops at Castine. The British descent 
upon the Penobscot came all too soon. Mr. Williamson, 
near the close of his History of Maine, relates the stirring 
events of this period at length in the following terms: 

To supply the troops at Halifax with provisions, for which they were 
suffering. Captain Barrie, in the Dragon, of seventy-four guns, was 
dispatched to that station from the Chesapeake, witli eight hundred 
b.irrels of flour and other articles, attended by their captured vessels, 
which had on board some freights. On his arrival there, an expedition 
was speedily planned against Penobscot and Machias. The fleet con- 
sisted of three 74's, the Dragon, Spenser, and Bulwark; two frigates, 
late from the Mediterranean, the Burhaute and Tenedos ; two sloops- 
of-war, the Sylph and Peruvian ; an armed schooner called the Pictu ; 
a large tender and ten transports. The number of troops embarked 
was about three thousand. Lieutenant-General Sir John C. Sherbrooke 
had the paramount, .and Major-General Gosselin the immediate com- 
mand of the land forces, and Edward Griffith, esq., rear-admiral of the 
white, conmianded the naval squadron. 

The fleet left Halifax August 26th, and on Thursday, .September ist, 
rode in the Harbor of Castine, sounded, and came to anchor. So 
formidable was their appearance that the troops at the garrison and 
their cominander, supposing all resistance would be worse than futile, 
did not so much as wait for a summons to surrender, but instantly 
discharged the cannon, blew up the fort, and fled for safety up the 
bay. In the course of the day a large body of troops was set on shore, 
possession was taken of the fortification; the court-house and other 
buildings were entered and occupied as barracks for the soldiers, and 
parts of the best dwelling-houses were taken for the accommodation 
of the officers. A flag was soon dispatched across the bay to Belfast 
with a message to the people that, if they made no resistance, they 
should not be injured. .Still it was followed by General Gosselin with 
six hundred, men in two armed vessels, who took possession of the 
town. To parties of the soldiery, longing for fresh provisions, and 
eager for the enjoyment of a rural range, permission was given to visit 
the neighboring plantations ; and after reveling upon the rarities, the 
best and most palatable they could find, the whole party in a few days 
returned to Castine. 

A part of the fleet, consisting of the Dragon, the Sylph, and Peru- 
vian, the Harmony, a transport, and a prize-tender, all under Captam 
Barrie, carrying aliout five hundred infantry, riflemen or "sharpshoot- 
ers," and a small train of light artillery, under Colonel Henry John 
and M.ajor Riddle, proceeded without delay up the waters of the Pen- 
obscot, and came to anchor in Marsh Bay, where the shipping lay, 
about four or five leagues below Bangor Harbor, during the night. 

A few weeks previously, the United States corvette .Adams, a sloop- 
of-war, rated at 18 guns .and mounting 24, had been with extreme 
difficulty taken up the river by her commander. Captain Charles 
Morris, and w.as then lying at the mouth of the Sowadabscook 
stream, in Hampden, for repairs. It seems she had met with the sin- 
gular success of capturing, within the short space of three months, a 
ship, two brigs, and a schooner, and was afterwards, on the seventeenth 
of .August, cast upon the shores of the Isle of Holt in stress of weather, 
and was hardly preserved from total wreck. Captain Morris was now 
engaged in refitting her for another cruise; and as soon .as tidings by a 
herald from Castine were communicated to him and Brigadier-General 
Blake, of Brewer, and the news spread that the fleet was ascending the 
river, all had the best reason to suspect the object of the enemy was 
the destruction of the .Adams and the capture of two valuable merchant- 
vessels, the Decatur and the Victory, at anchor oft" Hampden village. 
Morris, without loss of lime, hoisted out the cannon upon Crosby's 
wharf, and formed two batteries, one of fourteen guns upon that place 
and the other of nine guns upon a commanding eminence, fifty rods 
below, and not far from the water, from which he was able to rake 
destructively any approaching ship. To the militia, who by the gener- 
al's orders were coming in by companies during the day, mixed with 
volunteers, Morris offered a supply of muskets .and ammunition, if they 
were destitute ; and determining to make all possible resistance, he 
assigned lo Lieutenant Wadsworth the command of the hill battery, 
and that on Ihe wharf to Lieutenant Lewis. 



94 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



In the .ifternoon he met General Blake, his officers, and some of the 
most influentiai citizens, in a council of war, where he was much cha- 
grined to find indecision and disunion, which, with the discouraging 
remarks ni.ade, directly tended to niise doubts as to the expediency 
of resistance or our ability to repel the enemy. He and others assured 
their opposers that no one ought to repose confidence of safety in 
British magnanimity. ".N'o," said he, "our arms must be our defence. 
Keep the enemy from outllanking me, and I will prevent his ascending 
the river by the battery. 'I'hese are our respective duties, and we must 
discharge them." But the whole day was spent in query, without 
any specific, well-digested plan of o|)enitic>ns, and without the energy 
indispensable to military control. No entrenchment, nor yet the 
slightest breastwork, was prepared ; nay, if there were in all the delib- 
eralicms any real result, it was lliat a line of battle be formed, resting 
the right wing on the meeting-house, and tlie left on the high ground 
towards the hill battery. By the adjutant's returns at night, the whole 
number in arms was about five liundied militiamen from the vicin- 
ity, iirincipally belonging to Colonel (Jranfs regiment, a i)art of C;v|)- 
tain Trufton's troop of horse, and Captain Hammond's company of 
artillery, with two brass 4-pounders. They had also taken from the 
Adams an 18-pound carronadc, mounted, which was planted in the 
highway, near the meeting-house and well manned. 

The winds being light and adverse, the Dr.tgon did not weigh 
anchor during the day ; but the residue of the squadron, with great 
exertion, ascended a couple of leagues into Bald Hill Cove, and landed 
at sunset on the west bank, two miles below Morris' batteries, about 
five hundriKl light troops, including a small train of artillery. The 
iniliti.'i continued unrier arms, and Morris' men stood by their guns all 
night, for it was reported by our videttes that the enemy was unques- 
tionably jireparing to move both by land and water as early as day- 
liglil, and before, if favored by the wind and weather. But the night 
was rainy and dark, and the morning foggy ; so that the enemy did 
not appear upon the land in view of our lines till about eight of the 
clock. As he advanced with a quick step, our soldiery were com- 
manded to reserve their fire till he was near, and then take aim. They 
dischargetl a few rounds, when it was perceived that the line was 
broken near the centre, and the men had begun to retieat witliout 
orders. The example was contagious ; and all the exertions of the 
officers to rally them anew were without effect. Major Chamberlain, 
Captain 1'rafton, Adjutant Gilniore, and David J. Bent, a non- 
commissioned officer of the artillery, who h.ad command of the great 
gun in the highway, ^ all discovered activity and valor. Bent was the 
last to leave the ground ; and most of the officers and many of the sol- 
diers were filled with pain and regret to witness a retreat in the midst 
of confusion, which could not bo without dishonor. 

The moment the armed vessels, which were preceded by barges full 
of soldiers, were discovered by Captain Morris, he opened a raking fire 
of grape and canister shot upon them from the baltery, which he con- 
tinued with spirit and effect, for about twenty or twenty-five minutes, 
when he perceived that the militia were retreating and the British 
would, if he remained there, soon outflank him in the position taken. 
He therefore spiked his guns, set fire to the Adams, and the store- 
house, and retreated with his brave companions to Bangor, and tlience, 
through a back, woody road, to Kennebec. 

Within one hour after the firing was begun, the vessels and the village 
of Hanipden w'cre in full possession of the enemy. Hence succeeded 
a scene of abuse, pillage, and destruction, which was a disgrace to the 
British name. Sixty or seventy of the princijxil inhabitants were seized 
and put under hatches, and at sunset were removed to the cabin of 
the Uecatur, where they were restrained during the night, without fresh 
air, fresh water, or any quiet sleep. Next day, it is true, all except ten 
or twelve of the principal men were admitted to theirparole, while those 
still kept in custody were put on board a prison-ship, where they were 
detained till another day, before they were set at liberty. The people 
were treated with abusivo language, their houses and stores were rifled, 
their cattle killed, some of their vessels were burnt, and a bond was 
exacted from the town in the penal sum of twelve thousand dollars, 
conditioned to deliver certain others at Castine in October. SuflTiee it 
to say that the losses and damages sustained by the people of Ham])- 
den, as subsequently ascertained, amounted to forty-four thousand 
dollars. In the midst of the rapine a committee waited on Captain 
Barrie, and told him they expected at his hand the common safeguard 
of humanity, if nothing more. He replied, "1 have none for you. 
My business is to burn, sink, and destroy. Your town is taken by 
storm, and by the niles of war we ought to lay your village in ashes, 
and put its inhabitants to the sword. But I will spare your lives, 
Ihuugli 1 mean to liuni \our houses." ,\ messenger was then de- 



spatched to General Sherbrooke. at Castine, upon the subject, who re- 
turned an order not to burn without dire necessity. 

The enemy's vessels proceeded without delay up the river, and at the 
same time about two-thirds of the troops took up their march by land 
low.ards Bangor. From this place flags of truce were sent by land 
and water to the advancing commanders; but the best terms which 
could be obtained, were "uncondititjnal submission." When the Peru- 
vian, .Syli>h, Harmony, and transports entered the harbor, a few Con- 
greve rockets were thrown from them over the village, two cheers were 
given, and all the shipping anchored at the mouth of the Kenduskeag. 
Fiarrie rode up on horseback, in company with Colonel John and 
Major kiddle, at the head of the detachment. -Arriving about noon, 
he first demanded of the inhabitants provisions and barracks for troops, 
and threatened to give them leave to plunder the village, if there was 
not a compliance with his re(inirements inst.antly. The court-house, 
two school-houses, a dwelling-house, and one other building were 
opened to receive them; cattle and sheep were butchered, and several 
barri'ls of pork were turned out to them from the stores; all the bread 
in the bake-house was taken; the best of liquors and garden vege- 
tables were furnished, and two of the better dwelling-houses were en- 
tered and occujiied as the resort of the commissioned officers. Also 
the enemy took the town's stock of powder, the field-pieces which were 
at Hampden, a quantity of merchandise, previously seized by a cus- 
tom-house officer for breach of the revenue laws; upwaids of fifty dollars 
post-office money were exacted and taken, and also the military arms 
and other like articles owned by the inhabitants; also one hundred 
and ninety-one men were compelled to report themselves, by their own 
signatures, prisoners of war. They were then admitted to their parol, 
and the safety of their families promised them, upon a stipulation not 
to serve against His Britannic Majesty or his allies during the war, un- 
less regularly exchanged. 

No resistance had been made by the inhabitants of this town, except 
by those in the military companies at Hampden, and therefore it was 
expected that private rights and property would be respected. But 
owners were sadly disappointed, for, the soldiery and the marines com- 
ing ashore, entered ten or twelve stores on the southerly side of the 
Kenduskeag, and by Barrie's permission, plundered them of their 
contents. They also rifled such dwelling-houses as the inhabitants 
had deserted; books and valuable papers were pillaged from lawyers' 
offices ami other places, and four vessels on the stocks in the village 
and its precincts were threatened with flames. At this menace there 
was great perturbation; as the flames of the vessels, enraged by afresh 
breeze then blowing, would probably lay the whole village in ashes. 
To prevent the fatal catastrophe the selectmen of the town, by the ad- 
vice of tlieir neighbors, promised to give the enemy a bond, professing 
to bind the corporation in the penal sum of thirty thousand dollars, to 
deliver the four vessels at Castine before the close of the ensuing 
October. When this bond was delivered the next morning, which was 
the Sabbath, Captain Barrie and Colonel John gave a written assur- 
ance that all private property, both in Bangor and Orono, including 
every unfinished vessel, should be preserved, such only as were in the 
river being excepted. 

The troops were kept under arms through the night, and it was 
tally a fearful one to all the families who knew nothing of the ar- 
rangement. In the morning preparations were manifestly on foot to 
take away or destroy all the shipping in the harbor and to leave the 
place. The movement commenced soon after noon. There were in 
the harbor at this time seventeen vessels, also three more on the Brewer 
side of the river not launched. These and ten others were burnt, and 
the rest taken down the river. .Several were partly loaded; some, 
being moved only a short distance, got ashore, and were seen in 
flames at twilight and the dusk of the evening.* The losses and dam- 
ages sustained by the people of Bangor, and the owners of vessels there, 
were found on a subsequent investigation to exceed forty-five thousand 
dollars. 

The enemy returnetl to Hampden in the afternoon, carrying Nvith him, 
besides other booty, eighteen or twenty horses; and the land-forces en- 
camped during the night on the acclivity toward the hill-batlery. His 
stay in Bangor was about thirty hours. The next day, September sth 

* Mr. Williamson's foot-note: "Burnt, the brig Caravan, schooners, Nep- 
tune's Barge, Thinks-I-to-Myself, Kunice and Polly, the (lladiator, the three 
Brothers, the sloop Ranger; three unlaunched vessels in Brewer, and one in 
Bangor, notwithstanding the stipulation. There were also three others in the 
harbor that were destroyed. Names not recollected — fourteen in all. They car- 
ried away the Bangor packet; schooner Oliver Spear; the Hancock, which was 
retaken ; the Lucy, which was lost ; the Polly, which was ransomed, and the 
beautiful Ijoat Calo, which coiilii not be recovered — six. 



I 
I 






\^JCzrU /fr^^^^y,^. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



95 



the Decatur and the Kutusoff, at HaEiipden, were burnt, and the 
soldiery and sailors committed upon tlie inhabitants various acts of 
wanton misciiicf, such as the destruction of household furniture, books 
and papers. They also broke off the pivots and breeehings of the 
cannon on the hill, and threw those on the wharf into the river. 

On Tuesday, the 6th, the enemy proceeded to Frankfort, where the 
vessels came to anchor and the commodore demanded of the inhabit- 
ants forty o.\en, one hundred sheep, and an unknown number of 
geese. He also retjuired them to surrender their arms and ammuni- 
tion, a part of which only was delivered, and in general the sturdy rc- 
liublicans of this town were slow to obey any of his commands. 
Denouncing venegance against them for their delays, he re-embarked 
the troops on the 7th, and returned to Castine. 

.So much public indignation and chagrin were occasioned by the 
feeble efforts which the militia at Hamjjden made to resist the enemy's 
jirogress, tliat tlie Government of the .State instituted an examination 
into the conduct of General Blake by a military court of einjuiry. But 
they acquitted him of censure and suspicion. Immediately the general 
put Colonel tirant and Major Chamberlain under arrest, who were 
subsequently tried by a court-martial at the same place; and the com- 
mand of the former was suspended two years, hut tlie latter was honor- 
.ibly discharged. 

The court of enquiry before wliich General lUake ap- 
jioared, was fom|)osed of Major-General Sewall, of 
.\ugusta, and l!rigadier-(;encral Irish, of Gorham, and 
I'ayson, of Wiscasset. It occupied the court-house at 
Bangor about a week. In the .spring of 1S16 the other 
court was held, sitting several days. It consisted of 
twelve members, ])resided over by Major-General Rich- 
ardson, of New Yarmouth, with Mr. John Wilson, of 
Belfast, as judge-advocate. 'l"he militia were jiaid an 
aggregate of twelve hundred dollars for their brief term 
of service. 

THK .AROOSTOOK. FLURRY. 

This war, or rather " rumor of war," broke out in 
1839, following a year or two of e.xcited public agitation. 
Great Britain after the War of 18 12, claimed the whole 
of the St. Johns River, about one-half of which had 
been occupied by Maine, and demanded all territory 
above the 46th degree of north latitude. The King of 
the Netherlands, to whom the dispute was referred, made 
a very singular and unjust decision, that the boundary 
should run midway between the lines claimed, respec- 
tively, by the United States and the liritish Government. 
His decision was not satisfactory to the peo|)le of Maine ; 
the disjiuted tract was overrun by timber-thieves and 
other plunderers : and in 1838 there were signs of a 
serious outbreak. ( lovernor Edward Kent of Bangor, 
then in the executive chair, took steps to strengthen the 
militia force, and General \\'ool was sent by the Federal 
Government to inspect the fortifications on the Maine 
rivers and coast. Duiing the winter the Legislature 
met in secret session and authorized SherilTStrickland, of 
I'enobscot county, to call out two hundred volunteers, 
uKirch to the northward, and drive off the trespassers. 
The first company raised, under the command of Cap- 
tain Sto.\er Rines, left Bangor February 5, 1839, and 
three clajs afterwards reached the scene of action in 
Township No. 10, now Masardis, in Aroostook county, 
and, after some show of resistance on the part of the lum- 
bermen and squatters, their mission was accom|)lislied. 
Mr. Abbott says, in his History of Maine : 

Captain Kines ad\aneeil to the mouth uf tile Little Madawaska. 
lleie he met with a reverse, w.is c.qitured with a company uf his men. 



and they w ere Imrried off in a sleigh to Frederickton jail, in New Bmns. 
wick. The sheriff and his forces retreated. The trespassers, much 
elated, arnied themselves, about three hundred in number, and bade de. 
fiance to the .■\metican authorities. The sheriflf, learning of the cap- 
ture, retired to Xumlier Ten and fortified his party while he repaired as 
rapidly as possible to .Augusta, to report the posture of affairs. 

The Governor of New Brunswick called out one thou- 
sand of his militia ; the Legislature of Maine appropri. 
ated eight hundred thousand dollars for the protection 
of its territory, and a draft of 10,343 men from the- State 
forces, most of whom, within a week, were on the dis- 
puted ground or marching thither. Congress took action, 
authorizing the President to support the claims of Maine 
with fifty thousand troops and the expenditure often mil- 
lions ot dollars ; General Scott, commander of the army, 
with his staff, came to Augusta, to maintain " the [jeace 
and safety of the entire Northern and Eastern frontiers.'' 
Things looked fiir a time very much like war; but, tlirough 
the efforts of (ieneral .Scott, both sides withdrew their 
forces ; prisoners taken by either' party were released ; 
tile Aroostook region, previously in Penobscot and \\'ash- 
ington counties, was erected into a separate county by the 
Maine Legislature ; and matters remained com])aratively 
quiet until 1842, when a convention, since famous as the 
"Ashburton Treaty," was concluded between Lord Ash- 
burton, British Minister to the United States, and Dan- 
iel Webster, then Secretary of State, by which the State 
lost a portion of the tract, in dispute, but of little value, 
for which it received one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars from the General Government, besides two hun- 
dred thousand dollars for expenses incurred mainly in 
the fiurry of 1839. By way of exchange for the lost 
territory. Great Britain ceded to the United States much 
more valuable tracts on the shores of Lakes Superior 
and Champlain - so that the victory rested decidedly, 
after all, with the American side. Mr. Abbott says in 
concluding his account of the transaction: "Im|)artial 
judgment must ])ronounce the conduct of Maine, in this 
whole afTair, to have been patriotic and wise." 

Penobscot county, from its situation with regard to 
the scene of possible war, had the greatest share in tlie 
active movements of the time. .Ml the expeditions to 
the .'Vroostook country were fitted out at Bangor, and 
marched to the tented field therefrom. At one time a 
line of mounted videttes, furnishing ready communication 
when needed, stretched from Bangor all the way to Mas- 
ardis. Governor Washburn, in his Orono Centennial 
address, has furnished the following amusing reminisen- 
ces, concerning the incidents of the war in that place. 

Rumors uf battles, the approach of Mohawk Indians, and the bloody 
Bluenoses were rife upon your streets, but yet were unable tu slide the 
sense of the ridiculous and quench the love of fun that ruled tlie hour, 
breaking out now in disrespectful remarks at the expense of thegloncjus 
company uf videttes— and martyrs; now in Otis Banks's offering adolla 
for the head of Thomas Hill, a carpenter and Englishm.in, who w:a^ loya 
to his native land; and again, in sending a crowd of anxious patriots 
and wonder-mongers from Whitney's bar-room to my office, to see 
General Wool, and where they were soberly introduced, by the grace- 
less wag who had sold them, tu Artegus Lyon, the colored man. But 
the war ended, and a brace of your own poetasters celebrated the sctre 
and fight in which it begun, in a parody "on Hohenlinden, which, as it 
may serve to renew the events and hajis of that stirring (l)ut somewhat 
ridieuluus) time, 1 w ill venture tu present to you : 



96 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



THK SCARE OF THE RESTOOK !' ^ 

On Rcstook, when the sun was low, 
AH bloodless lay the untrodden snow, 
iMufTling the current in its flow, 
O Rcstook, rolling rapidly. 

lint Restook saw another siuht, 

The Rakercbost on their flight, 

And following fast, with main and niiglit, 

'I'he PosseJ frightcn'd dreadfully. 

Then Jamcson§ to old AshbelU said, 
'* Come pile your carcass on my sled, 
Far better so than be abed 
With Cushman,1[ in sweet reverie." 

Then shook the ice, so hard and even; 
'j'hen rushed the teams by number 'Leven ;' 
Anil ere the clock had pointed seven, 
They left Masardisf speedily. 

Itni faster yet that band shall fly 
From Mohawkt furies drawing nigh, 
Bluenose braves, with fire in the eye, 
And Restook, rolling rapidly. 

'Tis morn, but scarce a weary man 
Will stop to drink from jug or can ; 
With tuckered legs and faces wan, 
They push for the Cumbcrlassi.§ 

Now, Fosse, all your blankets wave; 
You rush'd from glory and the grave ; 
Your heels did well your bacon save, 
Your flint-locks and your toggery ! 

Few, few shall meet where many part ! 
^f all th?t force no trembling heart 
Felt British shot or savage dari. 
Or found a soldier's sepulchre. 

It may naUirally he supposed that a largo share of the 
Maine mihtia who actually saw service in the Aroostook 
difticulty were from the Penobscot Valley. The resi- 
dences of many of the officers who served are given 
with their names; so that part of them can be readily 
identified as from this county. In the case of enlisted 
men no such guide is furnished; and it is not probable 
that a full roster of the Penobscot contingent in this war 
can now be made. The best that was practicable has 
been done, however; and by the courteous and intelli- 
gent aid of the Adjutant-General's office, at Augusta, it 
is believed that a tolerably complete roll is herewith pre- 
sented: 

(oMMissioNiiu oh-k.i:ks. 

Major-(Jencr;il Isaac Hodsdon, Banfior. 

John L. Hodsdon, Aid to Major-General, Exeter. 

Oliver I'Yost, Aid to Major-Geiieral, Bangor. 

William \\. McCrillis, Aid to Major-General, Bangor. 

Division Inspector )oseph C. Stevens, Bangor. 

Division Quartermaster Joseph Oilman, Dixmont. 

Assistant Divibion (Quartermaster Henry Warren, Bangur. 

Assistant Division Quartermaster Ebenezcr G. Rawson, Bangor. 

Assistant Division C^)uartermaster Paul Varney, Bangor. 

Assistant Division Quartermaster D.inrel Wood, Bangor. 

Captain Henry E. Prentiss, Bangor. 

Superintendent of Videttes lOlijah L. Hamlin, Bangor. 

Assistant Superintendent of Videttes Samuel Smith, Bangor. 

• The Aroostook river is usually called " Restook " by the Provincials. 

t A company of Oldiuwn lumbermen, connnandetl Ijy Captain Stover Rines. 

I Posse comitatus, from Penobscot county. 
§ John (I. Jameson, of Oldtown. 

II Ashbel Hathorn, of Uangor. 

^1 Jtidgc G. G. Cushman, legal adviser, wlui, while asleep with Thomas Hart- 
lett, at Fitzherberts's, near the New lirunswick line, was take prisoner by the 
Bluenoses and sent to Fredericton. 

' This is now the town of Dalton. 

t The present town of Masardi;*; eleven miles from l)alt»>n. , 

t 'I'he report was thai tlie fugitives were pursued by five hundred Moliawk In- 
dians and New lirunswickers. 

§ A small river at Lincoln Centre. 



Forage Master John Sargent, Bangor. 

Joshua Carpenter, Aid to Brigade-Major, Lincoln or Bangor. 

Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Cummings, Bangor. 

Ijeulenant-Colonel Moses H. Young. Bangor. 

Quartermaster Daniel T. Jewett, Bangor. 

Chaplain Joseph C. Lovcjoy, Orono. 

Surgeon Paul Ruggles, Carrr.el. 

Surgeon's Mate Lewis Watson, Bangor. 

Sergeant-Major Charles Barnard, 

Sergeant-Major (Jeorge Xoyes. 

Principal Musician Lemuel Ellis. 

Drum-Major John M. Shaw. 

Major of Artillery James Smitli. 

Lieutenant and Adjutant of Artillery Amos Packard. Hampden. 

Quartermaster of Artillery .Samuel P. Ix*ighton, Bangor. 

Captain Eliphalet Miller. 

Captain David Dow. 

Captain Truxton Dougherty. 

Lieutenant Jabez Bradbury. 

Lieutenant James B. Clcaveland. 

Ensign Jacob Saunders. 

Ensign Jeremiah Lord. 

Ensign Haskell W.Johnson. 

Ensign Jeremiah Burnham, Orono. 

Ensign James Dunning, Bangor. 

Captain James Clark, Hermon. 

Lieutenant William E. Alwood, Levant. 

Ensign Nathaniel D. Eaton, Hermon. 

Lieutenant Amasa K. W'alker, Hampden. 

Captain Stephen Leighton, jr. , De.xter. 

Lieutenant Isaiah Beals, Dexter. 

Ensign Alvin B. Clark, Corinth. 

Captain William H. Mills, Bangor. 

Ensign Henry L. Stewart, Bangor. 

Captain I'^liphalet L Maxfield, Argyle. 

Lieutenant Horatio Burnett, Springfield. 

Ensign Goodridge Cummings, Passadumkeag. 

Ensign Simon P. Atkins, Bangor. 

Roll of Captain Nathaniel Sawyer's company of ritleinen 
in the detachment of drafted militia of Maine, called 
into actual service by the State, for the protection of its 
northeastern frontier, the 20th day of February, 1839. 

COMMISSIONED OFI'ICERS. 

Captain Nathaniel Sawyer. 
Lieutenant Andrew D. Bean. 
Ensign Charles Jones. 

NON-COM MISSIONKI) OFFICERS. 

Sergeant John .\. ^'ork. 
Sergeant Hiram ^'ork. 
Sergeant Joseph York. 
Sergeant Sewall Chase. 
Corporal Lewis Goodw in. 
Corporal Daniel Patlee. 
Corporal John Goodwin. 
Corporal Simon E. Ricker. 
Musician James Pattee. 
Musician Wesley Grindle. 
Musician George Damon. 

PK1\ A ll'.S. 

Jeremiah Avery, Charles Bickford, Thomas W. Bartlett, Josiah 
Brown, Richard H. liedcc. Obadiah Banks, Moses Copp. William 
Clark, WiUiam Corthell, Henry Craig, Alvin H. Carley, Salmon P. 
Drake, John Emery. Jaeob W. Eastman, Ivory Frost, Joshua B. Floyd, 
Jeremiah Flagg, Carrell Garland, Stephen (irant, jr., Isaac Harden, 
Luther Hawse. William S. Hogan, Jeremiah Higgins. William Jame- 
son, George Hilley, Lewis Kimball, Royal Lancaster, Newell Long- 
fellow, Broadstreet Mason, jr., True Merrill, J. A. C. Mason, David 
Porter, jr., Alfred Packard, George Richardson, Samuel Ricker, Au- 
gustus W. Smith, Alexander Smith, Gustavus W. Smith, Nathan 
Stevens, Norres M. Staples, Samuel Sidlinger, Otis Smith, WiUiam 
Shirley, Asa C. Twitchell, Rufus York. Joseph D. Young, Oliver Luce, 
Josh D. Hemenwav, John Bryant, William Meader. Joseph A. Mitch- 
ell, Joseph Bartlett. Daniel G. Sawyer, John Staples (servant to Cap- 
tain), Ambrose Fogg (servant to Lieutenant), Samuel Stevenson (ser- 
vant to Ensign). 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



97 



CAPTAIN MAXFIELD's (bANGOR) COMPANY. 

(Pay began February 20th or March 11, 1839, and 
ended, in most cases, April 22 and 26, 1839). 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Eliphalet I. Maxfield. 
Lieutenant Horatio Barrett. 
Ensign Goodridge Cummings. 

NON-COM.MISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Horace Banks. 
Sergeant Carlisle Dennis. 
Sergeant Joseph Nelson. 
Sergeant John .Abott. 
Corporal Alvin Merryfield. 
Corporal Thomas J. Fowle. 
Corporal Charles Davis. 
Corporal Walker Darling. 
Musician Nalh.aniel Fellows. 

PRIVATES. 

Bradley B. Avers, John W. Buck, Philip Bailey. Enoch W, Bickford, 
Daniel Bailey, William Brown, James Cooper, Sherburn W. Clark, 
Solomon Comstock. Albert Coombs, Joel F. Dam, Leader N. Dam, 
.Asahel Davis, David B. Davis, Xahalie Doe, James Dealing, William 
Devo, John Elkins, jr., John B. Emery, Charles Emerson, Joseph 
Emerson, William Emerson, Benjamin E^istman, Daniel W. Edgerly, 
Wilmoth Haywood, Stephen R. Hajiies, Moses Hodgdon, Moses In- 
galls, jr., Joseph Jordan, Benjamin Judkins, William Johnson, David 
Kneeland. .Alfred L. Lovett, Solomon P. Lankester, Horace Lord, 
William H. Mcintosh, Carleton P. Moody, John Morgan, James G. 
Mcintosh, Samuel McPheters, Calvino S. Xoyes, Samuel Norton, jr., 
Storer Perkins, Charles L. Smart, Thomas Smith, John Scott. James 
.Sanborn, William A. Tosh, Israel Tracy. Joshua Watton, Mark G. 
Wevmouth. David Young, Chandler Dammon, Josiah Miles, John 
Pratt, John Lawton, William F. Buzzell, George W. Merrill, Mathias 
Lane, Joseph Hodgdon, Josiah Richards, John W. Lane, William 
G. Rogers. Rufus Moody. Frederic Morrill, John Ayer (servant), Alger- 
non L. Barrett (servant), Lewis Bunker (servant), Eliphalet Leavitt. 

CAPTAIN maxim's (bANGOR) COMPANY. 

(Rendezvoused February 20, 1839; discharged Ajiril 
24, 1839.) 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain George W. Maxim. 
Lieutenant Jonathan Louder. 
Ensign William H. Gibbs. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Orderly Sergeant William .AveriUe. 
Sergeant David Gelchell. 
Sergeant Daniel Moulton. 
Sergeant Joel \'ickery. 
Corporal Dudley D. Bean. 
Corporal Jeremy Baker. 
Corporal Jacob Holbrook. 
Corporal William W. Smith. 
Corporal Greenlief M. Fogg. 
Corporal James G. Patterson. 
Corporal George S. Herrick. 
Corporal Francis C. Keisor. 

PRIVATES. 

John .Ames. Levi Bagley. Charles Buffum. Enoch .\I. Blunt, Rufus 
G. Curtis, SelhF. Cook, John Cowan, jr., Charles E. Chaplin. Reuben 
Cookson, .Asa Davis, 2d, Joseph B. Damon, Benjamin Dillingham, 
Joseph Francis, John M. Fogg, Thomas Gould, Thomas Gullifer, 
Ephraim Gliddcn, Sumner Hamilton, Bradford Higgins, Samuel Hous- 
ton, Manasseh S. Hovey, Manoah Hurd, James S. Homans, William 
P. Hatch, David G. Ireland, Thomas Jenkins, Ephraim Johnson, 
Robert Littlefield, Moses Majnor, Ephraim B. W. Condray, Isaiah 
McKinney, Shuter Nickerson, jr., Simeon Orff, James O. Rooke, John 
Parsons, Benjamin Pratt, George Pratt, Samuel Patterson, Norman 
Page, Enoch Peasley. .Allen Rines, William H. Ramsdell, Jesse Russ, 
Wilmot Riggs, Christopher Smith, .Asa L. Stiles, William Sherburn, 
jr., Asa Sawyer, David Shorey, Abram Libbey. I^vi S, Torrance, 
Samuel S.Torrance, Daniel Willey, John Weymouth, Stephen White, 
Shuber N. Williams, John Witham, Francis Young, James B. Cleve- 
und. 



CAPTAIN MILLS'S (bANGOR) COMPANY. 

(Pay began February 20th, and at various times in 
March, 1839; discharged, in part, April nth.) 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain William H. Mills. 
Lieutenant James Henry Carleton. 
Ensign Henry L, Stewart. 

NON-CO.\!M1SSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Elijah Low. 
Sergeant George .A. Longfellow. 
Sergeant Jesse Snow. 
Sergeant Hiram Fogg. 
Corporal Jason L. Bourne. 
Corporal Abraham Colomy. 
Corporal Amos S, Myrick. 
Corporal Isaac Lunt. 
Musician .Arthur Heald. 
Musician Dennis J. Bither. 

PRIVATES. 

William .Adams, .Samuel Barrows, Erastus B. Byram, Nehemiah 
Bartlett, William Cousins, Sandford Comeiy, Noah Clough, Lorraine 
I. Drew, Jason Dunton, Benjamin Emerson, Ebenezer Farrington, 
Lewis R. French, .Asa Fowles, James Gorton, John Gorton, Benjamin 
Guptail, Joseph Gordon. Thomas Hodgkins, Stephen S. Hewes, David 

B. House, Isaac Hills, 2d, Jason Hills, James A. Lombard, Hiram Le- 
broke. David Miller, James Miller, jr., Sewall Miller, John Moore. 
Thomas McCausland, Levi B. Patten, John Paine, James Rogers, Jo- 
seph T. Sylvester, Sumner Smith. George .A. Stevens. Francis J. Stur- 
devant. Jeremiah Thompson, Eli Towne, Samuel F. Walker, Charles 
Wiley. Asa Woodman, James Young, Watson R. Goss, James P. Davis, 
James M. Davis, Elisha Davis. Samuel W. Costelon, Peter B. Newcombi 
John King, David Shepley, Daniel Batcheder, Hiram Stevens, Stephen 

C. Springer, James Adams, Joseph Grindle, Clark Perry, John A. Plum- 
nier, Joseph K. Cross, .Almon Richards. Stephen B. Pattee. John W. 
B.ibcock. Ziba BurriU. Simeon B. Grindle. Robert H. Weymouth. Sam. 
uel Abbott, Daniel C. Shepley. 

CAPTAIN fish's (VE.AZIE) COMPANY. 

(Pay began February 20 and March 11, 1839 ; gener- 
ally ended April i and 24, 1839). 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Samuel L. Fish. 
Lieutenant Francis J. Cummings. 
Ensign Gilbert Emerson. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant D.avid C. Jellison. 
Sergeant John P. Davis. 
Sergeant Moses S. Page. 
Sergeant Joseph Budson. 
Sergeant James S. Eldrige. 
Sergeant Jesse Hutchings. 
Corpor.al Josiah McPheters. 
Corporal Charles H, Forbes. 
Corporal Joseph Bray. 
Corporal George Lincoln. 
Corpoial John B. Bond. 
Corporal Kenney Snow. 
Musician Robert P. Chase. 
Musician Solomon P. Rowe. 

PRIVATES. 

Thomas Abbott, Almarin Ames, John Boyd. Timothy Burton, Wil- 
liam Batchelder, Isaac Russell, William Ballard, jr., George Burns, 
David L, Billings, Justus L. Carr. Thomas Cunningham. AVilliam J. 
Chapman, Garey Chapman, Ephraim Dorr. William Dwelley, jr., 
Samuel Deering, James Dickhison, John Dunham, jr., Joseph Duran, 
Elisha M. Eveleth, Amasan S. Emerton. Chester Ferrin, Daniel Fow- 
ler, James H. Gilmore, William P. Guppy, Shadrach Gray, John Grin- 
del, Abial Harmon, Seth Hoh, Abel S. Jordan, Joseph James, 
Levi K. Kilburn, Rowland Lawrence, William Lassell, David Lancas- 
ter, John N, Lawrence, Thomas Mann, Henry Montgomery, John 
E. Miller. Charles Newcomb, Alvah , Osgood, Roderick R. Park, 
Charles Patten, Samuel Peirce, Joseph Priest, Thomas Raymond, 
Joseph C. Stinson, Jacob P. Sweat, William C. Snow, .Samuel Spen- 



98 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



cer, Samuel Sheets, John Southard, jr., Horatio N. Stinson, James 
Stubhs, George Simpson, Samuel S. Irivit, Timothy C. Tai)ley, Levi 
Tower. Benson D. Wood, William R. Moody, Gilbert Knownton, Al- 
bion M. iMsh (servant), Joseph W. Curtis (servant). Ebin B. Weston 
(servant). 

CAPTAIN LEIGHTOn's (dEXTER) COMP.VNY. 

(Rendezvoused February 20 and March 11, 1839; 
discharged April 22, 1839.) 

COMMISSIONED Ol'FICKRS. 

Captain Stcplien I.eighton. jr. 
Lieutenant Isaiah Heals. 
Ensign Alvin B. Clark. 

NON-COMMrSSIONKD OIFICKHS. 

Sergeant Reuben Inlanders. 
Sergeant Hiram Safl'ord. 
Sergeant Asa Spooner. 
Sergeant Seth Drew. 
Corporal Stephen D. Jennings. 
Corporal Charles Jumper. 
Corporal Cyrus Jumper. 
Corporal Calvin Sa/Tord. 
Musician John M. Shaw. 

I'KIV.^TES. 

Lemuel Arnold, Willard Abbott, David Berry, Levi Bridge, jr., 
James I'. Burleigh, William McK. Brown, David G. Brown, Isaac 
Bcdee, Keuben Brown, William Bosworth, jr., Othniel Harden, Ben- 
jamin Brown, jr., James Crowell, Gardner Copeland, John Cole, Ellis, 
Cushman, Andrew .\. D.iy, Thompson Dyer, David Densmore, Levi 
Emerson, Stephen Fish, Joseph Gould, David R. W. Grindell, Daniel 
H. Howard, Albert G. Hunt, Charles M. Hodsdon, Samuel Hillman, 
}Villiam Jumper, Benjamin Ireland, William L.Johnson. Robert John,' 
son, John Kimball, Charles Jennings, James Lane, Sebah F. Leighton! 
.Silas Lcavitt, Edward I'. Longley, John Leavitt, Charles R. Logan,' 
George P. Logan, George Oakes, Horatio Pratt, Isaac W. Pickering,' 
Daniel Palmer, Jonathan Pitcher, jr., John Ricker, Curtis Sturtevant! 
Darius .Sampson, John .Safford, Henry A. Sprague, Luther H. Shaw, 
Simeon .Safford, jr., Henry K. .Sawyer, Henry Snow, Isaac Tucker! 
Milton Twitchell, Benjamin F. Tosier, John Fowie, Charles D. Tren- 
orgy, Harrison G. O, Thomas, Andrew C. Winslow, Eli Winslow, 
Charles Wynian, Peleg Washburn, Burnham Wardwell, Ira Wardwell! 
William B. Walker, George Whittemore, Rufus Williard. 

CAPTAIN CLARK'S (hARMON) COMPANY. 
(Keiulezvoused and p,ay began February 20, 1839.) 

COMMISSIU.MvD OM'rcEKS. 
( '.iptain )amc.s Clark. 
Lieutenant William I'",. .Atvvood. 
I*'nsign Nathaniel 1). Eaton. 

N<)N-(().\I MISSION Kl) OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Jo.seph Leslie. 
.Sergeant .Solomon York. 
Sergeant John N. I'aiierson. 
Sergeant Timothy ,M. (.'00k. 
Corporal William M. Johnson. 
Corporal I'".zekiel C. Jackson. 
Corporal Laomi S. Herrick. 
Corporal Hazen Messenger. 
Musician John .Swan. 
Musician Jacob Swan. 
Musician .Ann.inias Dodge. 

I'HIVATES. 

Samuel Allen, Aaron Harden, Samuel Blagdon, Samuel Baker, Ira 
Bither, Levi Blake, Edward D. Baker, Carlos Bean, John N. Budge' 
Silas Bunker, jr., William Corliss, William Cross, [ohn O. Chadinan! 
Joseph Cushman, Valentine Dunning, Benjamin Dyer, George W. Ed- 
dy, John E. Foss, David French, Abraham Grover, Arthur L. Grant 
Francis Goodwin, Hiram Glidden, Daniel Hewes, William Harris 
Reuben Hale, Thomas C. Herrick, Charles A. Howard, Bowman 
Herrin, Lorenzo Hinkley, John Jenness, Freeman Luce, Charles Low 
Nelson Mitchell, Enoch R. Mayo, William H. Mayo, Philip Mclntire' 
Reuben Myriek, Jason Miller, Ira Mansel, Israel B. Norcross, Nathan- 
iel Perkins, Benjamin Patterson, |ames Prescott, Joseph Rose, Geor»e 
B. Reed. Ilarvcy Reed, Hiram Swan, Nathaniel Swan, l.;iijah' Sylves- 
ter, (Jorham Sniitl., John Shaw, 1 i.nvard Stevens, .Samuel V. ,\lillct 



Daniel Sargent, Dudley D. Spratt, Nathan S. Shaw, Daniel L. Stinch- 
field, Augustine Triggs, Azariah Wadleigh, William Willey, George B. 
Webber, Vincent Williard. Aaron H. Walker, Charles Whitlier, Peter 
Wheelden. 

CAPTAIN H.V.MRLET's COMPANY. 

(Pay commenced February 20, 1839; ended Ajml 26 
•839-) 

COMMI.SSIONEI) OFFICERS. 

Captain Ch.arles R. Hamblet. 
Lieutenant .Amasa K. Walker. 
Ensign John Nelson. 

NON-COMMISSIONEIl OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Elbridge H. Br.agdon. 
Sergeant Benjamin M. Page. 
Sergeant Attillius A. Ladd. 
Sergeant Samuel F. Eells. 
.Sergeant Thomas Webb. 
Corporal Elias Harriman. 
Corporal Barzillai Huckins. 
Corporal Benjamin C. Sanders. 
Corporal William W. Burnham. 
Corporal .Sabin H. Kimball. 

I'R1V.\TES. 
Amariah W. Ames, Jotham S. Ames, Willi.ini Appletoii, .Samue 
Beal, Thomas A. Burgess, William Barney, Ira B. Buck, Thomas 
Bradley, Daniel Bean, Daniel Bailey, Freeman Ciocker, Henry Crocker, 
Moses Crocker. James Carver, Jonathan Carter, Jonalh.an Chase, Jo- 
seph C. Chase, Thornton Card, Nathaniel Capers. Isaac De.ttcr, 
Steiihen Dow, Nathaniel B. Fish, Levi O. Farnham, Ebenezer O. Ger- 
ry, John Gorden, Isaac Gould, Daniel Howard, Christopher H.irvest, 
Ezra Holmes, .Nathaniel Hanscomb, Daniel Brooks, John Kno.v, Hiram 
Larrabee, James Lee, Orman F. Lothrop, Walter D. Maddock, Wil 
liam McKenncy, Lyman Miner, Isaac Rider, George W. Rogers, Silas 
Royal, Peter P. Rich, George R. Sampson. Henry Sibley, Seth Sever- 
ance, Williams C. Stevens, W. Simpson, William Trask, Joseph Tilton, 
AIe.\ander D. Walton, Levi M. Wilkins, Nelson Whittemore, Simon 
Whittemore, John Woodard, James West, Stillman Newcomb, Joseph 
Rose, Nathaniel E. Roberts, Ira Washburn, Albert R. Young, William 
Shepherd, .Samuel Mitchell, Richardson B. Hamblet (servant). Lorenzo 
Knowles (servant), John B. Stevens (servant). Tutlle D. Leathers. 



rill-: .ME.MCAN WAR. 
It is uniKccssary to embrace in this recoid even a cur- 
sory account of tiie origin, [progress, and result of this 
ejjisode of our National affoirs, whose events so little 
affected the current of hisiory in Eastern Maine, and 
drew so lightly upon its jxitriotic citizens for recruits to 
the army in the field. 'J'he following brief extract, from 
the rejiort ot the .XdjiitniU-Cencral of the State for 1847, 
sufficiently states the action taken by Maine, in answer 
to the requisitions of the Government, ujion the out- 
break of the war : — 

It having been declariTl by the Congress of the United States, on 
the 13th of May, 1846, " that, by an act of the Republic of Mexico, a 
state of war e.\isted between that Government and the United States," 
the Governor of Maine, under authority from the Secretary of War, 
called upon the citizens of Maine for a volunteer corps of one regiment 
of infantry. Immediately after the publication of the proclamation 
and general order, efficient persons in different parts of the State were 
commissioned to raise companies of volunteers. In some sections it 
was found impossible to obtain volunteers, while in others full compan- 
ies were raised with the greatest promptitude. 

The following officers from Penobscot county were elected to the 
command of companies A and F : — 

Company A.— John H. Morrill, Bangor, captain; John H. Bryant, 
Bangor, first lieutenant; John B. Williams, Bangor, second lieutenant! 

Company F.— CJeorge W. Cummings, Bangor, eapt,ain; James W. 
Thompson. Pass.adumkeag, first lieutenant; James H. Burgess, Old- 
town, secoiul lieutenant. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



99 



No further rolls of these companies have been fur- 
nished by the Adjutant-General's office — if, indeed, they 

L-xisf there. 



TilF, CRE.Vr KKBEIJ.ION. 

At kist tliL' lime came wlien the patriotism and the 
patience, the courage and constancy of the Penobscot 
valley, as of all other portions of the United North were 
to be fully tested by the war between the Nation and the 
rebellious States. The struggle is too recent and the lit- 
erature of its history too copious and readily accessible, 
to make any summary of its beginnings and events here 
necessary. We have only to do with the brilliant record 
which Penobscot county made from the first to the last 
of the gigantic conflict. Happily, the materials for this 
have been provided, with e.xtraordinary fullness of detail, 
and, no doubt, with all practicable accuracy, in the volu- 
minous reports issued annually for some years by General 
John L. Hodsdon, now of Bangor, who was Adjutant- 
( leneral of the State during the entire war-period, and 
who served with great efficiency and the most conscien- 
tious fidelity. He and the attaches of his office "builded 
better than they knew" in the carefully labored prepara- 
tion of these reports. We have found nothing else so 
valuable for the preparation of local military history dur- 
ing the rebellion, in the .Xdjutant-General's Reports of a 
number of the loyal States. Whatever of interest or per- 
manent value occurs in the remainder of this chapter, is 
due solely to General Hodsdon's Reports. This work is 
indebted to them, not only for the rosters of Union sol- 
diers and sailors, but for the several histories of the regi- 
ments and batteries,- -which are given, in general, in tlie 
very words of the original text, — and, indeed, for all 
other matter, in almost every point and particular. 

Besides General Hodsdon, who served the country so 
ably in the State Bureau of War, Penobscot county had 
many eminent names in the field. Major-General Joshua 
I,. Chamberlain, afterwards Governor of tlie State, and 
now President of Bowdoin College, was a native and 
resident of Brewer. Brevet Major-General Cyrus Ham- 
lin was from Bangor. Of Brigadiers the county fur- 
nished George F. Shepley and Charles D. Jameson* of 
iJangor, James H. Carleton of Orono, and Lysander 
Cutler of Dexter; of Brevet-Brigadiers, Henry M. 
Plaisted of Bangor, now Governor of Maine, Charles 
Hamlin and Charles I). Gilmore also of Bangor, Jonathan 
A. Hill of Stetson, and Llewellyn G. Egtes of Oldtown; 
of Colonels, Charles W. Roberts, Daniel Chappin,* 
Daniel White, and George \'arney of Bangor, and Simon 
(;. Jerrard of Levant; of Lieutenant-Colonels, Daniel 
F. Sargent of Bangor, and George Fuller of Corinth; 
and Majors Joel W. Cloudman of Stetson, Stephen D. 
Car[)enter and William L. Pitcher of Bangor; witli many 
others of similar or less rank, who also distinguished 
themselves in service. Charles A. Watcher, of Bangor, 
killed while commander of the United States war-steamer 
Gazelle, is another of the slain heroes. Among promi- 
nent regimental surgeons, several of them reaching the 

•Among the honored dead of the war. 



grade of Brigade-Surgeon, were Drs. Daniel McRuer, 
Eugene F. Sanger, .\ugustus C. Hamlin, and Samuel B. 
Morison, of Bangor; Alden P. Palmer, of Orono; and 
J. B. Wilson of Exeter. Dr. John Mason, of Bangor, 
also rendered great service in the army hospitals. Luther 
H. Pierce, of Bangor, became a Brigade Quartermaster. 
.\mong the Paymasters appointed on the General Staff 
of the army were the Hon. Jabez True of Bangor, and 
Jeremiah Fenno and Elias Merrill, of the same. Gen- 
eral Charles Howard, a member of the staff of his 
brother, Major-Cleneral Oliver O. Howard, and now of 
Chicago, was a student in the Bangor Theological Sem- 
inary at the outset of the struggle. Many of these offi- 
cers will receive due biographical notice in connection 
with the histories of their several towns. 

Colonel Gideon Mayo, of Orono, was commandant 
of Camp John Pope, at Bangor, in 1862. Elijah Low, 
of the latter place, was Provost Marshal for the counties 
of Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Aroostook, during the 
drafts of 1863. Henry H. Worcester, of Bangor, was 
the Military Agent of the State at Washington City, and 
H. A. Holden, of the former city, was one of his assist- 
ants. .\mong the gentlemen appointed early in the war, 
under the system of allotment of soldiers' pay, as trus- 
tees to receive and disburse moneys upou the allotment 
rolls, were the Hon. Isaiah Stetson, Mayor of Bangor, 
and E. B. Pierce, Cashier of the Lumberman's Bank of 
Oldtown. Aaron A. Wing of Bangor, and J. S. Emery 
of Hampden, were afterwards Allotment Commissioners. 

B.\N'GOR IN THE W.\R. 

The importance of this city, as the chief place in the 
county, and its convenience of accessibility by rail and 
river, naturally made it a prominent point during the 
whole of the Rebellion. The arsenal located here be- 
came at once the centre of military operations, and 
proved extremely useful through all the bloody years. 
General Hodsdon says, in his Report for 1861: 

The use and occupation of the .State .\rsenal and lot at Bangor, 
almost throughout the entire season, for rendezvousing and quartering 
the Second Regiment and numerous squads of recruits and detach- 
ments and companies of volunteers, from the northern and eastern 
portions of the State, for regiments organizing at .Augusta and Port- 
land, has obviated the necessity of hiring, at great expense, extensive 
buildings and grounds at Bangor for that purpose. Much of the ord- 
nance, tlie gun-carriages, and other munitions of war, stored at the 
arsenal, have, from time to time, been removed and necessarily left un- 
sheltered to afford lodgings for the troops. For this reason, and 
through the careless but natural intermeddling of the soldiers with the 
small arms and appendages deposited there, the .Slate has experienced 
severe loss and dam.age to its property, aside from the injury to the 
arsenal buildings and grounds inseparable from the tumultuous charac- 
ter of the occuj^ation. 

Later in the war, a most beneficent institution, called 
the Soldiers's Rest Hospital was established by the patri- 
otic citizens of Bangor. The Adjutant-General gives 
the following account of it: 

Early in .Vlay, 1864, immediately after the battle of the Wilderness, 
so large a number of sick and disabled soldiers were returned to Bangor 
that the liberal citizens estjiblished a "Rest" for their accommodation, 
supporting it at first entirely by voluntary contributions. The institu- 
tion was subseciuently assumed by the State, and on the 7th of Octoljer, 
1864, by the General Goverimient. Dr. S. B. Morison, of Bangor, 
gratuitously devoted the largest portion of his time from April to Oc- 
tober to the care of the sick and wounded within its walls. In October, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



however, he was .-ippointcd by the Medical Director of the Department 
of the East to take charge of Soldier's Rest Hospital, which continued 
in opeialion for one year. During this latter period, more than 3,000 
soldiers were admitted, which should be added to the number of about 
2,500 who were accommodated previous to the last change. 

The Second Regiment of the Maine Infantry and the 
First Regiment of Heavy Artillery were rendezvoused and 
organized here. In the late summer of 1862 the drafted 
troops for the nine months' service, under the President's 
call of August 4th, of that year, from the counties of 
Aroostook, Piscataquis, Penobscot, Hancock, Washing- 
ton, and Waldo, and three towns in Kno.x county, were 
ordered to rendezvous at ("amp John Pope, the first 
named in Bangor. Colonel Mayo, ,as already noted, was 
made commandant, with, a little later, Benjamin A. 
Foster designated as post-adjutant, and IJewellyn T- 
Morse as quartermaster. I)rs. Mason and Weston, of 
Bangor, had charge of the Medical Department. 

Valuable aid was rendered early in the war by the 
firm of Messrs. Hinckley & Egery, foundrymen, who re- 
modeled and rifled at their establishment eighteen old- 
fashioned smooth-bore cannon, which made them greatly 
more efficient. Five of them were sent to Portland Har- 
bor, two to Wiscasset, and two to Rockland, for coast 
defence. 

Among other patriotic local industries, Messrs. Wheel- 
wright, Clark & Co., in 1862, manufactured very rapidly, 
under the stress of the period, the clothing for eight of 
the nine months' regiments recruited that year. 

In April, 1861, at once upon the call for men to go to 
the country's aid, $12,000 were subscribed in Bangor 
for the support of the families of volunteers. The city 
authorities, however, allowed only a |wrt of this to be 
collected and disbursed, as the council presently assumed 
the expense of such jjatriotic benefactions. The ladies of 
the city began to organize for provision for the sick and 
wounded of the army as soon as their services were 
needed. Military drill, on the recommendation of the 
Mayor and by formal order of the city council, was in- 
troduced as an e.xercise in the Boys' High School; and 
one or more of the boys' select schools of the city also 
adopted it, while the citizens organized in voluntary com- 
panies for drill. 

Space would fail to tell of all the good words and 
deeds of Bangor, as well as the rest of Penobscot county, 
during the terrible contest. One-fifth of the entire male 
population of the city, between the ages or eighteen and 
forty, entered the service of the country during the first 
year of the war. Nine hundred and fifty-eight volun- 
teered in the year reported — 1861-62. In the official 
year, 1864-65, when it had become so difficult to procure 
men for the service, 524 were enlisted at Bangor. In 
all, about 2,700 from this one city aided in the field or 
on the seas to save the Nation from destruction. The 
bounties for enlistments ])aid from the city treasury 
amounted to $21,300; by the citizens, $17,655. 

Meanwhile the city was suffering severely in all its 
financial interests, except those relating to the supply and 
subsistence of troops. Its coastwise commerce fell off 
from 3,275 clearataces in 1S60 to 1,652 the year follow- 
ing, and did not recover until after the war. At least 



four vessels owned at Bangor were captured by the rebel 
privateers — the ship Golden Rocket, the brigs Elsinore 
and Wm. McGilvery, and the schooner Arcade. 

Nevertheless the sentiment of the city was steadfastly 
true to the Union. The Peace Party commanded but 
31 out of 1,992 votes at the election of September, 1861. 

'I'he names of officers and soldiers from Bangor will 
be found in the rolls printed on subsequent pages. Bi- 
ographical notices of many of them will appear in con- 
nection with the History of Bangor. We desire to 
subjoin here, however, the list of its warrior dead, which 
was made up at the close of the war by the intelligent 
industry of some of the officers of the city, and is pub- 
lished in the city reports for 1865: 

THE HONORED DEAD. 

Robert L. .-Atkins, Co. K, Second Maine regiment. Killed at HanovCr 
('. H., May 27, 1862. 

John Ayer, Captain Co. H, Si.vteenth M.iinc regiment. Died in 
rebel hospital, Richmond, February 22, 1863. 

Eben E. Andrews, Co. I, Fourteenth Maine regimi-nt. l^ied at .Au- 
.i^usla, Maine, April 2, i86s. 

.Amaziah Billings, Co. D, First regiment Maine heavy artillery. Died 
in Bangor, Maine. April 17, 1865. 

William Bartlett, Co. D, First regiment Maine heavy artillery. Died 
in hospital at Philadelphia, July 6, 1864. 

Charles E. Bicknell, on board United States steamer Cambridge, 
drowned December 15, 1862. 

ScoUay D. Baker. Captain Co. I, Ninth Miiine regiment. Killed at 
Fort Gregg, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, September 8, 1863. 

George F. Browne, Lieutenant Co. H, Fourth Maine regiment 
Killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. 

Warren Boynton, C'o. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. 
Killed in battle December 15, 1864. 

Benjamin C. Benson, Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Drowned in 
the Potomac river, August 30, 1862. 

(jeorge H. Benson. Ensign United States bark Horace Beals. Died 
at Pensacola Bay, October 9, 1863. 

Isaac Berry, Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of 
Harrison C. H., May 27, 1862. 

John BilUngs, Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Died at F'ortress 
Monroe, November 28, 1861. 

Stephen D. Carpenter, Major Nineteenth regiment United .States in- 
fantry. .Shot at the battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, December 3r, 
1862. 

Jeremiah Corcoran, Co. I, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the 
battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. 

Rufus H. Cole, Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment. Died in hospi- 
tal at Smoketown. Maryland. October 5, 1862. 

Peter Cannon, Co. I, .Second Maine regiment. Died at Hall's Hill, 
January 28, 1862. 

Edward R. Chamberlain, Co. A, Second Maine regiment. Died at 
.\le.\andria, 'Virginia, July 26, 1861. 

William C. Chamberlain, Co. D, First regiment Maine heavy artillery. 
Died in Washington, D. C, July 12, 1864. 

Hiram G. Claridge, Co. 1, Twelfth Maine regiment. Died in hospi- 
tal at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, January j, 1863. 

Charles B. Cobb, Sergeant Co. F, Thirty-first Maine regiment. 
Killed near Petersburg, 'Virginia, June 17, 1864. 

Charles H. Cleaves, Co. D, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Killed at 
the battle of Fort Hudson, June 10, 1862. 

Robert Carlisle, Sergeant Co. A, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Killed 
at Cold Harbor, Virginia, June 10, 1864. 

Benjamin Chase, Corporal Co. A, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Died 
in hospital at Augusta, Maine, July 22, 1864. 

William A. Cates, Co. B, First Maine heavy artillery. Died in hos- 
pital at City Point, Virginia, June 19, 1864. 

Daniel Chaplin, Colonel First Maine heavy artillery. Died in hospi- 
tal at Philadelphia, .August 20, 1864. 

John F. Drew, Co. F, First regiment Maine heavy artillery. Died in 
hospital at W.rshington, District of Columbia, July 8, 1864. 

Thomas Drummond, Lieutenant Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy 
artillery. Killed near Petersburg, June, 1864. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Samuel W. Daggett, Captain Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy ar- 
tillery. Died in hospital at New York, July i, 1864. 

Adrian R. Drew, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died 
in Washington. District of Columbia, July 28, 1864. 

Henry O. Dunbar, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. 
Killed in battle at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1864. 

Charles H. Daggett, Corporal Co. B, First Maine regiment heavy ar- 
tillery. Died in Campbell Hospital, Washington. D. C. , June 30, 1864. 

Willard G. Delano. Co. K. First Maine regiment heavy artillery. 
Killed in battle June r8, 1864. 

Lysander B. Dunbar. Co. H, First Maine regiment henvy artillery. 
Died in hospital at City Point, Virginia. 

WilliamJ. Deane, Sergeant Co. A, Second Maine regiment. Killed 
at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. 

Charles V. Dudley, Co. E, Si.xth Maine regiment. Killed at the sec- 
ond battle of Fredericksburg, May 2, 1863. 

Ozra W. Davis, Co. A. Sixth Maine regiment. Killed ;U Rappahan- 
nock, Virginia, November 7, 1863. 

John A.Deahng. Co. B, Second Maine regiment, killed at the battle 
of Bull Run, July 21. i86r. 

Seth E. Drinkwater, Co. A. Thirty-first Maine regiment. Killed in 
the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 

Samuel M. Emerson, First Maine regiment, heavy artillery. Died at 
Fort Sumner, Maryland, September 25. 1863. 

Solomon G. Emery, Co. A, Sixteenth Maine regiment. Died in 
hospital at Washington, District of Columbia, December 3, 1863. 

Fred W. Five, Co. I, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Died in hospital 
at Philadelphia, April 13. 1865. 

Luther C. Fairfield, Lieutenant Co. H, Seventh regiment Maine 
volunteers. Died in hospital at Portland, February, 1863. 

John A. Farnham, Co. K, Eighth Maine regiment. Died at Beau- 
fort, July I, 1863. 

Edward R. Flowers, Master's Mate, United States navy. Killed on 
board the United States gun-boat Maiatanza, off Wilmington, North 
Carolina, October, 1862. 

Albert W. Forbes, Co. I, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Died at 
Boston, Massachusetts, April 8. 1865. 

Edward A. Goodale, Co. E, Sixth Maine regiment. Died in Bangor, 
July 13. 1863. 

Walter S. Goodale, Lieutenant Co. H, Fourth Maine regiment. 
Killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. 

Nathan D. Hanson, Co. F, First Maine regiment. Killed near 
Petersburg, June 18, 1864. 

Edward W. Hanson, Co. B, Twenty-second Maine regiment. Died 
at Opelousas, Louisiana, May 10, 1863. 

Nathan A. Hopkms, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. 
Killed .at Spottsylvania May 9. 1864. 

Willii'm H. H. Hasey, Sergeant Co. E, Twentieth Maine regiment. 
Died in hospital at David's Island, New York, September 28, 1864. 

Joseph E. Hatton, Co. F, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Died in 
hospital at Washmgton, June g, 1864. 

William P. Holdeu, Sergeant Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Died 
at United States General Hospital, at Annapolis, Maryland, May =;, 
1863, 

John W. Hurd, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died 
at Fort Alexander, near Washington, District of Columbia, December 
16, 1862. 

Albert M. Jackson, Co. H, District of Columbia cavalry. Died at 
Sahsbury, North Carolina, January. 1865. 

Charles D. Jameson, Brigadier-General. Died at his residence. 
Upper Stillwater, from disease contracted in the service, November 6, 
1862. 

William Jordan. Second Maine regiment, and transferred to the 
Twentieth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Gettysburg, July 
3. 1863. 

Stephen H. Leighton, Co. H, Second Maine regiment. Killed at 
the battle of Bu'l Run, July 21. 1861. 

Sewell B. Lombard, Co. D, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Killed at 
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, August 5, 1862. 

Otis E. Lufkin, Co. A, First Maine cavalry. Killed in battle March 
31, 1865. 

John J. Marstan, Co. H, Sixteenth Maine regnnent. Died in hos- 
pital at Richmond, Virginia, February 24, 1864. 

Andrew McP'adden, Co. I, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Died at 
Savannah, April 12, 1865. 

Lewis L. Marsh, Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the 
second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. 



George C. Martin, Co. H, Second Maine regiment. Died at For- 
tress Monroe June 10, 1862. 

tjustavus Nason. Corporal Co. D, Thirtieth Maine regiment. Died 
in rebel prison at Tyler, Texas, July 30, 1864. 

Edward F. Orff, Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the bat- 
tle of Bull Run, July 21, i86r. 

Bryden S. Osborn, Co. I, Twelfth Maine regiment. Died at Baton 
Rouge, Louisiana, February 23, 1863. 

Frank Powers. First Maine regiment, heavy artillery. Died in hos- 
pital at David's Island, New York, August 8, 1864. 

Charles Parkhurst, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died 
in hospital at Alexandria, Virginia, July 18, 1864. 

W'illiam T. Pierce, Co. A, Thirty-first regiment Maine volunteers. 
Killed in the Wilderness fight, May 15, 1864. 

George L. Palmer, engineer. Killed on board the United States 
monitor Patapsco, in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, January 15, 
1863. 

Charles W. Pierce, Corporal Co. F, Seventh Maine regiment. Died 
in United Stales hospital, New York Harbor, November 9, 1862. 

Isaiah B. Scribner, Co. B, Sixth Maine regiment. Died in hospital at 
Washington, D. C, January 21, 1864. 

James Stone, Co. 1, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of 
Hanover C. H,, May 27, 1865. 

Frank W. Sabine, Captain Co. C, Eleventh Maine regiment. Died 
at Chesapeake hospital, Fortress Monroe, September 15, 1864. 

John M. Sherwood, Lieutenant Co. E, Twentieth Maine regiment. 
Killed in the Wilderness May 8. 1864. 

Alfred M. Sprague, Co. K, First Maine regiment heavy arlillery. 
Died at Washington, D. C. , January 28, 1864. 

Charles W. Smith, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. 
Died in hospital at Fredericksburg, May 22, 1864. 

Henry A. Smiley, Co. E, First Mame regiment heavy artillei-y. 
Died at Washington. D. C, May 25, 1864. 

Amos N. Smiley, Co. C, Twenty-fourth Maine regiment. Died in 
Bangor, August 16, 1863. 

Shepherd S. Thomas, Sergeant Co. I, Ninth Maine regiment. Killed 
near Petersburg, Virginia, July 4, 1864. 

Charles A. Thatcher, in command United States steamer Gazelle, 
Killed by guerillas at Morganza, Louisiana, November 25, 1864. 

William L. Pitcher, Major Fourth Maine regiment. Killed at the 
liattle of Fredericksburg, December 13. 1662. 

Henry A. Pollard, Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the 
battle of Hanover C. H., May 27, 1862. 

James (Juimby, Co. B, Fourth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle 
of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. 

James L. Rowe, Sergeant Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Killed 
at Hanover C. H., May 27, 1862. 

Frederic H. Rogers, Company K, Fourth Maine regiment. Killed at 
the battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. 

Amos H. Richardson, Co. B, Twenty-second Maine regiment. Died 
in Bangor, August 15, 1863. 

James Robinson, Co. I, Second Maine regiment. Died in prison at 
Richmond. 

Harvey H. Reed, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died 
at City Point hospital, Virginia, June 26, 1864. 

Frank S. Robinson, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. 
Killed near Petersburg, June, 1864. 

Benjamin F. Scribner, Co. B, Twentieth Maine regiment. Killed 
at the battle of Rappahannock Station, November 7, 1863. 

Sumner Tibbetts, Corporal Company D, First Maine regiment heavy 
artillery. Died in hospital at David's Island, New York, July 30, 1864. 

Samuel F. Thompson, Captain Co. D, Twelfth Maine regiment 
heavy artillery. Killed in battle near Winchester, September 19, 1864. 

George A. Tibbetts, Co. L, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. 
Died in hospital at Philadelphia, July i, 1864. 

Ransom Wharton, Second Maine regiment. Killed at second battle 
of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. 

Henry O. Wilson, Co. B, Twenty-second Maine regiment. Killed 
at Port Hudson, June ri, 1863. 

Oscar Woer, Second Maine regiment, and transferred to the Twen- 
tieth Maine regiment. Killed in the battle of (ieltysburg. July 31, 
1863. 

Patrick Welch, Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle 
of Fredericksburg December, 13, 1862. 

Asa Wilson, Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the second 
battle of Bull Run. August 30, 1862. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






Kichard H. Websler, Co. I, Second Maine regiment. Died at Hull's 
Hill. January 19, 1862. 

Daniel \Ve.st, ("o. K. Eleventli Maine rcginienl. Died at Yorklown, 
Virginia, June 5, 1862. 

Albert M. Wheeler, Co. H, Seventh Maine regiment. Died in hcs- 
pital at Newport News, Virginia, April 27, 1862. 

Frederick E. Webster, Co. B. Twenty-second Maine regiment. Died 
in hospital at Baton Rouge, March 5, 1863. 

Henry Warren, Captain Co. G, Seventh Maine regiment. Killed 
near Spoltsylvania. May 18, 1864. 

Charles H. Whittier, Co. A, Thirty-first Maine regiment. l>i<'d in 
hospital at Washington, July 11, 1864. 

Keginalfl B. Wiggin, Captain Co. A. Second Maine regiment, trans- 
ferred to Invalid Corps. Died in Washington, August i, 1864. 

Thomas D. Wilherly, Sergeant Co. H, Si.\teentli Maine regiment. 
Died in liangor, March 26, 1865. 

Franklin W. Whittier, Co. D, l-'irst Maine regiment heavy artillery. 
Killed near Petersburg, June 18, 1864. 

Daniel O. Pollard, First Maine regiment heavy aitillery. I)ii-<lJune, 
1864. 

John S. Libby, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed June 
I, 1864. 

Patrick Carlton, dii-d in Port koyal. July 9, 1862. 

Herman K. Day, Second Maine regiment. Died in hos|>it;il, Fel;- 
ruary 6, 1862. 

Michael Melian, died in Bangor. .August, 1864. 

So early as 1862, a large subscription was made, by 
tiie people of Batigor, to a fund for the building of a 
monument in honor of the deceased soldiers of the war. 
A sufficient sum was raised in due time, a Soldiers' Mon- 
ument Association was organized, and on the 17th of 
June, 1864, the monument was dedicated in Mt. Hope 
Cemetery, with fitting ceremonies and addresses, in the 
[jresence of a large assembly. The Mayor of the city 
for the time being is President of the Association, by its 
constitution. 

HOME (UI.^RDS. 

A considerable number of somewhat informal and not 
fully organized military comi)anies were formed in the 
State during the first year of the war, and familiarly 
known as "Home (kiards." The Penobscot valley had 
its lull share of these; and musters of the companies in 
battalions or regiments, for drill or discipline, and for re- 
view by the superior officers of the State militia, were 
held during 1861 as follow: At South Nevvburg, 
August 29th; Monroe, Septeiwber 25th; Hampden, Oc- 
tober 9th; North Newburg, October 15th; and at Ban- 
gor the same (all. At the last-named, Colonel William H. 
Mills was in command; at North and South Newburg, 
and at Hampden, Colonel Amasa Walker commanded, 
and Mr. F. G. Flagg, of that place, served as Adjutant. 
Major James H. Butler, commanding the First Division 
of State militia, and staff, reviewed the (iuards at Ban- 
gor and Hampden. 

.S'lWllC CUARDS. 

In 1863, March 25th, the Legislature passed an act 
for the formation of State Cuards, with an organization 
similar to that of the older militia, in companies, regi- 
ments, brigades and divisions. Under this act David 
Bugbee, of Bangor, became Colonel of the First Regi- 
ment, in the First Division; Lebbens Oak, of Garland, 
Major; Frank H. Garnsey, Adjutant; Charles H. Den- 
nett, Quartermaster; and Dr. Ralph K. Jones, Surgeon. 
Llewellyn J. Morse, of the same. Captain of Company 
A: Josiali S. Ricker, also of Bangor, Captain of Com- 



pany B; John B. Maxfield, of Dexter, Captain of Com- 
])any 1'"; and George S. Clark, of Garland, Captain of 
Company H;— all in Colonel Bugbee's regiinent. Roby 
Ireland, of Bangor, was Second Lieutenant of Company 
A, which had ninety-two men, besides a full complement 
of sergeants and corjjorais; Theodore C. Johnson was 
First Lieutenant, and George W. Stevens, Second Lieu- 
tenant of Company 1!~ ninety-three men; David H. Ad- 
dison, of De.xter, Set:ond Lieutenant of Company F — 
ninety-one men ; Elisha Skinner, of Portland, First, and 
L. Oak, of the same, Second Lieutenant — seventy-six 
men. When the garrison at Fort McClary, protecting 
the navy-yard at Kittery, was ordered to the front in 
1864, Company A was mustered into the United States 
service, and served at the fort from July 7th to Septem- 
ber 8, 1864. Company B was afterwards ordered to the 
same point, and served similarly the United States from 
September 3d, to November 7, 1864. An interesting duty 
was performed by Company A the year before, which is 
thus noticed in the succeeding rejiort of Adjutant-Gen- 
eral Hodsden: 

Captain I.. J. Morse, Company A. of Bangor, in the First Division, 
promptly obeyed an order of May 8th to attend upon the funeral cere- 
monies of the late lamented Major-General Hiram G. Berry, at Rock- 
land on the nth of that month. The full ranks and soldiery bearing 
of this splendid company, on that as well as other occasions, afforded 
an indication of the immense military power in this and other free States 
yet slumbering, which might be called into action should legislators 
ever awaken to a just realization of the necessity of coming to the aid 
of the Government with such a reasonable proportion of existing physi- 
cal force, if under a proper militia organization, as may render it some 
substantial service in the present struggle for its re-establishment. 

The following-named were the officers of the First Divi- 
sion of the State militia, at the close of 1863: James H. 
Butler, Major-General, Bangor; Charles E. Dole, Aide-de- 
Camp, Bangor; Joseph L. Smith, Aide-de-Camp, Old- 
town; James Dunning, Division Inspector, Bangor; 
Thomas Hersey, Division Quartermaster, Bangor; Ed- 
mund \\'. Flagg, Division Advocate, Bangor. This is 
the same list as at the close of 1861, except for a change 
in the Judge Advocate. At that time Charles D. Jame- 
son, of Orono, was Colonel of the h'irst Regiment, First 
Division; Charles W. Rogers, of Bangor, Lieutenant 
Colonel; George Varney, Major; and Dr. A. C. Hamlin, 
Surgeon — although all these officers were then in the 
United States service. Marion B. Patton, of Brewer, 
was Major of the First Battery of Artillery, and Francis 
A. Conner, of Brewer, Adjutant of the First Division. 

Company A, cavalry, of Bangor; Company A, artil- 
lery, of Brewer; Companies B and C, light infantry, of 
Bangor; Company 1), light infantry, of Lagrange; Com- 
])any A, riflemen, Veazie; and Company C, riflemen, of 
Patten, entered the Federal service the first year of the 
war. 

THE FIRST RECRUITS. 

Promptly upon the outbreak of the war, the Legisla- 
ture was convened in extra session, and made provision 
for the raising of ten regiments, fully armed and equip- 
ped by the State, for two years' service. A bounty of 
two months' pay was given to each enlisted man who 
was a resident of the State. General orders were ssued 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



103 



to the Major-Generals of the Maine miHtia, April 22, 
1861, for the raising at once of the ten thousand volun- 
teers,- for "the active militia service of the State." The 
l'"irst and Second Maine regiments were thus enlisted; 
hut the former, with the assent of the officers and men, 
was mustered into the United States service for three 
u'onths, to fill the quota of Maine under the first call of 
the President, and the latter was subsequently mustered 
into the Federal army for the i)eriod of three years. Four 
other regiments were raised under the act of Legislature, 
but when the order of the \^'ar Department was received, 
requiring all enlistments to be for three years, the volun- 
teers already in the State service were invited to sign a 
contract for an additional year, and those who declined 
were mustered out. The regiments were filled up 
|)romptly, and by the 17th of May it became evident 
that the patriotic response of the people would supply 
recruits much faster than the quartermaster and commis- 
sary departments of the .State could provide for them. 
.\n order was therefore promulgated that day, diiecting 
tliat all companies in excess of those already designated 
and necessary for the six regiments in service should 
elect to be disbanded, or be placed on such a footing as 
to drill and pay as would measurably relieve them, and 
yet make their services available when desired. Under 
these orders eighteen companies were nmstered and 
paid from the date of their several organizations to the 
day of payment. Among them were the commands of 
Captains Cass and Carlisle, at Bangor, Captain Crowell, 
at \\'interport. Captain Sawyer, at Di.xmont, Captain 
Roberts, at Dexter, and Captain Boynton, at Newport. 
One-third of the eighteen surplus companies, it seems, 
had been raised in the Penobscot \'alley. .\11 these 
decided to take leave of absence, without pay or rations, 
until again summoned into service. Twelve of the Ca])- 
tains, with most of their original companies, did after- 
wards enter the Federal service. 

In the Report of the Adjutant-General of the State 
for 1S62, honorable mention is made of a large number 
of cities and towns which had furnished their quotas, not 
only fully and promptly, but in such numbers as gave a 
surplus beyond their quotas. Among tlieni were the 
following: 

I'enobscot county. — Bradley, Chester, Dixmont, Etna, 
Lagrange, Lincoln, jNLattawamkeag, Oldtown, Orono, 
Springfield, and Winn. 

From beginning to end of the war, most of the 
towns of Penobscot county were kept "out of the draft," 
though a great many substitutes were furnished, as will 
appear elsewhere in this chapter. In 1863, in Penobscot 
county, as in many other places in the Slate, a disloyal 
spirit of resistance to the draft became manifest, and 
preparations for war at home were made in some locali- 
ties. Dexter, with some towns in other counties, was 
supplied by the State with light field guns, for the use of 
the State Guards in case of local rebellion, while careful 
preparation was made for possible trouble at Bangor. 
The Adjutant-General's Report the next year said: "At 
Bangor, His Honor, Mayor Dale, deemed it prudent to 
have such jiublir jiroperty stored at the State .\rsenal as 



might be made available to an enemy or a mob, removed 
to localities in the city more easily and securely guarded. 
Joseph N. Downe, Esq., an experienced artillerist, 
(though not in commission,) was placed in charge of the 
city defences and the drilling of gunners." The temporary 
danger, however, we are pleased to record, was passed 
without bloodshed. 

The following is the Adjutant-General's exhibit of en- 
listments and credits otherwise obtained in Penobscot 
county : 



Alton 

Argyle 

Fangor . . . . 
Bradford . . , 
Bradley . . , . 

Brewer 

Burlington.. 
Carmei . . . . 

Carroll 

Charleston. 
Chester . . . . 

Clifton 

Corinna.. . . 
Corinth . . . . 
De.vter 



Towns. 



Dixmont '. . . . 

Kddington 

ICdinburg 

Enfield 

Etna 

E.\eter 

Garland 

Glenburn 

Greenbiisli 

Greenfield 

Hampden 

Mermon 

Holden 

How land 

Hudson 

Kenduskeag 

Lagrange 

Lee 

Levant 

Lincoln 

Lowell 

Mattawamkeag 

Maxfield 

Milford... 

Mount Chase.-. 

New liurg 

New port 

Oldtown 

Orono 

Orrington 

I'a5s.adumke.ig 

I^atten 

Plymouth . . 

Prentiss 

Springfield 

.Stetson 

Veazie 

Winn 

Drew plantation 

Maltamiscontis plantation.. 

Medwav plantation 

.\'o. ■ 

No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 



No. of Milford 

K. I 

R-7 

R. I 

R. 6, (Monterey). . . 

K. 6, (O.vbow). .'.... 
Pattagumpus plantation. . . 

Webster plantation 

Whitney Ridge plantation. 
Woodville plantation 



•a o z, 

3 o tri 

c " 5 

K - 3 



Total of County. 



3 o f^ 

re a) I . 

3 2." 



36 

16 
1043 

104 

72 

'75 

36 

74 

23 

81 

29 

18 

92 

"5 

135 

112 

57 

4 

49 

51 

117 

95 
46 

42 
26 
177 
97 
47 
12 

51 
53 
49 
52 
65 
136 

43 
20 

'3 

40 

4 

82 

67 

328 

135 

■33 

26 

75 
69 

>5 
61 
64 

S4 



4681 



38 
24 

926 
92 
62 

160 

30 
76 
26 

74 

18 

18 

III 

105 

148 

89 

51 

2 

26 

48 

107 
93 
54 
45 
26 

188 
78 
47 
II 
48 

52 
46 

37 
78 
91 
27 
20 
9 
45 
II 

91 

82 

177 

122 

109 

19 

36 

69 

23 

52 
61 
6i 

17 



421 1 



74 

40 

1969 

196 

134 

335 

66 

150 

49 

'SS 

47 

36 

203 

220 

283 

201 

108 

6 

75 

99 

224 

188 

100 

87 

52 

365 

'75 

94 

23 

99 

'°S 

95 

89 

'43 

227 

70 

40 

22 

85 

IS 

•73 

'49 

505 

257 

242 

45 
III 

'38 

38 

"3 

'25 

i'5 

39 

2 

8 

28 



3 
18 



8892 



I04 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



i 



The returns of enrolled militia for 1861, complete for 
Penobscot county, showed 9,124 men (only 818 less 
than Cumberland, and greater than any other county in 
the State). 

It is thus seen how large a projiortion -97.5 |)er cent. 
— of the militiamen of Penobscot enlisted in the ser- 
vice of their country. 

THE ROSTER. 

We now come to the immense roll of honor that 
records the magnificent contingent Penobscot county put 
in the lield during the late war. Happily, the care of 
the company clerks and all others concerned with the 
preparation of the rolls and their publication, enables us 
to locate with reasonable certainty in his own town 
almost every man in the regimental or battery organiza- 
tions. It is hoped that few blunders occur in this — 
either of omission or of misplacing a soldier. So far as 
was practicable we have followed the soldiers in their 
|)rou)olions, if any ; but it is hardly probable that all have 
been observed. We repeat that most of the sketches of 
history are taken almost verbatim from .Adjutant General 
Hod.sdon's reports: 

KIKST RKdI.MENT INFANTRY 

was organized Ajiril 28, 1861, and mustered into the 
United States service at Portland, May 3d, to serve three 
months. On the ist day of June it left for Washington, 
where it encamped on Meridian Hill, and there remained 
in the performance of necessary guard duty at exposed 
points till ;\ugust I St, when it left for Portland, where it 
was mustered out of the United States service, August 
5th, by Captain Thomas Hight, Second United States 
dragoons. 

The only member of this regiment from the Penobscot 
valley seems to have been William H. Moore, of Corinna, 
Private of ( 'o. K. 

FIRST RKCIMKNT INFANTRY, VF;TERAN VOLUNTEERS. 

'i'his regiment, being a consolidation of the veterans 
and recruits of the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh regiments 
of infantry, was organized at Charlestown, Virginia, Au- 
gust 21, 1864, in accordance with orders from War De- 
partment, and was engaged at the battle of Charlestown 
during the first day of its organization. The regiment 
was also engaged at Winchester on September 19th, at 
Fisher's Hill on the 2 ist, and at Cedar Creek on October 
19th, taking its part in all the marches of the Shenandoah 
Valley canii)aign, losing in the several engagements 1 
officer, 1 1 enlisted men killed, 2 officers, 97 en- 
listed men wounded, and 15 missing. On the 12th 
of December the regiment arrived at City Point, Vir- 
ginia, and remained in front of Petersburg doing 
camp and picket duty, besides being occasionally en- 
gaged in skirmishing, until the 25th of March, 1865, 
when it formed a part of the column of the Sixth Corps, 
in their successful assault of the enemy's lines near Fort 
Fisher. On the 2d of April it jjarticipated in the en- 
gagement at Hatcher's Run, and afterwards took a prom- 
inent ])art in the storming of the battery at Lee's head- 
quaiters; then skirmished across the .'\ppomatox until 
nightfall. It .tIso partiri|).Ued in the pursuit of I.ec's 



retreating army, as also its surrender; and on the 26th 

of April it arrived at Danville, Virginia, where the regi- 
ment was stationed doing provost duty during the follow- 
ing month. Afterwards the regiment returned to \\'ash- 
ington, participated in the grand review at that place on 
the 23d of May, when, on the 28th of June, they were 
mustered out of the United States service by Brevet- 
Major George H. Amidon, A. C. M., and immediately 
proceeded to Maine, and were paid and finally discharged 
on the 3d of July. 

1 n:M) AND .STAl'l--. 

.Adjutant William H. Coan, Eexter. 
Quartermaster-.Sergeant Moses I'almer, jr.. I'atten. 

COMPANY A. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Ijieulenant George R. Cony, Oldtown. 

First Lieutenant Walter B. Jenness, Oldtown. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

C-'orporal l-'.dn.ird H. Feeney, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Peter .Olivine, deorfje W. Bonney, Jotin Bradley, William H. Carver, 
George Casey, I'Yank I*. Davis, Fabian Dube, Edward Fortier, William 
R. Grant, Nathaniel K. Johnson, John Loney, Joseph Vanna, Bangor; 
Robert Honell, George R. Cony, Joseph Fiancis, Oldtown; John 
Gerow, Veazie; Walter B. Jenness, Harmon. 

COMPANY K. 

COMMI.SSIONED OFFICER. 

.Second Lieutenant .\l\in .A. Messer, Enfield. 

PRIVATES. 

'Thomas -Malony, Bangor; George .\. Cook, Charles 1>. I'eltman, 
•IsolahS. Pealsah, Oldtown; Moses Giles, Glenburn; Henry C. Hold, 
Kddington; P'reenian Haur, Hudson; John Lisbon, Thomas F. 
Crocker, Oruno; iMvin A. .Messer, Enfield. 

COMPANY C. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Second Lieuttnant Charles Lowell, Enfield. 

NUN-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Walter B. Jenness, Hermon. 
.Sergeant John J. Fogg. Orono. 
Sergeant Isaac Pratt, Oldtown. 
Corporal J oseph W. Eslabrook, Bangor. 
C'orporal fienjamin V. Goodwin, Stetson. 

PRIVATES. 

;\lonzo Celley, -Alvin B. Hudson, I-"rank B. Holden, Arthur Ingra- 
li.im, John S. McC'lure, William J. White, Bangor; Phineas T. Bean, 
George H. Doherly, I-'olsom Dulton, Edward Felix, Parmenter Shep- 
ard, Jeremiah Pbtnscomb, (Jeorge ICinsell, Octave I^izotte, Charles E. 
Miles, Joseph W. Riggs, (Jlreen C. Spencer, Charles E. Atwood, Ken- 
duskeag; .Mien W. Bailey, Milford; Samuel Emery, jr., Veazie; 
Charles W. Johnston, StilKvatei ; Mark C. Jenness, Hermon; Edwin 
Jordan, Bradley; Thom.as S. Libby, Lincoln; Edward Reynolds, 
Winn; Stephen .Sewall, Milford; Colby Smith, Bradley; Ira F. Stinch- 
field, David C. Whitnev, Lincoln; I*' rank W. Titcomb, Garland; Ira 
H. Tibbetts, Carmel; Asa G. Wiggin, George W. Fogg, Stetson; 
Ileniy C. WTiite, LoW'cU; .Augustus Whitman, Orono. 

COMPANY I). 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Sergeant James W. .Sutlierland, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Aionzo Halchelder, .Mien V. Greene, William .\. Jellison, Henry (J. 
Lane, .Andrew Mann, l'"rancis McCarty, John iMcGeary. Peter .Xewell, 
John M. Rice, ("harles Roberts, Charles B. Vickery, W^illiam S. Carr, 
Bangor; Judson W'. Currier, Garland; Charles Dyer, Oliver J. Fuller, 
George S. Gould, Jonas P. Lovejoy, Asa B. Lowell, William H. 
Quimby, John Roncon, Edward J. Sturtevant, Dexter; Martin V. 
Eldridge. Newbury; W. Frost, James C. Lander, Joseph Wormwood, 
('urinna: Lorenzo H. Roberts, Corinth; Benjamin F. Pratt, Oldtown. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



107 



COMPANY E. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
C.i[5tain William Crosby, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant George W. Fogg, Stetson. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

.Sergeant .Albert L. Jones, Holden. 
Corporal Hosea Q. Morton, Etna. 
Corporal Thomas W. Cluck, Clifton. 

I'KIVATES. 

Moses B.abcock. Micli.ael Gallagher, James H. McKeen, William 
Parker, Stephen Willetts, William Crosby, .-\nthony I'erry, Bangor; 
Hannibal H. Coombs, John Glover, John S. Yates, .Matlawamkeag; 
Harry F. Mills, Daniel E. Mills, Levant; William D. Mills. Corinth; 
Thomas L. Pillsbury, Garland; Josiiua Withani, Dexter; Kphr.iiin 
Perkins, Brewer. 

COMPANY F. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Captain George H. Buker, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Wagoner Isaiah .Allen, Lincoln. 

rKIVATES. 

Henry Cowan, Warren H. Farrer, De\\'itt C. Morrill, Bangor; George 
L. Buswell. De.xter; George Cole, Oldtown; .Vlvah H. Dol)ie, Etna; 
I)a\id S. Richardson, Greenbush; Stephen A. Goodwin, Lincoln. 

COMPANY G. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant George X. Fogg, Stetson. 
Corporal Michael H. Smith, Lincoln. 

PKU ATES. 

Peter .Ames, James Kenney, Bangor; Joseph R. Brown, Dexter; 
Henry M. Curtis, Charles Glassion, .Alexander H. Hunt, Calvin Lea- 
vitt, Sebattis Mohawk, Frank Susup. (Jeorge W. Wilson, Oldtown; 
John Mcgaw, Carroll; Silas R. Rowell, Eddington; John Thompson, 
llermon; Hiram Lowell, P.Uten. 

COMPANY H. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Walter B. Jenners, Oldtown. 

Second Lieutenant Warren T. Ring, Oldtown. 

Second Lieutenant Walter B. Jenners, Oldtown. 

NON-COMMI.SSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant William H. Pitcher, Bangor. 

Sergeant Alvin .A. Messer, Enfield. 

Sergeant Nyron B. Roberts, Lincoln. 

Corporal Francis Laing, Passadumkeag. 

Coiporal Charles M. Farnham, F.dinburg. 

Corporal John B. Fleming, Lincoln. 

Corporal Willis S. Lancaster, Maxfield. 

Corporal Oliver Hull, Oldtown. 

Musician Benjamin Gates, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Felix F'.ettei's, James Carney, William W. H.arris, Charles Jimmo, 
M.ayland F. Jacobs, John Nedds, Samuel Newell, Benjamin Oakes, 
Madison C. Rowe, Charles C. Smith, .Alexander N. Hunt, Warren I. 
Ring, Oldtown; William E. Chalman. James Shean, George .A. Stet- 
son, William Gilison, Bangor; Horace Dexter, Corinth; Daniel Floyd, 
Llewellyn Pollard, Hampden; John .\L Garey, Garland; Luther 
Haynes, Franklin Haynes, Passadumke.ig; M. V. B. Hutchins, 
Brewer; Marshal Jimmo, Patten; Joseph C. Kelley, Orono; Orlando 
J. Rowe, Eddington; Frankhn Young, E.xeter; Walter B. Jenners, 
Hermon. 

COMPANY I. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Lieutenant Benjamin F. Bicknell, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Warren T. Ring, Oldtown. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Lewis E. Hardy, Hampden. 
Sergeant -Andrew J. Kimball, Patten. 
Corporal .Albion P. Hardy, Hampden. 
Corporal J osiah Smith, Garland. 



Corporal James Norton, Bangor. 
Musician Reuel D. Worcester, Hermon. 
Musician Sumner H. Condon, Bangor. 
Wagoner John Isham, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Benjamin Bicknell, William P. Burgess, Richard Davis, James John- 
son, Patrick Early, Bangor: Elisha C. Debeck, Clifton; .Abraham 
Grover, Sidney -A. Milton, Oldtown; George W. Hodgkins, Stetson; 
Hibbard S. Leeman, Dexter; George Lesser, Orono; Greenleaf B. 
Staples, Glenburn; Charles T. Snow, Hani]xlen; Rufus K. Stevens, 
Hudson; Joseph Stanislaus, Lincoln. 

COMPANY K. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

C.iptain Warren T. King, Oldtown. 

NON-COiMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Wagoner Charles S. Worcester, Glenburn. 

PRIV.VTES. 

George Bunker, Charleston; Joseph H. Burton, William C. Mann, 
Eddington; Sylvanus Davis, William H. Evans, Otis W. Ellis, William 
H. Gullifer, James Garrity, Joseph Gillespie, Peter Grant, Gilman 
Knights, John O. Lee, Michael McLaughlin, James McGunuicle, 
Jesse H. Snow, George A. Tweedie, Thomas C. Barker, Bangor; 
Henry Jones, Hampden; James S. Russell, Glenburn; Hosea Sawyer, 
Orono; John Swassen, Thora.as P. Smith, Warren T. Ring, Oldtown; 
George W. Fogg, Stetson; Francis Laing, Passadumkeag. 

SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Bangor, leaving there 
May 14, 1861, and was mustered into the United States 
service at Willett's Point, Long Island, N. Y., May 28, 
1861, to serve two years. Arrived at Washington on the 
31st, and encamped on Meridian Hill till July ist, 
and at Falls Church, Virginia, until the i6th. It 
took a prominent part in the battle of Bull Run, July 
2ist, losing in the engagement 47 killed and wounded, 
and over 100 missing. Arriving in Washington on the 
23d, they garrisoned Fort Corcoran until the middle of 
October, when they were assigned to the First brigade. 
Porter's division, and left the fort for Hall's Hill, remain- 
ing there until the ist of Maich, 1862, at which time they 
advanced vi'ith the Army of the Potomac on Manassas; 
afterwards participated in the siege of Yorktown. On the 
27th of May, the regiment was engaged at the battle of 
Hanover Court House. During this engagement their loss 
in killed wass light, though the number of wounded was 
large. The regiment took a prominent part in the battle of 
Gaines Hill, and during the seven days' retreat was repeat- 
edly under fire, and at the battle of Malvern Hill success- 
fully held a dangerous and conspicuous position during the 
day, losing but few men. They remained several weeks 
at Harrison's Landing, when on its evacuation they were 
ordered to join General Pope's army, and on the 30th 
of August participated in the battle of Manassas. They 
retreated with the army to Washington and encamped on 
Arlington Heights, where after remaining three days they 
marched into Maryland. 

At the battle of Antietam, on the 17th of Sep- 
tember, the regiment was under fire in the reserve, and 
after the battle was among the first to enter Sharpsburg 
after the enemy had left. Shortly after this the regiment 
in an effort to ford the river at Shepherdstown, was con- 
fronted by a largely superior force of the enemy, and, 
under a galling fire, was obliged to re-ford the river. On 
the 13th of December the regiment took a prom- 
inent part in the battle of F'redericksburg. Their loss in 



14 



io8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



1 



killed and wounded in that engagement was very heavy. 
During General Hooker's operations at Fredericksburg 
and Chancellorsville, the regiment formed a part of the 
right wing of his army, and at the last named battle, in 
May, 1863, was mostly behind breastworks. When the 
regiment's time expired in May, 125 of the number who 
were sworn in for three years, were transferred to the 
Twentieth Maine volunteers, and the remainder, 275, in- 
cluding officers and men, returned to Maine, where they 
were mustered out of the United States service at Ban- 
gor, June 4 and 9, 1863, by Captain Thomas C. J. Bai- 
ley, Seventeenth United States infantry. 

FIELD AND STAFF. 

Colonel Charles D. Jameson, Bangor. 
Colonel Charles W. Roberts, Bangor. 
Colonel George Vamey, Rangor. 
Lieutenant Colonel Charles W. Roberts, Bangor. 
Lieutenant Colonel George Varney, Bangor. 
Lieutenant Colonel Daniel F. Sargent, Bangor. 
Major George Varney, Bangor. 
Major Daniel Chaplin, Bangor. 
Major Daniel F. Sargent, Bangor. 
Adjutant John E. Reynolds, Bangor. 
Quartermaster Charles V. Lord, Bangor. 
Quartermaster Samuel W. Hoskins, Oldtown. 
Surgeon William H. Allen, Orono. 
Surgeon Daniel McRuer, Bangor. 
Surgeon Samuel B. Morrison, Bangor. 
Assistant Surgeon Augustus C. Hamlin. Bangor. 
Assistant Surgeon .^Iden D. Palmer, Orono. 
Assistant Surgeon John T. Main, Unity. 
Assistant Surgeon William R. Benson, Newport. 
Quartermaster Sergeant Luther A. Pierce, Bangor. 
Quartermaster Sergeant Samuel Nash, Bangor. 
Sergeant Major Edward L. Appleton, Bangor. 
Sergeant Major Charles J . Ellis, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Major James A. Banks, Bangor. 
Hospital Steward .Alden L. Palmer, Orono. 
Hospital Steward Daniel W. Edgerly. Bangor. 
?Iospital .Steward Grenlief C. Brook, Bangor. 
Commissary Sergeant Rodney W. Warren, Bangor. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Herman Barllett, Bangor, Co. A. 
Captain Rinaldo B. Wiggin, Bangor, Co. A. 
Cajitain Elisha N. |ones, Orringlon, Co. C. 
('aptain Kliph.alct S. Morrill, Brewer, Co. C. 
Captain William R. C'urrier, Brewer, Co. C. 
CajJtain Levi Emerson, Bangor, Co. E. 
Captain Thomas Foster, Hampden, Co. E. 
Captain Daniel Chaplin, Bangor, Co. F. 
Captain Albion P. Wilson, Bangor, Co. F. 
Captain Frederick Meinecke, Bangor, Co. G. 
Captain Augustus B. Farnham, Bangor, Co. G. 
Captain Frank H. Garnsey, Bangor, Co. G. 
Ca|)tain Daniel F. Sargent, Bangor, Co. H. 
Captain Edward L. Getcliell, Bangor, Co. H. 
Captain John Carroll, Bangor, Co. I. 
Captain Daniel White, Bangor, Co. L 
Captain Fernando C^ Foss, Oldtown, Co. K. 
Captain John C. Quimby, Oldtown, Co. K. 
First Lieutenant Rinaldo B. Wiggin, Bangor, Co. A. 
First Lieutenant James Deane, Bangor, Co. A. 
First Lieutenant George J. Brown, Castine, Co. B. 
F'irst Lieutenant John R. Skinner, Brewer, Co. C. 
First Lieutenant William R. Currier, Brewer, Co. C. 
First Lieutenant John W. Adams, Bangor, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Thomas Foster, Hampden, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Collin L. Downs, Brewer, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Albion P. Wilson, Bangor, Co. F. 
First Lieutenant George W. Brown, Bangor, Co. F. 
Fiist Lieutenant Warren H. Boynton, Bangor, Co. F. 
First Lieutenant .Xugustus B. Farnham, Bangor, Co. G. 
First Lieutenant h'rank H. Garnsey, Bangor, Co. G. 



First Lieutenant Horatio Staples, Bangor, Co. G. 
First Lieutenant Edward L. (Jetchell, Bangor, Co. H. 
First Lieutenant Ralph W. Morse, Bangor, Co. H. 
First Lieutenant Henry Casey, Bangor, Co. L ' 
First Lieutenant Samuel B. Field, Bangor, Co. I. 
First Lieutenant .Mbert G. Fellows, Oldtown, Co. K. 
First Lieutenant .Albert L. Cowan, Oldtown, Co. K. 
Second Lieutenant James Dean, Bangor, Co. A. 
Second Lieutenant Horace Brown, Hampden, Co. A. 
Second Lieutenant Samuel B. Hinkley, Bangor, Co. A. 
Second Lieutenant Francis S. Trickcy, Bangor, Co. A. 
.Second Lieuten.ant Eliphalet S. Morrill, Brewer, Co. C. 
Second Lieutenant Francis P. Hall, Brewer, Co. C. 
Second Lieutenant Lyman E. Richardson, Bangor, Co. E. 
Second Lieutenant Thomas Foster, Hampden, Co. E. 
Second Lieutenant Collin L. Downs, Brewer, Co. E. 
Second Lieutenant Edwin L. Sterling, Bangor, Co. E. 
Second Lieutenant Warren H. Boynton, Bangor, Co. F. 
Second Lieutenant Arthur C. Whilcomb, Hampden, Co. F. 
Second Lieutenant Sewall H. Downes, Brewer, Co. F. 
Second Lieutenant Frank H. Garnsey, Bangor, Co. G. 
Second Lieutenant Horatio Staples, Bangor, Co. G. 
Second Lieutenant Joseph B. Forbes, Bangor, Co. G. 
Second Lieutenant George Vinal, Orono, Co. G. 
Second Lieutenant Ralph W. Morse, Bangor; Co. H. 
Second Lieutenant Daniel Quinby, jr., Bangor, Co. IL 
Second Lieutenant Miles Sweeney, Bangor, Co. I. 
Second Lieutenant F.J. Moore. Bangor, Co. I. 
Second Lieutenant Albert L. Cowan, Oldtown, Co. K. 
Second Lieutenant John C. Quimby, Oldtown, Co. K. 

REGIMENTAL BAND. 

Americus D. Harlow, Leader; Ezekiel .Andrews, James F. Bab- 
cock, .\mericus Chapman, George D. Dowing, Charles A. Frost, 
John 1'". Foster, William N. Gilles, Edwin W. Goodale, George Holt. 
Rufus Merrill, Williard B. Peaeks, William L. Leavey, Elisha M. 
Smith, .\masa White, Bmgor; Moses -A. Colburn. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Sergeant Joseph B. Forbes, Bangor. 
First Sergeant William P. Holden, Bangor. 
First Sergeant Edwin L. Sterling, Bangor. 
First Sergeant John M. Sherwood, Bangor. 
First Sergeant Sewal H. Downs, Brewer. 
P'irst .Sergeant James M. Simpson, Brewer. 
First .Sergeant George A. MeClellan. Oldtown. 
.Sergeant Charles Able, Bangor. 
Sergeant William J. Dean, Bangor. 
Sergeant Christojjher S. Gorham, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles F. Hall, Bangor. 
Sergeant George E. Holt, Bangor. 
Sergeant W. H. H. Hasey, Bangor. 
Sergeant Marcellus D.Joy, Bangor. 
Sergeant .Albert M. Jackson, Bangor. 
Sergeant Richard Kelleher, Bangor. 
Sergeant John Q. A. Laneey, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles F. Lovejoy, Bangor. 
.Sergeant William H. S. LawTcnce, Bangor. 
Sergeant Leonard P. Martin, Bangor. 
.Sergeant Charles W. B. Miller, Bangor. 
.Sergeant Daniel (Juiniby, jr. , Bangor. 
Sergeant J oseph L. Rowe, Bangor. 
Sergeant Reavicl David, Bangor. 
Sergeant Francis Vancon, jr., Bangor. 
Sergeant Nelson h". Libbie, Bangor. 
.Sergeant .Mbert Wiggin, Bangor. 
-Sergeant George !•'. Whitney, Bangor. 
.Sergeant Byron C. Gilmore, Bangor. 
Sergeant William R. Currier, Brewer. 
Sergeant Colin L. Downs, Brewer. 
Sergeant Francis P. Hall, Brewer. 
Sergeant James Nicholson, Brewer. 
Sergeant .Augustus Nickerson, Brewer. 
Sergeant James M. Simpson, Brewer. 
Sergeant .Albert J . Snow, Brewer. 
Sergeant Willard H. Burton, Eddinglon. 
Sergeant Joseph Card, Glenburn. 
Sergeant John .Sawyer, Herinon. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



109 



Sergeant Himin B. i'rencli. Holden. 
Sergeant Henry H. Gilmore, Holden. 
Sergeant -Abiather J. Knowles. Lagrange. 
Sergeant Justin S. Nevans, Levant. 
Sergeant John Sawyer, N'ewbu.g. 
Sergeant James A. Burlingame, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Charles C. Morse. Oldtown. 
Sergeant John K. Quimby. Oldtown. 
Sergeant .Albert S. Ross, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Daniel -Staples, Oldtown. 
Sergeant John J. Randall, Orono. 
Sergeant George Vinal, Urono. 
Sergeant George A. .McLellan, Stillwater. 
Corporal Charles .-^ble, Bangor. 
Corporal Josiah A. Bailey, Bangor. 
Corporal Stephen D. Benson, Bangor. 
Corporal William H. Boyce, Bangor. 
Corporal Joseph \V. Chamberlain, Bangor. 
Corporal Reuel S. Clark, Bangor. 
Corporal Hartshorn P. Crowell, Bangor. 
Corporal Charles B. Cobb, Bangor. 
Coiporal Lewis Green, Bangor. 
Corporal John Hawthorn, Bangor. 
Corporal Elbridge F. Haskill, Bangor. 
Corporal Tristram VV. Haskill, Bangoi. 
Corporal William H. Johnson, Bangor. 
Corporal William S. Jordan, Bangor. 
Corporal t'eter Morgan, Bangor. 
Corporal Dennis Mahoney, Bangor. 
Corporal Leonard P. Martin, Bangor. 
Corporal Henry McLaughlin, Bangor. 

Corporal David Reaviel, Bangor. 

Corporal Ldwin L. Sterling. Bangor. 

Corporal .\lonzo Stevens, Bangor. 

Corporal Henry Schnell, Bangor. 

Corporal .•\lbert L. Spencer, Bangor. 

Corporal John E. Trafton, Bangor. 

Corporal William Twomey. Bangor. 

Corporal FYancis V'ancon, jr., Bangor. 

Corporal Peter Welch, Bangor. 

Corporal George K. Whitney, Bangor. 

Corporal J. B. York. Bangor. 

Corporal Edwin Currier, Brewer. 

Corporal Henry M. Cushman, Brewer. 

Corporal Charles W. Morrill, Brewer. 

Corporal J ames M. Simpson, Brewer. 

Corporal Moses Small, Brewer. 

Corporal Cyrus Sweet, Brewer. 

Corporal W. H. H. Wilson, Brewer. 

Corporal John S. Small, Carmel. 

Corporal James McKeen, Eddington. 

Corporal Harrison J. Kolsom, Xewburg. 

Corporal Cyrus Bray, Oldtown. 

Corporal Carpenter Burlingham, Oldtown. 

Corporal Americus V. Moore, Oldtown. 

Corporal Henry McLaughlm, Oldtown. 

Corporal John P. Wentworth, Lagrange. 

Corporal William Berry, Orrington, 

Corporal James H. Adams, Lincoln. 

Corporal .\ndrew J. Fozier. Plymouth. 

Corporal Daniel R. Kenney, Stetson. 

Corporal Joseph A. Burlingham, Stillwater. 

Corporal Cyrus F. Barrett, Hermon. 

Corporal Thomas H, Worcester, Hermon. 

Corporal Charles J. Ellis, Hermon. 

Corporal Jeremiah B. .Atkins, Exeter. 

Musician Michael Quimbey, Bangor. 

Musician Robert Quimby, Bangor. 

Musician .Alden D. Page, Brewer. 
Musician Howard Savage, Lagrange. 
Musician .Ariel H. Ward, Levant. 
Musician John T. Burnham, Oldtown. 
Musician Eben R. Dinsmore, Oldtown. 
Musician Frank N. Morrs, Veazie. 
Wagoner Charles D. Lander, Bangor. 
Wagoner Amos B. Steanes, Bradford. 
Wagoner Crosby N. Crocker, Kenduskeag. 



1'R1V.\TE3. 

(ieorge B. Crawford, John H. McMuUen, William Patterson, Sam- 
uel Whitcomb, Henry S. Wiley, .Alton ; William Jellerson, 
-Alexander McKee, -Argyle ; William G. Abbot, John -Adley, Eze- 
kiel Andrews, Ananias Ash, Robert L. Atkins, James A. Banks, 
Patrick Barry, Daniel W. Bagley, David Bartlett, Thomas B. Barker. 
Edward Baker, .Ansel F. Barden, John Berkit, Thomas Belcher, Na- 
than Benson, Thomas R. Blaine, John Billings, Isaac Berry, Hiram 
A. Billington, Warren W. Bradford, Ezekiel C. Bickford, David 
Brock, Greenlief C. Brock, John D. Boynton, Edwin R. Blodgett, Ben- 
jamin C. Burton, Peter Bohn, Benjamin Chase, Alex-ander H. Chase, 
Lewis Capin, Edward R. Chamberlain, .Archibald .A. Campbell, W. 
H. Chamberlain, Patrick Casey, John Caroll 2d., Peter Cannon, 
Benjamin F. Call, George W. Carlisle, Peter Carney, George Cole. 
Alison G. Cleaves, Horton B. Crowell, Charles Crowell, Edward Con- 
way, John Conway, Hugh Conway, Lafayette M. Crosby, John R. 
Clements, Michael Crowley, Dennis Connell, Jeremiah Corcoran, Sim- 
eon Crawford, Michael Connell, Daniel J. Colson, Thomas B. Chal- 
mer, Cornelius Cronan, John L. Dearling. James W. Davis, John 
Doherty, Samuel Dearborn, John B. Drummond, Herman J. Day, 
Abraham G. Dow, William Duckworth, James Driscoll, Timothy 
Donovan, Charles F. Dougherty, John Davis, Charles W. Doble, 
Henry O. Dunbar, Lysander A. Dunbar, Garret B. Dinsmore, Daniel 
W. Edgerly, George A. Emerson, Charles H. Ellison, Levi Estes, 
William O. Farris, Abram Fenton, Patrick J. Furrell, James Flinn, 
John Fitzpatrick, William Field, Luther Furgeson, James A. Foote, 
Hairison F. Gould, Ormond F. Graves, Reuben K. Glover, Harrison 
H. Coding, Leander L. Graffam, Joseph W. Greene, George T. 
Graves, Don Gilmore, Henry Granville, John Geoghen, Hugh Gillog- 
ly, Patric Golden, jr., Seth H. H.1II, Zebedee T. Hawes, Phillips Har- 
bach, William Hatch, David D. Hanson, Cyrus Hanson, Patrick 
Hawesburg, John Harmon, Charles H. Hodgkins, Willis P. Harvey, 
George E. Holt, Otis F. Hooper, Lyman Hersey, Henry A. Holden, 
Peter Haggerty, Michael Hogan, John Higgins, Charles G. Heenan, 
Virgil N. Higgins, Sam D. Hunt, John Harniond, William Inhoff, 
Sabin Jordan, .Alvin F. Jameson, John V. Jordan, Frank .A. Johnson, 
Elden A. Keen, .Albion K. P. Knowles, Edward J. Kelleher, Michael 
Kelley, Mich-ael Kelley 2d., Thomas Kelley, James Kinney, James 
Kelly, Thomas W. Kelley, John Kelley, .Ale.xander E. Lester, Charles 
L, Lovejoy, Levi J. Lovejoy, Sam W. Leathers, William H. Love- 
joy, William E. Laflin, Stephen A. Leighton, John Lynes, Elsbury 
Macoy, Thomas McDonough, James McMahon, Michael J. McPhee. 
Samuel Mansill, George A. Miller, George A. McClure, William H. 
McKmny.Tienry W. Martin, Geoige S. Maxwell, John Y. McKenny, 
Lewis Marsh, jr., Henry H. Morse, James Mc.Anulty, Cornelius Ma- 
honey, David T. Moody, Charles Moore, William McLellan. Edward 
McKenny, Isaac McKenney, M.artin McLaughlin, Elrose McLaugh- 
lin, Albert Marsh, Frank B. Miller, Edward McTaggart, George C. 
Martin, -Samuel Marrow, John Morse, John McCann, Henry H.' May- 
ville, Robert McKenney, Timothy Mahoney, Michael McLaughlin, 
John H. Neal, William .A. Neal, James Newman, William H. Nor- 
wood, JohnOMara, Henry O'.N'iel, Hiram B. Odlin, Waldo P. Od- 
lin, John O'Brien, Edward F. Orff, jr., Francis Philbrook, Horatio 
Pitcher, David O. Pollard, George W. Pratt, Henry L. Perkins, 
Charles H. Pond, John H. Peters. Charles E. Perry, Patiick Peters, 
Richard Powers, Thomas Plumatoe, Charles R. Quint, Cyrus Rogers, 
Nathaniel R. Robbins, Enoch L. Robinson, Josiah Ray, Gershom C. 
Robbins, Charles Rollins, George H. Rich, Moses G. Rice, James 
Robinson, David H. Royal, John Riley, Philip Riley, Isaac Roberts, 
Charles F. Roberts, Henry Reaviel, Melville H. Robbins, Richard 
Soule, Horace F. Shorey, George Schwitzer, Hunnewell Shepherd. 
James R. Skillins, John F, Spaulding, Charles H. Sinclair, William 
L. .Stevens, Michael Shea, John A. Savage, Hiram Swan, Reuben 
Snow, Jeremiah Sullivan, Samuel .A. Stevens, W. H. Stevens, William 
.A. Severance, William H. Sanger, Miles J. Sweeney, Charles Stuart, 
Samuel C. Stewart, William Sheehan, Larkey Sharkey, James Stone, 
Joseph Speed, Napoleon B. Shepleo, Edward K. Spaulding, Francis 
Trickey, Charles L. Torrey, Charles Thoms, Edgar B. Taylor, Thomas 
Twomey, DennisTracey, Stephen Timmons, ThomasTimmons, William 
H. Thompson, Samuel W. Veazie, Charles B. Veazie, Sewell L. Veazie, 
Stillman W, V'erplast, Rodney M. Warren, William D. Waterhouse, 
R. H. Webster, Henry W. Wheeler, Pat Welch. Albion Whitcomb, 
George Whitney, Nathan B. Wiggin, jr. , Ezekiel F. Wentworth, H. 
N. Washburn, Bethuel Washburn, Galen Worcester, Ransom Whar- 
ton, Charles H. Whitney, Charles .A, Whitney. Asa Wilson, Willi-am 
H. Wentworth, James F. Wentworth, Oscar Wyer, Robert Wyer, 
James Wilson, John Wright, Benjamin F. York, Bangor; Augustus 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






C. Bailey, Daniel Bailey, John J. Cunningham, Dan C. Dyer. John 
W. Dyer, Ezra M. Malhew, .Stephen H. Mathew, KIrose McLaughlin, 
Albert Pierce, John I-'. Reeves, .Andiew Stroul, Alvin D. N. Slrout 
Bradford; George M. Clewly, Thomas Cunningham, George Locke, 
John Locke, John Leonard, Luther M. Pollard, Alfred Sawyer, Brad- 
ley; Thomas W. .Arthur, -Mexander F. Bacon, Henry L. Barker, Ab- 
ner O. Boden, Charles Brown, William B. Brown, Frank Burr, Edwin 
Bradley, Masellus Blake, Charles B. Carter, Noah H. Cook, George J. 
C:ushing, Franklin Cushing, Charles E. Currier, Charles A. Currier, 
Charles J. Doble, -Andrew Dcering, Ambrose W. Kicketl, Charles 
l-'ilzgerald, George W. Foster, Charles E. Foster, Joseph W. Folger, 
Ama.sa W. Fickel, Lincoln Given, John T. Given, William S. (iood- 
win, Albert A. Gregg, John L. Grindlc, Leonidas Hall, Henry A. 
Harlow, W.ashiugton Harlow, Jeremi.ih Hobbs, Atherton Howes, 
John W. Kellan, Henry J. Leach, Orin Mayo, Charles W. Merrill, 
Charles F. Nickerson, Melville Xickerson, Elijah Xickerson, Asa Nick- 
olson, Joel C. I'ierce, Judson A. Kankins, William C. Sargent, La- 
forest H. Sawtelle, .Samuel Sinclair, John H. Simpson, Frank S. 
Smith, James H. Smith, Samuel H. Winchester, William W. Wad- 
leigh, Charles Washburn, Silas Washburn, LeandcrVickery, Brewer; Le- 
roy W. Atkins, John Hurd, Cyrus T. Jones, Delon Newcomb, Henry S. 
I'rescott, John Beiijamine, Jeremiah Blaisdell, John Fitzpatrick, Henry 
Hurd, William Stowcr, Daniel D. 'larr, Carmel; Atwood P. Jones, 
Carroll; Henry A. Carpenter, Charleston; Robert F. Atheron, Frederic 
A. Blood, William F. Chase, John Garnet, Warren H. Orcutt, Horace 
Wyman, Chester; Eben D. Crosby, Stephen R.' Crosby, John Colby, 
William Debeck, Charles Giles, Clifton; Ezra B. Ricker, Corinna; I'M- 
win C. Copeland, Jidward W. Copeland, Dexter; George Bean, Nor- 
ris D. Condon, Moses Cook, Winslow Cushnian, Elbridge Doble, .An- 
drew J. Getchell, William Hussey, Hollis.Sidelinker, Di.xmont; John 
W. B. Austin, Joseph C. Davis, James H. Krskine, Levi E. Lancaster, 
Llewellyn S. Maddock, George B, Martin, Phinson R. McKeen, 
Drummond Richardson, Snell W. Smith, Eddington; Valentine Spen- 
cer, Edinburg; Washington Cole, Isaac W. Deane, Isaac H. Fair- 
brother, Charles Friend, Charles Glidden, Gustine Jordan, William A. 
Souel, John A. Turner, Horace Whitcomb, Otis W. Whitcomb, Etna; 
George Edgerly, Joseph W. Kelley, Charles A. Tarbo.'i, Henry Whee- 
ler. Lander Shaw, E.\eter; Adelbert H. Sawtelle, Edward Osgood, 
Garland; James Card, Samuel O. Curtis, Washington I. Martin, Glen- 
burn; (ieorge Jejihard, Henry L. Wheeler, Andrew F. White, Nathan 
S. White, William W. Witham, CJreenfield; Edward C. Bctts, Sewell 
M. Cowan, Stephen B. Fowler, William B. Fowler, Albert G. Furbish, 
George W. Grant, Sylvanus Humphrey, iMartin Joss, Henry F. Ken- 
nard, David H. Royal, Arthur C. Whitcomb, Trustin Whitcomb, Fer- 
dinand N. Wing, William B. Welch, Hampden; Harrison L. Barrett, 
Hannibal H. Crocker, John F. Clifford, Stephen W. Dawson, Michael 
CJallagher, Alvin W. Grant, Charles T. Greene, Haskell P. Kimball, 
Lyman Moses, iimery Morrill, John F. Reed, George A. Tash, Ben- 
jamin "Webber, Thomas Wyman, Amos R. Witham, Hermon;' John 
Greenya, Albert C. Hart, Benjamin N. West, Holden, Walter P. 
Hammett, Samuel T. Haynes, Howland; Adoniram J. Bank, Charles 
Haley, James McKenny, D.ivid F. Page, John Warner, John C. 
Warner, Summer L. Warner, Kenduskcag; James Brown, Leonard D. 
Carver, Alvin H. House, John S. Knowles, Alonzo Wentworth, La- 
grange; William Crandlemire, George E. Field, Samuel Mollett, Oscar 
Thomas, Lee; John W. Curtis, George G, Mills, William J.' Mills, 
Henry McPherson, Edward F. Sealand, Levant; James M. Cl.ay, De- 
catur Gates, Charles F. Hall, John Sample, Lincoln; John C. Harvey, 
Maxheld; Peter Murtaugh, Medway; Hiram Brown. Freeman H. But- 
terfield, Albert H. Hammon, Joseph Hutchings, William J. Richard- 
son, Henry Smith, Ira W. Spencer, Daniel Whelan, Milford; Alfred 
Kneeland, Henry W. Sweetsir, Gordon Tibbelts, .Newburgh'; Henry 
H. BlaekwcU, Hollis G. Libbey, Judson A. Ross, Hollis B.' Marsh 
Newport; Charles C. Brown, Paul Burton, Benedict Buines, Elijah 
Carr, Benjamin J. Coombs, Parker Carson, Isaiah Clark, Adol'phus S 
Crawford, George E. Donham, John B. E. Donham, Nehcmiah Dow 
Henry W. Drinkwater, Edwin Dillingham, Oscar L. Dillingham' 
George A, Doe, William H. Eaton, Joseph Egagnon, George h"" Fir- 
rar. William Farrar, Stephen Frye, Isaac Gould, William H Gibbons 
Thomas Griffis, William H, Hanson, Nicholas Harris, Augustus 
Hines, George Hines, Frederic Holman, Hiram B. Ingalls, Jesse B 
Johnson, George W. Leach, Augustus McLaughlin? William E 
Morsy, William F. Mills, Daniel W. Morton, George R. Qrcutt Fred 
erick Parady, Henry W. Pollard, Wilmot J, Robinson, Ripley R 
Rogers, Clwrles H. Roberts, George A. Sawtelle, William B .Salmon 
Henry H. Scribncr, David L. Simpson, John L. Spaulding, Edward 
R. Spaulding, Leonard Trafton, Casper Wagouski, liben O Weed 



Charles W. Willie, Joseph Winslow, Oldtown; James H. Bacon, Wil- 
liam F. Bacon, Xehemiah P. Doe, -Albert L. Douglass, Zebulon Doe, 
Samuel W. Davis, Fields W. Emerson, Edwin H. Estes, Simeon C. 
Fancy, William Foss, Edward Frederic, Edwin Frederic, David Le- 
grieon, James F. Lunt, James H. Mann, Philip Marr, Edwin P. Mayo, 
Samuel Mersey, James Newman, Zebulon Robbinson, Isaac Sanborn, 
jr., Joseph W. Sanborn, Andrew J. Thombs, William H. Ward, Oliver 
M. Wilson, Orono; Ellhanan W. Barnes, Francis A. Bierce, Alvah H. 
Godfrey, George K. Ingalls, Charles E. Jones, Jabez W. King, Edward 
D. Kent, .Augustus X. Lufkin, Joshua S. Marshall, Vincent W. Pin- 
horn, Joseph S. Robinson, Henry J. Reynolds, James H. Rogers, 
Joseph S. Rogers, Lewis H. Snow, Watson H. Smith, Ornngton; 
Samuel .X.ash, Passadumkeag; Stillman Bu.xton, Patten; Dudley H. 
Leavitt, Thomas D. Rice, Jefferson Pickard, James Pickard, Ply- 
mouth; William Feeling, Albert K. Lewis, George M. Lowell, Miles 
L. .Scribner, Springfield; I-"rank A. Dinsmore, Samuel G. Kenney, 
Reuben M. Seavey, Columbus Shaw, Omer Sli.iw. Henry C. Van Bus- 
kirk, Stet-son; Ephraim Brown, Carpenter Burlingham, J.ames H. Fall, 
Fred A. Michael, Stillwater; William Babcock, Warren Day, Andrew 
J. Dowe, John T. Durgin, Harvey Emery, jr., Lewis F. Morse, Harty 
Mitchell, John O'Brien, George H. Phillips, Daniel Starkie, John H. 
Wentworth, Veazie. 

THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

Organized at -Augusta, June 4, i86r, for the three 
years' service. In the two battles of IJull Run and many 
other engagements. -Mustered out at -Vugusta, June 28, 
1864. 

COM.MISSIONED OFFICER. 

Capt.iin Franks. Hesseltine, Bangor. 

NON-CO.MMISSIO.NED OFFICER. 

Corporal .Albert .A. Davis, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Charles O. Perry, Charles B. Rundlett, George W. Hines, Charles 

B. Cooley, James H. Thompson, George H. Wilson, Moses Brown. 
William Collins, John Dougherty, Rufus Haur, Bangor; Edward S. 
Steames, Lowell; Albert R. Millett, Charleston; Walter H. Randolph, 
Marshall A. Grant, Dixmont; Laban P. Frost, Glenburn; Benjamin 
Eddy, Corinth; Martin L. Hodgdon, Bangor; Asbury F. H.aynes, 
Passadumkeag, Henry Hind, Plymouth; Thomas D. Jordan, Oldtown; 
John F. Johnson, Charles E. Lord, Thomas Lowe, Bangor; Charles 
H. Lewis, Bradford; John T. Clark, Corrina; Llewellyn Cleveland, 
Ornngton; John Corrig.an, Bradley; .Arthur Duffy, John Robinson, 
William Ritchie, -Albert G. Frubush, Edward L. Hunt, Bangor; Rich- 
anl E. Myrieh, Francis Hopdela, Mt. Chase; Horace J. Morton, Mil- 
ford; Jeremiah B. Atkins, Levant; John A. Curtis, Dexter; Howard 

C. Hall, Charleston; Frank W. Harding, Bangor; Benjamin F. Welsh, 
Passadumkeag; Albert Whitcomb, Alton; Franklin W. Emery, Glen- 
burn; Charles Morrison, Elisha Mcintosh, Maxfield; Hollis B. Spauld- 
ing, Oldtown; Cornelius Chapman, Bradford; Augustus D. Hoyt. 
Passadumkeag; Edward -A. Leavitt, Oldtown; Otis R. Pachard. Rufus 
G. Curtis, Richard C. Davis, William L. Hodsdon, Daniel B. Plum- 
mer, Patrick Russell, Warren Sturtivant, Bangor. 

FOURTH REGIME.NT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Rockland, June 15, 

1861, to serve three years, and on the 17th left for 
Washington, where they arrived on the 20th and en- 
canijied on Meridian Hill. On the i6th of July they 
proceeded to Centreville, and on the 21st engaged in the 
battle of Bull Run, being among the last to leave the 
field, and retreating in good order under command of 
their officers. Their casualties in that engagement were 
as follows: Officers wounded i, taken prisoners 4; en- 
listed men killed 17, wounded 4, missing 38, nearly all 
of whom were wounded. The regiment, forming a por- 
tion of Sedgwick's Brigade of Heintzleman's Division, 
remained near Washington until the 17th of March, 

1862, when they started with the army towards York- 
town, participating in the siege of that place. On the 
evacuation of Yorktown by tlie rebels, the regiment 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



marched towards Williamsburg, but did not arrive in 
time to take part in the engagement at that place. From 
Williamsburg the regiment marched and camped within 
twelve miles of Richmond. They were present at the 
battle of Seven Pines on the 31st of May, but at no 
time directly engaged, though part of the time e.xposcd 
to the fire of the enemy. On the next day, however, 
the enemy having attacked the picket line, the regiment 
was engaged and retained the position they occupied the 
night before, their casualties being 2 killed, 7 wounded, 
and I missing. On the 25th of June, the regiment was 
engaged with the enemy in front of Seven Pines, and 
held a most difficult position in face of the Rebel force 
through the night. On the ist of July they were pres- 
ent at the battle of .Malvern Hill, and the next day re- 
treated to Harrison's Landing, remaining there until the 
15th of August, when in conjunction with Heintzleman's 
entire corps, went to the support of General Pope's 
army, and on the 29th of August took a prominent part 
in the battle of Bull Run, losing during the day 7 killed, 
33 wounded, and 7 missing. The following day the 
regiment was kept in reserve \vhile the battle went on, 
and retreated at night towards Centreville, thence 
towards Fairfax Court-House, participating in the engage- 
ment at Chantilly on the ist of September, in which 
their casualties were 8 killed, 54 wounded, and 2 miss- 
ing, out of 240 men who were engaged. The next day 
they continued their retreat and arrived near Washing- 
ton on the 3CI. There they remained until the 15th, 
when they crossed into Maryland and guarded the fords 
of the Upper Potomac. On the 1 2th of October they 
assisted in the attempt to intercept Stuart's cavalry at 
Conrad's Ferry. They arrived at Falmouth on the 2 2d 
of November, and participated in the battle of Freder- 
icksburg on the 13th of December. They re-crossed 
the river on the 15th, returned to their old camp near 
Falmouth, and there remained eng.aged in drill and or- 
dinary camp and picket duty until the 28th of April, 

1863, when they crossed the Rappahannock River at 
United States Ford, taking a prominent part in the battle 
of Chancellorsville on the 2d and 3d of May, their cas- 
ualties in that engagement being as follow: Killed, i; 
wounded, 21; iriissing, 10. From this time the regi- 
ment remained encamped until the nth of June, then 
joined in the campaign resulting in the battle of Gettys- 
burg, where on the 2d of July they participated in the 
engagement at that place, losing during the day 14 
killed, 53 wounded, and 72 missing. They also engaged 
the enemy at Wappmg Heights and encamped at White 
Sulphur Springs on the ist of August. On the 7th of 
November they assisted in the attack on the enemy at 
Kelley's Ford, and the next day charged upon and soon 
drove a large force of the enemy from a position near 
Brandy Station, where the regiment encamped on the 
loth, remaining there until the 26th, when they marched to 
the Rapidan, engaged the enemy, losing 6 men wounded 
and 5 taken prisoners, and returned to Brandy Station, 
where they remained encamped until the 14th of March, 

1864. At that date, on account of the reorganization 
of the army under General Grant, the regiment was as- 



signed to the Second Army Corps. On the 4th of May 
the regiment crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and on 
the nevt day were heavily engaged at Torbett's Tavern, 
where they supported a brigade of the Sixth corps. That 
night they rejoined their division, and at daybreak on 
the 6th they advanced on the enemy's position. They 
were engaged all that day and during the next. This 
was the battle of the Wilderness, during which their cas- 
ualties were : Officers killed 2, wounded 11; enlisted 
men killed 32, wounded 136, and missing 3. On the 
23d the regiment, having been engaged in reconnoi- 
tring, Duilding fortifications, etc., since the 8th, moved 
towards the North Anna river, where they took part in a 
charge upon the enemy, driving them across the bridge. 
On the 14th of June the regiment crossed the James 
River, moved two miles to the front and took position 
in line of battle. The following day the regiment was 
relieved from duty in the army and ordered to proceed 
to Rockland, Maine, where they arrived on the morning 
of the 25th. The men were furloughed until the 19th 
of July, on which day 241 officers and enlisted men 
were mustered out and discharged from the United 
States service by Captain Thomas C. J. Baily, Seven- 
teenth United States infantry, the re-enlisted men and 
recruits whose term of service had not expired, having 
been transferred to the Nmeteenth Maine regiment 
volunteers before the departure of the regiment from the 
field. 

FIELD .VND ST.\FF. 

Major William M. Pitcher, Bangor. 

COM.\IrSSIONEI) OFFICERS. 

Captain William L. Pitcher, Co. H. Bangor. 
Captain .Mbert L. Spencer, Co. H, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant, .Albert L. Spencer, Co, H, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant George F. Bourne, Co. H, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant George F. Bourne, Co. H, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Walter S. Goodale, Co. H, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant John \l. Doe, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles S. Doe, Bangor. 
Sergeant Walter S. Goodale, Bangor. 
Sergeant John A, Phillips. Bangor. 
Sergeant Hiram G. York, Dixmont. 
Sergeant Francis O. J. S. Hill, Newburg. 
Sergeant .Almond E. Osgood, Xewburgh. 
Corporal Charles W. Hopkins, B.ingor. 
Corporal Rufus G. Bickford, Bangor. 
Corporal Michael Dorsey, Bangor. 
Corporal Robert Grant, Bangor. 
Corporal ,-\lbert A. Haynes, Bangor. 
Corporal John B. Longy, Bangor. 
Corporal Jerry Darning, Bangor. 
Corporal Edward E. Kent, Brewer. 
Corporal Winthrop Chick, Dixmont. 
Corporal John F. Stone. Dixmont. 
Corpor.d Hiram G. York, Dixmont. 
Corporal Solomon L. Stewart, Exeter. 
Corpor.d .-\bner C. Goodell. Hampden. 
Corporal Daniel W. Barker, Levant. 
Corporal Francis O. J. S. Hill, Newburg. 
Corporal Charles B. Parsons, Xewburg. 
Corporal Isaiah B. Merrick, Newport. 
Corporal Moses H. Wilham, Plymouth. 
Musician John Knowles, jr., Hampden. 
Wagoner N. B. Fuller, Newburg. 

l'RIV.\TES. 

Ira P. -Mien, Richard .\llum, George H. Baker, Joseph Boardway, 
Arthur L. Boynton, Benjamin F. Call, George Coe, John Cameron, 



HISTORY OF I'ENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Eben C.'ushing. Jerry Demming, John Donahoe, Lyman 1^. Fowles, 
I£rastus Furbish, James C. Garnet, nenjamin Gray, Thomas Hardan, 
Moses H. Hubbard, Alfred Howard, John H. Ham, David Hughey, 
William Kendricli, George Lessor, Hall J. I ibby, Joshua Lovejoy, 
Alfred P. Merriek, Thomas Mortal, James Mulherin, John Murray, 
Emery A. McCallister, H. G. O. McDonald, James M. MuUin, Mel- 
ville Xicholjr James Quimby, I'rederic H. Rogers, Charles Rose. James 
Redikcr, Simon L. Norton, ICdward B. Nickerson, Solomon Parent, 
Samuel L. Smith, Adolphus Whitney, Bangor; William Babcock, 
Bradley; John lilden, IClisha Simpson, John Simpson, Bradford; Edgar 
A Stanley, Benjamin Burr, Robert 1-". Greene, Thomas 1'. (Jreene, 
Howard A. Thayer, Horace B. Washburn, Horatio U. Washburn, 
Brewer; Abijah N. Clay, Enfield; I'rancis M. Dearborn, Robert G. 
Elanders, George Wellington, Garland; Edward C. Megguier, John H. 
Thomas. Glenburn; Jeremiah Avery, Greenfield; Albert F. Folsome, 
William D. Lowell, Joshua B. Whitney, jr.. Greenbush; Edward H. 
Beiin, David Higgins, .Augustus Hodgman, Hampden; Edward York, 
Josiah IL Pomroy, Hermon; Albert C. Scribner, Hudson; Amos Page, 
Kenduskeag; William P. Chase, Andrew J. Gardiner, Sylvanus Hatch, 
Sylvanus B. Hatch, William E. Heath, Lincoln; Samuel Lamb, 
Lowell; Rufus G. Bickford, K. J. Hill, Elisha S. Piper, Enoch F. 
Piper, Newburg; George S. Daniels, William H. Stickney, Hazen E. 
McCauseland, Newport; John Boyle, Edward N. I-eavitt, Edwin ..M. 
Stinson, James Smith, Oldtown; Charles A. Mudgett, Josiah C. Read, 
David Estis, Samuel S. Cain, Orono; Benjamin F. Shaw, John G. 
Kendall. Orrington; Orner Moga, Passadumkea^; David Blanchard. 
(ieorge H. Downes, Juan Millano, Albert Murray, .Allen D. Wood, 
Plymouth; George Drake, Springfield; ThomasJ. Cunningham, Adon- 
iram J. Moore, Veazie; Amos C. Trott, Solomon S. Trott, Winn; 
Moses A. Debeck, John R. York, Clifton; Jacob A. Launder, Corinna; 
.Nathan Chamberlain, J udson W. Dexter, George J'. Hind, Corinth; 
Thomas Mithie, Dexter; J. H. Bickford, John 'H. Jewell, George Jew- 
ell, .Albert J . Condam, George J. Craig. .Albert D. Crocker, Prentiss 
M. IJetchell, Samuel B. Stone, Ephraim D. Tasker, William H. Work 
l':ben D. Work. 

flKTH RKCUMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at I'ortland, June 24, 
1 86 1, to .serve three years. Its first action was at Bull 
Run, and its subsecjuent service, wholly with the Army 
of the Potomac, was e.xtremely arduous. Only 193 offi- 
cers anil men to be mustered out July 27, 1864. 

CO.MMISSIONED OFFICi;K. 

F'irst Lieutenant .Andrew S. Lyon, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.S. 

Sergeant Junius W. Littlefield, De.tter. 
Corporal Junius W. Littlefield, De.\ter. 
Corpor.al W. H. Huntoon, Orrington. 
Corporal William H. Sav.ige, Plymouth. 

PUIV.\TKS. 

Edward IL I-'eeney, Samuel W. Davis, David Vail. Albion; William 
Grant, Wyatt (irant. P. Wilmot. Bangor; Hezekiah Richardson, 
Brewer; George Cook, Oldtovvn; Lorenzo W. Starbird. Eddington; 
George I". Trae, Exeter; John Harper. Boswell C. Florton, Dexter; 
John r. .Abbott, Newburg; John McLaughlin, Springfield. 

SL\rH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Portland, Maine, 
July 15, 1 86 1, to serve three years, and reached Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, on the 19th. They were 
stationed at (^hain Bridge on the Potomac until the 3d 
of Sejitember, when they crossed into Virginia and 
through the fall and winter occupied Fort Criffin. On 
the 4th of .'Vpril, 1862, the regiment joined in the move- 
ment against Yorktown, where on the 5th, 6tli, and 7th, 
they were engaged in reconnoitring and had several skir- 
mishes with the enemy. At the battle of ]_,ee's Mills on 
the i6lh, they supjwrted the artillery and were exposed 
to a heavy fire from the enemy's batteries. On the 5th 
of May they took a jjrominent j^art in the battle of Wil- 
liamsburg. l''rom the 9th of May to the 24th, the regi- 



ment was on the march up the Peninsula in the direc- 
tion of Richmond, encamping on that day near the 
Chickahominy, which they crossed on the 5th of June, 
and ])articii)ated on the 27th in the engagement at (Gar- 
net's Farm, in which their casualties were i man killed 
and 23 wounded. The next day they commenced the 
retrograde movement to the James River, taking a posi- 
tion on the heights beyond White Oak Bridge on the 
30th, and engaged the enemy on the following day, losing 
2 men wounded. They arrived at Harrison's Land- 
ing on the 2d of July, and there encamped until the i6th 
of .'\ugust, when they were transported to Alexandria 
and arrived at Centreville just as the army had com- 
menced falling back from the battle-field of Groveton or 
Second Bull Run, where (General Pope's forces had been 
defeated. On the ist of September they commenced 
the retreat towards Washington, and on the i ith had a 
skirmish with the enemy at the foot of Sugar Loaf Moun- 
tain. At the battle of Antietam on the 17th, the regi- 
ment took a prominent part, and also particijaated in the 
battle of Fredericksburg on the 12th of December. 
Three days after they re-crossed the Rappahannock and 
encamjjed near Belle Plains, where they remained until 
February 2, 1863, when the regiment was assigned to 
the "Light Division" and moved to Potomac Creek, 
where it encamped and remained until April 28th. On 
the 1st of May they crossed the Rappahannock River 
and bore an honorable jjart in the battle of Chancellors- 
ville on May 2d and 3d, their loss being 128 officers and 
men in killed and wounded. On the nth of May, the 
"Light Division" being broken up, the regiment was 
assigned to the Third brigade, First division, Sixth corjjs. 
On the 9th of June, they had a skirmish with the enemy 
at Kelley's F'ord, after which they participated in the 
long and fatiguing marches of the Pennsylvania cam- 
paign, and were present at the battle of Gettysburg on 
July 2d and 3d, though not actively engaged with the 
enemy. On the 19th of October they participated in 
the charge and capture of the enemy's works at Rapjja- 
hannock Station, losing in that engagement 16 officers 
and 123 enlisted men killed and wounded. On the 27th 
the regiment went to the sujiport of the Third corps 
then engaged at Locust Grove, after which they returned 
to their former camp near Wilbur Ford, and there re- 
mained until May 4, 1864. Two days afterward they 
were engaged in the battle of the Wilderness, and on 
the 8th, in that of Spottsylvania, where they lost a few 
men. They also participated in the attack on the 
enemy's works on the right, losing 125 men in killed, 
wounded and missing. On the 12th, the regiment, num- 
bering only 70 men, was under fire eight hours, sujiport- 
ing General Hancock's forces, and losing 16 officers and 
men killed and wounded. On the 14th of June the 
regiment started up the James River, arriving in front of 
Petersburg on the 20th. There they remained until the 
loth of July, when, their term of service having ex- 
pired, they were ordered to Maine for muster-out and 
discharge. Arriving at \\ashington. District |of Colum- 
bia, on the 1 2th, they volunteered their services for thirty 
days in defence of the city, then threatened by the 





^ 




HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



113 



enemy, and marched to Fort Stevens. However, on the 
13th they were relieved, and on the 17th left for Port- 
land, where they arrivfd on the 22d, and were mustered 
out and discharged from the United States service on 
the isth of August by Lieutenant I. H. Walker, Four- 
teenth United States Infantry. Previous to the depar- 
ture of the regiment from the field, about 238 re-enlisted 
men and recruits, whose term of service had not expired, 
were temporarily organized into a battalion, afterwards 
assigned to the First Regiment Infantry, Maine Veteran 
Volunteers. 

FIELD AND ST.AFF. 

Colonel .Miner Knowlcs, Bangor. 
Adjutant William H. Coan, De.xler, 
Quartermaster Isaac Strickland, Bangor. 
Surgeon Eugene F. .Sanger. Bangor. 
.■\ssistant Surgeon Samuel B. Straw, Bangor. 
Sergeant-Major Percy Knowles. Bangor. 
Hospital Steward Charles .A. McKister, Bangor. 
Drum Major Joseph Gatchell, Bangor. 
Band Leader Henry S. Morey, Bangor. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain George Fuller, Co. H, Corinth. 
Captain Joseph G. Roberts, Co. H, Corinth. 
Captain .\lbert G. Burton, Co. i, Oldtown. 
First Lieutenant Sewall C. Gray, Co. .-\, Exeter. 
First Lieutenant Henry R. Soper, Co. I, Oldtown. 
First Lieutenant Lycurgus Smith, Co. I, Oldtown. 
First Lieutenant James M. Norris, Co. I, Milford. 
First Lieutenant Percival Knowles, Co. K, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant George Fuller, Co. H, Corinth. 
Second Lieutenant George Roberts, Co. H, Corinth. 
.Second Lieutenant William H. Coan, Co. H, De.xter. 
Second Lieutenant Daniel W. Freeze, Co. I, Orono. 
Second Lieutenant George H. Norton, Co. I, Oldtown. 
Second Lieutenant James M. Norris, Co. I, Milford. 
Second Lieutenant Percival Knowles, Co. K, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Sergeant James M. Norris, Milford. 
First Sergeant .Andrew J. Whittier, Corinth. 
First Sergeant William H. Coan, De.vter. 
Sergeant John J. Fogg, Bangor. 
.Serge.ant .-\le.\ander .Stevens, Bangor. 
Sergeant Israel Hodsdon, Corinth. 
Seigeanl I'^lisha Eddy, Corinth. 
Sergeant t.'harles F. Fitzgerald, De.xter. 
Sergeant Robert O. Otis, Dexter. 
Sergeant .\lbert F. Severance, Dexter. 
Sergeant Walter D. Jenness, Hermon. 
Sergeant .\lbert L. Jones, Holden. 
Sergeant Thomas Templeton, Milford. 
Sergeant Isaac Pratt, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Lycurgus Smith, Oldtown. 
Corporal John J. Fogg, Bangor. 
Corporal .-Mvin B. Judson, Bangor. 
Corporal Samuel M. Jack, Bangor. 
Corporal John W. Pettingill, Corinna. 
Corporal Elisha Eddy, Corinth. 
Corporal Nathaniel G. Hatch, Corinth. 
Corporal Daniel B. Herrick, Corinth. 
Corporal Israel Hodsdon, Corinth. 
Corporal Charles A. Whittier, Corinth. 
Corjjoral Hiram H. Burment, Dexter. 
Corporal Otis O. Roberts, Dexter. 
Corporal James D. Marsh, Dexter. 
Corporal .Mbert F. Severance, Dexter, 
Corporal Hiram F. Safford, Dexter. 
Corporal Thomas D. Sturdevant, Dexter. 
Corporal William Doe, Milford. 
Coiporal Thomas Templeton, Milford. 
Corporal George H. Morton, Oldtown. 
Corporal Isaac Pratt, Okltown. 



Corporal Samuel J. Clark, jr., Veazie. 
Corporal .Albert L. Jones, Holden. 
C-'orporal George E. Beale, Hudson. 
Corporal Lindall H. Whittier, Kenduskeag. 
Corporal Elias M. Kitch, Lincoln. 
Corporal Sylvester F. Lyon, Lincoln. 
Corporal .Amos P. McKenney, Lincoln. 
Corporal Luther G. Rogers, Lincoln. 
Corporal David C. Whitney, Lincoln. 
Musician Joseph F. Gretchell, Bangor. 
Musician Nathaniel R. Witham, Bangor. 
Musician Charles F. Tibbetts, Charleston. 
Wagoner James Boswell, Bangor. 
Wagoner Ivory Webbert, Bangor. 
Wagoner .Albion K. Matthew, Lincoln. 
Wagoner Joseph Doe, Milford. 

PRIV.\TES. 

Hiram B. Bulger, Joseph Bulger, Moses Babcock, George \V. Black- 
more, Michael Brennan, .Alonzo Cilley, Clement M. Clark, Lemuel H. 
Darling, .Azro W. David, Charles V. Dudley, Francis J. Dudley, 
Joseph W. Estabrook, Martin Feeney, John Glover, Edward .A. Good- 
aid, George E. Harriman, George F. Holden, .A. Jellison, Percival 
Knowles, James .A. Lane, Thomas McCormick, Patrick McCnstle, 
William H. Moore, .Alonzo W. Moore, David E. Mills, .Alden F. Ran- 
dall, t'harles O. Randall, George W. Randall, Edward A. Richards, 
Dennis S. Roundy. James H. Roundy, William A. Sewall, Edward 
Short, Benjamin F. Scribner, Isaiah B. Scribner, David Severance, 
Frank Severance, Upton ¥. Smith, Wellington Sprague, James W, 
Sutherland, Charles B. Vickery, Turner Wade, William J. White. John 
J. Williams, George W. Yates, John Yates, Bangor; Albion K. P. 
Roberts, Bradford; Lewis .A. Willett, Bradley; William .A. Keene, 
Chester; .Andrew J. Tibbetts, Carmel; Edward Smith, .Alonzo D. Mil- 
ler, Ambrose Page, Charleston; Melvin S. Jellison, Clifton; Aaron 
Frost, Frank W. Titcomb, James C. Lander, Russell F. Parkman, 
Samuel Weeks, William Weeks, Corinna; Sumrter S. Bean, Lucius H. 
Bond, Charles W. Bradley, Orrin G. Davis (Band), Chester Dexter, 
Henry C. He.ild, William H. Herrick, Jerome Hyde, C. S. Patterson, 
George Robinson, Charles F. Tihbets, George D. Strout, Corinth; 
Israel P. Bates, John H. Bean, Daniel H. Campbell, William Craw- 
ford, Charles Dyer, Edward J. Sturtevant, Charles G. Flanders, Oliver 
Fuller, George F. Gould, James P. Lovejov, Sylvanus P. Lowell, 
.Alonzo R. Merrill, Harrison S. Norton. Charles F. Fisher, Edmund 
R. Phillips, William F. Royal, Lorenzo Russell, John Russell, William 

A. .Sewall, Milton R. Sampson, Dexter; Leonard Peabody, Dixniont; 
James McKinney, Enfield; Edwin S. Libby, Ira B. Tibbetts, E.xeter; 
Alonzo Batchelder, George W. Hatch, F'ifield Lyford, .Alvin K. Os- 
good, Wesley Osgood, C"harles C. Titcomb, Garland; George Emer- 
son, .Alden Kennedy, Greenbush; John M. Rice, Lyman F. Rice, 
Hampden; Isaac R. Waterbury, Howland; Chester J. Lancaster, 
Charles B. Mitchell, Stillman W. Strout, Hudson; Charles E. Atwood, 
George W. Mills, Harry F. Mills, James McCorrison, F. .A. H. Stack- 
pole, Kenduskeag; Calvin M. tlarey, William Ivmery, Lagrange; 
Mathew Green, George W. House, Henry (.). Morton, Lee; Thomas 
L. Hall, Joseph O. Turner, William W. Webster, Lincoln; Charles 
V. Dudley, Lowell; Hannibal H. Coomby, Mattawamkeag; Thomas 
W. Chick, Thomas Carrington, Joseph W. Kiggs, Green C. .Spencer, 
Milford; Aaron Crawford, Martin V. F;idridge, George W. Knight, 
Samuel Staples, Newburgh; Cyrus P. Brown, Newport; George J. 
Barritt, Phincas F. Bean, Joseph C. Blackman, Desire Cornean, Ly- 
man E. Grossman, Daniel Davis, Eliphalet W. Da\is, Albert N. 
Eaton, John W. Eaton, Samuel Fish, Oliver Graffam, Hezekiah B 
Harris, Hezekiah F. Harris, Oscar E. W. Hinkley, Charles A. Hughes, 
Alexander M.Hunt, Wayland P. Jacob, Charles W. Johnson, David 

B. Kieth, Joseph L. Kieth, James C. Knox, Edmund Leard, Benja- 
min C. Lisherness, Washington R. Mack, Andrew J. Miles, David C. 
Myrick, Andrew Oakes, Benjamin F. Pratt, Isaac Powell, Zenas D. 
Putnam, William F. .Sibley, Thomas P. Smith, James B. Soper, Lean- 
der C. Stitson, Oldtown; John F. Freeman, Eseck Kelley, Timothy 
Wethcrby, Orono; Charles H. Cobb, Orrington; Mark C. Jenness, 
Passadumkeag; Benjamin F. Goodwin, AsaG. Wiggins, Stetson; New- 
man A. Davis, Samuel N. Emery, Wallace Sweet, Veazie; Harmon S. 
George, Edwin Grunza, Charles Nickerson, Holden. 

SEVENTH REGI.MENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, August 21, 
1 86 1, to serve three years, and left for Baltimore, Mary- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



land, on the 23d, where they encamped and remained 
until the 25th of October. On that day they moved to 
Washington, crossed the Potomac into Virginia on the 
8th of November, and were occupied in drill, camji and 
picket duty, until the 4th of April, 1862, when they joined 
in the advance toward Richmond. 'I'hey were under the 
fire of Fort Lee on Warwick Creek on the 5th, and after- 
wards participated in the siege of Vorktown, holding a 
position near Dam No. 3, until the evacuation of the 
place by the enemy. On the 5th of May they bore an 
honorable jjart in the battle of Williamsburg. On the 
evening of the 9th they moved to the Peninsula towards 
Richmond, participating in the engagement at Mechan- 
icsville on the 24th, and immmediatcly after the battle of 
Fair Oaks moved to the left bank of the Chickahominy, 
to Golding's farm, where they remained during the month 
of June, almost daily engaged with the enemy. On the 
27th the army commenced to change its base of operations, 
during which the regiment participated in the battles of 
Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, and Malvern Hill, 
after which they remained at Harrison's Landing, build- 
ing fortifications until the 13th of August, when they em- 
barked for Alexandria, and from thence proceeded to 
Bull Run, but did not participate in the battle which 
commenced on that day. The next d.iy they joined 
Oeneral Pope's forces at Centreville and retreated with 
them to Washington. On the 7th of September they 
joined in the iNLiryland campaign, participated in the 
engagement at South Mountain on the 14th, and bore 
an h(morable part in the battle of .\ntietam on the 17th, 
losing in killed, wounded and missing, 11 officers and 
TOO enlisted men, out of 15 officers and 166 enlisted men 
present. The strength of the regiment had, by this time, 
become so much reduced that it was too small for effect- 
ive field duty, and it was sent to Maine in October to 
recruit. The regiment enc.imped at I'ortland, where they 
remained until January 21, 1863, engaged in filling up 
their diminished ranks. On this day a battalion of five 
companies, which had been filled by consolidation, left 
Portland for the field, and on the 25th they rejoined their 
old command. Third Brigade, Second Division, Si.xth 
Corps, at \\'hite Oak Church, Virginia, where they re- 
mained encamped until April 28th, when they mo\ed to 
the heights o])posite Fredericksburg, and on May 2d 
formed a part of the stonning party which carried the en- 
emy's works on Cemetery and St. Mary's Heights. They 
were also engaged w^th the enemy on the 4th near Chan- 
cellorsville, where a desjierate battle had been fought the 
day before. Their casualties in those engagements were 
in killed, wounded and missing, 4 officers and 88 enlisted 
men. They participated in the Pennsylvania campaign, 
and were present at (lettysburg on the 2d and 3d of July, 
after which they joined in pursuit of the enemy; had an 
engagement with Stuart's Ccjvahy at Gainesville, Virginia, 
on the 19th of October, and participated in the action at 
RapiKihannock Station, November 7th. On the 27th 
they were in line of battle until 10 v. m., su|)porting a 
portion of the Third Corps in the action at Locust Grove, 
and advanced to Mine Run on the 28th, where, during 
the three succeeding days, they were in front and con- 



stantly engaged with the enemy's outposts. They re- 
turned and encamped at Brandy Station on the 3d of 
December, and there remained until May 4, 1864, when 
they crossed the Rapidan and engaged in the battle of 
the Wilderness on the sth and sixth ; also at Spottsyl- 
vania on the 10th, 12th and i8th, on which day they 
suffered severely, having 42 men killed. On the ist of 
Jime they reached Cold Harbor, where, on the 2d, they 
charged on and carried the enemy's fortifications, which 
they held until the 13th, and then marched towards 
Petersburg, where they arrived on the 17th, and partici- 
pated in the attacks on the Weldon railroad on the 24th 
and 30th. On the nth of July the regiment debarked 
at Washington, and on the i 2th was engaged in the de- 
fences of the city, and assisted in the defeat of the ene- 
my in its nearest a|)proach to the capital. On the 13th 
they marched up the Potomac and through Snicker's Gap 
to the Shenandoah, returning to Washington on the 23d. 
On the 26th, they again started u[) the Potomac, crossing 
at Harper's Ferry on the 29th, and matched to the 
vicinity of Charlestown, where they remained until 
August 2 1 St, 1864, when their original term of service 
having expired, the re-enlisted men and recruits were 
consolidated with the battalions of the Fifth and Sixth 
regiments, retaining the designation of the Seventh regi- 
ment until October, when it was changed to the First 
Veteran Volunteers. The officers and men whose terms 
of service exfjired August 21, 1864, returned to Maine, 
where they were mustered out and discharged from the 
United States service September 5th, at .Augusta, by Cap- 
tain C. Holmes, United States Ariuy. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICEKS. 
Captain William Crosby, Bangor, Co. A. 
Captain Cliarle5 D. Gilmore, B.angor, Co. C. 
Captain Geoige H. Bulcer, Bangor, Co. D. 
Captain George H. Bulcer. Bangor, Co. F. 
Chaplain Heniy Warren, Bangor, Co. G. 
Captain Edward H. Cass, Bangor, Co. H. 
Captain Henry C. Snow, Hampden, Co. H. 
I'irsl I^ieutenant folin A. Biclielder, Oldtown, Co. C. 
I''irst Lieutenant .Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown, Co. C. 
l''irsl Ijieutenant Benjamin 1'". Bicknell, Bangor, Co. C. 
First laeutenant George H. Buker, Bangor, Co. K. 
l-'irst Lieutenant Samuel .S. Mann, Bangor, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Henry W. Farrar, Bangor, Co. F. 
l'"irst Lieutenant ]oIin A. Baclielder, Oldtown, Co. G. 
First Lieutenant Thomas S. Cates. Bangor, Co. H. 
I'irst Lieutenant Henry Warren, Bangor, Co. II. 
First Lieutenant Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown, Co. K. 
F'irst Lieutenant William Crosby, Bangor, Co. K. 
Second Lieutenant William Crosby, Bangor, Co. B. 
Second Lieutenant Albert I'. Titcomb, Lincoln, Co. C. 
.Second Lieutenant Charles Lowell, Oldtown, Co. C. 
Second Lieutenant George H. Buker, Bangor, Co. D. 
Second Lieutenant Samuel .S. Mann, Bangor, Co. E. 
Second Lieutenant .Samuel .S. Mann, Bangor, Co. F. 
.Second I^ieutenant William Crostjy, Bangor, Co. G. 
.Second Lieutenant Henry C. Snow, Hampden, Co. H. 
Second Lieutenant Luther C. Fairfield, Bangor, Co. H. 
Second Lieutenant Warren T. Ring, Oldtown, Co. H. 
Second Lieutenant Henry W. F'arrar, Bangor, Co. K. 
Second Lieutenant George R. Coney, Oldtown, Co. K. 

NON-COMMlSSIONIiD OFFICKKS. 

First Sergeant Henry H. Warren, Bangor. 
First .Sergeant Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown. 
Sergeant William 1-1. I'itchcr. 
Sergeant William Crosby, Bangor. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



113 



Sergeant Luther C. Fairfield. Bangor. 
Sergeant Frank B. Holden, Bangor. 
Sergeant .Samuel S. Mann, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles E. Robinson, Bangor. 
Sergeant Martin V. B. Hutchins, Brewer. 
Sergeant Ira F. Stinchfield, Lincoln. 
Sergeant John F. Tobin, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Charles Lowell, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Eli McLaughlin, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Warren T. Ring. Oldtown. 
Corporal Creorge M. Baker, Bangor. 
Corporal Benjamin Cates, Bangor. 
Corporal Charles H. Pierce, Bangor. 
Corporal Franklin Whittier, Bangor. 
Corporal David Thompson, Bradley. 
Corporal .Martin V, B. Hutchins, Brewer. 
Corporal .-Mbion .\. Messer, Enfield. 
Corporal George B. McKenney, Enfield. 
Corporal Josiah .Smith, Garland. 
Corporal .\ll)ion Hardy, Hampden. 
Corporal Lewis B. Hardy, Hampden. 
Corporal William E. Larrabee, Hampden. 
Corporal Jesse Blake, Holden. 
Corporal Sanford Bruce, Lincoln. 
Corporal Wyman B. Roberts, Lincoln. 
Corporal Ira F. Stinchfield, Lincoln. 
Corporal Warren .•\. McPhetres, Lowell. 
Corporal Moses W. McKay, Oldtown. 
Corporal Francis Laing, Passadumkeag. 
Corporal J oseph Loring. Passadumkeag. 
Corporal Hadley Fairfield, Patten, 
Corporal Samuel L. Kimball, Patten. 
Corporal Harmon S. ••Ulen, Winn. 
Wagoner Benjamin F. Brichnell, Bangor. 
W^agor.er Isaiah .Allen, Lmcoln. 
Wagoner William Kennedy. Oldtown. 
Musician William A. Taylor, Burhngton. 
Musician Rueul D. Wooster, Hermon. 
Musician Benjamin W. Mitchell. Oldtown. 
Musician I. T. Stewart, Oldtown. 

PRIV.^TES. 

Peter .\mes, Joshua A. Barker, John H. Brown, William P. Burgess, 
George R. Boyer, Henry Cowan, Henry A. Cole, William E. Chap- 
man, John Conway, Sumner H. Condon, Richard Davis, William H. 
Evans, Pat Earley, Henry W. Farrar, Pat McGowan, Thomas Malo- 
ney, John S. McLurc, Michael McLaughlin, James H. Hasey, John 
Isham, John Kinney, Timothy Lmnell, William Cliann, John S. Mc- 
Luer, DeWitt C. Morrill, Edwin E. .Small, George A. Stetson, .Alfred 
Townsend, Edward Sargent, Ira Webber, Frank W^ Whittier, Martin 
W. Tower, Bangor; Melville Marshall, Bradford; Edwin Jordan, 
Reuel X. Morris, Daniel D. Perkins, Colby Smith, Bradley: .Samuel E. 
Coombs, Jesse Blake, Brewer; .Albert F. Gates, Duncan McMullen, 
Sheldon R. Sibley, Burlington; Moses Palmer, John McGraw, C-arroll; 
1-^lisha C. Debeck, Charles H. Eddy, Clifton; Nathan M. Cooley, Co- 
rinna; Hibbard C. Leeman, Ira Linnell, John Roncon, George L. 
liuswell, Joseph R. Bawn. Frank J. White, De.Nter; George E. Bragg, 
Franklin Condon, Robert II. Morse, Di.vmont; Silas R. Rowell, Walter 
(iilger, Moses Giles, William C. Mann, Henry C. Hold, Orlando I. 
Rowe, Eddington; Charles N. Farnham, Edinburg; Albeit T. Curtiss, 
Warren Gray, .A. J. McKenney, James Towle, Enfield; .Alvah B. Doble, 
I'.tna; Franklin Young, E.\eter; John M. Garry, Luke Grover, John T. 
Smith, Garland; Alfred Cressey, Moses Giles, Greenlief B. Staples, 
Daniel M. \\'orcester, Charles Worcester, Glenburn; Daniel Floyd, 
Dennis Hartford, Llewellyn Pollard, Charles Snow, Hampden; Xewell 
I'omeroy, Solomon Holt, jr., Fred G. Thompson, John Thompson, 
Hermon; Joseph M. Blake, Holden; Joseph W. Ridley, Rufus K. 
.Stebens, Hudson; James .\. Thomas, Lee; David M. Knowlton, John 
P. Trask, Levant; Stephen Balf, Roscoe Doble, John Flemming, .Au- 
gustine Gates, .Andrew J. Hatch, Thomas S. Libbey, John M. Lindsay, 
Orrin Lombard, Johnston Lyon, Joseph Lyon, Benjamin F. Potter, 
Luther I. Turner, .Adrian E. Turner, .Alvin E. True, Osmund Warren, 
Samuel B. Bridges, Benjamin F. Davis, Peltiah B. Davis, .Andrew 
Dunifer, Michael H. .Smith, Lincoln; Henry C. White. Lowell; Frank 
O'Brian, Mattawamkeag; William H. Coolbath, Mattamiscontis; Wil- 
lis S. N. Lancaster, Maxfield; John Hanscom, James Shorey, Milford; 
Levi W. Chadwick, Elbridge G. Kclley, Edwin .Smith, Xewburg; Eben 



Dinsmore, Henry Davis, Levi L. Davis, Newport; Stilson E. Sibley, 
Leonard Milan, No. i Plantation; Felix Betters, James Carney, 
George Cole, Thomas Dougherty, Charles H. Dougherty, Folsom 
Dutton, Edward Feli.N, Thomas Fish, Calvin Gillisson, Oliver Hall, 
William W. Harris. George Kinsell, Octavius Liscott, Annis Morrill, 
Joseph Moreau, Joseph Neddo, Shepard Parmer, Alonzo Patten, 
Edward Pelkey, George W. Rines, Madison C. Rowe, Vander Sawyer, 
Jacob Weymouth, Henry M. Curtis, George R. Coney, .Abraham 
Grover, Wayland F. Jacobs, Calvin I^avitt, Sebatis Mohawk, J. W. 
Neddo, Benjamin Oakes, Thomas P. Smith, John I. .Seaton, John 
Tashoe, Oldtown; Ephraim K. Bartlett, Jesse Bartlett, Jedediah Hans- 
comb, George Lessor. Augustus O. Whitmore, Daniel W. Freeze, 
Eben Densmore, Joseph C. Kelley, John Lisbon, Orono; James Dol- 
loff, James Haynes, Luther Haynes, Royall Nash, Charles Grumm, 
Aaron Haynes, jr., Passadumkeag; Timothy Fowler, Andrew Kim- 
ball, Charles H. Noyes, Uriah F. Palmer, Thomas B. Powers, Russell 
Royall, Moses Palmer, jr., Robert Vance. Patten; Henry Wiley, 
Plymouth; Chandler Pike, William W. Plummer (band), William C. 
Stickney, Springfield; George W. Fogg, G. W. Hodgkins, Stetson; 
Jacob Holmes, SwanviUe; Nelson S. Fales, Thomaston; Charles 
Knowles, Edward Myrick, George E. Tilden, Troy; Henry O. Giles, 
Veazie; David B. Grassey, Edward Reynolds, Winn; James Pond, jr., 
WoodviUe. 

EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, Seji- 
teniber 7, 1861, to serve three years, and left September 
loth for Hempstead, Long Island, New York, and sub- 
sequently for Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where they 
formed a part of General Sherman's expedition to Port 
Royal, South Carolina, which sailed October 29th. On 
the 8th of November, they landed at Hilton Head, 
where for several months they were engaged in throwing 
up breastworks, building fortifications, etc. On the ist 
of May, 1S62, they moved to Tybee Island and took 
a prominent part in the attack and capture of Fort Pu- 
laski, large detachments of the regiment having been 
detailed to man several batteries engaged in the bom- 
bardinent of the fort. From Tybee Island they returned 
to Hilton Head, and from that time until the spring of 
1863 were employed for the most jiart in doing guard 
duty at that place and at Beaufort, South Carolina. On 
the 19th of March, 1863, they were ordered to Jackson- 
ville, Florida, which they occupied after a spirited en- 
gagement with the enemy. On the 25th they made a 
reconnoissance on the line of the railroad toward Bald- 
win, engaged the enemy, and lost 2 men killed and 
I severely wounded. On the 29th they were ordered 
back to Beaufort, to make preparations to jiarticipate in 
the contemplated attack on Charleston, and embarked 
on the 3d of April for Stone River, where they lay on 
board transports during the bombardment of Fort Sum- 
ter on the 7th, after which they returned to Beautort, ar- 
riving on the 1 2th. Subsequently they were again or- 
dered to Charleston and embarked to proceed thither, 
but went no farther than Hilton Head, where they 
remained until the i4tli of November, then returned to 
Beaufort and there remained until the 2d of March, 
1864. On that day, 16 officers and 330 enlisted men, 
who had re-enlisted for an additional term of three years, 
were granted a furlough for thirty-five days, and pro- 
ceeded to Maine. The remainder of the regiment con- 
tinued at Beaufort until April 13th, when they were trans- 
ferred to the Department of Virginia, arriving at Glouces- 
ter Point on the i6th, and assigned to the Tenth Army 
Corj.)S. On the 26th tlie veterans rejoined the regiment, 



114 



HISTORY OF I'ENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



and on the 4th of May they moved to Bermuda Hun- 
dred, where they took part in all the active operations of 
the Army of the James. On the i6th they participated 
in the engagement at Drury's Bluff, losing 3 men killed, 
64 wounded, and 29 taken prisoners. On the 27th they 
proceeded to White House Landing, thence on the 31st 
to Cold Harbor, in the meantime having been perma- 
nently assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, 
Eighteenth Army Corps. On the morning of June 3d, 
they participated in the assault on the enemy's lines at 
Cold Harbor, losing during the day 10 men killed, 53 
wounded, and 16 taken prisoners. On the 12th they 
moved to White House Landing, and from thence to 
Petersburg where on the 15th, 16th, and 17th, they were 
engaged with the enemy. On the i8th, they made a 
successful attack and carried a portion of the enemy's 
line, losing 1 1 men killed and 39 wounded. From this 
time until the 25th of August they remained in the 
trenches in front of Petersburg, under continual fire and 
engaged in very exhausting duties. On that day they 
moved to the opposite side of the Appomattox, going 
into the works before Bermuda Hundred. On the night 
of the 28th of September, they crossed to the north side 
of the James River with the Eighteenth and Tenth 
corps, and were engaged in the assault successfully made 
the next morning on the enemy's works, near Chapin's 
Farm. On the 27th of October, they participated in the 
unsuccessful assault on the enemy's lines near the old 
battle-field of F'air Oaks, where they lost heavily. On 
the next day they returned to the trenches near Chajiin's 
farm. On the 5th of December, upon the re-organiza- 
tion of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps, they were 
assigned to the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Twenty- 
fourth Corps, and moved near Deep Bottom, taking po- 
sition in the fort at Spring Hill. On the 10th of Decem- 
ber, they lost 5 men killed and 6 wounded, in the 
reconnoissance made by the enemy on the right of the 
Union lines in the vicinity of Sjiring Hill. 'J'hey re- 
mained near Spring Hill until the 27th of March, 1865. 
On that day the regiment proceeded towards Hati her's 
Run, where they arrived the next day and remained do- 
ing picket duty until the 2d of .^pril, when they partici- 
pated in the assault and capture of Forts Gregg and 
Baldwin, and on the 3d proceeded towards Burksville, 
which place they reached on the 5th. On the 6th they 
bore an honorable part in the engagement at Rice's Sta- 
tion, and on the 9th in that at Appomattox Court House. 
After the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox 
Court House, they, with the rest of the troops of the 
Twenty-fourth Army Corps, proceeded to Richmond, Vir- 
ginia, where they remained encamped until August. .\t 
that time they were ordered to Manchester, and there 
remained until November, when they were ordered to 
I'ortress Monroe, Virginia, at which place they remained 
until the i8th of January, 1866, when the regiment was 
mustered out of the United States service by Lieutenant 
M. Harper, Assistant Commissary of Musters, and pro- 
ceeded to .Augusta, where the men were paid and finally 
discharged. 



FIELD AND STAFF. 

Lieutenant Colonel Joseph F. Twitchell, Patten. 
Major Joseph F. Twitchell, Fatten. 
Adjutant Spencer VV. Young, Fatten, 
(^uarterm.aster Stetson Sidelinger, Bangor. 
.Surgeon Faul M. Fisher, Corinna. 
.Assistant .Surgeon William K. lienson, Bangor. 
Chaplain Henry C. Henries, Lincoln. 
Ch.aplainJ. )•",. M. Wright, Camden. 
Coniniissary Sergeant .Stetson .Sidelinger, liangor. 
Hospital Steward .Alfred Walton, .Alton. 

COMMI.SSIONED OFFICEKS. 

Captain Jose])h F. Twitchell, Fatten. 
Captain America Walton, Patten. 
Captain John Conant, Bangor. 
Captain Henry Brawn, Oldtown. 
Captain HiHman Smith, Bradley. 
Captain Hiram N. Parker, Glenburn. 
First Lieutenant Luther B. Rodgers, Patten. 
First Lieutenant .America Walton, Patten. 
l*'irst Lieutenant Franklin E. Gray, Plymouth. 
P'irst Lieutenant George Capers, Exeter. 
First Lieutenant Samuel Gould, jr.. Dexter. 
First Lieutenant Horatio R. Sawyer. Bradley. 
First Lieutenant Henry Brawn. Oldtcvn. 
First Lieutenant Hillman Smith, Bradley. 
First Lieutenant John McCowan, Lagrange. 
First Lieutenant John L. Taylor. Hampden. 
First Lieutenant George A. Baldwin, Oldtown. 
Second Lieutenant Luther B. Rodgers. Patten. 
Second Lieutenant Lorenzo Warren, Patten. 
Second Lieutenant America Walton, Patten. 
.Second Lieutenant Spencer W. Young, Patten. 
Second Lieutenant George Capers, Exeter. 
Second Lieutenant Samuel Gould, jr.. Dexter. 
Second Lieutenant Walton H. Hill, Exeter. 
Second Lieutenant Hillman Smith, Bradley. 
Second Lieutenant John MeCowan, Lagrange. 
Second Lieutenant John L. Taylor, Hampden. 
Second Lieutenant Hiram N. Parker, Glenburn. 
Second Lieutenant Horatio B. Sawyer, Bradley. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Sergeant Howard Collins, Bradley. 
Sergeant Thomas W. Berry, Bangor. 
Sergeant Nathaniel Wentworth, Bangor. 
.Sergeant Lucius W. Elliott, Bradford. 
.Sergeant George .A llildwin, Bradley. 
Sergeant Horatio B. Sawyer, Bradley. 
.Sergeant Samuel Gould, jr.. Dexter. 
Seigeant George Capers, lixeter. 
Sergeant W. H. Hill, ICxeter. 
Sergeant Hiram M. I^arker, Glenburn. 
.Sergeant Stephen Danforth, zd, Lagrange. 
Sergeant Orlelus Stevens, Lagrange. 
Sergeant Daniel W. Ingersoll, Lincoln. 
Sergeant F-i>hraini P. White, Lowell. 
Sergeant Fernando Jellison, Milford. 
Sergeant Newell J. Givens, Newport. 
Sergeant Charles E. Parker, New port. 
Sergeant John B. Philbrook, Newport. 
Sergeant George A. Baldwin, Oldtown. 
.Sergeant .Vinerieus Walton, Patten. 
Corporal Moses I'Vench, Bangor. 
(_'orporal John Sample, Bangor. 
Corporal Ernest Ellsworth, Bangor, 
t.'orporal George Wheeler, Bangor. 
Corporal I^hilip H. Wall, Bangor. 
Corporal Edward M. Stover, Bradford. 
Corporal George A. Baldwin, Bradley. 
Corporal Timothy Crockett, Carmel. 
("orporal Lewis 1*". Leighton, Corinna. 
Corporal John C. Weeks, Corinna. 
Corporal Charles H. Mann, Enfield, 
(.-"orporal George Capers, Exeter. 
Corporal Walter H. Hill, JCxeter. 
Corporal Hiram .X. Parker, Glenburn. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I'S 



Corporal William H. Folsom. Ureenbush. 
CorponU John L. Tyler, Hampden, 
(--'orjsoral Daniel R. Boobier, Lagrange. 
Corporal Benjamin P. Hinckley, Lagrange. 
Corporal Leonard Keliher, Lagrange. 
Corporal Jonathan Knowles, Lagrange. 
Corporal Almond L. Sanborn, Lagrange. 
Corporal Erasius Noble, Lincoln. 
Corporal John T. Shaw, Lincoln. 
Corporal James Sawyer, Oldtown. 
Corporal John ('. Bachelder, Passadumkeag. 
Corporal .Amza Grant. Patten. 
Corporal Abraham Walton, Patten. 
Corporal Walker G. Harriman, Patten. 
Musician -Almond L. Sanborn, L.agrange. 
Musician Samuel C. Clark, Oldtown. 
Musician William F\irtridge, Oldtown. 
Wagoner Josiah Decker, jr., Lagrange. 

PKIVATES. 

William H. Smith, John E. Merrill, A. G. Walton, William H. 
Norcross, .Alton ; Thomas D. Brown, Samuel P. Danforth, Malcom 
McDonald, .\rgyle: Thomas Burk, Patrick Carlton, William Caswell, 
Augustus Conant, James Curley, John A. Farnham, Jackson Hall, 
Joseph A. McClure, Abijah A. Roberts, J. Sanborn, Rodney C. Stet- 
son, Alanson C. Thomas, John Thornton, Joseph Adams, Eugene S. 
Chamljerlain, William Dugans, John Delien, Charles E. Dunning, 
( ieorge Kieth, William W. Reed, Charles Ellison, Albert N. Marsh, 
Alfred B. Merrick, John W. Melton, Ebenezer Smith, Nelson Wilt- 
shire, Lewis Wentwoith, William R. Fish, Leander H. Evans, Amos 
P. McKenney, Owen Monaghan, Jere Readson, John T. Webb, 
Leander Doyle, George N. Foster, Henry R. Nickerson, Bangor; 
Benjamin F. Brookins, William P. Emerson, George N. Huston, 
Albert F. Dearborn, Andrew G. Storer Bradford; Frank Mishon, 
Alvah A. Clewly, Solomon Cormiera, Edward F. Collins. George W. 
Collins, Thomas Violet, Bradley; John .S. Claphani, George McLaugh- 
lin, Carmel ; Joshua M. Page. Levi B. .Speed, Jared Hyde, Thomas 
Tarin, Henry McCoy, Charleston ; Daniel D. Shaw, John T. Shaw, 
Richard H. Shaw, Chester; William S. Given, Corinna ; Stillman 
Gupjjy, Henry G. Prescott, Corinth; John H. Briggs, Dennis Thomp- 
son, Edwin C. Copeland, De.\ter; Granville fi. Bean, George L. 
Crocker, William L. Howes, Dixmont ; Alfred Haskell, William 
Forbes, Enfield; James H. Emerson, Joseph Turner, Etna; Sylvanus 
C. .Andrews, Edwin Blanchard, James Osgood, Allen P. Walker, 
Charles F. .Atkins, Chandler Eastman, E.\eter; James Penderton, 
Nathan Larabee, Glenburn ; John H. .Avery, Simeon Pratt, Hezekiah 
Richardson, George W. Riggs, Columbus D. Tasker, Cornelius Flynn, 
(-jreenbush; Israel L. Hogan, Peter W. Witham; .Alonzo C. Hersey. 
lohn H. Small, Greenfield; Stetson Sidelinger, George W. Young, 
John L. Bean, Edward C. Betts, Hampden ; Samuel Sidelinger, War- 
ren Hall, .Albert T. Webber. Otis Whitmore, Hernion; Ephriam S. 
B,ailey, H olden ; Leonard P. Mann, Horatio B. Sawyer, Hudson; 
Nathaniel Henderson, jr., Kcnduske.ag; Jeremiah Bean, Jeremiah 
Boobier, Charles FJoodcn, William R. Bryant, Alvin L. Cary, Retire 
Freeze. Samuel Lamjjhire, Charles H. Littleheld, Samuel H. Murphy, 
William Sanborn, I^uther W. Spering, Edward Spring, Lagrange; 
John P.rinnin, Charles H. Burke, Lee; Hiram B. Morrey, Levant; 
.Ami Kimball, Adolphus Perry, .Addison G. Osborne, Lincoln; Tobias 
Lord. Albert L. Mclntire, Lowell; Charles Myrick, Mattawamkeag ; 
Stephen Inman, David Willett, John H. Jackson, Milford ; Ch.arles O. 
Gerald, Milton .Smith, Joshua S. Otis, Newburg ; David L. Boyle, 
Tobias .A. Fernald, Daniel Litchfield, .Allen P. McLure, Rodolphus 
Mills. Benjamin F. Smith, Warren C. Tibbetts, William F. Wheeler, 
Newport; James Early, No. 2, Range 6; James H. Clark, William 
Commier, Moses Grant, David Kno.\, Isaac Moores, George Richard- 
son, .Alpheus Spaulding; John A. Spaulding, William Spaulding, 
Charles Willett, Moses C. French, Boardman Davis, Alfred C. Rigby, 
Albert S. Russ, .Alfred R. Varncy, Orrin L. Richardson, Orrin P. 
Richardson, .Andrew Cakes, Oldtown; Sylvanus Bragdon, Renjatnin 
King, Orono ; Joshua E. Blackwell, Lewis Clement, jr., John Fitz- 
patrick, Peter Grmo, Joseph C. Hill, Daniel S. Legrow, Erastus Le- 
grow, Samuel D. Ix;grow, James IC. Parker, Francis Scribner, Martin 
H. Shaw, Robert Smart, Jethro H. Sweet. John Troop, Joseph E. 
Clark, Lyman P. DoUoff, Charles B. Heald, William Hackett, Jonathan 
A. Perry, Henry A. Ricker, Barzilla H. Ricker, William H, Scribner, 
Daniel W. Sawtelle, Patten; Awando H. Mitchell, Stacyville; Levi 
M. .Scribner, Charles R. Johnson, Springfield; Orren Brand, Veazie. 



NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, September 
22, 1 86 1, to serve three years; left September 24th, and 
arrived at Fortress Monroe, where they formed a portion 
of General Sherman's expedition for the capture of Port 
Royal, South Carolina. November 8th the regiment land- 
ed at Hilton Head. I'ebruary 7th, 1862, went to Warsaw 
Island, and on the 21st joined the e.xpedition which cap- 
tured P'ernandina, Florida. Remained at Fernandina until 
January 17th, 1863, when they returned to Hilton Hc.id, 
South Carolina, where they did outpost duty until June 
24th; then moved to St. Helena Island. On the 4th 
of July they went to Folly Island, and on the loth 
landed on Morris Island, charged and carried the enemy's 
rifle-pits in front of their works. On the i ith they joined 
in the attack on F'ort Wagner, and only fell back when 
left alone by the other regiments and ordered to retreat. 
They also formed a part of the assaulting column in the 
attacks of the i8th of July and on the 6th of Sep- 
tember. Their casualties in the several assaults on Fort 
Wagner were over 300 men in killed, wounded, and 
missing. On the 30th of October they moved to Black 
Island, and remained there until February 10, 1864; in 
the meanwhile 416 of the original members re-enlisted 
for an additional term of three years. On that day they 
returned to Morris Island, when the re-enlisted men 
were granted a furlough of thirty days, and proceeded 
to Maine; the remainder of the regiment continuing 
there until the 18th of April, when they proceeded to 
Gloucester Point, Virginia, arriving on the 2 2d, and 
where the re-enlisted men rejoined the regiment on the 
28th. 

On the 4th of May they sailed up the James River, 
disembarking at Bermuda Landing on the 5th. On the 
7th they engaged the enemy at Walthall Junction. On 
the 17th they engaged the enemy at Drury's Bluff. On 
the 20th they again engaged the enemy at Bermuda 
Hundred, losing 9 killed, 39 wounded, and 4 missing. 
On the istofjune they participated in the assault on 
the enemy's works at Cold Harbor, losing in the engage- 
ment 10 killed, 49 wounded, and 12 missing. On the 
23d of June they arrived in front of Petersburg, and on 
the 30th engaged the enemy, losing 10 killed and 39 
wounded; also, on July 30th, losing 7 killed, 34 wounded, 
and 5 missing. On the i6th and i8th of August they 
engaged the enemy at Deep Bottom, losing in the en- 
gagement 8 killed, 38 wounded, and 10 missing. They 
returned to Petersburg on the 20th, and there remained 
on duty in the trenches until September 28th. In the 
meantime, on September 21st, the original members, 
numbering 158 men, who did not re-enlist, lett the regi- 
ment for Maine, where they were mustered out and dis- 
charged the United States service, their term having 
expired. 

On the 29th of Sei)tember the regiment, numbering 
195 enlisted men and 6 officers present, formed a jjart of 
the forces which made the assault on Fort Gilmore, and 
remained doing duty in the trenches at Chapin's Farm 
until the 26th of October. On the 27th they engaged 
the enemy at Derbytown Road; casualties 7 killed, 38 



i]6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



wounded, 3 missing. After further service at Fort 
Fisher, Wilmington, and other points in North Carolina, 
the regiment was mustered out at Raleigh, July 13, 1865, 
and returned to Augusta for payment and discharge. 

FIELD AN13 STAFF. 

Surgeon AUlen U. I'almer. Oroiio. 
Surgeon Delon H. Alibotl, Orono. 
Assisl.int Surgeon Delon H. .Abbott. Orono. 
Sergeant Major Dutsin I'. Dority, Bangor. 
Sergeant Major David O. Hoyt, I'assadunike.ag. 

COM.MISSIONKI) OFFICF.KS. 

Captain George W. Brown, Co. C, Newport. 
Captain Benjamin J. Hill, Co. D, Stetson. 
Ceplain George W. Cunimings, Co. I, Bangor. 
Captain Scollay D. Baker, Co. I, Bangor. 
Captain Billings Brastow, Co. I, Brewer. 
Captain Samuel .S. Mann, Co. K, Bangor. 
I'irst Lieutenant Klton W. Ware, Co. F, Orrington. 
First Lieuten.ant Benjamiji J. Hill, Co. H, .Stetson. 
First Lieutenant Scollay D. Baker, Co. I, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Billings Brastow, Co. I, Brewer. 
First Lieutenant Dustin P. Dority, Co. I, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Dustin P. Dority, Co. B, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Billinjjs Brastow, Co. I, Brewer. 
Second Lieutenant i'llton W. Ware, Co. L Orrington. 
Secon<l Lieutenant Kdwin T. Clifford, Co. I, Hcrmon. 
Second Lieutenant George W. Brown, Co. K, Newport. 
Second Lieutenant Benjamin J. Hill, Co. K, Stetson. 

NON-CO.MMTSSIONF.T) OFFICER.S. 

First Sergeant Thomas S. Shepard, Bangorf 
First Sergeant Richard Webster, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles E. Smith, Bangor. 
.Sergeant Forest R. Higgins, Bangor. 
Sergeant Dustin P. Dority, Bangor. 
Sergeant Warren E. Jordan, Bradford. 
Sergeant Levi J. Morrill, Brewer. 
Sergeant George H. Mower, Corinna. 
.Sergeant Hiram T. Bickford, Di.\mont. 
Sergeant Edwin T. Clifford, Hermon. 
Scrge.int CJcorge W. Brown, Newport. 
Sergeant John Daughcrty, Passadumkeag. 
Sergeant David O. Hoyt, Passadumke.ag. 
Sergeant Benjamin J. Hill, Stetson. 
Sergecnt Thomas Kent, Veazie. 
Sergeant John W. Shaw, Veazie. 
Corporal James W. Bowman. Bangor. 
Corporal John D. Fitzpatrick, Bangor. 
Corporal William .S. Frazier. Bangor. 
Corporal William H. Moody. Bangor. 
Corporal Joseph D. Norcross, Bangor. 
Corporal Elijah .S. Pierce, Banger. 
Corporal .Albert R. Lord, Bangor. 
Corporal Warren E. Jordan, Bradford. 
Corporal Edwin R. Wadleigh, Brewer. 
Corporal Francis H. McLaughlin, Carmel. 
Corpor.al WinslowJ. Gordon, De.\ter. 
Corporal Harrison W. Mower, Dexter. 
Corporal Ariel R. Prescott, De.\ler. 
Corporal Jackson W. f:iark, Glcnburn. 
C^orporal Cl.arkJ. Hammond. Hermon. 
Corporal Oscar M. Whiting, Newport. 
Corporal William W. Lunt, Orono. 
Corporal Patrick Linch, Orono. 
Corporal Frank E. Pond, Orrington. 
Corporal William Daugherty, Passadimikeag. 
Corporal CJustavus H. Dinsmore, Stetson. 
Corporal Benjamin J. Hill, Stetson. 
Corporal Oliver H. McKcnny, Stetson. 
Musician Albert A. Adams, Hampden. 
Wagoner Charles D. Staples, Bangor. 
Wagoner DeWitt, C. Heald, Newport. 
Wagoner John Cunningham, Stetson. 

I'KIVAIFS 

Moses H. Judkins, Daniel B. Shaw, .\llon; Wesley C. .\dams, Ed- 
ward Bowman, John W. Barker, lib Busha, Henry M. Bennett, Hiram 



F. Bell. James Moran, Joseph Duke, George H. Fuller, William Q. 
French, Edmund Gerrill, Thomas Hogan, Paul Page, Mark P. Nor- 
ton, Charles Smith, Silas H. Whiteliouse, Ira Martin, Leander B. 
Mitchell, Stephen J. Thomas, George M. .Avery Oscar F. Chase, 
Williard G. Cleaves, William V. Cunimings, Hugh H. Cameron, John 
B. Fitzpatrick, Lagassy Tuflile, Cyrus McKenney, Daniel Murry, 
David Pelkie, Joseph Winslow, Peter Walsh, Thomas Belcher, Harvey 
H. Chamberlain, Michael Collins, Horace B. Davis, Henry W. Drink- 
water, Edwin .VI. Davy, John F. Inman, Thom.as W. Kelley, Hiram 
D. Odlin, Alfred L. Townsend, Owen Lynch, John Downing, George 
W. Furbu'sh, Benjamin Hurd, John W. Keene. jr., C. Lander, 
Dennis \Lnhana, William Montgomery, William B. Salmon. 
Orrin Scribner, John F. Stevens, Bangor; Elias G. Blake, John T. 
Blake, Nathaniel Blake, Lemuel H. M.ayo, John Rankins, Brewer; 
A. Crockett, George C. Fogg, David Perry, Llewellyn .Smith, 
Josiah Ward, Carmel; David J. Morrison, Carroll; Edward Willard, 
Joseph Ellis, George W. Thomas. Benson K. Geaton, George .A. Naf- 
ton, Alonzo F. Kimball, Charleston; George B. Fisher. Charles S. 
Stone, Henry F. Weymouth, John D. Young, Roscoe V. H. Knowles, 
George W. Knights, Irving M. Barker, Christopher C. Knowles, 
George H. Mower, Samuel Libby, Jonathan Libby, Leonard B. Dear- 
born, Charles Elder, Charles E. Thompson. Orrin Winchester, Stephen 
Bray, James W. Brown, Stephen S. Burrill, Daniel W. Osgood, Thos. 
McMann, Otis Brooks, William H. Moore, James Babb, William Bond, 
Henry F. Caswell, Fred W. Clements, James P. Ireland, .Azro Mills, 
Corinna; Charles Curtis, Alexander McQuinn, Elisha B. Richards, 
Corinth; William Farmer, Roscoe W. Mowerj Asa S. Russell, John 
Smith, David S. Snow, .Abisha S. Sturtevant, John Wilson, James S. 
Curtis, Thomas Linnare, Jacob P. Lane, Benjamin T. Palmer, John 
M. Dutlon, .Abial S. Gove, George G. Beard, Joseph Crowell, Thomas 
Farrar, George W. Holbrook, Seth I. Swanton, Dexter; Charles H. 
C'lark, John AL Crocker, George Gould, Benjamin Peabody, Llewellyn 
D. Smith, Charles F. Smith, Ephraim E. York, Benjamin W. Clark, 
George E. Davis, John C. Jones, S. .A. York, Dixmont; John H. Bur- 
ton, George W. Calef, John W. Davis, George W. Richardson, Ed- 
dington; Reuel W. Philbrook, Phineas L. Saunders, James M. Stevens, 
John D. Carson. Horatio F. Barden, Boardman C. Friend, Ozro 
Stevens, Noah W. Edminston, Etna; William H. Canning, David 
Brown, Bembridge B. Brown, Exeter; William W.Allen, Garland; Henry 
H. Pomeroy, Charles G. Staples, George R. Staples, Daniel Tibbetts, 
jr., Isaac Wooster, Glenburn; Timothy H. Rider, George H. Young, 
David S. Libbey, Josiah P. Littlefield, Greenbush; Thomas P. Hink- 
ley, Hampden; Howard Grant, .Albert R. Lord, Hermon; Henry C. 
Armington, John F. Burton, Alonzo B. Merril, Holden; Charles H. 
Davis, Edwin Hayes, Alphonso Haskell, Edward Haskell, James 
Brickett, Israel Bemis, Edward Lothrop, Horatio G. Kelley, George F. 
Waugh, Preserved B. Turner, Danville L. Wyinan, Howiand; Thom.as 
Parks, Leonard .A. Cobb, Lee; Ira F. Eveleth, Orrin Nevins, Isaac 
Verrill, John Turner, Charles T. Turner, Levant; Willard Crocker, 
Adoniram H. Stinson, Lincoln; Marcellus V. Reed, .Amos Hodgdon, 
Merritt Southard, Bryden Spencer, William O. C. Mulligan, Milford; 
Lemuel Peabody, George O. Roberts, Newburg; Nahum Barnett, 
Marshall L. Colcord, John N. Gwin, Newport; Charles H. Kimball, 
Elijah Winslow, James .\. Dougherty, Fred .A. Michael, William Cum- 
mings, William Danforth, John L. Sp.aulding, John Lewis, Benjamin 
F. Neddo, George Patrick, Oldtown; Michael Collins, William Wilson, 
Elisha C. Martin, Thomas H. Bryant, Hannibal H. Perkins, Orono; 
Emery O. Giles, William S. Pond, Gilbert Ware, Orrington; Wesley 
Castigan, .Albert Nash, Passadumke.ag; Simeon Billings, James Davis_ 
Joseph B. Getchell, Charles A. Gilchrist, Titus Tonns, James M. W. 
Shaw, Benjamin R. Tilton, James W. Hodges, Nathan Hanscomb, 
James Gray, 2nd, John M. Dutton, George A. Tozier, Louis .Sandeau, 
Horace H. Gray, Augustus F. Rice, Plymouth; Peter N. Philbrook, 
Sidney II. Sinclair, Moses L. Ellis, Springfield; Daniel Berry, Allen T. 
Dinsmore, Newell J. Wiggins, Stetson; Moses (ioodwin, John E. 
Kent, Veazie; Hiram Twist, Woodville. 

TENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

organized at Cape Elizabeth, October 4, 1861, eight 
companies to serve two years from May 3d of that year, 
and two comjsanies to serve three years from October 
4th. Its service was mainly under Banks in North- 
ern Virginia, and under General Pojje and other com- 
manders of the .Xrniy of the Potomac. After the two 
years' men were mustered out, the remainder formed a 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



"7 



battalion of tliree companies for duty as Headquarters 
Guard, Twelfth Army Corps. 

NON-COMMISSION Kl) OF]- ICKKS. 

Corporal .N'atli.iniel F. French, liradford. 
Corporal Charles H. Carson, Bangor. 
Wagoner Charles B. Canney, Bangor. 

I'RIVAIKS. 

Levi T. Davis, Carmel ; William Peabody, Dixmont; Thomas 
Brick, jr., Joshua K. .Strong, ICnfield ; Nathan ICmery, Hampden; 
Hercules S. i-ernald, William Sibley, Lowell ; Levi U. Messer, U. B. 
McKinncy, Henj.imin Spencer, Uncoln. 

ELEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, November 
1 2, 1 86 1, to serve three years, and left on tlie following day 
for Washington, District of Columbia, where it arrived on 
the i6th, and remained encamped until March 28, 1862. 
On that day, with their division (Casey's), they proceeded 
to Alexandria, thence to Newport News, Virginia, where 
they remained until April 6th, On the 17th they pro- 
ceeded to Yorktown, and on the 29th had a sharp 
engagement with the enemy. On the 5th of May they 
bore a distinguished part in the engagement which took 
place at Williamsburg. They afterwards proceeded 
tow\ards the Chickahominy, which they crossed at Bot- 
tom Bridge on the 23d, and took a prominent part in 
the battle of Seven Pines on the 31st. After the battle 
of Seven Pines, they occupied the rifle-pits of the rear 
defences until June 4th, when they moved to the "Burnt 
Chimneys," and from tlience to Bottom Bridge. On the 
30th they participated in the battle of White Oak Swamp, 
after which they proceeded towards Harrison's Landing, 
where they remained until August 16th, when they left for 
Yorktown, at which place they remained until the 26th 
of December. On that day the regiment, with Naglee's 
brigade, embarked for North Carolina, and landed at 
Morehead City on the first day of January, 1863. On 
the 20th of January they again embarked on transports 
and started for Port Royal, where they landed on the 
loth of February. On the 4th of April they started for 
Charleston, and were present at the unsuccessful attack 
on that city by the ironclads, after which they returned 
to Beaufort, South Carolina, and there remained until 
June 4th, when they proceeded to Fernandina, Florida. 
On the 6th of October they were ordered to Morris 
Island, South Carolina, where they arnved on the 7th, 
and went immediately to the front. On the nth they 
were assigned to the First Brigade as artillerists, and for 
a long period were engaged day and night in shelling 
Sumter and the rebel works on Sullivan and James 
Islands. 

In April, 1864, they were assigned to the Third Brig- 
ade, First Division, Tenth Corps, and joined General 
Butler's command at Gloucester Point, Virginia. On 
the 5th of May they landed at Bermuda Hundred and 
participated in the engagement at Port Walthall Junction 
on the 7tli. They afterwards participated in the expedi- 
tion towards Petersburg, and in the battle fought at 
Chester Station on the loth. They also participated in 
the assault on the enemy's line around Richmond on the 
i2th, 13th and 14th; also on the i6th, losing in the 
several engagements 24 men killed and wounded. On 



the 17th they were again engaged with the enemy, 
and lost 26 men killed and wounded. On June 2d 
they assisted in repulsing the enemy's attack on the 
fortifications at Bermuda Hundred, losing 41 men 
killed and wounded ; and on the 16th participated 
in the movement resulting in the capture of the Hewlett 
House battery and entire line of rebel works in front of 
Bermuda Hundred. They also assisted in repulsing the 
enemy's attack on the 1 7th and 18th. .Subsequently they 
left the P.erinuda Hundred lines and proceeded to Deep 
Bottom, where they remanied until August, having 
meanwhile frecjuent skirmishes with the enemy, and par- 
ticipated in the capture of the rebel earthworks on the 
New Market road, where they lost 32 men killed 
and wounded. On the 14th of August they crossed to 
the north bank of the James river at Deep Bottom, and 
joined the Tenth Corps in its seven days campaign, par- 
ticipating in three battles. They charged once at Deep 
Bottom, twice at Deep Run, and repulsed three charges 
of the enemy on the i6th, and one on the i8th; their 
loss in killed and wounded in these several engage- 
ments was 10 commissioned officers and 144 enlisted 
men. On the 26th they moved to Petersburg, wliere 
they remained and took their share in the siege opera- 
tions at that place until the 28th of September, when 
they left for Deejj Bottom, and on the following day 
assisted in the capture of the heights known as "Spring 
Hill." Subsequently they participated in the movement 
towards Richmond, and on the 7th of October, in the 
engagement on the New Market road, in which they bore 
a prominent part. On the 13th they were heavily en- 
gaged in a battle on the Darbytown road, where they 
suffered a loss of 13 killed and wounded. They par- 
ticipated in the movement of October 27th, towards 
Richmond, and on the 29th in the recapture of the 
works across the Johnson plantation on the Darbytown 
road. 

On the 2d of November, one hundred of the regi- 
ment left the field for Maine, their three years' term of 
service having expired; and on the next day the remain- 
der of the regiment left for New York, having been one 
of the number selected to accompany General Butler, to 
assist in keeping the peace of the city at the Presidential 
election, after which they returned to the front. 

The total number of casualties in the regiment for the 
year 1864 were 363, viz: 74 killed, 274 wounded, 6 
missing, and [g taken prisoners. During the year they 
received 549 recruits; also a full company of volunteers, 
the Eighth of unassigned infiintry, organized at Augusta, 
Maine, December 17, 1864, to serve one year, the mem- 
bers of which were assigned and transferred to Compa- 
nies I and K. These accessions filling up the ranks of 
the regiment to the required number, it preserved its or- 
ganization and remained in service. 

During the first three months of 1865 the regiment 
was stationed near the New Market road, about ten 
miles from Richmond, and formed a part of the Third 
Brigade, First Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps. On 
the 27th of March, with their division, they moved across 
the James and Appomattox Rivers and to the vicinity 



iiS 



HISTORY OF I'ENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



of Hatcher's Run, where on tne 31st they engaged the 
enemy, and remained exposed to their fire, skirmishing 
almost continually, until the 2d of April, losing mean- 
while 3 enlisted men killed, 2 officers and several enlist- 
ed men wounded, and i officer and 15 enlisted men taken 
]jrisoners. On the 3d of A])ril they participated in the 
assault and capture of Forts (Jregg and l'.aldwin, losing 
during the day 25 enhsted men killed and wounded, 
and on the 2d moved with the army in pursuit of Lee's 
forces. On the 9th they engaged the enemy at Clover 
Hill, losing 6 enlisted men killed, 2 officers and 29 en- 
listed men wounded. From the 25th of April to the 
24th of November, they were encamped near Richmond, 
Virginia, and on duty in that city, the greater part of the 
time. On the 26th of November they moved to Fred- 
ericksburg, and remained, doing patrol and other duties, 
until the middle of January, when they went to City 
Point for discharge. They were mustered out February 
2d, and left the ne.xt day for Augusta. 

FIKLD AND STAFF. 

Colonel Harris M. IMaisIed, Bangor. 

Colonel Jonathan A. Ilili, .Stetson. 

Lieutenant Colonel Harris M. I'laisteil, Bangor. 

Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan A. Hill, Stetson. 

Lieutenant Colonel Charles P. Baldwin. Bangor. 

Major Jonathan A. Hill, Stetson. 

Major Charles P. Baldwin, Bangor. 

Quartermaster Sergeant William H. H. Andrews, Newburg. 

Commissary Sergeant Samuel W. Lane, Bangor. 

Commissary Sergeant Joseph G. Ricker, Lee. 

Hospital Steward George C. Tha.xter, Lee. 

Drum Major and Quartermaster .Sergeant John Williams. Hampden. 

Principal Musician .-\bner Brooks, Corinna. 

((IMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
Captain Charles P. Baldwin, Bangor, Co. B. 
Captain .Albert Mudgett, Newburg, Co. D. 
Captain Samuel B. Straw, Bangor, Co. E. 
Captain Francis W. Wiswell, Holden, Co. E. 
Captain George W. Small, Bangor, Co. E. 
Captain Francis W. Sabine, Bangor, Co. G. 
Captam Jonathan A. Hill, Stetson, Co. K. 
First Lieutenant Robert Brady, Enfield, Co. C. 
First Lieutenant John D. Stanwood, Springfield, Co. D. 
First Lieutenant Francis W. Wiswell, Holden, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Francis W. Sabine, Bangor, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Robert H. Scott, Bangor, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Joseph S. Bowler, Lee, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Albert (i. Mudgett, Newburg, Co. G. 
First Lieutenant Peter Bimker, Brewer, Co. G. 
First Lieutenant Benjamin B. Foster, Orono, Co. L 
Fisst Lieutenant Robert Brady, Enfield, Co. I. 
First Lieutenant Melville M. FoLsom, Newburg, Co. K. 
First Lieutenant Charles H. Foster, Stetson, Co. K. 
First Lieutenant Joseph .S, Bowler, Lee, Co. K. 
First Lieutenant Robert H. Scott, Bangor, Co. K. 
Second Lieutenant Jerome B. Ireland, .Newport, Co. B. 
Second Lieutenant John Williams, Hampden, Co. C. 
Second Lieutenant Gibson S. Budge, .Springfield, Co. U. 
Second Lieutenant Franklin M. Johnson, Springfield, Co. U. 
Second Lieutenant Samuel W. Lane, Bangor, C"o. D. 
Second Lieutenant |udson L. Young, Springfield, Co. D. 
Second Lieutenant I'rancis W. .Sabine, Bangor Co. E. 
Second Lii-utonant Lawson G. Ireland, Newport, Co. E. 
Second Lieutenant William P. Plaisted, Stetson, Co. G. 
Second Lieutenant George W. .Small, Bangor, Co. G. 
.Second Lieutenant George Payne, Plymouth, Co. G. 
.Second Lieutenant Charles A. Fuller, Corinth, Co. H. 
Second Lieutenant Jerome B. Ireland, Newport, Co. H. 
Second Lieutenant tJeorge H. Stratton, Winn, (_:o. I. 
Second Lieutenant .Albert G. Mudgett, Newburg, Co. K. 
Second LieiUenani William P. Mudgett, Newburg, Co. K. 



Second Lieutenant Charles H. Foster, Stetson, Co. K. 
Second Lieutenant George W. Small, Bangor, Co. K. 

NON-COM.MI.SSIONEU OFFICERS. 

First Sergeant Nathaniel R. Robbins, Bangor. 
First Sergeant George G. Blaisdell, Bangor. 
First Sergeant George H. Stratton, Winn. 
Sergeant Charles F. Wheeler, Alton. 
Sergeant John N. Weymouth, Alton. 
Sergeant Henry H. Davis, Bangor. 
.Sergeant Joseph Currier, Bangor. 
Serge-ant .Sumner K. Cushing. Bangor. 
Sergeant .Adelben Chick, Bangor. 
Sergeant Henry McCoy, Bangor. 
Sergeant .Alphonso Patten, Bangor. 
Sergeant George W. Small, Bangor. 
Sergeant Roger .A. Erskine, Bradford. 
Sergeant Henry B. .Stanhope, Bradford. 
Sergeant Peter Bunker, Brewer. 
.Sergeant Daniel T. Mayo, Carmel. 
.Sergeant George W. Clink, Clifton. 
Sergeant Charles Knowles, Corinna. 
.Sergeant Stephen Mudgett, Dixmont. 
Sergeant Robert Brady, Enfield. 
Sergeant Francis Ephraim, I-^nfield. 
Sergeant Judson W. Barden, Etna. 
Sergeant Henry Knowles, Kenduskeag. 
Sergeant John Finigan, Lincoln. 
Sergeant George W. Rowell, Medway. 
Sergeant Cyrus E. Bussey, Newburg. 
Sergeant William W. Foster, Orono. 
Sergeant Charles Watson, Orono. 
Sergeant |ohn F. Buzzell, Plymouth. 
Sergeant George W. Payne, Plymouth. 
Sergeant .Amos R. Pushaw, Plymouth. 
Sergeant Francis M. Johnson, Springfield. 
Sergeant Judson L. Young, Springfield. 
Sergeant William P. Plaisted, .Stetson. 
Sergeant Stinchfield .A. Leland, Winn. 
Sergeant David B. Snow, Winn. 
Sergeant Charles W. Trott. W'inn. 
Sergeant Arthur V. Vandine, Winn. 
Corporal Charles Babcock, .Alton. 
Corporal Charles F. Wheeler, .Alton. 
Corporal Charles G. L. .Aiken, Bangor. 
Corpor.al Calvin S. Chapman, Bangor. 
Corporal Ellas H. Frost, Bangor. 
Corporal Thomas T. Tabor, Bangor. 
Corporal Levi C. Smith, Bangor. 
Corporal .August D. Locke, Bangor. 
Corporal James W*. Perkins, Bangor. 
Corporal .\delbert Chick, Bangor. 
Corporal J aiues E Dow, Bangor. 
Corporal Fred H. Gorham, Bangor. 
Corporal George \\\ Small, Bangor. 
Corporal John E. Smith, Bangor. 
Corporal Daniel West, Bangor. 
Corporal J osiah Furbush, Bradford. 
Corporal Ira Weymouth, Bradford. 
Corporal George W. Collins, Bradley. 
Corporal Peter Bunker, Brewer. 
Corporal Daniel D. Noyes, Brewer. 
Corporal Stephen R. Bearce, Carroll. 
Corporal Patrick Dougherty, Carroll. 
Corporal William H. Girrell, Charleston. 
Corporal Charles Badge, Corinth. 
Corporal Cyrus Perkins, Corinna. 
Corporal Samuel Libby, Corinna. 
Corporal John B. .Alden, Dixmont. 
Corporal William H. Chamberlain, Enfield. 
Corporal Francis I'^phraim, Enfield. 
Corporal Leonard M. Witham, Enfield. 
Corporal J oseph W. Borden, Etna. 
Corporal Simeon Batchelder, Hampden. 
Corporaljohn Higgins, Hampden. 
C'orporal Andrew R. Patten, Hampden. 
Corporal Nathan .Averill. l^e. 
Corporal Joseph .S. Ames, Lee. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



119 



Corporal Jotham S. Garnett, Medway. 
Corporal Cyrus E. Bussey, Newburg. 
Corporal John J. Hill, Newburg. 
Corporal Andrew J. Mudgett, Newburg. 
Corporal Charles Watson, Orono. 
Corporal James J. Baker, Orrington. 
C'orporal I.ysander H. I'ushaw, I'lyniouth. 
Corporal tJcorge H. Downs, I'lymoulh. 
Corporal (Jasper Hersey, I'lymoulh. 
Corporal John Dyer, Springfield. 
Corporal Benjamin Gould, Springfield. 
Corporal Hughey G. Rideout, Springfield. 
Corporal Frank E. Young. Springfield. 
Corporal Charles H. Foster, Stetson. 
Corporal Silas H. Kenney, Stetson. 
Corporal David B. Snow, Winn. 
Corporal I'harlcs W. Trott, Winn. 
Musician .\bner Brooks, Corinna. 
Musician John E. McKenny, Kenduskeag. 
Wagoner Joseph D. Ricker, De.xter. 
Wagoner Samuel Babb, Hudson. 
Wagoner John Ricker, Lee. 

PKIVATL-S. 

Samuel Babb. Levi S. Bradford, James Bowley, Horace Burse, 
Moses Burse. Thomas Deray, .\ndrew C. Means, Albion Penny, John 
D. Walter, George H. Walton, Leonard H. Young, Alton; Joseph 
Emery 2d, Lewis Green, (Jeorge Merrill, Charles E. Elwell, Edward 
Laffin. Charles Sweeney, Josiah Felker, William Buswell, Charles P. 
Bazin, Edwin Elliott, Josiah H. Gordon, Edward W. Mills, Charles 
Rimbold, Frank L. Kenney. Charles Trask, Charles W. Lampcon, 
Charles M. Bunker. James M. Perkins, Sumner M. Bolton. John T. Stev- 
ens, Samuel M. York, .\lton; Charles A. Glidden, Charles P. Hubbard, 
Francis M. Johnson, Charles H. Jones, Norris Keefe, James Parker, 
Henry J. Ruck, Charles M. Prebble, Benjamin R. Smith, George War- 
rick. John W. Worcester, Bangor; Isaac T. Bailey, Frederic Brooking, 
Charles Bowker, Charles H. Clark, Lorenzo D. Clark, Jesse H. Chad- 
bourne, James Chadbourne, David E. Cunningham, Philip A. Dan- 
forth, Andrew B. Erskine, James Elliott, William M. Erskine, Joel D. 
Farnham. George D. French, Joseph .\. Ferguson, John Greene, Or- 
mandel V. Hebberd, James Hobbs, George M. Keiser, Daniel W. 
King, Lacassard Lassell, Prentice Preble, Henry W. Rider, Thomas 
J. Roberts, Asa V. Southard, Jonathan C. Spaulding, Hosea Staples, 
George H. .Strout, A. K. P. Twombly, Watson Ward, Bradford; 
Edwin F. Colins, Bradley; William H. Bean, William Keddle, Thomas 
A. Folley. Edward H. Hilton, Peter Bunker, Brewer; Jeremiah Fol- 
soni, Burlington; David .Simpson, Carniel; .^delbert J. .Mdrich. Silas 
M. Gates, William Shennan, Carroll; Samuel Copp, Zelord E. Car- 
penter, William C. Davis, Stephen C. Elwell, James Hamdcn, Charles 
F. Jack, Charles Johnson, Charles F. Rich, .Alfred P. Shute, Christo- 
pher C. Speed, Levi Stevens, .\lbert E. Turner, Leland F. Bridgman, 
Charleston; Ed\\in Savage, Ezekiel Savage, Chester; William H. Fogg, 
George W. Fogg, Clifton; Samuel Dean, Volney Sprague, Charles F. 
Morrill, John Knowles, Jesse R. Stone, Joseph R. Stone, Corinna; 
James Batchelder, Charles M. Dexter, .Abijah N. Clay, Walter 
I'rowell, Moses W. Fish, Thomas Sullivan, Moses F. Hurd, Charles 
A. H. Hurd, William H. H. Hurd, (5eorge O. Johnson, .Augustus 
Keiser, Joseph H. Knox, John Larry, jr., Linbyna Packard, Henry 
D. Prescott, Zachary T. Reynolds, Leeman R. .Smith, Thomas S. 
Smith. Charles E. Wyman. Clement C. Libby, Mory Mulliken, Wil- 
liam Nickeison, jr., John P. Nickerson, Corinth; Lorenzo D. Bickford, 
John P. Bickford, George L. Crocker, Oliver T. Ferguson, Lewis L. 
Gray, Joseph H'. Morsey, David Peabody, Erwin L. Prentiss, Dix- 
inont; Charles H. Springer, Dexter; Wells Maddocks, Eddmgton; 
Willard Whitney, E. Corinth; Albion A. Bands, Robert Brady, jr. , 
Silas Buswell, jr., William A. Buzzell, ICIijah B. Curtis, Phineas Ciu'tis, 
Zana Curtis, Levi .\. Coombs, William H. Darling, William B. Davis, 
Daniel Gray, Thomas Knowlton, Charles W. H. Jewett, Michael Mc- 
Devinof, Simeon F. McKenney, Nathan P. Messer, Nathan P. 
Witham, James M. Whittier, Enfield; Thomas Barker, Bowman 
Eldridge, Exeter; George VV. Buzzell, Etna; Henry .^. Mann, Thomas 
Nye. Glenburn; Eugene Braydon, Garland; Charles S. B. Hodgdon, 
William H. Houston, Samuel R. Buker, Greenbush; John Williams, 
Hampden; Abimeleck H. Annis, Freeman W. Annis, William Clark, 
Lemuel Overlock, Hermon; Michael Doyle, Holden; Charles H. 
Bean, Andrew H. Whitney, Robert Douglas, Charles H. Ham, .San- 
lord March, Franklin C. Rowe, Horace B. Sherbourne, Llewellyn R. 



Webber, Ira E. Parsons, Henry S. Rolfe, Daniel S. Percival, Hudson; 
Aaron W. Houston, George H. Smith, Warren S. Ladd, Kenduskeag: 
Enoch Flanders, Lewis .S. Henderson, George W. Jones, .Simeon 
H. Kinney, Warren W. Bishop, Lagrange; Joseph S. Bowler, Barte- 
mas Dunham, Philip Cobb, William Green, Henry F. Randall, Brain- 
ard A. Richie, Seth H. Riggs, Seth T. Salter, Charles H. Merrill, 
Ira C. Hermon, Bartemas Bartlett, William Bartlett, Charles H. 
Burke, Alonzo Carver, William Doble, Charles N. Foss, Joseph Hardin, 
Mathew P. House, Thomas M. Joidan, John B. Reed, George Robinson, 
Wentworth Staples, Joseph S. Rowles, Lee; John W. Elliott, Joseph 
Cooke, Moses F. Hurd, Thomas Reede, Benjamm F. Wing, Levant; 
-Asa A. -Athens, William .Athens, John C. Whitney, John M. Daley, 
Eleazer Hutchison, Lincoln; Andnew McKay, Charles N. Fogg, John 
G. McPhetres, Andoniram Sibley, Sumner Sibley, Lowell; Ellsworth 
B. Garnett, Medway; Charles F. Bickford, Timothy W. Ford, Mon- 
roe; Charles B. Abbott, Oscar F. .Abbott, George W. Bussey, Frank- 
lin F. Condon, Willard Davis J. B. Kelley, George .S. Kelley, Allen 

D. Holmes, Luther E. Maddocks, Charles E. Morton, Franklin A. 
Quinn, Robert Ricker, John Whitcomb, John Whitcomb, jr., New- 
burg; Jerome B. Ireland, I^aurison G. Ireland, Charles Miles, Joseph 

E. Nelson, John Wilson. Levi Pooler, Simeon Oakes, Lorenzo D. 
Stewart, Horace P. Robinson, Charles O. Varney, Newport; Charles 
B. Sartelle, No. 2. Ranges; John Ballard, Samuel A. Clark, Samuel 
.S. Hinkley, Michael Neddo, Peter Neddo, Adams Weaver, Frank 
Spaulding, Joseph Shepherd, John G. Quimby, John B. Weeks, Ed- 
ward Parkes, Joseph Lagassy, George A. Cron, John Spearin, Ezra F. 
Barnes, Albion P. Brickmore, George Cote, Oldtown; Nathaniel S. 
Davis, William Waite, Pattagumpus; Timothy W. Bean, Passadum- 
keag; George Innian, jr., Thom.as Kelley, John Longley, Archibald 
P. Martm, John Mullen, George Sitel, Lorenzo R. McFarland, Orono; 
Andrew Osborn, Samuel Buzzell, William H. Conant, William C. Drake, 
Alva G. Glover, Wellington Leavitt, William F. Murray, Stephen 
Thurston, John W. Thurston, William R. Downs, Charles M. Prescott, 
Jonathan F, Knights, Plymouth; Hiram A. Cooper, Parker Downs, 
Stephen Frost, John N. Stanley, Prentiss; James B. Annis, James W. 
Bryant, Philo Bearse. John E. Bridges, John M. Rutherfield; Clark 
Cilley, Melville Comforth, George L. Cooper, John Day, Charles Dol- 
ley, Charles Downs, Prince E. Dunifer, Daniel S. Ellis, George H. 
Gerry, Ira Gould, Benjamin Guild, Leonard Leighton, Charles A. 
Lowell, David C. Philbrook, Ezra J. Philbrook, Jeremiah Philbrook, 
Zenas H. Rider, George M. Shepherd, Harvey C. Shepherd, Hiram A. 
Woodman. William P. Weymouth, George H. Woodward, Ezra C. 
Woodman, .Springfield; Charles .A. Cochran, Henry C. Dresser, 
Stephen S. Hubbard, Josiah M. Marble, Charles E. Hammons, Josiah 
Glastalve. Henry B. Cooper, Charles H. Abbott, Cyrus Woods, James 
V. Tabor, Horace .S. Kinney, .Augustus D. Locke, Thomas McKenney, 
William W. Morton, Marquis D. L. Osgood, Brook D. Stewart, 
Drummer .Sylvester, Charles Watson, Warren L. Whittien, Stetson; 
Wales E. Davis, Samuel Wentworth, Veazie; David Clendenain, Ed- 
ward Davis, Loring Gaiey, John Knox, C'harles Royal, George W. 
Young, Winn; Andrew J. Gardiner, Woodville; 'I'homas Nye, Orring- 
ton; .Stephen .\. Hind, John .A. Jordan, .Stetson. 

TWKI.KTH KEOI.MENT INKANTRV. 

This regiment was organized at roriland, November 
16, 1 86 1, to serve three years, and left for Lowell, Mas- 
sachusetts, on the 24ih,where after being encamjjed several 
weeks, it embarked on board the steamshijj Constitution, 
January 2, 1862, constituting a portion of General But- 
ler's New England Division, designed for the capture of 
New Orleans. On the 19th of January they disembarked 
at P'ortress Monroe, and on the 4th of February i)ro- 
ceeded on their voyage, arriving at Ship Island on the 
1 2th. They remained at Ship Island until the 4th of 
May, then proceeded to New Orleans. On the 2 2d of 
June they |)articipated in the expedition to Manchac Pas?, 
where they engaged the enemy, and suffered a loss of 14 
killed and several wounded and taken prisoners. Sub- 
sequently they returned to New Orleans, where they re- 
mained until the 21st of October. On that day the 
regiment moved to Camp Parapet, and on the 19th pro- 
ceeded towards Baton Rouge, where they arrived on the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



2oth of December. During this march they were engaged 
in frequent skirmishes with the enemy, but met with few 
casualties. 

In the spring of 1863, during the early stages of the 
campaign, towards the reduction of Port Hudson, they 
performed an important part, assisting in covering the 
successful naval movement under Farragut, which resulted 
in his passing the enemy's stronghold with his fleet and 
communicating with the fleet above. Returning to Baton 
Rouge, they formed a portion of the expedition under 
General Grover, up Grand Lake, after which they par- 
ticipated in the Port Hudson campaign, losing 68 killed 
and wounded. On the 7th of July, immediately follow- 
ing the surrender of Port Hudson, they embarked for 
Donaldsonville, engaged the enemy at that place, and 
there remained about a month, when they returned to 
New Orleans. From thence they proceeded to Ship 
Island to protect that post from a threatening attack from 
Mobile, and there remained during the months of 
August and September ; then returned to New Orleans, 
remaining until January 3, 1S64, when they formed a 
]iart of an expedition to Madisonville, which they occu- 
lted until the i ith of March. On the 1 2th, two-thirds 
of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, who, April i6th, 
were furloughed and came to Maine, the non-re-enlisting 
men remaining at New Orleans. The furloughed men 
arrived at Portland on the 27th of April, and re-assembled 
there on the 27th of May, when they left for New York, 
where they arrived on the 3d of June and sailed for New 
Orleans on the 8th. Immediately upon their arrival at 
New Orleans on the i6th, they were ordered to Carrol- 
ton, and from thence on the 23d to Morganzia, where 
they arrived on the following day. 

On the 3d of July they proceeded to Algiers, and on 
the 13th sailed for Fortress Monroe, where they arrived 
on the 20th. From thence they proceeded to City 
Point, where they were ordered to report to General But- 
ler at Bermuda Hundred. Disembarking on the 21st, 
they proceeded on the same night to General Butler's 
position between the .\ppomattox and the James ri\ers, 
and there remained until the 28th, when they partici- 
pated in the movement of the Second Corps and General 
Sheridan's command across the James River. 

On the 31st of July they were ordered to Washington, 
thence towards the Shenandoah Valley, and joined Gen- 
eral Sheridan's forces at Berryville on the 17th of .Au- 
gust. On the following morning they moved towards 
Harper's Ferry as far as Charlestown, and took position, 
remaining until the 21st, when they retreated to Hall 
Town. On the 3d of September they proceeded up the 
valley and participated in the battle of Winchester on 
the 19th, losing in the engagement 2 commissioned offi- 
cers killed and 6 wounded, 12 enlisted men killed, 78 
wounded, and 15 missing; then they joined in pursuit of 
the enemy to Harrisonburg, where they arrived on the 
25th, and returned to Cedar Creek on the loth of Oc- 
tober. They bore an honorable part in the action at that 
place on the 19th, in which their casualties were as fol- 
low: I commissioned officer and 6 enlisted men killed, 
2 commissioned officers and 20 enlisted men wounded. 



2 commissioned officers and 51 enlisted men missing. 
On the 20th of October they moved to Strasburg, and 
shortly afterwards returned to their old position at Cedar 
Creek, where they remained until the 9th of November; 
on that day, with their corps, they moved back to the 
northern bank of the Opequan. 

The regiment was mustered out of service at Portland, 
Maine, December 7, 1864, the recruits and re-enlisted 
men, however, remaining in the field and being organized 
into a battalion of four companies. This battalion was 
afterwards ordered to Savannah, Georgia, where it was 
subsequently raised to a full regiment by the assignment 
of the Tenth, Twelfth, Fifteenth, Eighteenth, and Six- 
teenth Companies of unassigned infantry, organized at 
Augusta, Maine, in February and March, 1865, to serve 
one, two, and three years, and which were assigned as 
Companies E, F, G, H, I, and K, respectively. These 
companies were mustered out at the expiration of their 
term of service in February and March, 1866, the two 
and three years men, together with the battalion of vet- 
erans, remaining on duty at Savannah, Georgia, until the 
i8th of April, 1S66, when the whole battalion was mus- 
tered out of the United States service at that place, by 
Lieutenant J. Hartwell Butler, Commissary of Musters, 
Department of Georgia, under the provisions of War De- 
partment General Order No. 94, Series of 1865, and in 
pursuance of Special Order No. 7r, dated Headquarters 
Military Division of the Tennessee, April 10, 1866. 
They then took transports to New York, where the men 
were paid and finally discharged. 

FIELD .\NU STAFF. 

Atljutant Lagrange Severance, Bangor. 
C^)uartermaster Charles H. Buswell, Bangor. 
.Surgeon James H. Thompson, Orono. 
Surgeon Eldiidge A. Thompson, Charleston. 
.Assistant Surgeon Eldridge A. Thompson, Ch.arleston. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICKKS. 

Captain .Alibolt Coan, Orono, Co. .\. 

Captain Joseph W. Tnompson, Bangur, Co. B, 

Captain John F. .\ppleton, Bangor, Co. H. 

Captain Henrj' L. Wood, Ue.xter, Co. 11. 

Captain Samuel F. Thompson, Bangor, Co. I. 

First Lieutenant Alfred U. Morse, Orono, Co. A. 

First Lieutenant Joseph VV, Thompson, Bangor, Co. B. 

First Lieutenant George Webster, Bangor, Co. C. 

First Lieutenant David B. Chesley, Lincoln, Co. D. 

First Lieutenant Abbott Coan, Orono, Co. F. 

h'lrst Lieutenant .Alfred R. Straw, Garland, Co. F. 

First Lieutenant David B. Chesley, Lincoln, Co. F, 

Second Lieutenant Edward H. B. Wilson, Orono, Co. F. 

Second Lieutenant Freeman H. Chase, Lincoln, Co. F. 

Second Lieutenant George Webster, Bangor, Co. H. 

Second Lieutenant Abram B. Coombs, Bangor, Co. I. 

Second Lieutenant Charles H. Bushwell, Bangor, Co. I. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Sergeant Joseph W. Thompson, Bangor. 
First Sergeant Charles J. Fletcher, De.vter. 
First Sergeant David B. Chesley, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Charles H. Buswell, Bangor. 
Sergeant William A. Garnsey, Bangor. 
Sergeant Lagrange Severance, Bangor. 
Sergeant Edwin S. Thompson, Bangor. 
Sergeant Lewis H. Walton, Bangor. 
Sergeant Daniel Wentworth, Bangor. 
Sergeant -Albion P. Sanders, Brewer. 
Sergeant Abbott Coan, Exeter. 
Sergeant Levi W. Edgerly, E.xeter. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, NIAINK 



Sergeant Tristam C. Goding, Hampden. 
Sergeant John Haskell, Hermon, 
Serg.eant C'harles H. Freeman, Lincoln. 
Sergeant ICugene B. Stinson, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Alfred D. Morse, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Jedediah Greenlaw, Orono. 
•Sergeant I-'ranklin Lord, Plymouth. 
Corj)oral Hiram G. Clandge, Hangor. 
Corporal Jonathan N. Drew. Hangor. 
Corporal Reuben Gowen, Rangor. 
Corporal Ephraim (Juptill, Hangor. 
Corporal John Haskell, Bangor. 
Corporal William S. Hiiskcll, Bangor. 
Corjioral I-Yed A. Small, B.in.gor. 
Corporal Daniel W'entworth, Bangor. 
Corporal Joseph (Jray, Bradford. 
Corporal Kugene Kingman, Dexter. 
Corporal Benjamin F. Walker, K.xeter. 
Corporal John Haskell, Hermon. 
Corporal William B. McKcnney, Kenduskeag. 
Corpoial William C. Hanson, Lincoln. 
Corporal Charles H. Stratton, Lincoln. 
Corporal George G. Thayer, Lincoln. 
Corpora' Eugene B. Stinson, Lincoln. 
Corporal (jeorge W. March, Newljurg. 
Corporal .Vugiistus H. Morrill, Oldtown. 
Corporal David S. I'orter, Oldtown 
Corporal John A. Decker, Orono. 
Corporal Marcena C. Gray, Orono. 
Corporal John B. Rowan, Orono. 
Corporal Benjamm F. Snow, Orringlon. 
Corporal Myron Webster, Orringlon. 
Corporal Michael Condon, Oirington. 
Musician Prentice P. Allen. Corrinna. 
Musician John H. Mettor, Dexter. 
Musician Joseph H. Johnson, Orono. 
Wagoner Lewis B. Hopkins. 

]'KIV.\TKS. 

Jacob Bagley, ]eremy Baker, James Harris Benson, John Bilby, 
John M. Blanchard, Alvm Burbank, Edward C:. Charles, Michael Con- 
don, .Augustus Curtis, Jonathan W. Drew, Martin Drinkwaler, George 
W. Fraisei, .Augustus Gilbert, Walter Grogg, Thomas Hawkins, Asa 
Kimball, James Kirkpatrick, Noah .McKusick, William D. McLaugh- 
lin, Ivory Murray, Phineas Nickerson, Bryden S. Osborn, Thomas 
Petters, .Alanson Powers, Benjamin F. Prescott, .Samuel T. Pierce, 
I'".lmon P. Saunders, Stephen S. Sealand, Harrison Spencer, William 
H. Thompson, Henry G. Thompson, Charles H. Thorns, .Almon P. 
Tibbens, John W. Torsey, William H. Torsey, Hangor ; Joseph L. 
Forbes, Joseph .-\. Horlon, Bradford: .\bram H. Downes, Walter W. 
Gragg, Frederic A. H. Sanborne, Edwin J. W^ishburne, Henry C. 
Waterhouse, Brewer; Gabriel .\. Foster, Eliphalet Miller, Edward S. 
Page. .Aruna E. Peasley, Franklin Tibbetts, Burlington; .Albert Dough- 
erty, John McGuire, Carmel ; James Roach, Jonathan S. Hunt, Charles- 
ton ; Charles H. Stratton, Ira F. Stratton. George G. Th.ayer, Ches- 
ter; John R. BurriU, .Alvah R. Graffam, Samuel C. Graffam, Josiah P. 
Nickerson, Charles Nutter, Elijah G. Tibbetts, Bailey J. P. Washing- 
ton, Corinna ; Simon A. .Abbott, Hiram M. tjould, Charles P. Green, 
.Sullivan White, Dexter; Oscar Butler, Jerry R. Champeon, William 
Champeon, Luther M. Hill, Charles F. Milton, Alonzo Russell, Ben- 
jamin F. Russell, Calvin R. Seavey, Cyrus L. .Seavey. Harrison Willey, 
Jerry Young, Exeter; Isaiah .Adams, Stephen Berry, jr., Samuel Fox, 
Robert T. French, Wesley H. Handley. .Alfred R. Straw. Leonard H. 
Titcomb, Garland; ]ames W. Smith, Charles Tibbetts, (ilenbiirn; 
(_"harles .A. Williams, Greenbush ; John Litllefield, John C. McPhetres, 
Greenfield ; Jacob H. Palmer, Jesse N. Rines, Joshua C. Rines, Hamp- 
den ; (jeorge E. West, Holden ; Russell S. Tucker, Kenduskeag ; 
Enoch L. Tuck, Lee ; Herman C. Anthers, Hiram Dill, Aaron Han- 
son, Edwin Hanson. Joseph Hatch, Lincoln; George E. Caldwell, 
Seth Eastman. John Fox, Lowell; Robert J. Camp, Newburg ; Emery 
Allen, Jeremiah Kingston, David S. Porter. Philip A. Vickery, Old- 
town ; James M. .Andrew, Peter Rrochin, Charles .A. Buckley, William 
Buckley, Peter Butler, Josejih Clankay, .Alexander Clair, Joseph 
Cowen, Horatio Duplissa, Michael Estes, Stephen Estes, Phineas W. 
Fairbrother, Peter Hogan, Martin Kennedy, Zeph.aniah Neal, James 
Nelergrani, Edwin M. Paris, John C. Perkins, Maxim Rancho, Josiah 
Spencer, Mark Weeks, Martin J. Vinal, Peter firoochee, (jeorge But- 
ler. Thom.is .M. Dean, Joseph I-'orlit:r, Ilur.ice l.abrce, Reuben S. 



Garland, Spencer Sewell, Orono; William Johnson. -AUin B. Towle, 
Plymouth ; Moses B. Langley , Stetson ; Josiah Garnett, Winn ; Charles 
D. Garnett, Woodville. 

THIRTEENTH REGIMENT INF.ANTRY. 

Tliis regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, De- 
cember 13, 1 86 1, to serve for three years, but left for 
Boston, Massachusetts, l'"ebruary 18, 1862, where it em- 
barked on board transports on the 20th and 21st for For- 
tress Monroe, Virginia. P'roni thence on the 23d they 
sailed for Shij) Island, Mississipj.ii, where they arrived on 
the 2d of March, and there remained until July 5th, on 
wliich day detachments from the regiment were sent to 
garrison the several forts constituting the defences of 
New Orleans, and were engaged in such duties until 
September i, 1863, when the entire regiment was ordered 
to New Orleans to jierform provost duty. On the 24th 
of October, they embarked at Carrollton, Louisiana, for 
Te.xas, and landed at the island of Brazos de Santiago, 
near the mouth of the Rio Grande, on the morning of 
November 2d. They participated m the capture of 
Point Isabel on the 6th, and on the 15th formed a part 
of the forces which captured Mustang Island. On the 
27th of November they jiarticipated in the capture of 
Fort Esperanza, commanding Pass Caballo, the entrance 
to Matagorda Bay, where they remained encamped until 
February 18, 1864, when they were ordered back to 
Louisiana to rejoin the Nineteenth Army Corps at 
Franklin, and take part in the Red River campaign then 
about commencing. 

On the 15th of March they proceeded toward 
Natchitoches, where they joined General Banks' forces 
on the 2d of .\pril, and on the 6th moved toward 
Shreveport. Reaching Pleasant Hill on the 8th, they 
jjarticipated in the engagement at that place on the same 
day, and on the ne.xt day in tlie charge resulting in the 
comjjlete repulse of the enemy. They returned to Al- 
exandria, Louisiana, on the 25th of April, and to Mor- 
ganza Bend, Louisiana, on the 2 2d of May, after a 
fatiguing march, during which lines of battle had to lie 
rejieatedly formed to repel attacks. 

They remained at Morganza until the ist of July, 
when they were ordered north, and arrived at Fortress 
Monroe on the 12th,, thence jiroceeded to Washington, 
District of Columbia, where they arrived the next day, 
and encamped at Tennallytown, subsequently marching 
to Harpers Ferry, Virginia. On the 3d of August the 
re-enlisted men of the regiment proceeded to Maine on 
furlough, and there remained until the 27th of Sej^tem- 
ber, when they departed for the front, reaching Harpers 
Ferry on the ist of October. Communication with the 
front being then impossible, they were ordered to Mar- 
tinsburg, Virginia, (the base of supplies for Sheridan's 
whole army), where they remained on picket and jiatrql 
duty until the expiration of their original term of service, 
when the original members who had not re-enlisted re- 
turned to Maine, arriving at Augusta December 30, 1864, 
and were mustered out of the United States service at 
th.at i)lace on the 6th of January, 1865, by Major J. W. 
T. Gardiner, United Stales .Army. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Two hundred and eighty-two re-enhsted men and eighty- 
two recruits whose term of service had not expired, were, 
before the departure of the regiment from the field, or- 
ganized into a battahon, which was soon afterwards trans- 
ferred to and consolidated with the Thirtieth regiment of 
infantry, Maine volunteers. 

COMMISSIONliD OFFICERS. 

Captain Frederick A. Stevens, Co. E, Bangor. 

Captain William H. H. Walker, Co. A, Newburg. 

First Lieutenant William H. H. Walker, Co. A, Newburg. 

First Lieutenant Freeman W. Whiting, Co. C, Newport. 

Second Lieutenant William E. Cusliing, (Jo. I, Winterport. 

Second Lieutenant Ora Pearson, Co. I, Bangor. 

NON-COiMMISSIONED OFFICERS. • 

First Sergeant Ora Pearson, Bangor. 
First Sergeant Horace W. Sullivan, Hampden. 
Sergeant Daniel H. Capus, Bangor. 
Sergeant Levi L. Hawes, Bangor. 
Sergeant Arthur C. Williams, Hampden. 
Sergeant Taylor T. Clark, Hermon. 
Sergeant Charles A. Woodbury, Hermon. 
Sergeant Charles D. Billings, Newburg. 
Sergeant Benjamin B. Rose, Newburg. 
Sergeant Henry W. Brown, Newburg. 
Sergeant Hiram White, Oldtown. 
Corporal Daniel H. Capus, Bangor. 
Corporal John Gorst, Bangor. 
Corporal William B. Ray, Bangor. 
Corporal William Haseltine, jr., Carmel. 
Corporal Arthur C. Williams, Hampden. 
Corporal George Brackett, Hermon, 
Corporal Albert Bryant, Hermon. 
Corporal Taylor T. Clark, Hermon. 
Corporal Henry S. Kelly, Heimon. 
Corporal George H. Smith, Hermon. 
Corporal Charles A. Woodbury, Hermon. 
Corporal Abijah G. Allen, Newburg. 
Corporal John Lowell, Plymouth. 
Corporal .Andrew Ryder, jr., Plymouth. 
Corporal Joel Gates, Oldtown. 
Corporal Isaac W. McDonald, Oldtown. 
Corporal George L. Piescott, Oldtown. 

PRIVATES. 

Joseph Whitcomb, Alton; Additon C. Benning, Phineas Clark, .Samuel 
Foloman, Thomas Clark, Samuel Gorst, Albion Grant, Alfred Joy, A. B. 
Merrick, John L. O'M.ira, William Plummer, Levi Stevens, Edward C. 
Tuttle, Eugene M. Williams, James H. Winslow, Bangor; Lorenzo D. 
Libby, Carmel; Daniel L. Bishop, Charleston; Erastus Bickfurd, 
Newell W. Smith, James A. Reed. Frederic A. Getchell, Nahum .\. 
Nason, Di.xmont; .Asa C. Brickett, Warren Doble, Etna; Alfred Bus- 
well, Charles W. Herrick, Daniel M. Miner, Glenburn; Kufus Johns- 
ton, Greenfield; Taylor Clark, Alvin W. Page, Zimri Piper, jr., William 
H. H. Walker, Hampden; Additon fienning, Cieorge Clark, Frank J. 
Hammond, Franklin Hammond, jr., John E. Holt, Edward Kelley. 
Stillni.an Kelley, George W. Light, Henry W. Light, Francis F. Over- 
lock, Andrew J. Smith. Hermon; Charles A. Elliot, Kenduskeag; Al- 
bert Annis, Levi P. Bowden, .Andrew J. Pomeroy, Gideon Pomeroy, 
Levant; George T. Eldridge, Newburg; Charles Bolbaston, Willi. im 
F. W. Canfield, David Carr, George F. Clark, Stephen Coffin, Corne- 
lius Dugan, John Dugan, Nathaniel Haskell, Nelson R. Jellcrson, 
George H. Jones, John Kelley, .Albert F. Knight, Charles A. I^ibby, 
James Smith, Thomas Spencer, Hugh Toomy, Dimmie B. White, 
Miles White, Charles Wheeler, Joel E. Wheeler, Oldtown; William 
Wilson, Patten. 

FOURTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, from 
December 3d to December 17, 1861, to serve three 
years. They left for Boston February 5, 1862, and on 
the 8th sailed for Ship Island, Mississippi, where they 
arrived March 8th. They sailed for New Orleans May 
19th, and there remained until July 5th. On the 7th 



they embarked for Baton Rouge, where, on the 5th of 
August, they took a prominent part in the engagement 
with the enemy under General Breckenridge, losing in 
the engagement, in killed, wounded, and missing, 126 
men. On the 2pth, they lett Baton Rouge and i)roceed- 
ed to Camp Parapet, thence on the 26th to Carrollton. 
On the 7th of September they participated in the attack 
and capture of a camp of guerrillas at or near St. Charles 
Court House. On the 30th they were assigned to Gen- 
eral Dudley's brigade of Sherman's division, and on the 
26th of October returned to Carrollton, where they re- 
mained until December 13th, when they were ordered to 
lionnet Carre, thirty miles further up the river, and 
where they remained until May 7, 1863, employed in 
preventing smuggling through the rebel lines, and upon 
expeditions into ihe interior for the purpose of reconnois- 
sance and other objects. On the 7th of May they pro- 
ceeded towards Civiquis Ferry, and on the loth and nth 
were attacked by the enemy at that |)lace, and repulsed 
them on both days. On the 20th they proceeded to 
liaton Rouge, thence to Port Hudson, arriving at the 
latter place on the 22d. They [)arti( ipated in the as- 
saults on the enemy's fortifications at that place on the 
27th of May and on the 14th of June. From the 22d 
of June until the surrender of the place on the 8th of 
July, they remained in the trenches exposed to a heavy 
fire from the enemy's batteries. After the surrender of 
Port Hudson, they were stationed a short distance from 
that place on the road to Clinton, doing picket duty, 
until the 2 2d of August, when they proceeded to Baton 
Rouge; thence on the 3d of September with the expedi- 
tion to Sabine Pass, and afterwards to Algiers. After 
remaining a short time in Algiers, they proceeded to 
Brashear City, thence to Opelousas, which they reached 
on the 2ist of October. On the ist of November they 
proceeded towards New Iberia; reached Vermillion Ba- 
you after a march of two days, remained there until the 
1 6th, and then marched to New Iberia, where they 
remained encamped until the 7th of January, 1864. 

In the meanwhile, all but forty of the available men 
of the regiment having re enlisted for an additional term 
of three years service, on the loth of February they left 
New Orleans for Maine, having been granted a furlough 
for thirty days, and arrived on the 21st at Augusta, 
where they re-assembled at the expiration of their fur- 
lough. They left for Portland on tho 9th of April, and 
sailed on the following day for New Orleans, where they 
arrived on the 19th, and encamped at the "Parapet" 
until May 5th; then proceeded to B.tton Rouge, and on 
the 3d of July down the river to Algiers, prejiaratory to 
a then unknown sea voyage. On the 13th they sailed 
for Bermuda Hundred, Virginia; arrived there on the 
2 2d, and were immediately assigned to General Butler's 
command. On the 31st they proceeded to \Vashington; 
and, on the 14th, marched for the Shenandoah Valley 
by way of the Chain Bridge and Leesburg Turnpike, 
joining General Sheridan's forces at Berryville, Virginia, 
on the 1 8th. They jiarticipated in the battle of Win- 
chester on the 19th of September, losing 60 men in 
killed, wcjundcd, and missing; and were present at the 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



125 



assault and capture of Fisher's Hill, after which they 
joined in the pursuit of the enemy to Harrisonburg. 
Subseciuently they returned to Cedar Creek, and partici- 
pated in the engagement at that place on the 19th of 
October, losing 80 men, killed, wounde.d, and taken 
prisoners. 

Shortly after the battle of Cedar Creek, they moved 
to a position near Kearnestown, where heavy works were 
erected, in which they remained until the 23d of Decem- 
ber, when the original members who liad not re-enlisted 
and whose term of service had expired were ordered to 
Maine for the purpose of being mustered out, the re- 
enlisted men and recruits whose term of service had not 
expired being organized into a battalion of four com- 
panies and remaining in the field. The regiment ar- 
rived at Augusta, Maine, December 30, 1S64, and was 
mustered out of the United States service by Major J. 
W. T. Gardiner, United States Army, on the 13th of 
January, 1S65. 

The battalion, composed of the re-enlisted men, form- 
ing four companies, lettered A, B, C, and D, remained 
encamped at Stevenson's Station, Virginia, until the 6th 
of January, 1865, when with the rest of the Second Di- 
vision, Nineteenth Army Corps, they proceeded to Balti- 
more, Maryland, and on the nth embarked for Savan- 
nah, Georgia, arriving on the 20th, and occupying that 
city until May 7th. 

On the 30th of March the battalion was increased by 
two new companies, the Thirteenth and Fourteenth of 
Unassigned Infantry; and on the loth of April by four 
more, viz: the Seventeenth, Twentieth, Twenty-second, 
and Twenty-third of Unassigned Infantry, all of which 
were organized at Augusta, Maine, in March and April, 
1865, to serve one year, and which were assigned as 
companies E, F, G, H, I, and K, respectively, thereby 
re-organizing the battalion into a full regiment. 

On the 6th of May the regiment moved towards Au- 
gusta, Georgia, arriving on the 14th, and remaining there 
until the 31st, when they were ordered back to Savan- 
nah, which ]jlace they reached on the 7th of June. On 
the 9th they proceeded to Darien, Georgia, and there 
remained, engaged m guard and patrol duty, until the 
28th of August, 1865, when the entire regiment was 
mustered out of the United States service by Captain 
Henry L. Wgod, Assistant Commissary of Musters, Dis- 
trict of Savannah, under War Department Circular No. 
30, Series of 1865, and in pursuance of instructions 
from Headquarters, Department of Georgia. On the 
I St of September they embarked for Maine, arriving at 
Augusta on the 17th, where the men were paid and 
finally discharged on the 28th. 

FIELD AND STAFF. 

f "olonel Thomas \V. Porter, Bangor. 
I.iculenant-Colonel Thomas W. I'orter, Bangor. 
I.ieutenant-Colonel John K. Laing, Passadumkeag. 
Major Thomas W. Porter, Bangor. 
Major Jolin K. Laing, Passadumkeag. 
Adjutant Adolphus J. Chapman, Newburg. 
tjuartermaster Warren Crowell, Orono. 
Chaplain .Mvan J. Bates, Lincohi. 
iSergeanl-Major Wilham G. Lee, Bangor. 
IJuartermaster-Sergeant Warren T. Crowell , Orono. 



Commissary-.Sergeant William Jackman, Patten. 
Commissary Sergeant Henry C. Snow, Newburg. 
I*rincipal .Musician John .S. Smith, Bangor. 
Principal Musician Lmory Hall, Bangor. 
Principal Musician Carlisle P. Sawtelle, Newburg. 

COMMI.SSIONED OFFICF.KS. 

Captain |ohn [. Quiniby, Orono, Co. B. 
Captain Warren Crowell, Orono, Co. C. 
Captain Nathaniel Sawyer, Di.vmont. Co. D. 
Captain William D. t hase, Oldtown, Co. D. 
Captain George W. Worster, Glenburn, Co. E. 
Cajitain John O. W. Paine, Bangor, Co. K. 
Captain Horace Blacknian, Bradley, Co. F. 
C'aptain John K. Laing, Passadumkeag, Co. V. 
Captain James B. Hill, Patten, Co. L 
(-'aptain Ir^ B. Gardiner, I\alten, Co. I. 
Captain .-Mbert L. Spencer, Bangor, Co. I. 
First Lieutenant Joseph D. Wood, Bangor, Co. A. 
First Lieutenant Malcom W. Long, Bangor, Co. B. 
l''irst Lieutenant William D. Chase, Oldtown, Co. D. 
First Lieutenant John O. W. Paine, Bangor, Co. D. 
First lieutenant John J. (Juiniby, Orono, Co. D. 
First Lieutenant George W. Worster, Glenburn, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Simon H. Boyd, Levant, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant -Adolphus J. Chapman, Newburg, Co. E. 
First Lieutenant Thomas W. Porter, Lowell, Co. F. 
First Lieutenant John K. Laing, Passadumkeag, Co. F. 
First Lieutenant Ira B. Gardiner, Patten, Co. I. 
First Lieutenant William [aeknian. Patten, Co. I. 
First Lieutenant Americus D. Harlow, Bangor, Co. L 
First Lieutenant Warren Crowell, Orono, Co. K. 
.Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Grant, Lowell, Co. A. 
Second Lieutenant John O. W. Paine, Bangor, Co. D.- 
Second Lieutenant Henry W. Robinson, Bangor, Co. D. 
Second Lieutenant John J. Quimby, Orono, Co. D. 
Second Lieutenant Edson Holmes, Bangor, Co. F. 
.Second Lieutenant William Jackman, Patten, Co. H. 
Second Lieutenant Charles Smith, Oldtown, Co. L 
Second Lieutenant Ira B. Gardiner, Patten, Co. I. 
.Second Lieutenant C'harles E. Blackwell, Patten, Co. 1. 
Second Lieutenant Wilson Crosby, Bangor, Co. I. 
Second Lieutenant Warren Crowell, Orono, Co. K. 

NON-CO.MMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Sergeant Joseph D. Wood, Bangor. 
First Sergeant Francis H. Blackman, Bradley. 
First .Sergeant Henry C. Snow, Di.xmont. 
Sergeant Richard Ashton, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles W. Cleaves, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles L. Doe, Bangor. 
Sergeant Allen B. Farrar, Bangor. 
Sergeant Henry W. Robinson, Bangor. 
Sergeant Joseph W. Wing, Bangor. 
.Sergeant George .A. Pritchard, Bangor. 
Sergeant Daniel O. Billings, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles A. Clewley, Bradley. 
Sergeant James Garrity, Brewer. 
Sergeant David P. Edminister, Dixmont. 
.Sergeant Benjamin F. Simpson, Di.vmont. 
Sergeant James B. Craig, Dixmont. 
Sergeant George W. Worster, Glenburn. 
Sergeant David S. Worster, Glenburn. 
Sergeant Charles G. Niles, Glenburn. 
Sergeant .Albert Blackman, Greenbush. 
Sergeant James Rule, Greenbush. 
Sergeant .Andrew F. White, Greenfield. 
Sergeant .Simon H. Boyd, Levant. 
Sergeant John P. Hillsgrove, Milford. 
Sergeant Warren Crowell. Orono. 
Sergeant John J. Quimby, Orono. 
Sergeant John K. Laing, Passadumkeag. 
Sergeant Ira B. (Jardiner, Patten. 
Sergeant William Jackman, Patten. 
Sergeant Daniel Scribner, Patten. 
Sergeant Calvin Brickford, Plymouth. 
Sergeant William F. Jenkins, Woodville. 
Corporal Edward Bradford, Bangor. 



124 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Corporal Seth Perkins, Bangor. 
Corporal Daniel McPhee, Bangor. 
C^orporal George W. Chamberlain, Brailford. 
Corporal Charles A. Clewley, Bradley. 
Corporal Daniel W. Hardy, Bradley. 
Corporal William H. Sawyer, Bradley. 
Corporal Weston Page, Burlington. 
Corporal George W. Taylor, Burlington. 
Corporal George Bean, Carmel. 
Corporal David M. Dill, Di.\mont. 
Corporal David P. Edminister, Dixmont. 
C'orporal .Stephen E. Harris, Di.xmont. 
Corporal James P. Harris, Di.vmonl. 
Corporal William M. Cobb, liddington. 
Corporal Franklin W. Betham, Enfield. 
(Corporal William E. Merrifield, Enfield. 
Corporal John J. Owens, Enfield. 
Corporal David S. Worster, Glenbmn. 
Corporal Oscar E. Blackwell, Greenbush. 
Corporal John Butler, Greenbush. 
Corporal William A. Doyle, Greenbush. 
Corporal Sylvester Quinn, Lagrange. 
Corporal John O. Allen, Lowell. 
Corporal Joseph W. Grant, Lowell. 
Corporal Charles S. Buswell, Maxfield. 
Corporal ."Mbert S. .Smith, Newburg. 
Corporal Daniel S. Jackson, Newburg. 
Corporal .Sullivan S. Perkins, No. I Township. 
Corporal James H. Cooper, Oldtown. 
Corporal Charles R. Horn, Oldtown. 
Corporal John Hayes. Patten. 
Corporal Joseph Preble, Patten. 
Corporal William F. Jenkins, Woodville. 
Musician Emory Hall. Bangor. 
Musician Carlyle B. Sawtelle, Newburg. 
Musician Dudley Miles, Oldtown. 
Wagoner John B. Lowell, Bangor. 
Wagoner Ozias P. Jackson, Oldtown. 
Wagoner M. H. Stetson, Oldtown. 

I'KIVATES. 

Isaac C. Brown, ."Mton; James M. Aiken, Josiah Hinds, Lewis Morri- 
son, John Murray, Zenas Goodell, Samuel Hail, William S. Laing, 
Charles M. Donald, Augustus J. Nickerson, Thomas Dana, William 
Dana, Malcolm W. I^ong, John Eldridge, jr., Sewall B. Lombard, 
James McGinnis, Malcolm W. Long, James Murray, Charles H. 
Stockwell, George A. Doe, Emery Hall, Roscoe L. Greene, Amos M. 
Spencer, Patrick Dougherty, Dudley Miles, Lemuel K. Arister, Albert 
L. Chick, Jesse A. Fairbanks, Patrick McCabe, William N. Gillis, Wil- 
liam L. Seavey, Horace F. Wood, John S. Smith, William H. Pritch- 
ard, James G. Percival, Bangor; William Bowley, Peter Misson, J. 
Sewell Pomeroy, Horace Sawyer, Stephen Call, Calvin Carter, Hiram 
E. Lord, Bradley; Isaac Brown, Ephraim Cunningham, Tristram H. 
Heard, jr., Algernon S. Miller. Harrison Moore, John Page, Thomas 
Warren, Burlington; William A. Carpenter, Frederick Tilton, Charleston; 
Warren N. Dill, Chester; Foster H. Staples, Clifton; Lleu'ellyn Cope- 
land, Luther Stubbs, Corinna; William J. Guffy, Corinth; John W. 
Burnham, Moses Cooks, Alexander Edminister, Lemuel P. Edminister, 
Daniel Edminister, jr., Joseph N. Edminister, Noah Edminister, Noah 
W. Edminister, James F. Emery, Foster C. Chase, Eli Cook, Fred A. 
Cushman, Benjamin H. Monk, Gershom C. Simpson, Charles F. Tas- 
ker, Thomas B. Hamilton, Charles W. Work, Otis C. Farnham, Clark 
L. Lakemont, Newell Larrabee, Joseph Littlcfield, David H. Morrison, 
Joseph Peabody, Daniel R. Sawyer, William M. Simpson, Benjamin F. 
Stevens, Albert S. York, Dixmont; Brainbridge Davis, Frank Sweet, 
Henry C. Sweet, Russell S. Towle, Eddington; Edward Betham, Jo- 
seph Burns, George W. Barnes, Levi Merrifield, Enfield; Benjamin F. 
Davis. Jonathan Dyer, Augustus Eldridge, Etna; George W. Harri- 
inan, Charles F. Staples, Glenburn; Charles W. Campbell, Arrona W. 
Douglass, Benjamin F, Folsom, Thomas N. Hill, Hiram M. Lowell, 
Eleazer Martin, Franklin Playze, John E. Playze, Harriman Pratt, jr., 
William H. Pratt, Leonard Richardson, Charles W. Spencer, Green- 
bush; George Mclnlire, Cyrus Maxwell, Hampden; George F. San- 
born, John 'I". Bradbury, Hermon; William Wallace. Holden; Reuben 
H. Brawn, John H. Emerson. Lewis F. Mason, Betiiuel Mason, How- 
land; Isaac Cunningham, Hudson; Reuben L. Gould, Lewis Smith, 
Kenduskeag; Riley Weeks, Lagrange; Charles H. Bailey, Michael 
Gulivan, William P. Hatch, Joseph Nute, Abithar R. Wiggin, Lincoln; 



Edward Booden, Daniel D. Castigan, Isaac W. Clark, jr., Asa Fogg, 
James E. Grant, .Arthur N. Given, Charles W. Henderson, Abraham T. 
Kimball, William Kimliall, Hiram Knowlton, Abraham Miles, Elbridge 
Miles, Josiah Miles, John Wharton, Lowell; George W. Brown, Cyrus 
Emery, Leonard G. Freeman, Jesse B. Lancaster, Rodney Q. Lancas- 
ter, Robert R. Moulton, Benjamin Thomas, Maxfield; John Di.xon, 
William W. Johnston, Dennis Newman, Oscar W. Reed, James Sweet- 
man, Milford; Virgil C. Newcomb, Alonzo Newcomb, Pearl B. 
Day, Newburg; Elbridge Applebee, Fred W. Johanett, John F, Dix- 
on, Henry Howard, Newport; Finley Cameron, Alden B. Smith, James 
Stacy, Robert E. Stacy, William W. Woodbury, Stacyville; George 
Forrest, Stetson; John C. Averill, Reuben Bryant, Joseph F. Cobb, 
James H. Cooper, Henry F. Dicker, William E. Dutton, Charles R. 
Horn, Francis M. Spencer, Alexander WiUey, Stillwater; William R. 
Averill, Abraham Baker. Ivory Barker, Jeremiah Carson, William C. 
Gray. Amariah C. Hopkins, George W. Jackson, James Moran, Samuel 
W. Langley, William Quimby, George F. Hopkins, Nelson Stafford, 
Charles W. Willey, Oldtown; John Estes, Orono; Edward T. Eldridge, 
Orrington; George W. Morrill, Henry Lancaster, Passadumkeag; 
Charles E. Blackwell, Carleton Clapp, Augustine Craig, William H. 
Craig, James W. Fairfield, Nathan W. Jameson, Wyroan B. Mor- 
grage, Daniel Wescott, Patten; Samuel H. Huston, John F. Prescott, 
Irving F. Richford, Jeremiah Towle, Stephen Towle, David Sawyer, 
Plymouth; Silas Hathorn, Charles H. Rollins, Veazie; Charle.*^ L. 
Smart, Whitney Ridge. 

FIFTEENTH RECaMENT INF.\NTRY. 

The regiment was organized at Augusta from the 6th 
to tlie 31st of December, 1861, to serve three years. 
They left for Portland, February 27, 1862, where, after a 
delay of several days, they embarked on board the shijj 
Great Rejaiblic, which conveyed them to Shiji Island, 
Mississijjjii. 

From the 19th of May to the 8th of September, they 
were encamjied at Carrollton, Louisiana, and on the nth 
landed at Pensacola, Florida, where they remained until 
the 2 1 St of June, 1863, when they left for New Orleans, 
arriving the next day, and immediately jnoceeded on a 
reconnoissance to I'hibodeaux, during which they cap- 
tured a large number of the enemy. They returned to 
New Orleans on the 25th, and on the 23d of October 
joined General Banks's expedition to Texas, landing on 
the island of Brazos Santiago on the 2d of November. 
On the 15th they proceeded towards Mustang Island, 
where they landed on the i6th, and on the following 
day formed in line of battle to storm the enemy's works. 
So completely surprised were the rebels at the appear- 
ance of the force before their works, that they immedi- 
ately surrendered. Crossing Aransas Pass to St. Joseph 
Island, on the morning of the 2 2d, and from thence to 
Matagorda Island, they held the advance in the expedi- 
tion against Fort Esperanza, in Matagorda Bay, and ren- 
dered conspicuous service in the capture of that strong- 
hold. While at Matagorda Peninsula, where they 
remained from January 17, 1864, to February 28th, 
three-fourths of the original members of the regiment 
re-enlisted for an additional term of three years. On 
the 28th of February, they left for Algiers, Louisiana, 
arriving on March 3d ; from thence on the 6th [jtoceed- 
ed to Franklin, Louisiana, where they arrived on the 
8th, and were assigned to the Second Brigade, First 
Division, Nineteenth Army Corps. 

On the 15th of March, in common with General 
Banks's forces, they took up the line of march, and on 
the 8th of April jjarticipated in the battle of Pleasant 
Hill. Early on the morning of the loth they com- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



125 



menced falling back, to the Mississippi River, participat- 
ing in the battles of Cane River Crossing (April 23d) 
and.Mansura Plains (May i6th), in both of which bat- 
tles they were subjected to a heavy artillery fire, meeting, 
however, with no casualties, and arrived at Morganza on 
the 20th of May. 

During the month of June they were ordered to New 
Orleans; took transjiorts July 5th for Fortress Monroe, 
Virginia, where, after arrival, six companies were ordered 
to Bermuda Hundred, the remainiui^ companies partici- 
pating in the campaign up the valley, in pursuit of Ear- 
ly's raiders. The command was re-united at Monocacy 
Jun<tion, Maryland, August 4th. 

The regiment having almost unanimously re-enlisted 
as veterans on the 25th of January, 1864, without 
receiving its veteran furlough at that time, received a 
furlough of thirty-five days, August loth, proceeded to 
Augusta, Maine, and returned to the field September 
27 th. 

Early in October the regiment left Harpers Ferry, 
Virginia, and proceeded to Martinsburg, where they 
remained until the 7th of January, 1865. The original 
members of the regiment, who had not re-enlisted and 
whose term of service had expired, were mustered out 
of the United States service, January 18, 1865, by Cap- 
tain James Y. Fitts, Commissary of Musters, Nineteenth 
Army Corps, but the large number of re-enlisted men 
and recruits whose term of service had not expired, 
together with a number of volunteers, drafted men, and 
substitutes, forwarded from Camp Berry, Portland, 
Maine, were sufficient to reorganize the regiment. 

On the 19th of April they were ordered to Washing- 
ton, District of Columbia, and encamped at Tenally- 
town until the 31st of May, when they embarked for 
Savannah, Georgia, arriving on the 4th of Jime. On the 
13th of June they again embarked on board transports 
and proceeded to Georgetown, South Carolina, where 
the regiment was assigned to the Third separate brigade, 
Department of South Carolina. They remained in that 
department engaged in guard and patrol duty until the 
5th of July, 1S66, when they were mustered out of the 
United States service, at Charleston, South Carolina, by 
Major Leslie Smith, ('ommissary of Musters, Depart- 
ment of the Carolinas, in accordance with telegraphic 
instructions from the War Department, dated May 18th, 
1866, after which they proceeded to New York, where 
the men were paid and finally discharged. 

NON-COMMISSIONKD .STAFF. 

(Juarlerm.Tster Serge.int Henry A. Whitney, Orono. 
Commissary Sergeant Fred W. Elder, Dexter. 
Hospital Steward Charles I'. Storer, De.\ter. 
Drum Major John Gould, Bangor. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICF.KS. 

Captain Joseph .■\. Clark. Garland, Co. C. 

Captain John B. Wilson, Exeter, Co. H. 

Captain John B. Nickels, Corinth, Co. H. 

Captain .Alonzo Coan, E.\eter, Co. H. 

Captain Michael Boyce, Bangor, Co. I. 

Captain William H. Boyce. Bangor, Co. I. 

Captain Michael Boyce, Bangor, Co. K. 

First Lieutenant John B. Nickels, Corinth, Co. H. 

First Lieutenant Thomas H. Wentworth, Corinth, Co. H. 

First Lieutenant William H. Carr, (iarland, Co. H. 



First Lieutenant William H. Boyce, Bangor. Co. I. 

First Lieutenant Alonzo Coan, E.veter. Co. K. 

.Second Lieutenant Harrison G. I'rescott, E.wler, Co. H. 

Second Lieutenant Thomas H. Wentworth, Corinth, Co. H. 

Second Lieutenant .-Monzo Coan. lixeter. Co. IL 

NON-COMMISSIONF.D OKFK:i-;us. 

First Sergeant Otis Gilmore, Bangor. 
First .Sergeant Alonzo Coan, E.veter. 
First Sergeant George Smith, Garland. 
I''nst .Sergeant Benjamin True, Garland. 
.Sergeant James F. Doyle, Bangor. 
Sergeant Martin Sweeney, Bangor. 
Sergeant Robert Wilson, Bangor. 
Sergeant Thomas H, Wentworth, Connth. 
.Sergeant Rinaldo Butters. E.MCter. 
.Sergeant Horace Mayo, E.teter. 
Sergeant John L. Russell, E.veter. 
Sergeant Joseph A. Clark, Garland. 
Sergeant William Mansfield, Garland. 
Sergeant Joseph W. SkiUin, Garland. 
Sergeant Giles .Straw. Garland. 
Sergeant Luther V. Gilmore, Holden. 
Sergeant Otis Gilmore. Holden. 
Sergeant Charles F. Jordan, Oldtown. 
Sergeaiit Henry A. Whitney. Orono. 
Corporal Michael Harrington, Bangor. 
Corporal Roderick McNeil, Bangor. 
Corporal .Andrew Cavanah, Bangor. 
Corporal William Chaplin, Bangor. 
Corporal Joshua L. Tebbitts. Bangor. 
Corporal James Garrity, Brewer. 
Corporal Henry W. Gay, Charleston. 
Corporal Evander O. Curtis, Corinth. 
Corporal Jasper J. Fisher. Corinth. 
Corporal Chesley Shaw. Corinna. 
Corporal John L. Russell, E.Keter. 
Corporal Joshua Gammon, Exeter. 
Corporal Byron Lilihy, I'Zxeter. 
Corporal Franklin B. Trickey, Exeter. 
Corporal William H. Carr. Garland. 
C^orporal Joseph A. Clark, Gariand. 
Corporal William Mansfield, Garland. 
C^orporal Joseph W. .Skillin, Garland. 
Corporal George Smith, Garland. 
Corporal (iiles Straw, Garland. 
Corporal Luther V. Gilmore, Holden. 
Corporal Lorenzo D. Page, Kendu-.keag. 
Corporal Seth Salter, Oldtown. 
Corporal Alfred Marshall. Springfield. 
Corporal Charles H. Carpenter, .Stetson. 
Corporal Joseph Davis, Veazie. 
Musician George H. Ferguson, Stetson. 
Wagoner Darius W. Bump, Bradford. 
Wagoner Benjamin T. Hubbartl. Garland. 

PRIVATKS. 

Edward Cyr, Melville Crawford, I'hilip I^anglair, Alton ; James 
Brennan. Michael Battles, John Campbell, lames Campbell. Richard 
Cooper, Richard Donald, Joseph Dailey, Jolin Donroe, Patrick Gavin, 
Martin Higgins, Patrick Jordan, John Kelley, James Logan, Charles 
Murry, John .McKenney, Michael O'Sullivan, Henry H. Howe, Frank 
Howe, Patrick Powers, Charles V. Gray, James Mishoe, Samuel Mil- 
ler, James St. Pierre. John C. Williams. Michael Boyce, Mark W. 
Crocker, George Forrest. Hugh Miller, Joseph W. Williams, William 
H. Boyce. James H. Duffy, Alexander Belonger, George W. Dean. 
Aaron Getchell, Lucius W. Gilbert, .Alexander Niven, George H. 
Rand. Henry Young, Benjamin G. Young, John L. Bonney. Robert 
Clark, John Rutlcdge, Hugh Rutledge. Thomas Hamilton, James 
Hunter. Moses E. Brown. Wellington D. Hunton. Cornelius Mahoney. 
Michael Quigley. William S. Smith, James Sweeney, Thom.as Smith. 
Patrick Somers, Patrick Stone. Michael Shangluissey, Nelson Wiltshin. 
Bangor; Joseph Cyr. Joseph G. Smith. Benjamin F. Ballard, James M. 
Colley, William Farring, Bradley; John Young, John H. French, James 
A. Garland, John Lamphier, .Almon Strout, John T. Baker, Benj.amin 
F. Bowlings, Bradford; John Hanlon. Elias Thayer. George Webster, 
Elisha I'.edell. Edwin B. Bates, James Russell, Charles E. Brown, 
William Barlram. (Jeorge A. Smart, Calvin G. Roberts, Henry Dick- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, 



! 



enson, Brewer; James G. Crawford, James G. Buswell, George A. 
Buck, Henry Tapley, George B. Webber, Carmel ; John Kearney, 
James A. Ballard, Alexander S. Davis, Eugene S. Joselyn, Daniel 

B. Butler, Gershom L. Butler, Stephen W. Girrell, Leonard Jelli- 
son, James Noble, David A. Page, Charleston ; Almon Clark^ 
Alexander Henley, George G. Pierce, Alphonso L. Ober, William 
White. George B. Webber, James Ballard, Martin Boyle, N'ewell ]. 
Bradley, Allan R. Hunting, John D. Hunting, John H. Megguirc, 
Frank P. Roundy, John C. .Sweet, John Walker, Corinth ; Ansel Han- 
nan, John H. Maines, Corinna ; Charles C. Daniels, Fred W. Elder, 
Charles P. Storer, Dexter ; Ira T. Penney, Eddington ; Samuel A. Pres- 
cott, Joel A. Friend, George W. Sylvester, Etna; Alexander Eraser, Henry 
W.Russell, John. Souse, Wm. Willard, Joshua L. Lowell, Charles F. Dear- 
born, George W. Gammon, Charles W. Greely, Jeremiah R. Leathers, 
John C. IJbby, George T. Marsh, Horace L Neal, Samuel Robshaw, 
Asa M. Stevens, Leander M. Tibbetts, Melvm Tibbetts, Exeter; James 
Doyle. BartlettC. Wliite, Greenfield; Robert T. French. AsaH. Hath- 
away, Dennis Griffin. Hollis Mansfield. Austin Ramsdell. Isaac Little- 
field, Seth R. Doan, HenryJ. Brown, Jedediah Cole, Stephen R. Cann. 
Isaac R. Fall. Peleg Fogg. .Samuel Goodwin. Frederic Haskell, Benjamin 

C. Hatch. Newry Ramsdell. Garland ; William H. McGrine. Samuel 
Hutchinson. Henry Pettengill, Ambrose F. Tyler. Frank Page. Lubin P. 
Higgins.John Vassure. Calvin Raynes, Glenburn ; George B. Candage. 
SamuelV. Hartford, Hampden; Charles A. Trask, Holden; James Cham- 
berlain, Josiah M. Goodwin, Eben Robbins, Warren N. Harriman, 
Guslavus V. Wilson, Olivers. Barker, James Chamberlain, jr.. Oscar 
Coombs. Warren Robbins, Hudson ; Albert Brown. Daniel Clement. 
Abner F. Clement, Simeon R. Roberts, Henry J, Hussey. Charles 
O. Turner. Kenduskeag ; Daniel S. Delano, Lee ; Jacob Eldridge, 
George Englehardt. George E. Turner, David Mcintosh. Levant ; 
Alfred Hastings, Jeremy Dupont, James Kearney, Erastus Adams, jr.. 
Jefferson Bowden, George L. Thompson. Lincoln; John .Sutter. Mil- 
ford, John H. Allen, Newburg; William Williams. Newport; Luther 

F. Quimby. Chester S. Mansell, Stephen Burtsell, James M. Phelps. 
George H. Troombly, James Bumham, William Stuart, Andrew J. 
Waltz, William Vancour. Oldtown ; Seth A. Colburn, Fred F. Bond. 
Daniel Peavy. William Butler. George W. Hall, Orono ; James A. 
Sutter. Fred W. Wichman. Thomas Noble, Orrington ; Jeremiah 
F*arevvell. Patten; Moses Miller. Mattawamkeag ; Calvin Cooper, Owen 
Tobin. Plymouth: Charles E. Lewis. Springfield; John P.Abbott. 
Richard H. Daniels. James W. Keyes. Sherman Boobar. Henry Lang- 
ley, Albion K. P. Moore. John McKenney, .Stetson ; Charles Giddes. 
Veazie : William F. Jenkins. Horatio Jenkins. Woodville ; Willard 

G. Wilcox. Winn. 

.SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

TJiis regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, 
August 14, 1862, to serve three years. Left for Washing- 
ton on the 19th and there remained encamped until 
the 7th of September, when, having been assigned to 
Taylor's Brigade of Hooker's Corps, they proceeded to 
Frederick, Maryland, and from ihence to Rappahannock 
Station, Virginia. While there they were transferred to 
Duryea's Brigade of Reynold's Corps, and on the 23d 
arrived at Brooks' Station on the Acquia Creek & 
Falmouth railroad. On the 13th of December they took 
an honorable part in the battle of Fredericksburg, losing 
in killed, wounded and missing 226 men — nearly fifty 
per cent, of their number engaged. On the 14th 
they re-crossed the Rappahannock river, and encamped 
near Fletcher's Chapel, where they remained until the 
28th of April, 1863, when they took part in the Chan- 
cellorsville campaign, and were in position on the ex- 
treme left of the army, at Fitz Hugh's Crossing, three 
miles below' Fredericksburgh, until the 2d of May, on 
which day they marched to the extreme right at Chan- 
cellorsville, and on the 5th re-crossed the river, encamp- 
ing near White Oak Church. 

On the 1 2th of June they proceeded towards Pennsyl- 
vania, arrived at Gettysburg on the ist of July, and then 



were engaged with the enemy every day until the 4U1. At 
the close of the 4th, all that remained for duty of 248, 
officers and men, who entered the engagement on the ist, 
were 2 officers and 15 enlisted men. This remnant of the 
regiment participated in the pursuit of the enemy, reached 
Rajipahannock Station on the morning of the 26th, and 
there remained encamped until the 1st of August. They 
afterwards particijiated in the movement to the Rapidan, 
retreating from the latter place, with the army, on the 9th 
of October. 

They also partici[)ated in the movements against the 
enemy at Mine Run, and on the 30th of November 
formed a part of the charging column intended to storm 
the enemy's works, but the orders being countermanded, 
they returned to Kellys Ford ou the 3d of Deceinber, 
thence on the 24th proceeded to Mitchells Station, where 
they remained encamped until April 26, 1864. 

On the 4th of May they crossed the Rapidan at Ger- 
mania Ford, and bivouacked near Wilderness Church. 
On the 5th, 6th and 7th they engaged the enemy 
at that jjlace, and on the 8th participated in a charge 
on the enemy's lines at Spottsylvania Court House. 
Their loss in killed, wounded and missing was nearly one 
hundred men On the 10th they participated in the 
charge upon the enemy's lines at Laurel Hill, and lost 
50 men, killed and wounded. 

On the 23d they crossed the North Anna river, at Jer- 
icho Ford, and then took part in the engagement which 
occurred there. On the 24th they occupied and de- 
stroyed the railroad, remaining in that vicinity until the 
26th, when they recrossed the river and proceeded to 
Mangohick; thence, on the 28th, down the Pamunky 
river to Hanovertown, where they formed in line of battle 
and erected breastworks. On the 30th, they reported to 
General Lockwood, and took position near Bethesda 
Church, where they remained, engaged in skirmishing and 
throwing up entrenchments, until the 5th of June. On 
the 1 6th they crossed the James river, and advanced to 
near Petersburg, (jn the 17th, they supported the Ninth 
Army Corps; paiticijjated in an assault on the enemy's 
works, which was partially successful, and gained 
jjossession of the Norfolk railroad. On the i8th of 
August they took an active part in the attack and cap- 
ture of the W'eldon Railroad, losing a number of officers 
and enlisted men taken prisoners, and thirty wounded. 
They remained in position at the "Yellow House" until 
the 25th, when, with their division, they were withdrawn 
to the rear as a reserve. 

On the 15th of September they made a successful re- 
connoissance in the direction of the South Side Railroad; 
and on the 16th were assigned to garrison Fort Wads- 
worth, on the Weldon Railroad, which they occupied till 
the 5th of December, when they rnoved to the Jerusalem 
Plank Road. In the meanwhile the Second Company 
of Unassigned Infantry, organized at Augusta, Maine, 
September 23, 1864, to serve one year, joined the regi- 
ment, and was assigned as Comjjany A. On the 7th of 
December they formed a jwrt of the expedition to the 
Weldon Railroad and participated in its destruction, re- 
turning to their position near the Jerusalem Plank Road 



HISTORY OK PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



127 



on the 1 2th, and there remained, performing the usual 
routine of camp duty, until the sth of February, 1865. 

On the 6th and 7th of February they participated in 
an engagement near Hatchers Run, losing 3 men 
killed, 60 wounded, and 11 missing, and returned 
to their camp near the Weldon Railroad on the nth. On 
the 31st of March they participated in the battle of 
tlravelly Run, losing i man killed, 4 wounded, and 
24 missing, and on the ist of April in the capture 
of the enemy's works near the South Side Railroad, 
their casualties in the latter engagement being 1 man 
killed and 12 wounded. On the 2d of April they 
joined in the pursuit of Lee's torces to Appomattox 
Court House, where they remained until the 15th, when 
they proceeded towards Manchester. They remained at 
Manchester until May 6th, and on that day left for 
Washington, L)istrict of Columbia, where they remained 
encamped at Balls Cross Road until June 5th, when in 
compliance with orders from the War Department, the 
regiment was mustered out of the United States service 
by Captain Walter F. Chesley, .Assistant Commissary of 
Musters, and on the 6th of June placed en route for the 
State Rendezvous, at .Vugusta, Maine, where the men 
were paid and finally discharged. The officers and men 
whose term of service did not expire prior to October i, 
1865, were transferred to the Twentieth Maine Volun- 
teers. 

FIELD OFFICERS. 

LiciUcnaiU-L'ulunel .\ugustus B. Farnhani, B.ii.gor. 
Major .\iigu-slLis li. Kariiham, 15aiigor. 

COMI^ANY A. 

I'KIVATKS. 

I'reeman Brackett, Marcus D. Kingsbury, Richard .Soule, Bradford ; 
Hugh Conway, Hampden; James Fahey, David D. Hanson, Milton 
W. Ricl<er, George Hart, Bangor; Willard Lancaster, Hudson; James 
I.attaie, Mattamiscontis; .Austin I^oor, Patten; James S. Kyle, Chester; 
Janu-s I.eavitt, Lincoln. 

COIVIPANY B. 
PRIVATES. 

(jeury<* .\. Bagley, Henry Mansfield, Greenbush; Fiyron B. Brown, 
Jc)M'|)h H. .Survey, .Mden Hackett, Patten; Zebulon VVhiltaker, Clifton; 
Gilman Lawrence, .Newport; Asa C. Lampher, Bradford; Willianj B. 
Monroe, Greenfield; Prank B. Miller, Orono; Charles L. Peasley, lin- 
fu-ld; Joseph Wilson, Hudson; Peter Bull, Charles and Walter k. 
Chamberlain, Leonard H. L'lapp, Stillman V. Davis, .Alson L. Day, 
Cyrtis Kinery, .Abner K. Hall. James and William D. Keliev, Joseph K. 
IVlkev, Richard fJ. Porter, .Albert Rainer, Charles G. Reed, Bangor; 
Nelson A. i'owcrs, Medway. 

COMPANY C. 

PRIVATES. 

Seth .Mien. HoiaceKellogg, Russell D. Loyal, Patten; Alfred Bishop, 
William Brown, Frederick Bishop, Edward C. Cook, Milton W. kicker, 
B.ingor; Elias Huiuphrey, Hampden; Calvin A. Glidden, Plymouth; 
|olm W. and -Andrew Dillingham, John D. Graves, Hermon; Martin 
Harmon, Winn; Charles W. Hanson, Lincoln; William IL Reed, 
Stetson: John O. .Allen, Lowell; Robert .M. Smith, John C. Hinkley, 
jr., Leonard Gross, William Farrar, Oldtown; James H. Fir.ickett, 
Otis (letchell, Thomas G. Erskine, Alton; Nathaniel Lamb, Thomas 
O. Freeman, Greenbush. 

COMPANY D. 
PRIVATES. 

Albion K. Daggett, Benjamin F. Grant, Ch.arles Marshall, George 
k. Mann, Theodore M.alone, .Alexander F. Mylne, John Mahoney, 
James McPlierson, Bangor; Albert M. Coffin, Carroll; Horatio W. 
Inman, Ch.arles H. Kneeland, Howard Mallett, Lee; ICdward P. Sil - 
ley, l.owill; losepli W. I 'arsons, Hermon. 



COMPANY E. 

NON-COM MISSIONKI) Dl.Fll'ERS. 

.Sergeant Hiram H. Houston, Newport. 
Coiporal George W. Williams, Newport. 
Musician Charles tL Ring, Newport. 

PRIVATES. 

Charles .Abbott, Horace W. Bolton, Lorraine A. Daniels, Jeremiah 
Grindell, jr., Joseph F. Knight, Charles C. Lyon, Melbourne C. 
Spalding, Andrew J. Tibbetts, Clark R. Towle, Mark Towie, Newjjort; 
Isaac .Arnold, Joseph T. .Arnold, Bradford; Daniel O. Bickmore, Wil- 
liam O. Burnham, Daniel Davis, William Dickey, Moses Haskins, 
Oldtown; Luther J. Babcock, Edinburg; Elbridge P. Crocker, l^owell; 
William H. Crabb, Franklin .N. Baston, James Fahey, George Hart, 
John Hayden, Hugh Kelley, Rcuel Phillips, .Abner W. Perkins, Frank 
A. Roberts, Paul Sideau, Henry J. Smith, William VV. .Smith, Bangor; 
Daniel Davis 2d, Winn; I^enuiel N. Cole, .Samuel Patndge, Hamp- 
den; Isaac H. Fairbrolher, William H. Hanscom, Samuel W. Page, 
.Samuel S. Sumner, Orono; James Howard, jr., Medway; Andrew J. 
Riuuiells, PaltagLuupus; Henry .A. Doir, Brewer. 

COMPANY K. 

PRIVATES. 

Warren Butters, Exeter; Theodore Russell, Samuel Pierce, Hudson; 
Thomas J. Gould, Dixmont; Benjamin F. Grant, Bradford; Edwin G. 
Hammond, Lincoln; Thomas D. Page, Burlington; Lloyd D. Rowe. 
Charles E. Rogers, .Springfield; William H. Speed, Charleston; Gorge 
W. Tucker, Lee; Alfred N. Grossman, Alton; .Stewart N. Inman, 
Desira S. \'eancour, Orono; Ciiarles Keisser, Kenduskeag; John F. 
Murphy, .Andrew J. Smith, Joel Tibbetts, Michael O'Conner, Bangor; 
Henry Oban, Oldtown; .Albert Pickering, Holden; Alonzo .S. Withee, 
Glenburn. 

COMPANY G. 

PRIVATES. 

Michael Doyle, (ieorge .A. Field, Brewer; Isaiic Holbrook, Ply- 
mouth; Amasa P. Libby, Chester Nelson, Lincoln; Isaiah Lyons, 
Springfield; .Samuel Merritt, Laforest F. CJifford, Bangor, Russell F. 
Parkman, Zoeth E. Stubbs, C'orinna ; William S. Rogers, Carmel ; 
Davids. Scott, Chester; Wallace L. Holmes, Levant; Rodney Leavitt, 
Drew Plantation ; David B. Longee, Plymouth ; William McBrien, 
Oldtown ; Albert Treat, Bradford. 

COMPANY H. 
LUM.MISSIONEI) OFFICEKS. 

Captain John .Ayer, Bangor. 

Captain John D. Conley, Bangor. 

I-'irst Lieutenant Israel H. Washburn, Orono. 

.Second Lieutenant Israel H. Washburn, Orono. 

.Second Lieutenant John D. ConJey, Bangor. 

NON-COM MISSIUN ED OFFICERS. 

.Sergeant [ohn D. Conley^ Bangor. 
Corporal Stephen Hines, Bangor. 
Corporal Thomas D. Witherly, Bangor. 
Corporal Nelson Hewey, Veazie. 
Corporal Frederick L. Ladd, KendusktMg. 

PRIVATES. 

Ezekiel M. Banks, John H. Everett, Leonard E. Kenniston, Thomas 
IC. Kenniston, William B. Nason, Kenduskeag; Dudley B. Dean, Wat- 
son D. Bean, MosesJ. Rubert, John L. Sawyer, Passadumkeag; [ohn 
M. Durgin, Charles Hathorn, Ve.azie; Timothy A. George, Holden; 
James H. Thayer, Roscoe T. Griflin, Clarence L. Hodsdon, Wilham G. 
Fisher, James Maloney, David McElroy, Jasper H. Nash, Michael 
Carey, Edwin W. Hamilton, Charles E. Hatch, John J. Maiston, 
Martin VV. Dugan, (Seorge W. Felker, John Farley, .Albert Garland, 
Albert Hoyt, Henry A. Heal, Bangor; William E. Annis, Charles B. 
Dore, Hermon; Wilbur F. Chase, Chester; Joseph Simpson, Corinth; 
Lyman .Smith, Mt. Desert; Martin L. Whitlen, Etna; Joseph A. Gray, 
Plymouth; James J. Kingsbury, Holden; Dennis A. Jenkins, Wood- 
ville; Retire Freese, jr., Lagrange. 

COMPANY I. 

PRIVATES. 

Thomas Foley, Corinth; Petet B. Brann, .Andrew |. Brycr, Charles 
L. ('ummings, (Jeorge Clark, James T. Dilling, Augustus c. Lincoln, 
Muses Tarbox, jr., Ralph VV\nian, Joliii W. Worcester, Daniel Mc- 



128 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Neil, Leonard P. Martin, Bangor; Jeremiah Banks, James Dutton, 
Woodville; William D. Blayden, Hudson; Asa Booker, Exeter; Ira 
Barnes, Josiah Collins, Lee; Josiah Cornish, Medway; William Frazier, 
jr., Reuel M. Whittier, Hernion; James Sentlen, Burlington; Moses 
Spencer, Corinna; John B. Wentworth, Orrington; William W. Rob- 
bins, Patten; Albert Lyshon, Oldtown; Gorham McPhcters, John Mc- 
Pheters, Orono. 

COMI'ANY K. 

I'KIVATES. 

Walter M. Browne, Hezekiah Browne, Lee; John B. Bumiiy, Daniel 
Bell, Joseph Bell, jr., Charles Emerson, Hazen M. Shaw, Orono; Calvin 
W. Heath, George F. Hill, John F. Cloyes, George C. Biiir, George L. 
Cole, John Curran, Frederick C. Robinson, Eli C. Lyons, Frank Pooler, 
Gilbert Simons, William Gilbert, Bangor; Edwin A. Bennett, No. 2, 
R. 3; Silas C. Doblc, Roscoe Doble, Isaac Drew, Lincoln; Samuel A. 
Foster, Hampden; George W. Fisher, Brewer; Levi R. Gray, Oldtown; 
Augustus Hines. Etna; John T. Nason, Bradley. 

SEVENTEENTH RECHiMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Portland, Maine, in Au- 
gust, 1862, to serve three years, and left August 21st for 
Washington, District of Columbia., where they occupied the 
line efforts on the east side of the Anacosta and north side 
of the Potomac rivers, until the 7th of October, when they 
crossed into Virginia and joined General Berry's Brigade 
of Birney's Division. They participated in the battle of 
Fredericksburgh on the 13th of December, losing 2 men 
killedand 19 wounded. On the 15th they re-crossed the 
Rappahannock, and remained encamped at Falmouth, 
Virginia, until the 1st of May, 1S63, when they took part in 
the Chancellorsville camijaign, engaged the enemy on 
the 2d and 3d, and re-crossed the river on the 6th. 
Their casualties in the campaign were i commissioned 
officer and 3 enlisted men killed, 5 commissioned officers 
and 59 enlisted men wounded, and 45 taken prisoners. 

On the 2nd of July they arrived at Gettysburg, 
and were engaged with the enemy on that and the fol. 
lowing day, losing in the engagement i officer and 17 
enlisted men killed, 7 officers and 105 enlisted men 
wounded, and 2 taken prisoners. 

On the 27th of November they took a prominent part 
in the battle of "Oiange Grove," in which their loss was 
1 officer killed and 2 wounded, 6 enlisted men killed, 
42 wounded and i missing. On the 1st of December 
they returned to Brandy Station, ind there remained en- 
camped until the 25th of March, 1864, when they were 
assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division of the 
Second Army Corps. 

On the 3d day of May they advanced towards the 
Rapidan, which they crossed on the 4th, and partici- 
pated in the battle of the Wilderness on the :5th and 6tli. 
Their casualties during the two days were 24 men killed, 
147 wounded, and 12 missing. On the 12th they partici- 
pated in the charge of the Second Corps upon the 
enemy's lines, losing 3 men killed, 40 wounded and 10 
missing. From this time until the 21st, the regiment, 
although under fire a large portion of the time, did 
not suffer any loss. On the 23d they joined the 
Fi'th Corps near the North Anna river, and participated 
in a charge which resulted in driving the enemy across 
the river and gaining possession of the bridge, losing 
during the day 4 men killed and 17 wounded. 

On the 2d of June they marched to Cold Harbor, 
and on the 3d and 4th were tmder fire in the re- 



serve, several men being wounded by shells. On the 
5th, 129 men were transferred to this regiment from the 
Third Maine volunteers. They remained in the works 
near Barker's Mills until June 12th, when they moved 
towards Petersburg, crossing the Chickahominy on the 
13th and the James on the 14th. On the 16th they 
made two unsuccessful attempts to capture the enemy's 
works, in which their loss was 7 killed, 48 wounded and 
5 missing; and on the i8th in an assault upon the enemy's 
lines, they lost 6 men killed and 18 wounded. From this 
time until July 25th they were engaged in erecting forti- 
fications and do'ing picket duty. On the 26th they 
joined in the expedition across the Ajipomatto.x and 
James rivers to Strawberry Plains, returning on the 28th. 
Subsequently they encamped near Fort Sedgwick, where 
they remained until February 5, 1865, in the meanwhile 
taking part in the raid on the Weklon Railroad, under 
General Warren. On the 5th of February they moved 
to Hatchers Run, and participated in all the movements 
and engagements of the Second Cor|js in that vicinity 
until the 29th of March, when they re-crossed Hatchers 
Run. Early on the morning of the 30th they ad- 
vanced upon the enemy in line of battle, and secured a 
position by throwing up earthworks. At night they 
moved to the left, and took position near the Boydton 
road. On the 1st of May they left Burksville for Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, arriving in that city on the 
15 th. 

On the 4th of June the regiment was mustered out 
of the United States service at Baileys Cross Roads by 
Captain Charles H. Hayes, Assistant Commissary of 
Musters, under the provisions of War Department Gen- 
eral Order No. 94, series of 1865, and in pursuance of 
Cleneral Order No. 140, Headquarters Army of the Po- 
tomac, 1865. On the day of muster-out they left for 
Maine, and arrived at Portland on the 8th, where the 
men were paid and finally discharged on the loih. The 
officers and enlisted men whose term of service did not 
e.xpire prior to October i, 1865, were transferred to the 
First regiment Maine heavy artillery. 

.STAFF OFFICKK. 

.\ssistant Surgeon Louis E. Norris, Hampden. 
COMPANY A. 

PRIVATES. 

J.uiies I'icketl, Charles Beal, David Berry, Orrin M. Crumniett, .\1- 
bion T. Carter, Benjamin A. Clifford, James Flye, Roswell Read, Janie 
Hennessy, Bangor; Jeremiah B. Atkins, Levant; Oscar F. Abbott, 
Charles H. Beal, Nevvburgh; Nathaniel .A.Atkins, Exeter; John O- 
.Adams, Warren Bates, jr., Veazie; Edwin P. Boobier, Mattamiscontis; 
George W. Brown, .\lton; David L. lioyd, Kenduskeag; Walter H. 
Randall, Dixinont. 

COMPANY 13. 

PRIVATES. 

Llewellyn Cleaveland, Orrington; Ezra T. Carpenter, George W. 
Chase, Charleston; Orr Cunnningham, Greensbush; Albert P. Clark, 
Charles Clark, Corinth; Andrew I. Chadbourne, Bradford; Lawrence 
Connor, Veazie; Dennis Cronan, Orono; John T. Clark, Corinna; John 
N. Curtis, Dexter. 

COMPANY C. 

PRIVATES. 

lulward L. Blake, William F. Frost, Biewer; Peter W. Guthrie, 
Andrew M. Garhiiid, Charles D. Mowey, Daniel Young, A. G. Fur- 
busli, lamii ll.iriett, .Alonzo J. Morrison, Charles H. Patten, William 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



129 



A. Sibley, 'rrislruni H. Warren, John Williams, Bangor; John B. 
Crockett, Cyrus W. Emerson, Stetson; Alpheus Downs, John Don- 
ovan, Benjamin Eddy, Kenduskeag; Thomas J. Chase, Carmel; Wil- 
lavd K Campbell, Clifton; John H. Davis, Orono; Charles Dearborn, 
\'cazie; William T. Fletcher, Greenbush; Maik W. Furbush, James 
M. Mitchell, Bradford; James P. Flagg, Stephen Richards, Oldtown; 
Edward Gilkey, Holden. 

COMPANY- D. 

PRIVATES. 

Joshua L. Farrar, I'^llis .\. Ciilman, Corinth; Sylvester Bunipus, Lee; 
Marsliall A. Grant, Hermon; Albert Grant, Hudson; Moses Goss, 
Gorham 1'. Hubbard, Charleston; Lincoln (}iven. Brewer; Samuel .S. 
Gilpatrick, Veazie; Martin .A. Hardy, Carmel; Greenlicf Haney, Kcn- 
duske.ag; Thomas B. Hamilton, Bethuel Heath, James H. Thompson, 
Bangor; Edward I-. Hunt, Oldtown. 

COMPANV E. 

rRIV.VTES. 

.N'elson Hart. William L. Hodsdon, John F. Johnston, William Land, 
Charles E. Lord. Robert Mctjregor, Thomas M. Blake, Eliphalet Emery, 
Isaac W. Sanborn, Bangor; Thomas D. Jordan, Exra Mitchell, Old- 
town; Tobias E. Johnson, Veazie; John A. Joselyn, ICxeler; George W. 
Kiaser, Hudson; Charles Kimball, Carmel; John W. Kingsbury, 
Bradford; William A. Langley, Stetson. 

COMPANY F. 

PRIVATES. 

ICdward .\llen, Frank Davis, Bangor; .Archibald McPhetres, D. 
.MiTrifield, George H. Thompson, Orono; Patrick McOvery, Charles- 
ton; John Mcpherson. Carmel; Nathan L. Marden. Veazie; .Augustus 
.A. McClure, Samuel J. Lee, Hudson; Richard E. Myrick, Mt. Chase; 
Charles O. Perry, Brewer; Charles H. Tuck, Lee. 

COMPANY G. 

PRIVATES. 

.Alden M. Brown, Plymouth; William H. Curtis, Dexter; Randall 
N. Cochran, Jelhro S. Getcliell, William Perkins, Thomas Patten, 
Charles Randlelt, John Robinson, William Ritchie, Thomas W. Bill- 
ings, Warren .Sturdivant, Bangor; Benjamin Estes, David Legrow, 
Orono; Clifton C. Huckins, Charleston; Joseph A. Merrill, William 
(;. Peake, .Alton; George Ordway, Exeter; Isaac H. Philbrook, Green- 
field; Ichabod F. Partridge, Samuel Raynes, Carmel; A. H. Quimby, 
John G. Hammons, Etna; Calvin H. Kowe, Bradford; Alonzo E. 
Randall, Dixmont; Moses McPheters. Greenbush; George R. Sibley, 
Enfield. 

COMPANY H. 

PRIVATES. 

(-'arrol (i. Bicklortl, John 1 'arrigan, Moses L. .Strickland, Bangor; 
.Asbrcy F. Haynes, Benjamin F, Welch, Passadumkeag; Moses 
Ranney, jr.. Stetson; Roswell W. Rich, lixeter; Willis .A. Rollins, 
Corinth; Jeremiah .Smith, Mattawamkeag; Charles I.. Sanford, Brad- 
ford; Newell Scribner, Charleston; Charles Sloneman, .Alton; David 
Southard, Thomas Benjamin, Bradford: Joseph H. Shapleigh, Veazie; 
Hollis B. .Spaulding, Oldtown; George H. Thompson, Orono; Dennis 
Higgins, Hampden; Benjamin Kimball, Koyal M. Kneeland, Frank 
Paul, Lincoln; Edward York, Corinth. 

COMPANY I. 

PRIV.\TES. 

Stephen Silk, Frederick A. McKenney, Martin Welch, Bangor; Asa 
V. Smith. William Thomas, Veazie; .Amos B. Stearns, Timothy Whit- 
ney, Hudson; Daniel W. Sylvester, Albion Stevens, Joseph Souther, 
Stetson; Samuel E. Stone, Lewis P. Hambert, Brewer; I^evi C. Titus, 
Exeter; Isaac L. Twombly, Milford; John Sawyer, Hampden; Joseph 
O. Turner, Lincoln; Daniel Washburn, Oldtown; Lyman F. White, 
Uradford. 

CO.MPANY K. 

COM.MISSIONED OFllrEK. 

Captain James O. Thompson, Etna. 

PRIVATES. 

I-'leazcr Hutchinson, Orrison Ripley, Lincoln; Nathaniel F. Lambert, 
Hudson; James O. Thompson, Etna. 

NINETEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at li;itli, Maine, August 
25, 1862, to serve three years, and left on the 27th Cor 

"7 



Washington, arriving in that city on the 29th. They 
crossed to the Virginia side of" the river and were as. 
signed to garrisoning Foits Baker, Davis, Duj^ont, and 
Mahan, where they remained until the latter jiart of Sej)' 
tember, when they marched to Frederick, Maryland, 
which place they left October 3d, for H irper's Ferry, 
where they were attached to Gorman's Brigade, in How- 
ard's Division. 

During a successful reconnoissance in force October 
1 6th, to Charleston, they were for the first time under 
fire, and acted creditablv. On their return they went to 
Bolivar Heights. 

On November 23d they were enraniped about five 
miles from Fredericksburg, and on December 13th jjartici- 
jsated in the battle at that place. On the isth they re- 
crossed the river and went into camp near Falmouth, 
where they remained tintil the close of April, 1863. 
- On the 27th of April, with their division, they were or- 
dered to co-operate with General Sedgwick in the attack 
upon the heights of Fredericksburg, and w'ere assigned 
the duty of guarding the telegraphic communication be- 
tween the left wing of the army and General Hooker's 
headquarters, in which position they remained until May 
3d, when they were ordered to Fredericksburg, and on 
the 5th removed the jiontoon bridge at that jilace, under 
a severe fire from the enemy. 

On the ist of July they arrived at (iettysburg and on 
the 2d and 3d were hotly engaged with the enemy. 
They went into action with 440 officers and men, and 
their loss during the two days was 12 officers and 220 
enlisted men killed and wounded. Subsequently they 
crossed into Virginia by way of Harper's Ferry, ]and on 
the 13th of September co-operated with General Gregg's 
cavalry across the Rappahannock, compelling the enemy 
to fall back beyond Culpeper. They remained on duty 
on the Rajjidan until October 8th, when they returned 
to Culjjeper, and on the 12th engaged the enemy at 
Bristow Station, losing man killed and 13 wounded. 
November 26tli they joined in the movement to "Mine 
Run," and on the 6th of December went into camp at 
Stevensburg, where they remained until May 3, 1864. 
On May 4th they crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and 
on the 5th and 6th were engaged with the enemy at 
Todd's Tavern and at the Wilderness. Their loss in the 
several engagements was very severe. On May loth 
they formed a portion of a column which twice assaulted 
the enemy's position across the Po River, and on the 
1 2th participated in the famous assault of the Second 
Corps. On the 24th they were engaged with the enemy 
at the North Anna river, crossed the Pamunkey river 
on the morning of the 28th, and on the ist of June 
participated in the engagement near Bethesda Church. 
On the 3d they stormed the enemy's works at Cold Har- 
bor and lay under a galling fire all day. On the 13th 
of June they jnoceeded towards Petersburg, went into 
position in front of that city on the 15th, formed. the 
extreme right of the assaulting column on the i8lh, and 
afterwards participated in the attack ujjon the enemy's 
inner line of works. On the 2 2d of June they jiartici- 
pated in the engagement near the Jerusalem I'lank Road, 



13° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



during which their casualties were numerous and many 
being prisoners. On the 26th of July they joined in the 
movement to Deep Bottom, enyai^ed the enemy at that 
place, and returned in front of Petersburg on the 30th, 
where they remained encamped until the 15th of August, 
when they again proceeded to I )eep Bottom, returning 
on the 2rst. On the 23d they proceeded to Ream's 
Station, and on the following day were engaged in the 
destruction of the Weldon Railroad. On the 25th they 
were engaged with the enemy and returned to Petersburg 
on the 26th. Their loss in this engagement was heavy. 

On the 20th of September they moved into the line 
in the immediate front of Petersburg, where they were 
exposed to the fire of artillery and sharp.shooters day 
and night until the 26th of October, when they marched 
across the Weldon Railroad, and on the 27th participated 
in the engagements at Hatcher's Run and near the 
Boydton Plank Road. 

On the 3is*t of October they occupied Fort Haskell, 
in the front line, exposed as before to the continued fire 
of artillery and sharpshooters, and remained there un- 
til the 30th of November. On that day they moved to 
near Patrick Station, the terminus of the Grant Railroad, 
and went into winter quarters. 

The regiment left camp May 3, 1864, with 22 officers 
and 46S enlisted men. Of tlie 277 men transferred, 
June iSth, from the Fourth Maine Volunteers, there were 
in the field, 57 men. A new company, the Fifth of 
Unassigned Infantry, organized at Augusta, Maine, 
October 5, 1864, to serve one, two, and three years, 
joined the regiment, October 22d, with 3 officers and 64 
enlisted men; making a total of 25 officers and 589 en- 
listed men. The casualties during the year 1864 were 
as follows: Killed inaction, 61 men; wounded and died 
of wounds, I officer, 39 men; wounded exclusive of 
those died of wounds, 16 officers, 283 men; taken pris- 
oners by the enemy, i officer, 133 men. 

On the ist of January, 1865, the regiment was en- 
camped in front of Fort F^mory, near Petersburg, Vir- 
ginia, and remained there until February 5th, when, with 
their division, they joined in the movement to Hatchers 
Run, and there remained encaiiijied until the 29th of 
March. On that day they marched out on the Vaughan 
road and made a successful reconnoissance to Dabney's 
Mills, which position they occujjied without opposition. 
On the 30th and 31st of March they were engaged with the 
enemy at Fort Powell, which they entered on the 2d of 
April, and afterwards joined in the pursuit of Lee's 
forces, overtaking them near Amelia Court House on the 
6th of April and pursuing them all day. On the 7th of 
April they had a spirited engagement with the enemy at 
High Bridge on the Lynchburg Railroad, and saved 
from destruction the railroad and foot bridges across the 
stream. 

On the 2d of May they left Burksville for Washington, 
District of Columbia, and encamped at Baileys Cross 
Roads on the 15th. 

In obedience to orders, the regiment was there nms- 
tered out of the LTnited States service, May 31st, by 
Captain H. Y. Russell, Assistant Commissary of Musters. 



The officers and men whose term of service did not ex- 
pire prior to October ist, 1865, were transferred to the 
First Regiment Maine Heavy Artillery. The regiment left 
camp for home June ist; arrived on the 4th, at .'\ugusta, 
Maine, where the men were paid and finally discharged 
on the 7th. 

STAFF OFFICERS. 

Assistant .Surgeon Fred G. P.irker, .Stetson. 
Hospital Steward Delon H. .\bbott, Orono. 

COMPANY A. 

PRIV.\TES. 

Henr\- 11. Laneaster, Stetson: Richard .Mlurn. Ranger: Jeremiah 
Avery, Greenfield; George Eil<er, Glenljtirn; William Babcock, New- 
burg. 

COMPANY B. 

PRIVATES. 

Edgar S. Batchelder, Garland; William P. Howe, Charles F. Jewell, 
Dixmont; David King, Jason S. Russell, Benjamin F. Call, .4bijah M. 
Clay, George Drake, Judson De.vter, David Estes, John Elden, George 
W. Field, Ezabulon Robinson, Bangor; Charles H. Prescott, Edwin 
Smith, .Albert .Staples, Newburg; Sylvanus (". Rose, Bradley; William 
'i'. Smith, Hampden. 

COMPANY C. 

PRIVATES. 

William H. Ames, Plymouth: James H. Flanders, Garland; David 
E. Cunnitigham, Bradford; Charles A. Rowes, Eddington; Don Car- 
los St. Clair, Brewer; Alney W. Titus, De.\ter; William M. White, 
D.ivid Hewy. Moses H. Hubbard, .Samuel I'. Eanib, Bangor. 

COMPANY D. 
PRIVATES. 
William F. Moody, James Redikin, Bangor; Emery .A. McAllister, 
Milford. 

COMPANY E. 

PRIVATES. 

.Sewall B. Blake, Dexter; Reuben Knowles, jr. , Joseph March, Win- 
field; .S. Treat, David Howey, Moses H. Hubbard, ICrnest Merton, 
Bangor; Simon H. W^illey, Exeter; Kingsbury Tibbetts, Springfield; 
Isaac L. .Sanborn, Newport. 

COMPANY F. 

PKIV.VTES. 

Charles F. Clark, William Howard, Bangor; Timothy Murphy, 
Orono; Frank A. Curtis, Horatio N. Washburn, Bangor; Luther 
Wheaton, Joshua B. Whitney, Greenbush. 

COMPANY G. 

PRIVATES. 

Orrin Bridges, Alonzo Cummings, Cornelius C'armody, James S. 
Spencer, Richard .Mlum, Bangor; Jeremiah Towle, Enfield; Elisha P. 
Smith, Chester; Mellen Eastman, Charleston, Hejiry Crosby, Hamp- 
den; George Biher, Glenburn. 

COMPANY H. 

PRIV.\TES. 

James Wyman, Hermon; Columbus G. Bradford, Byron G. Waters, 
Patten; Frank Fields, Charles B. Whitney, Levi M. Reed, Lee; Ben- 
jamin F. Leavitt, Levant; John McLaughlin, Springfield; George A. 
Rines, Charles Rose, George Cox, Bangor; Stephen H. Merrow, Old- 
town. 

COMPANY I. 

PRIVATES. 

Joseph Broathvay, Orono; .Vndrew J. Miles, Elijah Ware, John B. 
Walker, Oldtown; John H. Sanders, Lincoln; William H. Sperrin, 
Milford: Edwin Savage, Chester; Alfred B. Towle, Lagrange; Lyman 
P. Fowles, Edgar A. .Stanley, Edward E. Kent, Brev\cr; Frank Flye, 
John H. Saunders, Eangor; Theodore M. Wragg, Lowell; Edward 
York, Hermon. 

COMPANY K. 

PRIVATES. 

James H. Knights, .Mbert G. Rand, Bangor; Charles M. Dorrity, 
Corrnth; Charles B. Flinn, Levant; Charles Holmes, Willis M. Porter, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



131 



James Sniilh, Oldlown; Josiali H. Porter, Elisha Simpson, John 
Simpson, hradford; Newell B. Tilton, Etna; Amos M. Page, Kendus- 
keag; Solomon T. Trott, Amos C. Trott, Winn. 

TWENTIETH REGIMENT 1NF.\NTRV, 

This regiment was organized at Portland, Maine, 
August 29, 1862, to serve three years. Left September 
3d, for Boston, whence they sailed in the steamer Mer- 
rimac for Alexandria, Virginia, arriving on the 6th, and 
proceeding the ne.xt day to Washington, where they went 
into camp near the arsenal grounds. In a few days 
they marched rapidly toward the field of active opera- 
tions in Maryland, until they reached the battlefield of 
.\ntietam, and were drawn up in line of battle, but not 
ordered forward, being a portion of Butterfield's Brigade, 
of Porter's Division, which was held in reserve. They 
afterwards encamped near Antietam Ford. 

At the battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of De- 
cember, they were under fire for the first time, and 
rendered conspicuous service, being under the hottest 
fire for thirty-six hours, after which they were withdrawn 
to the city, where they bivouacked a few hours, then re- 
crossed the river and encamped near Falmouth, where 
they remained until the battle of Chancellorsville, in 
May, 1863. During the battle of Chancellorsville they 
were detached to guard the telegraph line, and although 
exposed to artillery fire, suffered no loss. On the 20th 
of May they joined in the movement towards Pennsyl- 
vania, engaged the enemy near Middleborough, Virginia, 
on the 2ist of June, and after a sharp fight drove them 
to Upperville, losing in the engagement i man killed and 
8 wounded. They arrived on the battlefield of Gettys- 
burg on the 2d of July, and on that day were hotly en- 
gaged with the enemy, losing 3 commissioned officers 
killed and 134 enlisted men killed and wounded. On 
the 3d they were under heavy fire of artillery, but took 
no active part, and on the 5th joined in the pursuit of 
the enemy ; participated in a skirmish on the Sharpsburg 
Prke, on the loth, and took part in the affair at \Yapping 
Heights on the 23d. Returning from Manassas Oap, 
they encamped at \Varrenton and Beverly Ford until 
the 1 6th of September, when they moved beyond Cul- 
peper. On the loth of October they participated in 
the movement to the Rapidan, retreating the next day 
through Culpeper, across the Rappahannock river, and 
supported the Second Corps in the engagement at Bris- 
tow Station, on the 13th. 

On the 7th of November they took part in the assault 
and capture of the enemy's works at Rappahannock 
Station, losing i man killed and 7 wounded, and after- 
wards moved across the river at Kelleys Ford. On the 
28th they joined in the movement to the Rapidan, where 
they were in |)osition before the enemy's works until De- 
cember 3d, when they formed the rear guard ot their 
corps on the retreat from that place, and on the next day 
went into camp near Rappahannock Station, \'irginia. 
They remained in winter quartets at Ra]jpahannock Sta- 
tion until May i, 1864. On the 4th of May they 
crossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford, and on the fol- 
lowing day were hotly engaged with the enemy on the 
left of Locust Grove Road, with a loss of i officer and 



10 men killed, 58 men wounded, and 16 missing. On 
the 6th of May they remained in line of battle in front 
of the works, losing 2 men killed and 10 wounded. On 
the 7th they advanced upon the enemy's line to ascer- 
tain his position and force, and were withdrawn after a 
loss of 2 officers killed and i wounded, and 2 enlisted 
men killed and i o wounded. On the 8th they proceeded 
to Spottsylvania Court House, and formed in line of bat- 
tle at Laurel Hill. They were then ordered to report to 
General Crawford, commanding Second Division, Fifth 
Corps; advanced toward the enemy, and lay under a 
heavy fire until 6 r. m., when they assisted in repelling 
the enemy's charge, losing i officer and 5 men killed, 2 
officers and 13 men wounded, and 2 men missing. 

From the 13th to the 20th they occupied rifle pits in 
front of the enemy near Spottsylvania, and lost 4 men 
killed. On the 23d they crossed the North Anna river, 
and participated in the action at that place; thence 
pushed on to the Virginia Central Railroad, a part of 
which they destroyed. 

On the 30th they advanced towards Hanover Court 
House, skirmishing with the enemy and forcing him back 
during the entire day. Fighting being renewed on the 
3d of June, they again engaged the enemy and assisted 
in compelling them to fall back to the rear of a swamp 
to a second line of works, losing 2 enlisted men killed, 
I officer and 23 men wounded, and i missing. On the 
13th they crossed the Chickahominy, and arrived in front 
of Petersburg on the i8th, where they remained en- 
trenched and under fire until August x 5th, when they were 
withdrawn, and on the iSth assisted in the capture of the 
Weldon Railroad. They remained on the Weldon Rail- 
road until September 30th, when they moved with their 
division and charged the enemy's works at Peeble's Farm, 
across an 'open field, under a terrible fire of musketry 
and canister. They afterwards assisted in checking the 
enemy's advance, and held their ground. Their loss in 
these actions was 1 officer and 6 men killed, and 50 men 
wounded. 

On the 2d of October they moved to the front and 
threw up earthworks, where they remained until October 
27th, when they took part in a reconnoissance to Hatchers 
Run, losing i man killed and 2 wounded. Afterwards 
returned to their former position and remained building 
forts, strengthening works, etc., until December 6th. On 
the 7th they joined the expedition to the Weldon Rail- 
road, which they struck at a point between Stony Creek and 
Jarrett's Depot, and assisted in the destruction of about 
twenty miles of this road ; then returned and went into 
camp near the Jerusalem Plank Road, where they re- 
mained until February 5, 1865, when they moved to 
Hatchers Run and took part in the action at that place 
on the 6th, with but slight loss. They remained in camp 
at that place until the 29th of March, when they moved 
across the run and suppoited General Chamberlain's 
Brigade in the action on the Quaker Road. The follow- 
ing day skirmished with the enemy and gained posses- 
sion of the Boydton Road. On the 31st they were en- 
gaged in the action at Gravelly Run, and on the ist of 
April at Five Forks. At the latter place they were one 



132 



History of penobscot county, matne. 



of the first to gain the works of the enemy, where they 
captured one battle Hag and a large number of prisoners. 
They afterwards joined in the pursuit of the enemy and 
came up with them on the 8th at Appomattox Court 
House. At the time of the surrender of the rebel army 
the regiment was skirmishing with the enemy, and at the 
completion of the terms of surrender, was one of the 
regiments designated to receive the rebel arras. On the 
iSth they proceeded towards 'W'ashington, where they 
arrived on the 12th of May. 

On the 51)1 of June the enlisted men whose terms of 
service expired prior to October i, 1865, were mustered 
out and most of the officers discharged. Subsequently 
the men remaining of the Sixteenth Maine Volunteers 
and the First Regiment of Sharpshooters, were consoli- 
dated with the Twentieth, and the regiment thus re-organ- 
ized remained in service until July 16, 1865, when it was 
mustered out of the United States service near Washing- 
ton, District of Columbia, by Captain Charles F. Sawyer. 
Assistant Commissary of Musteis, Third Division, Provi- 
sional Corps, in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. They arrived at Portland, Maine, on the 20th, 
where the men were paid and finally discharged on the 
25th. 

FIELD AND .STAFF. 

Colonel Charles D. Gilniore, Bangor. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Charles D. Gilmore, Bangor. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas D. Chamberlain, Brewer. 

Major Charles D. Gilmore, Bangor. 

Surgeon John Benson, Newport. 

Assistant Surgeon Charles G. .Stevens, Bangor. 

Chajjlain Luther P. French, Corinth. 

COMPANY A. 

PRIVATES. 

Roliert T. Atherton, William A. Estes, Frank L. Grindle, Joseph 
Grindle, Charles H. Hodgkins, Ezra B. Marden, Augustus McLaugh- 
lin. Joseph S. Robinson, Henry A. Scribner, Benjamin'W. Tapley, 
George W. Young, Bangor; Martin S. Bodwell, John K. Luddon, 
William H. Higgins, William C. Hanson, George H. Perry, Lincoln; 
Thomas Daughcrty, Passadumkeag; Abner L. Hanscomb, William 
Sprague, Lee ; (ieorge E. .S. Hutchins, Carmel ; Franklin Lawry, 
Charleston ; William R. Ladd, Franklin Ramsdell, Garland ; Charles 
R. Oliver, Carroll ; Henry Pickard, Hampden ; ICdward R. Sanborn, 
Lagrange , Robert Tibbetts, .Springfield. 

COMPANY B. 

COMMISSIONF.L1 OFFICER.?. 

First Lieutenant Royal B. Decker, L.agrange. 
Second Lieutenant Royal B. Decker, Lagrange. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Corporal George H. Moulton, Lagrange. 

PRIVATES. 

Edward K. Carver, Royal B. Decker, .Alhanan L Dyer, Daniel 
Hanscomb, .Seth H. Libbey, Edmund R. .Sanborn, W^illiam S. San- 
born, Wilson A. Decker, Lagrange; William L. F'rees, Maxfield; 
Harrison Goding, Ban,gor ; .August N. Luf kin, Charles E. Bowker, 
Orrington ; John F. Clifford, Hemion ; William A. Drake, Chelsea; 
Sewall Douglass, Veazie ; Charles A. Elliott, Kenduskeag ; Joseph W. 
Grenier, Alfred R. Gray, Theophilus E. Smith, Brewer ; William Hus- 
sey, Dixmont; John C. Hinkley. jr., Oldtown ; Alphonso H. Mitchell, 
Isaiah Strout, Francis A. Strout, Corinth ; James Sharrett, Mal- 
ta wainkeag. 

COMPANY C. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Corporal Vincent W. Pinhorn, Orrington. 

PRIVATES. 

Henry A. Carpenter, Charleston; Samuel F. Mallett, Lee; Waldo 
P. Odlin, David H. Royal, John Healey, Benjamin Labrose, Samuel 



J. Nichols, William Shaw. Bangor; John H. Wentworth, Veazie. 
James W. Collins, Allen Harmon, W^mn ; Charles H. Folsoni, New- 
burg ; Lyman !■-. Gould, Dixmont ; William M. Hooper. Dexter ; 
Charles H. Haskell, Greenfield; Rufus L. Jones, Carmel; William R. 
Prescott, Corinth. 

COMPANY D. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Isaac W. Haskell, Garland. 

First Lieutenant Edward B. Fifield, Dexter. 

NUN-COMMISSIONED t>FFICERS. 

Sergeant Louis (_iould. Dexter. 
Sergeant George W. Card, Dexter. 
Sergeant fonathan G. Johnson, Garland. 
Corporal Benjamin P. Parker. Dexter. 
Corporal Alonzo M. Fogg, Ciarland. 
Corporal John M. .Safford, Corinna. 
Corporal Luther M. Rideout, Garland. 
Corporal ]ohn S. Stevens, Exeter. 
Corporal Albert J. Swanton, Dexter. 
Corporal Michael Shay, Bangor. 
Corporal John Lynes, jr. , Bangor. 
Wagoner Ebenezer S. Allen, Garland. 
W.agoner Dennis S. PuUen, Dexter. 

PRIVATES. 

George E. Atkins, Garland; Daniel A. Bosworth, Arthur A. Berrey, 
Bezeliel W. Burnham, Henry A. Chamberlain, Elisha S. Coan, George 
W. Jones, Sumner Knox, Warren C. Leighton, Christopher Penning- 
ton, Seth Ramsdell, Job Ramsdell, Sumner L. Skillins, Thomas J. 
Skillins, Henry A. .Swett, John D. Twombly, Garland; Albert G. 
Stanwood, Winn; .Albert S. Twining, Newburg; Calvin P. Allen, Isaac 
C. Barker, James A. Brown, James M. Blanchard, Leander Shaw, 
John M. Ramsdell, Exeter; Peter Augustine, Enoch .Ayres, George T. 
Bailey, Daniel L. Clark, John P. Crocker, Morrill G. Curtis, George 
A. Crocker, Augustus Ellis, Cyrus S. Greeley, Edwin R. Littlefield, 
James W. Nutt, Eli L. Prescott, Stephen A. Prescott, Amos Roberts, 
jr., Joseph Southard, Edward .Swanton, Dexter; Otis Smith, jr., 
Samuel A. Smith, George R. Rich, Daniel Foss, Albert H. Norcross, 
.Aaron M. Page, Charleston; James .Anderson, Peter D. Brackett, 
James Hickey, James Kelley, Elsbra McCoy, Michael J. McPhee, 
James McMahon, Edward K. Spaulding, James Wallace, Bangor; 
Benjamin W. West, Orrington; Rufus B. Harmon, Leander M. Libby. 
Willard S. Ricker, Corinna; P'ranklin Cunningham, Marcus D. Kings- 
bury. Bradford; Nathaniel G. Gould, Brewer: Horatio W. Iiinian, 
Charles H. Kneeland, Lee. 

COMPANY K. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Sergeant W. H. H. Hasey, Ban.gor. 

PRIVATES. 

John Conway, Sewal M. Cowan, William H. Chambertain, Edwin 
Frederick, William F. Mills, William H. Wentworth, James Fahey, 
John M. Sherwood, Thomas Twomey, Horace Knight, Paul .Sideau, 
Bangor ; Sidney H. Sinclair, Springfield ; Charles A. Whitney, Etna ; 
Daniel Donavan, Kenduskeag; Lewis F. Morse, Veazie ; Joseph T. 
Arnold, Isaac Arnold, Bradford; Andrew J. Runnells, Patagumpus ; 
FYank A. Roberts, Hudson ; John Martin, James Bradley, Edward 
Carroll. Corinna ; Hugh Kelly, Daniel O. Bickmore, William O. 
Burnham, Oldtown; Isaac H. Fairbrother, Orono ; Elbridgc P. 
Crocker, I^owell ; Daniel Davis 2d, Winn. 

COMPANY F. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Musician Michael Quimby, Bangor. 
Wagoner Crosby N. Crocker, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Cyrus liray, John F. Cliffoid, Daniel J. Culson, F-^lijah Carr, .Ansel 
G. Emery, Charles F. Hall, William A. Neal, Edmund Gordon, Henry 
Reaviel, William A. Soule, William N. Witham, Robert A. Witherell. 
Oscar Wyer, Henry Haye, Dezerd Vencour, Francis Wright, Bangor; 
Dennison Ward, Henry Oban, Oldtown ; Alfred M. Grossman, Alton ; 
Edwin D. Gould, Brewer; Edwin B. Hammond. Lincoln; Thomas D. 
Paige, Burlington ; Albert Pickering, Holden ; Samuel Pierce, Hudson ; 
John J. Smith, Orono; Joel Tibbetts, Glenbum. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



133 



COMPANY C. 
COMMtSSIONF.n OFKICF.KS. 

Captain Thomas D. Chamberlain, Brewer. 

First Lieutenant Thomas D. Chamberlain. Brewer. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Musician N'atlianiel L. ."^wett. Orrington. 

l'KIV.-\TES. 

Charles N. Ayer, Frank Burr. Charles W. Currier, William D. Kelly. 
Brewer; John M. Sherwood. Fred C. Robinson. Charles E. Dunn, 
)uhn F. Cloves. Samuel W. Veazie, Albert L. Spencer, Kli C. Lyons, 
Bangor ; Mareellus Blake, Joseph A. West, Carmel ; Nelson Powers, 
Medway, John B. Bumby, Frank B. Miller, Orono ; Edwin A. Ben- 
nett, No. 2. R.'3; Byron B. Brown, Patten; Roscoe Doble, Silas C. 
Uoble, Lincoln; Cyrus ICmery, Maxfield ; Augustus N. Lufkin, 
i )rrington ; William B. Monroe, Greenfield ; Henry Mansfield, Green- 
bush ; John T. .N'ason. Bradley; Charles L. Praslee. Enfield. 

COMPANY H. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Second Lieutenant Edward R. Sanborn, Lagrange. 
Second Lieutenant William C. Bailey, Garland. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Serge.ant .\ndreu J. Tozier, Plymouth. 
Sergeant Thomas D. Chamberlain. Brewer. 
Musician Edwin J. Baker, Oldtown. 
Wagoner John .^tockman, Oldtown. 

PRIVATES. 

William H. Chamberlain, BelaL. Fowles, CJowen \\'. l-'owics, Medway; 
Charles L. Torrey, John \l. Sherwood, Patrick Hamesburg, William 
Kirteld, Jasper H. Nash, James Maloney, (!'harles E. Hatch, Henry A. 
Heal, Benjamin F". Grant, William P. Fisher, John Farley, Michael Carey, 
Frank L. Williams, George Whitney, William Debeck, lidward Fred- 
erick, Parmenas E. Folsom, Charles W. Jackins, Frank Johnson, 
.Stephen H. Matthews, George Miller. Isaac F. Orcutt, Moses G. Rice, 
Isaac N. Lathrop, Bangor ; Horace Wyman, Lincoln ; Edmund R. 
Sanboni, Lagrange; Bancroft Lambert, Bradley; Hiram H. Chesley, 
John E. Chase. Edmund (.Joft", Sylvester McLellan, Patten ; Charles 
B. Dore, Wilham E. Annis, Hermon ; Wilbur F. Chase, Chester ; 
Thomas Oscar, Lee; William H. Cates, Carmel; Lorenzo Grant, 
Hudson ; Ephraim L. Sherman. Camden. 

COMPANY I. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

First Lieutenant John M. Sherwood, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Andrew Bryer, Martin P. Leonard, Moses Tarbo.x, jr., Ralph W. 
Wyman, John W. Worcester, John Mahoney, Bangor; Moses D. 
Spencer, Corinna ; William D. Blagden, Hudson; Ira Barnes, Josiah 
Collins. Lee; Josiah Cornish, Medway; Hugh Conway, Hampden; 
William J. Frazier, Hermon; William H. P^oss. Orono, AIe.\ander 
Mylne, Glenbrun ; .-Xlonzo Newcomb, Newburg ; John Patterson, 
Burlington. 

COMPANY K. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Charles L. Strickland, Bangor. 

First Lieutenant Edmund R. Sanborn, Orono. 

PRIVATES. 

Amasa W. Fickett, Samuel H. Winchester, William Blake, Michael 
Doyle, George A. Fields. Brewer ; Charles T. \'arney, William 
Mehegan, .'\ndrew Hayman, James Frazier, John Flinn, James 
.S. Fo.\. James F. Dinsmore, John Casey, Hiram Clark, Andrew 
Franquer, Charles A. Crabb, Charles Couillard, Hiram Chrisly, 
Samuel A. Collins, Lewis D. .\llen, Bangor ; .Adelben .Allen. Rodney 
Leavitt, Drew Plantation ; Thomas O. Freeman, Greenbush ; Albert 
Treat, Bradford ; Hiiam Brawn, John Brawn, Freeman O. Gullifer, 
Oldtown; Edmund R. Sanborn, Lagrange; Henry L. Bloodworth, 
Nelson Chester, Lincoln; Thomas L. Berry, De.xter ; William Brown, 
Orono; James S. Brackett, Alton; Charles A. Gilman. Palten ; John 
D. Graves, Hermon ; Calvin A. Glidden, Plymouth ; David S. .Scott, 
Chester ; Zoeth E. Stubbs, Corinna ; Lesor Schwenor, Orrington. 

TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

Organized at Augusta, October 14, 1862, to serve 
nine months. Mustered out August 27, 1S63. 



COMPANY G. 
PRIVATES. 

William H. Condon, John C. Craig, Joseph L. Emery, James M. 
Verriill, Dixmont. 

TWENTY-SF.COND KEf;lMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Bangor, October 10, 
I S62, to serve nine months, and left on the 21st for Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, arriving in that city on the 
24th. On the following day they were ordered to Ar- 
lington Heights, Virginia, and assigned temporarily to 
the Tiiird Brigade, Casey's Division. They remained 
at Arlington Heights until the 3d of November, when 
they were ordered to Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where 
they arrived on the 7th, thence proceeded to Newport 
News, and there remained until the 2d of December. 
On the 4th of December they left for New Orleans, ar- 
riving in that city on the isth, and immediately pro- 
ceeded to Baton Rouge, which they occupied on the 
17th. On the 31st they were assigned to the F'irst 
Brigade of Grover's Division. They remained at Baton 
Rouge until the 13th of March, 1863, when they took 
l^art in a reconnoissance to the rear of Port Hudson, 
after which they returned to Monticello Bayou. On the 
26th of March they joined the e.\pedition up the Atcha- 
falaya Lake, and on the 13th of April .safely landed at 
"Irish Bend," where, after crossing the Bayou Tcche, 
they encamped for the night. Early on the morning of 
the 14th they moved in the direction of Franklin, met 
the enemy, and after a sjiirited engagement, drove them 
from the field. On the 15th they were ordered to gar- 
rison F"ranklin, where they remained until the 25th, then 
proceeded to New Iberia. On the 6th of May they 
moved towards Port Hudson, arriving at that place 
on the ist of June, and on the 9th participated in an as- 
sault on the enemy's works, but were compelled to fall 
back and were soon after withdrawn, returning to their 
former duties. On the 14th of June they again partici- 
pated in an assault on the enemy's works, which, how- 
ever, was unsuccessful, and after dark they were withdrawn 
and returned to the position they occupied before the 
battle. After the surrender of Port Hudson, on the 8th 
of July, they were quartered inside the works, and there 
remained until the 24th, when they started for Maine, 
passing up the Mississippi by boat to Cairo, then by rail 
to Bangor, where they arrived on ^he 6th of August, and 
were mustered out and discharged the United States 
service on the 15th of the same month, by Lieutenant 
F. E. Crossman, Seventeenth United States Infantry. 

FIELD .VND ST.'VFF. 

Colonel Simon (j. Jerrard, Levant. 
Adjutant Frank G. Flagg, Hampden. 
.Assistant Surgeon Jason Huckins. Levant. 
Chaplain John K. Lincoln, Bangor. 
Sergeant-Major Roscoe G. Rollins, Bangor. 
(Quartermaster-Sergeant Edward M. Young. Kenduskeag. 
Commissary-Sergeant William Lowney, Bangor. 
Fife Major (jeorge W. Grant, Bangor. 

COMPANY A. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Cai>lain Henry Crosby, Hampden. 

First Lieutenant James W'. Williams, Hampden. 

First Lieutenant George E. Brown, Hampden, 



134 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Second Lieutenant James P. Ireland, Corinna. 
Second Lieutenant Hiram T. Batcbelder, Hampden. 
Second Lieutenant Gibson C. Patten, Corinna. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant George K. Brown. Hampden. 
Sergeant Hiram T. Batchelder, Hampden. 
Sergeant Samuel iVI. Honisted, Hampden. 
Sergeant Daniel T. Mayo, Carmel. 
Sergeant Gibson C. Patten, Corinna. 
Sergeant Joseph E. Joy, Hampden. 
Sergeant John E. Tribou, Hampden. 
Sergeant Austin Pomroy, Hampden. 
Corporal John M. Sullivan, Hampden. 
Corporal Alfred W. Blissell, -Argyle. 
Corporal John S. Ward, Hampden. 
Corporal George W. Knowles, Hampden. 
Corporal James Patten, jr. , Hermon. 
Corporal Sumner Smith, jr. Hampden. 
Corporal Daniel Smith, jr., Hampden. 
Corporal Melvin F. .\very, Hampden. 
Corporal Aloiuo Y. Foster, Newburg. 
Corporal Abram G. Gerow, Newburg. 
JMusician Melville Walker, Hampden. 
Musician William F. Walker, Hampden. 
Wagoner Isaiah C. Deane, Hampden. 

PRIVATES. 

Justin B. Atkins, Charles E. Blaisdell, George C Blaisdeli, William 
F. Blaisdell, William O. P. Co])eland, Edward Copp, Owen k. Hale, 
Wilbur F. Hubbard, Lewis F. Leighton, Charles H. Leighton, Isaac 
Morse, Forest E. Stewart, Leonard Palmer, David F. White, Lewis W. 
White, Abram Young, Luther Young, Alfred Veazie, Corinna ; Bart- 
lett Bradford, William W. Bradford, Jason L. Bussell. Robert Bussell, 
Prentice M. Mayo, John D. Morton, Ichabod F. Partridge, Daniel B. 
Smith, Carmel ; Gershoni W. Clifford, Charles W. Fletcher, Cyrus E. 
Hewes, Frank H. Jewell, C'leves C. Tracy, Hermon ; Alber C. Dyer, 
Etna; Daniel W. Emerson, Charleston ; Alonzo Y. Foster. .Augustus 
Newcomb, Newburg; William W. Freeze, Lorenzo Grant, Isaac 
Mann, Alexander Mann, Mark T. Marsh, Argyle; J.imes .Speed, jr., 
Bradford; Hiram Stone, Bangor; Henry M. Cole, Zenas Cowan, 
Jonathan P. Emerson, John Emery, jr., John F. Goss, Samuel Hitch- 
cock, Cyrus Humphrey, jr., Edward Humphrey, John B. Humphrey, 
Ephraim S. Knowles, John W. Knowles, Daniel Lake, George F. 
Loring, Thomas B. Lufkin, Ale.\:ander Mann. Mark T. Marsh, Malachi 
McAuliffe, .Alonzo E. Miller, George A. Miller, George W. Miller, 
Martin Murch, .Alphonzo Porter, Harrison W. Rogers, Edward K. 
Sawyer, Jedediah Simpson, Augustus .Snow, Charles E. Swett, Alonzo 
Thayer, Benjamin B. Trueworthy, Charles Ward, Hampden. 

COMPANY B. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Ca]>tain John 1. Gilman, Bangor. 
Captain James W. Williams, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant John T. Gilman, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant George H. Anson, Bangor. 
.Second Lieutenant George H. Anson, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Samuel W. Knowles, Bangor. 

NON-(.OMMI,SSIONKD OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Samuel W. Knmvle, Bangor. 
Sergeant George T. Rowe, Holden. 
Sergeant Bradford C. Clark, Holden. 
Sergeant Benjamin H. Darling, Hudson. 
Sergeant George R. Mann, Hudson. 
Sergeant Joseph P. Tyler, Bangor. 
Sergeant William E. S. Rice, Bangor. 
Sergeant Christopher A. Page, Bangor 
Sergeant Seth E. Drinkwater, Bangor. 
Corporal Joseph P. Tyler, Bangor. 
Corporal Joseph E. Hanscom, Dedham. 
Corpor.al Abiather W. Carle, Hudson. 
Corporal Rufus E. Whitmore, Hudson. 
Corporal Jacob Tasker, Bradford. 
Corporal James E. White, Holden. 
Corporal Joshua S. Kenney, Holden. 
Corporal Elijah S. Smith, Charleston. 
Corporal George A. Pritchard, Brewer. 
Musician George W. Grant, Holden. 



Musician Horace C. Griffin, Holden. 
Wagoner Arthur E. Blakeley, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

William H. Ames, Orin N. Bailey, John S. Holt, liradford; Nathaniel 
W. Bailey, Ransom Bailey, Glenburn; George W. Bean, Joseph N. 
Bean, Van Buren Carle, Charles P. Chamberlain, Lorenzo D. Chamber- 
lain, Oscar T. Chase, Daniel Goodwin, George W. Howe, Albert T. 
Lyshon, Joel Mann, Franklin N. Miles, Andrew J. Potter, Orin 
Stearns, Gustavus V. Wilson, Hudson; Charles H. Bryant, Lagrange; 
Augustus D. Clewley, Andrew Sanborn, Brewer; Herbert V. Dickey, 
Charles Inman, William Kent, Daniel McPhetres, George W. Morris, 
Timothy K. Phillips, Veazie; Roscoe M. Griffin, William Houston, jr., 
.Silas Howard, Joshua H. Kinney, Franklin B. Moore, James E. Navy, 
Albert A. Nichols, Andrew J. Orcutt, Elijah B. Orcutt, William A. 
Rowe, Edwin E. White, Holden; William A. Severance, Lincoln; 
Martin McKenney, Stetson; Charles E. Beale, Charles E. Brown. 
Daniel Gates, Lorenzo D. Chamberlain, Oscar T. Chase, Daniel .S. 
Collins, Edward W. Hanson, Edward S. Johnson, Benjamin Kimball, 
William Lowney, John Montgomery, Charles H. Reid, Amos H. 
Richardson, Roscoe G. Rollins, George Sawyer, Edmond C. Scribner. 
James S. Spratt, William Strange, Frederick E. Webster, Charles W. 
Wilson, Henry O. Wilson, Henry Work, Moses Work, M.arcellus 
Wotton, Ahah M. Young, Harrison C. Young, Bangor. 

COMPANY C. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain George A. Bolton, Orrington. 
First Lieutenant Jasper Hutchins, Brewer. 
Second Lieutenant Joseph A. Baker, Orrington. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Serge.int .Alvah P. Bennett, Brewer. 
Sergeant Alonzo F. .Smith, Orrington. 
-Sergeant Jacob Bemis, Lagrange. 
Sergeant Cyrus W. Penney, Eddington. 
Corporal Joseph A. Stearns, Brewer. 
Corporal Hiram R. Stevens, Eddington. 
Corporal Daniel T. Thomas, Bradley. 
Corporal Peter C. Smith, Orrington. 
Corporal John H. Smith, Orrington. 
Corporal Samuel E. Burr, Brewer. 
Corporal Elon K. Comins, hlddington. 
Corporal George Glidden, Brewer. 
Musician Enoch R. Nye, Orrington. 
Musician John N. Ames, Orrington. 
Wagoner Emery B. Lufkin, Orrington. 

I'KIVATES. 

George R. Bakeman, Freeman H. Eastman, George B. Gilbert, 
Charles Glidden, Amos W. Hairiman, Richard H. Holyoke, William 
A. Libbey, Foster Parker, Lorenzo Parker, Henry A. Pierce, Albert R. 
Winslow, Brewer; Henry W. Clewley, Horace B! Davis, Melzar B. 
Howe, John S. Maddo.K, Edward E. Mills, Levi L. Stevens, John C. 
Innis, Eddington; George Cowan, Glenburn; William M. Danforth, 
Lagrange; Frederick W. Badershall, Elijah A. Baker, Isaiah A. Baker, 
Charles A. Beckford, Charles Bowden, Charles H. Bowden, Jeremiah 
T. Bowden, John E. Bowden, Calvin Bumpus, Eugene A. Chapin, 
Amasa L. Conant, Charles L. Crane, James W. Freeman, James 
Harriman, jr., Daniel P. Little, Amos M. Nickerson, William P. 
Nickerson, Humphrey Pinhorn, Preston I. Pond, Samuel J. Robinson, 
Albert P. Smith, Howes R. Smith, John W. Torrens, Irving A. Ward- 
well, Calvin Wedell, Orrington. 

COMPANY D. 

PRIVATES. 

Melvin G. Joy, ICllsworlh ; George S. Williams, Lagr.age. 
COMPANY E. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Henry L. Wood, Dexter. 
First Lieutenant W. Prince Hersey, Lincoln. 
First Lieutenant Thomas J. Pekes, Charleston. 
Second Lieutenant Thomas J. Pekes, Charleston. 
Second Lieutenant Joseph F. Bowler, Lee. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Joseph S. Bowler, Lee. 
Sergeant Charles H. Knight, Dexter. 
Sergeant Charles G. Wing, Dexter. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK. 



'35 



Sergeant William M. Comforth, Springfield. 
Sergeant John E. Allen, Lincoln. 
Corporal John C. Lamb, Carroll. 
Corporal Jonathan Drew, Charleston. 
Corporal Franklin H. Dyer, Charleston. 
Corporal Nelson RolliTis, Charleston. 
Corporal George M. Toward, De.\ter. 
Corporal Charles L. Lothrop, Prentiss. 
Musician |anies C'rawford, Dexter. 
Musician Joseph J. Klder, Corinna. 
Wagoner Jefferson P. Richardson, Dexter. 

I'RIV.VTKS. 

Caleb B. .Akley. Charles W. Conant, Melvin S. Leslie, Patten ; 
Martin V. Bodwell, Ivory F. Doane, George H. Hathorn, I^incoln ; 
Constantine E. Carle, Joseph Darling, Bartlett Davis, Walter R. 
Chamberlain. Hudson; Daniel Clifford. Moses Ricker, Henry J. 
Thurlow, Philemon Tucker, Lee; .^urelius F. Ward. Zachariah .S. 
Southard, Bowman Cooper, Bradford; .•\sa S. Carpenter, Samuel 
Hall, James L. Hunt, William H. Jordan, Menander O. Moores, 
Isaiah Strout, Charleston; Charles H. Stickney, George F. Jipson, 
Benjamin J. Hall, Setli W. Iwings, Prentiss; George H. Curtiss, Sal- 
mon Lamb, Carroll; William M. Johnson, lames H. Leighton, Daniel 
P. Leighton, William McLaughlin, Ithamer B. Merrill, Solomon Mor- 
rill, Chailes N. Mountain, Daniel H. Remick. .Augustus Scales, Sam- 
uel F. Silver, Joseph H. Smith, Sumner Brawn. Sanborn J. Campbell. 
Charles W. Farrar. Henry C. Fitzgerald. Jacob B. Fogg. Roscoe 
Haines. William M. Hall. Jonas Hutchinson. Isaiah K. Ireland. Fran- 
cis -A. Ireland. Alfred Hart. Silas B. Swanton, .Samuel A. Swanton. 
Jacob H. Whitlemore. Charles L. Whittemore. Dexter; Liberty B. 
.Sp.iuUling. Cliarles .Sp.iulding. John W. Spaulding. Springfield. 

COMPANY G. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OI-FICKRS. 

Sergeant .Alexander Tliompson. Mattawamkeag. 

COMPANY H. 
roMMissioNKn oFricERS. 
Captain Isaac W. Case. Kenduskeag. 
P'irst Lieutenant Joseph Richardson, Corinth. 
Second Lieutenant .Anson .S. Jerrard, Plymouth. 

NON-COMMlSSIONEn OFKICKRS. 

Sergeant Joseph L. True, Garland. 
Sergeant Isaac R. Worth, Corinth. 
Sergeant .Asa W. Thompson, Exeter. 
Sergeant Nicholas G. Reed, Garland. 
Sergeant William M. Chapman, Corinth. 
Corporal Henry W. Jordan, Stetson. 
Corporal Ivrastus L. Palmer, Gailand. 
Corporal .Abner G. Clark, Levant. 
Corporal Danville L. W*man, Levant. 
Corporal Chesler M. Herrick, Corinth. 
Corporal John M. Morrison, Corinth. 
Corporal Edward J. Smart, Plymouth. 
Corporal Heiiry C. .S(TOoner, Kenduskeag. 
Musician fieorge W. Buzzell, Plymouth. 
Wagoner George V. Davis, Levant. 

FKIVATKS. 

his M. .Allen, ICdgar E. Holbrook, Franklin Holbrook, Peter Hol- 
biook, Rufus D. Loud, John C. Loud, Edward J. .Smart, Calvin Small. 
Plymouth; Walter E. York. Robert F. Wiggins. George W. Langley. 
William A. Langley, John O. .Allen. Stetson; Henry J. .Ames. David 
|. Blanchard. Albert Brown. .Alfred Hoyt, Wilfred A. Mitchell. Arthur 
H. Morey. EUis Smith. Edward B. Towle, Kenduskeag; .Ansel O. 
Wing, Joseph M. Wing, Pirvirvid Tuiner, Charles H. Staples, William 
D. Staples, Ambrose (_'. McKusic. Cyrus H. Houston. .Alphonso H.as- 
kell. tjorham H. Gould. .Allen H. Brown. William L. Bran, Orin 
Hooker, Joseph W. Booker. Rufus B.Gerald, levant; .Alonzo F. Batchel- 
der, William Brown, John A. Davis, .Alden B. Ellis. Randall Farmer. 
Bennett .A. Haskell. Jason F. Haskell. Levi A. Lovejoy. Austin Rams- 
dell. Charles E. .Skillin. David .Skillin, James A. Tiplady. Garland; 
Henry .A. Whittier. Benjamin M. Stevens. Clifford W. .Shores, Edgar 
Sargent. Frank M. Robinson. George W. Houston. George W. Her- 
rick. Ransom C. (jould. Sumner T. Ham, .Albra O. Hammons, Levi 
Gardener, William F. Gile. John B. t "handler. C'orinth; Stephen S. 
Bui/.ell. Hennon; John E. r>.miels. Lee; Mark Thompson. Exeter. 



COMPANY I. 

PRIV.\TF.S. 

.Allen B. Nichols, .Alonzo Philbrick. Bangor; Seth J. Swanton. 
Dexter. 

COMPANY K. 

COMMI-SSIONKI) OFFICKR.S. 

Captain Turner W. Whitehouse. Newport. 

Second Lieutenant Edwin W. Trueworthy, Newport. 

NON-COMMISSION F.n OKFICKRS. 

Sergeant .Albert F. Learned. Newport. 
Corporal .Andrew Skinner. F^Lxeter. 
Corporal Henry T. Nutter. Exeter. 
Corporal Chester Trueworthy. Newport. 
Corporal Stephen .A. Steward. Newport. 
Corporal Fernando Miles, Newport. 
Musician Jacob H. Steward. Newport. 
Musician Oliver I. Folsom. Etna. 

I'KIVATKS. 

Leonard .Abbott. Henry W. Folsom. Hanson Hatchings. .Stowell S. 
.Spratt. Benjamin F. Carter. Etna; Olivers. Atwell. Dixmonl; Charles 
H. Caverly. Amos Caverly. John H. Day. Mark Fernald. Tobias .A. 
Fernald. Demarquis .s. Lawrence. Isaac N. A. McKay. Charles 
Robert. John M. Seavey. John O. .Stuart. Henry E. Trueworthy, 
James Wedgewood, John Wedgewood, Newport; Nathan P. Colbath, 
Henry W. Estes. William I-'riend. Mark B. Leonard. Charles .A. Orff. 
George A. Pease. John L. Pease. Lorin D. Robinson. Royal L. 
Stevens. Exeter; Daniel W. Libbey, Mattawamkeag. 

COMPANY D. 

Private Alonzo Gray. Bangor. 

TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Bangor, October ii, 
1862, to serve nine months, and left on the 23d of the 
same month for Washington, District of Columbia, where 
they arrived and encamped on the 27th. On the 9th of 
November they embarked for Fortress Monroe, Virginia, 
arrived at Hamilton Roads on the nth, and the ne.xt 
day were ordered to Newjwrt News, where they remained 
encamped until December ist, on which day they em- 
barked on board steamers for New Orleans, arriving in 
that city on the 16th, and immediately proceeded to 
Baton Rouge, where they were assigned to the Third 
Brigade of Cirover's Division. They remained at Ijaton 
Roiu'e until the 12th of March, 1863, when they 
joined in the reconnoissance to Port Hudson, return- 
ing on the 1 6th, and on the 28tli embarked for 
Donaldsonville, Louisiana. Early on the morning of 
the 14th of .\\ni\ they were engaged with the enemy 
at Irish Bend, near Franklin, Louisiana, and met with 
severe loss. They arrived at .Port Hudson on the 
;;oth of May, and were engaged in supporting a bat- 
tery until June 12th, when they participated in the as- 
sault on that day, and then returned to their former posi- 
tion. After the surrender of Port Hudson, they remained 
on duty inside the fortifications at that place until the 
26th of July, on which day they embarked for Maine, 
and reached Bangor on the 9th of August. On the lyih 
of the same month the regiment was mustered out of 
the United States service at that place, by Lieutenant F. 
E. Grossman, Seventeenth United States Infantry, and 
the men were paid and finally discharged on the same day. 

COMP.ANY .\. 

NON-COMMI.SSIONF.n OFFICKK. 

.Sergeant Beujaniin F, Simpson. Divmont. ^ 



'36 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



PKIVATES. 

Cromwell Carter, Calvin A. Glidden, Robert M. Gustin. Edwin R. 
Gustin, Etna; James B. Craig, Alfred Marr, John F. Prescott, Dix- 
niont; Benjamin Williams, R.angor. 

COMPANY B. 

PRIVATES. 

Anson Pettingill, Le\ant: .'^ullivan D. Wiggin, Bangor. 

COMPANY F. 
Musician George S. Kimball, Hamj^den. 

COMPANY H. 

NON-COMMIS.SIONED Ul-FICIiR. 

Wagoner William li. Thompson, Bangor. 

PRIVATE. 

Private Mehin ^i. Libbey, Lagrange. 

COMPANY I. 
Rufus W. Prentiss, Plymoiitli. 

twknty-ei(;hth regi.ment infantry. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, October i8, 
1862, to serve nine months, and left on the 26th with or- 
ders for Washington, District of Columbia, stopped at New 
York, and then was ordered to Fort Schuyler to report 
for duty to Major-( /eneral Banks. They garrisoned Fort 
Schuyler until the 26th of November, when they marched 
to East New York, and there went into cam]). On the 
17th of January, 1863, they embarked for Fortress Mon- 
roe, and from thence on the 2 2d for New Orleans, arriv- 
ing in that city on the 29th. On the 31st disembarked 
at Chalmette, seven miles below the city, and encamjjed 
on Jackson's old batile ground. On the 15th of Febru- 
ary they were ordered to Pensacola, Florida, and disem- 
barked at Warrenton Navy Yard on the 17th. They 
remained at Pensocala until its evacuation, March 2 2d, 
and then returned to Warrenton Navy Yard. On the 
24th they embarked for New Orleans, where immedi- 
ately upon their arrival they were ordered for duty at 
Donaldsonville, Bayou La Fourche and Plaquemine. 

On the 27th of May, si.\ companies were ordered to 
Port Hudson, and thtre were assigned to Oeneral Nick- 
erson's Brigade of Dvvight's Division, the otiiers remaining 
at New Orlean.s and at Fort Butler, Donaldsonville, 
Louisiana. 'I'hat portion of the regiment at Port Hud- 
son was employed for two weeks, day and night, in 
building batteries and doing picket duty. They partici- 
pated in the advance on the 14th of June, but suffered 
no loss. On the 2 2d they were ordered to assault a bas- 
tion of the rebel works, advanced to within a short dis- 
tance of the enemy's fortifications, but their supports not 
coming up, retired in good order witli a loss of 3 killed 
and 9 wounded. On the 28th of June that portion of 
the regiment garrisoning Fort Butler, Donaldsonville, 
Louisiana, was assailed by an oxerwhelming force of the 
enemy, and repulsed them at every point with heavy 
loss. 

On the 4th of July the six companies at Port Hudson 
were ordered to march to Springfield Landing and there 
embark to reinforce Fort Butler, then besieged by the 
enemy, who had succeeded in blockading the river. 
They arrived July sth, and on the evening of that day 
occurred the fiendish murder of Major Bullen, of this 
regiment, then commanding at Fort Butler, by Pi iv,ite 



Francis Scott, First Louisiana Volunteers. Coming as 
it did immediately after the gallant defense of the fort 
by Major Bullen and his command, it seemed the more 
atrocious. 

On the loth of July the entire regiment proceeded to 
Baton Rouge, and there remained until the 6th of Au- 
gust, when they started for Maine, passing up the Mis- 
sissippi by boat to Cairo, then by rail to Augusta, arriv- 
ing on the i8th. On the 31st of August the regiment 
was mustered out of the United States service at Augusta, 
by Lieutenant F. E. Crossman, Seventeenth United 
States Infantry, and the men paid and tinally discharg ed 
on the sairie day. 

STAFF OFFICER. 

Surgeon Irving B. Wardvvell, Orrington. 
COMPANY I. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Second Lieutenant Jones .S. Kelley, Orono. 

NON-COM MISSION Ell OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Joseph D. .Sawyer, Oldtown. 
Sergeant James M. Coombs, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Benjamin M. Kelley, Orono. 
Corporal Benjamin M. Kelley, Orono. 
Corporal William H. Manchester, Oldtown. 
Corporal Jonathan F. Cilley, Oldtown. 
Cor]>oral Shepard Emery, Veazie. 
Corporal Henry M. Sleeper, Milford. 
Wagoner Joseph L. Reed, Orono. 

I'RIVAIICS. 

William .A. .^verill. Dean R. Burnham, Oakman .A. Ellis. Silas S. 
Foss, I^ander V. Hodgdon, Robert Howell, Albert T. Hunt, Charles 
H. Johnson, Horace L. Manchester, Sidney A. Milton, Albert G. 
(Juimby, Cyrus .S. -Stevens, Oldtown; John T. Sprague, Veazie; Wil- 
liam B. Grindle, Biewer; William H. Hansconi, William Merrill. 
Thomas M. Perry, Orono; Henry J, Longley, Milfofd. 

TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment, with the exception of companies A and 
D, was organized at Augusta, from November 13, 1863, 
to January, 1864, to serve three years. Companies A 
and 1) were transferred from the Tenth Maine Battalion, 
then serving with the Twelfth Army Corps, in Tennes- 
see, and joined the regiment at New Orleans, Lijuisiana. 
The regiment left Augusta January 31, 1864, and em- 
barked at Portland February 2d, on board steamship 
De Molay, for New Orleans, Louisiana, at which place 
it arrived on the i6th. On the 2iath they left Algiers 
for Brashear City, thence proceeded to Franklin, arriv- 
ing on the 21st, and were assigned to the Second Bri- 
gade, First Division, Nineteenth Army Corps. On the 
15th of March they left for Alexandria, on the Red 
river; arrived there on the 25th, and laid in camp until 
the 29th, when transferred to the First Brigade. On the 
8th and 9th of April tliey were engaged in the battles of 
Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, and rendered 
most effective service. Subsequently they retreated with 
the army to Grand Ecore, Louisiana, which they reached 
on the nth. On the 23d they assisted in driving the 
enemy at Cane River Crossing, and reached Alexandria, 
Louisiana, on the 25th. They remained at that place 
until May 12th, and while there assisted in building the 
famous dam which saved the fleet. On the 13th of May 
they proceeded towards the Mississippi river, which 
tluy reached on the 20th, and on the 22d went into 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



137 



camp at Morganza Bend, where they remained until 
July 2d, on which day they left for New Orleans, reach- 
ing that city on the 3d. On the 5th they left in steam- 
ship Clinton for Fortress Monroe, \'irginia, arriving on 
the 1 2th, when, being ordered to Washington, reached 
that city on the following day. After remaining a few 
days near \Vashington, they marched to Harper's Ferry, 
\'irginia, and participated in all the inarches and move- 
ments of the Army of the Shenandoah, including the 
battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, 
in all of which they rendered most effective service. On 
the i8th of October, 1864, Company A, Captain John 
Q. Adams, transferred from the Tenth Maine Battalion, 
was mustered out and discharged the United States ser- 
vice, its term of service having expired, and its place was 
filled by the First Company of Unassigned Infantry, Cap- 
tain Edward S. Butler, organized at .\ugusta, Maine, 
September 16, 1864, to serve one year. 

On the ist of January, 1865, the regiment was en- 
camped near Stevenson's Depot, V'irginia, attached to 
the First Brigade, First Division. Nineteenth Army 
Corps, and from March 31st to April 19th was occupied 
chiefly in marching to given points for special service. 
On the 20th they took cars for Washington, District of 
Columbia, and on the 4th and 5th of May did guard 
duty at \Vashington .\rsenal over the assassins of Presi- 
dent Lincoln. On the 23d they participated in the 
grand review at Washington with the .\rmy of the Po- 
tomac. 

On the 31st of May, company A, (Captain Butler,) 
one year's men and all whose term of service expired 
prior to October ist, 1865, were ordered to be mustered 
out of the United States service. 

On the ist of June the regiment embarked at Alexan- 
dria, Virginia, on board steamship Ariel for Savannah, 
arriving there on the 5th, and on the 14th and 15th pro- 
ceeded to Georgetown, South Carolina. The regiment 
was divided into detachments, and occupied the follow- 
ing stations, all in South Carolina, viz: Railroad bridge 
on the Pedee river, Kingstree, Marion, Florence, Dar- 
lington, and Society Hill, with headquarters at Darling- 
ton. Their duties were arduous and consisted in part 
in assisting in the making of contracts and investigating 
complaints made by freednien and planters. On the 
27th of March, 1866, they were ordered to Hilton Head, 
South Carolina, which they occupied, with detachments 
at St. Helena Island and at Seabrook, until June 21st, 
when the regiment was mustered out of the United 
States service by Lieutenant H. S. P'rench, Assistant 
Commissary of Musters, Department of the Carolinas. On 
the following day they embarked on board steamer for 
New York, arriving on the 25th at Harts Island, New 
York Harbor, where, on the 28th of June, the men were 
paid and finally discharged. 

STAFF OFFICERS. 

Assistant Surgeon Atwell W. Swett, Bangor. 
Sergcant-Major Thomas H. Briggs, Bangor. 

COMPA.N'Y A. 

PKIV.'VTES. 

William Peabody. Dixmonl. 
George H. Ko,\, Dexter. 

i3 



COMPANY C. 

Private Franklin H. Xeally, Hampden. 
COMPANY D. 
NON-CO.MMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Wagoner Cliarles B. Canney, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Thomas J. Burke, jr.. Joshua R. Shorey, Knfield ; Charles Corson. 
Bangor; Daniel B. McKenney, Benjamin P. Spencer, Lincoln; Frank 
C. Paine, Lowell. 

COMPANY F. 

.NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Sergeant Thomas H. Briggs. Hudson. 

PRIVATES. 

Willi.am S. .Alexander. Francis N'. Miles, Daniel Mann. Hudson ; 
.Albert .Annis, Kenduskeag ; John C. Harvey. Maxfield ; Leverett D. 
Hopkins, Ellsworth ; Charles M. Johnson. -Alton ; Spaulding Plum- 
mer, Albion Smith, Wilbur F. Ward, Fred W. Wing, Levant; Elias 
W. Whittier, Enfield ; Henry G. Prescott, Corinth. 

COMPANY G. 

Private John H. Knox, Garland. 

COMPANY H. 
PRIVATES. 

Charles G. Bartlett, Xewburg ; Levi D. Cavedy, Stetson ; Charles 
H. Inman.Orono; Benjamin Wiley, Etna. 

THIRTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, from 
December 12, 1863, to January 8, 1864, to serve three 
years, and on the 7th of February left for Portland, 
Maine, where it embarked on board steamer Merrimac 
for New Orleans, Louisiana, arriving in that city on the 
i6th. On the i8th they moved by railroad from .•\lgiers 
to Brashear City, and thence by steamer up Bayou Teche 
to Franklin, where they were assigned to the Third Brig- 
ade, First Division, Nineteenth Army Corps. From 
February 19th to March 14th, inclusive, they remained 
encamped at Franklin, and on the 15th entered upon the 
Red River campaign. On the 8th of April they took an 
honorable part in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, and 
on the 9th in that of Pleasant Hill. Their loss in both 
engagements was 11 killed, 66 wounded and 71 missing. 
They afterwards retreated towards Grand Ecore, which 
place they reached on the iith. On the 21st of Aprij 
they resumed the retreat, and on the 23d took a most 
prominent part in the engagement at Cane River Cros- 
sing, from which position, considered almost impregnable, 
they drove the enemy. Their casualties in this engage- 
ment were as follow: 2 ofhcers and 10 enlisted men 
killed, 2 officers and 67 enlisted men wounded, and 7 
enlisted men missing. On the 25th of .April they reached 
Alexandria, Louisiana, and on the 13th of May continued 
the retreat towards the Mississippi river, which they 
reached on the 2 2d. They remained encamped at Mor- 
ganza Bend until the 2d of July, when they embarked 
for New Orleans, thence on the nth for Virginia. On 
the 1 8th they reached Fortress Monroe, and were im- 
mediately sent to Deep Bottom, where they were 
employed on picket duty and in raising temporary earth- 
works. From Deep Bottom they were transported to 
Washington, whence they marched to Harpers Perry, 
Virginia. 

During the latter part of August and early in Septem- 



138 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ber, they participated in the numerous movements of the 
Army of the Shenandoah. In September their brigade 
was detached from its division, and so continued until 
October 26th. Although in this interval the regiment 
was engaged in arduous and responsible duties, it failed 
to share the glory of General Sheridan's battles and vic- 
tories in September and October. On the 26th of 
October they rejoined their division at Cedar Creek, 
Virginia, thence on the 9th of November moved to a 
position between Kearnstown and Newton, and on the 
30th of December went into camp at Stevenson Depot, 
four miles north of Winchester. 

Soon after the ist of January, 1865, they moved and 
occupied Winchester, Virginia, where, on tlie Sth of Jan- 
uary, they were joined by three companies formed of the 
re enlisted men and recruits of the Thirteenth Maine 
Volunteers, and which had been assigned to this regi- 
ment by special order, issued November 18, 1864. The 
consolidation was completed in the month of January, 
under the immediate orders of General Sheridan, the 
Thirtieth being formed in seven companies, and retain- 
ing the field and staff officers without change. The men 
of the Thirteenth Maine were organized into a battalion 
of three companies, commanded by officers of their own 
regiment. The two battalions were then united, and the 
consolidation effected by the muster out of five commis- 
sioned officers of the Thirtieth and a few non-commis- 
sioned of both regiments. The companies of the 
Thirteenth were lettered B, H, and K in the new organ- 
ization. They remained at Winchester until the loth of 
April, when they proceeded towards Washington; reached 
that city on the 21st, and on the 26th encamped in the 
vicinity of Fort Meigs, where they remained until the 2d 
of June. In the meantime they formed a part of the line 
of sentinels stationed around Washington until after the 
capture of the assassins of President Lincoln, and sub- 
sequently did guard duty at the Washington .Arsenal, 
where the trial of the conspirators was being held. 

On the 23d of May they took part in the grand review 
of the Army of the Potomac, and on the 2d of June were 
transferred from the 'I'hird Brigade, First Division, Nine- 
teenth Corps, to the Second Brigade, same division, with 
which they left on the 30th for Savannah, Georgia, ar- 
riving in that city on the 7th of July. They remained 
on duty at Savannah until the 20th of August, when the 
regiment was mustered out of the United States service 
by Captain George E. Moulton, Assistant Commissary 
of Musters, District of Savannah, and on which day they 
left for Maine, arriving on the 24th at Portland, where 
the men were ]jaid and finally discharged on the 29th. 

COMP.VNV A. 

PRtVATES. 

VViliiam Doble, Lagrange; Marston W. Tower, Belmont; Tunier 
Wade, Bradford; Elijah W. Braekelt, Patten; James G. Kobbins, 
Brewer. 

COMPANY li. 

COMMISSIONKD OIFICEK. 

Captain Freeman L'. Whiting, Newport. 

NON-CUMMI,SSIONI-;il OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Charles W. Whiting, Stetson. 
Sergeant William k. Lock, Kur.i. 



Corporal Samuel Day, Plyinouth. 
Corporal Gustin Jordan, Etna. 
Corporal William H. Toward, De.xter. 

PRIVATES. 

Albert L. .Appleby, John Brooks, Andrew Cole, .Sumner B. McCar- 
land, James W. Nickerson, Newport; Leonard Abbott, Seldon A. 
Brown, Frank F. Baiden, Joseph H. Holbrook, Etna; Erastus Bick- 
ford, James A. Reed, Dixmont; Samuel Foloman, Alfred Joy, John 
L. O'Mara, Bangor; Lorenzo D. Libby, George W. Curtis, .Samuel 
Groves, John Hussey, jr., Columbus Hussey, Dennis Harrington. 
Francis Jewell, Levi Jackson, Johnson Lunt, George S. Mitchell, 
Daniel C'. Prescott, .Samuel Philbrooks, CJeorge C. Fogg, Hollis Smith, 
Carmel; Cyrus L. Coffin, Stetson; Edward Crawford, Burnham; 
Frederick O. Graffim, Samuel Weeks, Corinna; Rufus Greeley, De-xter; 
Edmund F. Gallagher, Thomaslon; Lewis Jordan, Alpheus Short, 
Mariaville; .Albert Murray, William Murray. Plymouth; Esburn Nutt, 
Burnham. 

COMPANY C. 

PRIVATES. 

Edward G. Bryant. Fairfield; Frank F. Burden, Selden A. Brown, 
Etna; Samuel Weeks, Fred A. Chase, Corinna; John Benjamin, George 
W. Curtis, Leonidas Leathers, Samuel Philbrook, Daniel C. Prescott, 
Carmel; Edgar Holbruok, Plymouth. 

COMPANY D. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Warren H. Boynton, Bangor. 

First Lieutenant Daniel Quimby, jr.. Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONEU OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Henry Granville, Bangor. 
Sergeant .Alexander F. Bakeman, Brewer. 
Sergeant Patrick J. Farrell, Bangor. 
Sergeant .Albert P. Titcomb, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Tristram C. Goding, Hampden. 
Corporal Nelson B. Lindsey, Bangor. 
Corpor.il .Andrew W. Strout, Bradford. 
Corporal ]ames T. Young, Belmont. 
Corporal John H. Pease, Richmond. 
Musician Alvin McAllister, .Alton. 

PRIVATES. 
Edwin .A\'erill, John Cornelly, Thomas Powers, Robert (Juimby, 
James Shannon, Charles W. Lovell, Henry Gillispic, Charles Dough- 
erty, Edward Farrell, William Gillispie, John Hurley, George P. 
Hill, Charles Harrington, Joshua Jones, Jiimes H. Logan, Howard 
Morrison, .Andrew J. Merithew, Michael Meaghani, Peter Morgan, 
John Mooney, William H. McKenney, Thomas Mortel, Gustavus 
Nason, Thomas R.iiney, George W. Robbins, Henry M. Robbins^ 
Charles H. Smith, Hiram B. Stevens, Timothy Sullivan, Daniel Sulli- 
van, Thomas Williams, Bangor ; Thomas H. Welman, Isaac F. Ken- 
dall, Benjimin Jordan, Caleb S. Ginn, Orrin Dickey, Belmont; John 
W. B. Austin, Curtis Sabine, Eddington ; Frank Wilkinson, Anthony 
Williams, Alton; Charles H. Boden, Asa Nicholson, Foster A. Parker, 
Daniel F. Sargent, Brewer ; Nelson Ware, Harvey A. Severance, Pres- 
ton I. Pond, Gottlieb Esseg, Albert A. George, Orrington ; James Couil- 
yer. Hale P. Jackson, Hermon ; William H. Ward, Charles Stewart, 
Orono ; John Brooks, Newport, John W. Tozier, Hudson; Andrew 
Cole, William H. Toward, De.xter ; Joel Smart, Charles C. Lancaster, 
Francis C. Emery, Maxfield ; John Collins, Joseph W. Downs, Spring- 
field ; Josiah M. Coffin, Troy ; Nathaniel Evans 2d, Orrin P. McGray, 
Brooks; Otis L. Keith, Oldtown ; W^irren Kendall, Thorndike ; Joel 
P. Quimby, Rockl.md. 

COMPANY E. 
PKIVATE.S. 

John Butler, Orono; Henry Cormiea, Oldtown; George W. Inman, 
Veazie; .Alden l^ander, Dexter; John .Montgomery, Bangor. 

COMPANY F. 

NON-COMMISSIUNEli UIFIf EUS. 

.Sergeant George Stuart, Rockland. 
Sergeant Thomas W. Burke, Portland. 
Corporal Charles W. Bond, Portland 
Corporal Robert E. Stacey, Patten. 
Corporal Elbridge Chick, Clifton. 

PRIVATES. 

John -Adley, jr., Henry H. Gillespie, Bangor; Nathaniel Chick, 
Moses C'hick, George M. Fogg, Clifton; Thomas Chester, Oliver Hunt, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Levi Hunt, Staceyville; Daniel L. Howe, Hudson; James Harrimann, 

jr., Joshua S. Nfarshiill, Orrinyton; Charles Haskell. Edwin A. .Spraj^ue, 
kockland. . 

COMPANY G. 

HRIV.\TES. 

i'hiiiras W. tioi.ihvin. Stetson; John C'. Gray, William H. Knowl- 
t.jn, Klijah L. Knowlton, Oliver P. Paul, Belmont; Patrick .\. .Merrick. 
Lajjrange; Janes M. Yeates. .Applelnn. 

CO.MP.^NV H. 
PK1V..\TKS. 

Henry H. (jillespie. Bangor; Elijah W. Rrackelt, Patten, -Amaziah 
Curtis, Patrick Doherly, Prentiss; James G. Robbins, Brewer. 

COMPANY I. 

PRIVATES. 

John V. Busher, John V. Busher, jr.. Freedom; Charles Clemens, 
Orrin Overlook, Liberty; Hosea Knowlton, Union; Henry L. Payson, 
.Moiuville; William F. .Abbott, Etna; Cyrus L. Coffin, Stetson; Alonzo 
Burrill. George C. Fogg, Levi Jackson, Johnson Lunt. HoUis Smith, 
Carmel; Joseph H. Holbrook, .Albert .Murray, Plymouth. 

COMPANY K. 

PRIVATES. 

Levi Hunt, Oliver Hunt, Staceyville; George W. Inman, Veazie; 
John Killiher, Mariaville, William McLellan, Daniel Carr, George H. 
Jones, Oldtown; Joseph Pitcher, Washington; .Abram Place, jr., Paler- 
mo; Richard Sterling, Thomaston; .Asa C. Brickett, Etna; Jeremiah 
B. White, Greenfield. 

THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized in Augusta, in March and 
April, 1S64, to serve three years, and left Apiil iSth for 
Washington, District of Columbia. Upon their arrival at 
Alexandria, Yirginia, they were assigned to the Second 
Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Army Corps, and im- 
mediately marched to Bristow Station, ^'irginia, where 
they remained a few days. On the morning of May 4th, 
broke camp, and on the 6th participated in the battle of 
the Wilderness, in which they lost heavily in killed and 
wounded. On the 12th they were engaged with the 
enemy at Spottsylvania Court House, losing in the en- 
gagement 12 killed, 75 wounded, and 108 missing. On 
the 24th they crossed the North Anna river under a 
heavy fire from the enemy. During the night of the 
26th they re-crossed the Norlh Anna river, and in two 
days reached the Pamunkey river, where they skirmished 
with the enemy on the 29th and 30th. 

On the 31st of May and ist of June they were en- 
gaged with the enemy at Tolopotomoy Creek, and on the 
3d participated in the engagement at Bethesda Church, 
losing 15 killed and 39 wounded. On the 4th they 
marched to Cold Harbor, and remained under fire and 
in frequent skirmishes until the 12th, suffering greatly 
from the shelling and sharpshooters of the enemy. On 
the 1 2th they commenced a long, weary march across 
the Chickahominy and the James rivers, and on the 
16th skirmished with the enemy in front of Petersburg. 
On the 17th they participated in the assault and capture 
of the enemy's works, and from that date until the great 
battle of July 30th they remained constantly under fire, 
losing largely in officers and men. 

In the battle of July 30th, celebrated by the e.vplosion 
of the rebel fort, they were assigned to an important 
position, and were the first to enter the rebel works. 
They lost on that day 10 killed, 31 wounded, and 47 



prisoners. From this time until the battle of the Wel- 
don Railroad, August 18th, they remained under fire be- 
fore Petersburg, doing picket duty. On August i8th 
they went to the support of the Fifth Corps in taking 
the Weldon Railroad, remaining in the front lines until 
September 14th, when relieved and allowed a few days 
of comparative rest. 

On September 30th, in the battle of Poplar Spring 
Church, they rendered most effective service, and lost 
on that day 5 killed, 15 wounded and 16 taken prisoners. 
From the ist until the 27th of October they were en- 
gaged mainly in drilling and on picket duty. At the 
grand onward movement of the 27th of October, they 
were ordered to Fort Fisher, which they occupied and 
garrisoned until the 29th of November, being mean- 
while strengthened by the addition of the Fourth 
and the Sixth companies of Unassigned Infantry, 
organized at Augusta, Maine, on the 4th and 18th 
of October, 1864, to serve one year, and which were 
assigned as companies L and M respectively. On 
the 29th of November the Ninth Corps was ordered to 
relieve the Second Corps, and the regiment was assigned 
to garrison Fort Davis, on the Jerusalem Plank Road, 
in front of Petersburg. 

During the month of December the regiment received 
an accession of 15 officers, and 470 enlisted men by the 
consolidation with it of the Thirty-second Maine volun- 
teers. 

They remained at Fort Davis until February 11, 
1865, when they were ordered to the left and encamped 
near Parke Station on the Army Line and City Point 
Railroad, where they remained until April 2d, on which 
day they were engaged in the assault upon the enemy's 
works and suffered severely. On the 3d of April they 
marched through Petersburg up the South Side Railroad 
in pursuit of the enemy, arriving at Nottoway Court 
House on the 6th. On the 8th they proceeded with a 
detachment of prisoners to Ford's Station, where they 
arrived on the nth, delivered up their charge, and at 
once returned to Burksville Junction. On the 20th of 
April they proceeded to City Point and there embarked 
for Alexandria, Virginia, arriving in that city on the 27th. 

On the ISth of July the regiment was mustered out 
of the United States service near Alexandria, Virginia, 
by Lieutenant E. Rose, Assistant Commissary of Mus- 
ters, and arrived on the 19th at Bangor, Maine, where 
the men were paid and finally discharged on the 27th. 

FIELD AND STAFF. _ 

Colonel Daniel White, Bangor. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Edward L. Gatchell, Bangor. 
Major Daniel White, Bangor. 
Major George .A. Bolton, Bangor. 
.Adjut.ant Roscoe G. Rollins, Bangor. 
Surgeon Preston Fisher, Orono. 
.\ssistanl Surgeon Preston Fisher, Orono. 
.Assistant .Surgeon Sullivan D. Wiggin, Bangor. 
Ouartermaster-Sergeant George E. Holt, Bangor. 
Commissary-Sergeant Henry C. Bagley, Bangor. 
Commissary-Sergeant Charles E. Gatchell, Bangor. 
Principal Musician Emerson Chatinan, Bangor. 
Sergeanl-Major L. O. Merrian, Garland. 
Hospital Steward Sullivan D. Wiggin, Bangor. 



140 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



COMPANY A. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Daniel White, Bangor. 
Captain James Dean, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant James Dean, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant George A. Bolton. Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Stephen D. Benson, Bangor. 
.Second Lieutenant George A. Bolton, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Stephen D, Benson, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant George A. Dickey, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, 

Sergeant Seth E. Drinkwater, Bangor. 
Sergeant Stephen D. Benson, Bangor. 
Sergeant George A. Dickey, Bangor. 
Sergeant William H. H. Stackpole. Kenduskeag. 
Sergeant Robert Carlisle, Bangor. 
Corporal Leonard Trafton, .^Iton. 
Corporal Thomas T. Carey, Eddington. 
Corporal George F. Goldthwait, Bangor. 
Corporal Alfred P. Russ, Kenduskeag. 
Musician Emerson Chatman, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Charles G. Andrew, A. N. Benson, H. C. Bagley, George E. Holt, 
George W. Jones, Frederick Jakins, James H. Belcher, Paul Berry, 
Enoch R. Cutts, Benjamin Chase, Alfred R. Couillard, Jaines Duffy, 
jr., William H. Gulhver, John W. Howard, Charles Lansil, Frank 
McGonagh, Charles H. Prescott, William T. Pierce, Francis Rafferty, 
John Shaniihan, Augustus A. Smith, James Wrenn, George L. West- 
gate, Charles H. Whittier, Bangor; Horace H. Boyington, Everett 
Boyington, Orrin Tobey, Lot Dennis, William P. Tidd, Prentiss; 
Alfred S. Warren, Charles E. Page, Charleston ; James F. Beaih, 
Kenduskeag; James M. Verrill, Edgar J. Sewall, Di.xmont ; Amos 
W. Blackman, Henry Bissell, Daniel W. Harris, Bradley ; George W. 
Sargent, Frederick R. Cole, De.vter ; Charles J. Churchill, Eben D. 
Crosby, Walter Davis, Wilbur F. Eddy, Jerry Moulton, Llewellyn O. 
Rowe, Eddington; Jonathan C. .Spaulding, James £. Erskine, Brad- 
ford; Moses W. Clark, Andrew J. Light, Levi E. Orf, Christopher 
Overlock, Hermon ; Adney Rogers, Dover ; Benjamin C. Nye, George 
J. Livingston, Asa Humphrey, Cyrus Humphrey, jr., Hampden ; Wil- 
liam H. Chapin, Alanson Eldridge, William B. Grindle, Enoch R. 
Nye, Orrington; Henry P. Marshall, Orono; Charles E. Fogg, Otis; 
Allen Gow, Robbinston; Alonzo S. Harriman, Glenburn; Asa J. Mor- 
row, Alton; Leonard R. Merrill, Brewer. 

COMPANY B. 

Captain George A. Bolton. Bangor. 

COMPANY E. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Second Lieutenant Edwin .S. Rogers, Patten. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Samuel A. Crummitt, Patten. 
Wagoner Isaac York, Patten. 

PRIVATES. 

Bradish B. Brown, Wallace T. Blackwell, Layfayette Carpenter, Ed 
ward Curo, .\lonzo R. Clark, Isaac Donhan, David Gonier, John M. 
Gerry, John B. Husey, George O. Lincoln, Horace D. Miles, .-^bner 
H. Pierce, Benjamin Perow, Adoniram B. Smith, Peter Whalen, Pat- 
ten; Charles H. Fanvell, Ezra Eyrick, jr., Alonzo C. Weeks, Mount 
Chase. 

COMPANY F. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain William Currier, Brewer. 
Captain Byron C. Gilmore, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Byron C. Gilmore, Bangor. 
.Second Lieutenant .Albert S. Snow, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Charles B. Cobb, Bangor. 
Sergeant Alfred G. Fickett, Brewer. 
Sergeant Lorenzo D. Parker, Brewer. 
Sergeant Leander O. Merriman, Garland. 
Sergeant George R. Boyer, Bangor. 
Corporal Edward F. Cobb, Bangor. 
Corporal .Anilrew H. Burr. Brewer. 



Corporal Thomas H. Coombs, Bradford. 
Corporal Zeloles Lancaster, Oldtown. 
Corporal George Lunt, Bangor. 
Corporal Frank Scribner, Patten. 
Corporal Hugh Carleton, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Francis A. Cobb, Frederick E. Cook, Daniel Constantine, Daniel Con- 
nell, Samuel Dearborn, jr., Daniel Dwyer, ]olin Duffy, Jeremiah Donovan, 
Bartlett Flaherty, James M. Giffurd, Patrick Gillogly, James E. Hat- 
ton, Daniel E. Hennessey, Sanmel W. Leathers, John Linskey, John 
McLaughlin, William McLellan, Benjamin Pendleton, James Sweeney, 
John O. Sullivan, Nathaniel Teague, Thomas Timmins, Horace C. 
Whitmore, Alex Whitten, Bangor; Uriah Treadwell, Springfield; 
Edward W. Armstrong. Nelson Neddo, Hampden; Josiah J. Murphy, 
Richard K. Champeon, Sumner P. Champeon, Garland; Jefferson 
Bryant, Enfield; George B. Martin, Eddington; George W. Champeon, 
John E. Kimball, Exeter; George V. McCobb, Almanzo Fletcher, 
Bradford; Laforest Cashing, Lagreene F. Gushing, Henry C. Clark, 
Clement L. Densmore, Thomas Fitzgerald, Edward E. Snow, Jeffer- 
son Severance, George .Simpson, Brewer; James McMullen, Maltawam- 
keag; Orrin Larabee. Carroll; Lucien W. Lyon, Aaron Kneeland, 
Lincoln; Frank Davis, Dover; Daniel Estes, George H. Gamett, Wil- 
liam Ladd, Medway; Henry W. Lancaster, Deziah Carrow, Oldtown; 
Edwin A. Freeze, Lagrange; Henry Hains. Holden. 

COMPANY G. 

PRIVATES. 

Lovell A. Towle, Newport; David H. Morrison, Dixmont. 
COMPANY H. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Edward L. Getchell, Bangor. 

Second Lieutenant DeWitt C. Morrill, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Roscoe G. Rollins, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles E. Getchell, Bangor. 
Sergeant Samuel L. Kimball, Patten. 
Sergeant James M. Davis, jr., Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles L. Hackett, Patten. 
Corporal .Amos W. Harriman, Brewer. 
Corporal HoseaJ. King, Bradford. 
Corporal MilesJ. Sweeney, Bangor. 
Corporal Francis P. Hall, Brewer. 
Corporal Charles A. Orff, Exeter. 
Corporal George W. Huntington, Bangor. 
Musician Silsby E. Rowe, Holden. 
Wagoner Charles H. Stocker, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Samuel E. Coombs, Thomas Cuncannon, James M. Davis, John H. 
Harrison, Samuel J. Harrison, Mark T. Hatch, Nelson C. Boynton, 
George Emery, William A. Murray, Martin McLaughlin, Anthony Mc- 
Nair, William Rodgers, Henry N. Smith, Jatnes Everett, L. Wal- 
bridge, Patrick Welch, William Winn, Hosea B. Segro, Bangor; John 
S. Sanborn, William T. Trott, Lagrange; Noah F. Burgers. John G. 
Buswell, George A. Clark, Roscoe G. Tebbetts, Glenburn; Newell 
Weeks, Stetson; Charles Cressy, Reuben Clarke, William C. Doe, 
Henry W. Palmer, Corinth; Charles H. Spearing. Joseph Mansell, 
Morrill Mansell, Hermon: Calvin L. Curtis, Daniel Doliff, .Alton; Wil- 
liam H. Rowell, Bradley; Joseph S. Cowan, George R. Genness, 
Hampden; Benjamin S. Page, James C. Dyer, Veazie; Lewis Cantin, 
Samuel Gowen, Bradford; Patrick Newman, Orono; Charles C. 
Downs, Mellen Gilmore, Brewer; John Murray, Oldtown; Albert G. 
Gould, Corinna; Alvra W. Leighton, Orrington. 

COMPANY I. 

PRIVATES. 

Amasa .S. Folsom, Jere S. Rowe, Newport ; Peter Murry, Joseph J. 
Wiseman, Bangor. 

COMPANY K. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Corporal Benjamin R. Jones, Bangor. 
Corporal Joseph Hart, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

George M. Butterfield, Springfield ; William M. Mancy, Patten. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



141 



COMPANY L. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Captain Alvan D. Brock, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Jewett McPherson, Bangor. 
Sergeant William J. Mills, Bangor. 
Corporal Henry W. Martin, Bangor. 
I orporal Moses F. Hacketl, Brewer. 
Corporal Kranklin Densmore, Bangor. 
Corporal Benjamin G. Bryer. Lagrange. 
Corporal Columbus J. Noble, Bangor. 
Corporal Thomas E. Wiggin, Bangor. 
Musician Kienzo M. Norton, Bangor. 
Wagoner William H. Tibbetts, Exeter. 

PRIV.\TES. 

George H. Bennett, Thomas W. Bennett, Thomas Barry, William 
F. Bean, Charles Belcher, Frederick W. Flye. .Augustus W. Fogg, 
John CJoldthwaite. George A. Hevves, George Kennie, George W. Lit- 
tlefield, Barzilla M. Libby, John McKeague, Nash McKay, Franklin 
N. McKusick, Frank L. Perkins, James A. Srout, Charles G. Sawyer, 
George S. Sullivan, George Tobin, Joseph C. White, jr., Lester B. 
Washburn, .Alvah M. Young, Bangor; Josiah Willey, Bradford ; Ben- 
jamin J. Bagley, Ezekiel Hinkham, Dixmont ; .Andrew J. Taylor, Her- 
mon ; Wilson Hatch, Lagrange ; Thomas Kane, Oldtown ; Joseph N. 
Libby, George H. Patten, Brewer ; Orrin J. McKenney, Adonirani 
McKenney, Entield ; William F. Moore, Holden ; Henry F. Nutter, 
Exeter; John E. Phillips, Glenburn ; .\lban B. Sweat, Howland. 

COMP.\NY M. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain J. Sumner Rogers. Orrington. 
Captain .Alvan D. Brock, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant George L Brown, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant J. Sumner Rogers, Orrington. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Elisha W. Kent, Orrington. 
Sergeant Edward Beathani, Enfield. 

PRIVATES. 

Augustus E. Dinsmore, Edwin E. Willard, Exeter; Henry W. Estes, 
Corinna; Humphrey Grant, Hermon; William Knights, Lee; Charles 
F. Leavitt, Bangor. 

THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY — COMPANY I. 

PRIV.\TES 

Franklin Gram, Peter Murr)-, James J. Wiseman, Bangor. 
FIRST BATTALION INFANTRY. 

This battalion, composed of the Twenty first, Twenty- 
fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth companies of un- 
assigned infantry, recruited at Augusta, Maine, in Feb- 
ruary and March, 1865, to serve one year, and designed 
for the Fifteenth Regiment Maine volunteers, was or- 
ganized as the First Battalion infantry on the 25th of 
May, there being no vacancy in the Fifteenth Maine. 
The above-named companies were lettered A, B, C, and 
D, respectively. The battalion was assigned to the Second 
Brigade, Dwight's Division, then in the Shenandoah Valley, 
and afterwards proceeded to Washington, District of Co- 
lumbia, where they remained until the ist of June, on which 
day they embarked for Savannah, Georgia. On the 6th 
of July the battalion was ordered to South Carolina, and 
did duty at different places in that State until the sth of 
April, 1866, when its term of service having e.xpired, it 
was mustered out of the United States service, at Charles- 
ton, South Carolina, by Major Leslie Smith, Cominissary 
of Musters, and immediately left for Hart's Island, New 
\'ork harbor, where the men were paid and finally dis- 



COMPANV A. 

PRIVATES. 



John B. Dean, Robert Foss, David ^L Gipson, Edward Johnson, 
Newport; Nathaniel Hall, Lowell. 



COMPANY n. 
PRIVATES. 



charged. 



Edwin H. Ham, E.xeter; George VV. Morrill, P.\ssadumkeag; Frank 
H. Oliver, Orono. 

UNASSIGNED CO.Ml'ANIES. 

Thirty companies of infantry were organized at Augusta, 
Maine, in 1864 and 1865, to serve one, two and three 
years, for regiments in the field, and were assigned as 
follows, viz: 

[We give only the paragraphs concerning such com- 
panies as contained men from the Penobscot county.] 

The Third, (Captain Samuel S. Mann,) organized 
September 20, 1864, was assigned to the Ninth regiment 
as Company K, and mustered out of the United States 
service at Raleigh, North Carolina, July 13, 1865, in ac- 
cordance with orders from the War Department. 

The Fourth, (Captain Alvan D. Brock,) organized 
October 4, 1864, was assigned to the Thirty-first Maine 
volunteers as Company L, and mustered out of the 
United States service with that regiment near Alexandria, 
Virginia, July 15, 1865, in accordance with orders from 
the War Department. 

The Fifth, (Captain Addison W. Lewis,) organized 
October 5, 1864, was assigned to the Nineteenth Maine 
volunteers, and the members thereof transferred to the 
several companies of that regiment, with which they were 
mustered out of the United States service May 31, 1865, 
at Bailey's Cross Roads, Virginia, in accordance with 
orders from the War Department. 

The Sixth, (Captain J. Sumner Rogers,) organized 
October 18, 1864, was assigned to the Thirty-first Maine 
volunteers as Company M, and mustered out of the 
United States service with that regiment July 15, 1865, 
near Alexandria, Virginia, in accordance with orders from 
the War Department. 

The Eighth, (Captain George S. Scammon,) organized 
December 17, 1864, was assigned to the Eleventh Maine 
volunteers, and the members thereof transferred to 
Companies I and K of that regiment, and mustered out 
of the United States service at the expiration of their 
term of service. 

The Ninth, (Captain Malcolm W. Long,) organized 
January 21, 1865, was attached to the Engineer Brigade, 
Army of the James, and mustered out of the United 
States service September 5, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia, 
in accordance with orders from the War Department. 

The Tenth, (Captain Edward M. Robinson,) organized 
February 8, 1865, was assigned to the Twelfth Maine 
volunteers as Company E, and mustered out of the 
United States service at Savannah, Georgia, February 16, 
1866, by reason of expiration of term of service. 

The Twelfth, (Captain John Montgomery,) organized 
February 23, 1865, was assigned to the Twelfth Maine 
volunteers as Company F, and mustered out of the 
United States service at Savannah, Georgia, March 3, 
1866, by reason of expiration of term of service. 



142 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The Thirteenth, (Captain John O. W. Paine,) or- 
ganized February 25, 1865, was assigned to the Four- 
teenth regiment as Company E, and mustered out of the 
United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, 
Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. 

The Fourteenth, (Captain James N. Fowler,) organized 
March 4, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth Maine 
volunteers as Company F, and mustered out of the 
United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, 
Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. 

The Fifteenth, (Captain Henry L. Wood,) organized 
March 14, 1865, was assigned to the Twelfth Maine 
volunteers as Company H, and mustered out of the 
United States service at Savannah, Georgia, March 16, 
1866, by reason of expiration of term of service. 

The Si.xteenth, (Ca])tain Horace N. Bolster,) organized 
March 21, 1865, was assigned to the Twelfth Maine 
volunteers as Company K, and mustered out of the 
United States service at Savannah, Georgia, March 17, 
1866, by reason of expiration of term of service. 

The Seventeenth, (Captain Frederick S. Barnard,) or- 
ganized March 16, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth 
Maine volunteers as Company G, and mustered out of 
the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, 
Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. 

The Nineteenth, (Captain Otis Gilmore,) organized 
March 21, 1865, was assigned for duty at Augusta, Maine, 
and mustered out of the United States service May 23, 
1865, at Augusta, Maine, in accordance with orders from 
the War Department. 

The Twentieth, (Captain Joseph H. Freeman,) organ- 
ized March 24, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth 
Maine volunteers, as Company H, and mustered out of 
the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien 
Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. 

The Twenty-first, (Captain Calvin S. Brown,) organized 
March 29, 1865, was assigned to the First Battalion in- 
fantry as Company A, and mustered out of the United 
States service, April 5th, 1866, at Charleston, South 
Carolina, by reason of expiration of term of service. 

The Twenty-second, (Captain Albert L. Spencer,) or- 
ganized March 27, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth 
Maine volunteers as Company I, and mustered out of 
the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, 
Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. 

The Twenty-third, (Captain James W. Libby,) organ- 
ized March 25, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth 
Maine volunteers as Company K, and mustered out of 
the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, 
Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. 

The Twenty-fourth, (Captain Benjamin O. Barrows,) 
organized March 30, 1865, was assigned to the First Bat- 
talion infantry as Company B, and mustered out of the 
United States service April 5, 1866, at Charleston, 



South Carolina, by reason of expiration of term of ser- 
vice. 

The Twenty-eighth, (Captain David B. Chesley). The 
men enlisted for this company were all sworn into the 
United States service by either Provost Marshals or regu- 
larly appointed Mustering Officers. They were never 
mustered into company organization from the fact that re- 
cruiting was stopped before the maximum number of men 
was presented. They were discharged May 13, 1865, 
at Augusta, Maine, in accordance with special instruc- 
tions from the War Department, dated April 30, 1865. 

The Thirtieth, (Captain Samuel L. Oilman,) organized 
April 14, 1S65, remained at Augusta, Maine, and was 
mustered out of the United States service at that place 
May 19, 1865, in accordance with telegraphic instruc- 
tions from the War Department, dated April 29, 1865. 

THIRD COMPANY (iN NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRv). 

George H. Brown, Oldtown. 

FOURTH AND SIXTH COMPANIES. 

(See rolls of Companies L and M, Thirty-first Regiment Infantry.) 

FIFTH COMPANY. 

Shepherd H. Merrow. Oldlown. (.Assigned to Company H, Nine- 
teenlli Regiment infantry.) 

EIGHTH COMPANY. 

Charles E. Elwell, Bangor. (In Company I, Eleventh Regiment 
Infantry.) 

NINTH COMPANY. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Captain Malcolm W- Long, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Perley Elden, Bradford; Willis E. Jackson, Holden; William M. 
Simpson, Corinna. 

TENTH COMPANY (COMPANY E, TWELFTH REGIMENT IN- 
FANTRY.) 

PRIVATES. 

Enos S. Burlingame, Oldtown; -Samuel W. Clifford, Brewer; Electns 
Oakes, Electus Oakes, jr., Hampden. 

TWELFTH COMPANY (iN COMPANY F, TWELFTH REGIMENT 
INFANTRY.) 

Corporal Fred .\. Small, Bangor. 

THIRTEENTH COMPANY (COMPANY E, FOURTEENTH REGI- 
MENT INFANTRY). 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain |ohn O. W. Paine, Bangor. 

First Lieutenant .Adolphus J. Chapman, Newburg. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant George A. Pritchard, Bangor. 
Sergeant .Andrew F. White, Greenfield. 
Sergeant Benjamin F. Simpson, Dixmont. 
Sergeant Daniel O. Billings, Bangor. 
Corporal James B. Craig, Dixmont. 
Corporal .Albert S. Smith, Newburg. 
Corporal George Bean, Carmel. 

PRIVATES. 

Albert Cookson, John Patterson, Carmel; Charles .A. Oakman, Cor- 
inth; William C. Durgan, Wilbert D. Farnham, Dixmont; .Albert F. 
Davis, Howland; Charles H. Dole, Ernest .A. Penny, Brewer; Orrin 
Howes, Newburg; Charles Libby, Bradford; Charles N. Massure, 
Bangor; Stephen W. Nichols, Orrington; George W. Robinson, 
Hampden; Roswell Richardson, Greenfield. 

FOURTEENTH COMPANY (COMPANY F, FOURTEENTH REGI- 
MENT infantry). 

PRIVATES. 

Samuel Bodge, Obadiah M. Banks, Job Kelley, Frederick M. Whit- 
tier, Hermon; William Palmer, .Albert E. Powers, William G. Lee, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



m: 



Bangor; William D. Bean, Winfield S. Lord, Charleston; Rufus Davis, 
Newburg; Parker A. Matthews, Bradford B. Southard, Samuel M. 
Short, BradfordiUohn W, Morrill, Howland, Joseph A. Seger, Brewer. 

» 

fifteenth comtany (comp.vny h, twelfth regiment 
inf.antry). 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Captain Henry I.. Wood, Dexter. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Charles F. Fletcher, De.\ter. 
Sergeant Benjamin .Snow, Orrington. 
Corporal Myron Webster, Orrington. 
Musician John H. .Mellor, De.\ter. 

PKIV.^TES. 

E\'erelt .S. Baker, Orrington; .Alasco Carey, Edwin S. Fuller, La- 
grange; Alonzo M. Eaton, Eben W. Murch, David Palmer, Cyrus G. 
Stanley, Henry S. Thorne, Plymouth; Rufus A. Smith, Newburg; 
.■\bner C. Mann, Argyle; Eli Fletcher, Bradford; Horatio Harriman, 
Lorenzo Harriman, Greenbush. 

sixteenth comp.\ny (co.mpany k, twelfth refllment 
inf.yntry). 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Josiah P. Cobb, Lowell. 
Corporal George H. Moore, Lowell. 

PKIVATKS. 

William C. Brooks, Wilson Hill, Freeman Moore, Holtis .\. Moore, 
Daniel Smart, jr.. Lowell; Frederick W. Preble, Bradford; Henry M. 
Parks, Resben Prescott, Jeremiah S. Felker, Hermon; Samuel T. 
Mann, .Argyle. 

SEVENTEENTH COMPANY (COMP.ANY G, FOURTEENTH REG- 
IMENT infantry). 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Gershom Rogers, Bangor. 
Corporal Henry P. Landers, Bangor. 

PR1V.\TES. 

Charles A. F. Brodbeck, William M. McLaughlin, Nelson Mc- 
Laughlin, Bangor; Rinaldo -A. Tidd, Prentiss; Henry C. Staples, 
E.xeter; Henry W. Sweetser. Horace C. Chapman, Newburg; Charles 
F. Kmiball, Bradley; .Asbury .A. Moody, Carroll; Marion H. Osgood. 
Newport. 

NINETEENTH COMPANY. 
COM.MISSIONED OFFICER. 

Captain Oli'; Gilmore, Holden. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant James Winslow, Brewer. 

Sergeant .Ansel J . Rankin, Brewer. , 

Corporal .Alvah (i. Skinner, Brewer. 

Corporal Leander Leach, Brewer. 

PRIVATES. 

James Bickford, .Aquilla Chase, Josiah Emery, Di.xmont; Eliphalot 
Washburn, Zenas M. Shaw, Charles Rogers, f>ank Merrill, .Adelbert 
M. Gray, Henry Dority, Brewer; Charles H. Card, Glenburn; Joseph 
McQua, Peter Cromier, Oldtown; Charles G. Trask, Nathan (i. Dyer, 
Bradford; Francis Gustin, Etna; George N. Holland, Hampden; 
Stephen M. Johnson, Lee; Fred O. Overlook, Danforth Snow, Her- 
mon; Joseph F. Smith, .Alton; Edward W. Weymouth, Carroll. 

TWENTIETH COMPANY (COMPANY H, FOURTEENl'H RF:gI- 
MENT INFANTRY). 
Private Spencer Colby, Holden. 

TWENTY- Fl RST COM P.\ N \ . 
(.See Co. .A, First battalion infantry). 

TWENTY-SECOND CO-MPANY (COMPANY I, FOURTEENTH REG- 
IMENT infantry). 

COMMISSIONED OFFICEK.S. 

Captain .Albert L. Spencer, Bangor. 

First Lieutenant .Aniericus D. Harlow, Bangor. 

.Second Lieutenant Wilson Crosby, Bangor. 



NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

.Sergeant .Albert T. Titcomb, Bangor. 
Sergeant Thomas .A. Jones, Bangor. 
Sergeant Tristram Haskell, Bangor. 
Sergeant John M. Rice, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles .A. Fuller, Bangor. 
Corporal Timothy J. Cleaveland, Bangor. 
Corporal La Roy Finson, Bangor. 
Corporal Lorenzo W. Starbird, Bangor. 
Corporal William H. Severance, Bangor. 
Corporal Charles .A. Fenno, Bangor. 
Corporal Dee Henry Shepard, Bangor. 
Corporal Henry -A. Tibbetts, Bangor. 
Corporal George IC. Jewett, Bangor. 
Musician .Albion Morris, Bangor. 

PRIV.^TFS. 

.Alanson .Annis, Eben .Andrews, Enoch H. Bunkei, Timothy Crow- 
ley, Charles E. Crockett, Elliot W. Corson, Albert L. Chick, Edmund 
.A. Duren, Otis W. Davis. William Dining, W'illiam H. Durgin, Frank 
Durgin, Lemuel P. Edminster, George W. Estabrooks, George G. 
Estabrooks, Frank R. Fuller, .Albert W. Forbes, Eugene P. F'airbanks. 
Charles H. Fifield, Jesse .A. Fairbanks, Albert S. Field, Edmund Free- 
man, Levi B. Getchell, William N. Gillies, Paris W. Godfrey, Benja- 
min Hodge, Edwin L. Heal, James Harrington, Daniel L. Hennessy, 
Edward H. Haskell, John H. Head, Martin Higgins, George H. Irish, 
Charles Inman, Isaiah W. James. George .S. Kimball, Jotham Lord, 
George D. Lunt, Dayton W. Lake, Richard Landers, Van R. Little- 
field, Andrew J. McFadden, Laforest F. Moody, John .A. McCusick, 
Howard Merrill, Joseph W. Millikin, .Alexander McKinnon, Michael 
Mehan, James G. Percival, Charles H. Page, Weston S. Patten, David 
F. Pierce. William H. Pricliard, Franklin Patten, Horatio P. Perry, 
Willie R. Pitman, Frederick W. Pierce, Willard B. Peaks, Richard J. 
Robinson, John S. Rogers, Elijah Rogers, William S. Rackliffe, 
Charles B. Rundlett, George F. Sleeper, David Simpson, jr., Truman 
H. Snow. Charles .A. Sleeper, William L. Seavey, James W. C. Star- 
bird, George F. Snow, George H. Tenney, John R. Thompson, James 
H. Tracy. David K. Tuck, Horace F. Woods, John .A. Woodworth, 
Joseph H. Washburn, Daniel W. Warren. Elmer L. Winslow, John 

B. Young, Michael Coate, William Corbett, Erastus R. Gray, Michael 
LeClair, Bangor; .Allen T. Hodgkins, Jonathan W. Metcalf, Natlian 

C. Prichard, Oldtown; Charles .A. Oakman, Corinth. 

TWENTY-THIRn COMPANY (COMPANY K, FOURTEENTH REG- 
IMENT infantry). 

PKIV.\TES. 

Eben H. HoU, Hermon; William H. Kilgore, John S. Rogers, Ban- 
gor; Charles H. Merrill, Prentiss; Calvin M. Ohiistead, Martin G. 
Woodward, Springfield; Moses M. P.age. Oldtown; Leonard F. Smith, 
Orrington; James M. .Sanborn, Hampden; Benjamin H. Fowle. La- 
grange. 

TWENTY-FOURTH COMPANY. 

(See Co. B, First battalion infantry). 

TWENTY-EIGHTH COMPANY. 

PRIV.\TES. 

John H. Gowen, James W. Tolman, Bangor; John Holbrook, Ply- 
mouth; Samuel S. Hinckley, Oldtown; Stillman B. Judkins, Gail.ind; 
John E. Ward, Veazie. 

THIRTIETH COMPANY. 
PRIVATES. 
Henry H. Larrabee, Elias B. Trask, .Springfield. 
COAST GUARDS BATTALION. 

This organization, composed of seven companies of 
infantry, was ori^anized at Belfast, .\ugusta, and East- 
port, Maine, as follows: 

Company A (Captain Charles Baker), was mustered 
into United States service at Belfast, Maine, March i8, 
1864, to serve three years. The company left for Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, on the 2d of May, 1864, 
and immediately upon its arrival at that place was as- 
signed to garrison Fort Washington, Maryland, which it 
occupied imtil May, 1865, when it was ordered to 



144 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



Maine. On the 25th day of May, 1865, the company 
was mustered out of the United States service at Port- 
land, Maine, by Captain C. Hohiies, United States 
Army, in accordance with the orders from the War De- 
partment. 

Company I), (Captain Charles F. King,) mustered in- 
to the United States service at Augusta, Maine, January 

6, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years, was stationed 
at Machiasport, Maine, and was mustered out of the 
United States service September 6, 1865, at Portland, 
Maine, by Captain C. Holmes, United States Army, in 
accordance with orders from the War Department. 

Company E, (Captain James L. Hunt,) mustered into 
the United States service at Augusta, Maine, January 

7, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years, was stationed 
at Rockland, Maine, and was mustered out of the 
United States service at Augusta, Maine, July 7, 1865, 
by Captain W. G. Rankin, Thirteenth United States 
infantry, in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. 

Company F, (Captain Charles F. Conant,) mustered 
into the United States service at Augusta, Maine, Janu- 
ary 6, 1865, to serve one year, was stationed at Belfast, 
Maine, and was mustered out of the United Stales ser- 
vice July 7, 1865, at Augusta, Maine, by Captain W. G. 
Rankin, Thirteenth United States infantry, in accord- 
ance with orders from the War Department. 

Company G, (Captain Winslow Roberts,) mustered 
into the United States service March i, 1865, to serve 
one year, was stationed at Augusta, Maine, and after- 
wards at Calais, Maine. It was mustered out of the 
United States service at Augusta, Maine, July 6, 1865, 
by Captain W. G. Rankin, Thirteenth United States 
infantry, in accordance with orders froiri the War De- 
partment. 

C0MP.4NY A. 

First Lieutenant Charles A. Barker. Bangor. 
Private Henry C. Hammond, Milford. 

COMPANY D. 

PRIVATES. 

Tliomas J. Goodwin, Natlian C. Grose, Oldtown; Alonzo A. Har- 
riman, William Jeffers, Bangor; Eben O. Weed, Argyle. 

COMPANY E. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Second Lieutenant Henry E. Sellers, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Corporal Harlow M. Hall, Hermon. 
Corporal Nicholas G. Reed, Bangor. 
Corporal James H. Clark, Garland. 
Corporal William H. Colby, Bangor. 
Corporal Abiather W. Carll. Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

George F. .Annis, William H. Pettee. Henry F. Derry, Hiram Emer- 
son, John W. Cjarland. William F. Johnson, George F. Luce, Eleazar 
Webber, jr.. Hermon; Charles W. Boden, Jonathan W. Coflfin, Norris 
U. Condon, John Davis, David G. Gillespie, George B. Hicks, Cyrus 
E. Hewes, Frank H. Jewell, Joseph M. Maxfield, William C. Perry, 
Timothy S. Ripley, Eldridge K. Trask, John Verplast, Bangor; Fred 
C. Coan, Henry E. Flanders, Adelbert Holt, George T. Haley, 
Charles E. Merriani, James W. Page, .Samuel D. Rankin, Raymond 
Stillings, Roger Stillings. William H. Skillings, Garland; Eben Tasker, 
Chelsea. 

COMPANY K. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

.Sergeant George Roberts, Dexter. 
.Sergeant .Stanley A. Plunimer, Dexter. 



Sergeant George F. Fitzgerald, Dexter. 
Corporal Benjamin F. Eldridge, Dexter. 

PRIVATES. 

Sumner Brawn, William M. Johnson, Dexter; Peter Bohn, William 
B..Lowney, Bangor; Rowell F. Copeland. George L. Hart, Holden; 
Ira F. Sidelinker, Hermon. 

COMPANY G. 
NON-COMMISSrONED OFFICER. 

Corporal Edwin .A. Reed, Springfield. 

PRIVATES. 

Jarvis C. Clark, Jacob H. Gould, Ira Gould, Henry B. Lewis, Spring- 
field; Appleton Gould, Charles F. Pratt, George , A. Rice, Frederick A. 
Savage, Bangor; Eleazer Robhins, Hudson. 

MILITIA COMPANIES. 

Three companies of militia were mustered into the 
service of the United States in 1864, to serve in forts on 
the coast of Maine, as follows: 

Company A, (Captain Llewellyn J. Morse,) of First 
Regiment of State Guards Infantry, was mustered into 
the United States service at Bangor, Maine, July 7, 1864, 
to serve sixty days, and was stationed at Fort McClary, 
Kittery, Maine. It was mustered out of the United 
States service at Bangor, Maine, September 8, 1864, by 
Captain C. Holmes, United States Infantry. 

Company B, (Captain Josiah S. Ricker,) of First Regi- 
ment of State Guards Infantry, was mustered into the 
United States service at Bangor, Maine, to serve sixty 
days, and was stationed at Fort McClary, Kittery, Maine. 
It was mustered out of the United States service at 
Bangor, Maine, November 7, 1864, by Captain C. Mac- 
michael. Ninth United States Infantry. 

Company H, (Captain Sylvanus Cobb, jr.,) of First 
Regiment Light Infantry, consolidated with a detach- 
ment of Comjxany G, same regiment, was mustered into 
the United States service at Fort McClary, Kittery, 
Maine, April 27, 1S64, to serve si.xty days, and stationed 
at that jilace. It was mustered out of the United 
States service July 9, 1864, at Portland, Maine, by Lieu- 
tenant J. H. Walker, Fourteenth United States Infantry. 

COMPANY A, STATE GUARDS INFANTRY. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Llewellyn J.' Morse, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Roby Ireland, Bangor. 
.Second Lieutenant Marshall Dyer, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Daniel Holman, Bangor. 
Sergeant Charles N. Rand, Bangor. 
Sergeant William H. H. Pitcher, Bangor. 
.Sergeant John T. McNamara, Bangor. 
Sergeant Samuel T. Case, Bangor. 
Corporal Albert P. Baker, Bangor. 
Corporal Willis B. Bridges, Bangor. 
Corporal Daniel O. Butterfield, Bangor. 
Corporal Norris K. Bragg, Bangor. 
Corporal Daniel M. Bickniore, Bangor. 
Corporal John H. Libby, Bangor. 
Corporal Daniel F. Brackett, Bangor. 
Corporal Edward S. Perry, Bangor. 

PRIVATE.S. 

William H. Adams, William O. Ayer, jr., William L. Burton, Her- 
mon Bartlett, John Bartlett, Nicholas L. Berry, Charles H. Bryant, 
Winslow H. Curtis, Winslow L. Chase, Daniel S. Collins, John W. 
Dole, Scott Dunbar, George W. Estabrooks, Eugene P. Fairbanks, 
Albert W. Forbes, t:harles W. Godfrey, Charles M. Griffin, David G. 
Gillespie, William H. Gilligan, Hannibal Hamlin, James H. Hayes, 
Edward W. Holt, Robert N. Harris, Harry C. Hallowell, Edward K. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



■45 



Haskell. Tristram W. Haskell, Llewellyn Haskell, James Hayes, 
Hiram S. Higsjins, Ora Haley, DeWitt C. Johnson, Thomis A. Jones. 
Fred C. Jones, Charles K. Jewelt, John H. James, James F. Kimball. 
Sanforcf C. Lambert, John McNaughton, John B. Megguire, Joseph 
M, Maxfield, George S. Nfaxwell, .-Vlbion Morris, Alexander Margesson, 
Wellington H. McAllister, Jewett McPherson, J. Fiank Newmarch 
Sumner C. Paine, Charles F. Pratt, James Pattee, Willard B. Peakes, 
Heorge W. Renshan, Lewis Robinson, Truman H. Snow, C^harles 
Smith, Charles W. Smith, Charles E. Smith, Charles O, Sawtelle, 
James S. Pratt, John W. Sleeper, Charles A. Sleeper, George F. 
Sleeper, George H. Stetson, George Tenny, Charles F. Thorns, Frank 
S. Trickey, John K. Wallace, Parkman S. Warren, William H. 
Wheeler, jr., John A. Woodworth, John H. Webster, Clement D. 
Wier, Calvin G. Weld, Edward T. WoodhuU, John B. Young, James 
S. Young, Bangor; Herbert C. Arey, Granville Baker, Alonzo L. 
Thaver, Hampden; Andrew J. Taylor, Hermon; Parker Doe, Orono; 
George T. Rowe, Holden; Joseph A. Sterns, Brewer. 

COMPANY B. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Josiah .S. Ricker, Bangor. 

First Lieutenant Theodore C. Johnson, Bangor. 

Second Lieutenant George W. Stevens. Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Russell S. Morrison, Bangor. 
.Sergeant Kphraim G. Thurston, Bangor. 
Sergeant James P. Walker, Bangor. 
Sergeant John F. Kimb.tll, Bangor. 
Sergeant Wilbur F. Brann, Bangor. 
Corporal Roscoe G. Cary, Bangor. 
Corporal John T. Gilnian, Bangor. 
Corporal Joseph W. Freese, Bangor. 
Corporal Benjamin E. Walker, Bangor. 
Corporal John T. Strickland, Bangor. 
Corporal Joseph F. Tewksbury, Bangor. 
Corporal Charles B. Dodd, Bangor. 
Corporal .Augustus M. Daggett, Bangor. 
Musician John B. Megguire, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Edward P. .Appleton, Frederic H. Appleton, Charles M. Bunker, 
George F. Barker, Thomas C. Barker, Leonard H. Bunker, George 
H. Bowen, Henry R. Bradford, Charles W. Burbank, Enoch F. Chand- 
ler, James M. Clark, John W. Coffin, James Cole, David E. Costellow, 
Patrick Crowley, Alfred G. Curtis, George W. Curtis, Frank Dudley, 
Charles F. Danforth, Charles Drew, Edwin Drew, Frederick I^. Drew, 
Charles H. Fifield, Isaac E. Fifield, James .A. Fogg, Frank French, 
Arthur E. Gilnian, George .'\. Gullifer, Moses E. Ham, Walter S. Hel- 
lier, Edwin Houston, Job Kelly, George Lansil, Gilbert I,. Leighton, 
William B. Loriney, George S. McDonald, Thomas Murray, James L. 
Mountain, Henry C. Parker, Charles T. Peiry, George .A. Pritchard, 
John (). W. Paine, Albert H. Parker, Warren L. Raynes. George W. 
Richardson, .Albert H. Roberts, John S. Rogers, Charles Shepard, 
Thomas Shepard, Frederick A. Small, Emore C. Smart, Thomas H. 
Smith, George F. Snow, Frederic Staples, ]. Frank St. Clair, Eben 
Stevens, Samuel B. Stevens, Samuel B. Stone, jr., Charles G. Taylor, 
Frank Thurston, Calvin .A. Webb, William T. Webster, Henry W. 
Wiswell, Charles O. Wood, Ellery C. Young, Bangor; Joseph Arey. 
George A. Gates, Charles H. Dole, Joseph Grener, .Sheldon J. Nealey, 
lOrnest A. Penny, Willard H. Pond, James A. Winslow, Brewer; Wil- 
liam B. Peabody, Levant; Andrew J. Orcutt, Joshua S. Kenney, Hol- 
den; Frank H. Jewell, Hermon; George A. Crawford, Hampden. 

SECOND UNITED .STATES SHARI'SHOOTERS. 

This company was organized at Augusta, Maine, 
November 2, 1861, to serve three years. They left the 
.State November 13th, with the Eleventh regiment Maine 
volunteers, and on their arrival at Washington, District 
of Columbia, was attached to the Second regiment of 
United States sharpshooters as Company D, They were 
stationed at or near Washington until March 19, 1862, 
when they were assigned to General King's Division, 
then attached to McDowell's Cori:)s, During the year 
1S62, they shared in many important skirmishes and 



actions. In the battles near Manassas, the advance to 
Sharpsburg, at .>\ntietam, and at Fredericksburg, their ser- 
vices were most effective. On the 15th of December, 
they re-crossed the Rappahannock river from Fredericks- 
burg, and went into camp near Stoneman's Station, Vir- 
ginia, where they remained until .•Xpril 28, 1863, when 
they advanced towards Fredericksburg. Crossing the 
Rappahannock on May ist, they participated in the en- 
gagement at Chancellorsvilie on the next day, and re- 
treated across the river on the 5th. On the istof June, 
they proceeded towards Pennsylvania, and took a promi- 
nent part in the battle of Gettysburg on the 2d and 3d 
of July, after which they re-crossed into Virginia and 
encamped on the ist of December near Brandy Station, 
where, on the 31st, all of the men present re-enlisted for 
an additional term of three years, and on the 6th of 
January, 1864, left for Maine, having been granted a 
furlough of 30 days. They re -assembled at .\ugusta, 
and there remained until the 24th of February. On the 
latter day they left for the front, and rejoined their regi- 
ment at Brandy Station, Virginia, on the ist of March. 
They remained attached to the Second regiment United 
States sharpshooters, participating in all the actions and 
movements in which that regiment was engaged, until 
the 1 8th of February, 1865, when, in accordance with 
War De[)artment Special Order No. 47, of January 30, 
1865, the company was transferred to and consolidated 
with the several companies of the Seventeenth regiment 
inl'antry, .Maine volunteers. 

COMPANY 1). 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Corporal Bingham S. Edgeley, Greenbush. 
Corporal Wilson R. Woodard, Bangor. 
Corporal Josiah Gray, Prentiss. 

PRIVATES. 

James C. Bradbury, Elisha H. Hodgdon, George Roberts, Burling- 
ton; James Doyle, James A. Osgood, Springfield; George W. Richard- 
son, Charles S. White, Franklin Riggs, Greenbush; Leonard A. 
Small, Carmel; Charles W. Smith, Charles H. Trask, Leonard P. 
Mann, Greenfield. 

FIRST REOIMENT SH.ARl'SHOOTERS. 

This regiment, composed of six companies, was or- 
ganized at Augusta, Maine, to serve one and three years. 
Companies A and B were sent to the field November 12, 
1864, and on their arrival at City Point, X'irginia, as- 
signed to the defences. Meanwhile authority was given 
to raise comjianies C, D, E, and F, which were organ- 
ized November 29th, December 2d, November 28th, and 
December 29th, respectively. Leaving Camp Coburn, 
.•\ugusta, on December 7th and 30th, they proceeded 
to Galloupe's Island, Boston Harbor, where they re- 
mained until January i, 1865, when they were ordered 
to City Point. .Arriving on the 5th, they immediately 
joined the two companies already at that jilace, and re- 
mained until the 21st, when it was discovered by the 
War Dejjartment that no authority existed for such a 
regimental organization, and accordingly the Lieutenant- 
Colonel commanding was mustered out of service. The 
command was then ordered to report to the Fifth Army 
Corps, and on June 21st, the several companies were 
consolidated with the Twentieth .Maine iiifaiury. 



146 



HISTORY OF I'ENOllSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



COMPANY A. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant George M. Lufkiii. Bangor. 
Corpora! William Sprague, Lee. 
Corpora! Tiioniai Douglierty, Passadnnikeag. 
Corporal John .Simpson, Lincoln. 

I'RIVATES. 

John W. Bartlett, Franklin Ramsdell. Garland; Martin V. Bodwelh 
William C. Hanson, William- R. Ladd, Joseph Nute, George H. 
Perry, Lincoln; Aurelius Cushman, William Crockett, Charles R. 
Oliver, Carroll; Henry Giles, Orono; Abner Hanscom, Benjamin Lan- 
caster, John E. Ludden, Lee; George E. S. Hutchins, Carmel; Jere- 
miah Philbrook, Springfield; John .Simmons, Bangor. 

COMPANY B. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

.Sergeant William Hussey, Dixmont. 

PRIVATES. 

Sewall Douglass, Veazie; Joseph Grenier, Brewer. 
COMPANY C. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Corporal .Allen Harmon, Winn. 

PRIVATE.S. 

Charles H. Folsom, Newburg; Lyman E. Gould, Di.xmont; .Alfred 
II Gould, Corinna; Rufus L. Jones, Carmel; William Shaw, Bangor. 

COMPANY E. 
PRIVATES. 

Edw.ircl Carroll, Frank Cavanagh, Thomas I-'arley, Morris Harring- 
ton, John Martin. Corinna; Horace Knight, Brewer; Sidney H. Sin- 
clair, Springfield; Henry -A. 'I'ilton, I'Una. 

COMPANY F. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Corporal Edwin D. Gould, Brewer. 
Corporal John Marshall, Springfield. 

PRIV.'kTES. 

Samuel F. Carr, Henry Hayes, William McGlade, Henry West, 
Bangor; John Smith, Orono; Leonard H. Tibbetts, Hernion. 

FIRST REGIMENT CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, 
November 5, 1861, for three years. Companies \, D, K, 
and K, under command of Colonel .Allen, took their de- 
parture March 14, 1862, arriving in Washington on the 
19th; on the 20th comiianies H, I, H, and M, under 
Major Dout)', left Augusta, and arrived in Washington 
on the 24th, and were joined on the 28th by companies 
C, G, K, and L, under Major Stowell. Companies A, 
B, E, H, and M, under I.ieutenant-Colonel Uouty, 
joined General Banks' corps at Strasburg, Virginia, May 
iith, and were assigned to Cleneral Hatch's Cavalry 
Brigade. The remaining seven companies were assigned 
to General Abercombie's Brigade, and shortly afterwards 
to General Ord's Division at Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

On the 23d, Lieutenant-Colonel Douty, with his com- 
mand and two companies of the First Vermont Cavalry, 
made a charge on the enemy at Middletown, Virginia, 
losing 176 horses with as many horse equipments; and 
then assisted in covering General Banks' retreat to Wil- 
liams[)ort by way of Winchester. On the loth of July, 
the companies under command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
Douty joined the regiment at Warrenton, Virginia; and 
on the 9th of August the whole regiment, under coin- 
niand of Colonel Allen, attached to Bayard's Brigade, 
took jjart in the battle of Cedar Mountain, Virginia. 
They retreated with General Pope's forces to Fairfax 



Court House, Virginia, where they arrived September 
3d, and reported to General Reno, having had an en- 
gagement with the enemy at Brandy Station on the 
morning of August 20th. The regiment arrived at 
Washington, District of Columbia, on the 4th of Sep- 
tember, was attached to Burnside's Cori)s, and partici- 
pated on the i2lh in the engagement at Frederick, 
Maryland, where the regiment (with the exception of 
companies G, M, and H,) remained encamped, Colonel 
Allen receiving the appointment of Military Governor. 

Company G, acting as General Reno's body guard, 
participated in the battle of South Mountain, Maryland, 
on the 14th; and companies M and H, under General 
F. J. Porter, in that of .Antietam on the 17th. 

The total number of horses lost in action and worn 
out in service during the year amounied to nearly 700. 

The regiment was relieved from duty at Frederick, 
Maryland, on November 2d, and December nth was 
assigned to General Bayard's Cavalry Brigade, at Fal- 
mouth, Virginia, afterwards commanded by (leneral 
Gregg, under whose command the regiment remained 
until February 20, 1863, when it was assigned to the 
First Brigade, Third Division, Colonel J. Kilpatrick 
commanding. From April 13th to June 8th the regi- 
ment was engaged in several reconnoissances and engage- 
ments, and on the 17th participated in the action at 
Aldie, Virginia, Colonel Douty being killed while gallantly 
charging at the head of his men, also Captain Summatt 
while rallying his men under a murderous fire of grape 
and canister. On the 19th the regiment was engaged at 
Middleburg, Virginia, at Up|)erville, Virginia, on the 21st, 
and arrived at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2d, where 
it was engaged in a severe cavalry fight on the right of 
the Federal lines on the 3d. At Shepherdstown, on the 
1 6th, the regiment went to the support of the pickets of 
the Tenth New York, who were attacked by the enemy 
in large force, led by General .Stuart, and was engaged 
in a severe and hotly contested fight, lasting till after 
dark. From August 24th to December 23d, tlic regi- 
ment was engaged in several battles, skirmishes, and re- 
connoissances. From the latter date to January i, 1864, 
it was encamped near Bealton Station, Virginia, whetj 
they proceeded with the Second Division Cavalry Corps 
to Front Royal, returning on the 4th to Warrenton, and 
there remained engaged in ))icket and other duties until 
February 27th, on which day 300 men re])orted to Gen- 
eral Kilpatrick for duty in the expedition to Richmond, 
during which the detachment participated in several en- 
gagements with the enemy; returned by transports to 
Alexandria, Virginia, arriving there on the 12th of March, 
having lost during the raid, in killed, wounded, and mis- 
sing, 93 men and over 200 hoises. On the 7th and 8th 
of May the regiment had a severe engagement with the 
enemy at Todd's Tavern, and on the 9th the regiment 
moved with the Cavalry Corps on General Sheridan's 
first raid, until within three miles of Richmond, and 
went into camp near Pole-cat river, when the raid ended. 
On the 2d of June the regiment was engaged with the 
enemy on the Cold Harbor Road, when Chaplain Bart- 
lett was instantly killed by a solid shot. On the i itli 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



147 



the regiment participated in the action at Trevilian's 
Station, on the 24th at St. Mary's Church, losing in killed, 
wounded, and missing, 10 otificers and 58 enlisted men. 
On the 2Slh ot' July had a sharp engagement with the 
enemy near .Malvern Hill. On the 16th of August par- 
ticipated in the engagement on the Charles City Road; 
at Dinwiddle Court House on the 23d, and at Ream's 
Station on the 24th, losing during the month of August 
in killed, wounded, and missing, 49 men and 75 horses. 
During this month seven companies of the First District 
of Columbia Cavalry were transferred and assigned to 
the several companies of this regiment by Special Order 
No. 17, War Department, series of 1864. In October 
the regiment was engaged in the actions at Gravelly 
Creek and Uoydton Plank Road, returning to camp near 
the Jerusalem Plank Road on the 29th, the casualties 
during the month being 11 killed, 55 wounded, and 13 
missing. The original members of the regiment whose 
term of service expired November 4, 1864, were mustered 
out of the United States service at .\ugusta, Maine, No- 
vember 25, 1864. During the month of December the 
regiment was engaged in scouting and picketing. Dur- 
ing the year 1864 the casualties in this regiment were as 
follow: Commissioned officers killed in action or died 
from wounds, 7; wounded, 13; missing in action, 4; en- 
listed men killed in action or died from wounds, 69; 
wounded, 202; missing in action, 126. 

On the 5th of F'ebruary, 1865, the regiment started for 
Hatcher's Run and returned on the 8th, remaining in 
camp until the 26th, on which day and the two following 
it served as a support to the Ninth Corps in front of 
Petersburg. On the 31st, being at Cat-tail Run, it par- 
ticipated in one of the most obstinately contested en- 
gagements of the campaign, losing i killed and 4 wounded 
commissioned officers, and 70 wounded and 6 enlisted 
men missing. It also participated in the closing battles 
of the war, and was mustered out of the United States 
service at Petersburg, Virginia, August x, 1865, arriving 
at Augusta, Maine, on the 9th, where the men were paid 
and finally discharged. 

FIELD AND ST.M'K. 

Major Warren L. W'liitney, Bangor. 
Major Jonathan P. C'illoy. Thoniastun. 
Major George M. lirown, Bangor. 
Major Sidney W. Thaxter, Bangor. 
Major Joel W. Cloudman, Stetson. 
(jLiartermaster Andrew Griffin, Bangor. 
Cliaplain lienjamin K. Tefl, Bangor. 
Ciiaplain Satnuel P'uller, Brewer. 
Quartermaster-Sergeant Orrin S. Hasl<ell, Levant. 
.Sergeanl-Maior tllisha A. Clifford, Lincoln. 
Saddler Sergeant Henry W. Norwood, Bangor. 
Chief Bugler Hudson Sawyer, Levant. 

COMPANY A. 
COMMISSIO.NED UFFICEKS. 

Captain Warren L. Whitney, Bangor. 
Captain Sidney W. Thaxter, Bangor. 
Captain Llewellyn G. Estes, Oldtown. 
Captain Horace S. Cole, Hampden. 
First Lieutenant Charles S. Crosby, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant .Sidney W. Thaxter, Bangor. 
P'irst Lieutenant Llewellyn G. Lstes, Okltown. 
First Lieutenant Hor.ace S. Cole, Hampden. 
First Lieutenant Miles Colbalh, Exeter. 



First Lieutenant Orrin S. Haskell, Levant. 
.Second Lieutenant Sidney W. Thaxter, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Horace S. Cole, Hampden. 
Second Lieutenant Miles Colbath. Exeter. 
.Second Lieutenant Orrin .S. Haskell, Levant. 
Second Lieutenant Leander M. Comins, Lincoln. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Sergeant Alonzo ]. .Sawyer, Bangor. 

Commissary Sergeant Benjamin F. Fogg, .Stetson. 

Sergeant Llewellyn G. Estes, Oldtown. 

Sergeant Horace S. Cole, Hampden. 

Sergeant Qiristopher .'\. Page, Bangor. 

.Sergeant Preston B. Wing, Levant. 

Sergeant Samuel W. Lane, Hampden. 

.Sergeant Prentice M. Clark, Levant. 

Sergeant James M. Hall, Eddington. 

Corporal Sidney W. Clark, Levant. 

Corporal Milton C. Chapman, Newburg. 

Corporal George W. Snow, Newburg. 

Corporal James M. Hall, Orono. 

Corporal Evander Oakes, Greenbush. 

Corporal Warren O. Dougherty, Charleston. 

Corporal Benjamin F. Fogg, Stetson. 

Corporal .Alonzo J. Sawyer, Bangor. 

Corporal Horace H. Lowell, Lee. 

Corporal Charles McLaughlin, Oldtown. 

Corporal James B. Farnham, Newburg. 

Bugler Richard E. Whiteley, Levant. 

Bugler Joseph W. Bartlett, Bangor. 

Farrier Joseph M. Batchelor, Foxcroft. 

Farrier Frederick A. Harriman. Bangor. 

Farrier Charles .\. Sergeant, Brewer. 

Wagoner Eli W. Rowe, Brewer. 

Wagoner Robert Rolliston, Oldtown. 

PRIV.\TES. 

Prentice M. Clark, Augustus Lord, Nathaniel R. Roberts, Gilman 
H. Beede, William L. Burrill, Enoch H. Lake, Levant; Daniel Budge, 
Kenduskeag ; Isaac H. Brown, Martin P. Colbath, Hiram T. Drew, 
.Albert Edgecomb, Hiram Peavey, Darius W. Peavey, Charles H. 
Stevens, Asa M. Stevens, William Voting, Miles Colbath, Exeter; 
Augustus Young, Redmond O'Connell, Frank A. Lewis, Horace 
Labree, James M. Doe, .Ansel Drew, .Alonzo Drew, John Doe, Orono ; 
John C. Bowen, Charles Fl Cirant, Samuel Grant, Madison M. Grant, 
Andrew J. Kimball, Hermon ; Edward P. Worcester, Carmel ; Leon- 
ard Clark, Horace Croxford, James B. Farnham, Nathan E. Trask, 
Newburg ; Charles D. Thompson, Sanmel -A. Thompson, Henry San- 
ford, Horace H. Lowell, Elisha B. Cleaveland, Charles A. Cleaveland, 
William H. Cleaveland, .Albert G. B. Fisher, Benjamin R. Frost, 
Lee; .Amos Caverly, John H. Day, Aaron B. Patterson, Anson 
O. Libby, Newport ; John P. Cram, Thomas Davis, Charles D. 
Furbush, John H. Head. James Jones, jr., Osman Libbie, George 
F. McDonald, Daniel C. Prescott, Sergeant J. Scott, Lewis W. 
.Soule, John R. Thurston, John F. Tolman, Harris Webber, Otis E. 
Lufkin, George F. Mansell, Charles D. Furbish, William M. Durgin, 
Bangor; Charles E. Dearborn, Corinna ; Joseph Sylvester, Etna; 
William H. Severance, Walter F. Severance, Greenbush ; Simeon M. 
Dawson, Garland ; Nahum Emery, John Emety, jr., George E. Emery, 
Ei>hraim B. Humplirey, Charles F. Stuart, Henry D. Garland, Otis E. 
Lufkin, Joseph W. Piiipps, Hampden ; Groves O. Sergent, Valentine 
H. Dougherty, Charleston; Chelsia L. Estes, Richard E. Lancaster, 
James Parks, Nathan L. Ricker, George M. Gray, Benjamin F.Jor- 
dan, Thomas D. Jordan, Zelotes Dancaster, Ch.arles H. McLaughlin, 
James B. Peakes, .Almon N. Ricker, Oldtown ; Dennis W. Palmer, 
Plymoutli ; Charles A. French, Bradford ; Oliver B. Gates, Lincoln ; 
Orrin L. Merrill, Alton; Dwight McNeil, Holden ; Edwin F. Steven, 
Corinth ; Albert P. Winslow, Winn ; Benjamin F. Young, Samuel W. 
Davis. Thomas W. Davis, Brewer. 

COMPANY H. 

COMMISSIONED OFl'ICEK. 

Second Lieutenant Henry D. Fuller, Corinth. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFKICEK. 

Sergeant Francis A. Birce, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Abner D.rbb, .Alton; Thomas H. Gulliver, Benjamin Bagley, Corinth; 
Warren F. Bickfoid, Asbury E. Soule, Horace Varney, Newburg; Zo- 



148 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



radus D. Stevens, Charles H. Pickard, Emery Morrill, Andrew J. Kim- 
ball, Hermon; Seth C. Brown, Lyman H. Call, Michael G. Quinn, 
Jethro H. Hurd, Carmel; Benson Gowen, Phenix L. Dawsis, Alfred 
Crocker, John K. Clement, Bangor; William Y. Clement, Kenduskeag; 
William Coyle, Dennis Madigan, Alonzo Patten, Oldtown, Josiah B. 
Young, Milford; James r . Davis, Henry I. Tate, Uriah Curtis, Stet- 
son; Seward P. Woodman, Plymouth; Charles M. Wentworth, Wash- 
ington I. Rogers, Orrington; Edward A. Sylvester, Etna; Henry L. 
Mitchell, Dixmont; Calvin Carter, Anson Petlengill, Levant; Charles 
N. Merrifield, Orono; Oren M. Harrington, Newport. 

COMPANY C. 

coMMissroNp;n officer. 
Captain Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown. 

NON-COMMI.SSIONED OFFICER,S. 

First Sergeant Lafayette Damon, Stetson. 

Sergeant Hosea Knowles, Stetson. 

Corporal Charles H. Sanborn, Dixmont. 

Corporal Aaron L. Morrison, Charleston. 

Farrier Moses S. Pinkham, Plymouth. 

Farrier William M. Hayes, Orono. 

PRIVATES. 

William R. Locke, Etna; Alvin A. Dority; Freeland Dunning, 
Charleston; Mariner S. Johnson, E.xeter; Albert S. McKenney, Robert 
O. Patten, Stetson; Samuel E. Parker, Bangor; Charles H. Sanborn, 
John Craig, Dixmont; Josiah Nason, jr., Gilman Welch, Veazie. 

COMP.\NY D. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Captain William S. Howe, Stetson. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Amos D. Brown, Hampden. 

Sergeant James S. Merrifield, Orono. 

Sergeant James M. Adams, Lincoln. 

Corporal Benjamin P. Knowles, Hampden. 

Corporal Charles H. Miller, Enfield. 

Musician Hudson .Sawyer, Levant. 

rRIV.\TES. 

Thompson M. Brown, Henry L. Knowles, Hampden; Michael 
Culnan, John Dunan, Warren A. Jordan, Stephen Loring, Nathan h. 
Wiggin, Charles M. Smith, Charles E. McCoy, Bangor; Francis H. 
Blackman, Bradley; William B. Baker, Orrington; Charles W. Camp- 
bell, Greenbush; Eldridge C. Crane, Kenduskeag; Eleza Edda, Ed_ 
dington; Samuel B. Gerry, Newport; Ambrose M. Lord, Levant; 
David S. Perry, Jeremiah D. Webber, Winn; P'rank A. Pennington, 
De.xter; Nathaniel Reed, jr., Bradley; Albert Stevens, Lincoln; Horace 
C. Leavitt, Plymouth; John Swaney, Stetson; Hartwell E. Stowe 
Dexter; Hiram S. Willa, Hudson; Abrain M. Coll)urn, Orono; Oliver 
C. Tapley, Charleston. 

COMPANY E. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Lieutenant Osco A. Ellis, Lincoln. 
First Lieutenant Benjamin A. Osborne, Lincoln. 
Second Lieutenant Osco A. Ellis, Lincoln. 
Second Lieutenant John A. Heald, Lincoln. 
Second Lieutenant Benjamin A. Osborne, Lincoln. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Bohan Field. Lee. 
Sergeant Henry A. Ramsdell, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Julius M. Leugarder, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Benjamin A. Osborne, Lincoln. 
Corporal C. L. Goodwin, Lincoln. 
Corporal Hanson Hutchins, jr., Bangor. 
Corporal Gorham A. Folsom, Newburg. 
Bugler Charles W. Stetson, Mattawamkeag. 
Saddler Benjamin A. Osborne, Lincoln. 
Wagoner Gustavus L. Mills, Lincoln. 

PRIVATES. 

Ira Morrill, Patten; Frederick Smart, John H. Dolbin, Oldtown; Eli- 
jah E. Hall, James Connies, Robert Beathen, Henry A. Ramsdell, 
Jeremiah C. Dyer, Noah Hatch, James Cathcart, Frank J. Leather, 
John A. Heald, Charles H. Scammon, Lincoln; Robert Pentland, 
Charles P. Hubbard, Burlington; William A. Richardson, Amos Rich- 
ardson, Greenbush; Michael Mangan, Charles Eddy, Ebenezer Earl, 



Bangor; Oren L. Bowker, Seneca E. Keene, Chester; James K. Mann^ 
Hudson; Thomas McGinley, Springfield; Raymond IJncoln, Dexter; 
Frank W. Leavitt, Orono; Marcellus Hoben, Orrington; Llewellyn H. 
Howes, Benjamin F. Folsom, Juan F. Flinn, Newburg; Henry W. 
Folsom, Oliver J. Folsom, Etna; Silas S. Foss, Lee; Cyrus F. B.arrett, 
Hermon; Ansel Barden, Hampden. 

COMPANY F. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Sergeant Horace W. Bolton, Newport. 
Second Sergeant George F. Hamilton, Newport. 
Commissary Sergeant F\aul F. R. Clark, Stetson. 
Sergeant David Greeley, Kenduskeag. 
.Sergeant Otis W. Whitcomb, I^^tna. 
.Sergeant John F. Dolliver, Kenduskeag. 
Sergeant Daniel V. Bolton. Orrington. 
Sergeant Alonzo Dunning, Charleston. 
Coiporal John Knowles, Corinna. 
Corporal Samuel W. Bridgham, Newburg. 
Corporal Daniel R. McKenny, .Stetson. 
Corporal Hiram B. Sleeper, Kenduskeag. 
Corporal Austin B. White, Levant. 
Corporal Daniel F. Davis, Stetson. 
Corporal George S. Kelley, Newburg. 

PRIVATES. 

James M. Boyd, Preston L. Barnett, Daniel W. Lowell, Thomas S. 
Rice, Plymouth; Ambrose Reed, Nathan Moore, Orono; Stephen A. 
Berry, Edwin Hill, Garland; Orison W. Cole, Charles Dyer, William 
K. Kennard, Walter Sylvester, Horace Whitcomb, F, V. Whitcomb, 
Etna; Joseph P. Luce, Alonzo D. Miller, Bangor; Nathan Clark, 
John Caverly, Richard M. Daniels, Samuel Towles, John W. Good- 
win, Samuel Hurd, jr., David Lawrence, Frederick P. Townsend, 
George W. Wood, William B. Quimby, John W. Goodwin, Charles 
H. Goodwin, Stetson; Waldo C. Beals, Patten; John Caverly, John 
W. Gilman, Richard McKcnny, Alexander Jenkins, Almon Lewis, 
William H. H. Nickerson, John Page, Newport; Austin B. White, 
Nathaniel Souther, Atwood C. Souther, Howard M. Doyen, LcTant; 
Elisha A. Devereaux, George A. Varney, Newburg; William H. Wey- 
mouth, Cordon O. Stone, Prentiss .Shaw, Corinna; William H. 
Daniels, Charles C. Hurd, jr., Edwin B. Melvin, James N. Prescott, 
Benjamin F. Prescott, Charles A. Russell, Daniel N. Tibbetts, Exeter; 
Elisha A. Webster, Glenburn; George L. Pease, Bradley; James Mc- 
Corrison, jr., Kenduskeag; John S. Keisor, Corinth; Ira B. Harvey, 
Maxfield. 

COMPANY G. 

PRIVATES. 

Lucullus J. Coombs, Lincoln; Hanson Y. Young, Glenburn; Collins 
Woodbury, Arthur A. Pond. Charles F. Harrison, Bangor; John B. 
Dwelly, Orrin F. Lewis, Jeremiah E. Patterson, Springfield; Stephen 
R. Fletcher, William H. Stanhope, Bradford; Jefferson Pichard, 
Plymouth; David D. Dresser, Stetson. 

COMPANY H. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Daniel T. Mayo, Carmel. 
Sergeant John W. West, Carmel. 
Corporal Abiather R. Kendall, Carmel. 
Corporal Albert A. I'ierce, Bradford. 
Bugler Caleb P^. Ordway, Orono. 

PRIVATES. 

Hiram W. Allen, Lowell; Eugene Springer, Jack Gonyea, Waller 
Drew, Dexter; Melvin Allen, Sanborn J. Campbell, Corinna; Charles 
H. Whitney, George H. Rich, Joshua Ray, Henry A. Jackson, 
Llewellyn F. Bickmore, Bangor; William E. Bailey, Bradford; Charles 
T. E. Clapp, Enfield; Daniel Webster, E.veter; John A. Merrill, Kil- 
burn Cowan, Frederick Holt, Orono; Charles D. Day, Brewer; Otto L. 
Hall, Edwin S. Gates, Lincoln; Orrin L. Goodwin, Carrol; Rufus E. 
Jewett, Etna; David J. Blanchard, Levi B. Lewis, Kenduskeag; Perley 
Low, Levant. 

COMPANY I. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant George Vinal, Orono. 
Sergeant William A. Vinal, Orono. 
Sergeant Charles Hussey, Orono. 
Corporal James H. Card, Glenburn. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



149 



PRIVATES. 

Henry R. Cow.in, Elish.i E. Cunliff, .Miraliam M. Colburn, George 
P. (;ipsQn, Kufus Johnson. Peter Jennings, Charles H. Moore, Alhert 
L. McDonald. Joseph .McKenney, George Morrill, James A. Neal, 
John B. Perry, George B. Stearns, Frank B. Wilson, Orono; James 
M. Woodman, Stetson; Horace B. Cushman, Dixmont; Walter D. 
Daniels, Newport; Josiah D. Hinds, Samuel J. Robinson, Orringlon; 
Benjamin W. Jellison, Oldtown; John Kellon, Brewer; John B. Marsh, 
Albert .A. Robinson, Corinth; Thomas D. Rogers, h^xeter; Edward V. 
Spratt, I'liaron P. Spratt, Carmel; Nathan M. Shaw, Bradford. 

COMPANY K. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.S. 

Corporal James A. Murphy. Lee. 
Corporal William J. P.utterfield. Milford. 
Bugler George Barker, Milford. 
Farrier Sumner B. Newbegin, Milford. 
Saddler Edward M. Young. Milford. 

PRIVATES. 

Freeman H. Butterfield, Joseph Doe, Milford; Hezekiah F. Harris, 
Levi Bagley, Horatio W. Harris, Oldtown; SiKas Blodgett, Joseph B. 
Peakes, Charleston; John E. Daniels, John Hagan, Lincoln; Albert C. 
Dyer, Etna; Charles E. Dearborn, Corinna; Stephen S. Goodhue, 
Albert .M. J.ackson, William L. Hannon, Charles L. Phillips, Bangor; 
William Spencer, Plymouth; Charles E. Dearborn, Corinna; .Mlbert 
C. Dyer, Etna; Michael Hays, Lee. 

COMPANY L. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Lieutenant George Weston, Oldtown. 
.Second Lieutenant George Weston, Oldtown. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Benjamin F. Carter, Etna. 
Sergeant James M. Simpson, Brewer. 
Sergeant Nathaniel F. Sargent, Brewer. 
Sergeant Justin S. Nevins, Bangor. 
Corporal George A. Shay, Argyle. 
Corporal Frederick C. Brookings, Bradford. 
Corporal Charles C. Palmer, Exeter. 
Farrier Elbridge G. Jordan, Bradford. 
Farrier Alpheus R. Kingsbory, Bradford. 
Saddler Stephen M. Staples, Bradford. 
Saddler Henry W. Norwood, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

James Burnes, Henry G. Reynolds, George A. Wentworth, Orring- 
ton ; George E. .Stewart, Hampden; Richard J. Crane, George A 
Rowell, Bradley; .Addison W. Crowell, Dexter; Charles W. Lunt, 
Greenbush ; John S. Mills, William G. Peaks, Oldtown ; Samuel B. 
Gerry, Charles H. Caverly, Newport ; Frederick W. Chase, Sylvanus 
R. Chamberlain, Abner L. Douglass, Lionel D. Gray, Elbridge G. 
Jordan, Stephen M. Staples, Bradford ; George W. Roberts, Lmcoln ; 
Oren Shepley, Alonzo J. Sawyer, James H. RadclitT. Hiram B. Ingalls, 
, Bangor; William H. Canney, Elbridge J. Cone, E.xeter ; Orrin H. 
Brown, Edward Cunningham, James B. Daly, Isaiah Guptell, Patten ; 
William J. Crooker, Alton ; John Streleb, Milford; Warren B. Mon- 
roe, Greenfield: .Adelbert I. Friend, Daniel Frost, Brewer; George 
Wellington, (Jarland ; Horace K. Tabin, Lincoln; Samuel B. Stone, 
Dixmont; Sewell W. Smith, Eddington ; Cromwell Carter, Albert L. 
Sylvester, Etna; Charles H. Johnson, Orono; Lorenzo D. Chamber- 
lain, Hudson. 

COMPANY M. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain George M. Brown, Bangor. 

First Lieutenant Charles K. Johnson, Carmel. 

Second Lieutenant Edward Jordan, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Charles K. Johnson, Carmel. 
Sergeant William H. Reves, Bradford. 
Sergeant Frank H. Wood, Etna. 
Corporal Linus E. Sh.aw, Alton. 
Corporal George H. Bartlett, Bangor. 
Corporal James C. Whitney, Orono. 
Musician George Bartlett, Bangor. 
Wagoner Samuel N. Cowan, Glenburn. 
Farrier Henry Ames, L.agrange. 
Saddler Edward Jordan, Bangor. 



PRIVATES. 
Isaac Chamberlain, Lincoln ; George L. Plummer, Miles Reeves, 
Forest Reeves, Oliver J. Woodward, George Rogers, Gustavus Mc- 
Clure, Thomas .S. Reeves, Bradford ; .Alfred Foster, Orlando Kelly, 
Eugene H. Otis, Joseph \'arney, Francis Prescott, Newburg ; George 
W. Stockman, Charleston ; Thomas F. Kellan. Samuel Ingalls, Royal 
Grant, Zelotes W. Trask, Bangor; Charles H. Gould, John P. 
Thompson, John M. Warren, Llewellyn (ireene, Veazie ; Charles A. 
Heald, Lagrange; James B. Harris, Samuel F. Harris, Bradley; 
Frank Taylor, Leaiider P. Southard, Beldeii .Southard, Alton ; Chester 
C. Pearson, C-orinth ; Waterman T. Lewis, Newport; William Merrill, 
Charles E. Long, Orono; Marcellus Corliss, Ivory H. Felch, John F. 
Harvey, Gustin Jordan, Daniel Leathers, Carmel ; John L. Miner, 
William D. Cowan, Glenburn ; Charles Jewett, I'2d\\ard E. Jewett, 
Eben G. Cross, Hudson; Boardman Davis, Stillwater; Stephen E. 
Harris, Dixmont ; William B. (jrindali, .Alfred F. Day, Brewer; Seth 
E. Woodman, Plymouth ; John T. Watson, .Stetson ; Samuel S. Var- 
ney, Etna; William H. Thurlow, Henry J . Thurlow, Lee; Reuel W. 
Porter, Plymouth ; George P. Phillips, Chester, Jefferson Spencer, 
Eddington. 

SECOND REGIMENT CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, from 
November 30, 1863, to January 2, 1864; and, January 
nth, having been assigned to the Department of the 
Gulf, commenced leaving Augusta for Portland, for the 
purpose of embarking on transports for New Orleans, 
Louisiana. Companies A and D, and about half of G 
being the only portion of the regiment which had arrived 
at New Orleans, were, on the i6th of April, ordered to 
proceed to Alexandria, Louisiana, where they arrived on 
the morning of the 21st, and being assigned to duty 
with the Third Cavalry Brigade, participated in the en- 
gagements at Cherryville Cross Roads, Marksville, 
Avoyelles Prairie and Yellow Bayou, and rejoined the 
regiment at Thibodeaux, June ist. 

The main body of the regiment arrived at New 
Orleans, in detachments, on the iSth, 19th, 2 2d and 
23d of April. On the 9th of August, the regiment em- 
barked at New Orleans for Pensacola, Florida, arriving 
on the I ith, and encamped near Barrancas, employed in 
fatigue duty, besides taking part in quite a number of 
raids, to Marianna, in September, and to Pollard, 
Alabama, in December. During the year the regiment 
lost by deaths i officer and 278 enlisted men. 

On the 23d of February, 1865, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Spurling, with 300 men, attacked the enemy in consider- 
able force at Milton, Florida, and after a sharp en- 
counter, completely routed them. On the 19th of 
March the regiment joined General Steele's command, 
concentrated at Pensacola, preparatory to the movement 
which resulted in the capture of Mobile and the open- 
ing of the State of Alabama to the advance of the 
Federal troops. During the whole campaign the regi- 
ment rendered efficient service, had several encounters 
with the enemy, destroyed a large amount of railroad 
and other property, besides opening communication with 
General Canby, besieging Spanish Fort, and capturing a 
large number of the enemy. 

After the fall of Mobile a detachment of the regiment 
was assigned to the Sixteenth Army Corps, being the 
only cavalry with that body of 30,000 men. The de- 
tachment did efficient duty during the long march of 
nearly 200 miles to the city of Montgomery, Alabama. 
In August the detachment was ordered to return to 



ISO 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Florida, and rejoined the regiment at Barrancas. The 
regiment was tlien broken up, and small detachments 
were stationed at various points throughout Western 
Florida to jjreserve harmony, and to suppress any insur- 
rectionary movements that might take place. By the ist 
of December the entire regiment was concentrated at 
Barrancas, and mustered out of the United States service 
on the 6th by Lieutenant E. M. Schryver, Assistant Com- 
missary of Musters. Twenty-five commissioned officers 
and about ii6 enlisted men weie mustered out and dis- 
charged in Florida, to become residents of the South, 
making oath of their intention to remain there, and re- 
ceiving from the Government mileage in lieu of trans- 
portation. The remainder of the regiment, numbering 
14 officers and 509 enlisted men, embarked on the 8th 
for Augusta, where they were paid and finally discharged 
on the ist. 

FIELD AND STAFF. 

Lieutenant-Colonel John F. Godfrey, Bangor. 
Assistant-Surgeon Louis E. Norris, Hampden. 

COMPANY A. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Captain James F. Twitchell, Mattawamkeag. 

NIIN-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Joshua K. Blackwell, P.^tten. 
Farrier Ira Morrill, Patten. 

PRIVATES. 

Ale.x Bigger, Ebenezer Bigger, .Archibald Bigger, Jeremiah Farewell, 
John George, Melvin S. Leslie, Martin V. Shaw, Cyrus Savage, Sam- 
uel Orr, Edward P. Sargent, Patten; Mark Fernald, Sylvanus G. 
Stickney, Henry E. Trueworthy, Newport; Reuben B. Barnes, Winn; 
George H. Bagley, Liberty; Hannibal Farewell, Charles W. Kimball, 
Fred A. Noyes, Lewis Sargent, jr., Mt. Chase; John O. Allen, Stetson; 
Willie P. Harvey, Lowell; .Samuel B. Reading, James Mahoney, Ban- 
gor; Andrew J. Flemming, John ('. Whitney, Lincoln; Charles T. 
Spaulding, Hugh G. Rideout, .Springfield; Henry A.Mann, Clifton. 

COMPANY B. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Sergeant Homer R. -Stratton, Hancock. 

PRIVATE.S. 

John E. Drake, De.vter; Charles Jellison, Charles A. Sabine, Paler- 
mo; Lucien .A. Luce, Burnham; Charles A. Miller, Rockland. 

COMPANY C. 

PRIVATES. 

Edward O. .Andrews, Thomaston; ICrastus Marr, Washington; 
Albert A. Haines, Dexter; Burnett Leavitt, Bradley. 

COMPANY D. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Sergeant Elisha G. Norton, Palermo. 

PRIVATES. 

Thomas L. Whitten. Elisha Atkinson, Clifton; Joseph Brewster, jr., 
Belmont; Albion C. Colby, Rockland; Elander R. Grant, Andrew D. 
Grant, Barzilla B. Greeley, John E. Richards, Leonard M. Shorey, 
Palermo; Lorenzo J. Hall, Samuel M. Haskell, Warren; Silas A. 
Sherman, Washington; Edwin E. Wentworth, Waldo. 

COMPANY E. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

First Lieutenant .\. J. Pickard, Rockland. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Commissary .Sergeant Edward W. Farrar, Washington. 

Sergeant Edgar A. Hanaky, Rockland. 

Sergeant ]ohn S. Stevens, Union. 

Sergeant James N. Brown, Cushing. 

Corporal Adolphus A. Leavitt, Rockland. 

Corporal Cyrus Harding, Rockland. 



Corporal James P. Robbins, Rockland. 
Corporal Joseph W. Newbert, Washington. 
Corporal George Hall, Vinalhaven. 

PRIVATES. 

Benjamin liartlett, Jonathan Crockett, John H. Dean, Ambrose Dill, 
Albert L. Fields, Samuel W. Hewett, Nathan A. Hewett, Frank A. 
Knight, Francis G. Melius, Samuel H. Pendleton, David M. Robbins, 
John E. Sanders, Ashley St. Clair, Pearl Spear, Michael Tracey, Wil- 
liam Wasgatt, Charles O. Wentworth, Cliarles P. Wood, Rockland; 
Amlirose Bailey, James L. Burns, William J. Callamore, George A. 
Hagar, Angelo Howard, (jcorge W. Humes, Edward A. Rhoades, 
Washington; Leander Woodcock, Thomaston; Warren Blake, Cam- 
den; Joseph W. Clara, James Deans, Wilder S. Irish, Alonzo Mad- 
docks, Roscoe B. Robbins, John W. Govven, Union; Charles H. 
Leighton, Matinicus; William H. Kelleran, Cushing: Timothy Hall, 
r->avid R. Ginn, Vinalhaven; Leander Elwell, .St. George; Harrison 
Emery, South Thomaston; Melzer T. Dyer, Belfast; Frank H. East- 
man, Bangor; Charles A. Gilman, De.vter; Jeff P. Richardson, De.vter; 
Isaac Mills, h'ddinglon. 

COMPANY F. 

PRIVATES. J 

Charles Penney, James R. Corson, Alton; Albert D. Crocker, Di.v- 
mont. 

COMPANY G. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Samuel W. Knowles, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant William Banton, Lagrange. 
.Second Lieutenant Jason C. Chandler, Corinth. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFPlCERS. 

First .Sergeant Alphonso Patten, Bangor. 

(Quartermaster Sergeant Charles E. Wilson, Bradford. 

Commissary Sergeant John P. Wentworth, Lagrange. 

Sergeant Isaac N. Head, Lagrange. 

Sergeant Fred A. Fuller, Bangor. 

Sergeant .-\lden Gilchrist, Bangor. 

Sergeant George O. Miles, Oldtown. 

Sergeant John P.Jordan, Bangor. 

Corporal Luther M. Pollard, Bangor. 

Corporal Addison J. Brown, Bangor. 

Corporal Isaac Mills, Bangor. 

Corporal George A. Herswell, Bangor. 

Corporal Tliomas A. Hunt, Oldtown. 

Corporal Joseph B. Pierce, Milford. 

Corporal Robert J. McDuff, Lagrange. 

Musician William M. F^lummer, Augusta. 

Musician Osgood M. Howland, Bangor. 

Farrier Lewis W. Moan, Oldtown. 

Farrier Joseph P. Luce, Bangor. 

Saddler John P. Drummond, Bangor. 

Wagoner Frank Taylor, Brewer. 

PRIVATES. 

Edwin Ambrose, Oldtown; Burton Bunker, Thomas J. Burke, Ban- 
gor; Reuben Bryant, George W. Blake, Lagrange; James Betts, Ban- 
gor; Nathan C'lark, Oldtown; William Cleaves, Bradford; Rinaldo V. 
Cary, Emery W. Cunningham, Lorin Decker, Newton H. Danforth, 
Lagrange; Edwin Dillingham, John Dodge, Oldtown; John W. Dyer, 
Bradford; Frank H. Eastman, Bangor; John G. Emery, Lagrange; 
Charles ICvens, Edwin Fogg, John F. Fogg, Charles Foster, Bangor; 
Isaiah Genthner, Brewer; David Giles, Bangor; Lewis Gonyea, Old- 
town; Richard E. Haynes, Nathaniel B. Haskell, Bangor; Isaac F. Heal, 
Lagrange; John Houston, Bradford; William Henries, Augusta; Ed- 
win S. Jenks, Bradford; Edwin S. Johnson, Bangor; Eben .S. Keith, 
Oldtown; Frank G. Leighton, Philip L. Lowell, George B. Lockc^ 
Bangor; William B. Lovell, Daniel Libby, William M. McAndrew, 
Br.idford; William R. McLaughlin, Lagrange; John Mills, Bradford; 
Samuel Mack, Milford; Henry Moore. Bangor; Marcellus Nason, La- 
grange; James O. Preble, Bangor; James H. P. Perkins, Edward L. 
Perkins, Milford; George Pooler, Eugene Page, Bangor; Benjamin F. 
Robinson (first), Carmel; Benjamin F. Robinson (second), Corinth^ 
George Reed, Bangor; Oscar A. Rogers, Brewer; Rolloff N. .Sherburne, 
Bangor; George S. Smith, Brewer; Edward T. Sprague, William J. 
Sands, Jonas B. Smart, Bangor; Rufus A. Sanborn, Warren Spearing, 
Lagrange; Major F. Strom, Enoch B. Strout, Bradford; Franklin 
Spaulding, Oldtown; Charles S. Trowbridge, Portland; Daniel Towle^ 
Lagrange; Charles G. Tozier, Oldtown; George.S. Williams, Lagrange; 



IIISIOKV OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Richard M. Woodman. Andrew J. Waltz. Oldtown; Eph D. Donnon, 
Jerry Denning .^bram Fenlon, Bangor; Frank Smilh, Brewer; Samp- 
son Spencer, Bradley; William D. Bean. Oldtown. 
COMPANY H. 

COMMISSION i;i) OFFICERS. 

Captain .\dulpluis B. Mathews, Belfast. 

First Lieutenant Daniel S. Simpson, Seaisport. 

Second Lieutenant Marcus A. Vose. Montville. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Quartermaster Sergeant Thomas S. Keene, Freedom. 

Commissary Sergeant John F. Gould, Belfast. 

Sergeant William K. Mathews, Lincolnville. 

Sergeant Willard L. Messer, Union. 

Sergeant Isaac B. Harris, Appleton. 

Sergeant George T. Osborne, Belfast. 

Sergeant Frank R. Lamson, Freedom. 

Corporal William F. Hall, Lincolnville. 

Corporal George W. West, Belfast. 

Corporal William Gilchrist. Montville. 

Corporal Llewellyn Carter, Belfast. 

Corporal Ansel H. Warren, Brooks. 

Corporal Thayer Logan, Waldo. 

Corporal George T. Ranlet, Unity. 

Corporal Reuben H. Dickey. Lincolnville. 

Musician Urban H. Hovey, Lincolnville. 

Farrier Otis Cummings, Northport. 

Farrier David L. Cross, Lincolnville. 

Saddler George G. Woods, Freedom. 

Wagoner Charles S. Vose, Montville. 

PRIVATES. 

Reuel Austin, Unity; William O. Benner, Xorthport; Henry Black, 
Dedh.im; Nelson A. Burns, Union; Edward Billings, Searsport; El- 
lison Cunningham, Waldo; Jesse G. Chambers, Belfast; Nathan H. 
Cousens, Monroe; D,ana B. Carter, Freedom: Fruma H. Curtis. Mon- 
roe; lames S. Crockett. Winterport; Horace S. Colson, Lyman Curtis, 
Alden Carr, Thomas W. Currier. Frankfort; Alonzo D. Dyer, Mont- 
ville; Joseph Day. Union; James A. Dunton, Lincolnville; Alonzo P. 
Elwell, Waldo; Daniel Ellis, Ephraim L. Emerson, Searsport; James 
H. R. Fickett, Knox;' John C. Foss, .\mos Gibbs, jr., Charles Gibbs, 
Brooks; Solomon J. Gray, Ellsworth; Isaac Heal, Searsmont; Edward 
P. Hanscom, Freedom; George F. Hussey. Hartford E. Hurd. Albert 
O. Hussev, Lincolnville; Byron A. Hart, Belfast; William A. Hale, 
Lincolnvil'le; Oliver Jones, Brooks; Edwin Jackson, Waldo; Augustus 
Knowlton, SwanviUe; Francis H. Martm, Wellington Moody, Lincoln- 
ville; James E. Marden, Waldo; Horatio Martin, Appleton; J iidson 
McAllister, Peleg W. Mathews. Lincoliwille; Henry A. J. Proctor, Ap. 
pleton; Charles E. Porter, Lincolnville; James M. Palmer, Montville; 
Sherburne Peabody. Searsport; John E. Philbrook, Frankfort; Alonzo 
Poland, Montville; Sumner Poland, .Morrill; Marcellus B. Porter, 
Montville; Lauriston Putnam, Seassport; James E. Roberts, Waldo; 
Oscar Richards. Lincolnville; Benji'min A. Ray, Knox; Joel S. 
Richards, Lincolnville; Stephen S. Smith. Belfast; Charles Spinks, 
Belfast; James O. Snow, Lincolnville; Timothy Tewkslmry, Belfast; 
ChariesH. Thompson, Searsport; William F. Vose, Montville; Frank- 
lin A. Whitmore, Waldo; George A. Wentworth, Searsmont; John 
M. Walker, Freedom; Alfred D. Weymouth, Appleton; Moses C. 
West, Frankfoit; Warren B. Woodman, Searsport; Daniel ]. West, 
Belfast; Benjamin R. Walker, I'Yank Whitcomb, Searsport; John 
Young, Palermo; (iideon A. Young. Lincolnville; George W. Soper, 
A. Jonathan Woodman, Oldtown; Fred Winship, De.\ter. 
COMPANY I. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Isaac W. Haskell, Garland. 

Second Lieutenant Nelson F. Libby, Corinna. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First .Sergeant Nelson F. Libby. Corinna. 
Sergeant Edward F. Moore, Unity. 
Sergeant Henry H. BlackwcU, Newport. 
Corporal Horatio Knowles, Corinna. 
Farrier Justus H. Jackman. Garland. 
Farrier Charies Haskell, Gariand. 
Wagoner Bennett A. Haskell, Gariand. 
I'RIVATES. 

.Monzo F. Batchelder, Daniel A. Bosworth, James M. Gee, Hosea 
Harlow, Jason F. Ihiskell, Frederick P. ThoiiKis, Ciariand; Fred W. 



Johonet, Newport; John Smith, Eliphalet M. Jonhson, Dexter; George 

W. Murch, Lemuel Reynolds. Joseph IC. Reynolds, Fred H. Seavey, 

William H. Whitten, Unity; James Smith, Corinna. 

COMPANY K. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Fairier Charles L. Haines, Plymouth. 

1>KIVATKS. 

Oliver W. Bragdon, Eastbrook; John Brawn, Edwin F. Young. Pa- 
lermo; Wilson Blake, Otis Gray. Thomis Gray. Brooksville; Joseph 
Hackett. Edward Hackett, Alonzo D. Moores, Castine; Marcellus A. 
Hardin, L'nity. 

COMP.-^NY L. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Farrier Hosea J. Joy, Ellsworth. 
Farrier Enoch J. .Ames, Exeter. 

PR1V,\TES. 

Edgar B. Davis, Belfast; Benjamin B. Hills, William H. Lowell, 
Burlington; John Murphy, John E. Rhines, Charies E. Pinkham , 
Washington; James W. Nutt, Dexter; Andrew Newbit, Belmont; John 
Robinson, Charles A. Sukeforth, Appleton; Charles E. Wescott, 
Brooksville; Fred M. .Ames, Bangor. 

COMPANY M. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Charles D. Chapman, Passadumkeag. 
Corporal Thomas F. Phinney, Stockton. 
Corporal William S. Farrell, Rockland. 
Bugler Daniel B. Dean, Passadumkeag. 
Farrier William H. Palmer, Freedom. 

PRIVATES. 

Cliark-s H. Batchelder. Philip E. Haynes, Edgar Hathaway, Passai 
dumkeag; Stephen O. Young. Thomas Barney. Rockland; Adelber- 
H. Dickey, Stockton; Enos Dow, Palermo; Orrin C. Estes, Lee; Ell 
Garland, Wil'-iani Taylor, Ellsworth; Lysander Harriman, Dedham; 
George D. Higgins, Thorndike; Madison T. Jones, Washington; Silas 
C. Thomas, Camden; James Wright, Lincoln; Hiram E. Baker, Cor- 
inth; Lysander Feiren, Frank W. Milletl. Levant. 

FIRST REGIMENT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ■ (bAKER's) 
CAVALRY. 

Eight comjianies for this regiment were organized at 
Augusta, Maine, from October, 1863, to March, 1864, to 
serve three years, and assigned to comjjanies D, F, G, H, 
I, K, I,, and M. This regiment was originally designed 
for special service in the District of Columbia, and was 
under the command of Colonel L. C. Baker. After jier- 
forming imjiortant service in and about Washington for 
several months, half of the regiment was ordered to 
Portsmouth, N'irginia, and dismounted; the other half 
was assigned to General Butlers command, and partici- 
pated in General Kautz's cavalry raid in the eaily part of 
June, 1864. On the 23d of August the regiment had 
an engagement with the HanijJton Legion; also partici- 
iwted the next day in the action near Ream's Station. 
All the Maine officers and enlisted men were transferred 
to the First Maine Cavalry, August 25th, but did not 
then join the latter regiment, and remained doing jjicket 
duty on the extreme left of the aimy, on a line about 
four miles in length. On the 15th of Sejnember the 
regiment was attacked by a large force of the enemy, 
and after a gallant resistance was compelled to retreat, 
losing heavily in killed, and a large number being taken 
prisoners. The remaining men then joined the First 
Maine Cavalry, and from this date the history of the reg- 
iment is identical with that of the First Maine Cavalry. 

HELD OFFICER. 
Major Joel W. Cloudman, Stet.viii. 



'52 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Joel W. Cloudman, Stetson, Co. D. 
Captain William S. Howe, Stetson, Co. D. 
Captain Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown, Co. H. 
Captain Daniel F. Sargent, Brewer, Co. M. 
First Lieutenant William S. Howe, Stetson, Co. D. 
First Lieutenant Eli Parkman, Charleston, Co. D. 
First Lieutenant Daniel F. Sargent, Brewer, Co. G. 
Second Lieutenant Eli Parkman. Charleston, Co. D. 
Second Lieutenant Leander M. Comins, Lincoln, Co. G. 
Second Lieutenant Corvdon B. Lakin, Stetson, Co. K. 
Second Lieutenant Henry D. Fuller, Corinth, Co. M. 

I'KIVATES. 

James F. Atwood, David J. Blanchard, William Y. Clement, John 
F. Dolllver, David Greeley, Moses T.Jackson, Levi B. Lewis, James 
McCarrison, jr., Rowland B. Pomroy, Minot C. Stearns, Hiram B. 
Sleeper, Josiah B. Young, Milford; Asa M. Young, Hampden; Fran- 
cis A. Birce, Orrington; William J. Butterfield, Milford; Silas Bl'odgett, 
Charleston; Fred H. Butterfield, Henry Barker, George Barker, Mil- 
ford; Frederick C. Brookings, William E. Bailey, Bradford; Albert 
J. Blanchard, E.xeter; Samuel W. Bridgham, Newburg; Benjamm Bag- 
ley, Corinth; Preston L. Bennett, Plymouth; Isaac S. Bicknell, Stet- 
son; David F. Brown, Levant, Horace W. Bolton, Newpoit; Stephen 
A. Berry, Garland; James M. Boyd, Plymouth; Daniel V. Bolton, Orr- 
ington; George W. Brickett, Etna; Abner Babb, Alton; Warren F. 
Bickford, Newburg; Cyrus F. Barrett, Hermon; Llewellyn F. Bick- 
more, Bangor; Jason Burlingame, Oldtown; Osgood Cappers, Levant; 
John Caverly, Joel W. Cloudman, Stetson; Orrin B. Caverly, Newport; 
James Curtis, jr., Uriah Curtis, Stetson; Orrison W. Cole, Etna;' 
Charles W. Crockett, Paul F. R. Clark, Nathai. Clark, Stetson; Benja- 
min F. Carter, Cromwell Carter, Etna; Elisha E. Cunliffe, Orono; 
Charles H. Crowell, De.vter; Charles T. E. Clapp, Enfield; William' 
Coyle, Oldtown; John C. Craig, Di.xmont; Elbridge J. Coan, Exeter; 
Abram M. Colburn, Kilborn Cowan, Orono; Leander M. Comins,' 
Lincoln; Richard J. Cram, Bradley; James H. Card, Glenburn; Henry 
R. Cowan, Orono; Frederick W. Chase, Bradford; William H. Can- 
ney, E.veter; Charles H. Caverly, Newport; Sylvanus R. Chamberlain, 
Bradford; Addison W. Crowell, De.\ter; Lorenzo D. Chamberlain' 
Hudson; Horace B. Cushman, Dixmont; David Cro.by, Levant'; 
Charles H. Cobb, Orrington; Stephen R. Crosby, Clifton, Arrona W.' 
Douglass, Greenbush; Joseph Doe, Milford; John S. Deering, Etna; 
Edward B. Deering, Brewer; Lafayette Damon, Stetson; Alvin A. Doriiy,' 
Freeland Dunning, Charleston; Elisha W. Devereaux, John F. Dolliver! 
Howard M. Doyen, Henry L. Doyen, Levant; Walter D. Daniels! 
Newport; Richard M. Daniels, Stetson; Charles Dyer, Etna; Alonzo 
Dunning. Charleston; Stephen Davis, Stetson; John E. Daniels, Wil- 
liam H. Daniels, Exeter; John H. Day, Newport; Warren Dobbs, 
ICtna; Charles D. Day, Brewer; Daniel F. D.ivis, Stetson; Henry R. 
Emerson, Levant; Oilman L. Eastman, Corinth; Henry W. Folsom; 
Etna, Samuel Fcwles, Stetson; Oliver J. Folsom, Etna; Benjamin F.' 
Folsom, Newliurg; Silas S. Foss, Lee; Charles A. French, Bradford; 
Juan F. Flint; Gorham A. Folsom, Newburg; Stephen R. Fletcher,' 
Bradford; Daniel Frost, Adelbert I. Friend, Brewer; Henry .S. Floyd! 
Eddmgton; Henry D. Fuller, Corinth; John M. Gihnan, Newport, 
John W. Goodwin, Charles H. Goodwin, John R. Getchell, Joseph T.' 
Getchell, .Stetson; George C. Getchell, Levant; George W. Gipson, 
Orono; Lionel D. Gary, Bradford; Thomas Gulifer, Corinth; Charles 
Glidden, Newport; .Samuel B. Gerry, Newport; Edwin S. Gates, Lin- 
coln; Orrin L. Goodwin, Carroll; Fred Holt, Orono; James L. Hunt, 
George H. Higgins, Charleston; Charles Hussey, Orono; Hansoii 
Hutchins, jr., Etna; Hezekiah F. Harris, Oldtown; Mich.iel Hayes, 
Lee; Orrin M. Harrington, Newport; Charles C. Hurd, jr., E.xeter'; 
Samuel F. Harris, Bradley; William S. Howe, Stetson; George F.' 
Hamilton, Newport; James B. Harris, Bradley; Ira B. Harvey, Max- 
field; James C. Huntington, Bradford; James W. Herrin, Gustavus 
A. Hopkins, Plymouth, -Samuel Hurd, jr.. Stetson; D'Oscar Hopkins, 
Plymouth; Edwin Hill, Garland; Charles A. Heald, Lagrange; Hora- 
tio W. Harris, Oldtown; Henry J. Hurd, Corinth; Alto L. Hall, Lin- 
coln; Josiah D. Hinds, Orrington; Hiram B. Ingalls, Albert M. Jack- 
son, Henry A. Jackson, Bangor; Mariner S. Johnson, Exeter; Rufus 
E. Jevvett, Etna; Benjamin W. Jellison, Oldtown; Charles H. Johnston, 
Rufus Johnson, Peter Jennings, Orono; Is.aac N. Jenkins, Stetson! 
Alexander Jenkins, Newport; William K. Kennard, Etna; John 
Knowles, Corinna; John .S. Keisor, Corinth; George S. Kelley, New- 
burg; Marcellus R. Kellogg, Patten; Hosea Knowles, Stetson;' Abia- 
Ih.ar R. Kendall, Carmel; [olm Kellen, Brewer; George E. Kimball, 



Winn; Periey Lowe, Levant; Charles E. Long, Newport; Cyrus 
Leighton, Stetson; Daniel W. Lowell, Plymouth; ChariesE. Linnell, Le- 
vant; Charles S. Lary, Corinth; David Lawrence, Stetson; Almon Lewis, 
.Newport; Corydon B. Lakin, Stetson; Samuel Lougee, Exeter; Ray- 
mond Lincoln, Dexter; Levi Ludden, Oldtown; Levi B. Lewis, !james 
McCorrison, jr., Kenduskeag; Daniel R. McKenney, Stetson; Charies 
W. .Merrifield, Orono; Edwin B. Melvin, Exeter; Richard McKenney, 
Newport; James A. Murphy, Lee; Charies H. Miller, Enfield; James 
S. Merrifield, Orono; Everett Mitchell, Etna; Albert L. McDonald, 
George Morrill, Joseph McKenney; Charies H. Moore, Orono; Daniel 
T. Mayo, Carmel; Nathan Moore, John A. Merrill, Orono; Elisha H. 
Megguier, Corinth; Albert S. McKenney, Stetson; Aaron L. Mor- 
rison, Charieston; Cornelius C. McDaniel, Orono; Dennis Madi- 
gan, Oldtown; John H. McCombs, Gariand; Elijah Morrill, New- 
burg; John Mooney, Bangor; John S. Mills, Oldtown; John B 
Marsh, Corinth; Justin S. Nevins, Bangor; James A. Neal Orono- 
Sumner B. Newbegin, Milford; William H. H. Nickerson, Newpori! 
Josiah Nason, jr., Veazie; Caleb F. Ordway, Orono; John N Os- 
good, Bradford; Arthur A. Pond, Bangor; John Parry, Orono; Aaron 
B. Patterson, Newport; Robert A. Patten, Stetson; Frank A. Pedding- 
ton. Dexter; fieorge L. Pease, Bradley; Anson Pettengill, Levant- 
John Page, Newpori; Cli.aries H. Pullen, E.xeter; Alonzo Patten, Old- 
town; Eh W. Parkman, Charieston; James N. Prescott, Exeter; Ed- 
ward Porter, Bangor; George E. Powers, Orrington; Charles C. 
Palmer, E.xeter; Charles W. Pickering, Albert A. Pierce, Bradford; 
David S. Perry, Winn; William B. Quimby, Newport; Michael g! 
Quinn, Carmel; Samuel J. Robinson, Orrington; James H. Rackliff, 
Bangor; George W. Rowell, Eddington; Thomas D, Rogers, Exeter! 
George A. Rowell, Bradley; Stephen P. Rowell, Orono; Thomas d! 
Rice, Plymouth; Benjamin F. Russell, Charles A. Russell, E.wter; 
Charies E. Rider, Bradford; Washington I. Rogers, Orrington; Fred- 
erick Reed, Bangor; Robert Rolliston, Oldtown; Henry G. Reynolds, 
Orrington; Alberi A. Robinson, Corinth; Rodney W. Robinson, Brad- 
ford; Sanford J. Reed, Hermon; Prentiss Shaw, Corinna; Nathaniel 
Souther, Atwood C. Souther, Levant; Minot C. Stearns, Hiram B. 
.Sleeper, Kenduskeag; Alton D. Spratt, Carmel; Corydon O. Stone, 
Corinna; C. C. Smiley, Sanford F. Simpson, Levant; Alberi Spaulding! 
Newport; Francis A. Shaw, Exeter; Nathan M. Shaw, Bradford! 
Samuel B. Stone, Dixmont; Alberi L. Sylvester, Etna; George B.' 
Stearns, Orono; John Swaney, Stetson; HariweH E. Stowe, Gardiner 
L. Stowe, Dexter; .Sewall W. Smith, Eddington; James M. Simpson, 
Brewer; Edward P. Spratt, Carmel; Levi W. .Sylvester, Etna; Asbury 
E. Soule, Newburg; William H. Stanhope, Bradford; Nathaniel T. 
Sargeant; Brewer; Oliver C. Talpey, Charleston; John P. Thompson! 
Veazie; Henry J. Thuriow, William H. Thuriow, Lee; Henry I. Tate! 
Frederick P. Townsend, Stetson; Daniel M. Tibbetts, E.xeter; Horace 
K. Tobin, Lincoln; Charles L. Tash, Chester; Zelotes W. Trask, Ban- 
gor; George A. Varney, Newburg; William A. Vinall, George Vinall, 
Orono; Horace Varney, Newburg; Alberi P. Winslow, Win°n; James 
C. Whiting, Orono, John M. Warren, Veazie; George W. Wyman, 
Charieston; George A. Wentwortli, Hiram Wood, Orrington; John g! 
Wing, Franklin B. Wilson, Orono; John W. West, John William, 
Carmel; Horace V. Whilcomb, Etna; .Seward P. Woodman, James 
M. Woodman, Plymouth; Frank H. Wood, Etna; Seth E, Woodman, 
Plvmouth; Elisha A. Webster, Glenburn; John T. Watson, Orono! 
Austin B. White, Levant; George W. Wood, Stetson; Jeremiah d! 
Webber, Winn; Hiram S. Willa, Hudson; Nathan B. Wiggin, Ban- 
gor; Charies M. Wentworth, Orrington; Oliver J. Woodard, Bradford; 
George Wellington, Garland; Oilman Welch, Veazie; Oscar T. Chase! 
Bradford; Samuel B. Gerry, Newport; Marcellus Hoben, Orrington. 
Edward Sylvester, Otis W. Whitcomb, Etna; Rowland B. Pomroy, 
Kenduskeag. 

FIR.ST KKGIMENT HE.'VVY ARTILLERY. 

This regiment was orgat-iized at Bangor, Maine, Au- 
gust 21, 1862, as the Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, to 
serve three years, and left Bangor August 24th for 
Washington, where, after occuj^ying a jaosition on the 
Virginia side, and doing garrison duty for nearly five 
months, in accordance with orders from the War Dejjart- 
ment the organization was changed to heavy artillery, 
and by General Order No. 62, Adjutant General's Office 
of Maine, series of 1862, was designated as the First 
Regiment Heavy Artillery of Maine volunteer.s. The 




'./e- 



et^le-T^tZ'i^ 



i-caa^ei)-:::^ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



'S3 



several companies were stationed in the forts and bat- 
teries forming the defences of \Vashington, and there 
remained until 1864. The Third liattery of Mounted 
Artillery was temporarily attaclicd to this regiment by 
War Department Special Order No. 144, of March 28, 
1S63, and served as Company M until relieved and 
re-organized as a battery of mounted artillery, by War 
Department Si)ecial Order No. 88, of February 23, 
1864. 

The organization of the First Maine Heavy Artillery, 
with the maximum number of men required (1800), was 
completed in the month of February, 1864. On the 
15th of May the regiment embarked on transports to 
join the Army of the Potomac, debarking at Pelle Plain 
Landing; and on the 19th, near the Fredericksburg 
Pike, it took a prominent part in repulsing the heavy 
attack of the enemy on the supply trains ; the loss of the 
regiment in that action being as follows: Commissioned 
officers killed, 6; wounded, 6; enlisted men killed, 76; 
wounded, 388; aggregate loss, 476. 

On the 24th the regiment was assigned to the Second 
Brigade, Third Division, Major-General Birney com- 
manding. On the 1 6th and i8th of June it participated 
in the charges on the enemy's works at Petersburg, Vir- 
ginia, the loss of the regiment during those two days 
being 7 commissioned officers killed and 25 wounded, 
108 enlisted men killed and 464 wounded. The regi- 
ment also participated in the unsuccessful movement on 
the 2 2d, to establish a line to extend south of Peters- 
burg, losing about twenty men, chiefly prisoners. On 
the 18th of August, the regiment doing picket duty near 
Deep Bottom, Colonel Chaplin, commanding the line, 
was mortally wounded by a rebel sharpshooter, and died 
on the 20th. The regiment afterwards moved to the 
vicinity of Fort Sedgwick, where it remained until Sep- 
tember 30th, continually under fire ; the loss in killed 
and wounded, however, did not amount to twenty. On 
the 2d of October the regiment participated in the 
movement in the direction of the South Side Railroad, 
and returned to Fort Sedgwick on the 6th, having lost 
7 men; and on the 27th, in the action on the Boydton 
Plank Road, losing in killed, wounded, and missing, 3 
commissioned officers and 29 enlisted men. 

The regiment returned to the front of Petersburg on 
the 28th, and was ordered to Cedar Level; and on the 
7th of December took part in the destruction of Jarrett's 
Station, on the Weldon Railroad, returning to Petersburg 
on the i2lh. On the 5th of February, 1865, it partici- 
pated in the movement to Hatcher's Run, where it re- 
mained doing the ordinary picket duty till March 25th, 
when it was engaged with the enemy for more than one 
hour, losing i commissioned officer and 3 enlisted men 
killed, 17 wounded, and 6 taken prisoners. It also par- 
ticipated in all the movements resulting in the evacuation 
of Richmond and Petersburg, and the surrender of the 
rebel army under Lee — losing in the several engage- 
ments 4 commissioned officers w-ounded, 4 enlisted men 
killed and 21 wounded. 

On the 1 6th of April the regiment was at Bailey's 



Cross Roads, and participated in the "grand review at 
Washington. 

On the 6th of June the original members of the regi- 
ment were mustered out of the United States service, 
but the organization, composed of veterans and recruits 
of this regiment, and accessions from the Seventeenth 
and Nineteenth Regiments, remained and occupied the 
line of forts from Fort Washington on the Potomac to 
Fort McMahon on the Anticosti, until September 11, 
1865, when it was mustered out of the United States 
service at Washington, District of Columbia, by Captain 
D. W. Van Horn, Assistant Commissary of Musters, in 
accordance with orders from the War Department. Leav 
ing Washington on the 12th, it arrived in Bangor on the 
17th, where, on the 20th, the members of the regiment 
were paid and finally discharged. 

HELD ANU STAFF. 

t'olonel Daniel Chaplin, Bangor. 
Colonel Russell B. Shepherd, Rangor. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Russell P.. Shepherd, lianijor. 
Major Russell B. Shepherd, Bangor. 
Major Christopher V. Crossman, Bangor. 
Major Charles W. Nute. Lincoln. 
Quartermaster Horatio Pitcher, Bangor. 
Surgeon Rotheus E. Paine, Hampden. 
.Assistant Surgeon Henry A. Raynolds. Bangor. 
Sergeanl-Majur Nathan M. Mills, Milford. 
.Sergeant-Major John A. Lancey, Bangor. 
Quartermaster-Sergeant Charles Dwinel, Bangor. 
Commissary-Sergeant Charles Dwinel, Bangor. 
Commissary-Sergeant George P. Pate, Bangor. 
Hospital Steward Benjamin C. Frost, Bangor. 
Hospital Steward Joshua W. Tresley, Hermon. 
Principal Musici.an, Fred A. Edwards, Lincoln. 
Principal Musician .Andrew A. Sawyer, Levant. 

COMPANY A. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain William C. Clark. 
Captain Charles W. Nute. Lincoln. 
Captain Samuel E. Burnham, Lincoln. 
First Lieutenant Charles W. Nute, Lincoln. 
First Lieutenant Samuel F. Burnham, Lincoln. 
First Lieutenant Charles Merrill, Lincoln. 
First Lieutenant Warren A. Huntress, Lincoln. 
.Second Lieutenant .Samuel E. Burnham, Lincoln. 
Secorrd Lieutenant Charles Merrill, Lincoln. 
Second Lieutenant Warren A. Huntress, Lincoln. 
Second Lieutenant Prince .\. Gatchell, Lincoln. 

NON-COMMISSION EU OFFICERS. 

Sergeant David F. Avcrill, Lincoln. 
.Sergeant Joseph W. Knights, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Thomas B. Gifford , Lincoln. 
Sergeant John H. Taylor, Winn. 
.Sergeant Hiram R. Bailey, Springfield. 
Sergeant Charles Merrill, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Prince .A. Getchell, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Warren .A. Huntress, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Luther Cl.ay, Lincoln. 
Sergeant Arthur P. Budge, Springfield. 
Corporal Benjamin M. Griffin, Lowell. 
Corporal James B. Parsons, Glenlmrn. 
Corporal Thomas H. Stanwood, Woodvillc. 
Corporal Martin Scott, Chester. 
Corporal Samuel K. Thornton, Lincoln. 
Corporal Daniel S. Scott, Woodvillc. 
Corporal William Harmon, Winn. 
Corpoial Randall M. Davis, Lincoln. 
Corporal Frederic A. Edwards, Lincoln. 
Corporal David F. Averill, I^incoln. 
Corporal Joseph W. Knights, Lincoln. 
Corpor.d Jonathan Clay, jr., Burlington. 



154 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Corporal James Warren, Lincoln. 
Artificer Herod Robinson, E.xeter. 
Artificer Jonathan G. Rideoiit, Lincoln. 
Musician William C. Shaw, Lincoln. 
Musician Charles K. Davis, Lincoln. 
Wagoner Benjamin Richardson, Lincoln. 
Wagoner Lyman H. Dolley, Lincoln. 

I'KIVATE.'i. 

James P. Aniiis, Hermon; Otis H. Bruce, Robert W. Bruce, Danie 
M. Edwards, Francis R. Jewell, Benjamin Dow, Horatio Nelson, 
Israel H. Nute, George E. Osborne, Thomas Sullivan, Francis A. 
Sullivan, George A. Tucker, George TourtiUott, Augustus M. Turner, 
James Warren, William C. Warren, Benjamin Richardson, Nathaniel 
Bothwell, jr., John A. Davis, Lyman H. Davis, Oscar R. Fitch, 
Thomas B. Gifford, .Austin Heath, Alvin W. Hurd, Aaron Kneeland, 
Thomas G. Libby, Edward C. Osborne, Jonathan G. Rideout, George 
C. Rounds, Albert Spearen, Samuel Thornton, George W. Tucker, 
James H. West, Adelbert Wtiham, Lincoln; Walter H. Randolph, 
Dixmont; William Benson, Lorenzo D. Davis, .Andrew J. Dill, Charles 
H. Hill, Mattawamkeag; Jeremiah t. Bartlett, Nathan C. Cole, Elijah 
M. Clements, John N. Leonard, Daniel W. Snow, John R. Merrill, 
Chandler H. Beale, Oscar Abbott, Newburg; David Berry, Orrin M. 
Crummitt, James Flye, George Leeth, Rosewell Reed, George H. 
Wilco.x, Simon Devon, Charles W. Carson, Walter K. Kelly, Charles 
H.Johnson, Nathaniel Ladd, Dennis O. Leary, Bangor; Alba W. 
.Spencer, Horace S. Reed, Orono; Jeremiah Avery, Greenfield; Jere- 
miah B. Atkins, Manly S. Brown, Levant; Ainasa S. Flagg, John I'. 
Crowley, Atwood Burnham, ."Xndrew ]. Pierce, Hudson; George W. 
Dill, Robert Clifford, Willard Knights, Lee; Amos T. Holt, Hiram R. 
Bailey, John G. Dolley, Enoch Grover, Isaac L. Olmstead, Albert 
Speaien, William W. Tibbetts, Springfield; John C. Ritchie, Hampden; 
Nathaniel L. Fisher, Corinth; Mehin J. Perry, Charles H. Lancaster, 
Corinna; William Pendleton, Charles H. Tibbetts, Benjamin G. 
Grover, Horace L. Peasley, Alonzo S. Tripp, Burlington; Henry H. 
Scott, John B. Scott, George W. Scott, Jeremiah Glidden, Addison 
C. Keen, Daniel McCurdy, Martin Scott, William W. Scott, Chester; 
William Mansell, Charleston; William C. Davis, Benjamin M. Griffin, 
Ivory S. White, Lowell; William Harmon, Samuel C. Leland, Henry 
Noble, Charles Noble, John H. Taylor, Winn; Henry W. Howard, 
Bealy Runnells, John E. Waite, P.attagumpus; John O. Hughes, Med- 
way, James B. Parsons, Glenburn; Francis L. Philbrook, Frederick 
Philbrook, Prentiss; Herod Robinson, Joseph E. Robinson, Exeter; 
Daniel S. .Scott, George F. .Stanwood, Thomas H. .Stanwood, John R. 
Towle, Holden. 

COMPANY B. 

COMMISSIONED OKHCEKS. 

Captain Sanmel W. Daggett, Bangor. 
Captain Frederick C. Low, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant F'rederick C. Low, Bangor. 
F'irst Lieutenant Andrew J. Hiltoii, Glenburn. 
First Lieutenant Miles McKinney, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Benjamin C. Frost, Bangor. 
.Second Lieutenant Charles E. Robinson, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Charle.'^ W. Lenfest, Milford. 
Second Lieutenant Isaac N. Morgan, Brewer. 
Second Lieutenant .Albert G. .Abbott, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Miles McKinney, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Edward L. Worcester. Bangor. 

NON-COMMLSSIONKD OFl'ICEKS. 

Sergeant Andrew J. Hilton, Glenburn. 
Sergeant Charles W. Lenfest, Milford. 
■ Sergeant Isaac N. Morgan, Brewer. 
Sergeant Albert G. Abbott, Bangor. 
Sergeant Herman P. Smith, Orringlon. 
Sergeant William A. Webster, Glenburn. 
.Sergeant Freeman D. Gove, Alton. 
Sergeant Charles W. Phipps, Orrington. 
.Sergeant William K. Nason, Kenduskeag. 
Sergeant Edward L. Worcester, Bangor. 
Sergeant Henry L. Thomas, Bradford. 
.Sergeant Sylvester G. Elliot, Holden. 
Corporal William H. Welch, Bradford. 
Corporal Miles McKinney, Bangor. 
Corporal .Addison C. Percival, Hudson. 
Corporal Nathaniel S. Hoyl, Bangor. 



Corporal Gustavus A. Watson, Bangor. 
Corporal William A. Webster, Bangor. 
Corporal Charles H. Pond, Bangor. 
Corporal Herman P. Smith, Orrington. 
Corporal George H. Robbins, Bangor. 
Corporal Ezra McGray. Bradfortl. 
Corporal Marion F. Tyler, Glenburn. 
Corporal Ferdinand C. Burr, Brewer. 
Corporal Joseph B. Tibbetts, Glenburn. 
Corporal Alonzo Gray, Bangor. 
Corporal Willard B. Emery, Bangor. 
Corporal Wilmot T. Vickery, Glenburn. 
Corporal Simeon A. Hapworlh, Bangor. 
Corporal Isaiah B. Bolton, Orrington. 
Corporal Charles E. Lovell, Bangor. 
Corporal Isaac P. F. McCobb, Bradford. 
Musician Charles L. Levalley, Bangor. 
Musician Elbridge T. Lansil, Bangor. 
Artificer .Alfred M. Cowan, Glenburn. 
Artificer C'harles H. Pond, Bangor. 
Wagoner Henry W. Hutchinson, Glenburn. 
Wagoner Charles Jones, Bangor. 

I'RIVATES. 

William .Alexander, Edward W. Gorh.am, Leonard McCoy, Thorn- 
ton M. Pierce, George H. Robbins, Edward L. Worcester, George W. 
Grant, Nathaniel S. Hoyt, Charles W. Johnson, Charles W. Jones, 
Henry J. Kimball, William S. Mayville, Henry H. Mayville, Patrick 
McCue, John P. Trask, Benjamin F. Whutier, .Ambrose Boyle, Jud- 
son Dexter, David Estes, John Elden, David King, Jason C. Russell, 
William Bartlett, Charles H. Daggett, George W. Grant, Nathan A. 
Hopkins, Lysander Bragg, .Artemas Butterfield, Manley Butterfield, 
Benjamin F. Buzzell, Isaac Duff, George M. Furbish, Samuel Gibson, 
Keuel Graves, Lorenzo D. Jones, Elbridge T. Lansill, Charles R. La- 
valley, Charles E. Lovell, Charles W. Lant, Richard P. McGrath, 
James McHugh, Charles H. McKenney, George F. Marquis, John H. 
Nason, Albert B. Rider, Thomas Sav,age, Joseph B. Tibbetts, Lemuel 
B. Whitney, Benjamin F. Whittier, Charles H. Whittier, Benjamin F. 
.Adams, .Andrew M. Davis, Charles E. Dodge, George Delany, George 
Emerson, William Allen, Andrew M. Davis, Bangor; Franklin Ware, 
Jeremiah T. Bowden, Henry A. Sever.ance, Is.aiah B. Bolton, Samuel 
M. Bolton, Timothy W. George, Charles W. Pliipps, Albert B. Rider, 
George B. Robinson, Aretus H. Baker, Orrington; Harvey A. Blanch- 
ard, .Albert Clements, Albert Smith, John Freese, Eli Veancon, George 
Inman, Joseph Labelle, Orono; Leander Vickery, Orlando Moore, 
Warren H. Kent, Solomon Morrison, James .A. Giles, Jefferson Gray, 
George W. Barstow, Lewis M. Thompson, John M. Beebe, John Fra- 
zer, Charles E. Shaw, Charles H. Tyler, Brewer, George S. Gates, An- 
drew E. Gates, Burlington; Benj.amin Jackson, Joseph O. Ward, Caimel; 
Franklin .S. Blayze, Greenbush, Joseph S. Hutchins, Nehemiah Brown, 
David R. Mills, Nathan M. Mills, Henry C. Hutchinson, Milford; 
Charles L. Langley, James Langley, Joseph R. Langley, James Lough- 
rey, Amaziah Langley, Stetson; Herbert T. Gibbs, James .A. Cole, 
Alfred M. Cowan, Rosalvan P. Cow.an, Henry Hutchinson, Herbert 
Leadbetter, Isaac H. Parsons, Willard W. Pomeroy, Marion F. Tyler, 
Wilmot T. Vickery, Glenburn; W. Jethro Clark, Alton; Truman D. Gre, 
Charles N. Le.avitt, Truman Gre, Corinth; Elbridge G. Gordon, Isaac 
P. F. McCobb, Jacob O. Mudgett, Charles Speed, John Speed, D.avid 
Brady, Stephen Stout, Henry L. Thomas, Albert Treat. Peter Tibdo, 
Henry Bell. James M. Call, .Augustus E. Clark, J^mes B. Erskine, 
John C. Erskine, Alphonso Fletcher, Austin Q. French, John H. Fur- 
bish, Bradford; Calvin R. Billington, Dedhain; Charles A. Colomy, 
Hudson; James .A. Courtney, William K. Nason, John S. Smith, Ken- 
duskeag; Leander F. Elliott, .Sylvander V. Elliott, Holden; John H. 
Tibbets, Charles T. Twonibly, Levant; Ira B. Robbins, Appleton; 
William P. Hewes, Charles F. Jewell, Dixmont; Sappel Orson, 
Thomas Loran, Thomas Dana, John Kealing, Thom.as Louis, Old- 
town; Sylvester C. Rose, Dexter; John Tomar, Lincoln; James Mc- 
Keen, Eddington; Elias K. Porter, Hampden; Henry W. Rider, Peter 
Tidbo, William H. Welch, Bradford; William W. Tibbetts, Clifton. 

COMPANY C. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain George R. Fernald, Levant. 
First Lieutenant Horatio Pitcher, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Hezekiah H. Lane, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant James F. Robinson, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Charles J. House, Lee. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



iSS 



NON-COMMISSIONEn OFFUKKS. 

Sergeant CJeorge A. York, Bangor. 

I'HIVATES. 

James F. Aldridge, Eben W. Foster, George G. Henries, Chris- 
topher Mench, William H. I'orter, Alonzo Thompson, Benjamin 
Edley, N. G. Furtjiisli, Andrew (iarland, John Ham, Hezekiah Lane, 
Charles D. Mowney, James F. Kobinson, William White, Bangor; 
William J. Wilcox, Patten; Charles W. Allen, Hampden; Nathan 
Hrasier, Oldtown; W. Alney Titus, William L. Carr, George W. 
Curtis, Dexter; Don Carlos Sinclair; Edward J. Howard, Brewer; 
Daniel Clifford, Lincoln; Edwin G. Brimmer, Charleston; Francis G. 
Knowlton, Dixmont; William W. Smith, Edwin T. Smith, Orrington; 
Josiah Towle, Joshua Walton, iCnfield; David E. Cunningham, Brad- 
ford; CliarlesJ. House, I.ec. 

COMTANY D. 
COMMISSIONI-'.D npFlCKRS. 

Captain Christopher V. Grossman, Bangor. 
I aptain Frederick E. Shaw, Bangor. 
Captain Abiather |. Knowles, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Frederic E. Shaw, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Henry E. Sellers, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Geoige Rollins, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant William A. Beckford, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant James A. Dole, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Henry E. Sellers. Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant George Rollins, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant William A. Beckford, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Thomas S. Drumniond, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Hezekiah H. Lane, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant James F. Robinson, Bangor. 

NON-COMMI.S.StONED OFFlCliRS. 

Sergeant Henry E. Sellers, Bangor. 
Sergeant Jonathan C. Lane, Bangor. 
Sergeant John S. Pearson. Bangor. 
Sergeant William A. Bickford, Bangor. 
Sergeant .\lbert Haskell, Bangor. 
Sergeant William A. Howe, Eddington. 
Sergeant Henry M. Howe, Eddington. 
Sergeant Hezekiah H. Lane, Bangor. 
Corporal Lorenzo D. Hoyt, Stetson. 
Corporal Joseph W. Covell, Bangor. 
Corporal James F. Robinson, Bangor. 
Corporal Corydon Ireland, Bangor. 
Corporal Calvin Kirk, Bangor. 
Corporal Albion K. P. Grant, Eddington. 
Corporal .Mmon W. Blackman, Eddington. 
Corporal Walter S. Gilman, Bangor. 
Corporal James W. Bowman, Bangor. 
Corporal Albert C. Ellis, Bangor. 
Corporal Frank W. Webster, Bangor. 
Corporal George Rollins, Bangor. 
Corporal Timothy Cole, Bangor. 
Corporal William A. Howe, Eddington. 
Corporal John Jackson, Bangor 
Corporal Thomas .S. Drummond, Bangor. 
Musician Charles H. Finson, Bangor. 
Musician Charles H. Tuesley, Hermon. 
Artificer .^maziah Billings, Bangor. 
Wagoner Isaac S. Dunning, Eddington. 

HRIV.\TE.S. 

William C. Chamberlain, Otis Dunbar, Davis Ames, Stephen M. 
Bickford, John Bowen, Warren Boynton, Gorham Bulger, Prentiss M. 
Baker. Alfred W. Cappers, John Cox, Timothy Cole, George H. Cros- 
by, William Dixon, James Dore, Fred F. Davis, Thomas Donahue, 
.■\ndrew Frith. Ichabod G. Furbish, Isaac W. Gillespie, Joseph Good- 
win, David Ames, Walter S. Gilman, Roscoe G. Johnson, Samuel P. 
Jones, Calvin Kirk, Walter Leigliton, Charles W. Lowell, Thomas 
McCluskey, Charles H. Merrill, Edward K. Moulton, Amaziah Bil- 
lings, William H. Bragdon, Joseph W. Covel, Adrain R. Drew, John 
W. Hurd, Christopher L. Hutchinson, Corydon Ireland, Hezekiah H. 
Lane, William W. Philbrook, jr., David T. Pierce, George W. Porter, 
John N. Prescolt, Joseph B. Prescott, Harvey H. Reed, Frank .S. 
Robinson, James F. Robinson, Thomas Rose, Reuben W. Seavey, 
Charles N. Smith, Charles W. Smith, Sumner Tibbetts, Rodolphus A. 
Tufts, William Wallace, Mathew Waters, Robert A. Webster, George 



W. Withan, Henry S. Hall, John W. Hanscom, Chris L. Hutchin- 
son, George A. Haskell, Charles O. Hutchinson, Joseph Hazleton 
Sanniel P. Jones, Roscoe G. Johnson, Charles A. Jones, James A. 
Scullin, Horace A. Smith, Horace S. Smith, Theodore C. Stevens, 
John M. Tuttle, Alphonzo W. Philbrook, Eugene S. Philbrook, 
Samuel M. Emerson, Charles Parkhurst, Norris N. Pierce, Henry 
Pomroy, Frank S. Power, James Rediker, James F. Thompson, Henry 
S. Hall, John Hanscom, Timothy Mahoney, Archibald McDougal; 
Hosca B. Perkins, Jonas Page, Seward P. Richardson, James I. 
Smith, Benjamin Wiley, jr., John S. Libbey, Frank B. Whitting, 
James A. Dole, Richard Firth. George Firth. Bangor ; Rodolphus A. 
Tufts, Joseph P. Dorr, Josiah E. Hurd, Robert R. Damon, Paul 
Berry, Stetson; George V. Bran, William C. Durgin, James B. Webb, 
.Samuel J. Wentworth, Veazie ; Tristram H. Warren, Hudson; 
Charles H. Tuesley, Stephen L. Watson. Hermon ; Simon L. Norton, 
Lee; Abiather J. Knowles, Lagrange; Edward L. Himt, Jeremiah 
Cook, Oldtown ; Horatio F. Bean, Gustavus W. Bean, Etna ; Hiram 
G. Bolton, Corinth ; David Bishop, Pattagumpus ; Valentine Clevly, 
Charles H. Calef,* Henry S. Campbell, Almon W. Blackman, Charles 
F. Broad, Isaac Dumming, Albion K. P. Grant, Henry M. Howe, Ed- 
dington ; Charles Shaw. Charles F. Pease, George H. Leathers, Dan- 
iel R. Leathers, Hazen B. Eastman, Exeter ; Charles A. Peavey, 
James W. Dutton, William E. Dutton, George A. Johnson, Emery 
W. H.atch, John T. Sears, Aaron Nason, Orono; David Smith, Dix- 
mont; Alexander Carr, Lorenzo Parks, John Jcllison, Lorenzo Par- 
ker, Clifton ; John Patter, Jehiel S. Flanders, Hudson ; William H. 
Beatham, Lincoln ; George H. Fish, Carmel ; John H. Partridge, 
Hampden ; Gideon K. Oliver, Bradley ; Austin L. Jones, Holden. 

COMPANY E. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.?. 

Captain Benjamin F. Rollins, Dixmont. 
Captain Prince A. Gatchell, Lincoln. 
First Lieutenant Frederick A. Cummings, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Benjamin F. Rollins, Dixmont. 
First Lieutenant George P. Pote, Bangor. 
.Second Lieutenant Fred A. Cummings, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Benjamin F. Rollins, Dixmont. 
.Second Lieutenant G. P. Pote, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONEn OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Charles J. House, Lee. 
Sergeant Frederick A. Cummings. 
Corporal .Samuel F. Tasker, Bangor. 
Corporal Ludovic O. G.atchell, Lee. 
Corporal Jeptha Young, jr., Dixmont. 
Corporal Daniel W. Pettingill, Corinim. 
Artificer Richard P. Raynes, Bangor. 
Artificer .'\lpheus Rowell, Dixmont. 

PRIV.VTES. 

Elisha A. Adams, Willard G. Delano, John Fitzgerald, Atwood 
Hillard, William S. Randlett, Richard P. Raynes, William L. Samp- 
son, Henry O. Smiley, Samuel F. Tasker, Abeal Fowles, James R. 
Orne, David O. Pollard, David V. Fogg, Amos D. Orne, George G. 
Thompson, Eliphalet Emery, David Hewey, Moses H. Hubbard, Nel- 
son Hart, William L. Hodsdon, John J. Johnston, Charles E. Lord, 
Isaac M. Sanborn, Bangor; Isaac L. Sanborn, Newport; Benjamin 
D. Averill, Prentiss; George E. Ba'I, George W. Greenough, George P. 
Leighton, Exeter; Ezra Mitchell, Thomas D. Jordan, John Saul, J.ason 
Burlingame, Oldtown; James A. Barnes, William Bartlett, Emerson 
Bartlett, Charles A. Gatchell, Charles J. House, Jesse J. Peacock, Ben- 
jamin W. Rollins, Charles Thurlow, Wentworth Staples, Lee; Prince 
A. Gatchell, Lincoln; Sanford W. Foster, Springfield; .Andrew J. 
Reeves, William R. Reeves, Andrew W. McFarland, Bradford; Horace 
Decker, Lagrange; .Sewall B. Blake, Dexter; Osborne Weeman, Ken- 
duske.ag; Jeptha Young jr., .Mpheus Rowell, Stephen Myrick, Dixmont; 
Amos A. Withee, Etna; George Thompson, Elisha H. Broad, (ieorge 
S. Woodbury, Eddington; Seth H. Brown, No. 3 Plant.ition; Joseph 
F. Brown, Greenbush; John Bradford, ,\lton. 

COMP.VNY V. 
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Lorenzo Hinkley, Hampden. 
Captain Roscoe F.' Hersey, Bangor. 
Captain George R. Fernald, Levant. 
First Lieutenant Roscoe F. Hersey, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant George R. Fernald, Levant. 



156 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



First Lieutenant Horace H. Shaw, Hampden. 
First Lieutenant John N. Batchelder, Hampden. 
First Lieutenant Jolin A. Lancey, Hanger. 
Second Lieutenant Gardiner H. Ruggles, Carniel. 
Second Lieutenant John N. Batchelder, Hampden. 
Second Lieutenant James A. Dole, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Stephen G. Waldron, Hamjiden. 
Second Lieutenant George R. Fernald, Levant. 
Second Lieutenant Horace H. Shaw, Hampden. 

NON-COMMTS.SIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Luther K. Patten, Hermon. 
Sergeant Nathan Emerson, jr., Hampden. 
Sergeant Asa T. Wing, Levant. 
Sergeant Stephen G. Waldron, Hampden. 
Sergeant James Goodel, jr., Hampden. 
Sergeant John W. Blake, Carmel. 
Sergeant Edward C. Tuttle, Bangor. 
.Sergeant George E. Gilman, Levant. 
Sergeant Horace H. .Shaw, Hampden. 
Sergeant Gardner H. Ruggles, Carmel. 
Sergeant John N. Batclielder, Hampden. 
Sergeant Horatio N. P. Spooner, Levant. 
Corporal Fred A. Chamberlain, Bangor. 
Corporal Bradley W. Abbott, Etna. 
Corporal Alonzo A. Orr, Argyle. 
Corporal Allison Blackden, Carmel. 
Corporal Edwin K. Stuart, Etna. 
Corporal Araunah Tracey, Carmel. 
Corporal Daniel R. Stevenson, Hampden. 
Corporal Stephen S. Sawyer, Hamj)den. 
Corjioral David S. Farnhani, Carmel. 
Corporal Simeon C. Wliitcomb, Hampden. 
Corporal John H. Kelley, Bangor. 
Corpora! Mark T. Emerson, Bangor. 
Corporal Nathan Emerson, jr., Hampden. 
Corporal William M. Stevenson, Hampden. 
Corporal James A. Dole, Bangor. 
Corporal Charles E. Perkins, Bradley. 
Corporal James C. Gray, Etna. 
Corporal George E. Dodge, Carmel. 
Corporal ."^sa T. Wing, Levant. 
Musician Amos W. Twombly, Levant. 
Musician Andrew C. Sawyer, Levant. 
Artificer Otis H. Manter, Carmel. 
Wagoner Lafayette Brown, Hermon. 

PRIVATES. 

Joseph Appleton, Llewellyn A. Appleton, Bartlett Bradford, Cory- 
don C. Blackden, Loomis J. Kelker, Owen D. Bradford, .Augustus H. 
Collins, John A. Murch, John D. Small, Allison Blackden, Goff M. 
Blackden, John W. Blake, Peleg Bradford, jr., Eugene Burrill, Cyrus 
Heard, John Heard, Andrew S. Knight, Peter Patterson, George L. 
Robinson, Avandah Smith, Josiah Staples, Seldon Rogers, Arunah 
Tracy, Martin V. Tripp, Carmel; Abijah T. Young, Edwin K. Stuart, 
Daniel 1*. Reynolds, Harrison R. Friend, Joseph Carter, John G. Car- 
ter, _Eugene Lord, Bradley W. Abbott, Etna; Harnson L. Mitchell, 
John A. Urey, Henry W. Pomroy, Aaron W. Edgerly, Richard L. 
Beebe, Frederick L. Clark, Levi Corson, jr., Otis W. Ellis, George E. 
Gilman, Orrin Houston, David A. Legrow, Thomas L. May, Charles 
F. Reed, James Turner, jr., Altheus O. Wing, Levant; Stephen G. 
Waldron, Hezekiah Whitcomb, Simeon C. Whilcomb, Oliver Wray, 
Wm. J. Temple,John W. Snow, Francis H.Snow.Alphonso Smith, Har- 
vey Sawyer, Stephen S. Sawyer, Andrew Patterson, G. J. Nickerson, 
Francis E. Joy, Daniel R. Stevenson, L. M. .Stevenson, A. E. Hardy, 
Frederick T. Hall, James Goodell, jr., Orrington Gowin, Levi K. 
Mayo, Melvin S. .Stevenson, Henry F. Stubbs, John W. Shaw, Hamp- 
den; John L. Robinson, James O. Knowlton, Corinth; Dennis Sher- 
bum, Newburg; Edward C. Tuttle, Charles J. Small, John H. Kelley, 
Nathan D. Hanson, Robert Fulton, jr. , Frederick A. Chamberlain, 
John A. Lancey, Roscoe Johnston, Dennis Higgins, William Howard, 
Charles F. Clark, John F. Drew, Henry O. Keith, John F. Montgom- 
ery, Rodney J. Taylor, Bangor; Charles P. Wheeler, .Newport; 
Joshua W. Tuesley, Robert Swan, Samuel Snow, James J. Reeves, 
Samuel Pomroy, Thomas Miller, Charles H. Maddocks, Ephraim J. 
Drew, .Sylvester Drew, Charles R. Clark, Jacob R. Bowen, George 
W. Taylor, George A. York, David W. Barrett, Edward R. Maddocks, 
John Hall, Isaac W. Grant, OrviUeJ. Dorman, James Booker, .Sanford 



Annis. Hermon; John H. Bell, Henry M. French, Hughs. Skillin 
Garland; John W. Smith, William T. Gray, Ransom C. Dodge, .Am^ 
brose Nason, Bradley; Rufus H. Gilman, E.Neter; Charles B. Smith, 
Charles O. Perry, Franklin C. Barwise, Brewer; Oliver P. Hodgdon , 
Kenduskeag; Henry Lord, Dexter; Alonzo A. Orr, Stephen Grant, 
George F. Bussell, Darius G. Brown, Argyle; Timothy Murphy, Orono; 
Osgood W. Stevens, Bradford; Alva M. Chick, Dixmont; Isaac A. 
Billinglon, Thomas Wenlworth, James K. Wentworth, Orrington. 

COMPANY G. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Second Lieutenant Alphonzo A. Tozier, Veazie. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Corporal John G. Hammons. Etna. 
Corporal James C. Bradbury, Burlington. 

PRIVATES. 

Asa Batchelder, Levant; Henry W. Casey, Hermon; William II. 
Shaw, David Legrow, Frank B. Dore, Orono; Floriman D. Furbish, 
Edwin W. Gould, Randall N. Cochran, David McLane, William 
Ritchie, Charles Randlett, Bangor; Jeremiah Towle, Enfield; Sylvester 
Taylor, Newport; Alonzo E. Randall, Dixmont; William R. Betts, 
Ellis Mehan, James Jones, Cornelius Mehan, Nathaniel .Spaulding, 
Hampden; Elisha P. Smith, Chester; Simon McLain, John Robinson, 
01dtov\'n; Alson H. Quimby, Jethro S. Getchell, Etna; Josiah M. 
Gowdey, Timothy C. Atkinson, Charleston; Henry W. Casey, Her- 
mon; John S. Leathers, Carmel; Thornton E. Peavey, Joseph Peavey, 
Lincoln; Jacob McKenney, Stetson; Henry H. Sleeper, Milford; 
Charles D. Tirrell, Holden; Alonzo Cummings, Lowell. 

COMPANY H. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Second Lieutenant John A. Lancey, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Corj^or.al Asbury F. Haynes, Passadumkeag. 

PRIVATES. 

Alvin C. Casey, Ednnmd Perry, Loren O. Ward, Carmel; George 
Tucker, Greenfield; Benjamin Thomas, Charles W. Temple, Maxfield; 
Charles H. Dunham, Granville Dunham, Etna; Alfred Hirt, Bradford; 
Alfred J. Douglass, Exeter; John F. Norton, Springfield; Thomas 
Williams, George W. Tuesley, Hermon; William G. Jackson, Con- 
verse Thomas, Samuel A. Thomas, Frank Field, Lee; Charles H. 
Saulsbury, Orono; John W. Mitchell, Etna; Lewis A. Nason, John H. 
Jewell, George Jewell, Carroll G. Bickford, George M. Willey, Dix- 
mont; Charles E. Fickett, Brewer; Charles T. Haskell, I^evant; John 
H. Modrey, Bangor; John Carrigan, Milford; Josiah M. Whittier, 
Austin W. Whittier, Corinth; Dennis Higgins, Hampden. 

COMPANY I. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain John W. Atwell, Orono. 
Captain Andrew J. Jaquith. Oldtown. 
Captain Samuel J. Oakes, Oldtown. 
Captain Hudson .Sawyer, Levant. 
First Lieutenant Andrew J. Jaquith, Oldtown. 
First Lieutenant Samuel J. Oakes, Oldtown. 
First Lieutenant Richard V. Moore, Oldtown. 
First Lieutenant Benjamin F. Oakes, Oldtown. 
First Lieutenant Albert White, Orono. 
First Lieutenant Thomas G. Spratt, Orono. 
Second Lieutenant Lemuel J. Oakes, Oldtown. 
Second I^ieutenant Richard V. Moore, Oldtown. 
Second Lieutenant Samuel W. Crowell, Orono. 
Second Lieutenant Benjamin F. Oakes, Oldtown. 
Second Lieutenant Albert White, Orono. 
Second Lieutenant Thomas G. Spratt, Alton. 
Second Lieutenant Abiather J. Knowles, Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Charles M. Weymouth, Orono. 
Sergeant Alphonzo A. Tozier, Veazie. 
Sergeant Albert Guppy, Corinth. 
Sergeant Benjamin M. Foss, Orono. 
Sergeant Edwin F. Lord, Oldtown. 
Sergeant Isaac Q. Freeze, Lagrange. 
Sergeant Newton E. Bonney, Veazie. 
Sergeant Richard V. Moore, Veazie. 
Sergeant Albert White, Orono. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



157 



Sergeant John K. Bennoch, Orono. 

Sergeant Samuel W. Crowell. Orono. 

Sergeant Ithamer D. Morton, Oltltmvn. 

Corp.oral John A. Cousins, Oldiown. 

Corporal Charles W. Southard, Orono. 

Corporal Edw.ardJ. Milton, Oldtown. 

Corporal John R. Curtis, Orono. 

Corporal Charles Derocher, Orono. 

("orporal Kdmund C. Parsons, Orono. 

Corporal Chesley L. Metcalf,eOIdto\vn. 

C'orporal Melville C. Marsh. Orono. 

Corporal Thomas S. Spratl, .Alton. 

Corporal Moses .A. Colburn, Orono. 

Corporal Charles W. Weymouth, Orono. 

Corporal .Adelbert Sproul, \'eazie. 

Corporal Charles Dernsha, Orono. 

Corporal Benjamin F. Oakes, Oldtown. 

Corporal Andrew S. Butters, Oldtown. 

Corporal George .S. Oakes, Oldtown. 

Musician Moses A. Colburn, Orono. 

Musician William H. Gr.ant, Bangor. 

Musician Albert C. Palmer, Exeter. 

Artificer .Andrew .S. Butters, Oldtown. 

Artificer George T. Springer, Oldtown. 

Wagoner Charles Mercer, Orono. 

PRIVATES. 

William F. Babb, George B. McKechnie, .Alton; Joseph Bo.irdway, 
Bradley; Newton E. Bonney, William Doane, William H. Doughty, 
James G. Dudley, John L. Rollins, Timothy E. Phillips, Veazie; 
Charles H. Bosworth, Charles -A. Burgess, Barnard G. Church, 
Thomas J. Cole, John .A. Cousins, Erastus F. Emerj', Rufus Gross, 
Theodore H. Graffan, William Grover, John F. Hodgkins, James H. 
Harrison, Calvin L. Hutchins, Charles H. Kno.v, Edwin F. Lord, 
Chesley L. Metcalf, Zina Michael, Edward Milton, jr., James M. 
Moore, Wentworth Xason, Ephraim L. Brown, Edmund M. ICrskine, 
Alverdo W. Ford, Oliver Porter, Samuel P. Soule, George B. Stinson, 
George B. Smith, Lorenzo Warren, Oldtown; Joel F. Brown, .Allen 
W. Buzzell. Ira Chapman, John B. Cole, John B. Curtis, George W. 
Dernsha, Oval Dernsha, Henry H. Doane, Kichard Dowdell, George 
W. Doe, Benjamin F. Foss, Thomas Gilbert, Selden Hancock, Nich- 
olas Harris, .Amos R. Lansel, Albert W. Marsh, Melville C. Marsh, 
Anson C. Morrill, Thomas Neddo, James M. Neal, Edmund Parsons, 
Henry Pooler, Leander Russell, William S. Averill, George Derocher, 
Augustus Goodwin, James F. Gelchell, Leander R. Young, David 
Lord; Alexander Veancour, James Carey, .Andrew J. Miles, Greenlief 
McPhetres, Orono; Isaac Q. Freeze. Lagrange; Albert Guppy, Still- 
man Guppy, )ohn W. Ham, Corinth; Andrew D. Hall, William R. 
Washburn, Brewer; James -A. Hathaway, Lowell; Josiah M. Jordan, 
Troy; Eli .Andrews. Job Kelley, Daniel J. Flanders, Newburg; Alvin 
S. Archer, Francis M. Archer, Medway; Joseph W. Cottle, .Alfred 
Cottle, Alfred Carter, Ithamar Emerson, Fred A. McKenney, Bangor; 
Moses Davis, Winn; James Davis, Lincoln; Charles H. Hardy, Etna; 
George E. Tibbetts, Horatio Tibbetts, Alvin Overlook, Hermon; Hen- 
ry Rowe, Peru; Thomas B. Worcester, Prentiss; Randall J. Wilson, 
Charleston. 

COMPANY K. 

NON-CO.MMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Charles B. Flinn. Levant. 

PRIVATES. 

Benjamin L. Crowell, John F. .Ames, Charles M. Dority, Corinth; 
Solomon T. Trott. .Amos E. Tiott, Winn; Albert Scribner, Charleston; 
Elisha Simpson, John Simpson, Bradford; James .Smith, Josiah H. 
Porter, Willis M. Porter, Charles Holmes, Oldtown; George E. 
Bradley, Clifton; Moses P. Carson, John H. Dearborn, Andrew 
Springer, Stephen Silk, Martin Welch, Guslavas Malmquist, Francis 
O'Brien, John Pomroy, James Rogers, Ephraim W. Stewart, John P. 
Sprague, Lambert Bancroft, John Dougherty, Bangor; David R. 
Lane, Eleazar Hutchinson, Lincoln; Henry H. Hurd, PIvmouth; 
Franklin W. Emery, Glenburn; Justin F. Bourne, Levant; .Vathaniel 
Tre.adwell, jr., Lowell. 

COMPANY L. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Charles W. Lenfest, Milfor^l. 
Captain Horatio N. P. Spooner, Levant. 
Captain Thomas Foster, Hampden. 



Captain Benjamin F. Oakes, Orono. 
First Lieutenant Horatio N. P. Spooner. Levant. 
First Lieutenant Thom.as Foster, Hampden: 
First Lieutenant George E. Dodge, Carmel. 
First Lieutenant Edward L. Worcester, Bangor, 
Second Lieutenant George .A. Oakes, Oldtown. 

NON-COMMISSIO,\ED OFFICERS. 

. Sergeant George E. Dodge, Carmel. 
Sergeant Joseph D. Sawyer, Oldtown. 
.Sergeant .Abiathcr J. Knowles, Bradford. 
Sergeant Josepli A. Burlingame, Oldtown. 
Musician .\lbra M. Perkins, Veazie. 
Artificer John M. Hamlin, Hampden. 

rRIV.\TES. 

Jolin H. Booker, Horace Tibbetts, Hermon; John J. Randall, 
Orono; Michael Bramegan, Dwinal .A. H.aynes, Augustus D. Prescott, 
George .A. Tibbetts, Albert J. O.sgood, Charles Wiley, James Averill, 
John Bigelow, Bangor; Charles Downs, Springfield; Henry .A. Hig- 
gins, David G. Foster, Irad Walker, jr., John Finnegan, Hampden; 
John H. McMulIen, Oldtown; Sylvester King, Lee; Franklin Chap- 
man, Newburg; Omar Shaw, Stetson; Rufus P. Patterson, Alfred P. 
Patterson, Newport; David Clendenin, Winn; George B. Crawford, 
Alton. 

COMPANY .M. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain Ezekiel R. Mayo, Hampden. 
Captain Fred .A. Cummings. Bangor. 
Captain Charles Merrill, Lincoln. 
First Lieutenant C^harles W. Lenfest, Bangor. 
First Lieutenant Prince .A. (Jatchell, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Joseph VV. Whitmore, Ham]Hlen. 
Second Lieutenant Benjamin C. Frost, Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant .Arthur P. Budge, Springfield. 
Second Lieutenant .Andrew C. McCurdy, Lincoln. 

NON-COMMISSIO.\ED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Norris N. Pierce, Bangor. 
Sergeant David A. Knowies, Hampdim. 
Sergeant Andrew C. McCurdy, Lincoln. 
Corporal Francis I',. Dean, Bangor. 
Corporal Isaac .A. Billington, Orrington. 

PRIVATES. 

Horace C. Grifiin, Matthew Elslager, Charles H. Johnson, Henry 
O. Kirth, Ebenezer B. Ordway, Starling Mower, William Spencer, 
Bradley; Stephen N. Barker, Charleston; Orlando Moore, George B. 
Barstow, Brewer; William F. Butters, Exeter; William W. Lander, 
John Brown, Dexter; George J. McDowell, Eli Veancon, Horace Buck- 
ley, Orono; Oliver W. Bates, Greenbush; Andrew Clindinnion, Chester; 
John E. Hathorn, Bradford; Alfred H. Hoyt, Kenduskeag; Mark P. 
Kelley, Levant; .Anderson P. Norton, Garland; Charles H. Philbrick; 
Newburg; Rufus H. Rook. Clifton; Josiah M. Whittier, Corinth; 
Franklin Ware, Orrington. 

DETACHMENT FIFTH REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY. 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Sergeant Charles Dwinell, Bangor. 

PRIVATES. 

Michael Brannegan, Dwinel .A. Haynes. Augustus D. Prescott, 
Bangor; David Clendennin, Winn; John Finnegan. Hampden; John 
McMullen, Oldtown; Elon G. Moore, Dixmont; John J. Rand. ill, 
Orono; George I. Smith, Hudson. 

KIR.ST REGIMENT MOUNTED ARTILLERY. 

This organization was comijosed of seven batteries, 
serving in different commands, which were organized for 
three years. 

The following is an olificial list of battles in which tlie 
several batteries bore an honorable jwrt, so far as jnib- 
lished in orders: 

First Battery (.A)— Georgia Landing, Cotten, Bisland, Port Hudson, 
Cox's Plantation. 

.Second B.attfry (B)— Official list of battles not yet published in orders. 
Third Battery (C')— Official list of battles not yet jiublished in orders. 



iS8 



HISrORV OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Fourth Battery (D) — Cedar .Mountain, Antietam, Wilderness, Spott- 
sylvaiiia. Coal Harbor. 

Fifth Battery (E)— Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spott- 
sylvania. Coal Harbor, Petersburg, C>pei|uan, Fisher's Hill, Cedar 
Creek. 

Sixth Battery (F)— Cedar Mountain, .Second Bull Run, Chantilly, 
Antietam, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, .Spottsylvania, North 
Anna, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, 

Seventh Battery (G) — Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Coal 
Harbor, Petersburg, Reanis's .Station, Poplar Spring Church. 

THE FIR.ST MOUNTED BATTERY 

was organized at Portland, December iS, 1861, and on 
the following day went to Camp Chase, Lowell, Massa- 
chusetts, where it remained until February 6, 1862, and 
left Boston on the Sth for Ship Island, Mississippi, land- 
ing there March loth. On the 15th of May it arrived 
in New Orleans, and immediately entered upon patrol 
and garrison duty, which it performed until October 1st, 
when it was assigned to Brigadier-General Weitzel's re- 
serve brigade at Carrolton. On the 24th of the same 
month the battery embarked on transjiorts for Donald- 
sonville, and on the 27th participated in the engagement 
at Labadieville, after which it went into camp near Thi- 
bodeaux, where it remained until January 11, 1863, and 
on that day proceeded towards Pattersonville on the 
Teche, where, on the 14th, it was, throughout the whole 
day, constantly engaged with the enemy. The battery 
afterwards returned to Thibodeau.x, and thence to Bra- 
shear City. On the 12th and 13th of April the battery 
was engaged with the enemy at Bisland, and on the 27th 
at Port Hudson, where it lost i man killed and 13 
wounded, also 13 horses killed. Immediately after the 
fall of Port Hudson, where it was under fire more or less 
every day, the battery embarked for Donaldsonville, 
where it took a prominent part in the engagement of the 
13th of July, losing i man killed and 15 wounded, also 
16 horses killed. On the 3d of .'\ugust the battery ar- 
rived at Baton Rouge, and on the i Sth of September it 
was assigned to (General Franklin's Army Corps, and en- 
camped near New Iberia. On the 29th day of Decem- 
ber, every man present for duty with the battery, re-en- 
listed for three years, under War Departtiient order 
authorizing such re-enlistment of men who had served 
two years, the muster-in taking place January i, 1864. 
The battery arrived in New Orleans on the 20th of Jan- 
uary, and on the loth of February the re-enlisted men 
came North on a furlough of thirty days, arriving at 
Augusta, Maine, on the 2 2d, where they rendezvoused 
on the 22d of March, remaining until April 4th, when 
the battery moved to Portland, leaving there on the 15th 
for Annapolis, Maryland, having been assigned to Gen- 
eral Burnside's Corps. On its arrival at Annapolis, on 
the 19th, the battery was ordered to Washington, District 
of Columbia, where, on the 12th of July, it assisted in 
repelling the rebel forces under General Early at Fort 
Stevens, and on the 30th was assigned to the Nineteenth 
Army Corps. On the 19th of September it took a prom- 
inent part in the action at Winchester, Virginia, and at 
Strasburg on the 2 2d, and on the 2Sth bivouacked at 
Harrisonburg, remaining until October sth. The casual- 
ties in the battery in the several engagements from the 
19th to the 26th of September, were 2 killed and 7 



wounded. On the 5th of October the battery proceeded 
on the return march to Cedar Creek, Virginia, where it 
arrived on the loth, and on the 19th participated in the 
severe engagement at that place, resulting in the complete 
rout of the enemy. The battery lost in that engagement 2 
enlisted men killed, i officer and 16 enlisted men 
wounded, and 8 men taken prisoners, also 49 horses 
killed. On the 9th of November the battery moved 
from Cedar Creek to Winchester, where it remained until 
January 14, 1865, when it proceeded to Manchester, Vir- 
ginia. On the 14th of April it returned to Winchester, 
and there remained in cam|i until July 9th, when it em- 
barked for Portland, Maine, arriving on the 13th, where, 
on the 15th of July, it was mustered out and discharged 
from the United States service by Captain C. Holmes, 
United States Army, in accordance with orders from the 
War Department. 

PRIVATES. 

Alexander Butler, William Jeffers, John J. McCasthn, Timothy Dris- 
coll, Stephen Russell, Bangor; Peter Dennis, Oldtown; Alexander 
Burton. Eddington; John Mahoney ist. John Mahoney 2<1, Charles- 
ton; Elisha Sanborn, Brewer; Daniel H. Dearborn, Newport. 

SECOND MOUNTED liATTERV. 

Organized at Augusta, November 30, 1861. Mustered 
out June 16, 1865. 

PRTVATKS. 

Charles E. Ring, Bangor; Leonard W. Mann, Greenfield. 
THE THIRD MOUNTED BATTERY 

was organized at Augusta, Maine, December 11, 1861; 
remained encamped until March 19, 1862, when they left 
for Portland, where, after remaining in barracks at Island 
Park until April ist, they left for Washington, arriving 
in that city on the 3d. They were detached, on the 
14th, to act as [wntooniers under General McDowell, in 
which capacity they served until November 7th, when 
they returned to Fort Lincoln, where they eng.jged in 
building battery "Maine." On the 28th of March, 
1863, the Third Battery was transferred to the First Regi- 
ment Heavy Artillery, Maine volunteers, and assigned as 
Company M. On the 5th of January, 1864, 72 men, 
three-fourths of the whole number of men then belong- 
ing to the battery, re-enlisted for three years, and arrived 
at Augusta, Maine, January 21st, when the men were 
granted a furlough of thirty days; they rendezvoused at Au- 
gusta, on the 2 2d of February, prciwratory to rejoining the 
First Heavy Artillery. At this date, however, orders 
were received from the War Department, detaching the 
organization from the latter regiment and re-organizing it 
as the Third Battery of Mounted Artillery, with orders to 
report at Camp Barry, Washington, District of Columbia, 
where they arrived on the 28th of February. The bat- 
tery remained at Camp Barry until the 5th of July, when 
it proceeded to City Point, Virginia, and on the 9th was 
assigned to the Third Division of the Ninth Artny Corps, 
then in position in front of Petersburg, before the rebel 
works in front of Cemetery Hill, which position it oc- 
cupied until the 19th of August, during the interval be- 
ing more or less engaged daily with the enemy's batteries. 
It bore an honorable part in the general engagement of 
July 30th, — the mine explosion. On the 30th of August 
the battery was transferred to the Reserve Artillery Corjis, 



HISTORY OF I'KNOliSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



'59 



Army of the Potomac, and on the 25th of October 
moved to the defences of City Point, having been in 
position in the trenches before the rebel works in front 
of Petersburg from the yth of July till the 25th of 
October, with but three days exception. The battery re- 
mained on duty at the defences of City Point until May 
3, 1865, when it proceeded to Washington, District of 
Columbia, and on the 2d of June left that place for 
Maine, arriving at Augusta on the 6th, where, on the 
17th, it was mustered out of the United States service 
by Captain W. G. Rankin, Thirteenth United States In- 
fantry, and on the 2 2d the men were paid and finally 
discharged. 

C(,)MMISblUNl,IJ OFl-ICERS. 

Captiiin Jnmcs G. .Swett, Bangor. 

Captain E/ekiel R. Mayo, Hampden. 

First I jeulenant Kzekiel R. Mayo, Hampden. 

First Lieutenant .Setli Allen Emory. Bangor. 

First Lieutenant Joseph W. Whitniore, Hampden. 

.Second Lieutenant Melville C. Burgess, Hermon. 

Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Whitniore, Hampden. 

Second Lieutenant J osiah N. Baker, Orrington. 

NON-COMMISSIONED Ol'FICEKS. 

Sergeant John 'labor, Bangor. 
Sergeant Thomas R. Smith, Milford. 
Sergeant .\bner Shepherd, De.xter. 
Sergeant John Bunker, Brewer. 
Sergeant George W. Goodell, Hampden. 
Corporal Alonzo E. Ricker, Bangor. 
Corporal William H. Cates, Bangor. 
Corporal A. B. Baker, Orrington. 
Corporal Daniel Emerson, Hermon. 
(."orporal Joseph G. Nichols, Dc.xtcr. 
Corporal Timothy Stubbs, jr. , Orrington. 
Corporal Joseph .\. Smith, Orrington. 
Corporal George F. McDonald, Brewer. 
Musician George W. Smith, Brewer. 
Musician Henry I'arger, jr. , Biewer. 
.Artificer Daniel I*. Colson, Brewer. 
Wagoner Charles H. Sprague, Corinna. 

PRIVATES. 

Edward .\dams, Henry Bowen, Edward Allen, Henry N. Carey, 
Samuel C. Davis, William J. Estabrook, Charles H. Forbes, Frank 
H. Hall, Samuel W. Jones, William Norwood, Josiah ^L Mayberry, 
William G. Ricker, Charles Ricker, Jeremiah N. Richardson, John 
Snow, Edward J. H. Snow, William Littlefield, Daniel Litllefield, 
George A. McDonald, John C. Rich, Bangor; George Wayer, Daniej 
P. Colson, Isaiah Geunthner, Benjamin F. Glidden, Rufus A. Hall, 
Henry Parker, jr., George W. Grant, Samuel M. Given, John S. Green, 
Thomas F. Green, .Andrew J. Smith, Benjamin Snow, Gratien .Sala- 
berry, Brewer; William C. Worcester, Reuben A. Robinson, C'armel; 
Andrew F. .Angervine, Edward L. Hunt, Oldtown; .Amos Roberts, jr., 
(Jcorge A. Smith, Charles P. Toward, Asa .Spooner, OtWniel P. Parcher, 
William Douglas, William H. Hursey, Jefferson Gray,'Joliu S. Haines, 
De.xter; Simon .Annis, jr., Henry H. Kneel.and, David Emerson, Gus- 
tavus C. Spearing, William E. Blackwell, William H. Leathers, Mark 
F. Miller, Hermon; William Haskell, Hudson; James W. Batchelder, 
Moses Clark, Thomas Clark, Postal M. Black, Henry J. Foster, Fran- 
cis Given, Robert Given, jr., Lewis B. Morrill, Henry Nason, Henry 
Nason, jr., Joseph H. Weymouth, Stephen F. Wheeler, James P. 
Copeland, Corinna; .Asa W. Pitman, Josiah C. Smart, George C. Getch- 
ell, Joseph E. McGrath, Roscoe J. Dolliflf, Levant; Elijah Lane, 
Fred W. Badershall, Edwin A. Chapin, Samuel B. Baker, Everett S. 
Baker, Edward Baker, Augustus Clement, Amos H. King, Isaac F. 
Spaulding, Philander Kent, Thomas W. Robinson, Leander F. Smith, 
Hiram N. Smith, Joseph A. Smith, Orrington; Lewis Lacer, James R. 
Hall, William Barnes, Enfield; Charles A. Cole, Dennett A. Folsoni, 
Frederick Gibbons, Alvin Thurston, John Williams, Newport; George 
H. Fisher, Prentiss; Samuel Patterson, Alton; George F. Doan, Daniel 
Murray, Sylvanus L. Moore, George H. Wallace, Hampden; Charles 
W, Olmstead, Oroiio; George W. Smith, .Andrew J. Smith, Glenburn. 



FOURTH MOUNTED IIATTERY. 

Organized December 2 1, 1861. Fought "mit Sigel," 
and with Generals Banks, Pope, Milroy and others, and 
was mustered out at Augusta, June 17, 1865. 

I'KlV.ATES. . 

lulimmd .A. Whipi^le, Levant; Ed\\ard Friend, Edward R. Gustin, 
Robert M. tiustin, Etna; John Winchester, Comma. 

FIFTH MOUNlEll H.\riKRY. 

Organized at Augusta December 4, 1861. Served 
with the .^rniy of the Potomac in some of its most not- 
able actions; lost 4 guns at the battle of Manassas. 
Mustered out July 6, 1865. 

I'KIV.\TE.S. 

James Leavitt, Lincoln; .Austin Marshall, Bangor; Levi Martin 
Oldtown; Frank E. Pearson, Orono; John L. Sa\\)er, Passadunikeag; 
John H. McKeen, Patten. 

THE SIXTH i;.\TrL';KY 

was organized at Augusta, Maine, February 7, 1862, 
and left for Washington March 21st. They served under 
Generals Sigel, Banks, Heintzelman, in Virginia, and 
Generals Williams and Slocum in Maryland. At Cedar 
Mountain, August 9th, its loss was 4 men killed and 9 
wounded. They were in all the fighting on the Rajipa- 
hannock under General Pope, and took proininent part 
at Centerville and Manassas on the 29th and 30th of 
.•\ugust. December 27th one section of the battery 
made a successful defence of Dumfries, Virginia, and, 
supported by infantry repulsed a large force of the 
enemy. They had part in the dreadful engagement at 
Gettysburg, and afterwards were in the retreat from Cul- 
peper on the i6th of September. Previous to April 
22d, more than two-thirds of the men re-enlisted for three 
years. On that date they moved to Stevensburg, Vir- 
ginia, and remained until they moved forward with the 
.Army of the Potomac toward Richmond. .After this 
time we hear of the Sixth Battery M Cold Harbor, 
Petersburg, and several other jilaces, always active and 
giving e.xcellent service. After January i, 1865, we hear 
little concerning this battery, save the fact that it was 
mustered out and discharged June 17, 1865, at Augusta, 
Maine. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

First Lieutenant Edward Wiggin, jr., Bangor. 
Second Lieutenant Edward Wiggin, jr., Bangor. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Sergeant Joseph W. Burke, Lee. 
Sergeant Edward Wiggin, jr., Bangor. 
Corporal Ira Lamb, Carroll. 
Corporal -A. Johnson, De.Nter. 
Corporal Wilson W. Sawtelle, Dexter. 
Corporal Hiram H. Carr, Carroll. 
Musician Roscoe G. Winslow, Dexter. 
.\rlificer William H. Freeborn. Dexter. 

PRIVATES. 

Simon ,A. .Alibott, Hautville A. Johnson, .Albert S. Lander, William 
R. B.aynum, Delbert N. Sawtelle, Daniel Dollof, jr., Samuel Merrill, 
George H. Toward, Dexter; Michael I'reeman, Oldtown; Wales W. 
Witham, Bangor; William E. Smith, Andrew H. Porter, Horace .S. 
Gove, Lincoln; Joseph D. Hinkley, David E. Spencer, .Argyle; Cliarles 
R. Brown, Orestes H. Lane, Carroll; Alphonso P. Crowell, Corinna; 
William S. Clarke, Hermon; Alonzo Babcock, Reuel CofTrens, Chester; 
Edward E. Brown, Brewer. 



i6o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



THE SEVENTH BATTERY 

was organized December ,30, 1863, at Augvista, Maine, 
where it remained encamped until the morning of Feb- 
ruary I, 1864. On the 25th of April it joined the Ninth 
Army Corps, and on the 9th and 12th of May was en- 
gaged with the enemy at the Ny River, losing three men 
severely wounded. On the 2d and 3d of June the bat- 
tery took part in the action at Cold Harbor, and then 
proceeded to Petersburg, where it assisted in driving the 
enemy across the Norfolk railroad on the iSth. On the 
23d the battery was placed in jrosition near the Taylor 
House, immediately in front of, and seven hundred yards 
from the jioint where the mine was sprung July 30th, on 
which day it kept a brisk fire on the enemy's batteries in 
its front. On the 4th of August the battery was relieved 
from a position held forty-seven consecutive days, and 
was stationed at Fort Rice, where on the 19th it was ex- 
posed to a severe fire from the enemy's batteries. On the 
4th of October they assisted in repelling the enemy's at- 
tack on that position. The istof April, 1865, they took 
part in the general assault of the enemy's lines, resulting 
in the cajiture of Petersburg. On the 3d the battery 
followed the retreating rebels and arrived at Farmville on 
the loth. While there, the surrender of Lee's army oc- 
curred. On the 23d of May the battery participated in 
the grand review of the army, and on the 5th of June 
left for Maine, arriving on the 8th at Augusta, where the 
battery was mustered out of the United Slates service by 
Captain C. Macmichael, Nintli United States Infantry, 
on the 2ist, and the men paid and finally discharged on 
the following day. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Second Lieutenant Daniel Staples, Oldtown. 

NON-COMMISSIONEU OFFICER. 

Sergeant Altjert Towie, Kendiiskeag. 

I'KIV.\TES. 

Cliarles O. Randall, Bangor; .\lonzo B. Merrill. Joseph King, Hol- 
den; Daniel F. Oakes. Finson R. McKecn, Kddinglon; Levi K. Towle, 
jr., Kenduskeag; Emery C. Dunn, Di.xmont; George H. Fariar, 
James H. Fall, Frank Lancaster, Daniel H. Lovejoy, Otdlown. 

ENLISTMENTS IN THE FIRST (GENERAL HANCOCK's) 

ARMY CORPS. 

Frederick R. P.uck, Rodney C. Stetson, Edward Bradfield, Simeon 
E. Facey. Charles W. Merrill, Bangor; StiUman H. Lothrop, Bradley: 
Willard H. Burton, George W. Calif, Eddingion; Samuel H. Win- 
chester, Holden; John W. Torsey, Milford; Henry H. Scribner, .Ar- 
gyle; John H. Sargent, Springfield; James H. Roundy, Carinel; 
Matthew 1'. House, George W. House, Lee; Edwin I-"rederick. Edward 
Frederick, George Cook, Charles W. Doble, Oldtown; George S. 
Daniels, Newport; Elbridge D, Doble, Etna. 

ENLISTMENTS IN OTHER COMMANDS. 

iMtoii. — James Means, Twenty-first Massachusetts. 

Bangor. — Nahum H. Corson, Twenty-fifth Missouri; Patrick Carnes, 
Patrick Early, John Kelly, Dennis O'Leary, John McCue, Harrison 
Wescott, Corcoran's Brigade; Charles M. Duren, Twenty-fourth Mas- 
sachusetts; Edmund Duren, Thirteenth Massachusetts. 

Brewer. — Wesley J. Bissell, Fortieth Massachusetts. 

Burlington. — Henry A. Libby, Fourteenth New York. 

Carmel. — Isaac A. D. Blake, Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania; John M. 
Day, jr., Forty-seventh Massachusetts; Francis J. Hutchings, same; 
Samuel W. Hutchings, Thirty-fifth Massachusetts. 

Corinna. — Charles H. Bassett, Sixth Massachusetts; Joseph C. Bas- 
sett. Second Massachusetts; George S. Hussey, Eleventh Mass.achusetts. 
Frederick E. -Sprague, Twenty-sixth Massachusetts; William C. Elder, 
Massachusetts; Isa.ic Lii)bey, Twelfth Wisconsin; .\ljijah Mason, One 



Hundred and Fifty-fourth New York; Timothy K. Richer, Forty-sixth 
Illinois. 

Dexter. — Howard M. Copeland, Fourteenth lUinos; Elijah Curtis, 
James S. Curtis, jr.. Ninety-ninth New York; Walter Bennett, Thir- 
teenth Massachusetts; Amos R. Storer, Newman W. Storer, First Mas- 
sachusetts cavalry. 

Dixmont. — Martin Emery, Alonzo A, Nye, Massachusetts regiments. 

Etna. — George B. Bartom, Nineteenth Massachusetts; Ellis A. Friend, 
Tenth Massachusetts; Osroe .Stevens, .\very Sylvester, Reuben Sylves- 
ter, Thompson H. Withee, Massachusetts regiments. 

Exeter. — Charles Berry, Charles Berry, jr.. Fourteenth Massachusetts; 
Garscelle and George P. Leighton, Massachusetts regiinents; William 
B. Coan, Forty-eighth New York. 

Gal land. — .Alexander McCoombs, New York regiment. 

Greenbush. — Reuben Emerson, Illinois regiment; George A. and Wil- 
liam Mannering, California regiment. 

Hampden. — A. J. Pickard, Rhode Island cavalry; A. G. Rice, 
United States engineers; Charles Deane, Fourteenth New York; Wil- 
liam H. Osborne, Corcoran's Brigade. 

Hermon. — George W. Moore, Seventh Illinois; Edward L. Tracy, 
Eighteenth Massachusetts. 

Lagrange. — George Clark, Massachusetts regiment. 

Levant. — Hiram F. Smiley, Sixth Massachusetts. 

Newburg. — Benjamin F. Bussey, and John D. and Isaac Holmes^ 
Forty-fifth Massachusetts; Adolphus J. Chapman, Second Iowa. 

Newport. — Hollis Gamey, Massachusetts regiment; Joseph Wilson, 
Washington (District of Columbia) regiment. 

Oldtown. — CJeorge Burnham, New York cavalry; Charles Smith, 
Massachusetts regiment; Henry Harrington, Pennsylvania regiment. 

Orono. — Charles Hussey, Aldam.an Mann, .Sixteenth Massachusetts. 

Orrington. — William H. Hunton, Elton W. Ware, Connecticut 
regiment. 

Plymouth. — Thomas V. Eaton, Indiana regiment; Joshua D. Loud, 
Minnesota regiment; Nathan Loud, Massachusetts regiment. 

IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 

Alton. — Henry Babb. 

Bangor. — Darius Shaw, John E. Reynold, .Addison W. Crowell, 
Richard Lander, Edward Ajspleton. Thomas Kelley, Henry B. May- 
ville, William H. Mills, jr., Lewis Sawyer, Charles Webb, Car- 
lisle, Lewis F. Hoyt, Elijah L. Green, George Moulton, Elsbury May, 
Henry Osborn, James S. O'Conner, William Rowley, William Rand, 
James .Smith, Edward Short, James .Sullivan, John H. Tuttle, Lewis 
Trepania, Amaziah Trueworihy, George Windover, George Webb, 
Elijah Winslow, Joseph Winslow, Marshall A. Andrews, Stephen H. 
.Andrews, George V. Baxter, William Carroll, Edward Cunningham, 
James Clark, James Crawford, Daniel S. Collins, Jonathan U. Drew, 
Allen P. Davis, Andrew Davis, Frederick Frazier, Isaac Fairbrother, 
Lorenzo Fields, Daniel Gillison, Michael Gallagher, William L. Gr.ay, 
Frederick Gage, P.enjamin Holmes, Frank Howard, Sylvanus Ham- 
mond, Milfortl Hersam, George Jones, Joseph Knight, Charles Keeni;, 
John Lassard, Peter Monson, George F. Marshall. 

Bradford. — Mark .A. Roberts, Mclvin Wade. 

Brewer. — Peter Tobie. 

Carmel. — Alfred Getchell, Levi Jackson, James Newcomb. 

Corinna. — .Samuel Gould, jr. 

Corinth.— Wilson Mitchell. 

Dexter. — Isaac G. White. 

Eddington. — .Alvin N. Parsons. 

Edinburg. — William H. 'Phomas. 

Hampden. — James McElroy, Everett Avery, Joseph Antonio, -Albert 
Mayo, Samuel R. Spencer, Frank Smith, Albert Taylor. 

Hermon. — ^John B. Bickford, Charles H. Pickard. 

Holden.— David W. Blake, Philip Phillips. 

Hudson. — George Cunningham, George H. Flagg, Richard V. 
Flagg, Cyrus M.Johnson. 

Lee. — John J. Moody. 

Levant. — Andrew J. Pomeroy. 

Newport. — .Albert N. Burrell, Charles Carr. 

Oldtown. — Benjamin Grover, John J. Williams, William Graham, 
Henry Hinkley, George P. Lancaster, .Ambrose Lawrence. 

Orrington. — Howard O. Powers, George N. .Smith. 

Passadumkeag.^ohn McCauslin. 

Plymouth. — Granville Loud. 

Prentiss.— Walter T. Ellis. 

Stetson. — David Dresser. 

Springfield. — Gilman B. Bnlion. 

Veazie. — Robert F. Campbell, George C. Prouty, Josejih Miller. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



i6i 



UNITED STATES NAVY. 

Alton. — Charles Crawford, William Curtis, Boardiiian Means, Mer- 
rill Means, Brainard Walton, Joseph Whitcomb. 

Ringor. — Schardt Bagger, .Solomon G. Emerson, Solomon G. Emery, 
John M'. Fuller, John Lee, Charles H. l.itllefield, William Mann, 
Thomas Murphy, Richard Power, Joseph E. Reading, Franl< Saunders, 
ICben Stevens, Joseph Stevens, William L. Smith, James H. Tracy, 
Norman Tibbitts, Abram Vanderpool, Xicola Wisson, I.ourin Clark, 
Francis A. Cobb, Edward K. Flowers, Patrick Golden, .Mfred Ken- 
drick. C. A. Kirkpatrick, Charles H. Littlefield. M.arlin McKusic, Willis 
G. Perry, Charles B. Pierce, Charles E. Taylor, Howard M. Briggs, 
Frank Carron, John Carron, Joseph Carron. John Fuller, Robinson 
Titcomb, George H. Benson, George A. Bright, William Harris, John 
W. Jacjues, Michael B. Clancey, George Currier. John Uonohoe, Ale.x- 
ander M. Fountain, James Groman. Daniel R. Hamilton, John Holmes, 
John Hellier, Charles H. Jackson, John G. Liljestram, Henry Luise, 
William T. Montgomery, Charles Nelson, Daniel II. Patten, jr., 
riiom.rs Rice, John Snow, Charles Wilson. 

Bradford.— John Clark, Peter Mc.^rey. 

Bradley. — James Gordon. James Sanborn, Hiram Spencer, Elisha 
.Sanborn, William Tarrio, Solomon Tarrio, William Willett, jr. 

Brewer.— James F. Cashing, William S. Goodwin, Ephraim Langill, 
Levi Lashus, ICzekiel C. Swctt, Samuel W. Davis, John S. Deering, 
Daniel Frost, Charles M. Goodwin, .Anthony F. Lovette, George F. 
.Merrill, Cabin W. Mitchell, Hower H. Pomroy, James L. Pomroy, 
William Sargent. 

Carmel. — Charles C. .Anderson, Moses C. Thompson, William H. 
Thompson, .Amasa .S. Garland. Timothy Harrington. Michael Herbert, 
tennis E. Murphy, Eben H. Stover, William H. Thompson. 

Charleston. — John Thomas, Manuel A. De Barron, Patrick Durace, 
Henry Franc, Thomas Joyce, Albert King, Thomas Sniiih, Joseph 
Williams. 

Clifton. — Andrew Holm, Henry .Smith. 

Corinth. — Walter Hawes, .Alphonso Ober. John \\'. Swett, Charles .A. 
Robinson, John M. Brown, John Cane, .Albert Ide. John I^wis. 

De.xter. — .Aug\ist Brown, William Mitchell, Daniel Raymond, Wil- 
liam Taylor. 

Dixmont.— John H. Butman, Randolph Cook, Oliver W. Kimball, 
Otis Farnham. 

Eddington.— John W. B. .Austin. .Amos L. Coleson. 

Exeter. — Chandler Eastman, George L. Buswell, Robert Armstrong. 
John Bowman, Fred Dagen, Frederick Miller, Louis Olson, Thomas 
Wilson. 

Garland.— ICben HoyI, John .A. Davis, Frank Drew, Charles A. Dol- 
liver. John Driscoll. 

Glenburn.— Frank B. Cort. John M. Onail. 

Hampden. — Joseph Mayo, Robert Carle, Horace Crockett, Nathan- 
iel T. Hamlin, Samuel Holbrook, Newell Murch, Willis Pierce, 
Thomas Rice, William Rodgers, Henry Woodard, Avery Gross, John 
Humphrey, .Sylvanus Humphrey, John Jackson, Levi W. Knowles, 
Edward H. Lander, Francis Loring, William D. F. Nye, Charles Nor- 
wood, Hiram B. Orff, Dudley G. Porter, David K. Rice, Thomas Ryan, 
Charles E. Swett, Daniel Sullivan, Alonzo Temple, .Samuel W. Tem- 
ple, Alonzo Taylor, Augustus C. Wing, Charles B. Walker, John 
Whaylin, Arthur B. Arey, David W. Arey, John W. Babcock, Lowell 
W. Brown, Abner L. Crosby, George W. t_hapman, Norman A. Dil- 
lingham, Henry Deane, Joseph G. Easton. Frank Fornay. 

Hermon. — Clifford Oden, Joshua D. Warren. 

Holden. — John M. Hart, .Alexander W. Rowell, Hiram M. Wiswell, 
Orlando Moore, John Rowell. 

Hudson. — George Cunningham, George H. Flagg. Richard V. Flagg, 
Cyrus M. Johnson, T. H. Benton Briggs, John Porter. 

Kenduskeag. — Orrin Bridges, Pecallies M. Clark, Albert Towle. 

l^evanl.— George A. Hutchins, Peter Lawson, Albert H. Waugh. 

Lincoln. — Reuben Dolley. 

Lowell. — Nathaniel J. Lord. 

Medway.—John Prince. 

Newburg.- Jedediah Green, John F. Brittain, Enoch L. Bartlett, 
Edward -A. F.irnham, George L. Goodrich, Moses Parsons, Nathan E. 
Trask. 

Newport. — Davis Lawrence, Reuben D. Ward. 

Oldtown, — John H. Hunt, William H. Manchester, Frederick .A. 
Posvers. Alexander M. Hunt, Orlando .Moore, -Alvin J. Minot. 

Orono. — Enos B. Peaslee. 

Orrington. — Josiah D. G. Hinds, William B. Liscomb, Joseph S. 
Robinson, George Rogers, James H. Rogers. Henry Severance, Kbe- 
nezer C. Wheelden, J. W. Chapiii, Daniel Chapin, Christopher 



Holmes, Edwin Lovell, Joseph B. Ryder, Celestine St. Petes, John 
Wilson, .Arthur W. Wentworth. 

Plymouth. — Thaxter Hopkins, Thomas Cole, James Slatery. 

Prentiss. — .Aaron Dennis. 

Springfield. — .Aaron Dennis. 

Stetson. — Charles Parker. 

X'eazie. — Wallis E. Davis, Edward K. Valentine. 

Winn. — David B. Cressey. 

I'RIV.VTE BENEFACTIONS. 

The final tabic, also from the Adjulant-Cenerars Re- 
jjorts, sets forth the jjrivate contributions of money, hos- 
jiital stores, and other articles for the army and navy, 
during the war of 1861-65. Many towns failed to keej; 
such records, and others neglected to send in their re- 
urns; so that this is considered but an ajjjiro.ximate cal- 
culation: 



Towns. 



Bangor 

Bradford . . . , 

Bradley 

Brewer. . . . 

Carmel 

Charleston.. . 

Corinna 

Corinth 

Dexter 

Eddington.. . 

Exeter 

Garland 

Hampden. . . 

Hermon 

Holden 

Kenduskeag. 

Levant 

Newburg. . . 

Newport 

Oldtown 

Orono 

Orrington . . . 
Plymouth . . . , 
Springfield.. . 
Veazie 



.- o 

65 



115000$! 
100 
200 
2000 
100 
200 

300 

200 

300 

200 
200 
200 
2000 
400 

250 
250 

100 
300 
400 
400 

300 

400 
200 

500 

200 



2000 
200 

50 

1000 

150 
150 

100 

800 
400 

75 
800 

50 
600 
200 
300 

150 
150 
250 
300 

350 
200 
300 
300 
100 
200 



2 E 



JIOOOO 

100 

75 
100 

75 
100 

■5° 
too 
200 

5° 
200 

75 
400 

50 
75 
75 
100 
100 
300 
250 
300 
200 

TOO 

200 
15°' 



K2 
2^ 



o ° 



.8000 
ISO 
100 

150 
200 

175 
200 

150 
100 

150 
100 
100 
325 
75 
50 
100 

175 
175 
IW 
200 
200 

300 
150 
150 

200 



3 

«2 






$10000 
400 

450 
200 
100 
200 
300 
200 
4C0 
300 
100 

250 
400 
500 
200 
400 
100 
200 
300 
400 

15° 
200 
100 
500 
375 



3J 

- o 



5 a 



$5000 
100 

75 
100 

75 
150 

175 
500 
600 
100 
300 
300 
200 
150 
75 
100 
200 

150 
400 
300 
300 
300 

150 
100 

■5° 



o 



$60000 
1050 

950 
3550 

700 

975 
1225 

'950 
2000 

875 
1700 

975 
3925 
1375 

9.50 
1075 

825 

H75 
'750 
1900 
14.S0 
1700 
1000 
>5So 
1275 



THE LOCAL MILITIA. 

Mr. E. F. Duren hands us the following note: 

The usual military organizations have been maintained. Thev have 
been called into active service, chiefly in 1814, in repelling the British 
forces that came up the Penobscot River ; in 1839, during the excite- 
ment attending the question of the Northeast boundary of the State, 
which was peaceably settled by a treaty between Great Britain and the 
United States, ratified by the Senate, August 20, 1842 ; and again dur- 
ing the late civil war (1861-65). In this last campaign, the .Second 
Maine Regiment, six companies of the Si.xth Mame, and the entire 
Eighteenth regiment, afterwards the First Heavy .Artillery, were com- 
posed chiefly of residents of this county. Monuments in memory of 
the patriot soldiers deceased, are erected in the cemeteries at Bangor, 
Brewer, Hampden, Dexter, Newport and other places. The Jameson 
Guards, of Bangor, were organized in .April, 1870. The Crosby Guards 
of Hampden; the Hersey Guards, of Oldtown; and the Colmrn Cadets, 
at the Agricultural College, Orono; are now the principal uniformed 
voluntary organizations. 

The following notices are given to several of the Pe- 
nobscot comj3anies in one of the recent rejsorts of the 
Adjutant General of the State: 

(j Company. Jameson Guards, Bangor. — Tlie armory of tliis com- 
pany was not in the perfect condition I had reason to expect from tie 
good record the company has attained, and from the appearance at my 
former inspection. The arms and efjuipmcnts, however, were in good 
condition, and gave evidence of proper care. Much credit is due the 
efficient clerk of the comp.inv for the neat appe irance of the books and 



HISTORY OK PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



162 



records of the company, which were properly kept and complete. This 
company is out of deljt, but is without any funds in the treasury. 

I Company, Crosby Guards, Hampden. — This company has a nice 
armory, and ^ilienr^angenients made for the protection of the company 
property, tlf,e care tat^en of the same and the interest manifested by tlie 
officers and men, reflect credit upon the company. Company bool<s 
and records are complete and properly kept. The company has no 
fund on hand, but is out of debt. 

K Company, Hersey Light Infantry, Oldtown. — The armory of this 
company is nicely arranged, and everything in connection with the 
company arms and equipments was in good condition. The company 
books were not fully completed. The company is out of debt, but 
without any company fund. 



ST.-^TISTIC.XL — BOUNTIES. 

By the 2d of February, 1864, the bounties in the vari- 
ous towns of Penobscot county aggregated $359,087.50. 
Bangor led the list, of course, with $69,380; Whitney 
Ridge is the smallest rc|.iorted, with $200. The heaviest 
bounties were paid afterwards, the whole in the county 
by the close of the war amounting to the splendid total 
of $889,108.48 — and doubtless more, since 19 of the 
plantations and unincorporated townships are not re- 
ported. The following table exhibits in detail the boun- 
ties paid by each town, with their several classes: 



Towns, etc. 


n 



— » 

CO 

ON 

• 


To three years" men 
of 1862. 


To nine months' men 
of 1862. 


0^ 
0^ 

H' 
3 

n 
a 



CO 


To volunteers of 1864, 
1865. 


3H 

D 

p 


To substitutes that en- 
tered service. 


8? 

i| 

r* a, 

S 3 

• rt 

3 


SO 

3 

B-'l 


3 


Losses on account of 
bounties paid volun- 
teers who weie cred- 
ited to other towns. 


.Amounts contributed 
towards bounties to 
soldiers. 


Total. ■ 


Alton . 




$ 250 00 
200 00 


$ 

420 00 


$1400 00 

II45 00 


$ 600 00 
5025 00 


$3000 00 
e.xpen 


$ 

sesog 36 


^400 00 
900 00 


$ 500 00 


$ 

235 00 


$ 

1770 00 


$ 8150 00 

10204 36 

178500 00 

13335 00 
24005 00 

35287 CO 

6719 00 
16095 00 

3535 52 
13350 00 

loco 00 

2214 84 
37185 30 

28599 00 
40238 00 
17570 00 
13255 00 

600 00 

3647 00 

7050 00 

52605 00 

18020 00 

17493 15 

8350 00 
6005 00 

55972 00 
13995 00 

IOI37 12 






Bangor 








935 00 
473 00 
3190 00 
180 00 
715 00 


700 00 

230 00 

3100 00 

405 00 


4600 00 
200 00 

8875 00 

200 00 

4175 00 

1600 00 
5000 00 
1000 00 
1650 00 
7600 00 
5000 00 
10200 00 
4940 00 
3680 00 


noo 00 
4150 00 
8100 00 
2500 00 
5200 00 


6000 00 
850 00 

6400 00 
200 00 

3000 00 










*'6oo 00 
538 1 00 


Bradley . . 




1 1 550 00 
4700 00 
2200 00 
2100 00 


600 00 
900 00 

300 00 


571 00 
22 00 
232 50 
500 00 
185 52 




Brewer . . 




Burhngton 






607 00 


Carmel 




Carroll 






1450 00 


Charleston 




1650 00 


2100 00 


4600 00 






Chester 
















Clifton 




300 00 

927 30 

2100 00 

1335 00 

1900 00 

900 00 


200 00 
2210 00 
2300 00 
3500 00 

400 00 
rooo 00 














64 84 
950 00 


Corinna 




15678 00 
650 00 

16650 00 
8930 00 
3325 00 
600 00 
1800 00 
2900 00 
2800 00 

10125 00 
1000 00 

19122 00 
7650 00 
1325 00 


3600 00 

1500 00 

3118 00 

700 00 

250 00 


2000 00 

14849 00 

5200 00 

700 00 

2600 00 


3900 00 
2200 00 


220 00 


100 00 


Corinth 




Dexter 




235 00 






Dixmont 




Eddingion 




1500 00 








Edinburg 










Enfield 




150 00 
900 00 
1060 00 
795 00 
525 00 


800 00 

2300 00 

iQoo 00 

40 00 


1200 00 
2000 00 
7445 00 
3400 00 
2675 00 
1600 00 
200 00 
20000 00 
4000 00 
2100 00 


300 oc 

250 00 

4000 00 

200 00 

4500 00 

3100 00 

4848 00 

750 00 

145 oc 

3000 oc 


600 00 

150 00 

31000 00 

1600 00 

7650 00 

2150 00 


50 00 


47 00 




450 00 


Etna 




Exeter 




4000 00 




2000 00 


Garland 




Glenburn 




600 00 
1500 00 


liB 15 


225 00 


160 00 


Greenbush 




Greenfield 






400 00 
5200 00 

700 00 
1900 00 


557 00 






Hampden 




3500 00 
1500 00 
890 00 


9750 00 


300 00 




2650 00 


Hermon , . 








Holder 








X22 12 




800 00 


Howland 








Hudson 




600 00 
900 00 

52s 00 


1414 00 
270 00 
150 00 


400 00 
2280 00 
1800 00 
2650 00 
4000 00 
4400 00 


1350 00 
5200 00 


3500 oc 
3600 oc 
3800 oc 


2550 00 
1200 00 










8464 00 
9600 00 


Kenduskeag 










1 150 00 
325 00 


Lagrange 










Let. . . 












2650 00 

9I9I 00 

13930 00 


Levant 




1400 00 


900 00 


2625 00 
2400 00 












266 00 


Lincoln. 




6300 oc 


200 00 




430 00 


200 00 


Lowell. . . . 








Mattawamkeag 




122 40 


271 00 


1000 00 

400 00 

1200 00 


350 00 
365 00 


400 oc 
2400 oc 


1000 00 




132 09 






2875 49 


Maxfield 








Milford. 




600 00 


500 00 


5400 00 










10465 00 


Mount Chase 












Newburg.. 




1400 00 
1500 00 
4100 00 
2000 00 
2145 00 
200 00 
198 00 
1000 00 


200 00 

2400 00 

300 00 

483 00 

3500 00 

360 00 

1375 00 

500 00 

So 00 

700 00 

160 00 


6170 00 
7200 00 
7650 00 
8600 00 
5175 00 
323 30 
925 00 
4500 00 
1225 00 
2050 00 
1 1 50 00 
2950 00 


14537 00 
14780 00 
12825 00 


200 oc 
200 oc 


200 00 
500 00 

lOOOO 00 








3500 00 


22707 00 
27107 80 

35534 80 

1 1083 00 

27438 00 

4122 80 


Newport . . . 




100 00 


427 80 
659 80 




Oldtown 








Orono . . 








Orrington 


4000 00 


6214 00 
2549 .SO 

4250 00 
300 00 

4640 00 
900 00 


1300 oc 

225 oc 

6600 oc 

500 oc 

3500 oc 
4200 00 


5000 00 
300 00 


600 00 


1 04 00 
1 00 00 






Passadumkeag. 






Patten 








Plymouth 








300 oc 
500 OC 
640 3c 






21025 °o 
3125 oo 

9972 30 

7150 00 

15239 00 


Prentiss. 






245 00 
10 00 


100 oc 

2077 0^ 

500 oc 

4489 00 


Springfield 






475 00 

400 00 

2380 00 




Stetson 






Veazie . . , 




to6o 00 
















Total 
























$880108 48 



*Reiinbursed by State. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



163 



AID TO SOLDIERS FAMILIES. 

The table below shows the amounts of aid granted from the public funds to the families of soldiers and sailors 
each year of the war, and the sums total: 



Towns. 



Alton 

Argyle 

Bangor ,. . . 

liradford 

Bradley 

Brewer 

Burlington 

Carmel 

Carroll 

Charleston 

Chester 

Clifton 

Corinna 

Corinth 

Dexter 

Dixmont 

Eddington 

Enfield 

Etna 

Exeter 

Gnrland 

Glenbum 

Greenbush 

Greenfield 

Hampden 

Hermon 

H olden 

Howland 

Hudson 

Kenduskeag. . . . 

I^grange 

I^e 

Levant 

Lincoln 

Lowell 

Mattawamkeag.. 

Maxfield 

Milford 

New burg 

Newport 

Oldtown 

Orono 

Orrington 

Fassadumkeag. . 

Patten 

Plymouth 

Prentiss. 

Springfield. 

Stetson 

Veazie 

Winn 

Drew pi 

Medway pi 

Pattagumpus pi. 

Webster pi 

Woodville pi 

No. 4. Range i. 
Mt. Chase pi.. . . 



1862. 



9 

5 

315 

23 

8 

45 
3 

5 



r-H 



32 

13 

911 

70 

25 

162 

II 



Amount 

allowed. 



^ Si 



10 


24 


IS 


54 


35 


108 


19 


S" 


4 


14 


8 


23 


4 


II 


5 


'3 


18 


53 


2 


5 


9 


30 


6 


29 


24 


71 


14 


41 


4 


14 



23 
64 

18 

36 

52 

66 

52 

9 

8 

24 
56 
28 
218 
114 
17 
10 

4 
26 

14 
35 
l8 

41 



30 



$ 459 43 
32 II 

14214 75 

594 67 

206 52 

2299 18 

97 75 
136 08 



1863. 



210 41 
129 18 
215 17 

508 13 
1032 56 

543 32 
131 47 

279 49 
67 57 

150 26 
632 96 

34 28 
292 17 
244 00 
761 
274 72 
103 25 

16 00 
173 55 
432 74 

139 21 

244 57 
286 31 

389 3" 
756 II 

34 06 

36 25 

421 81 

485 09 

268 80 

2824 89 

1300 49 

20s 50 

151 62 
39 23 

202 29 
193 83 
242 99 
295 62 
461 81 
49 'o 



56 70 



6 

431 

58 

14 

64 

6 
27 



o ^ 



Amount 
allowed. 



75 

15 

1252 

102 
45l 

193 
24 
88 

30 
18 

4 

23 

69 

76 

219 

102 

7 

59 

65 

59 

77 

36 

56 

40 

100 

76 

3 



"5 
82 



14 
39 
60 
6 
254 
147 
52 

2t 
27 

59 
24 
70 

33 
56 
17 
13 
34 
14 



33 



1309 10 

293 88 

27088 68 

1674 29 

714 59i 

2587 74 

148 19 

928 49, 

237 40 
197 87 
27s 40 
292 
840 52 
862 39 
2440 62 

1273 55 
126 50 

957 00 

812 04 

964 90 

1070 91 

414 57 

603 45 

779 87 

2075 33 

1214 25 

432 40 



1864. 



1 167 66 

1549 78 
270 32 

727 44 
1254 18 
1692 61 
>533 75 

332 

147 69 

341 16 
1027 19 

519 II 

3830 01 

2651 94 

892 23 

196 90 

258 24 

504 89 

376 03 

844 23 

324 95 

1264 85 

298 64 

52 91 
614 10 

249 55 



538 37 



30 
4 

593 
69 
28 
92 
12 
51 
17 
27 
18 
II 
59 

'37 
64 
45 
19 
33 
32 
54 
44 
27 
20 
17 
63 
53 
10 

7 
34 
31 
24 
43 
SI 
53 
29 
II 
12 
20 
44 
41 
131 
81 

33 
8 
18 
40 
16 
40 
29 

31 
10 

4 
9 
8 



^ c 



34 001 



108 

12 

1619 

179 

76 

216 

46 

121 

54 

74 

52 

34 

137 

118 

148 

113 
40 
89 
86 

104 

93 
68 

75 
35 
166 

140 
22 

17 
82 

95 
53 
118 

134 
163 
76 
31 
24 
58 
99 
81 

225 

229 
78 
26 
57 
92 
43 

116 
67 

176 

43 
10 

30 
34 



Amount 
allowed. 



$ 1632 84 
211 85 

35643 83 

3866 95 

1420 66 

4490 56 

412 63 

3116 96 

1065 24 

1372 21 

967 51 

563 II 

2010 99 

2118 25 

2532 80 

2534 45 
787 86 

1955 18 
1817 45 
2724 61 
1983 22 
1060 84 
1467 98 

463 50 

3280 13 

3T12 28 

359 26 

252 00 

1962 05 

1837 86 

907 59 

. 2233 32 

2650 82 

2922 58 

1292 69 

688 58 

479 19 

945 68 

2136 15 

1463 47 

7105 67 

4896 3' 

1778 61 

391 03 

1359 47 

1435 OS 

9SI 56 

2511 99 

1479 96 

1709 58 

953 60 

175 02 

641 02 

497 61 

no 46 

576 SI 
368 78 
358 18 



1865. 



0.5 

z 



8892792533558 52 1538I4635 $74101 85|24i3 6362'$i29945 54 2254S4i3l$7S292 85 155 37612301 51 7249 19578 $315200 



24 

3 

522 

61 

20 

94 

5 
60 
16 
3 

7 
62 

30 
50 
49 
22 

24 
40 

57 
39 
29 



74 

53 

17 

8 

35 
34 
23 
44 
49 
46 

15 
II 

13 
21 

38 
37 
114 
79 
37 
6 

13 
40 

13 
34 
35 
32 
9 
4 



61 



145 
39 

184 
10 

139 
32 
79 
31 
18 

114 
82 

114 

128 
4 
73 
95 

129 
88 
59 
83 
25 

156 

146 

4 
23 
97 
82 

45 
128 
122 
124 
39 
32 
26 

54 
90 
60 
294 
197 
87 
14 
41 
90 

38 
106 
78 
70 
29 
10 
30 
19 
14 
16 

15 



Amount 
allowed. 



B-6 



$ 60s 
92 

19544 
1786 

549 
2877 

127 
1729 

488 
1180 

342 

218 

1701 

1124 

1372 

1976 

519 

672 

1202 

1782 

1392 

790 

803 

58s 

2209 

2118 

498 

269 

958 

1308 

770 

1901 

1403 

1439 

594 

367 

309 

528 

1406 

984 

3736 

2824 

1408 

128 

534 

1 132 

390 

1238 

1003 

807 

362 

207 

323 
118 
46 
183 
158 
153 



1866. 



44 



15 



o£ 



98 



32 



Amount 
allowed. 



$665 59 

6 25 

2 25 

202 06 



no 99 
62 88 
40 32 



II 57 
27 32 

21 74 



10 82 



9 64 
28 48 
84 04 
95 21 



100 18 

62 36 

2 14 



13 50 
164 09 



117 25 
12 13 

47 



21 60 



46 88 

33 74 
27 00 
80 59 

47 88 



34 S° 
40 00 



46 S3 
24 28 



Total — '62 to 66 incl. 



S_: 



84 
18 

1905 
212 

7 

310 
26 

150 
44 
67 
49 
28 

157 
103 
229 
149 
50 
82 

99 
141 
129 

77 
64 

50 

204 

149 
41 
16 

104 

113 

62 

119 

141 

154 
82 

31 

31 

58 

125 

118 

418 

233 

99 

21 

40 

120 

42 

109 

86 

96 

27 

13 
28 

IS 
2 

32 
II 

IS 



o^ 



276 

48 

5092 

5S8 
186 

787 

91 

382 

125 
178 

147 
88 

349 
343 
589 
404 
102 
244 
258 
311 
319 
182 
244 
129 

507 
418 
109 
42 
278 

350 
151 
369 
398 
478 

249 
92 

74 
175 
316 

235 
998 
698 
242 

71 
129 
267 
119 
337 
202 

343 
100 

36 
94 
67 

14 
III 

39 
38 



Amovmt 
allowed. 



$ 4007 10 

630 73 

97157 22 

7928 50 

2893 83 

12456 86 

785 72 
6022 35 

1853 74 
2790 61 
1795 64 
1215 67 

4795 17 
4034 59 
7378 64 
6338 69 
1565 01 

3864 SI 
3909 26 
5650 92 
5163 94 
2394 91 
3167 II 
2072 69 
8426 28 
6781 89 
1395 51 
537 31 
4274 87 
5292 95 
2087 51 
5223 66 
5606 97 
6491 85 
4176 93 
1422 42 

994 27 

2236 76 

5101 79 

3269 47 

17514 IS 

1 1954 14 

4332 60 

867 59 

2191 65 

3275 14 
191 1 99 
4872 17 

3143 64 
2243 66 
1710 73 

459 83 
1579 10 

866 II 

156 S3 

1354 76 

527 34 

445 29 



164 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



CHAPTER X. 

AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER SOCIETIES. 

History of Agriculturai Organization in Maine — The State Agricul- 
tural Society Formed — The Penobscot County Agricultural Society 

— The Bangor Horticultural Society — Fairs of the County Society 

— The Local Societies : The West Penobscot, The North Penob- 
scot, The Penobscot and Aroostook Union — State Fair .it Bangor — 
The Local Fairs — The Waldo and Penobscot Society — The County 
Society Again — Farmers' Clubs — Fairs during the Last Decade — 
The Penobscot Central Agricultural Society — Benefits of the Local 
Societies — Officers of Agricultural and Other Societies in the County 

— The County Grange — Penobscot Medical Associations — The 
Penobscot Musical Association. 

THE FIRST EFFORTS 

at association for the promotion of agriculture in the 
Pine-tree State were made about 1787, by Benjamin 
Vaughan, LL. D., and his brother Charles, of Hallowell, 
who in that year enlisted a number of other residents on 
the Kennebec in the formation of the " Kennebec Agri- 
cultural Society," for mutual improvement in the knowl- 
edge of agriculture and mutual aid, by the importation of 
trees, seeds, tools, books, etc. The society was incorpor- 
ated by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1807, and eleven 
years afterwards, largely through the exertions of its lead- 
ing members, the Maine Agricultural Society was formed. 
Its first fair, and the first agricultural foir of any kind in 
the State (the Kennebec Society had only held meetings 
for the reading of papers and discussion), was held at 
Hallowell in 1820, and another at the same place the 
next year, when they were discontinued in favor of 
county fairs. 

The Winthrop Agricultural Society was organized in 
18 1 8. In 1832 a law was passed by the Maine Legislature 
offering a subsidy for, or premium upon, the organization 
of agricultural societies; the Kennebec, Cumberland, 
Washington and East Somerset county societies were 
organized the same year, and the old Kennebec associa- 
tion held its first annual show. The Kennebec Farmer 
(soon afterwards changed to the Maine Farmer) was 
started the next year by Dr. E, Holmes, of Winthrop. 

THE COUNTY SOCIETY. 

The next body of the kind to organize was the Penob- 
scot County Society, which was incorporated in 1838. It 
soon began to hold annual cattle-shows and fairs, which 
were maintained at various places about the county for 
many years. 

BANGOR HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

About 1849 the Bangor Horticultural Society was or- 
ganized, and its first annual show was given that year, 
with a fair degree of success for a first effort. At the 
second exhibition, Se]5tember 11, 1850, an address was 
delivered by B. F. Nourst, Esq., of Orrington, in which 
the claim was made that the Penobscot valley was fully 
the rival of the valley of the Hudson, which "hrs been 
termed," he says, '■'■par exaile>ict\ the ' Plum Garden.'" 
At the third annual meeting the address was given by 
William Bartlett, Esq. In 1856 a valuable report on the 
Effects of Underground Draining, as illustrated upon 
the farm of Mr. Nourse, six miles from Bangor, was 
made to the society by Messrs. J. Cloeston, A. Noyes, 



W. Goodale, Oren Favor, and E. P. Baldwin, committee, 
which was published in the next report of the Secretary 
of the State Board of Agriculture. 

Dr. J. C. Weston, Secretary of the society, contributed 
the following sketch of its history and summary of its 
results to the date of writing, to the transactions of the 
State Board of Agriculture at Augusta, January 21, 
1863: 

The Bangor Horticultural Society is the oldest ni the .State. It was 
incorporated in 1849, and has therefore been in existence fourteen 
years. It has conferred a great benefit on all the surrounding country. 
By its exhibitions and awards of premiums it has excited competition 
and stimulated the people to cultivate the very best varieties of pears, 
plums, apples, grapes, etc. It has developed a taste and rivalry in the 
cultivation of ornamental trees and shrubs, and all the products of the 
best-furnished gardens. Under its auspices every desirable new fruit, 
flower, and vegetable of native origin has early been introduced to the 
knowledge of the community. 

It has had meetings for the discussion of such practical subjects as 
manures, draining, grafting, the best varieties of fruits and vegetables 
and the best method of cultivating them. It has also had valuable 
practical lectures. 

A few years ago but one glass structure existed in the city for the 
cultivation of foreign grapes, built by Frederic Hobbs, esq., the first 
President of the society. The beautiful clusters raised by his skillful 
cultivation and management appeared on the tables at our exhibitions 
to feast and delight the eyes of all beholders. The example was 
contagious. What had been done by one, others thought they might 
accomplish, and gradually twenty-seven other graperies sprang into 
existence, yielding thousands of poimds of delicious grapes, and add- 
ing thousands of dollars to the value of real estate. 

By the influence of this society Bangor, like Damascus, has become 
a city of gardens, many of which are laid out in tasteful, picturesque 
forms, and make many a home beautiful and attractive, so that emi- 
gration has no charms for the occupants. They are firmly rooted to 
home soil, and pay cheerfully the taxes to support a government which 
has given for a few year $150 annually to promote horticulture, while 
they have invested thousands for the same purpose. 

The most of our merchants and mechanics, when about to erect 
dwellings, purchase double lots, that each may possess his own garden, 
where he may sit under his own vine and fruit tree, and thus becoming 
interested in the culture of the soil, our men of wealth often enlarge 
the spheres of their operations by purchasing farms in the adjoining 
country, and improving them according to the best system of modern 
husbandry; and some instances niight be mentioned where their farms 
pay a larger dividend than bank stock, or stock in trade, or manufac- 
tures. 

The society has had an annual exhibition every year but one since its 
formation. In 1857, by invitation of the Trustees of the Maine State 
Agricultural Society, it united with that body in its exhibition at Bangor, 
and contributed its full share to make it interesting and attractive. 

At its exhibitions, the best varieties of peaches, pears, plums, grapes, 
flowers, and vegetables have been represented. Our plums, particular- 
ly, have been unsurpassed in color, size and quality. I have attended 
exhibitions in Boston, New York, and Montreal, but have never seen 
elsewhere such a variety of this fruit as in our own city, in years of plenty. 

Last September, in spite of the severity of our winters, the specimens 
of ]jears and American grapes of open culture, exceeded in quantity 
those exhibited on any former occasion, evincing an increased interest 
in the cultivation of those fruits. The Delaware, Hartford Prolific, 
and Rebecca, were nearly ripe on the 17th day of September; but the 
Concord, Diana, and Isabella had not colored, except on girdled 
branches. 

Apples appeared in greater abundance than ever before. Two mem- 
bers each exhibited 90 varieties. Raising so many kinds is not so 
profitable to the orchardist as a select few of the best quality; but we 
have every year offered premiums for the largest and best variety of this 
and other fruits, with a view of ascertaining what kinds are best adapted to 
our climate and soil. The principal producers of fruit were requested to 
furnish the Secretary lists of apples, pears, plums, and grapes which 
each has found by experience to be the very best for general cultivation 
in Bangor and vicinity, taking into consideration hardiness and pro- 
ductiveness of trees and vines and quality of fniits. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



i6. 



FAIRS OF THE COUNTY SOCIETY. 

About 1852 the annual cattle show was fixed to be 1 
held regularly in Bangor, and the fair of that year was 
accordingly held in that city, with only tolerable success, 
on account of the drought, and a cold, dreary rain which 
set in about the time the display was prejiaring. The 
peo])le were addressed on this occasion by the Hon. j 
Hannibal Hamlin, J. S. Sayward, P. B. Mills, and 
loseph Bartlett, of Bangor, and E. F. Crane, of Kendus- 
keag. 

The next year the amount of premiums offered by the 
trustees was $344.85. 

THE LOCAL SOCIETIES. 

No report of transactions or fair was made by the 
Penobscot Society in 1854, and the ne.xt year it seems 
to have split up into several societies, since mention is 
made, in the State Agricultural Report of 1855, of the 
West Penobscot, the North Penobscot, and the Pen- 
obscot and .Aroostook Union Societies, while of the 
older Penobscot County Society it is said: "Show and 
Fair omitted this year," from which it may be inferred 
that the association had just then very little vitality. 
The first of the societies before mentioned, the West Pen- 
obscot, had been incorporated this year; the North Pen- 
obscot in 1852; and the Penobscot and Aroostook Union 
the next year (1853). Little is heard thereafter for a 
time of the old county society. 

In 1856 the West Penobscot .\gricultural Society paid 
out in premiums $120.50 on live stock, $16.40 on fruit, 
$40.20 on crops, and $32.10 on manufactures; total, 
$209.20. 

In the year 1857 the North Penobscot Society added 
1 9 new members, making a total membership of 194. 
The annual exhibition was held at Lincoln village, Octo- 
ber 7 and 8, with much success. The farmers held an 
impromptu debating club on the evening of the 7th, 
which develoi)ed much interest. The West Penobscot 
Society held its show and fair at East Corinth, Septem- 
ber 25. It is mentioned in the next State .Agricultural Re- 
port as "a nourishing society." 

SlAfE FAIR AT I!AN'l_:OR. 

This year the third exhibition of the State Agricultural 
Society, which had re-organized and incorporated in the 
early part of the 1855, and held its first fair of the new 
series the same year in Gardiner, was held in Bangor, in 
September. The weather was favorable during the entire 
week, until the last day, and the display was a decided 
success, in both the quantity and quality of the exhibits 
and the number and interest of the attendance. Of 
horses there were more entered than at the first exhibi- 
tion of the society, though the display of neat stock as 
a whole was not large. 'I'he Eastern part of the State 
was well represented in all departments. The receipts 
amounted to $7,408.10, and the expenses, including 
about $3,800 in gratuities and premiums, to some $600 
more. This deficit, however, was only about one-third 
that of the next fair, held in .\ugusta, and much less 
than at other subsequent exhibitions. 



THE LOCAL FAIRS. 

The annual exhibition of the Penobscot and .Aroos- 
took L'nion Society was help October 14, 1858, at Patten. 
The exhibition of stock was unusually large. Address 
by the Rev. M. R. Keep. 

In 1858 the North Penobscot Society had its exhil)i- 
tion at Lincoln, Octoljer 5 and 6, with a highly cred- 
itable display. The West Penobscot Society held its fair 
at East Corinth, Sejitember 27 and 28. It had now 
207 members — g added the [)revious year. The Secretary 
of the State Board said in his annual report for the year: 
"So far as can be judged from returns made, few, if any, 
of our county societies, are actuated by a more commend- 
able spirit, or better accomplish their mission, than the 
West Penobsot." The Penobscot and Aroostook Union 
had its regular fair at Patten October 13 and 14, with 
address by Alfred Cushman, Esq. It now numbered 80 
members. Mr. Cushman reported to the Secretary of 
the Board of Agriculture: "During the short time our 
society has been in operation, its influence is very mani- 
fest. Improvement in the mode of cultivating Indian 
corn, the selections of seeds, the cultivation of fruits, and 
in neat stock, has been quite extensive." 

In i860 the West Penobscot met for its annual exhibi- 
tion at Exeter, September 25 and 26. .\ great rain 
storm prevented many from attending and exhibiting. 
The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met at Patten, 
October 10 and 11, with a very good exhibit, showing 
"increasing interest in the objects of the society." 

In 1861 the U'est Penobscot had its regular exhibition 
at P-ast Corinth, September 24 and 25. The show 
of animals was particularly fine. The society now num- 
bered 220 members. The North Penobscot met at 
Springfield, October 9 and 10, with unwonted inter- 
est in its display. "There were 125 head of horned cat- 
tle, a large number of horses and colts, and a goodly 
number of sheep and swine, and not an ordinary animal 
among them." The Penobscot and Aroostook Union 
met as usual at Patten, October 16 and 17, but had 
a poor show, on account of the distressing prevalence of 
diphtheria in that region. 

In 1862 the sum of $261 was offered in premiums by 
the North Penobscot — $135 for live stock, $49 for root 
crops, and $77 for all other objects. $113 were actually 
awarded. The State treasury furnished $61, and $67 
were raised by the society. The premium crops were 26 
bushels of wheat to the acre, 49 of barley, and 183 of 
potatoes. The West Penobscot had premium crops of 
82 bushels of corn, 28 of wheat, 64 of barley, 87 of oats, 
and 378 of potatoes, to the acre. It offered $490 in 
premiums— $296 for live stock, $102 for grain and root 
crops, and $92 for all other exhibits— $264 were awarded. 
Received from the State, $150; raised by the society, 
$205. The Penobscot and .Aroostook Union had $42 
from the State, and $37 from its own treasury. It 
awarded $145 of $208 premiimis offered — $113 for live 
stock, $22 for grain and root crops, and $72 for all other 
purposes. The society appears to have become extinct 
soon after, as no more annual fairs are reported by it. 

The cattle show and fair of the North Penobscot Ag- 



i66 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ricultural and Horticultural Society was held at Lincoln 
Centre, October 7 and 8, 1863, with much success the 
first day but a failure the second, from wet weather. 
The West Penobscot Agricultural Society held its annual 
exhibit at Dexter, September 29 and 30, — and "in many 
respects superior to any former exhibit." An address 
was delivered by the President, Mr. Ezekiel F. Crane, 
of Kenduskeag. Forty-one new members joined during 
the fair. 

The same society held its tenth display at East Cor- 
inth, September 27 and 28, 1864. The North Penob- 
scot exhibited at Lee Village, October 12 and 13, with 
only tolerable success. 

In 1865, October 11 and t2, the North Penobscot 
Society had its cattle show and fair at Springfield 
Centre. The exhibit of stock, "in quality and value, 
was fully ecjual, if not superior, to previous shows." The 
success of the second day was much impaired by heavy 
rain. Very little fruit was shown, the apple crop for the 
year being almost a total failure. The West Penobscot 
met at Dexter, September 26 and 27, during favora- 
ble weather, and with a very satisfactory exhibition in 
nearly all de|)artments. Of horses alone thirty-nine en- 
tries were made. The show of neat stock was very 
good, entries of oxen and steers unusually large. Ad- 
dresses were made at the close by the president of the 
society, E. F. Crane, esq.,, by the Hon. John Appleton, 
of Bangor, and Mr. A. M. Robinson, of Dover. Nine- 
teen new members were added during the fair. 

The next year the Penobscot and Aroostook Union 
Agricultural and Horticultural Society resumed opera- 
tions, and had a tolerably successful fair at Patten on the 
nth of October. Address by the Rev. E. Fobes, of 
Patten, after which a farmers dinner, prepared by the 
ladies of the Sidewalk Society, of Patten, was eaten. 
Amount of premiums offered, $150; awarded, $95. 
The West Penobscot had its twelfth annual show at East 
Corinth, September 25th and 26th, with good success, 
notwithstanding rain on both days. $644 were offered 
in premiums, and $261 awarded. New members added, 
17. The North Penobscot now numbered 290. 
Its fifteenth annual fair was held at Lincoln village, Oc- 
tober 3 and 4, with a large attendance and more than 
usual interest. The entries of horses, mares, and colts, 
were 68; of horned cattle, 103. The presentation of 
entire herds of cattle proved a new and interesting fea- 
ture. 

The same society had its next cattle show and fair at 
Lee village, October 9 and 10, 1867. The trotting and 
other racing, upon a half-mile track prepared by the citi- 
zens of Lee at an expense of about $1000, brought to- 
gether a larger attendance than at any previous fair of 
the society; 58 entries of horses and colts were made. 
The neat stock was not numerous, but very good of its 
kind. Premiums offered, $404.35 ; awarded, $223.66. 
Received from the State, $129.52; from other sources, 
$152.79. Number of members, about 300. The so- 
ciety was entirely free from debt. 

The West Penobscot, during this year, purchased a 
tract of eighteen and one-half acres at Exeter, laid out a 



half-mile track thereon, put up a commodious two-story 
building with two large halls, and enclosed the whole 
witli a substantial fence. The thirteenth annual fair 
was held under these improved auspices, September 24, 
25, and 26. 138 horses and colts — 55 of them un- 
der four years old, — also 21 cows, 4 heifers, 15 bulls, 34 
yoke of oxen, and 2 1 of steers, were exhibited, with en- 
tries of manufactured articles numbering 251. Premi- 
ums offered for live stock, $442.75; awarded, $188.00. 
For ])remium crops, $65.80 were awarded; for fruit, 
$27.60; for butter and cheese, $78.00. Total premiums 
offered, $668.35; awarded, $378.65. New members 
added, 249. An address was delivered the third day by 
Samuel Johnson, .'\. M., Secretary of the Trustees of the 
Maine Agricultural College, which was published at 
length in the next report of the Board of Agriculture. 

The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met this year at 
Sherman, for the first time, October 10, with a fair ex- 
hibit and attendance, notwithstanding rain at the open- 
ing. Premiums offered, $132; awarded, $77. 

The Union Society met again at Patten October 14, 
1868. The collection of stock exhibited was not so large 
as in some pjrevious years, but was decidedly superior in 
quality — an improvement credited to the operations of 
the society. Premiums offered, $144 ; awarded, $88. 

The North Penobscot show of this year, held Septem- 
ber 23 and 24 at Lee village, was almost a total failure 
by reason of rainy and cold weather. .Arrangements had 
been made for a full anfl interesting show, but they were 
quite defeated by the adverse effects of the storm-king. 
Premiums advertised, $384; awarded, $175. 

The West Penobscot was highly favored this year in 
point of temperature and other conditions, — the weather 
being fine and cool, and the attendance and interest of 
the people large. Six hundred and eighteen entries were 
made: $723.75 offered in premiums, and $397.25 
awarded — on horses, $60.50; oxen and steers, $42; cows 
and heifers, $45; bulls, $24.50; sheep, $21.25; poultry, 
$2; drawing, $6; butter and cheese, $17.25; fruit, 
$20.85; honey, etc., $6.75; implements, etc., $11.75; 
manufactures, $48.10; crops, $91.30. The first day was 
specially devoted to cattle, sheep and poultry, the second 
day to horses, and the third to the exhibitions of speed 
by trotting horses. For the first time in the history of 
the society, no swine were shown. The fair was held 
September 29 and 30, and October i, upon the grounds 
of the society in Exeter, where all its displays since have 
been made. 

THE W.\LI)0 AND PENOBSCOT. 

In the winter of 186S-69 a new society was formed by 
the fanners of the south part of Penobscot, in conjunction 
with parts of Waldo, and called the Waldo and Penobscot 
Agricultural Society. We have no particulars of its first 
fair. 

THE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY 

appears again in the reports in 1869, when it held its an- 
nual exhibition — called "the second" in the agricultural 
report of the year — at Bangor, September 20-22. A 
large amount, $1,480, was offered in premiums, — of 
which, however, only $686 were awarded. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



,67 



The North Penobscot met at Lincoln October 6 and 
7, with a successful show. Premiums announced, $350 ; 
awarded, .$191. 

Fiv.e hundred and ninety-two entries were made at tlie 
AVest Penobscot fair, held September 28-30. More than 
usual interest and attendance were manifest — "the horse 
deiiartmcnt was never better.'' Address by President 
Crane, who then resigned his ofifice, which he had held 
with much acceptance for ten years. 

The Penobscot and Aroostook Union held its fair at 
Patten, October 14. Some fine stock were shown. 
Amount of premiums offered, $150; awarded, $95. 
farmers' CLuns. 

Five farmers' clubs were fiirmed duriny this year in the 
district covered by the operations of the county society, 
and were reported as "doing a good work." As many 
were organized within the field of the West Penobscot 
Society, four of which were visited and addressed by the 
Hon. Samuel Wasson, of Hancock county. The ne.Nt 
year seven clubs, all "well sustained," were re[iorted by 
the countv society. In 1872 the formation of such guilds 
was stimulated by the order of the State P.oard of .Agri- 
culture that the several agricultural societies in the State 
should be required to expend during that year, for the 
formation and support of the clubs, a sum not less than 
one-fourth the amount the societies received as bounty 
from the State. A similar sum was also to be offered in 
premiums for farm improvements, to be awarded in the 
autumn of 1874. 

THIC LAST DECADE. 

In 1870 the interest in agriculture was reported as 
"much increased in this county during the year past." 
Premiums were offered by the County Society to the 
amount of $1,600, of which $916 were awarded. 

Of the fair of the North I'enobscot Society for this 
year. Secretary Clark says : 

Tlie le.iding features of llie exliibitioii of iliis society for the year 
1870 were tlie unusual degree of interest manifested by the leading 
f.irmers, many coming ten, twenty, and even thirty miles to attend, 
bringing with them produce, stock, etc., and remaining throughout the 
two days of the exhibition, and the excellent character of the produce 
nnd stock exhibited, clearly indicating an effort and determination to 
produce something worthy of exhibition. The trustees, at their annual 
meeting, invited proposals from the various towns for contributions to 
the society, agreeing to have the fair held in that town which would 
give the most. Over $ioo were raised in this way, and paid out in 
premiums. The efforts of the trustees, together with the co-operation 
of the best farmers, made this the most interesting and prtjltlable ex- 
hibition ever held Ijy tlie society. 

The exhibition of the \\'est Penobscot, held Sei)tein- 
ber 27-9, 1870, had 630 entries: "The several depart- 
ments were well represented, some of which excelled any 
former show." The display of fruit was especially beau- 
tiful, "well representing the largest crop for many years." 
The exhibition in the halls was in advance of that of the 
previous year, and received particular commendation. 
Premiums advertised, $775; awarded, $420. As during 
the preceeding three years, the third day was set apart 
for trotting matches, not for premiums offered by the 
society, but for prizes obtained from the gate-money, of 
which the profits ($300 this year) went into the treasury 
of the society. 



The Penobscot and Aroostook Union gave its annual 
exhibition at Patten, October 6. Several farmers' clubs 
had been organized within the bounds of this society. 

The Waldo and Penobscot Society had its second an- 
nual cattle show, exhibition, and lair at Monroe, Septem- 
ber 28-29, ^'I'l ^^as successful in all resjiects. Two hun- 
dred and sixteen entries were made. Premiums offered, 
$419: awarded, $297.75. ""!>' about one half the 
amount was given for trials of speed as at the former 
fair. 

For the year 1872 we have mainly statistics from the 
societies to present. None are reported by the County 
Society, as it had united, — the Bangor Horticultural So- 
ciety also— with the State Fair of the year, held at Ban- 
gor. The entries for this fair were very large and other- 
wise excellent, but the inclement weather somewhat 
interfered with success. 

The West Penobscot received this year $121.62 
from the State, and raised of itself $966. 1 6. It awarded 
$441.05 in premiums, besides $50 on farm improve- 
ments, and expended $5 for the benefit of the farmers' 
clubs. Two himdred and thirty dollars and twenty-five 
cents were given for live stock premiums; $68.10 for 
grain and root crops; $16.40 for other cultivated crops; 
$29.25, fruits and llowers; $3.25, sugar, honey, and 
syrup; $17.25, butter and cheese; $19.25, agricultural 
implements ; $29.05, household manufactures and 
needlework; $8.75, manufacturers of wood, iron and 
leather; and $4.50 for other articles. 

The North Penobscot, held at Lee, October 2 and 3, 
raised $72.22 from its own resources, and awarded 
$125.50 in premiums — $82.25 fo^ 'i^'e stock, and the 
balance to other dejiartments. 

The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met at Patten, 
October 3d. It had $100 from the State, and raised 
$125.50 otherwise. It awarded $86.75 in premiums — 
$25 for farm improvements, $25 in aid of fiirmers' clubs, 
$47-75 for live stock, and $13.50 for grain and root 
crops. 

'I'he Waldo and Penobscot Society received from the 
State $130, and raised the handsome sum of $429.26 
from other sources. Five hundred and fifty-nine dollars 
and twenty-six cents were granted in premiums — $36 for 
farm imjirovements, $33 to farmers' clubs, $r23 for live 
stock, $34 for grain and root crops, and $15.50 for other 
crops. 

In 1873 the Bangor Horticultural Society gave a 
notably fine exhibition of fruits and flowers at the (Jity 
Hall, Sejitember 16-19, in union with the State Pomo- 
logical Society, which had been organized in 1S47, s"*^ 
chartered in 1854 ; had held a very successful exhibition 
at Gardiner the next year, and sometime after ceased to 
exist. In 1873 it was revived and re-incorporated, and 
an arrangement made by its Executive Committee, at 
Bangor, in June, to hold the fall exhibition jointly with 
the local society, with premiums amounting to $598, of 
which $516 were finally awarded. 'I'he display was 
pronounced the best of the kind ever given in the State. 
About 1,500 dishes of fruit were shown, with as many 
bottles of cut flowers and other exhibits. .\ large col- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE:. 



168 



lection of fruit, obtained from the recent American Pom- 
ological Society's fair in Boston, made a most attractive 
feature of the show. Addresses were made by the 
President of the State Society, Mr. Z. A. Gilbert, of 
East Miner, and the Hon. John E. Godfrey, of Bangor, 
with remarks in discussion by several others. Tiie Ban- 
gor Society, iiowever, feeling that they had lost ground 
within the preceding two years, determined thereafter to 
hold their exhibitions independent of any other organi- 
zation. 

The North Penobscot Society had its fair of 1874 at 
Lincoln village, October 8 and 9. It had been voted 
at the last annual meeting to locate the exhibitions at 
this place for the next twenty years, in consideration of 
which the people of the village prepared a trotting park 
for it. The sum of $233.87 was offered in premiums and 
$82.50 awarded. 

The nineteenth annual show of the West Penobscot 
was held September 30th and October i and 2 — 
"very successful in good weather, a good exhibition, and 
good attendance." $800 were offered in premiums; 
$343.05 awarded. $47.50 were given for farm improve- 
ments, and as much for farmers' clubs. The Society 
held $5,000 worth of property, and had $1,857.50 lia- 
bilities. 

The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met as usual at 
Patten, October 8, with unfavorable weather and a light 
attendance. $125 were advertised as premiums; $59.50 
were given. $25 each were granted for farm improve- 
ments and farmers' clubs. 

The Waldo and Penobscot Society had its fifth annual 
show at the Monroe Trotting Park October i and 2, 
with usual success. Horse-trotting remained a promi- 
nent feature of the fair, occupying the second day almost 
exclusively. Time was taken, however, for an address 
by the Rev. S. Wentworth, of Monroe. Premiums of- 
fered, $507.50; awarded, $464. $36 were given for 
farm improvements and $;^^ to farmers' clubs. The So- 
ciety had property valued at $300 and no liabilities re- 
ported. 

THE PENOBSCOT CEN'I'k.M, .\i;KICULTURAL SOCIETY 

appears in the reports for 1875, as having its annual ex- 
hibition, that year at East Corinth September 15 and 16. 
Premiums offered, $453; paid, $268.75. Many members 
of the society are remarked as turning their premiums 
back into the treasury, as was doubtless the case with 
other societies, showing a large discrepancy between pre- 
miums offered and those paid. $22 were given for pre- 
mium orchards. 

The West Penobscot had its fair September 28 and 
29, with cold and disagreeable weather both days, and 
consequently a partial failure of the exhibit. The " agri- 
cultural horse-trot," advertised for the second day, was 
totally ruined by the rain. Premiums offered, $735; 
paid, $300.80; $24 offered tor premium orchards; value 
of property, $5,000; liabilities, $1,500. 

The North Penobscot had $237.25 on its announce- 
ment of premiums for this year. We have no report of 
its fair. 



The Penobscot and Aroostook Union had a two days' 
fair this year at Patten, September 22-23. '^'le stock 
exhibit was larger and better than usual. Premiums of- 
fered and paid, $125 and $88.14, respectively; for or- 
chards, $25 offered. 

The AValdo and Penobscot met at the former Monroe 
Trotting Park, now their fair grounds, October 8 and 
9 — "success was the reward in all their departments." 
A hall had just been built upon the grounds, and in it 
"was the best show ever witnessed at our fairs. 

The display in this interesting department is de- 
cidedly better each year." Premiums offered and 
awarded, $467 and $510 — facts specially notable from the 
superiority of the latter figure. $33 were expended for 
the benefit of the farmers' clubs. Value of the society's 
property, $1,600; liabilities, $300. 

The Penobscot Central Society met in East Corinth 
Sejjtember 23 and 24, 1876, a postponement from two 
earlier days in the week having been compelled by storm. 

"If it ije true," says the official report, "that we have 
at previous shows had as many cattle upon our grounds, 
it is certainly true that never have we had cattle of so 
good ([uality. . . The show of horses excelled all 

previous shows. . . Never before have our tables 
been so bountifully loaded with choice fruit. . 
The address of Rev. Mr. Pitts, of East Corinth, was an 
able and timely production, listened to by a large con- 
course of peo|)le, and duly appreciated." 

The West Penobscot held its twenty-second annual show 
September 26-28. "The attendance was large, and the 
receiiJts very satisfactory. The show in the hall was a fair 
average of former years. . . The show of neat 

stock, horses, sheep, swine, and poultry was hardly up to 
former years, although many fine specimens were on the 
ground, more especially in young stock." Address by 
Mr. George S. Hill, president of the society. 

The North Penobscot met at Lincoln, .September 
28-29, "and was a decided success." The number 
of cattle was not so large as formerly, but was superior 
in quality. The show of fruit and vegetables was never 
surpassed by any former show, and could hardly be ex- 
celled even in older agricultural districts. Address by 
the Hon. A. M. Robinson, of Dover. 

The Penobscot and Aroostook L'nion met for its an- 
nual fair at Patten, September 28 29. The society 
exhibited its own full-blood short-horn bull. Rev. Mr. 
Kinney "delivered an excellent address, which was well 
received. . . On the whole, the fair was a good 
success, productive of kind feeling and social intercourse." 

The Waldo and Penobscot met for its eighth annual 
display upon its grounds at Monroe, October 4 and 
7. The intervening days being stormy, the trials of 
speed, exhibition, matched and other horses, etc., were 
postponed to the last day of the week. "The show was 
attended with good success in each department." The 
number of entries was more than 200. 

For 1877 the Penobscot County Agricultural show 
and lair was held in Orono, Septeinber 18-20, the 
cattle show at tlie Trotting Park, adjoining the State Col- 
lege farm. The old sheds and buildings erected at 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



169 



Bangor, for the State Fair, had been purchased, taken 
down, and re-erected at Orono, where they served as 
good purpose as ever. Rain somewhat dampened the 
prospects the first day, but the show was a fair success. 
"An unusual number of fine horses were entered, and 
on the whole the patrons were well pleased with the ex- 
hibition. . . The exhibition of fruit was a credit to 
the society and exhibitors. The exhibition of corn was 
never before equalled in this vicinity. . . The re- 
ceipts of the three days were as much as, if not mnre 
than could reasonably have been expected." Address 
on "The Margin of Profit," by Professor M. C. Fernald, 
of the State College. 

The Penobscot Central held its eleventh annual exhibi- 
tion at East Corinth, September 12 and 13, with a good 
display. The show of stock and farm products was es- 
pecially large. 

The West Penobscot met September 25-27. Weather 
warm and pleasant, attendance large, and receipts 
very satisfactory. "Show of live stock, full aver- 
age" — "neat stock department was very full" — "sheep, 
swine, and poultry were well represented " — "horse de- 
partment well filled, and made a fine show" — "domestic 
manufactures, fancy articles, needlework, etc., made a 
very fair display" — "display of dairy products was very 
good, and the show of fruit was exceedingly good, con- 
sidering that the crop was almost a total failure" — "the 
specimens of crops were very large and fine." 

The .'\roostook and Penobscot Union had its fair 
September 20-21. "Show of cattle small" — "the 
ladies' fair was very good, reflecting great credit on the 
committee of ladies who had it in charge" — "the second 
day of the fair partook of the nature of a farmers' holi- 
day." Address by the Rev. E. Skinner. 

The Waldo and Penobscot Society made its exhibition 
October 2 and 3. "Entries in the stock department 
large, and of a superior ciuality" — "show of fat cattle 
good" — "in draft oxen there was a larger show than in 
any previous year" — "the horse department was better 
filled than at any of our previous fairs" — "display of 
sheep, swine, and fowls not quite as good as in former 
years, but of superior quality" — "the show in the halls 
was much too large for the building; .- . Many 
more entries made in this department this year than 
ever before." The report further says: "By judicious 
management of their officers all outstanding debts have 
been paid, and there is a fund in the treasury which the 
company intend to expend upon their grounds the coming 
season, erecting buildings, etc., which, when completed, 
will make it one of the very finest show-grounds in this 
part of the State." 

For 1880 we have only financial statistics again from 
the societies. The Central Penobscot had $90 from the 
State, $88.66 from its own treasury; and awarded $194.14 
in premiums and gratuities — $17.30 special premiums 
on wheat and corn, and $9. 25 for the encouragement of 
draining, both under direction of the .State Board of .Ag- 
riculture. The North Penobscot reported only $75 
receipts, raised altogether by itself; and awarded $60 in 
premiums for live stock, $20 for Indian corn, $12.25 '^'•T 



other cultivated crops, $19.15 for fruits and flowers, etc. 
The West Penobscot had the large sum of $234.68 from 
the State, and more than twice as much ($563.44) from 
its own resources. It awarded $274.35 in premiums and 
gratuities, with $21 special for dairy products. The 
value of its property was reported at $3, 000, with $1,200 
liabilities. The Penobscot and Aroostook had $78 and 
$73 respectively from the State and its own funds; gave 
$81.75 in gratuities and premiums, $5 special for wheat 
and corn, $23 special for encouragement of dairying, 
$31.75 for live stock, $15 for fruits and flowers, $17 for 
bread, butter, and cheese, and usual premiums for other 
displays. The Waldo and Penobscot had a good sub- 
dsiy from the State, $130, but reported the surprising 
sum of $1,099.14 as raised by its own exertions, making a 
total receipt for the year of $1,229.14. Of this $585.90 
were expended in premiums and gratuities, $30 in aid of 
county farmers' institutes, $326 for live stock premiums, 
$3.75 for Indian corn, nothing in special premiums, 
under order of the State Board, for wheat and corn, but 
$267 for trials of speed, and $159.50 otherwise for horses. 

THE GOOD DONE. 

Some of the benefits of the local agricultural societies 
and clubs were well presented by Mr. D. M. Dunham, 
of Bangor, in a brief paper read at the semi-annual 
meeting of the State Board of Agriculture, at Presque 
Isle, September 25-26, 1878. It said: 

Twelve years ago, when our Penol)Scot Agricultural Society was 
formed, in tlie twenty-one towns included in the limits, not a single 
half-acre of wheat was sown. The society offered, by the direction of 
this Board, $50 in premiums for wheat-culture, which brought out quite 
a good competition. The reports were 78 bushels upon two acres, 40 
bushels upon i acre, and several others averaging 33 bushels to the 
acre ; and to-day I think I am safe in saying, outside of the city and 
villages, those towns have this year raised their own bread. 

I believe that it is quite a general feeling in this place that corn can- 
not be raised here. We used to think so in Penobscot county, but 
when this Board discussed the corn question at Newport, and our 
county clubs took it up and offered a premium in gold for its culture, 
it was wonderful to see how many planted a piece of corn, and how 
generally successful was the result. I never saw better corn, either on 
the Kennebec or Connecticut rivers, and it was a little curious that at 
the huskings there was no lack of red ears. 

LE.\DIMG .\GRICULTUR.\LISTS. 

The following-named gentlemen at present (1881) rep 
resent in this county the interests of the agricultural 
societies and kindred organizations: 

H. K. Robinson, Bangor, President of the Penobscot 
County Agricultural Society ; B. A. Burr, Bangor, Sec- 
retary. North Penobscot Agricultural Society — A. O. 
Ingersoll, of Lincoln, President ; W. B. Pinkham, Lin- 
coln, Secretary. West Penobscot — George S. Hill, of 
Exeter, President ; T. B. Bachelder, Kenduskeag, Secre- 
tary. Penobscot Central — Thomas J. Peakes, Charles- 
ton, President ; Mason S. Palmer, Corinth, Secretary. 
Penobscot and Aroostook Union — Samuel L. Kimball, 
of Patten, President. Waldo and Penobscot — J. W. 
Wallace, of Jackson, President ; E. H. Nealley, Monroe, 
Secretary. Trustee in Penobscot County of the Maine 
State Agricultural Society — I). M. Dunham, of Bangor. 
Trustees of the Maine Pomological Society — Henry 
McLaughlin and S. C. Harlow, of Bangor. JTrustee 



17° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



of the Maine Dairymen's Association — H. M. Smith, of 
East Orrington. Vice-Presidents of the Maine Poultry 
Association — J. P. Walker, Bangor, and G. D. Stock- 
well, East Orrington. 

THE COUNTY GRANGE. 

We are indebted to Mrs. M. L. Crawford, of Carmel, 
Secretary of the County Grange, for the following state- 
ment: — 

Penobscot County Grange was organized at Bangor, 
April 23, 1 88 1, with the following-named charter mem- 
bers: — Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Gregory, Mr, and Mrs. Al- 
bert Hall, Mr. and Mrs. D. M. Hall, Mr. and Mrs. Allen 
Carter, Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. C. 
M. Freeman, Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Johnson, William 
Patten, and Joseph Clement. 

The following-named were the officers elect: — E. H. 
Gregory, Master ; C. M. Freeman, Overseer ; William 
Pattten, Steward ; Allen Carter, Assistant Steward ; 
Joseph Clements, Chaplain ; Nathan Johnson, Treas- 
urer ; M. L. Croxford, Secretary ; J. M. Robinson, 
Gate-Keeper ; Mrs. E. H. Gregory Ceres ; Mrs. C. M. 
Freeman, Pomona; Mrs. Allen Carter, Flora; Mrs. J. 
M. Robinson, Lady Assistant Steward. 

Members from the following Subordinate Granges com- 
pose the County Grange at the present time : — Eastern 
Star, Hampden (Patrons of Husbandry, No. i) ; Union, 
Hermon, No. 26; Queen City, Bangor, No. 30; Golden 
Harvest, Carmel, No. 33 ; Mt. Etna, Etna, No. 36 ; 
Mystic Tie, Kenduskeag, No. 58 ; Orient, Corinth, No. 
60; Garland, Garland, No. 76; Rural, Veazie, No. 207; 
Pine Grove, Brewer, No. 233 ; Stetson, Stetson, No. 234. 

OLDER SOCIETIES. 

The Penobscot Medical Association was organized 
February 15, 1854. Hosea Rich was the first President, 
and William H. Brown, Secretary. 

The Bangor Medical Association organized January 
16, 1829, with the same President (Dr. Rich), and Dr. 
John P. Dickinson, Secretary. The last recorded meeting 
was in 1843, March 8. 

The Penobscot Musical Association was organized 
October 9, 1848, and incor|jorated November 16, i860. 
Its first President was William H. Mills; Secretary, E. 
F. Duren. It maintains its organization to the present 
time, meeting annually in the autumn, and holding a ses- 
sion of four days. 



CHAPTER XL 

THE MAINE STATE COLLEGE. 

The Foundation Provided by the General Government — A Board of 
Regents— The College Legislated into Being — A Board of Trustees 
— Setthng a Site — Other Preliminaries — The Site Settled, the Build- 
ing Built, and the College Opened — Some More Legislation — History 
of the College to 1876 — The Workshop Instruction — Present Organi- 
zation of the College — The Coburn Cadets — The Coburn Prizes — 
Full List of Alumni — The Associate .Alumni — The State Board of 
Agriculture and the State College — Good Words for the School. 

THE FOUNDATION. 

The act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, entitled 
"An .A.ct donating lands to the several States and Terri- 
tories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agri- 
culture and the mechanic arts," upon which agricultural 
and technical schools have been founded or enlarged in 
many States, gave to the State of Maine 210,000 acres of 
the pubhc lands, conditioned upon acceptance of the 
grant within two years from the date of the act. The re- 
quired acceptance was signified by resolution of the Leg- 
islature, approved March 25, 1863, and scrip for the 
amount i;f the donation was duly issued by the General 
Land Office and forwarded to the Governor of Maine. 
During that year the project of the new college came 
quite generally under discussion by the press and people 
of the State, as well as by the Board of Agriculture and 
the Legislature. The Board passed resolutions declaring 
it advisable and e.xpedient to establish an institution in- 
dependent of and on a different basis from any e.xisting 
college; and — partly in consequence of this, perhaps — 
the Legislature declined a proposal to connect the school 
with Waterville college. 

A BOARD OF REGENTS. 

At the same date the resolution of the State Legisla- 
ture accepting the grant was approved, another was 
passed providing for the election by that body of a Board 
of Regents of the coming college, to consist of thirteen per- 
sons. The session was concluded, however, without mak- 
ing the nominations, and the resolution consequently 
failed of effect. At the next session the resolution was- 
renewed in substance, but provided for a commission ot i 
three, instead of thirteen, and Messrs. the Hon. W. G.Cros- 
by, Joseph Eaton, and Samuel F. Peasley were appointed 
commissioners to receive proposals for the location of the 
college, and benefactions in aid thereof About the 
same time the Governor was authorized to dispose of the 
land scrip, acting "in concert with the Governors of the 
other States." 

THE COLLEGE LEGISLATED INTO BEING. 

An act was passed by the Legislature in February, 
1865, "to establish the State College of Agriculture and 
the Mechanic Aits," whereby Messrs. Hannibal Hamlin, 
Charles A. Everett, William Wirt Wigin, Samuel F. 
Perley, Thomas S. Lang, N. T. Hill, Bradford Cum- 
mings, Dennis Moore, William D. Dana, S. L. Goodale, 
Robert Martin, Alfred S. Perkins, Joseph Farwell, 
Seward Dill, Joseph Day, and Ebenezer Knowlton were 
constituted Trustees of the College, and authorized to 
establish such an institution as was contemplated by the 
act of Congress making the land-grants for the purpose. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



171 



"Practical experiments and demonstrations of scientific 
principles and rules," also instruction in military tactics, 
and 'such other studies "as the facilities of the College 
and the periods of instruction will permit," all "in addi 
tion to the instruction which is to be given by classes, 
text-books, lectures, and apparatus," are prescribed in 
the act. No charge for tuition was to be made to any 
student who is an inhabitant of the State. The follow- 
ing section is well worth extracting in full : 

Section 14. It shall be the duty of the trustees, directors, and 
teachers of the college to impress on the minds of the students the 
principles of morality and justice, and a sacred regard to truth; love 
to their country, humanity and universal benevolence; sobriety, in- 
dustry, and frugality, ch.astity, moderation, and temperance, and all 
other virtues which arc the ornaments of hum.an society; and among 
other means to promote these ends, and to secure the best personal im- 
provement of the students, the trustees shall provide, as fully as may 
be practicable, that the internal organization of the college shall be on 
the plan of one or more well-regulated households and families, so that 
the students may be brought into relations of domestic intimacy and 
confidence with their teachers. 

SETTLING .\ SITE. 

The act of Congress making the grant requiring the 
establishing of at least one of the colleges contemplated 
by it, by each State acce|niiig its terms, within five years, 
on penalty of forfeiture of the gift, the commissioners 
soon set about the ascertainment of a site for the Maine 
College. Advertisements were made in the newspapers, 
inviting donations and benefactions in aid of the pro- 
posed college, and ])roposals for the location thereof. 
In reply, three offers of sites, to be gratuitously given, were 
made — one by Mr. Benjamin F. Nourse, of Orrington, 
Penobscot county, of his farm of 425 acres at Goodale's 
Corner, unconditionally offered; one from the Hon. 
Francis O. J. Smith, of New York City, of his 90-acre 
farm at Gorham, with no condition except the permanent 
maintenance of the Agricultural College therein; and 
one from the President and Trustees of Bowdoin College 
at Brunswick, of the establishment of a separate institu- 
tion of the character designated in the grant, in con- 
sideration of the transfer to the corporation of Bowdoin 
of the entire amount of the land scrip. The commis- 
sioners visited the several localities included in the offers. 
They found the first and second objectionable for lack of 
necessary buildings, and the first also by reason of its dis- 
tance from any central point of travel. The Brunswick 
location, including about 300 acres for an experimental 
farm, was free from these objections, but not found 
suitable for a stock farm. Upon the whole, however, 
the commission reported in favor of accepting the 
Bowdoin offer, but did not think the scrip could be 
legally transferred to the College authorities. It rather 
should be sold, in their judgment, and the proceeds in- 
vested. The recommendations were fully discussed in 
public and private, by the Board of Agriculture and the 
Legislature; and the decision finally was not to accept 
them. 

OTHER PRELIMINARIES. 

The trustees appointed by the late act had a meeting 
at Augusta, April 25 and 26, 1865, and appointed Mr. 
Hamlin President, Mr. Goodale, Clerk, and Mr. Phine- 
has Barnes, of Portland, Treasurer of the Board. An 



address was issued by the trustees to the people of 
the State, calling attention to the enterprise and inviting 
"such contributions as will enable them to provide the 
requisite buildings and apparatus for setting the College 
in operation." Mr. Nourse had so modified his offer of 
the gift of his Orrington farm as to require the precedent 
raising of $50,000 "for the erection of buildings and 
other uses of the College." At another meeting of the 
Board in Augusta, the next September, it was reported 
that only about one-half the necessary amount had been 
pledged, when thanks were voted to Mr. Nourse, and 
the attempt to secure the acceptance of his offer was 
abandoned. A call was announced for a meeting in 
Bangor, to consider some informal proposals made con- 
cerning an available tract in Orono town. No quorum 
was got together, however, and the matter rested until 
the next year. It was necessary to exercise considerable 
care and circumspection, in order to make sure that the 
site finally selected should answer the specifications of 
the resolution of instructions passed by the Legislature in 
1S63, that "the farm should embrace such a variety of 
soils and of surface as should constitute it, as near as 
may be, a fair ejiitome of the State, and that it should 
occupy a location easily accessible, and as nearly central 
to the State as may be, considering both geographical 
position, population, and social and other advantages." 
In addition to the Iticalities before mentioned, a site at 
Topsham was pressed upon the attention of the Board, 
mainly by the authorities of a college then existing in 
that vicinity, who were supported by the influence of the 
Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, who was 
also Clerk of the Board of Trustees. Early in 1866, 
after a full attention to the claims of each of the locali- 
ties, the site at Orono, in Penobscot county, now occu- 
pied by the College and its farm, were determined upon. 

Contracts for the necessary buildings were made, and 
work went rapidly forward, so that in 1868 the institution 
was opened for the reception of pupils; and, says the 
next Report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agricul- 
ture: "a class of highly promising young men has been gath- 
ered — less numerous, it may be, than in some similar in- 
stitutions in other States, but considerably more so than 
the earlier classes which entered what is now the oldest, 
the most numerously attended, and the best equipped of 
our literary colleges." 

By chapter 59, of the Private and Special Laws of 
1866, the inhabitants of Orono were authorized to raise 
money, by taxation or loan, to the amount of $11,000, 
for the purchase of the White and the Goddard or Frost 
faims, for conveyance to the Trustees of the State Col- 
lege, if a majority of the inhabitants should agree there- 
to. At the same session, the inhabitants of Oldtown 
were similarly authorized to vote an appropriation in aid 
of the purchase of land in Orono for the same purpose. 

MORE LEGISLATION. 

At the legislative session of 1869 $28,000 were ap- 
propriated from the State Treasury for the purposes of 
the College, and $22,000 in 1870, both under the proviso 
that a perfect title to the premises in Orono should be 



172 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



vested in the State before any money should be drawn 
under these grants. 

By chapter 147, of the Private and Special Laws of 
1872, "females -who possess the suitable qualifications 
for admission to the several classes, may be admitted as 
students in the college, subject to the requirements of 
labor and study which may be determined by the Faculty 
of Instruction and by the Trustees of the College." 

THE REMAINING STORY 

of the college, to the year 1876, with some amplifica- 
tion of what we have already given, is well told by Mr. 
S. L. Boardman, Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, 
in the twenty-first annual report of that officer: 

In February, 1S65, the " Maine State College of Agricultuie and the 
Mechanic Arts" was incorporated, and sixteen trustees were recog- 
nized, representing the different counties of the State. On the 25th of 
April the trustees organized by the choice of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin 
as President, and they also issued an address calling upon the citizens 
of the State to come up to the work of the endowment of the Institu- 
tion. At a subsequent meeting, held in 1865, Mr. B. F. Nourse, of 
Orrington, renewed his offer of his farm and buildings, provided 
$50,000 could be secured for the erection of the necessary buildings by 
subscriptions or donations. This farm was visited by the trustees, and 
during the year they also visited sites for the proposed location of the 
college in Topsham, Gorham, Augusta, Fairfield, Newport, and Orono, 
but no decision was made during the year. At a meeting held in Janu- 
ary. 1866, the offer made Ijy the towns of Orono and Oldtown, accom- 
panied by an offer of $10,000 from the citizens of Bangor, was ac- 
cepted, it being considered by a large majority the most advantageous 
offer that had been made. In April of the same year. Dr. J. C. Weston^ 
of Bangor, was elected clerk of the Board of Trustees, and in Sep 
tember, Mr. Hamlin having previously resigned, Hon. W. A. P. 
Dillingham, of Sidney, was elected President of the Board. This 
Boaid, at a meeting held January 22, 1867, elected as President of the 
College. Hon. Phineas Barnes, of Poitlaud, a gentleman who had 
previously been elected Treasurer, and who had from the first inception 
of this movement taken a deep interest in its success, having written a 
series of articles on the establishment and management of the Colle ge 
which had attracted wide attention. The election of Mr. Barnes was 
the last act of this Board. It had found, from its large number and 
the difficulty of calling meetings at which a quorum would be present _ 
that a re-organization would be desirable. Accordmgly a new Board 
was constituted, consisting of seven members, ot which Hon. Abner 
Coburn, of Skowhegan, was elected President, and Hon. Lyndon Oak, 
of Garland, Clerk. 

In 1867 a college-building, now known as White Hall, and used for 
recitation purposes, was built, and the general farm buildings thoroughly 
repaired. At the meeting of the trustees held July 2, 1868, M. C. Fern- 
aid, A, M., was elected to the position of Professor of Mathematics, 
and Samuel Johnson, of Jackson, was elected farm superintendent. 
The necessary arrangements having been made, and with these two 
instructors, Prof. Fernald acting as president, the institution was 
opened, in September, with a class of 13 students. The erection of a 
laboratory building was commenced this year, the same being built 
upon the plan, somewhat improved, of the laboratory of Brown Un- 
iversity, Providence, Rhode Island. 

The towns of Orono and Oldtown had given a w'arranty deed of the 
farms, in which was inserted the condition that the property should 
revert to the town of Orono, should the location of the college ever be 
changed. The trustees desired to change the conditions of this deed so 
that they might have the alternative of paying the present worth of 
the land, or abandoning the property if the location of the college was 
changed. Pending the settlement of this matter between the trustees 
and the town of Orono, a year went by, during which the legislature 
refused to make further appropriations to the institution till the change 
was made in the terms of the deed, conveying the land to the State 
without qualifications. Of course this action suspended all building 
operations for the year, but with the giving of a satisfactory deed to 
the State, the Legislature, in 1870, made an appropriation of $50,000. 

In 1869, the statute concerning the board of agriculture, was so 
amended that its secretary was created a trustee ex officio of the Institu- 
tion; and one of the two sessions of the board to be held annually was 
fixed at the college, or near enough for the students to attend. Through 



the courtesy of the presidents and superintendents of the several rail- 
roads in the State, free passes have been obtained for the students to 
attend meetings in the different counties, this being regarded as coming 
within the requirements of the statute, and the meetings so held have been 
very interesting and profitable to the students. Besides, by visiting 
the different paits of the State, the students have been enabled to make 
decided friends for the institution, and to give a good idea of its course 
of study and discipline to those who could not well visit it. 

The college, since its estabhshment, has received the following ap- 
propriations from the State: In 1867, $20,000; in 1868, $10,000; in 
1870, $50,000; in 1871, $6,000; in 1872 $18,000; in 1873, $24,000; in 
1874, $12,500; in 1875, $10,500; and in 1876, $8,000 — a total of $159,- 
000. If the above amounts seem large, it must be borne in mind that 
they are small compared with the appropriations which other States 
have made for institutions of a similar character. Thus, Mi{?higan has 
given its college $419,000 in 18 years; Iowa, $329,000 in 7 years; Massa- 
chusetts, $313,000 in 7 years; Illinois, $235,000 in 5 years; and Penn- 
sylvania, $270,000 in 4 years. 

The laboratory building was completed in 1870, and the dormitory 
and boarding-house built in 1871. The dormitory is 3 stories high, and 
has 48 rooms. The presidents house was built in 1872, a professor's 
house in 1873, and the large barn in 1874. The students erected a 
Iniilding for their own purposes in 1876. The total number of build- 
ings belonging to the college is as follows; 3 for college purposes, i 
boarding-house, 4 dwellings for the use of instructors, and 4 barns and 
stables. 

The following table represents the number of students 

in each year since the opening of the college:* 



Years. 


Seniors. 


Juniors. 


Sophomores. 


Freshmen. 


Special. 


Total. 


i86» 












13 


1869 
1870 






13 
9 


10 




23 




9 


14 




32 


1871 


6 


6 


6 


24 




42 


1872 


7 


7 


25 


32 




71 


1873 


7 


20 


4t 


34 


I 


103 


1874 


19 


42 


30 


28 


2 


121 


1875 


33 


20 


22 


35 


5 


"5 


1876 


18 


16 


37 


20 


3 


94 



The appropriations made by the State have been ex- 
pended for the erection of btiilding.s, the purchase of 
scientific apparatus, implements, and farm stock, and 
for supplementing the income from the National grant in 
defraying the expenses of salaries. While the income 
from the grant is but $8,400 per annum, the salaries of 
professors and teachers amount to $12,500 per annum, 
the balance of which has to be made up from tlie sums 
appropriated by the State from time to time. It has 
been found necessary, in order to keep up the character 
of the institution, to furnish the instruction demanded 
by the increased number of pupils and to sustain teach- 
ers of positive ability, to pay as good salaries as are paid 
by other institutions of a similar nature; consequently 
the annual expenses in this direction have exceeded the 
income for the purpose provided by the endowment of 
the National Government, and the assistance of the 
State has been necessary. The college farm is worth 
$15,000, while the value of the scientific apparatus is 
$9,000; of the library, $4,000; of the farm stock, $3,800; 
and of farm implements, $1,500. 

In 1878 the system of workshop instruction in the 
mechanic arts, according to the Russian plan, which 
was contemplated in the very foundation of the college, 
was put into successful operation. The shops were 
opened wholly through means obtained by private sub- 

*The students in the academic year iBBo-Bi were: Freshmen. 31; 
sophomores. 20; juniors, 27; seniois, 25; post-graduates, 3: special, 4; 
total, iiQ. 





^.(&€4^^(i>^C. 



<=::> 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



173 



scription, led, in both amount and influence, by ex- 
Governor Coburn, of the Board of Trustees. The vise 
shop was opened for practical operations May 4th, with 
Mr. Valentine \Valburg, of Boston, in charge as instruc- 
tor. The forge shop followed October ist, undpr the 
direction of Professor W. A. Pike. The work upon the 
building for this was done almost wholly by the students 
of the College. The first classes in these shops made 
remarkable progress, and they now constitute a most 
successful and approved department of the instruction. 
Mr. Wilbur F. Decker, B. M. E., a graduate of the Col- 
lege in 1S79, is regularly installed as "Instructor in Vise- 
work and Forge-work." 

The following e.\tracts are made from the last cata- 
logue of the College: 

DESIGN OF THE I.MSTITUTION. 

It is the design of the Maine State College of Agriculture and the 
Mechanic Arts to give the young incn of the State who may desire it, 
at a moderate cost, the advantages of a thorough, liberal and practical 
education. It proposes to do this by means of tiie most approved 
methods of instruction, by giving to every young man who pursues the 
course of study an opportunity practically to apply the lessons he learns 
in the class-room, and by furnishing him facilities for defraying a part 
of his expenses by his own labor. 

By the act of Congress granting puljlic lands for the endewment and 
maintenance of such colleges, it is i)rovided that the leading object of 
such an institution shall be, "without excluding other scientific and 
classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches 
of learning as are related to .Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.'* 
While the courses of study fully meet this requisition, and are espe- 
cially adapted to prepare the student for agriculture and mechanical 
pursuits, it is designed that they shall be also sufficiently comprehen- 
sive, and of such a character as to secure to the student the discipline 
of mind and practical experience necessary for entering upon other 
callings or professions. 

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 

Five full courses are provided, viz; A course in Agriculture, in Civil 
Engineering, in Mechanical Engineering, in Chemistry, and in Science 
and Literature. 

The studies of the several courses are essentially common for the 
first two years, and are valuable not only in themselves, but also as fur- 
nishing a necessary b^sis for the more technical studies and the prac- 
tical instruction of the Junior and Senior years. 

Physical Geography, taught in the first term of the freshman year, 
serves as a suitable introduction to Geology, which is taken up later in 
each of the courses. Physiology serves as an introduction to Com- 
parative Anatomy, and Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry are need- 
ful preliminaries to the higher mathematics and the practical applica- 
tions required in Surveying, Engineering proper, and Astronomy. 
Botany, Chemistry, and Physics are highly important branches, com- 
mon to all the assigned courses, and hence taken by all the students 
who are candidates for degrees. 

Rhetoric, French, and English Literature, form the early part of a 
line of studies which later includes German, Logic, History of Civiliza- 
tion. United States C'onstitution, Political Economy, and Mental and 
Moral Science; branches, several of which relate not more to literary 
culture than to social and civil relations, and to the proper preparation 
for the rights and duties of citizenship. 

Composition and Declamation are regular exercises in all the courses 
throughout the four years. 

illLITARY INSTRLXTION. 

Thorough instruction is given in military science by a competent otTi- 
cer. It extends through the whole college course, the freshman, soph- 
omore, and junior classes receiving instruction in infantry tactics, and 
the senior class in artillery drill. 

Arms are furnished by the State. The uniform is navy-blue yatch 
cloth, sack coat, and pants, without brass buttons or trimming that at- 
tract attention, and is required to be worn during the military exercises. 
LABOR. 

It is a peculiarity of the college, that it makes provision for labor, 
thus combining practice with theory, manual labor with scientific cult- 



ure. The maximum time of required labor is three hours a day for five 
days in the week. In the lowest class the students are required to work 
on the farm, and they receive compensation for their labor according to 
their industry, faithfulness and efficiency, the educational character of 
the labor being also taken into account. The maximum price paid is 
ten cents an hour. The labor is designed to be as much as possible 
educational, so that every student may become familiarwith all the forms 
of labor upon the farm and in the garden. 

The students of the three upper classes carry on their principal labor 
in the laboratory, the drawing-rooms, the work-shops, or in the field, 
and for it they receive no pecuniary consideration, since this labor is of a 
purely educational character. 

SPECIAL COURSES. 

Students may be received for less time than that required for a full 
course, and they may select from the studies of any class such branches 
as they are quahfied to pursue successfully. Students in Special Cour- 
ses are not entitled to degrees, but may receive certificates of proficiency. 
DEGREES. 

The full course in Civil Engineering entitles to the Degree of Bache- 
lor of Civil Engineering ; the full course in Mechanical Engineering, to 
the Degree of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering ; the full course in 
Agriculture, Chemistry, or Science and Literature, to the Degree of 
Bachelor of Science. 

Three years after graduation, on presentation of a satisfactory thesis 
with the necessary drawings, and proof of professional work or study, 
the Bachelors of Civil Engineering may receive the Degree of Civil En- 
gineer ; the Bachelors of Mechanical Engineering, the Degree of Me- 
chanical Engineer ; the Bachelor of Science, the Degree of Master of 
Science. 

FARM AND BUILDINGS. 

The college farm contains three hundred and seventy acres of land, 
of high natural productiveness and of great diversity of soil; and 
is therefore well adapted to the experimental purposes of the institution. 

White Hall, the building first erected, affords excellent accommod.a- 
tions for a limited number of students. The lower rooms of this build- 
ing are appropriated to general and class purposes. 

Brick H.all contains forty-eight rooms, and has connected with it a 
boarding-house for students. With these buildings, the institution 
furnishes desirable accommodations for one hundred and twenty-five 
students. 

The Laboratory contains two apparatus rooms, a lecture room, a 
cabinet, a library and weighing room, a recitation room, and rooms for 
analytical and other purposes, and is in all respect admirably adapted 
to the wants of the chemical and mineralogical departments. 

APPARATUS. 

The college is furnished with new and valuable apparatus for the de- 
partments of Physical Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Surveying, 
Civil Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, to which additions 
will be made as the exigencies of the several departments require. 
Models have been obtained from the United States Patent office, and 
others have been purchased, that serve for purposes of instruction. 
LIBRARY. 

The Library contains 4,855 volumes, the largest proportion of which 
have been obtained through the generosity of ex-Governor Coburn. 
Valuable additions have also been made to it by other friends of the 
college, only a small number having been purchased with money ap- 
propriated by the Stale. It is earnestly hoped that so important an 
auxiliary in the education of the student will not be disregarded by the 
people of the State, and that liberal contributions will be made to the 
library, not only of agricultural and scientific works, but also of those 
profitable to the general reader. The reading-room is supplied with a 
number of valuable newspapers and periodicals. 

CABINET. 

Rooms have been fitted up with cases of minerals and specimens of 
natural history, and several hundred specimens have been presented to 
the College. The valuable private cabinets of Prof. C. H. Fernald and 
Ex-President C. F. Allen are placed in these rooms, and are accessible 
to the students. All specimens presented will be properiy credited and 
pl.aced on exhibition. Rocks illustrating the different geological forma- 
tion and minerals found within the State are particulariy solicited, 

E.XPENSES." 

"Since this Catalogue was issued, the trustees have been required bylaw 
to make ch.irge of tuition. They have fi.ved the rate at $30 a year, to be 
divided equally between the two terms. They say; "In deciding upon this 



174 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Bedding and furniture must be supplied by the students, who also 
furnish their own lights. Tables, chairs, bedsteads, sinks and husk 
mattresses can be purchased at the college at moderate rates. 

The price of board is two dollars and sixty cents per week ; washing 
averages not more than sixty cents per dozen. 

The warming by steam of single rooms (each suitable for two occu- 
pants) has averaged for the past four years about ten dollars a room for 
each term. The expense of heating recitation rooms and rooms for 
general purposes has been about two dollars a term for each student, 
and the incidental expenses including pay for the services of janitor, pay 
for bringing mail, for cleaning and renovatmg rooms, for general re- 
pairs, etc., have been less than three dollars per term for each student. 

From the items given, with an allowance of a few dollars a year for 
necessary text-books, quite an accurate estimate of needful expenses 
can be made. 

The college term-bills are payable, one-half at the commencement 
and the remainder at or before the close of each term. 

MEANS OF DEFRAYING E.XPENSES. 

The terms are so arranged that the long vacation occurs in the winter, 
that students may have an opportunity to teach during that time. 
The summer vacation is in the haying season, when farm labor is most 
profitable. By availing themselves of the opportunities thus afforded, 
together with the allowance for labor on the college farm, industrious 
and economical students can cancel the greater part of their college 
expenses. 

Among the organizations attaclied to the college is the 
battalion of Coburn Cadets, in two infantry companies, 
and one artillery company, commanded by Major A. E. 
Rogers, with W. R. Howard as Adjutant. F. I. Kimball 
is Captain of Company A, H. A. Kieth of Company B, 
and G. W. Sturtevant of the artillery. The battalion is 
named from ex-Governor Coburn, who has been a steady 
benefactor of the College. Among other benefits con- 
ferred by him, is the formation of the "Coburn prize for 
best sophomore declamation," which was taken last year 
by Mr. C. S. Blackford; and for the "Coburn prize for 
best junior essay," awarded in 1880 to Mr. F. S. Wade. 

THE ALUiMNI 

are not yet so numerous as to make the publication 
of the entire list in any way burdensome. It will, we are 
confident, be examined with interest by the readers of 
this volume, and prove a record of permanent interest. 
It is also extracted from the last number of the College 
Catalogue: 

CLASS OF 1872. 
Benjamin F. Gould, C. E., farmer, San Juan, California; George E. 
Hammond, C. E., civil engineer, Elliott: Edwin J. Haskell, B. S., silk 
manufacturer, Saccarappa; Heddle Hilliard, C. E., civil engineer, 
Grand Southern Railroad, New Brunswick; Eber D. Thomas, B. S. , 
civil engineer. Grand Rapids, Michigan; George O. Weston. B. S., 
farmer, Norridgewock. 

CLASS OF 1873. 

Russell W. Eaton, C. E., cotton-mill engineer. Providence, Rhode 
Island; George H. Hamlin, C. E., professor. State College, Orono; 
Fred W. Holt, C. E. , civil engineer, G. S. R. K., Sl George, New 
Brunswick; John M. Oak, B. S., merchant, Garland; Charles E. Reed, 
C. E., business manager Free Press, Detroit, Michigan; Frank Lamp- 
som Scribner, B. S., tutor, Girard College, Philadelphia; Harvey B. 
Thayer, B. S., druggist, Monson. 

CLASS OF 1874. 

William A. Allen, C. E., civil engineer, M. C. R. R., Portland: Wal- 
ter Balentine, B. S., instructor in agriculture. State College, Orono; 

amount, they have endeavored to avoid two e.vtremes — the one, a tuition so high 
as to be in disregard of the fact that a large percentage of the students work their 
own way, either wholly or in part ; the other, a tuition so low as seemingly to 
indicate an undervaluing of the advantages offered." The trustees, however, 
make provision for the establishing of free scholarships, by the following action : 
"Voted, That any individual or society paying to the Treasurer a sum not less 
than seven hundred and fifty dollars, shall be entitled to one perpetual free 
scholarship in the College." 



William H. Gerrish, B. S., M. D., physician, Merrimac, Massachu- 
setts; John I. Gurney, B. S., farmer, Dorchester, Massachusetts; David 
R. Hunter, B. S., police officer, Oakland, California; Louise H. Rams. 
dell, B. S. (Mrs. Milton D. Noyes), Atkinson. 

CLASS OF 1875. 
Solomon W. Bates, C. E., civil engineer, Waterville; Wilbur A. 
Bumps, C. E., M. D. , physician. Dexter; Samuel H. Clapp, C. E.. teach- 
er, Newton, Massachusetts; Lewis F. Coburn, C. E., teacher. Crescent 
City, California; Charles W. Colesworthy, B. S., California; Charles F. 
Durham, C. E., teacher. Crescent City, California: Alfred M. Goodale, 
B. S., superintendent Newton Mills, Newton Upper Falls, Massachusetts; 
Edson F. Hitchins, C. E., draughtsman, Waterville; Whitman H. Jor- 
dan, B. .S. , professor agricultural chemistry. State College, Pennsylvania; 
Edward D. .Mayo, M. E., draughtsman and instructor in drawing, Min- 
neapolis, Minnesota; Albert E. Mitchell, M. E. , mechanical engineer, 
Altoona, Pennsylvania; Allen G. Mitchell, C. E., civil engineer, Madi- 
son; FredW. Moore, B. S. , teacher (deceased), California; Luther W. 
Rogers, B. S., merchant, Waterville; Minott W. Sewall, M. E.. me- 
chanical engineer, Wilmington, Delaware; George M. Shaw, C. E. , 
principal of schools, Oraville, California; Wesley Webb, B. S., farmer. 
South Freeport; Edgar A. Work, C. E., (deceased) United States Mil- 
itary Academy. 

CLASS OF 1876. 

Edmund .Mjbott, B. S. , M. D. , physician, Winterport; Charles P. 
Allen, B. S., lawyer, Presque Isle; Eldridge H. Beckler, C. E., civil en- 
gineer, N. P. R. R., St. Paul, Minnesota; Fred M. Bisbee, C. E., civil 
engineer, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Edward M. Blanding, B. S., editor" 
Maine Mining Journal, Bangor; Charles M. Brainard, B. S., lumber- 
man, Skowhegan; George H. Buker, B. S., apothecary, Presque Isle; 
Florence H. Cowan, B, S., Orono; Oliver Crosby, M. E., foreman of 
machine shop, St. Paul, Minnesota; Vetal Cyr, B. S., Principal of 
Madawaska Training School, Fort Kent; James E. Dike, C. E. , sur- 
veyor, Fargo, Dakota Territory; Willis O. Dyke, B. S. (deceased), 
Gorham; Horace M. Estabrooke, B. S., teacher, Pembroke; Aithur M. 
Farrington, B. S., veterinary surgeon, 33 West Twenty-seventh street, 
New York; George O. Foss, C. E., United States engineer, St. Paul, 
Minnesota; William T. Haines, B. S., lawyer, Waterville; Henry F. 
Hamilton, B. S. , D. D. S. , dentist, 124 Commonwealth Avenue, Bos- 
ton; Newall P. Haskell, B. S., New Gloucester; Edward S. How, M. 
E., bookkeeper, Portland; Philip W. Hubbard, B. S. , apothecary, 
Farmington; Samuel M. Jones, M. E. , engineer, Corliss Engine 
Works, Providence, Rhode Island; Albeit M. Lewis, B. S., clergyman, 
Sebec; Herbert A. Long, M. E., farmer, Bluehill; Luther R. Lothrop, 
C. E. , civil engineer N. P. R. R., St. Paul, Minnesota; Nelson H. 
Martin, B. S., teacher. Fort Fairfield; Charles E. Oak, M. E., surveyor. 
Caribou; George D. Parks, C. E., lawyer, Brunswick; Hayward 
Pierce, B. S. , West Waldo Granite Works, Frankfort; Frank R. Reed, 
C. E., carpenter, Roxbury; Henry J. Reynolds, B. S. , druggist, Ma- 
chias; Charles W. Rogers, M. E., machinist, Charlestown, Massachu- 
setts; William L. Stevens, M. E. , agent_of flouring mills, Minneapo- 
lis, Minnesota; John H. Williams, B. S., teacher, Milo. 

CLASS OF 1877. 

Alvah D. Blackington, C. E., city engineer, Rockland; Robert B. 
Burns, B. C. E., superintendent of schools. Fort Fairfield; Eugene H. 
Dakin, B. S., apothecary, Bangor; Edward F. Danforth, B. S., lawyer, 
Skowhegan; Augustus J. Elkins, B. M. E., draughtsman and scaler, 
Oldtown; Alica T. Emery, B. S., teacher, Orono; Samuel W. Gould, 
B. S., lawyer, .Skowhegan; Joseph C. Lunt, B. C. E., merchant. Fort 
Fairfield; Fred F. Phillips, B. S., law student, Bangor; Samuel Shaw, 
B. M. E. , architectural draughtsman, Boston, Massachusetts; Frank P. 
Stone, B. S. , farmer, Livermore Falls; Thomas J. Stephens, B. M. E., 
apothecary. Auburn; George E. Sturgis, B. C. E., apothecary, Oregon; 
Charles E. Towne, B. C. E. , government surveyor, Helena, Montana; 
Tames W. Weeks, B. M. E., draughtsman. Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Nel- 
lie E. Weeks, B. S., (Mrs. Llewellyn Spencer), Orono; Ivan E. Web- 
ster, B. S. , lumberman, Orono. 

CLASS OF 1878. 

Emma Brown, B. S., teacher, Orono; Andrew J. Caldwell, B. M. E., 
diau"htsnian, Brooklyn, New York; Cecil C. Chamberlain, B. S., clerk 
in lumber business, Geneseo, Illinois; George Fernald, B. C. E., mer- 
chant, Waterloo, Iowa; James Heald, B. S., M. & St. P. R. R., Min- 
neapolis, Minnesota; John Locke, B. S., Maine Central R. R., Port- 
land; Frank J. Oakes, B. C. E., assistant city engineer, Lowell, Mas- 
sachusetts; John C. Patterson, B. C. E., civil engineer, St. Paul & 
Manitoba R. R., Norman, Dakota Territory; Winfield E. Tripp, B. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



175 



C. E., law student, Albany, New York; Edward C. Walker, B. S., 
lawyer, Lovel; Otis C. Webster, B. S., druggist, Augusta. 

CLASS OF 1879. 

Harry P. Bean, B. C. E., civil engineer C, M. & St. Paul R. R., Par- 
ker, Dakota Territory; Edward ). Blake, B. C. E., assistant engineer W.. 
Si. L. & P. R. R.. Peoria, Illinois; Simon P. Crosby, B. S., laij^student. 
Dexter; John D. Cutter. B. S., medical student. University of the City 
of New York; Wilbur F. Decker, B. M. E.. instructor in vise work and 
forge Aork, State college. Orono; David .\. Decrow, B. C. E. , draughts- 
man, Lockport, New York; Willis E. Ferguson, B. S., farmer, Bangor; 
Charles W. Gibbs, B. C. E., .■'kbington, Illinois; .Annie M. Gould, B. 
S., teacher, Stillwater; Nellie M. Holt, B. S., teacher, Orono; Frank 
E. Kidder, B. C. E., student of architecture, institute of technology, 
Boston, Massachusetts; Mark D. Libby, B. C. E., stock breeder. Bel- 
mont, Kansas; Charles S. Loring. B. M. E. , machinist, Winlhrop; 
George P. Merrill, B. S. , U. S. fish commission, Washington, District 
of Columbia; .Arthur L. Morse, farmer. Limerick; Charles A. Morse, 

B. C. E., draughtsman, C, B. & Q.R. R.. Burlington, Iowa; Fred D. 
Potter, B. M. E., draughtsman. Providence, Rhode Island; .Alton J. 
Shaw, B. M. E., mechanical engineer, .Auburn; Percia .A. V^inal, B. S., 
teacher, Orono; George O. Warren, B. S. , farmer, Fryeburg; Herbert 
Webster, B. S., lumberman, Orono. 

CLASS OF 1880. 
Horace W. .Atwood, B. .S. , student in veterinary science, New York 
City; James M. Bartlett, B. S.. assistant in chemistry, Wesleyan Uni- 
versity, Middletown, Connecticut; Albert H. Brown. B. S., Old town ; 
" Marria Davis, B. S.. teacher, Stillwater; Fied B. Elliott, B. S., far- 
mer, Bowdoin ; Sarah P. Farrington. B. S. . teacher. State reform 
school. Cape Elizabeth ; Charles W. Fernald, B. S., clerk, Waterloo. 
Iowa; Fred W. Fickett.B. S. . teacher. Etna; George W. Lufkin.B. C. 
E., teacher. North Yarmouth; Frank A. Mansfield, B. S.. teacher.Cam- 
den;.Annie.A. Matthews. B. S., teacher, Stillwater ; Henry W. Murray, B. 

C. E., teacher, Farmington, California; Franklin R. Patten, B. C. E., 
civil engineer, Newport, Rhode Island ; Charles T. Pease, B. S. , civil 
engineer. P., W. & B. R. R. , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; James F. 
Purrington, B. S., farmer, Bowdoin. 

A society of "Associate Alumni" has been formed, 
which has at present the following named officers : 

President, Edward M. Blanding, Bangor; Secretary, Professor W. 
H. Jordan. Stale College, Pennsylvania ; Treasurer. Phillip W. Hub- 
bard, Farmington ; Class Secretaries, 1872, E. J. Haskell, Saccarappa; 
1873, J. .\I. Oak, Garland; 1874, W. A. Allen, Portland; 1875, W. 
H. Jordan, State College, Pennsylvania ; 1876, N. P. Haskell, New 
Gloucester; 1877, S. W. Gould, Skowhegan ; 1878, C. E. Walker, 
Lovell ; 1679, F. E. Kidder, Institute of technology, Massachusetts. 

THE ST.ATE BOARD AND THE COLLEGE. 

March i, 1869, an act of the Legislature was ap- 
proved entitled "An Act to secure harmony of action 
between the Board of Agriculture and the State College 
of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," in which it was 
provided that five members, appointed from the State at 
large, should be added to the Board, of whom two 
should be appointed from the Faculty of the College; 
that the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture should 
be ex officio a member of the Board of Trustees of the 
College, and that the former Board should hold one of 
its two annual sessions "within such convenient distance 
of the State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic 
Arts as will enable the attendance of the students and 
Faculty of said College, so that they may have the ad- 
vantage of the addresses and discussions before the 
Board." The first of the sessions under this act began 
at the College in Orono, October 19, 1869. The report 
of the meeting says : 

It was gratifying to find a recent accession to the number of stu- 
dents, enlarged means of imparting instruction, an additional professor 
at work, and abundant eiidence of ability and determination on the 
part of all connected with the Institution to succeed. . . The 
forenoon was chi efly devoted to the usual recitations of the classes and 



to remarks by those present, all of whom e.xpressed the highest degree 
of satisfaction at the thoroughness of the instruction, the progress of 
the students, and the happy results of the union of labor with study. 

Professor Hamhn, of Colby University, one of the newly appointed 
members at large, said that, in all his e.vperience as a teacher in differ- 
ent institutions, he had never heard better recitations or witnessed 
greater evidence of thorough, careful work on the part of both pupils 
and instructors. He alluded to the sympathy and co-operation which 
should exist between pupils and teachers as necessary to the best re- 
sults, and believed it existed in the present Institution. 

Professor Fernald , in reply to an inquiry whether the bodily labor 
interfered with intellectual progress, replied that so far as he could 
judge from the working of the system for something more than a year, 
it did not, but, on the contrary, they were belter fitted for study by 
reason of having engaged in physical labor, and he regarded it as 
really a benefit. He also stated that those pupils who exhibited the 
most aptitude at work were also those most ready at their several 
studies. 

Mr. Johnson, the Farm Superintendent, said that the pupils were 
always ready and willing to work, and to put their hands to whatever 
they were told to do. 

Professor Peckham stilted that he came to this Institution with some 
prejudice against the system of manual labor, but he was every day 
gaining confidence in its expeJiency and usefulness. 

A year or two afterwards, when the College had had 
further opportunity to demonstrate its usefulness, or the 
contrary, while the school was under discussion in the 
State Board of Agriculture, Governor Pcrham took oc- 
casion to speak as follows : 

Having been one of the oflficial visitors of the State College, it may 
be proper for me to say a word in regard to the appearance of the stu- 
dents and the progress which they have made; and I may be excused 
for some enthusiasm in the matter. ... I have had the 
privilege of visiting that Institution three times — once last winter, last 
spring, and again in the fall; and I can say here, without making an 
extended speech, that I think President .Allen and Professor Fernald 
(who has been in the Institution longer than President .Allen) need 
have no fear in putting the students of that College beside students in 
any other institution in the State or an>-\vhere else, who have been en- 
gaged in their studies the same length of time. 

I am confident that the three hours' labor every day is of very great 
value. It seems to relieve them of any inclination to cut up capers, 
as manv college boys are wont to do. President Allen will not find the 
trouble i.i his discipline that is found in other colleges. Those boys 
are employed; they are given something useful to do; they feel that 
they are learning something useful all the time, something they are go- 
ing to practice, and he will not be obliged to discipline them for bad 
conduct. 

I have had an opportunity during the past year of witnessing the ex- 
ercises in a great many institutions of learning, some of them of high 
standing, and the students have all acquitted themselves well; but I 
hesitate not to say that the boys in the college at Orono, considering 
the time they have been there, taking into consideration their physical 
and mental powers and everything that goes to make up the elements 
of success in life, are equal, if not superior, to any class I have ever 
seen. I believe that ever)' man who has heard the recitations of those 
boys, and witnessed their mental and physical improvement, will be 
ready to attest to the correctness of this statement. 

The next year the autumn session of the Board was 
held at the villages of Fo.xcroft and Dover, in Piscataquis 
county, with a large delegation present from the Agricul- 
tural College, and in September, 187 i, the regular meet- 
ing of the fall was held at Lincoln village, in this county. 
The acfulty of the College attended, and a larger num- 
ber of students than at either of the previous sessions. 
The class wliich had just entered the school was larger 
than any class before matriculated. It was already be- 
coming a problem how any further increase of students 
was to be accommodated. 



176 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



CHAPTER XII. 

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.* 

Roman Catholic Missionaries and Churches — Olher Early Religion in 
the Penobscot Valley — Congregation.alism — Methodism — The Bap- 
tists — The Free Baptists — Universalism — The Unitarians, Sweden- 
borgians, "Christians," and Free Adventists — The Penobscot Bible 
Society — The Bangor Young Men's Bible Society. 

ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES 

came with the French in their early visits to the Penob- 
scot, and mingled with the Indians, and they became 
Catholics. Jesuit missionaries were with them in 161 1, 
and for several years after. In 1614 four missionaries 
from France disembarked with twenty-five others, design- 
ing to found a mission at Kadesquit (Kenduskeag), now 
Bangor; but they decided to relinquish the Penobscot, 
and went to Mount Desert. About the year 1700, in the 
reign of Louis XIV., a French architect erected for the 
Indians a place of worship, in Indian Oldtown. The 
church was burned about the year 1757. The governor 
of the tribe has now in his possession a medal, with the 
likeness of Louis XIV. 

In 1797 the tribe was visited by Right Reverend 
Bishop Cheverus, of Boston, and two years after the Rev. 
James R. Romaigne, a French friar, had pastoral charge, 
in connection with the Passamaquoddy tribe, in Wash- 
ington county. He returned to France in 1819. Rev. 
Stephen Crilleaux, born and educated in Paris, was his 
successor, and was with them for several years. 

The Irish and American Catholics began to gather in 
considerable numbers at Bangor, in 1833, and now there 
are two churches in that city, one each in Orono, Oldtown, 
and Winn, and that on Indian Oldtown island. There 
are now five priests, and about 8,000 connected with the 
churches. The convent of the Sisters of Mercy was 
founded in Bangor in 1865. 

OTHER EARLY RELIGION. 

Public worship and religious addresses were sustained 
by the colonists, and chaplains were stationed generally 
at the forts. A reason given, in 1768, for having one 
at a fort on the river (Fort Pownall), was that he was 
needed to preach to the settlers, in the audience of the 
Indians, and to ensure peace with them; and also "be- 
cause there was no minister of the Gospel within a circle 
of 100 miles diameter, now generally peopled, though 
but thinly." From 1774 to 1779, John Herbert, the first 
physician in Bangor, was an exhorter at religious meet- 
ings, and in the winter taught schools. The first minis- 
ter that preached statedly was the Rev. Mr. Knowles, 
from Cape Cod, who, about 1780-83, was with the peo- 
ple scattered along the banks of the river from Frankfort 
to Bangor. 

CONGREGATIONALISM. 

The Rev. Seth Noble, a Congregational minister, a 
native of Westfield, Massachusetts, who had done 
patriot service in Nova Scotia, and was compelled to flee 
from thence because of his sympathy with New England 
in the Revolutionary struggle, and was afterwards at 
Machias, came to Bangor in 1786, and was engaged by 

* By Elnathan F. Duren, Esq., of Bangor. 



the people as a settled religious teacher and preacher, at 
^100 per year. He was installed September 10, 1786, 
under some ancient oaks, near the corner of Clate and 
Washington streets, Bangor. Rev. Daniel Little, of 
Wells, who had performed missionary work in Bangor 
and vicinity at different times, was deputed by the church 
in Wells, "without the great trouble and expense of con- 
vening a council," to induct him into office. He gave 
him the charge and the right hand of fellowship. Mr. 
Noble preached the sermon. He remained five years, 
and died in Ohio in 1807. 

The first Congregational church organized was at 
Bangor, September g, 1800. The Rev. James Boyd was 
pastor, and died two years after. The first deacons 
were William Boyd and Isaac Robinson. 

In 1825, when the Penobscot Congregational Con- 
ference was organized at Brownville, then in Penobscot 
county, there were three ministers, eight churches, and 
400 members. In 1879 there were fourteen ministers, 
fifteen churches, and 1,786 members. 

The Maine Missionary Society, organized in 1807, 
employed missionaries, who labored in various parts of 
the county. Fathers Jotham Sewall and John Sawyer 
were among the pioneers. The former was at Bangor 
and Orrington in 1811, and in other parts of the county 
in 1828, 1834, and 1840-45; the latter in Gailand and 
vicinity in 1811-19, '""id in that neighborhood chiefly 
1824-30. The Theological Seminary in Bangor has 
provided many missionaries and ministers to the county, 
who have labored in churches of different denominations. 

METHODISM. 

In 1793, Rev. Jesse Lee, from Virginia, the Methodist 
apostle of England, came to Maine, and on September 
9th, of that year, spent a month in missionary work along 
the Penobscot river, and went to Lynn, Massachusetts. 
In January, 1794, he came again as far as Orono, hold- 
ing meetings along the route, and returned by way of 
the Kennebec to Portland. In 1795 Rev. Joshua Hall, 
of the New London Conference, Connecticut, organized 
societies in the county. In 1799 Rev. Timothy Merrill 
was on the Hampden Circuit, and preached in Bangor. 
In 1878 the number of local preachers was twenty; itin- 
erant ministers, thirteen; members, 1,700; probationers, 

SOO- 
THE BAPTISTS. 

The first Baptist church in the county was organized 
at Etna, in 1807, with thirteen members, by Rev. John 
Chadbourne, of Shapleigh. Maine, who was the first mis- 
sionary of the denomination in the county, and labored 
in the new settlements of Etna and Carmel. Paul Rug- 
gles was elected deacon, afterwards ordained as a minis- 
ter, and labored in the county. The Rev. Jason Liver- 
more, then preaching in Mount Ephraim (now Swanville 
and Prospect), came as an associate with Mr. Chad- 
bourne, and they extended their labors into Hermon and 
Hampden. A church in Hampden was organized in 
1809, with thirty-six members; Daniel Vose, deacon. 
The Baptist Missionary Convention have sustained mis- 
sionaries in some fields, from 1804. The number of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



177 



members in the churches at their organization was 250. 
In 182 1 there were six local preachers and six travelling 
preachers. In 1878 there were twenty-four churches, 
thirteen ministers, and 1,766 members. 

THE FREE BAPTISTS. 

The first efforts of the Free Baptist denomination 
were made in Dixmont about 1809. A church was or- 
ganized at Garland in 1824; Dixmont and Newburg in 
1825; Bradford, 1827; Corinna, 1828; Bangor, 1835. 
There are now (1878) twenty-five churches, twenty min- 
isters, and 1,070 members. 

EPISCOP.\CV. 

The first Episcopal church in the county was or- 
ganized at Bangor in 1834. A church in Winn was 
formed in 1869; in Dexter and Exeter, 1S72; in Old- 
town and Milford in 1873. 

UN1VERS.\LISM. 

The Universalist denomination have a church at 
Hampden, organized in 1825, and one in Bangor, dating 
from 1838. They have societies also in Dexter, Edding- 
ton, Hermon, Kenduskeag, Orono, and Oldtown. 

OTHER CHURCHES. 

The Unitarian church at Bangor was formed March 
^5, 1818. 

The new church, Swedenborgian, was organized in 1840. 

The Christian denomination formed their first churches 
in Exeter and Newport, in 1815. In the county are 
sixteen churches, thirteen ministers, and 700 members. 

The Second Advent denomination had its beginning 
in this county about 1842-43. Ministers, twelve; mem- 
bers, 300. 

The Penobscot Bible Society was organized in 1828. 
The work of distribution of the Bible was continued in 
the county by the Bangor Young Men's Bible Society, 
organized in December, 1843. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

THE BANGOR THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.' 
The Beginnings — The Maine Charity School — Eslablislied at Hamp- 
den — Fuller Organization — Removal to Bangor — The Early Professors 
— The Seminary Buildings — First Anniversary — Embarrassments — 
Changes of Plan — Dr. Pond and other New Professors — Financial 
Affairs — .An Additional Professor — More Changes — Dr. Talcott 
Comes — The Seminary Saved — The Seminary Chapel — Another 
Professor Added — Hopes and Trials — Acknowledgments to Bene- 
factors — The Work of the Seminary — Donors to Furnished Rooms — 
Professors from the First--The Trustees — Distinguished Graduates. 

BEGINNINGS. 

The year 1820 was, on several accounts, a remarkable 
year. This was the two-hundredth anniversary of the 

•By the Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D., of the Seminary, from his His- 
torical .Address at the Semi-centennial .Anniversary in 1870, by permis- 
sion. The lucid paragraphs of the venerable Doctor stop with that 
headed ".Acknowledgments to Benefactors." He has also no respon- 
sibility for the sub-headings of the chapter. 



landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. It was the year 
when Maine from being a Territory became a State. It 
was the year when the great Sandwich Islands Mission 
was sent forth, which has resulted in transforming a 
heathen and savage people into a civilized and Christian 
nation. This was the year when Colby University in 
this State was instituted, and when the first anniversary 
of the Bangor Theological Seminary was celebrated. 

The founders of this seminary were led to undertake 
its establishment from a deep conviction of its necessity. 
This is evident from the following passage in one of their 
earliest publications: "In an almost continuous range of 
settlements, extending from the Connecticut to the St. 
Croix River, there are at least 200,000 souls either en- 
tirely or in a great measure destitute of well-instructed re- 
ligious teachers. This numerous and rapidly increasing 
population must waste away for successive generations in 
all the darkness of religious ignorance and the guilt of 
sin, unless immediate, extraordinary, and vigorous exer- 
tions shall be made to enlighten and save them." 

This scene of wide-spread moral desolation could not 
be viewed with indifference by such as understood the 
value of religious institutions. The aflecting necessities 
of so many of their fellow-creatures became the theme 
of frequent conversation and prayer to benevolent indi- 
viduals in the then District of Maine, and led at length 
to the adoption of measures calculated to afford relief. 

THE MAINE CHARITY SCHOOL. 

As early as iS 10 an association was formed in Port- 
land called "The Society for Promoting Theological Ed- 
ucation." It was designed to afford aid to indigent 
young men in obtaining an education for the gospel min- 
istry, with a view principally to the supply of the newly- 
settled parts of Maine. This was one of the earliest 
education societies in the United States. It was incor- 
porated in 181 2, soon after which vigorous measures 
were taken to carry into effect the principal object of 
the society. 

After much thought and a somewhat extended corres- 
pondence, not only in this country but in England, it 
was concluded that this object could not be obtained 
without the establishment of a literary and theological 
institution. Accordingly a committee was appointed by 
the directors of the society, with instructions to establish 
as speedily as possible the proposed seminary. Through 
the efforts of this committee a charter was obtained from 
the Legislature of Massachusetts in February, 18 14, des- 
ignating certain individuals as "Trustees of the Maine 
Charity School," — for this was then, and is now, the 
legal title of the Institution, — and clothing them with 
the most ample [wwers. It may be questioned whether 
an instrument of more liberal import or of greater value 
was ever given to a public institution. 

By the provisions of the charter the number of trus- 
tees is limited to fifteen, who are to have perpetual suc- 
cession, with power to fill vacancies in their board. 
They may hold property to an amount sufficient to pro- 
duce a clear annual income of $15,000. They may es- 
tablish a seminary for literary and religious purposes, on 



178 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



any principle, and to any extent which seems to them 
necessary in order to carry into effect the design of the 
founders, and are vested with all the powers and privi- 
leges possessed by trustees of the most favored literary 
and benevolent institutions in New England. 

On the ground of this charter the trustees are com- 
petent, whenever they shall have the means, to establish 
not only a Theological Seminary, but an English or 
Classical School, a Teachers' Seminary, or even a Col- 
lege, — anything of the kind which can be conducted 
with an income of $15,000 a year. 

The first meeting of the trustees was held in Mont- 
ville, Waldo county, at the house of Major Samuel 
Moor, in May, 1814, — when Rev. Edward Payson was 
elected President of the Board, Rev. Eliphalet Gillet, 
Vice-President, Rev. Kiah Bailey, Secretary, and Samuel 
E. Dutton, esq., of Bangor, Treasurer. 

OPENED AT H.\MPDEN. 

The founders of the proposed seminary might have 
located it in the western and more thickly settled part of 
Maine, but they determined, in military phrase, to 
march to the front, and plant it in the midst of those 
spiritual wastes which it was intended to build up. Ac- 
cordingly, a temporary arrangement was effected between 
them and the trustees of Hampden Academy; and the 
Seminary was opened at Hampden in October, 181 6. 
During the first year it was under the immediate instruc- 
tion and government of Mr. Jehudi Ashmun, the late 
devoted and deeply-lamented Colonial Agent at Liberia. 

FULLER ORGANIZATION. 

The Seminary was originally founded on the plan of 
the English dissenting institutions. It was intended 
chiefly for those who, in consideration of their age or 
other circumstances, wished to enter the ministry without 
a collegiate education. The prescribed course of study 
was literary and classical, as well as theological, and was 
expected to occupy four years. The studies of the first 
two years were to be chiefly classical ; those of the last 
two years were professional, including systematic and 
pastoral theology, ecclesiastical history, homiletics, etc. 

In June, 18 17, the Seminary was regularly organized 
according to this plan, and the several departments of 
instruction were filled. The Rev. Abijah Wines, of New- 
port, New Hampshire, was appointed Professor of The- 
ology, Mr. Jehudi Ashmun Professor of Classical Litera- 
ture, and Mr. Cheever Preceptor of the Preparatory 
School. 

It does not appear that the Seminary owned any build- 
ings or lands in Hampden. The students boarded and 
studied in private families, and recited in some part of 
the academy building. But in 1819 a lot of land con- 
taining about seven acres, favorably situated in Bangor, 
was given to the Seminary by the late Isaac Davenport, 
esq., of Milton, Massachusetts. This land — now so 
green and beautiful, covered with Seminary buildings and 
gardens, walks, and trees — was then pretty much in a 
state of nature, and was not, probably, of great value. 
It has since become of inestimable importance to the 
Seminary. 



REMOVAL TO BANGOR. 

In the autumn of 1819 — the year in which this plat of 
ground was secured — the seminary was removed from 
Hampden to Bangor. There were several bids for the 
Seminary among the towns, particularly Hampden, 
Castine, Brewer, and Buckspurt, but Bangor bid the 
highest, and this circumstance, together with the dona- 
tion of land, induced the trustees to plant it here. 

Bangor, though so favorably situated at the head of 
navigation on the Penobscot River, was then compara- 
tively a small place, containing only about 1,200 inhabit- 
ants. There was no meeting-house in the town, and 
never had been. The people were blessed with an ex- 
cellent minister. — the Rev. Harvey Loomis, — who 
preached first in a hall over a store at City Point, and 
then in what was afterwards called the old court-house. 

THE EARLY PROFESSORS. 

The same year in which the Seminary was removed 
to Bangor, Professors Wines and Ashmun resigned their 
places, and were no longer connected with the institu- 
tion. After leaving the Seminary, Professor Wines 
labored some twelve years in connection with the Con- 
gregational church and society on Deer Island. In the 
last years of his life his reason became impaired, and he 
died in the asylum at Soraerville, Massachusetts, in 
1833. Professor Wines was chiefly distinguished as a 
theologian of the Hopkinsian stamp. He was a plain, 
direct, and pungent, though not eloquent preacher. He 
had a high sense of the sacredness of the ministerial 
ofiice and of the importance of decision and fidelity in 
the execution of it. Tiiough a man of plain and simple 
habits, he had a large heart. He detested everything 
mean, sordid, or covetous. He cast his bread upon the 
waters, hoping — whether it returned to him or not — that 
it might be a means of salvation to perishing men. 

The career of Mr. Ashmun, after leaving the Seminary, 
is so well known, and his character has been so fully ex- 
iiibited by his eloquent biographer. Dr. Gurley, that 
little need be added here. Suffice to say that, after vari- 
ous enterprises and vicissitudes, he embarked for Africa 
in June, 1822. On his arrival at Liberia, he became 
principal agent for the colony; in which office he con- 
tinued to labor — through evil report and good report, 
but with an unshaken confidence in the goodness of 
the cause — for about six years. Worn out, at length, 
with toils and anxieties, and with repeated attacks of 
disease, Mr. Ashmun returned to this country in the 
summer of 1828. But he came home to die. He sur- 
vived only a few weeks, and his remains lie interred at 
New Haven, Connecticut. A simple but beautiful monu- 
ment has been erected over them by the managers of 
the American Colonization Society, bearing the simple 
name of "Ashmun." This monument will perish; but 
the name of Ashmun never. It is indelibly engraven on 
the heart of Africa. 

By the resignation of Professors Wines and Ashmun, 
the Seminary was bereft of both its instructors. But the 
vacancies were soon supplied. In March, 1820, the 
Rev. John .Smith was inaugurated Professor of The- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK. 



'79 



olog)', and Rev. Bancroft Fowler as Professor of Classical 
Literature; and the Seminary went into operation in its 
new location, Bangor. 

THE SEMINARY BUILDINGS. 

The institution had received, as I have stated, a desir- 
able plat of ground, but it had no buildings as yet, either 
for teachers or pupils. The professors lived each in his 
own hired house, and the students studied and boarded 
as they had done at Hampden, in private families. For 
a time they met for recitations and worship in the old 
court-house, and then a room was hired for them in a 
brick house on Main street belonging to Mr. Ale.xander 
Savage. It stood on the spot now occupied by Dr. J- 
C. White's elegant new block of stores. 

On the 2d of August, 1820, was the first anniversary 
of the Seminary in Bangor, when six young men received 
diplomas and went forth into the world as ministers of 
Christ. Only two of tliem are now living. The vener- 
able Elijah Jones, more than forty years pastor of the 
church in Minot and for many years a trustee of the 
Seminary, was one of them. 

The first building erected for the Seminary in Bangor 
was called a chapel. It was occupied by the preparatory 
school, and also for recitations and worship by the theo- 
logical students. It was built in 1823, and stood on the 
south side of Hammond street, in what is now Vice- 
President Hamlin's garden. It was a great convenience 
to the infant Seminary; but after several years it took fire 
and was consumed. 

The next building erected was called the "Commons 
House," and was finished in 1827. It was intended as a 
boarding house for students, and also to furnish them 
with studies and dormitories. It continued to be so oc- 
cupied for about ten years, — until the large brick edifice 
was erected, — when the "Commons House" was re-mod- 
elled and made into two professors' houses. It has been 
occupied by two of the professors and their families to 
the present time. 

CHANGES OF PROFESSORS. 

In 1825 Professor Fowler resigned his office and re- 
turned to the labors of the ministry. He was a ripe 
scholar, had been a tutor in two colleges, and a pastor at 
Windsor, Vermont, before coming to the Seminary. 
After leaving the Seminary he was settled and dismissed 
three times. He was a good writer of sermons, but his 
manner in the pulpit was not agreeable, and therefore, as 
a preacher, he was not popular. He did not pass with 
the public for what he was worth. He died at Stock- 
bridge, Massachusetts, April 5, 1856, having sustained an 
excellent Christian character to the last. 

Professor Fowler was succeeded by the Rev. George 
E. Adams. He had been a teacher in the Seminary for 
a year or more, and was elected to the professorship of 
sacred literature in 1827. He continued in office 
about two years. In December, 1S29, much to the re- 
gret of the trustees and of all the friends of the institu- 
tion. Professor Adams resigned his place, and entered 
on the duties of the pastoral office at Brunswick, where 
— I had almost said — he still remains; where, could the 



wishes of his friends prevail, he would remain to the end 
of his days.* 

The late Dr. Smith continued in ofifice as professor of 
theology till his death, which occurred in the spring of 
1831. He was a sound and able divine, a clear-headed, 
warm-hearted, devout, and good man. He was a native 
of Belchertown, Massachusetts, a graduate of Dartmouth 
co<lege, and a student in theology of the late Dr. Em- 
mons, of Franklin. He was greatly respected wherever 
known; and the trustees of the Seminary have left upon 
their records a merited testimonial of his worth. His 
end was remarkably peaceful. His only anxiety on leav- 
ing the world was for his beloved Seminary, and the last 
intelligible words that he was heard to utter were those 
of prayer on its behalf. "God bless the Seminary. Thou 
wilt bless it and keep it ; I give it up to Thee. I can do 
no more for it. Thou canst do all things." 

These anxieties of the dying professor were not alto- 
gether without reason. He knew the situation in which 
he was about to leave the Seminary. Without an in- 
structor, he presumed, of course, that the students would 
soon be scattered; and when they should again be col- 
lected and the course of instructions be resumed, no one 
could tell. He felt, however, that to leave it in the hands 
of God was infinitely safe. He could trust it there, and 
he would trust it nowhere else. 

EMBARRASSMENTS. 

The Seminary had now been in operation more than a 
dozen years, and the principal changes through which it 
had passed have been briefly sketched. Its greatest em- 
barrassments all the way had been of a pecuniary char- 
acter. It is painful to read the records of the trustees, 
and see to what straits they were often reduced. The 
struggle, at times, was one of life or of death. In De- 
cember, 1830, the trustees voted "that unless means for 
the future support of the Seminary shall be obtained be- 
fore the ist of September next, it will then be expedient 
to suspend instruction in the theological department, until 
such means shall have been secured." Nevertheless, the 
Seminary was not suspended. The course of instruction 
was continued till the decease of Dr. Smith ; and, up to 
that time, more than sixty young men had received diplo- 
mas, besides a considerable number who had left the in- ' 
stitution before their term of study was closed. The 
greater part of these have finished their course. But 
some are still with us, are with us here to-day, occupying 
important stations in the church, an honor to their pro- 
fession and to the Seminary, and blessings to the world. 
Sen ill aclum rcdeant. 

CHANGES OF PLAN. 

I have said already that this Seminary was instituted on 
the plan of the dissenting colleges in England, having a 
four years' course of study, — the first two chiefly classical, 
and the last two theological. Up to the year 1827 the 
Seminary had been conducted on this plan, but in that 
year it underwent an important change. The classical 
department was separated from the theological; the terms 
of admission to the Seminary were raised; and the course 

* Dr. Adams is about to remove to Orange, New Jersey. 



i8o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



of study and the period of it were made similar to those 
of the older seminaries in the United States. Indigent 
students, who before had been supported from Seminary 
funds, were now received as beneficiaries of the Ameri- 
can Education Society. Many excellent individuals, who 
before had stood aloof from it and doubted as to the 
wisdom of its operations, from this time became its de- 
cided friends. 

In this year, also, another change took place. The 
trustees of the Seminary invited the General Confer- 
ence of our churches to send a committee year by year 
to visit the institution, to look into its affairs, to attend 
its anniversary exercises, and to make report as to its 
condition and prospects. The invitation was accepted, 
and from that time to the present a board of visitors 
has been regularly appointed. This arrangement we 
have regarded as one of great importance. It connects 
the Seminary with the churches, and brings it under 
their direct supervision. Should anything wrong be done 
at the Seminary, or any error or irregularity be tolerated, 
the case would be at once reported to the churches, 
where it might be corrected. 

The death of Dr. Smith, in the spring of 1831, left the 
Seminary without an instructor, and for several months 
(aside from the classical school) there was no public in- 
struction here. But in the autumn of this same year 
(1831) the Rev. Alvan Bond, of Sturbridge, Massachu- 
setts, was elected Professor of Sacred Literature ; and be- 
fore winter he was on the ground with his family, and 
commenced giving instruction in that department. 

NEW PROFESSORS. 

In the following spring the Rev. Enoch Pond, of 
Cambridge, Massachusetts, was elected Professor of The- 
ology, and entered upon his duties in June, 1832. 

The prospects of these new professors, at the time, were 
not flattering. The Seminary was without funds, though 
not without debts; the library consisted of but a few hun- 
dred volumes; and the students were chiefly scattered. 
But the institution had a good charter, it was favorably 
located, and the necessity for it was deeply felt. And 
some things took place almost immediately to give en- 
• couragement. The late Mrs. Phebe Lord, of Kenne- 
bunkport, — a name never to be spoken but with honor, — 
gave a thousand dollars to increase the library ; and, at 
its annual meeting in June, 1832, our General Confer- 
ence voted to raise $30,000, in four annual instalments, 
to increase the Seminary funds. This money was chiefly 
paid, and with it our large and commodious brick edifice 
was erected for the convenience of students, and the 
current expenses of the institution were borne. 

A principal anxiety of the new professors at this time 
was on the question of students. Under the previous 
administration no college graduates had been connected 
with the Seminary, and it was feared that they would turn 
from it in future. But this anxiety was soon relieved. 
In 1833 several college students entered; and, in the 
autumn of 1834, out of a class of nineteen, seven were 
graduates of Bowdoin College. Among the graduates 
who first entered were Henry Storer, Franklin Yeaton, 



Cyrus Hamlin, Benjamin Tappan, jr.. Ebenezer G. Par- 
sons, Samuel C. Fessenden, Albert Cole, and Charles C. 
Taylor. I mention the names of these brethren that I 
may express to them publicly, or to such of them as are 
still living, the obligation which the Seminary is under to 
them for the stand which they took on this occasion. 
They did it certainly under some sacrifice of feeling. 
They did it from a sense of duty and for the public good, 
and they actually did more to advance the interests of 
the Seminary, at that time, than though they had given 
us thousands of dollars. They set an example which had 
influence; they turned the incoming tide in our favor; 
and, from that time to this, the question of students has 
given us but little trouble. 

The only circumstance which, at this period, seemed 
to cast a cloud over the prospects of the Seminary was 
the failure of Professor Bond's health; which, much to 
his own sorrow and that of the trustees, constrained him 
to resign his office. This event took place in the spring 
of 1835. He was afterwards settled in the ministry at 
Norwich, Connecticut, and has proved himself to be a 
most faithful and devoted pastor. He still lives to labor 
for Christ, though not in the active duties of the ministry. 

The vacancy occasioned by Professor Bond's resigna- 
tion was soon and happily filled. In June, 1835, Rev. 
Leonard Woods, jr., of New York, was elected Professor 
of Sacred Literature, and entered on the duties of his of- 
fice in the autumn. 

FINANCIAL. 

This year also was signalized by the largest subscrip- 
tion to the funds of the Seminary that had ever been 
made. In conformity with a resolution of the General 
Conference of our churches, passed in June, 1835, an ef- 
fort was made to raise one hundred thousand dollars, to 
be paid in four annual instalments, for the purpose of 
completing the endowment of the Seminary. This prop- 
osition was met with unexampled liberality. One gentle- 
man in Bangor subscribed between sixteen and seven- 
teen thousand dollars; another, seven thousand; another, 
four thousand; several, two thousand; and many men in 
Bangor, Portland, and other places subscribed a thousand 
dollars each. Within six months after the resolution was 
passed, the whole sum, and more than all, was sub- 
scribed. 

The friends of the Seminary supposed at that time, 
that its endowment was complete, and that its pecuniary 
embarrassments were at an end. But subsequent events 
soon showed the instability of human affairs, and how 
little dependence can be placed upon the brightest earthly 
prospects. This great subscription was raised in a time 
of speculation and of high fancied and seeming prosper- 
ity. In the pecuniary reverses which followed, and the 
consequent depreciation of almost all kinds of property, 
many individuals who had subscribed liberally and in 
good faith, found themselves unable to meet their en- 
gagements, or even to pay their honest debts. The sub- 
scription, therefore, was greatly impaired, and the Serai- 
nary was thrown back into necessities and straits. 

Of the suDscription of 1835, not much more than a 
third was ever realized. And what was paid came not 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



iSi 



promptly at the time specified, so that it could be calcu- 
lated on and invested. It was paid irregularly, as individ- 
uals were able, and as property could be sold and con. 
verted into money. Still, the subscription was a great 
blessing to the Seminary. It enabled the trustees to erect 
and furnish buildings, to make additions to the library, 
and to meet the current expenses of the institution during 
the years of pecuniary revulsion and distress which fol- 
lowed the expansion of 1835. Without it, it is hard to 
see how the Seminary could have been kept in operation 
during those distressing times. 

AN ADDITIONAL PROFESSOR. 

Until the year 1836 there had been but two professors 
in the Seminary, — one of theology and one of sacred 
literature. In July of this year the Rev. George Shep- 
ard, of Hallowell, was elected Professor of Sacred Rhet- 
oric. The supposed endowment on which he was ap- 
pointed failed ; but the Professor did not fail. He entered 
upon his duties the succeeding autumn, and was an 
inestimable blessing to the Seminary. In the same year 
(1836) a large and commodious boarding-house was 
erected, containing not only accommodations for board, 
but rooms for the convenience of students in case of 
sickness. 

MORE CHANGES. 

At this time a change was made in the manner of 
boarding students, — one which has since been copied by 
several other institutions. Instead of hiring a steward 
to take charge of the new house and board the students 
at a price, the whole was put into the hands of the stu- 
dents to manage it for themselves. They hire a matron 
to do their work, make their own purchases, regulate 
their bill of fare, and assess the expense. This plan has 
worked admirably from year to year. The boarders 
have none to complain of now but themselves. 

Up to this time, almost from the first, there had been 
a Classical School in connection with the Seminary, 
where students were prepared for theological studies 
without a collegiate education. As it had been sustained 
at considerable expense to the Seminary, and as the 
necessity for it had comparatively ceased, it was no 
longer continued. 

DR. TALCOTT COMES. 

In August, 1839, Professor Woods was induced to 
resign his office, and accept the presidency of Bowdoin 
College. On the same day on which his resignation was 
accepted the Rev. Daniel Smith Talcott, of Newbury- 
port, was chosen his successor. Professor Talcott soon 
entered upon the discharge of his duties, and was inau- 
gurated at the anniversary of 1840. I hardly need say 
that he has continued in office — greatly to the comfort 
of his colleagues and the credit of the institution — to 
the present time.* 

THE SEMINARY SAVED. 

I have said that the endowment of the professorship 
of sacred rhetoric, made in 1835-36, failed. The 
subscriptions were not paid, and could not be. Owing 

•Professor Talcott resigned his chair in 1880, but continues to reside 
•n Bangor. 



to this cause, in part, but more to the personal celebrity 
of Professor Shepard, he was repeatedly assailed with 
invitations to remove to more imposing and lucrative 
positions. The most formidable of these assaults was 
made in the spring of 1847, when he was urged by the 
offer of a very large salary to become pastor of the Pil- 
grim Church and Society, in Brooklyn, New York. 
Professor Shepard had pledged himself to go, unless his 
professorship could be speedily and solidly endowed ; 
and a large committee had come from Brooklyn to see 
that the separation was effected. Under these circum- 
stances, it was necessary that the friends of the Semi- 
nary should bestir themselves, and so they did; and in the 
course of one week a sufficient amount was raised, 
chiefly by the liberality of friends in Bangor, to en- 
dow the professorship. I have ever regarded those sub- 
scribers, and especially the Hon. George W. Pickering, 
who, almost without solicitation, pledged and secured 
$5,000, as entitled to the credit of saving the Seminary. 
For if Professor Shepard had resigned at that time, the 
other professors would have done the same, and the 
Seminary, to all human appearance, had been irrecover- 
ably ruined; but the subscription was raised, and the 
institution was saved. And only two years afterwards, 
in 1849, another subscription of $34,000 was raised, for 
the purpose of endowing the other two professorships. In 
the same year, too, legacies to the amount of $12,000 
were received from the late Waldo family of Worcester. 
The sum of $8,000 — making $20,000 in all — had been 
previously received from that excellent family. One of 
our professorships now bears, and some one of them we 
hope may ever bear, the honored name of Waldo. 

THE SE.MINARV CHAPEL. 

In the summer of 1859 the Seminary Chapel was ded- 
icated. This had long been needed, and has proved an 
inestimable blessing to the Seminary. It was erected, at 
an expense of more than $12,000, through the efforts of 
a society of ladies in Bangor. In reporting to the Gen- 
eral Conference this great achievement of the ladies, the 
visiting committee for 1859 say: "God bless the ladies 
of Bangor who started this enterprise, and the ladies 
throughout the State, and elsewhere, who have been 
helping to move it on ! They are entitled to all the credit 
of this noble undertaking. 'The Corban Society' shall 
be held in remeuibrance wherever Bangor Seminary is 
known. Many daughters have done virtuously, but these 
have excelled them all." 

ANOTHER PROFESSOR ADDED. 

In the autumn of 1854 Professor Pond, having dis- 
charged the duties of two professorships, viz., those 
of systematic theology and of ecclesiastical history, 
for more than twenty years, requested that he might be 
released from one of them, and as he earnestly desired, 
while he lived, to see the professorship of theology satis- 
factorily provided for, he proposed himself to relinquish 
that, and to confine his instructions in future to the de- 
partment of history. His proposition was acceded to, 
and in the sjiring of 1855 the Rev. Samuel Harris, of 
Pittsfield, Massachusetts, was elected to the chair of 



l82 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



theology. This appointment was accepted, and at the 
following anniversary Professor Harris was inaugurated. 
At the same time Professor Pond was formally trans- 
ferred to the department of history, and constituted 
president of the faculty. 

The departments of instruction were now satisfactorily 
filled, and things seemed likely to move on without em- 
barrassment. But one serious mistake had been made, 
and this resulted ere long in difficulty. Professor Harris 
had been ajjpointed to the chair of theology, while as 
yet the professorship was not endowed, though it was 
expected that it soon would be. But this expectation 
was not realized, and the Seminary was running contin- 
ually in debt. This course of things went on until the 
years of 1S62 and 1863, when the amount of indebted- 
ness became alarming, and it was evident that something 
effectual must be done. And something -aias done. A 
subscription was opened which, in connection with lega- 
cies and certain large donations, entirely cleared the 
Seminary of debt and completed the endowment of the 
several professorships, as the salaries then were. A 
legacy of $10,000 was received from the estate of the 
late Dr. Jacob Hayes, of Charlestown, Massachusetts, 
which was appropriated to the professorship of sacred 
literature. A legacy of $3,000 was received from the 
estate of the late Mr. Hiram Fogg, accompanied w-ith a 
donation of $10,000 from his brother, William Fogg, 
esq., of New York, both of which sums were appro- 
priated to the professorship of sacred rhetoric. The 
sum of $16,000 was received from Richard P. Buck, 
esq., of Brooklyn, New York, which was appro[)riated to 
the professorship of theology. In consequence of these 
bequests and donations, it was decided that these pro- 
fessorships should, in all future time, beat the names of 
those who had so liberally contributed for their endow- 
ment. 

In the meantime $15,000 had been received from the 
late Ichabod Washburn, esq., of Worcester, to increase 
the fund for the assistance of indigent young men. 

HOPES AND TRIALS. 

The Seminary was now placed in a more favorable 
position than ever before. Its debts were paid; its pro- 
fessorships were filled and endowed; the number of 
students was increased; and its prospects in general were 
encouraging. 

But subsequent events showed that trials were still be- 
fore us. In the summer of 1866 Professor Harris was 
appointed President of Bowdoin College, and concluded, 
after a protracted struggle, to accept the appointment. 
He continued his instructions here till the spring of 1867, 
and then left for Brunswick. It was a sore trial to his 
colleagues and to the trustees to part with him; but his 
convictions of duty were clear, and naught remained to 
us but to give him our blessing and let him go. 

Scarcely had we passed this trial when another and 
greater affliction befell us. In the spring of 1868 the 
honored and beloved Professor Shepard, who had for 
months exhibited marks of decrepitude, was suddenly 
removed by death. Although it had been evident to us 



for some time that his work was done, the shock was a 
severe one and many tears were shed. I have not time 
here to dwell upon the character of Dr. Shepard, nor is 
this necessary. His works remain; and he has left a 
memorial in the hearts of all who knew him which can 
never be effaced. 

I have only to say further, that the vacancies occa- 
sioned by the removal of Dr. Harris and the decease of 
Dr. Shepard have been satisfactorily filled. In our dis- 
tress we sought direction from God, and our prayer was 
heard. We accept the successors of the eminent men 
who were removed from us as a treasure from the hand 
of God, which we greatly appreciate, and which we 
hope may long remain. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO BENEFACTORS. 

I cannot close this long, and, I fear, tedious detail, 
without recording our obligations to certain individuals, 
no longer with us, who loved the Seminary from the first, 
and who never ceased to pray and labor for it so long as 
they lived. Among these were Fathers Sewall, Sawyer, 
and Fisher, whose portraits adorn our chapel, and whose 
memory is dear to all our hearts. Then there was the 
Rev. Kiah Bailey, whose wife's charity-box received the 
first money that ever was given to Bangor Seminary. 
Then there was the late Rev. David Thurston and Dr. 
Tappan, who were always with us on occasions like the 
present, to counsel, to sympathize, and to bless. Among 
the departed laymen in this city there are some whose 
names must not be omitted. There was the late Judge 
Dutton, who was chiefly instrumental in procuring for us 
the grounds on which our Seminary building stands; 
also the late Mr. John Barker, who was a laborer for 
the Seminary more than fifty years ago, who was a liberal 
donor, and who started the great subscription of 1835. 
But especially would I mention the late Deacon Eliashib 
Adams, who was a trustee of the Seminary for almost 
forty years, who was its treasurer for a considerable part 
of this time, who never wearied in planning and labor- 
ing for its interests, and whose death was probably hast- 
ened by too great an effort on its behalf The names of 
these and other benefactors must never be forgotten so 
long as the Seminary in Bangor has a being. 

THE WORK OF THE SEJMINARV. 

The following statements are extracted from the Cat- 
alogue of the Seminary for 1881 : 

The course in exegesis includes tlie study of the Hebrew and Greek 
te.xts, with recitations, lectures on the Prmciples of Biblic.^l Criti- 
cism and Interpretation, on Hebrew Poetry, and other subjects con- 
nected with Bible literature, e.iegesis of select portions of the Old 
Testament, of the Gosjjels in harmony, and of one or more of the 
Epistles. During the Middle and Senior years the exegesis of the 
Epistles is continued, and some of the more difficult portions of the 
Old Testament Scriptures. 

The course in .Systematic Theology consists mainly in lectures and 
daily examinations. Essays and readings are assigned to enable the 
student to make his own acquaintance with the great minds of the past 
and to express his thoughts in his own way. The aim of this course is 
to lead the student through a thoughtful and independent investigation 
of Christian truth; to put him into the first lines of a theology which 
can be preached. 

The course in Church History is founded upon text-books (Free- 
man's General Sketch of History, Neander's History of the Chris- 
tian Religion and Church, Fisher's History of the Reformation), 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



■83 



with recitations and lectures. Special attention is paid to the 
history of the Constitution of the Church in its successive forms of de- 
velopment, and to the history of the doctrines of Christianity, as 
shaped by controversies and councils. Subjects of peculiar importance 
are reviewed and criticised by means of theses which are given to the 
cl.iss as topics for investigation and writing. 

The Horniletica! course combines practice with instruction, and, be- 
ginning in the junior year with study of the principles of reasoning, 
reciuires the construction of arguments and plans and the writing of 
essays. The drill in elocution continues through the middle year, and 
is designed to give thorough vocal practice, together with instruction 
in oratory and reading. The course in Homiletics proper, senior year, 
is given in lectures, and is accompanied by frequent e.xercises in extem- 
poraneous speaking and in the criticism and delivery of sermons. 

In the work in New Testament Greek, constant use is made of gram- 
mar and lexicon. The aim is to cultivate the habit of that critical 
study which is the foundation of a correct exegesis. The text-books 
required are a Greek Testament with the text ado])ted by the Bible 
Revision Committee, Hadley's Greek Grammar, Buttman's Grammar 
of New Testament Greek, and Robinson's Lexicon of the Greek Testa- 
ment. 

This Seminary is open to Christians of every denomination. Candi- 
dates for admission must be approved by the Examining Committee of 
the Faculty. They will be expected to produce testimony of their 
church-membership and of their education at some college or university. 
If they have not pursued a collegiate course, they will be examined, 
and must exhibit literary attainments which, as preparatory to theo- 
logical studies, are satisfactory to the Faculty. 

Those whose age or circumstances forbid the pursuit of the complete 
course of study, may, at the discretion of the Faculty, be admitted to 
the studies of the middle year, and continue their course with the full 
privileges of the Seminary. 

Each student is charged two dollars a year for incidental expenses. 
There is no other charge for tuition, room, library, or any privilege of 
the Seminary. 

The students generally board in the Boarding Association, for which 
a large and commodious boarding house is provided by the Trustees, 
furnished and free of rent. They hire a matron, regulate their bill of 
fare, make their purchases, and assess the amount upon themselves. 
The expense varies accordingly: but, including washing, it is materially 
less than the price of board alone at other boarding houses in the city. 

The dormitory has been thoroughly repaired and refitted. The 
rooms are carpeted, and furnished with beds, bedding, chairs, tables, and 
book-shelves. Nearly half of them have been furnished by the gener- 
osity of friends. The following is a list of the donors: — 

State street Church, Portland Room No. i 

Winter street Church, Bath " '* 2 

Mrs. Saimiel Pickard, Auburn " " 3 

Central Church, Bath " " 4 

Hammond Street Church, Bangor " " 5 

First Parish, Bangor '* *' 6 

Congregational Church, Bucksport. " " 7 

Congregational Church, South Freeport " " 9 

High street Church, Auburn " '* 13 

Central Church, Bangor " " 18 

Congregational Church, tiardiner " " 22 

First Church, Lowell, Massachusetts " " 24 

Congregational Church, Belfast *' " 26 

Congregational Church, .Augusta " " 28 

Congregational Church, Searsport '* '* 32 

Students who become beneficiaries of the American Education So- 
ciety will receive such aid as its funds allow. 

The Washburn fund and some other funds were given expressly to 
aid members of the Seminary. The income of these funds will be dis- 
tributed to those students whose circumstances require it, and will 
probably amount to about half the exijense of board. 

During the vacation, students licensed to preach are usually in de- 
mand, to be employed as missionaries of the Maitie Missionary Society, 
or as stated supplies; and other students who desire it, generally find 
remunerative employment as teachers or otherwise. During term time 
students often have opportunities to give instruction to private pupils 
in the city, and tnembers of the Senior class have frequent opportunities 
to receive compensation for preaching. 

A recent generous donation from the Central Church, in Bangor, 
has established a Post-graduate Scholarship of $i,ocx> in Bowdoin Col- 
lege, the income of which is appropriated to the aid of any student 
who, aftei graduating at the Seminary, desires to take a post-gradtiate 
year at the college. 



The members of the Seminary usually take a license to preach at the 
close of the Middle year. .And as it is believed to be conducive to the 
best professional training to combine practice with theory, they are en- 
couraged during the Senior year to preach as opportunity offers, pro- 
vided the prescribed exercises are not neglected. 

The Library contains fifteen thousand volumes. There is a perma- 
nent library fund of $10,000, the income of which is devoted to the 
purchase of books. Fresh additions are constantly made, with special 
reference to the needs of theological students. The library is also sup- 
plied with the leading reviews and journals, American and foreign. It 
is open daily. Sundays excepted. The reading-room is furnished with 
the best newspapers and with other periodicals, and is open at all 
times. 

The Rhetorical Society meets statedly for debates, addresses, and 
other exercises. The Society of Inquiry is in possession of a valuable 
cabinet. 

There is a general prayer meeting, held weekly: and there are also 
weekly class prayer meetings. The students attend worship at the 
churches in the city, where they are cordially welcomed. They are 
thus introduced into the Christian society of the city, and take part in 
the prayer meetings, tiie Sabbath schools, and missionary and benefi- 
cent work of the churches. This not only tends to promote spiritual 
growth, but breaks up the monotony and seclusion of scholastic life, 
and imparts social culture and practical experience. The Seminary is 
surrounded also by a wide missionary field whose destitutions crowd up 
almost to the limits of the city, and the students, during their course, 
can scarcely avoid being engaged more or less in missionary work. 

PROFESSORS. 

The professors of the Semnnary, from the beginning, 
have been as follows : 

S.^CREI5 LITERATURE. 
ELECTED. KK.SIGNEn OR DIED. 

1817 *Jehudi .■\shmun, .\. M., 1819 

1819 "Rev. Bancroft Fowler, A. M., 1825 

1827 *Rev. George E. .\dams, D. D., 1829 

1831 Rev. Alvan Bond, D. D., 1835 

1835 *Rev. Leonard Woods, jr., D. D., 1839 

1839 Rev. D. S. Talcott, D. D., 1881 

SYSTEM.^TIC THEOLOGY. 



1817 *Rev. Abijah Wines, A. M., 

i8ig *Rev. John Smith, D. D., 

1832 Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D., 

1855 Rev. Samuel Harris, D. D., 

1867 Rev, John R. Herrick, D. D., 

1873 Rev. William M. Barbour, D. D. , 

1877 Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, D. D. , pro tem. 

SACRF.D RHETORIC. 



1819 
1831 

185s 
1867 

1873 
1877 



1836 *Rev. George Shepard, D. D., 1868 

1869 Rev. William AL Barbour, D. D., 1875 
187s Rev. John S. Sewall, D. D. 

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 

1855 Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D., 1870 

1870 Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D. , Professor Emeritus. 
1870 Rev. Levi L. Paine, D. D. 

TRUSTEES. 

The following named gentlemen have been trustees of 
the institution : 

ELECTED. RESIGNED OR DIED. 

1814 *Rev. John Sawyer, D. D., 1859 

*Rev. Kiah Bailey, 1825 

♦Rev. Eliphalet Gillett, D. D., 1818 

♦Rev. William Jenks, D. D., 1819 

*Rev. Mighill Blood, 1852 

*Rev. Asa layman, 1816 

i860 



*Rev. David Thurston, 
*Rev. Harvey Loomis, 
*Hon. .Ammi R. Mitchell, 
♦Samuel E. Dutton, esq., 
♦Rev. Jonathan Fisher, 
♦Rev. Daniel Lovejoy, 
♦Rev. Edward Payson, D. D., 



1825 
1824 
1826 
•845 
1833 
1819 



"Deceased. 



i84 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



i8t6 



1846 
1825 
1856 
1825 
1832 
1832 
1849 
1845 
1863 
1827 
1850 
1838 
1834 
1837 
183s 
1849 
1838 
i860 
1876 
1869 
1850 

1855 
1867 

1873 



*Rev. Thomas Williams, 
*Rev. David M. Mitchell, 

1817 *Eliashib Adams, esq., 

1818 *Thomas Adams, esq. , 

1819 *Rev. John W. Eliinwood, D. D., 
*Daniel Pike, esq., 

1825 *Rev. Swan L. Pomroy, D. D., 
•Jacob McGaw, esq., 
*Rev. Benjamin Tappan, D. D., 
'Thomas A. Hill, esq., 

1826 *George W. Brown, esq., 

1827 *Rev. David M. Mitchell, 
1829 *Rev. Bennett Tyler, D. D. , 

1832 *George Starrett, esq., 

1833 *John Bradley, esq., 

1834 *John Barker, esq.. 

1835 'Rev. Joseph Vaill, 
*Rev. John Maltby, 

1837 ♦George W. Pickering, esq., 

1839 *Rev. Elijah Jones, 

1842 *William A. Crocker, esq., 

184s *John McDonald, esq., 

Adams H. Merrill, esq., 
1850 Rev. Stephen Thurston, D. D. 

*Rev. George E. .Adams, D. D. , 
George A. Thatcher, esq. , 
Joseph S. Wheelwright, esq. 
1852 *Samuel Pickard, esq., 

* Henry Darling, esq. , 
1856 *William H. Mills, esq., 

♦Rev. George B. Little, 
Rev. Wooster Parker. 
1859 ♦George Downes, esq., 

i860 Rev. J. W. Chickering. D. D., 

1864 'Rev. Richard WoodhuU, 

1866 Rev. Alfred E. Ives. 
Rev. Lyman S. Rowland, 

1867 Richard P. Buck, esq. 
Samuel D. Thurston, esq. 

1868 Rev. Benjamin Tappan. 

1869 'Simon Page, esq.. 

Rev. Stephen H. Hayes. 
1872 Rev. S. P. Fay. 

1874 Rev. John O. Fiske, D. D. 

Isaac M. Bragg, esq. 

1876 Hon. Nelson Dingley, jr. 

1877 John L. Crosby, esq. 
1879 WiUiam E. Gould, esq. 

DISTINGUISHED GRADUATES. 

Among the professors and graduates of the Seminary 
have been some of the most eminent divines in the 
American pulpit and missionaries from the American 
church to foreign lands. The professors in service here 
from time to time have aheady been named. Among 
the alumni are the following: 

In the class of 1824, Rev. Stephen Thurston, I). D., 
of Searsport. 

1837. Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, D. D., Missionary to 
Turkey, and President of Robert College, Constantino- 
ple; Rev. Benjamin Tappan, D. D., of Norridgewock. 

1839. Rev. Thomas F. Curtis,* D. D., Professor of 
Theology, Lewisburg University, South Carolina; Revs. 
Daniel Dole,* and John D. Paris, missionaries to the 
Sandwich Islands. 

1840. Rev. Uriah Balkam,* D. D., Professor of 
Theology, Bates College, Lewiston; Rev. Joseph Blake, 
D. D., Gilmanton, New Hampshire; Rev. Elias Bond, mis- 
sionary to the Sandwich Islands; Rev. William W. Rand, 
editor for the American Tract Society, New York. 

* Deceased. 



1872 
1874 
1867 
i860 

1871 
1866 
1873 

1867 



1878 



1 84 1. Rev. Robert Wyman,* missionary to Ceylon. 

1842. Rev. John C. Fiske, D. D., of Bath. 

1849. Rev. George W. Dunmore,* missionary to 
Turkey, and Rev. Benjamin G. Snow,* missionary to 
Micronesia. 

1850. Rev. Edwin B. Webb, D. D., of Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

1852. Rev. Edwin A. Breck, city missionary in Fall 
River, Massachusetts ; Rev. Stephen R. Dennen, D. D., 
New Haven, Connecticut; Rev. Thomas H. Rich, pro- 
fessor in Bates College; Rev. Curby H. Wheeler, mis- 
sionary to Turkey. 

1853. Rev. Horatio G. Butterfield, D. D., late Pres- 
ident of Olivet College, Michigan. 

1854. Rev. Franklin B. Doe, Superintendent of the 
American Home Missionary Society; Rev. Jotham 
Bradbury Sewall, Head-master Thayer Academy, South 
Braintree, Massachusetts. 

1855. General Joshua L. Chamberlain, LL. D., late 
Governor of Maine, now President of Bowdoin College. 

1857. Rev. Milan P. Hitchcock, missionary to Tur- 
key. 

1858. Rev. Jonathan E. Adams, Secretary of Maine 
Missionary Society; Rev. Edward Hawes, D. D., New 
Haven, Connecticut; Rev. John S. Sewall, D. D., Pro- 
fessor in Bangor Theological Seminary; Rev. Edward 
P. Tenney, President of Colorado College, Colorado 
Springs, Colorado. 

1859. Rev. Edwin P. Parker, D. D., Hartford, Con- 
necticut. 

i860. Professor Samuel D. Bowker, Topeka, Kan- 
sas; Professor John W. Chickering, National Deaf-mute 
College, Washington, District of Columbia. 

1862. Rev. Americus Fuller, missionary to Turkey. 

1863. Rev. Joseph P. Green, missionary to the 
Sandwich Islands; Rev. Cyrus Stone, D. D., Bangor. 

1868. Revs. Royal M. Cole and John E. Pierce, 
missionaries to Turkey. 

1869. Professor Henry L. Chapman, Professor in 
Bowdoin College. 

187 1. Rev. R. Henry Davis, missionary to Japan ; 
Rev. Joseph E. Walker, missionary to China. 

Many who were students at the Seminary, but did not 
remain to graduate, have also risen to distinction in 
various walks of professional life. Among them are 
the Rev. Ephraim W. Clark,* missionary to the Sand- 
wich Islands; Rev. Augustus Walker, missionary to 
Turkey; Rev. Orson P. Allen, missionary to Turkey; 
Rev. Henry Blodget, D. D., missionary to China; Rev. 
Charles W. Park, missionary to India; Rev. John Oliver 
Means, D. D., F. R. G. S., Recording Secretary of the Am- 
erican Bpard of Foreign Missions; the Hon. Owen Love- 
joy* formerly Member of Congress from the Princeton 
district, Illinois; John H. C. Coffin, Professor of Mathe- 
matics in the Naval Observatory at Washington; Rev. 
Henry B. Smith,* D. D., Professor in Union Theologi- 
cal Seminary, New York city; Charles E. Lord, LL. D., 
Professor in the Talmage Institute, Brooklyn, New York; 

♦ Deceased. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1S5 



Theophiliis C. Abbott, LL. D., President of the State 
Agricultural College, at Lansing, Michigan; Professor 
William J. Maltby, of Bowdoin College; and General 
Charles H. Howard, of Chicago. 

The whole number of graduates, to and including the 
year 1880, was 502; of students not graduated, 160; 
total, 662. To the former aggregate should be added 
the 10 graduates of 1881. Of the students and gradu- 
ates to 1880, 212 were known to be dead; 450 were 
sup))osed to be living. The Seminary has had a noble 
past; it will have a yet nobler future. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

THE PRESS IN PENOBSCOT COUNTY." 

The Bangor Weekly Register — Bangor Register — Tlie Penobscot 
Gazette — The Eastern Republican — The Clarion— The Penobscot 
Journal — The Bangor Courier — The Daily Whig and Courier — The 
Penobscot Freeman — The Daily Commercial Advertiser — The Peo- 
ple's Press — The Mechanic and Farmer — The Eastern Magazine, 
aflenvards The Maine Monthly Magazine — The Bangorean — The 
Bangor Journal — The Bangor Democrat — The Bangor Daily Union 
— The Bangor Gazette — The Platform — The Expositor — The Bangor 
Post — Tile Bangor Daily Mercury — The Daily Journal — The JefTer- 
sonian — The Jefferson Daily Evening News — The Daily Evening 
Times — The Spirit Guardian — The Daily Bee — Burr's Fifty-cent 
Monthly — The Daily Commercial — The Dexter Gazette — The Old- 
town Index. 

The first issue of a newspaper in Bangor was on 
November 25, 1815. It was styled the 

B.ANGOR WEEKLY REGISTER. 

The Register was published by Peter Eeds. It was 
not partisan in politics. It had no particular editor, 
consequently it had no soul. Newspaper publishers 
could not afford to pay for newspaper souls in that day; 
it was as much as they could do to keep the body alive, 
let alone "keeping soul and body together." The town 
of Bangor then contained about 1,000 inhabitants, and 
it is not to be wondered at if the Register was not any 
better than other journals of its day. It w-as a medium 
however, through which writers could communicate with 
the public, and matters of State and National moment 
were discussed in its columns. A topic which occupied 
a large space in them, through many numbers, was the 
separation of Maine from Massachusetts. The weight 
of the argument, and the vote of Bangor, was in favor 
of the separation. Mr. Edes continued his connection 
with the Register until December 25, 1817, when he dis- 
posed of it to James Burton, jr., who changed the name 
of the paper to 

* By Hon. John E. Godfrey, of Bangor. From the History of 

the Press of Maine, by the late Griffin, esq., by permission 

of his legal representatives. Re-printed with additions to date. 



B.\NGOR REGISTER. 

Mr. Burton continued to publish it alone until January 
4, 1826, when he associated with himself John S. Carter 
in its publication. That was the day when lotteries were 
favored in Maine; and by uniting the sale of lottery 
tickets with the printing business, these gentlemen kept 
the Register at work. The paper advocated the National 
Republican cause, and the election of John Quincy 
Adams to the Presidency of the United States. It was 
discontinued August 2, 1831, and was succeeded by the 
Penobscot Journal. 

Among the principal contributors to the Register from 
time to time during its existence, were Samuel E. But- 
ton, Jacob McGaw, William D. Williamson, Jedediah 
Herrick, John Godfrey, Martin Kingsley, Enoch Brown, 
John Bennoch, Allen Gilman, Edward Kent, Joseph 
\\'hipple (who commenced his history of Acadia in the 
Register), Samuel Call, Rev. Harvey Loomis, Henry 
Call, Thomas A. Hill, and many other prominent rnen 
of Bangor and the neighborhood. Mr. Samuel Call was 
understood to be the editor of the Register, at times. 
He was a cynical gentleman of considerable sharpness 
of intellect, and a caucus speaker of some ability. Mr. 
Kent, too, had the reputation of being its editor in its 
later years ; but this was denied by the Register, although 
he wrote many able articles for it. 

From some cause there was dissatisfaction with the 
Register among a portion of the citizens of Bangor, and 
they raised a fund for the establishment of another jour- 
nal. This was commenced in the year 1824, under the 
charge of Ezra S. Brewster as publisher, and was 
styled 

PENOBSCOT GAZETTE. 

It was a weekly paper, edited by Daniel Pike, a prom- 
inent gentleman among the Orthodox Congregationalists. 
Mr. Pike was a grand man, a religious man, a sensible 
man. The Register styled him a "demure" editor. The 
Gazette was respectably conducted, but was a great an- 
noyance to the Register. In a notice by the Register of 
several new journals, on August 5, 1824, is the following 
reference to the Gazette : "But as this paper is our 
rival, and a competitor, we have too much feeling and 
too great an interest to pass it over lightly at the end of 
a paragraph; and as we are just now deficient in time 
and space, we must defer a further notice of it to a 
future opportunity." The opportunity, however, did 
not occur until the 14th of February, 1827, (which was 
clearly a joyous day for the publisher), when the Register 
had the satisfaction of announcing the demise of the 
Gazette "of an atrophy," and gave it this parting salute: 
"She was a weakly child, of about two years old, of a 
very good disposition, being much attached to schools, 
conferences, missionary societies, etc. But though well 
disposed, she had many errors, and sometimes spoke so 
thick as to be unintelligible. Candor, however, induces 
me to say, that her faults were more from carelessness 
and frorn want of capacity than from any evil intention." 
The Gazette was succeeded by the 



i86 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



EASTERN REPUBLICAN. 

This paper was edited by Nathaniel Haynes, a gentle- 
man of cuhure and literary taste. The Register styled 
him "Attorney of Law, late of Orono." He possessed a 
different temper from that of the editor of the Gazette, 
and stirred up the bile of Mr. James Burton, jr., of the 
Register, wonderfully, who took delight in calling it the 
"Genuine." After a few issues Mr. Burton's delight as- 
sumed a dismal cast, for he felt constrained to "move 
on the works" of his adversary in this style: "False 
charges, malicious innuendoes, misrepresentations, and 
circumstances with which we have not the slightest con- 
nection, have been brought in requisition against us; in 
no instance where his evil genius could conceive he 
might injure our feelings or reputation has he neglected 
the attempt." The Republican was alive at the time of 
the demise of the Register, which journal in its valedic- 
tory gave its editor the following kick: "Perchance, 
too, we have at times felt more pity than indignation at 
the puny and spiteful and exceedingly little spirts of the 
young man, and have made many apologies for him sim- 
ilar to his own for his 'mistake' in advocating duelling — that 
he is, constitutionally, altogether a mistake, and laboring 
under the influence of that malady that never permits 
him to be on the right side, or to feel at all amiable to- 
wards his species. In sober truth, we have felt more 
pity than anger,«and more contempt than either." 

Mr. Haynes continued in charge of the Republican as 
long as his health would permit. On his resigning his 
position, his brother, Isaac C. Haynes, who had been in 
the office with him, succeeded him, and continued to 
control the columns of the Republican until December, 
1837, when he sold the establishment to General Samuel 
Veazie and others. 

The Republican was a vigorous supporter of Andrew 
Jackson for the Presidency of the United States, and 
sustained the Democratic party in all its measures, until 
its sale to Veazie & Co., when it was conducted in the 
interest of the "Conservatives," a faction of the Demo- 
cratic party who were opposed to President Jackson's 
measures in relation to the United States Bank. It was 
understood to be under the editorial control of John 
Hodgdon until its final suspension in November, 1838, 
when its subscription hst was transferred to the Frankfort 
Intelligencer. Mr. Hodgdon returned to his allegiance 
to the Democratic party, and afterward removed to Du- 
buque, Iowa, where he now resides. 

THE CLARION. 

This was a small (juarto literary paper, established 
May 3, 1S28, by Oilman Merrill, and published from the 
office of the Bangor Register. It was at first edited by 
Charles Oilman, son of Hon. Allen Oilman, first mayor 
of Bangor. After a time the Clarion was enlarged from 
a sheet of four pages to one of eight pages, and was 
edited by B. B. Thatcher, the poet, conjointly with Mr. 
Oilman. These editors were liberally educated, and law- 
yers. The Clarion was very creditably edited by them. 
They were bjth young men when they left the paper. 
Mr. Oilman was afterward law-reporter in Quincy, Illin- 



ois, where he died. Mr. Thatcher obtained distinction 
as an author in Massachusetts, where he died. 
The Bangor Register was succeeded by the 

PENOBSCOT JOURNAL. 

This paper was edited by the late lamented Phineas 
Barnes, esq., who had a short time previous to its estab- 
lishment graduated from college. It was, as may be 
supposed, ably conducted. It advocated the cause of 
the National Republican party from August, 1831, for 
about two years. 

In 1S33 the Whig party was organized, and on Sep- 
tember 22, 1833, the 

BANGOR COURIER 

was established as an exponent of its principles, by Wil- 
ham E. P. Rogers. As a partisan paper it was the lineal 
descendant of the Penobscot Journal. It came under 
the editorial supervision of Samuel Upton — a former 
unsuccessful merchant in Castine — and his son Horace 
Upton. It was edited with considerable vigor and 
abiHty. On July 1, 1834, Mr. Rogers established in 
connection with the Courier a daily paper, styled the 
Bangor Daily Whig. On December 20, 1834, the name 
was changed to 

HANGOR DAILV WHIG AND COURIER. 

This name it was borne until now, and bids fair to 
bear for a long time to come. It continued under the 
same proprietor and editor until September 21, 1835, at 
which time the junior editor retired, because of fail- 
ing eye-sight, and Mr. Rogers disposed of the establish- 
ment to Gamalid Marcliant and Jacob A. Smitli. 
Samuel Upton continued to edit the paper fur a time, 
but at length retired, leaving the editorial labor in the 
hands ot Mr. Marchant, who managed it creditably until 
his health failed. His lungs being affected, in the fall of 
1837 he made a voyage to the West Indies for relief, 
but on his return, in May, 1838, he concluded to dis- 
pose of his interest in the paper, and on June 8 sold it 
to John Edwards of Portland. The paper was carried 
on by Edwards & Smith until August 2, 1841, when Mr. 
Edwards transferred his interest to John S. Sayward, then 
late of the Mechanic and Farmer. The ])aper was in 
the hands of Smith & Sayward until May, 1854, — nearly 
thirteen years. Mr. Sayward had especial charge of the 
editorial department, and Mr. Smith of the printing. 
The paper was ably and successfully managed by these 
gentlemen. On the 1st day of May, 1854, they sold the es- 
tablishment to William H. Wheeler and John H. Lynde. 
Mr. Wheeler had recently been connected with the edito- 
rial department of the Kennebec Journal. In introducing 
these gentlemen, Mr. Sayward said of Mr. Wheeler, that 
through him the political, social, intellectual and moral 
welfare of the people would be promoted, and of Mr. 
Lynde, that he possessed energy, skill, and business 
habits. The result has shown that Mr. Sayward was not 
in error. Mr. Wheeler's management of the editorial de- 
partment of the paper confirmed his opinion of him; and 
that Mr. Lynde has conducted the financial affairs of 
the establishment with skill, energy, and success there 
can be no question. 




/ 




HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



187 



Mr. Wheeler continued his connection with the 
paper until November, 1SC8, when he disposed of 
his interest to Mr. Lynde, and removed to Boston, 
where he died, March 9, 187 i. He was born in Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts, February 13, 181 7, but the largest 
part of his life was spent in Augusta. He served a long 
and faithful apprenticeship as a printer in the otifice of 
the Kennebec Journal; continued his connection with 
the office for many years as journeyman, and became 
one of the proprietors in 1850, when Luther Severance, 
whom he succeeded as editor, retired from the paper to 
accept the mission to the Sandwich Islands. In June, 
1853, Mr. Wheeler sold his interest in the property to 
his partner, William H. Simpson, but remained as editor 
until 1854, when he went into business in Bangor as 
partner of John H. Lynde, in the publication of the 
Daily Whig and Courier. Of this paper' he was editor 
and joint proprietor from 1854 until the autumn of 1868, 
when he sold his interest to Mr. Lynde, and removed 
to Boston, where until recently he was employed as one 
of the editors of the New England Farmer. He left a wife 
and four children — two sons and two daughters. 

The Boston Journal speaks of Mr. Wheeler's char- 
acter as a journalist as follows: He displayed marked 
ability as a political writer, and gave promise of attain- 
ing to the highest rank in his profession — a promise ill 
health alone prevented the complete fulfilment. How- 
ever, he held for a long time the strongest pen in the 
State of his nativity, and has left a record in journalism 
of which his family and many friends have a right to feel 
proud. His views with regard to the duties and obliga- 
tions of journalism were pure and lofty, and were thor- 
oughly carried out in the newspapers over which he 
exercised control. Thoroughly conscientious, yet un- 
obtrusive, gentle and amiable at all times, upright in his 
walk and catholic in thought, he had many friends who 
will hear of his demise with deep regret. He was 
modest and retiring to a fault, otherwise he might have 
held high official position. Devoted to his profession, 
he sought no honors outside of it. Mr. Lynde has 
since carried on the establishment in his own name. 
The paper has been under the editorial management of, 
first, Joseph \V. Bartlett, (principal), and J. Swett Rowe, 
(local) editors, and now of Captain C. A. Bontelle, (prin- 
cipal) and Eduin A. Perry and Alfred S. Meigs (assist- 
ant local) editors. 

The A\'hig and Courier was an earnest supporter of 
the W'hig party during its existence, and has been an un- 
fiinching advocate of the principles of the Republican 
party since the Whig party was dissolved. It now stands 
among the ablest papers in the State; its business has 
steadily increased from the commencement, and it may 
well be called a success. \Vhen Messrs. Smith & Say- 
ward left it, Mr. Sayward went into the Kennebec Jour- 
nal, and has since left that paper with a competency, and 
is enjoying his otium cum dignitate upon his farm in 
Boxford, Massachusetts. Mr. Smith is enjoying his in 
an elegant residence upon Thomas's Hill, in Bangor. 

When the Anti-Masonic party deemed itself of suffi- 
cient importance to organize politically, its leaders 



thought it expedient to establish an organ in Bangor; 
and .Anson Herrick removed thither from Hallowell, 
where he had been associated with Richard I). Rice (af- 
terward Judge Rice of the Supreme Judicial Court), in 
printing a paper, for the purpose. On the 7th day of 
August, 1834, he published the first number of the 

PENOBSCOT FREEMAN. 

This paper was under the editorial charge of Asa 
Walker, a polished and vigorous writer. We believe it 
survived its party, but was not long-lived. Mr. Her- 
rick's enterprising disposition prompted him to greater 
things than the publishing of a weekly Anti-Masonic 
journal, and in August, 1835, he commenced the publi- 
cation of a small daily paper, styled the 

D.AILV COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. 

This was a lively, non-partisan journal, and Mr. Her- 
rick made it quite taking for several months, until, in 
consequence of an unfortuate non-financial operation, 
he suddenly (in May, 1836), came to the conclusion 
that New York ideas would be more favorable to his 
success than those of Bangor, and removed to that city, 
where he established the Sunday Atlas. He was right 
in his conclusion. He was made an alderman, and a 
Member of Congress (as his father, Ebenezer Herrick, 
had been before him), in New York, and when he died a 
few years since, he left a fortune (we believe), and the 
Atlas in the full tide of prosperity. But notwithstand- 
ing Mr. Herrick left Bangor, the Advertiser went on. It 
fell into the editorial hands of John W'. Frost, a young 
lawyer, who manipulated its enunciation with much bra- 
very until December, 1836, when it was absorbed by the 
peoples' press. 

This was a daily and weekly Democratic paper of a 
peculiar stamp, established by Thomas Bartlett, jr., 
March 12, 1836. The paper was edited with some 
smartness for something more than two years. We be- 
lieve it was suspended in November, 1838. 

On February 6, 1S35, an association of gentlemen 
having at heart the welfare of the artisans and agricul- 
turists, established a weekly journal, under the style of 
the 

MECHANIC AND FARMER. 

This association was composed of John Brown & Co. 
They employed John S. Sayward as its editor. In his 
introductory, the editor announced it to be his intention 
"to assist and cheer mankind in the various duties of the 
workshop, the field and the domestic circle; to urge for- 
ward correct feelings and action among the practical 
working men of the country." The Mechanic and Far- 
mer was an interesting and useful journal, and was in 
existence four years. Its last number was published 
February 21, 1839. Its publishers were successively, 
Cobb & Merrill, Charles Cobb, Benjamin A. Burr, and 
William E. P. Rogers. In June, 1835, John S, Carter 
commenced a monthly publication, the 

EASTERN MAGAZINE. 

'I'his was edited by Mrs. M. P. Carter (wife of the 
publisher), who was a poet, and a writer of much merit. 
She continued in the editorial chair until failing health 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



compelled her to leave it, in December, 1835, when she 
was succeeded by Charles Oilman. Mr. Oilman contin- 
ued in it during the remainder of the year, after which 
he edited it as the 

MAINE MONTHLY MAGAZINE. 

This periodical was published by John S. Carter. 
Both these publications were handsomely printed, and ob- 
tained considerable reputation for literary merit. The 
patronage extended to them was not sufficient to keep 
them in existence. 

In January, 1836, Mr. Carter established a pleasant 
weekly, 

THE BANGOREAN. 

This was edited by Mr. Oilman, also. It was hand- 
somely printed, and edited with ability. It was not, 
however, a political paper, and there being no powerful 
company behind to sustain it, its fortunes were united 
with those of the Mechanic and Farmer in October, 
1836. 

In 1837, Rev. Thomas Curtis, a Baptist clergyman of 
much learning and ability, came to Bangor from Eng- 
land, and conceived the project of putting before the 
public a literary and religious paper worthy of the sup- 
port of an intelligent community. It was understood 
that Professor Leonard Woods (afterwards President 
Woods of Bowdoin College) was to assist in the editor- 
ship. A respectable subscription was raised, and the 
result was the 

BANGOR JOURNAL. 

The first number was issued June i, 1837. The paper 
was continued just one year. It was printed by Samuel 
S. Smith. It was edited by Mr. Curtis and his son. It 
was a handsome paper in quarto form, and contained 
eight pages of reading matter. Although the articles 
were well written, yet they were not to the popular taste, 
and the subscriptions were not renewed. 

As the Democrats were a live party in Penobscot, and 
professed to have some political light, they did not 
choose to have that light hid under a bushel long at a 
time; therefore, when the Eastern Republican fell into 
what they conceived to be conservative darkness, many 
of them "pooled" in $10 apiece, and on the 15th day 
of February, 1836, started on its long and eventful 
career, the 

BANGOR DEMOCRAT. 

William R. Smith, and, we believe, for a time, William 
T. Johnson, were its publishers. It at length came un- 
der the editorial charge of Isaac C. Haynes, formerly 
of the Republican, who was its editor for many 
years. Although strongly partisan, yet Mr. Haynes's 
editorials were usually dignified, quite free of personali- 
ties, and perhaps as temperate and little objectionable as 
partisan editorials could well be. On November 22, 
1838, the publication of the Democrat passed into the 
hands of John Pray and William Thompson. Mr. 
Thompson at length became the sole publisher, and so 
continued during Mr. Haynes's connection with it, until 
August 3, 1857. 

Marcellus Emery, a graduate of Bowdoin College, a 
lawyer, and a gentleman of ability, succeeded Mr. 



Haynes as editor of the Democrat. He, for a time, 
published in connection with the Democrat a daily 
paper, the 

BANGOR DAILY UNION. 

This paper took strong ground against the Republican 
party. President Lincoln, and the war for the suppression 
of the Rebellion; and it was thought by the enemies of 
the Rebellion that the editorials were rank with treason, 
and almost every issue provoked denunciation and threats 
against the editor. Hon. Isaiah Stetson was then 
mayor, and so open and violent were these threats at 
last that his attention was called to the excitement, and 
he was very anxious to prevent an outbreak. But no 
vigilance could provide against the cool determination of 
a community that felt itself outraged by what it con- 
ceived to be attacks upon the principles which they had 
been educated to believe sacred, and stabs at the heart 
of their country. On the 12th of August, 1861, while 
Mr. Emery and his assistants were at their dinner, the 
mob quietly entered his office and shied his pi esses, paper, 
types, cases, and apparatus of all sorts, from the fourth 
story windows into the street, and afterwards piled them 
up in the market-place and burned them; and, when he 
appeared to remonstrate against this unexpected disposi- 
tion of his property, the indignation against him was so 
great that it was with difficulty he was protected from 
violence. 

But Mr. Emery was not to be suppressed. After the 
lapse of nearly a year and a half, when the public irrita- 
tion had to some extent subsided, he made an appeal to 
his Democratic friends in the State, and was enabled to 
resuscitate the Democrat in January, 1863. This paper 
is still in existence, under his charge, and is the Demo- 
cratic organ of Penobscot county. 

After the war was closed, Mr. Eemry, counting either 
upon the imperfect memory or forgiving disposition 
of the people, sought to recover the value of his de- 
stroyed property by a suit, in Waldo county, against cer- 
tain individuals for trespass. These individuals, how- 
ever, determined that a jury of Waldo county should 
render no verdict without a full understanding of Mr. 
Emery and of the disloyal utterances of his journal, 
and of the great injury they were doing to the cause of 
the country at the time of the suppression. And, in 
a protracted trial, they produced sufficient testimony to 
the jury (a portion of whom were Democrats), that they 
returned a verdict that Mr. Emery's paper was a "public 
nuisance" — but giving some damages against two of the 
defendants. Tabor and Hopkins, who had made them- 
selves conspicuous in the mob, though, unfortunately 
for Mr. Emery, they were poor men and not able to re- 
spond, and were quite indifferent in regard to the result 
of the suit. They had both been to the war and done 
something for their country, and as Mr. Emery had the 
privilege of living in it without contributing anything 
voluntarily for its salvation, they were quite willing his 
involuntary contribution should stand. The other de- 
fendants in the suit were declared not guilty; but a new 
trial was granted, which has not yet been had. 

It is but justice to Mr. Emery to say, that on the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



189 



night of the arrival of the news of Lee's surrender, after 
being. informed of it, and prompted by some enthusiastic 
war people, he left his bed in haste, and taking his stand 
upon the balcony of his hotel, proclaimed that he was a 
friend of the Union, and waved the stars and stripes in 
a manner indicating, to the spectators in the streets, that 
he loved the flag. 

The Democrat has now the support or countenance 
of such prominent Democrais as Major-General James 
H. Butler, chairman of the State Democratic Commit- 
tee, ex-Surveyor-General Gorham L. Boynton, Abraham 
Sanborn, William H. McCrillis, James F. Rawson, Amos 
M. Roberts, Hastings Strickland, Isaac W. Patten, Jo- 
seph Chase, James Tobin, and Abner Knowles, esqrs.; 
General Charles W. Roberts, Drs. George W. Ladd and 
C. A. Jordan ("Faust"), Hon. George P. Sewall, Benja- 
min Swelt, Joshua W. Carr, William T. Hilliard, John 
Varney, and Simpson Rollins, esqrs. 

In the year 1842, the anti-slavery men of Bangor, 
having the year before organized a branch of the party 
known as the Liberty party, felt the necessity of an or- 
gan, and on April 30, 1842, sent forth the first number 
of the 

B.\NGOR G.\ZETTE. 

This was a weekly paper; its publisher, John Burrill; 
editor, John E. Godfrey. It was continued for a year 
as a weekly ; after this, its publisher thinking the en- 
couragement sufficient to warrant it, issued a daily sheet. 
The design of the proprietors was to put before the 
people facts in regard to American slavery, and to 
impress upon them the idea that, as that was a political 
institution, it was by political appliances that it must be 
abolished; that, constituted as they were, it was impos- 
sible for either the Whig or Democratic party to take 
action against it and maintain its integrity; therefore, 
that the only practicable way of operating against the 
institution, politically, was by voting squarely against it. 
The effect of the argument was soon felt, and both the 
great parties were driven to concede, by resolves and 
editorial utterances, that political action was necessary, 
but their organs insisted that the action must be through 
the two great parties. As the people preferred to re- 
main with their old parties so long as there was the least 
hope of accomplishing anything through them, acces- 
sions to the Liberty party were gradual. In a vote of 
the city, the largest ever obtained by the Liberty party 
was between 300 and 400, in an entire vote of the citi- 
zens of between 2,000 and 3,000. But the anti-slavery 
sentiment was strengthened throughout the community 
to a very much greater extent than the vote of the Lib- 
erty party indicated. That vote, however, and the agi- 
tation it occasioned, and the information promulgated 
by its journals, accomplished the end sought for much 
earlier than its friends expected. The Gazette performed 
its share of the labor. It was continued several years. 
In about two years after its establishment, Mr. Burrill 
disposed of his interest, and was succeeded by George 
W. Light as publisher. Mr. Light was succeeded by 
Seward P. Moore. Mr. Godfrey, atter a time, relin- 
quished the editorial chair, and was succeeded by Asa 



Walker. When the Free-Soil party came into existence, 
in which the Liberty party was merged, Mr. Walker 
changed the name of the Gazette to 

THE PLATFORM, 

under which name it was published, by Francis Shepherd 
& Son, during the Free-Soil campaign, in which Mr. \'an 
Buren was candidate of that party for the Presidency. 

The prominent supporters of the Gazette during its 
existence were Adams H. Merrill, Charles A. Stackpole, 
Jonas P. Veazie, George A. Thatcher, James Allen, Asa 
Davis, Nathan P. Wiggin, Albert G. Wakefield, Llewel- 
lyn J. Morse, Joseph C. White, Albert Titcomb, Elijah 
Low, Charles Plummer, Joel Hills, Joseph E. Littlefield, 
John S. Kimball, Timothy Crosby, John S. Johnston, 
Theodore S. Brown, Henry B. Farnham, Henry Gale, 
Charles Godfrey, Alexander Drummond, Joseph Brown, 
and others. 

During Mr. Godfrey's connection with the Gazette, he 
collected the principal anti-slavery articles of that paper, 
and Mr. Burrill published them in a monthly journal 
called 

THE EXPOSITOR. 

This paper was in a quarto form, was furnished at a 
low price, and had quite an extensive circulation. The 
articles were temperate, judicious, and free from bitter- 
ness, and produced a good effect. 

The history of the Free-Soil party is not forgotten. It 
was the offspring of the Liberty party, as the Republican 
party was the offspring of the Free-Soil party, before 
which the once glorious Whig party vanished like chaff 
before the wind, and the great Democratic party fell, 
prone to struggle for long years against a destiny which, 
in the days of Andrew Jackson, no one could have 
dreamed awaited it, to wit — annihilation. 

B.\NGOR POST. 

This was a racy paper, established some time before 
the year 1850, by Thomas Bartlett, formerly of the 
Peoples' Press, to amuse the community and support 
himself It was a jolly, readable paper, and "took" while 
it was taken ; but, unfortunately, for want of material aid, 
it was not taken long. 

Mr. Bartlett had a brother, a printer by trade, a witty 
and enterprising person, a victim of i\\e cacot't/ies scribendi, 
who started a paper in the year 1844, to amuse, edify, 
and provoke the community. It was not particular what 
it said or whom it placed blushing before the public 
gaze, provided its treasury derived benefit from it. It 
bore the name of 

E.\NGOR D.-MLY MERCURY. 

It was the mouthpiece of all the wags, all the croakers, 
all the grumblers, all the envious, and all the jolly and 
dissatisfied persons who chose to send it their contri- 
butions. It was much dreaded by timid persons, but 
sometimes it stirred up the risibilities of the people won- 
derfully. It started the Antifjuarian burlesque, which 
kept the community in a state of merry fermentation for 
weeks. Those who recollect the excursion of the 
Mercury's antiquarians down the Penobscot river, their 
marvellous adventures with Aboljacknegus, Porkunsis, 



igo 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



and Baskahegan giant — whiskey — will not recall them 
without being inclined to renew their cachinnation of 
those merry times. 

But it was at last with the Mercury as it is with all 
similar guerilla journals; after the people had been pretty 
generally lampooned, they lost their relish for that kind 
of amusement, and began to withhold their patronage. 
The consequence of this was that Mr. Bartlett relin- 
quished the editorship, saying, in his valedictory, that he 
. had put nothing into the concern, and he left its capital 
unimpaired. In 1850 the establishment passed into the 
hands of several Whig gentlemen, who greatly enlarged 
it, and placed it under the charge of Samuel P. Dinsmore 
and Charles P. Roberts, two young lawyers of more than 
ordinary editorial ability. It was conducted, in connec- 
tion with a weekly issue, in the interests of the Whig 
party, until the year 1854, when it stopped. The estab- 
lishment went into the hands of W. E. Hilton & Co., 
and was converted into a straight Whig paper, and 
called 

BANGOR DAILY JOURNAL. 

Mr. Roberts was sole editor of this paper for a time. 
At length Daniel Sanborn became associated with him, 
and continued associate editor until some time before its 
discontinuance, in August, 1857. These editors used 
very sharp-nibbed pens, and set the community in an 
effervescence about three jirominent Maine Law advo- 
cates, whom they denominated " Uow, Peck, and Weaver,'' 
that did not subside until the "Co." was smashed, and 
Weaver, at least, in regard to his temperance pretensions^ 
put hors du combat. After the discontinuance of the 
Journal, Adam Treat and others purchased some part of 
the establishment and connected it with the Democrat 
in the form of the Bangor Daily Union, heretofore 
noticed. Charles P. Roberts was associated in the edit- 
orship during the first months of its existence; then, as 
his and Mr. Emery's views did not accord, he gave up 
his connection with it altogether. 

After the Free-Soil campaign, the anti-slavery element 
became so strong in the Demociatic party that it was 
deemed advisable by certain gentlemen of the party to 
establish in Bangor a journal that would advocate the 
principles of Jeffersonian Democracy ; accordingly, in 
March, 1849, Joseph Bartlett and Benjamin A. Burj- 
established a weekly paper bearing the title of 

THE JEFFERSONIAN. 

Mr. Bartlett had special charge of the editorial depart 
ment, and Mr. Burr of the printing. In his salutatory 
Mr. Bartlett announced that the Jeffersonian would "be 
the advocate of Democratic principles, and w'ould sup- 
port the Democratic party as the exponent of these prin- 
ciples." During his whole editorial career Mr. Bartlett 
undeviatingly pursued the course he had in the outset 
marked out for himself. He was influenced by neither 
threats promises, nor bribes, and he was subjected to such 
of these, at times, as would have influenced men of less 
firmness. But they only served to make him more ear- 
nest, if possible, in the expression of the views he had 
adopted. 



It is needless to say that after the Republican party 
was organized, the Jeffersonian recognized its principles 
as those of Jeffersonian Democracy, and ever after was 
their firm and consistent advocate. It supported General 
Fremont, Abraham Lincoln, and General Grant for the 
Presidency, and, during twenty long years, Mr. Bart- 
lett gave all the influence of his ready pen in favor of the 
right. Oftentimes in advance of his contemporaries he 
expressed opinions, afterwards adopted, with a positive- 
ness not always agreeable, though, we apprehend, no one 
ever doubted his sincerity. At length, however, he had 
to succumb to a mightier than any political foe. Con- 
sumption took him in its relentless grasp, and in the year 
1870 he laid down his editorial pen never to resume it. 
In a few months Mr. Burr transferred the subscription 
list of the Jeffersonian to Mr. Lynde, of the Whig and 
Courier. 

While publishing the Jeffersonian in the second year of 
the Rebellion, Messers. Bartlett & Burr commenced the 
publication of a daily paper, in connection with the 
weekly Jeffersonian, called 

JEFFERSONIAN DAILY EVENING NEWS. 

The first number was issued June 28, 1862. Before 
much progress was made with it, the publishers found 
themselves disappointed in regard to their office arrange- 
ments, and concluded not to proceed with the enterprise 
after August 2, 1862. 

Mr. William Thompson, who had been the publisher 
of the Democrat, having encouragement that a daily 
morning journal would be supported in Bangor, on the 
19th of June, 1858, established the 

BANGOR DAILY EVENING TIMES. 

This was a paper, liberal and independent in politics, 
except during the war, of the prosecution of which to a 
successful termination it was an ardent advocate. As it 
was established by its publisher for his own emolument, 
it was fortunate for him that his inclination prompted 
him to make it a war paper, for its patronage during that 
period was very extensive, it being always in possession 
of the war news, for which everybody was eager, up to 
the hour of its publication. It was at first under the ed- 
itorial charge of Charles P. Roberts ; afterwards of A. C. 
Brock, who was succeeded by William E. Stevens. It 
was a sprightly and agreeable journal, and was well sus- 
tained. Mr. Thompson, having become wearied with 
the labor of newspaper publication — not because of 
want of support — suspended the publication of the 
Times on September 10, 1867, and limited his business 
to job printing, simply, until his death in 187 i. 

At a period when Spiritualism was producing consid- 
erable excitement, George W. Brown established in Ban- 
gor a journal with the title of 

THE SPIRIT GUARDIAN. 

This was not a long-lived paper, and we are not aware 
that it exercised any influence for good or evil. 

S. F. Whitmore published before 1850 a small daily 
paper, called the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



191 



DAILY BEE. 

It. was an adventure of Mr. Whitmore and several 
journeyman printers, — was intended to be conducted to 
take the popular breeze, but it was short-lived. 

The last journal, but one, established in Bangor up to 
thf present time, of which we have any knowledge, is 
burr's fifty-cent monthly. 

This is an eight-page quarto paper published monthly 
by Benjamin A. Burr. It is a tastefully printed sheet, 
and is full of unexceptionable and interesting miscellane- 
ous reading for the family. The first number was issued 
in April, 1870, and we believe the patronage it receives 
will justify the publisher in keeping it in existence during 
his pleasure. 

There have been atteir 5ts to establish other newspa- 
pers in Bangor, but we believe we have given the names 
of all that have seen the light; certainly all that have shed 
any light, except the 

BANGOR DAILY COM.MERCIAL. 

This paper was established by Marcellus Emery, esq., 
editor of the Democrat. Although under Demociatic 
management, yei it keeps pretty clear of partisan politics, 
it being the design and desire of the conductors to make 
it a popular business paper, and to make money. The 
paper is a smart, newsy journal ; has a good subscription 
list, and is popular with many of its patrons. It will not 
be for want of talent in the editor if he is not successful 
in obtaining for it an extensive circulation. The busi- 
ness interest of the community appears to be the prime 
object of his solicitude. The first number of the Com- 
mercial was issued on the ist of January, 1S72. 

dexter — DEXTER GAZETTE. 

Its character is independent; the editor and proprie- 
tor is R. O. Robbins; its size is 32x22; published every 
Friday; the circulation is 600. The advertising columns 
are well patronized. 

The printing business was commenced in this place by 
J. F. Witherell, in 1853. He published several period- 
icals of different names, one of which once had a weekly 
list of 1,700 subscribers. It was of a literary character. 
He sold his interest in August, 1869, to Gulleson & Rob- 
bins, who carried on the publication of the Gazette and 
job business until October, 187 i, when Mr. Robbins pur- 
chased the interest of the senior partner. 

OLDTOWN OLDTOWN INDEX. 

This was the only paper ever published in this place. 
It was issued occasionally, in 1848-49, — had |)robably no 
circulation outside of the town. It was managed princi- 
pally by one Charles H. I)e Wolfe, an Englisliman by 
birth, a man of pecular notions in vegetarianism, free-love, 
etc. Owing to his peculiar views, he did not find it con- 
venient to tarry here a great while, and he soon left the 
State. The next heard of him he was under arrest in 
Oregon, on a criminal charge for his unlawful manner of 
taking a wife. Being a man of some ability, he defended 
his own case. During the trial the judge asked: "Mr. 
De Wolfe, do vou propose to show that you have been 
married to this woman?" "We were, your Honor, mar- 



ried according to the universal laws of God and the dic- 
tates of our own conscience." " Do you love this wo- 
man well enough to take her for your wife?" "Most 
certainly I do." "Madam, do you love this man well 
enough to takehim for your husband?" "Yes." "Then, by 
virtue of authority vested in me, I pronounce you to be 
husband and wife, duly married according to the laws of 
Oregon. Go, and sin no more." Next heard of him 
was his death in California. 



CHAPTER XV. 

ROADS, RAILROADS AND TELEGRAPHS. 
Wagon Roads — Notices of Early Roads in the Penobscot Country, by 
Whipple and Morse — The Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad — 
The Penobscot River Railroad — The Maine Central — The Dexler & 
Newport — Tlie European & North American — The Bangor & Pisca- 
taquis — The Bucksoort & Bangor-— Unaccomplished Projects — The 
Telegraphs through Bangor. 

WAGON ROADS. 

The first roads in the Penobscot Valley naturally lay 
along the comparatively low ground by the river's side, 
to connect the early settlements, which clung close to 
the Penobscot. Here ran the Indian trail, which had 
been traversed bv the red man in his migrations, on his 
hunting expeditions or the war-path, for untold genera- 
tions; and these, widened and slightly improved, fur- 
nished the rude highways for the wagon, or horse, or ox- 
team of the pioneer. 

It would be tedious work to follow in careful and ex- 
tended details the history of the construction of wagon 
roads, macadamized ways, turnpikes, and the rest, 
throughout the great county of Penobscot. It has now, 
apparentlv, a very excellent road system, accommodating 
well the settlements and villages dispersed far and wide 
throughout its large domain. Many of the leading high- 
ways will receive notice in our special histories of the 
townships. For the present we subjoin one or two no- 
tices of the old-tiine roads, which will certainly he read 
with interest. The following is from Whipple's Geo- 
graphical View of the District of Maine, published in 
1816. 

In the county of Penobscot, which is the most central division, par- 
ticular attention is paid in locating the roads in such directions as may 
heieafter preclude the necessity of turnpikes ; but even here there are 
people who have great reluctance to quit any road which they have 
used, let the location be ever so indirect. However, the inhabitants of 
this section are generally as enterprising in this deparlnient as in any 
other part of the Union. 

The roads parallel and each side of Penobscot Bay and river are in a 
very good state to the head of the tide." The first important road from 
the head ot the tide and west of the Penobscot commences at Bangor, 
and extends northeasterly by the river 14 miles to the upper line of 
Orono. From thence it has recently been extended 14 miles north- 
westerly, at the expense of the .State, and another section of 14 miles 
is now extending beyond the Piscataquis. 



192 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The next load extends on a northerly direction, about 8 miles west- 
erly of the State's road. This passes the westerly side of Pushaw, and 
terminates in Blakesburgh, 25 miles from Bangor. It is, however, in 
contemplation to extend it immediately to the township No. 3, in the 
7th range, on the Piscataquis. The next road extends from Bangor on 
the westerly side of the Kenduskeag, and extends northwesterly about 
twenty miles to the upper part of Corinth, thence north through the 
centre of Charlestown, No. 2, in the 6th range, to Piscataquis, and to 
the mills in the town of Sebec, 38 miles from Bangor: and is a con- 
firmed county road for that distance. 

The next and most important road of either is contemplated to be 
opened by the proprietors of the land through which it passes. It will 
commence at the western side of Kenduskeag, thence north 44 degrees 
west by the compass, 9 miles to the south branch of Kenduskeag in 
Levant, which has been so far traced, thence varying about 2 degrees 
northerly, it passes through the center of Penobscot county to Guilford, 
on Piscataquis River, thence to the south side of Moosehead Lake, 
thence about the same course to the principal settlement on the Chau- 
diere, fifty-two miles from Quebec, which distance is now a perfect 
wheel-road. The whole distance from Bangor to Quebec will probably 
be about 190 miles. Half this distance is now passable by the common 
road from Bangor to the Piscataquis and the Chaudiere road to Quebec, 
which distance the land is peculiarly adapted to a good road. This 
road will particularly accommodate the upper settlers on the Kenne- 
bec. 

The next important road which is also contemplated, but now before 
the Court of Sessions, commences at Bangor and, extending west a few 
degrees, runs north through Hermon and Carmel in the Second Range, 
thence on the same course to Canaan, Bloomfield and Norridgewock, 
on the Kennebec, and thence on the same course through East An- 
dover to Connecticut River in New Hampshire and Vermont. 

The next road is contemplated from Bangor to Augusta south of 
Dixmont, and on a direct course, which will reduce the distance about 
nine miles. A petition tor a township of Land for this purpose is now 
before the Legislature. 

The next is the present travelled road from Bangor through Hamp- 
den, Dixmont, Joy, Unity, Fairfax, Hariem, and Vasselborough, to 
Augusta. 

The last road west of Penobscot is from Bangor to Belfast, through 
Hampden and Frankfort, A petition for a new road from Frankfort to 
Belfast is now before the Sessions; this will be a most important avenue. 
A new direct county road is also contemplated from Bangor to Ells, 
worth, which will be the great ro.id to Machias and Passamaquoddy. 

The Quebec road receives the following notice 
evidently borrowed in part from Whipple, in Morse's 
Universal Geography, of the edition of 1819: 

Another road is laid out from Bangor, on the Penobscot, to Quebec 
a distance of about 200 miles; course North 40 degrees West. It 
passes through Brownville, thence to the east of Moosehead Lake, thence 
across the western branch of Penobscot river to St. Joseph's church, on 
the Chaudiere, which is about 52 miles from the city of Quebec, to 
which there is a good road all the distance. The whole distance on the 
road, from Bangor to Quebec, will be about 190 miles. Half this dis- 
tance is now passable. The upper settlers on the Kennebec will derive 
great benefit from this road. The country through which this road is 
to pass was explored, for the first time by any white person, in the 
spring of 1810, by Dr. Isaac Wilkins and Captain Ezekiel Chase, and 
found to be in general good for roads and settlements. After passing 
Brownville 20 or 25 miles, in a Northeriy course, over a ridge of moun- 
tains, the country thence to the Chaudiere is level, variegated only 
with gentle swells. 

•Another important road has been surveyed from the Penobscot to 
a new settlement in the north-east corner of Maine, on St. John's river 

Another advantageous road is contemplated, to be opened from 
Bangor west through Hermon, Carmel, Canaan, Bloomfield, Norridge- 
wock, and East Andover, to Connecticut river. 

RAILROADS. 

The project of building the first iron road constructed 
in the Penobscot Valley was mooted soon after the rail- 
way system was introduced into this country. It was 
the Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad, which has 
been discontinued for many years, but whose old station- 
house, now a dwelling, still stands on the bluff in Bangor, | 



and the long-disused track can still be traced at intervals 
stretching thence away into the country. The line kept 
on the high ground, instead of following the lower levels 
near the river, as does the present railroad to Oldtown; 
and, when it was desired to use a road to that place as 
an important link in a chain of iron ways to reach the 
Northeastward and Northwestward, this track was found 
to be too far in the interior to accommodate the traffic 
from the growing towns along the river; and it was con- 
sequently abandoned for the route now in use. 

The Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad Company 
was chartered by the State Legislature on the 8th of 
March, 1832, but was not fully organized until three 
years afterwards. So enthusiastic was the local public 
over this new departure in methods of transportation, 
that the stock of the company sold at 18 per cent, 
premium before a blow had been struck upon the line. 
Messrs. Rufus D\\ inel, Ira VVadleigh, and Asa W. Bab- 
cock, were the chief promoters of the enterprise. Work 
upon the road-bed was begun in June; but the charter 
proved to be so fatally defective that it was possible for 
every landholder on the line to prosecute every railway 
employe coming upon his premises; and the work had 
to be temporarily abandoned. By and by the Bangor & 
Piscataquis Canal and Railroad Company, which had 
been chartered February 8, 1833, to build a canal or 
railroad, or both, from Bangor to the State quarries of 
Piscataquis county, bought up the franchises of the 
older company, and without special difficulty completed 
the road from Bangor to Oldtown, by way of Upper 
Stillwater. It was constructed in 1835-36, and laid 
with strap rail ; and was opened in the latter year. After 
a time a track was laid down the hill in Bangor, and 
along the streets to a wharf on Exchange street, upon 
which large quantities of lumber and other products — 
but especially lumber, — were transported directly to the 
vessels on the Penobscot. 

THE PENOBSCOT RIVER RAILROAD. 

A company to build a railway bearing this title was 
chartered by the State in 1836. It was to lay a line 
from Bucksport to Milford, altogether on the east side of 
the river, but with a branch to Orono. The usual agi- 
tation in behalf of a local road was excited. Meetings 
were held at Orono and Oldtown in the autumn of 1836, 
in promoting the scheme, and $30,000 to $40,000 were 
subscribed in the former place alone. The times were 
growing hard, however; the great financial crisis of 1837 
was at hand ; and the means, together with the public 
confidence desirable in such an enterprise, could not be 
commanded at the time. The project therefore failed. 

THE MAINE CENTRAL. 

The Penobscot & Kennebec Railroad Company was 
chartered April 5, 1845, organized fully November 27, 
1850. Early in 1853 the construction of the line from 
Waterville to Bangor was begun at the former place ; and 
by December of that year the track was completed to 
Kendall's Mills. The cars reached Pittsfield in Novem- 
ber, 1854, and entered Bangor in triumph in August, 
1855. Meanwhile the Androscoggin & Kennebec 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



193 



Railroad Company, chartered March 28, 1845, had been 
building a road from Danville Junction, on the Atlantic 
& St. Lawrence Railroad (now leased for 999 years to 
the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada), to Waterville, 
which was opened for traffic December 23, 1849. Upon 
the completion of the Penobscot & Kennebec, Sep- 
tember I, 1855, Bangor had its first connection by the 
iron rail with Portland and the rapidly developing rail- 
way system of the East and West. November i, 1856, 
the Bangor link of the chain was leased for twenty 
years to the Androscoggin & Kennebec Company, 
at a yearly rental equivalent to three-sevenths of 
the net earnings of both the roads. In a very few years, 
however, October 28, 1862, a consolidation of the two 
roads was effected, under the name of the Maine Cen- 
tral, which the line has since borne. 

An older company, the Kennebec iS: Portland, had 
been chartered April i, 1836, to build a road from Port- 
land to liath and Augusta, had opened the section from 
N'armouth to Bath July 4, 1849, that from Yarmouth to 
Portland in 1851, and the extension to Augusta, January 
I, 1852. The property of this company was foreclosed 
by its mortgagees May 18, 1862, and the Portland & 
Kennebec Company, organized two days afterwards, be- 
came its owners. A line was built from Augusta to 
Waterville, and on the 26th of February, 1873, an act 
of the Legislature was passed, consolidating the Port- 
land & Kennebec, the Somerset & Kennebec, and the 
Leeds & Farmington Companies, with the Maine Central 
Railroad Company. November 13, 187 1, the extension 
from Danville Junction to Cumberland Junction, near 
Portland, was opened. The Maine Central, therefore, 
now consists of the united lines from Bangor to Portland 
via Danville Junction, 136.6 miles; the branch from 
Cumberland Junction to Waterville, 72.93 miles; that 
from Crowley's Junction to Lewiston, 4.77 miles; that 
from Bath to Farmington, 74.31 miles: and that from 
Waterville to Skowhegan, 18.19 miles — 170.2 miles of 
branches, or a total of 306.8 miles owned by the com- 
pany. In addition they lease the Belfast & Moosehead 
Lake Railroad, 34.15 miles, and the Dexter & Newport 
Railroad, 14 miles — 48.15 miles, making 354.95 miles 
owned or leased and operated by the Central Company, 
with side-tracks, etc., amounting to 49.2 miles more; 27 
miles of the line, besides the Dexter & Newport road, 
lie in Penobscot county, passing from Bangor in a gen- 
eral westerly direction through Hampden, Hermon 
Centre, Hermon Pond, Carmel, Etna, East Newport, and 
Newport. 

By the last report of the company at hand, the Cen- 
tral owned 58 locomotive engines and 1,119 cars — P^^" 
senger 58, baggage, mail, and express 25, box freight 
645, and platform 474, besides 40 service cars. 

DEXTER AND NEWPORT. 

The original comjiany formed for building this short 
hne, in the western part of the county, was chartered in 
1853, but nothing effective was done under the charter 
until its extension in 1865. Construction was begun un- 
der the new arranagement in 1867, and the next year the 



road was opened. It cost about $300,000. December 
I, 1868, it was leased to the Central Company for 
thirty years, at a rental of $18,000 a year. It has, as 
already noted, a track of fourteen miles, running from 
the junction at Newport, through Corinna, to Dexter, 
with sidings amounting to about one mile. It owns no 
rolling stock, being equipped entirely by the Central. 
By its financial statement Deceinber 31, 1879, it had a 
capital stock of $122,000, and owned $175,000 in six 
per cent, township bonds. Mr. Charles Shaw, of Dexter, 
is President of the company, and George Hamilton, 
Treasurer. The offices of the road are at Dexter. 

THE EUROPE.XN .^ND NORTH AMERICAN. 

The Bangor & Orono Railroad Company was chartered 
in 1847, but did nothing of importance. Subsequently, 
in 1851, a new Penobscot Railroad Company was organ- 
ized, and began operations the next year. It was to 
build a road, in the first instance, mainly on the west side 
of the Penobscot, from Bangor to Milford. The first 
contractor upon it, the Hon. Horatio C. Seymour, 
of New York, died, and the second contractor failed; so 
that the construction was delayed. First-mortgage six 
per cent, bonds, to the amount of $300,000, due in 
twenty years, were issued in 1855, bearing date July ist, 
and the European &: North American Company, which 
ha J ijccn chartered August 20, 1S50, but had yet built 
nothing, acquired title to the road-bed, rights of way, and 
other property of the Penobscot Company, between Ban- 
gor and Milford. The European & North American 
Company went on to complete the line on the route 
already selected by the Penobscot Company, substan- 
tially that now occupied by the road; and in 1868 cars 
were running from Bangor to Oldtown, 

The company now in possession secured a land-grant 
of 750,000 acres of land from the State. In 1863 it 
issued $280,000 of its own first-mortgage bonds. The 
city of Bangor voted a twenty-year six per cent, loan of 
one million, due January i, 1889. Means were thus 
obtained to extend the line into Milford, building the 
railway bridge across the Penobscot, and then to Vance- 
boro, on the State boundary, which was reached in 187 1. 
Upon the opening of the through line, October 17 of 
that year, a great celebration was had, at which were 
present General U. S. Grant, then President of the 
United States; Lord Lingard, the Governor-General of 
Canada ; the Governor of Maine, and many other dis- 
tinguished personages. During the same year, the Eu- 
ropean & North American Railway of New Brunswick 
was completed to the same point, and the two roads 
made a continuous line from Bangor to St. John, 205}^ 
miles distant. The companies were consolidated De- 
cember I, 1872, but serious defaults in interest-payments 
occurred three years afterward, and the corporations 
separated after trying vainly to fix upon a plan of re- 
adjustment. The trustee into whose hands the New 
Brunswick division had .""alien sold it under foreclos- 
ure, and it was re-organized as the St. John & Maine 
Railway. The next year — October 2, 1876 — the Maine 
division, or the European & North American, was 



194 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



surrendered to the trustees of the land-grant mortgage 
($2,000,000 twenty-year bonds), who have since operated 
the road. The trustees, in possession since the date 
given, are the Hon. Hannibal Hamlin and William 
B. Hayford, both of Bangor, where the principal offices 
of the road are situated. 

In its course of construction, the European & North 
American absorbed, not only the Penobscot Railroad 
Company, but also the Oldtown & Lincoln Company, 
chartered about 1S52, and the Bangor & Piscataquis 
Canal & Railroad Company. These, however, had pre- 
viously been absorbed in the Bangor, Oldtown & Mil- 
ford Railroad Company, which was in its turn swallowed 
up by the European & North American Company, which 
vacated its track, as recorded in the opening paragraphs 
of this chapter. 

The European & North American also leased the 
Bucksport & Bangor Railroad, upon its completion in 
1874, but did not renew after the expiration of the lease 
in 1879. The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad was also 
leased by it, from 1873, 1° December i, 1876. The 
trustees therefore operate only the main line from Ban- 
gor to Vanceboro, 114.2 miles, with sidings of 17.55 
miles. Its cost was about $40,000 per mile. 

It runs seventy miles in Penobscot county, from Ban- 
gor, through Veazie, Orono, Oldtown, Milford, Green- 
bush, Passadumkeag, Enfield, Lincoln, Winn, Matta- 
wamkeag, Kingman, and Drew Plantation, with seventeen 
miles in Aroostook county, and the rest in Washing- 
ton county, to its terminus. The road there connects 
with the St. John & Maine Railway, to St. John, New 
Biunswick, and the New Brunswick & Canada Railway, 
to Houlton on the north, and St. Stephen, New Bruns- 
wick, and Calais, Maine, on the east. 

THE BANGOR AND PISCATAQUIS. 

The company to build this road was chartered March 
5, 1861. Operations under it were not begun, however, 
until eight years afterwards, in the spring of 1869, and 
then proceeded slowly, so that its present line, from Old- 
town to Blanchard, was not completed until May, 1877. 
April I, 1869, the city of Bangor issued in aid of the 
enterprise $600,000 in 6 per cent, bonds; April i, 187 1, 
$322,000 in 7 per cent, bonds ; December i, 1874, 
$99,000; and October i, 1876, $101,000. The city 
holds $200,000 of the capital stock of the company in 
exchange for its bonds, for which it has also a mortgage 
on the property of the road. 

When the track reached Abbott, in 1873, the line was 
leased to the European & N. A. Co. On the ist of 
October, 1876, however, this corporation defaulted in its 
payment of interest to the Bangor & Piscataquis, and 
the latter resumed possession. 

In Penobscot county this road passes through Old- 
town, Alton, and Lagrange, fifteen miles. The remain- 
der of the line is in Piscataquis county. Connection is 
had at Oldtown for Bangor, over the rails of the Euro- 
pean & N. A. Co. The present terminus of the track is 
Blanchard, but steps are being taken to complete it to 
Moosehead Lake. Its cars already bear the designation 



of the famous sheet of water. The road has cost about 
$1,500,000. It has 62.8 miles of track, with 2.9 more 
of sidings and other tracks. By the last report we have 
seen it had 4 locomotive engines, 3 passenger, cars, 2 
baggage, mail and express cars, 39 box, 30 platform, and 
12 service cars. During the year ending September 30, 
1879, its trains were run a total of 78,876 miles, with 
an engine service of 82,636. It had carried that year 
23,142 passengers — 675,854 carried i mile. The freight 
moved amounted to 27,664 tons — moved i mile, 904,-' 
195. The gross earnings of the year were $71,188.00; 
operating expenses, including taxes, etc., $46,281.54; net 
earnings $24,906.48. Interest on funded debt accrued, 
$72,540. 

Moses Giddings, of Bangor, is President of this road. 
Its general offices are in that city. 

THE BUCKSPORT AND BANGOR. 

This short line — 18.8 miles, with 1.88 miles of side- 
tracks — was chartered March i, 1870. Its route was 
surveyed in the fall of 1872; construction began the 
next spring; and trains commenced to run regularly to 
Bucksport December 12, 1874. It was then leased to 
the E. & N. A. R.R., to the ist of October, 1S79. Be- 
fore the lease expired, however, the company was sold 
out at sheriff's sale (March, 1S79), and bought by the 
mortgage trustees. Its gauge was changed from the 
standard (4 feet. 8j4 inches) to the narrow, or 3 foot, 
gauge, upon which its trains are now run. The road was 
operated for a time by Mr. L. L. Lincoln, of Bucksport, 
under a ten-year lease; but the organization of the com- 
pany was still maintained, and a change in the running 
arrangements of the road was effected in the summer of 
1 88 1. Mr. S. T. Hinks, President, and Parker Spof- 
ford, Treasurer, conduct the general offices at Bucksport. 

Nine and a half miles of the route of this road are in 
Penobscot county, passing from Bangor, by bridge across 
the river, through the towns of Brewer and Orrington. 
The rest of the line is in Hancock county. Its original 
cost was $693,755.95. 

PROJECTS NOT CONSUMMATED. 

At the Legislative session of 1860-61, an act was passed 
making a liberal grant from the public lands in Penobscot 
and Aroostook counties, with the reservation of certain 
townships designed for actual settlers, and some other 
but slight exceptions, together with the pecuniary claims 
of the Slate upon the United States, as a foundation for 
the construction of a railroad from Mattawamkeag to 
Houlton, and on to the eastern boundary of the State, to 
the amount of $5,000 per mile. At that time no railway 
was running to Mattawamkeag. On the 20th of 
March, i860, the Legislature gave authority to the city 
of Bangor to contribute her credit to the building of a 
road to- that point, to the total amount of $850,000, or 
$14,000 a mile, in instalments as each section of ten 
miles' length should be constructed. A vote of the citi- 
zens of Bangor, upon the question of granting such aid, 
was taken March 19, 1862, and was adverse to the pro- 
posal. Nevertheless, a similar vote afterwards sue- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



19s 



ceeded ; and the road to and beyond Mattawamkeag is 
a fixed fact, while that from this place to Houlton is yet a 
thing of the future. 

Charters have also been granted to a company for 
building a railway from Bangor to Winterport, down the 
west side of the Penobscot, and another for a road from 
Bangor to Machias; but both schemes still await the 
developments of the future. 

TELEGR.\PHS. 

The Maine Telegraph Company, the first in the State, 
was incorporated in 1S48, and the line from Bangor to 
Belfast was completed in the summer of that year. The 
first telegraphic dispatch from Bangor was sent over this 
line November 23, 1S48. A week later communication 
was had with East Thomaston (now Rockland); and be- 
fore the year closed the line to Portland was completed. 
The lines from Portland to Calais, and from Portland to 
Boston, were connected with it in 1852-53. In 1855 the 
American Telegraph Company leased the line, and in 
1866 it was purchased by the VV^estern Union Company. 
Communication by telegraph is now had to all points. 
The dispatches from Europe, by the -Atlantic cable, pass 
through Bangor. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

THE BENCH AND BAR OF PENOBSCOT. 

BV HON. JOHN E. GODFREY, OF B.\NGOR. 

The Supreme Judicial Court— .\tlorney-Gener,ils for the County — The 
Circuit Court of Cominon Pleas — The Court of Common Pleas of 
the State of Maine — The District Court — Clerks of the Courts — 
Probate Court — Names of Judges and Registers of tlie Court — The 
Court of Sessions — County Commissioners' Court — Names of Com- 
missioners — Bangor City Courts: Munic'p.al — The Police Court — 
Municipal Court again — .-^nd again the Police Court — County .\t- 
torneys — Sherift's — Roll of Members of the Penobscot Bar — Gover- 
nor Washburn's Eulogy — Some Good Stories — Hon. John .^pple- 
ton, LL. D. — Hon. Joshua W. Hathaway — Hon. Jonas Cutting, 
LL. D.— Hon. Edward Kent. LL. D.— Hon. John .•\. Peters— Hon. 
David Perham — Hon. Frederick H. Allen — Hon. Samuel E. Dut- 
ton — Hon. William D: Williamson — Hon. Dauiel Sanbojn — Hon. 
Enoch Brown — Hon. John Godfrey — James Godfrey — Hon. Thomas 
A. Hill — Hon. Thornton McGaw — Hon. Charles Stetson — Charles 
P. Stetson— Hon, Sanmel F. Humphrey — Hon. H;nry C. Goode- 
now— Hon. Israel Washburn— Hon. Harris M. Plaisted— Hon. 
Elisha H. Allen— Hon. .Albert G. Jewett— Hon. .Allen tJilman— 
Peleg Chandler— Hon. William Abbot— Hon. Hannibal Hamlin— 
Hon. Elijah L. Hamlin— General Charles Hamlin— Hon. .Albert 
G. Wakefield— Hon. Henry E. Prentiss— Hon. Josiah Crosby— 
Hon. Lewis Barker— Hon. Thomas W. Vose— Oliver Leonard — 
Jacob McGaw— George Starrett— Charles Gilman— James S. Rowe 
-Jonathan P. Rogers— Samuel Garnsey— Theophilus P. Chandler- 
George B. .Moody— George W. IngersoU— William T. HiUiard— 
Nathaniel Wilson— William H. McCrilUs— Moses L. .Appleton— 
Frederick H. Appleton— Albert W. Paine— Frederick Hobbs— Na- 
than Weston, jr.— Thomas J. Copeland— William C. Crosby— David 



Barker — Ichabod D. Bartlett — Matthias Weeks — Marcellus Emery — 
Henry L. Mitchell- Charles A. Bailey— John A. Blanchard— T. F. 
McFadden — Genejal John F. .Appleton — William A. Blake — John 
H. Hilliard— Joshua Hill — Francis Eugene Bond — Colonel Jasper 
Hatchings — Horace B. Chamberlain — George W. Whitney — James 
\\'. Donigan — ^James H. Burgess — .Abraham Sanborn — Franklin A. 
Wilson — ^Joseph C. Wilson — Lewis A. Barker — Louis C. Stevens. 

SUPRKME JUDICIAL COURT. 

As originally constituted, in 1820, this court consisted 
I of one chief justice and two associates. The tenn of 
the office of the judge was during good behavior, but not 
I beyond the age of seventy years. Under the Constitu- 
tion and law, as it then stood, the judges appointed 
were: Hon. Prentiss Mellen, LL. D., of Portland, chief 
justice; Hons. William P. Preble, of Portland, and 
Nathan Weston, jr., of Augusta, justices. 

Judge Preble resigned June 18, 1829, and on June 25, 
1829, Hon. Albion K. Parris, of Portland, was ap- 
pointed. 

On the nth of October, 1834, Chief Justice Mellen's 
term of office ended by constitutional limitation, and 
October 22, of the same year, Hon. Nathan \Veston was 
appointed chief justice, and the Hon. Nicholas Emery, 
of Portland, was appointed associate. 

Judge Parris resigned August 20, 1836, and on Sep- 
tember 23, 1836, Hon. Ether Shepley, of Saco, was ap- 
pointed associate. 

Under an amendment of the Constitution, pursuant to 
a resolve of the Legislature of March 14, 1849, the term 
of all judicial officers was limited to seven years. 

Judge Emery's term expired October 21, 1841, and 
on October 23, 1841, John S. Tenney, of Norridgewock, 
was appointed associate; C. T. Weston's term having ex- 
pired on October 21, 1841. 

On December 10, 1841, Ezekiel Whitman, of Port- 
land, was appointed chief justice. 

July 22, 1847, by an act of the Legislature, the num- 
ber of associate justices was increased to three, and on 
September 28, 1847, Samuel Wells, of Portland, was ap- 
pointed associate justice. 

The court, as then constituted, consisted of Hon. 
Ezekiel Whitman, LL. D., chief justice ; Hons. Ether 
Shepley, John S. Tenney, Samuel Wells, justices. 

Judge Whitman resigned October 23, 1848, and on 
the same day Ether Shepley was appointed chief justice, 
and Joseph Howard, of Portland, associate. The court 
then was: Hon. Ether Shepley, LL. D., chief justice; 
Hons. John S. Tenney, LL. D., Samuel Wells, Joseph 
Howard, justices. 

April 9, 1852, the Legislature passed an act abolishing 
the district courts, and transferred their jurisdiction to 
the Supreme Judicial Court, adding to that tribunal three 
more justices. The three additional justices were ap- 
pointed May II, 1852, and were Richard D. Rice, of 
Augusta; Joshua W. Hathaway, and John Appleton, of 
Bangor. The court then stood : Hon. Ether Shepley, 
LL. D., chief justice; Hons. John Sewall Tenney, LL. D., 
Samuel Wells, Joseph Howard, Richard D. Rice, Joshua 
W. Hathaway, John Appleton, justices. 

March 31, 1854, Judge Howard resigned, and on 



196 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



April 20, 1854, Jonas Cutting, of Bangor, was appointed 
to the vacancy. 

March 16, 1S55, an act was passed providing for the 
appointment of an additional justice, and, on May 6th, 
Seth May, of Winthrop, was appointed. By this act it 
was provided that four justices, including the chief jus- 
tice, should be designated from the members of the 
court, for the purpose of hearing and determining all 
questions of law and equity, and for the trial of capital 
offenses. The members designated were: Hon. Ether 
Shepley, LL. D., chief justice; Hons. John S. Tenney, 
LL. D,, Richard D. Rice, John Ai)pleton. 

Judge Shepley's term expired October 22, 1855, and 
Judge Tenney was appointed chief justice. The court, 
as then organized, was: Hon. John S. Tenney, LL. D. 
chief justice; Hons. Richard D. Rice, Joshua AY. Hath- 
away, John Appleton, Jonas Cutting, Seth May, Daniel 
Goodenow, associates. 

April 9, 1856, this law was repealed as to its main fea- 
tures, and the number of justices was to be reduced to 
seven in all, when a vacancy should occur. The number of 
eight justices, however, was retamed by an enactment in 
1857, which was incorporated into the Revised Statutes. 

The justices appointed, since the appointment of 
Judge May, have been Woodbury Davis,* of Portland; 
Daniel Goodenow, f of Alfred; Edward Kent, of Ban- 
gor, appointed May 11, 1859, and re-appointed May 11, 
1866; Jonathan G. Dickerson,| of Belfast; Edward 
Fox,§ of Portland: Charles W. Walton, of Portland; 
William G. Barrows, || of Brunswick; Charles Danforth,11 
of Gardiner; Rufus P. Tapley,** of Saco; William AVirt 
Virgin, tt of Portland; John A. Peters, of Bangor, ap- 
pointed May 20, 1873, re-appointed in May, 1880; 
Artemas Libbey,J| of Augusta; and Joseph AA'. Sy- 
monds,§§ of Portland. 

Judge Shepley held the office of chief justice until 
October 22, 1855, when Judge Tenney was appointed 
chief justice. He held the office until October 23, 
1862, when Judge Appleton was appointed chief justice; 
and the court as now constituted is: Hon. John Apple- 
ton, LL. D., chief justice; Hon. Charles A\'. AA'alton, 
Hon. AVilliam G. Barrows, LL. D., Hon. Charles Dan- 
forth, Hon. AVilliam AVirt Virgin, Hon. John A. Peters, 
Hon. Artemas Libbey, Hon.Joseph AV.Symonds, justices. 

All the justices have, at different times, attended the 
courts in Bangor; but the nisi prius terms in Penobscot 
county have been mainly held since Judge Appleton 
came upon the bench, by either himself. Judge Hatha- 
way, Judge Cutting, Judge Kent, or Judge Peters. Occa- 
sionally some other judge has presided. 

♦Appointed October lo, 1855; removed .^pril, 1856; re-appointed 
February 25, 1857; resigned 1865. 
•f-Appointed Octolier, 1835. 
^Appointed October 24, 1862; re-appointed 1869. 
gAppoinled October, 1862; resigned 1863. 
Il.^ppointed March, 1863; re-appointed 1870, 1877. 
IfAppointed January, 1864; re-appointed January, 1871. 
** Appointed December 21, 1865. 
•j-t-Appointed December, 1872. 
J:fAppointed .April 24, 1875. 
§§Appointed October 16, 1878. 



THE ATTORNEY-GENERALS OF THE STATE, 

from Penobscot county have been : 

1832 — Jonathan P. Rogers, of Bangor. 
1844 — AVyman B. S. Moore, of Bangor. 
1848 — Samuel H. Blake, of Bangor. 
i860 — George AV. Ingersoll, of Bangor. 
1864 — John A. Peters, of Bangor. 
1873 — Harris M. Plaisted, of Bangor. 

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. 

This court was organized by the Massachusetts Legisla 
ture in 181 1, as the "Circuit Court of Common Pleas." 
There were three circuits, the third comprising the coun- 
ties of Hancock and AYashington. The judges appointed 
for this circuit by Governor Gary were: Hon. AA'illiam 
Crosby, of Belfast, chief justice; Hon. Martin Kinsley, 
of Hampden, and Hon. James Campbell, of Harrington, 
justices. Only the chief justice of this court was a 
lawyer. 

The members of the Bar in Hancock county in 1811 
who practiced in this court were: 

Abbot, William, Castine. 
Brown, Enoch, Hampden. 
Crosby, William, Belfast. 
Dulton, Samuel E. , Bangor. 
Oilman, Allen, Bangor. 
Hale, Thomas E. 
Jones, .Archibald, Frankfort. 



Little, Samuel, Bucksport. 
Nelson, Job, Castine. 
Samuel ^L Pond, Bucksport.^' 
Whiting, Samuel K., Bangor. 



.\ngier, Oakes, Belfast. 
Chapman, George T., Hampden. 
Deane, John G., Ellsworth. 
Field, Bohan P., Belfast. , 
Godfrey, John, Hampden. 
Herbert, George, Ellsworth. 
Leonard, Oliver, Orrington. 
McGaw, Jacob, Bangor. 
Pike, John 

Washburn, Philo H., Frankfort. 
Williamson, William D., Bangor. 
Wilson, John, Belfast. 

After the county of Penobscot was incorporated, 
February 15, 18 16, this court held sessions in Bangor. 
The first session was held in the old court-house, at the 
corner of Hammond and Columbia Streets, on the first 
Tuesday of July, 18 16; the next on the second Tuesday 
of November; the third on the second Tuesday of 
March, 1817; the fourth on the first Tuesday of July, 
18 1 7. After this the courts were held on the third Mon- 
day of September, first Monday of January, and second 
Monday of May, annually, until January, 1822, inclu- 
sive, when there was a new organization of the court, as 
the Court of Common Pleas of the State of Maine. At 
the sessions of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, 
Chief Justice Crosby was always present, the other jus- 
tices not always. After September, 1819, Judge Kinsley 
was not present at any of the sittings of the court. The 
Clerk of the Court was Thomas Cobb, Esq. 

Governor King appointed to the Bench of the Court 
of Common Pleas for all the State: Hon. Ezekiel 
AA'hitman, of Portland, Chief Justice; Hon. Samuel E. 
Smith, of Wiscasset, and Hon. David Perham, of 
Brewer, Justices. 

The first session of the court in Bangor was held on 
the third Tuesday of June, in the year 1822. Judges 
Smith and Perham were present. The court continued 
to exist until its session in January, 1839, which was its 
last. Judge Perham presided at much the larger part of 
the sessions. It was seldom there was more than one 

*Then Buckstown. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



197 



Judge upon the Bench at the same session. Occasion- 
ally the Chief Justice presided, sometimes with another 
Justice. When Judge Smith held the office of Gover- 
. nor, in 1S31 to 1834, Judge John Ruggles, of Thomas- 
1 ton, was appointed to the vacancy. In 1834 Judge Rug- 
gles went to the United States Senate, and Judge Smith 
was re-appointed. 

THE DISTRICT COURT. 

I By an act of the Legislature passed February 25, 1839, 

the Court of Common Pleas was abolished, and the Dis- 
trict Court established with similar jurisdiction, though 
the number of Justices was enlarged, and the State was 
divided into three judicial districts, the Western, Middle, 
and Eastern. To the Eastern District, embracing the 
counties of Penobscot, Waldo, Hancock, Washington, 
and Piscataquis, were assigned two judges; to each of 
the other districts, one. .Vll of the Judges, however, 
were authorized to hold the courts in any of the coun- 
ties. The Judges appointed were: Hon. Daniel Good- 
enow, of Alfred, for the Western District: Hon. Asa 
Redington, jr., of .\ugusta, for the Middle District; Hon. 
Frederick H. Allen, of Bangor, and Hon. .\nson G. 
Chandler, of Calais, for the Eastern District. 

The first term of the District Court was held by Judge 
Chandler, on the fourth Tuesday of May, 1839. Judge 
Allen retired from the Bench in 1843, ^nd Hon. Joshua 
W. Hathaway, of Bangor, was appointed Judge of that 
court, and held the last term in January, 1852. After 
the District Court was abolished Judge Hathaway was 
appointed a Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, May 
II, 1852. 

CLERKS OF COURT. 

The Clerks of the Courts in the county .^^ince 1816 
have been; 

Thom.TS Cobb from t8i6 to J.inuary 3, 1821, inclusive 

Isaac Hodsdon, of Corinth .... to October, 1836, inclusive 

Elliot Vaughan {pro turn. ) to Januari.-, 1837. 

Charles Stetson, of Bangor to January 3, 1838, inclusive 

James -Adams, of Exeter to October 3, 1838, inclusive 

Charles Stetson, of Bangor,... to January 3, 1841, inclusive 

Isaac .S. Whitman, of Bangor. . to January 3, 1842, inclusive 

William T, HiUiard, of Oldtow n to October 3, 1853, inclusive 

.Nathan Weston, jr., of Orono. . to October 3, 1858, inclusive 

Augustus S. French, of De.vter.. to October 3, 1864, inclusive 

Ezra C. Brett, of Oldtown to October 3, 1876, inclusive 

James H. Burgess, of "Winn. ... to October 3, 1879, inclusive 

Kuel .Smith, of Bangor elected for three years from January, 1880 

PROIJ.VTE COURT. 

The Probate Court for the county of Penobscot was 
established in 1816. The first term was held June 24th 
of that year; the last, July 3, 1820. .\fter the separation 
of Maine from Massachusetts the court was re-org,inized. 
The following were the officers of the court : 

Judges. — Hon. Samuel E. Dutton,of Bangor, from i8i6 
to 1820; Hon. David Perham, of Brewer, from 1820 to 
1S22: Hon. Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, from 1822 to 
1825; Hon. William D. Williamson, of Bangor, from 
1825 to 1840; Hon. Samuel Coney, of Oldtown, from 
1840 to 1847; Hon. Ebenezer Oilman Rawson, of Ban- 
gor, from 1847 to, and including, 1854; Hon. Daniel 
Sanborn, of Bangor, from 1S54 to, and including, 1856; 



Hon. John E. Godfrey, of Bangor, from 1856 to, and 
including, 1880; Hon. Elliot Walker, of Newport, from 
1880 to this time. 

Until 1840 the tenure of the office of judge, under the 
Constitution, was limited (during good behavior) by the 
seventieth year of the age of the incumbent. From 
1840 to 1856 the tenure of the office was for seven years. 
.\fter 1856 Judges and Registers of Probate held their 
offices for four years, and were elected by the people on 
the second Monday of September prior to January, when 
the tenure of the office commenced. 

Judge Dutton's term was limited by the re-organiza- 
tion of the court ; Judge Perhanvs by his appointment 
as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; Judge Kins- 
ley's by the age of seventy years; Judge Williamson's by 
an amendment of the Constitution limiting the tenure to 
seven years; Judge Coney's by the limitation of seven 
years; Judge Rawson's by the same limitation; Judge 
Sanborn's by the amendment of the Constitution mak- 
ing the office elective; and Judge Godfrey's by the expi- 
ration of the term succeeding his sixth election by the 
people. Prior to 1857 the offices of judge and register 
were held by executive appointment. 

Register .Allen Gilm.an, Esq., of Bangor from 1816 to 1820 

Register .Alexander Savage, Esq., of Bangor from 1820 to 1836 

Register Mason S. Palmer, Esq., of Corinth to 1841 

Register Henry V. Poor, Esq., of Bangor to 1842 

Register John Williams, Esq., of Bangor to 1850 

Register James F. Rawson. Esq., of Bangor to 1854 

Register Henry P. Haynes, Esq., of Corinth to 1857 

Register Joseph Bartlett, Esq., of Bangor to his death, 1870 

Register .Ambrose C. Flint, Esq., of Bangor to 1879 

Probably no court ever had a more efficient and valu- 
able clerical officer than Mr. Flint. Being a good writer, 
his records are clearly, correctly, and systematically kept; 
all his duties are faithfully attended to. In office hours 
always at his post, always diligent, always pleasant and 
accommodating, and always ready to give assistance 
and information, whether it comes within the scope of 
his duty or not. He is a universal favorite with all hav- 
ing business in the probate office, of whatever complex- 
ion in politics or religion. He is an officer in regard to 
whom the civil service rule should be held strictly 
inviolate. 

Register John F. Robinson, Esq. , of Lincoln present incumbent. 

Mr. Robinson very wisely continues Mr. Flint in the 
office. 

THE COURT OF SESSION'S. 

Prior to the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, 
this court, which had general jurisdiction in regard to 
highways and other county matters, was held in the 
county of Penobscot, beginning in July, 1616. It was 
designated as the Court of Common Pleas, sitting as a 
Court of Sessions. \l this session, held on the first 
Tuesday of July, and at all subsequent sessions until 
1819, the court had associated with it two justices of the 
peace of the county. The first session was held by 
Hon. William Crosby, chief justice ; Hon. Martin Kins- 
ley, justice; Moses Patten, Esq., Moses Greenleaf, Esq., 
sessions justices. 

After the session held on the last Tuesday of June, 



198 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1819, under the Commonwealth, the court was organized 
simply as the Court of Sessions, and the justices were: 
Hon. Enoch Brown, chief justice; Moses Patten, Esq., 
Moses Greenleaf, Esq., justices. 

This organization continued until the first terra, in 
September, 1820, when Hon. Enoch Brown, chief jus- 
tice, and Isaac Hodsdon, Esq., held the court, which con- 
tinued thus constituted until the May term of 1831, when 
Hon. Enoch Brown, chief justice, and Ephraim Goodale, 
Esq., Seba French, Esq., associates, constituted the court. 
The court thus continued until September, 1822, when 
SebaFrench, Esq., and Ephraim Goodale, Esq., held the 
court. In March, 1823, the court was: Hon. John God- 
frey, chief justice ; Seba Fretich, Esq., Ephraim Good- 
ale, associates ; and thus continued through the Decem- 
ber term, 1824. At the April term, 1825, the court was: 
Hon. Amos Patten, chief justice ; Ephraim Goodale, 
Esq., Seba French, Esq., associates ; and so continued 
through December, 1826. At the April term, 1827, the 
court was: Hon. Edward Kent, chief justice; Ephraim 
Goodale, Esq., Seba French, Esq., associates ; and so 
continued through the December term, 1828. At the 
April term, 1829, the court was ; Hon. Thomas A. Hill, 
chief justice; Seba French, Esq., Ephraim Goodale, 
Esq., associates ; and so continued through the Decem- 
ber term, 1830. At the April term, 183 1, the court was: 
Hon. Thomas A. Hill, chief justice, and Ephraim Good- 
ale, Esq., associate. 

COUNTY COM.MISSIONERS' COURT. 

An act was passed by the Legislature March lo, 1831, 
substituting for the Court of Sessions three suitable per- 
sons as County Commissioners — one to be designated as 
Chairman by his Commission — and all to hold their 
offices for four years, unless sooner removed hy the Gov- 
ernor and Council. They were commissioned by the 
Governor, with the consent of the Council. The act 
went into effect May 16, 1831. The Commissioners ap- 
pointed were: Hon. Thomas A. Hill, Chairman; Hons. 
Ephraim Goodale and Joseph Kelsey, associates; and 
they held the September term, 1831, and continued until 
the April term, 1833, when the Court was: Hon. Thomas 
A. Hill, Chairman; Hons. Joseph Kelsey and George 
VVaugh, associates; and continued until the April term, 
1834, when the court was: Hon. Thomas A. Hill, Chair- 
man; Hons. George Waugh and William R. Lowney, as- 
sociates; and continued until 1835, when'Ufc^ court was: 
Hon.Thornton McGaw, Chairman; Hons. George Waugh 
and William R. Lowney, associates; and continued until 
1837, when Hon. f^benezer G. Rawson, Chairman; Hons. 
William R. Lowney and Joshua Chamberlain, jr., asso- 
ciates, composed the court, and continued until 1838, 
when Hon. Samuel Butman, Chairman; Hons. Ebenezer 
Webster and William C. Hammatt, associates, composed 
the court, and continued until 1839, when Hon. Fred- 
erick A. Fuller, Chairman ; Hons. Joshua Chamberlain, jr., 
and Edmund Pilsbury, associates, composed the court, 
and continued until 1841, when Hon. Samuel Butman, 
Chairman; Hons. William C. Hammatt and Aaron A. 
Wing, associates, composed the court, and continued 



until 1842, when Hon. Daniel Emery, Chairman; Hons. 
Gilman M. Burleigh and Amzi Libbey, associates, com- 
posed the court until 1844, when the Governor ceased to 
appoint. The Legislature of 1844 amended the law, 
and provided that the Commissioners should be elected 
by the people, the Chairman to be designated by the 
Commissioners. Of the three Commissioners, the one 
having the highest number of votes was to hold for three 
years; the one having the next highest number was to 
hold for two years, the one having the lowest number for 
one year. Alter the first election, a commissioner was to 
be elected each succeeding year. The following Com- 
missioners have been elected under this act : — 



1844- 



184s- 
1844- 
1846- 
1847- 
1848- 
1849- 
1850- 
1851- 
1852- 

1853- 
1854- 

1856- 
1857- 
1858- 
1859- 
1860- 
1861- 
1862- 
1863- 
1864- 
1865- 
1866- 
1867- 



1870- 
1871- 
1872- 
1873- 
1874- 

1875- 
1876- 
1877- 
1878- 
1879- 
1880- 



-Hon. Rufus Gilmore (for three years), Chairman. 

Hon. John Dunning (for one year). 

Hon. Jacob W. Stinchfield (for two years). 

Hon. Jacob W. Stinchfield, Chairman for 1845. 

Hon. Rufus Gilmore. 
-Hon. Noah Barker, Chairman in 1847. 
-Hon. Rufus Gilmore, Chairman for 1846. 
•Hon. Thomas C. Burleigh, Chairman for 1848. 

■ Hon. Joseph W. Eaton, Chairman for 1849. 
-Hon. Luther Wadleigh, Chairman for 1850. 
-Hon. Joseph Porter, Chairman for 1851. 
-Hon. Hiram Ruggles, Chairman for-1852. 
-Hon. Augustus S. French, Chairman for 1853. 
-Hon. John Dow, Chairman for 1835. 

-Hon. .Alvin Haynes, Chairman for 1854. 
-Hon. Daniel M. Haskell, Chairman for 1856. 
-Hon. Lore .41ford, Chairman for 1857. 
-Hon. John H. Hinckley. Chairman for 1858. 
■Hon. Gorhani Davis, Chairman for 1S59. 
■Hon. John H. Patten, Chairman for i860. 
■Hon. Jacob L. Barker, Chairman for 1861. 
-Hon. Solomon Dunning, Chairman for 1862. 
-Hon. Thomas .S. Hanney, Chairman for 1863. 
-Hon. John S. Patten, Chairman for 1864. 
-Hon. Campbell Bachelder, Chairman for 1865. 
-Hon. Lore .Alford, Chairman for i856. 
-Hon. Asahel W. McMahon, Chairman for 1867 
-Hon. Simon G. Jerrard, Chairman for 1868. 
-Hon. Alfredo. Ingersoll, Chaiiman for 1869. 
-Hon. Josiah S. Bennoch, Chairman for 1870. 
-Hon. Israel B. Norcross, Chairman for 1871. 
-Hon. Francis A. Reed, Chairman for 1872. 
■Hon. Jesse Hinks, Chairman for 1873. 
-Hon. Simon G. Jerrard, Chairman for 1874. 
-Hon. William H. Chesley, Chairman for 1875. 
-Hon. Benjamin B. Thomas, Chairman for 1876. 
Hon, Willard B. Ferguson, Chairman for 1S77. 

■ Hon. Hiram Stevens, Chairman for 1878. 
-Hon. John Kimball, Chairman for 1879. 
■Hon. George B, Leavitt, Chairman for 1880. 
-Hon. Joseph W. Eaton, Chairman for 1881. 
-Hon. Joseph W. Burke. 

■Hon. Henrv \V. Briggs. 



BANGOR CITY COURTS — MUNICIPAL. 

This court, which had concurrent jurisdiction with the 
justices courts of the county, was established soon after 
the adoption of the city charter, in March, 1834. The 
officers were appointed by the Governor — Hon. Charles 
Stetson, judge; Reuben S. Prescott, esq., recorder. Judge 
Stetson held the office nearly three years, when he was 
appointed clerk of the court. The Governor appointed 
to succeed him, in February, 1837, Hon. Samuel Farrar, 
judge, who held the office until October, 1837, when the 
Governor appointed Hon. John McDonald judge. He 
held the office until May, 1839, when a court called 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



199 



THE POLICE COURT 

was established instead of the Municipal Court, which 
ceased to exist by tlie repeal of the provision of the city 
charter establishing it. In 1S38, Recorder Prescott was 
displaced, and Samuel Morison, Esq., 'was appointed re- 
corder. In January, 1839, Mr. Prescott was again ap- 
pointed recorder, and held the office until May, 1839. 
The judge appointed to the police court was Hon. Gus- 
tavus G. Cushman. The recorder of this court seems to 
have been an estray. His name does not appear. A 
person competent to judge, who examined the records, 
says: "It would be safe to assert that a more uneven, dis- 
orderly, uncomely, straggling, bushvvhacking set of judi- 
cial dockets is not to be found in any civilized commu- 
nity during any seven years of its court history. Evidently 
the recorder's talent did not lie in his clerical habits and 
tastes. His penmanship, like the manner of some men 
when under excitement, partook more of the fortiler in 
re than of the simi'ihr in iiiodo."* 

On one occasion there were before Judge Cushman, 
as opposing counsel, those eminent lawyers, Albert G. 
Jewett and the late Judge Cutting. Mr. Jewett by one 
of his exasperating ebullitions disturbed the equanimity 
of Mr. Cutting, who retorted by threatening to kick him 
down stairs. 

"Mr. Cutting! AI?: Cutting!'' was the sharp rebuke of 
the court. 

"With your honors leave," said Mr. Cutting, submis- 
sively; and the court was mollified. 

Judge Cushman held the office of judge seven years, 
and was succeeded by Hon. Spencer A. Pratt, judge, an 
undemonstrative but u[)right magistrate. His term ex- 
pired in May, 1853, when he was succeeded by Hon. 
John L. Hodsdon, judge, "who discharged the duties of 
the office with ability and dispatch" until June, 1855. 
Then a new court went into operation, established by an 
act of March 17, 1855, which provided for an appeal to 
a jury, which might be summoned at the instance of the 
party appealing, also for four legular jury terms in the 
course of a year. This court bore the name of 

MUNICIPAL COURT, 

and the officers appointed by the Governor were Hon. 
Alpheus Lyon, judge, Benjamin F. Mudgett, Esq., re- 
corder. This court, "during its short career of nine 
months, did efficient and satisfactory work." It was pre- 
sided over with dignity and impartiality, and its juries 
were remarkable for intelligence and business capacity. 
This court was not only efficient but was reputed to be 
self-sustaining, notwithstanding which, on February 28, 
1836, by an act of the Legislature it was niade to give 
place to a court called the 

POLICE COURT. 

By an amendment, March 14, 1856,3 recorder was given 
this court. Under an amendment of the Constitution 
the office of judge had become elective by the citizens, 
to hold for four years. At the annual election the citi- 

* These were simply the docket records; The extended records were 
D another band, and are legible, neat, and systematic. 



zens gave their suffrages in favor of Hon. Spencer A. 
Pratt, judge. The Governor appointed Colby A. Jordan, 
Esq., recorder. He held the office until January, 1857, 
when Hon. Alpheus Lyon was appointed recorder. Judge 
Lyon held this office by five successive appointments for 
twenty years, during which period he performed its duties 
with eminent success. At the age of eighty-six, when 
his eye had become dim, but otherwise "his natural force 
but little abated, he declined to be a candidate for re-ap- 
pointment." During this period the incumbent of the 
judge's office by election was Hon. Spencer A. Pratt 
until 1 860, when the people elected Hon. Samuel F. Hum- 
phrey judge. Judge Humphrey was re-elected in 1864, 
and held the office until 1868, when the people elected 
Hon. Whiting S. Clark judge. Judge Clark was re- 
elected in 1872, and resigned in 1873. He was suc- 
ceeded in May of that year by Hon. Henry C. Goodenow, 
judge. During his judgeship the Constitution was again 
amended, and provided that municipal judges should be 
appointed by the Governor. At the expiration of four 
years Judge Goodenow was appointed by the Governor, 
and held the office until December 22, 1880, when he 
resigned, and the Governor appointed Hon. Ezra C. 
Brett judge, and he now holds the position. In Janu- 
ary, 1877, the Governor appointed to succeed Judge 
Lyon Nathan L. Perkins, Flsq., recorder, and he is the 
present incumbent, having been re appointed. 

COUNTY ATTORNEYS. 

Jacob McGaw, Bangor, from i8r6 to 1821. 
John Godfrey, Bangor, from 1825 to 1832. 
Albert G. Jewett. Bangor, from 1832 to 1838. 
William H. McCrillis, Bangor, during 1838. 
Cliarles C. Cusliman, Bangor, during 1839 and 1840. 
George B. Moody, Bangor, during i84r. 
Charles C. Cushman, Bangor, during 1841 and 1842. 
Gorham Parl<s, Bangor, in 1843, 1844, and 1845. 
Isaiah Waterhouse. Newport, from 1845 to 1852. 
.Asa Waterhouse, Bangor, during 1852. 
John Buinliam, Lincoln, from 1852 to 1856. 
John H. Milliard, Oldtown, from r856 to 1859. 
Charles C. Crosby, Bangor, from 1859 to 1862. 
Charles P. Stetson, Bangor, from 1862 to 1874. 
Jasper Hutchings, Brewer, from 1S74 to 1880. 
Benjamin H. Mace, Bangor, from 1880 to this time. 

SHERIFFS. 

Jedediah Herrick, Hampden, from iSi6 to 1822. 

Royal C'lark, Bangor, to 1826. 

John Wilkins, Bangor, to 1829. 

L')aniel Wilkins. Charleston, to 1836. 

Joshua Carpenter, Bangor, to 1837. 

Otis Small, Bangor, to 1838. 

J. Wingate Carr, Bangor, to 1839. 

H.astings Strickland, Bangor, to 1843. 

Jabez True, Bangor, to 1851. 

John S. Chadwick, Bangor, to 1854. 

Francis W. Hill, Exeter, to 1855. 

Charles D. Gilmore, Bangor, to 1861. 

John .S. Chadvvick, Bangor, to 1865. 

John H. Wilson, Bangor, to 1875. 

Simon G. Jerrard, Bangor, to 1879. 

Lewis F. Stratton. Lincoln, to this time 

THE MEMBERS OF THE BAR 

of Penobscot County, as nearly as they could be ascer- 
tained from 1820 up to October, 1881, have been as fol- 
lows; 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






[ d indicates dead ; r, removed from the county.] 

(/Abbot, William, Bangor. ^Z Adams, James, Exeter, 

fl' Additon, B. C, Bangor. (/ Agry, David. Oldtown. 

Allen, Elisha H., Bangor. i/ Allen, Frederick H., Bangor, 

r Andrews, H. H., Bangor. rf Angier, George C. Bangor. 

Appleton, John, Bangor. </ Appleton, John F., Bangor. 

(/ Appleton, Moses L., Bangor. r Bachelder, George W., Bangor. 

Bailey, Charles A.. Bangor. // Barker, David, Exeter. 

Barker, Lewis, Bangor. Barker, Lewis A., Bangor. 

d Bartlett, Ichabod D., Bangor. d Bartlett, Thomas, jr., Bangor. 

?- Belcher, Samuel, Orono. Bell, John L, Carmel. 

Benjamin, S. E., Patten. r Bennett, Milo M., Bangor. 

Benson, John L., Newport. Blake, Edward A., Bangor. 

Blake, Samuel H., Bangor. Blanchard, John A., Oldtown. 

a Bond, Francis E., Bangor. Bonine, , Bangor. 

Bradbury, Albion P.. Eddington. Brett. Ezra C, Bangor. 

Brett, Victor, Bangor. Briggs. Andrew H., Bangor. 

r Brinley, Francis F. , Bangor. */ Brown, Augustus J., Bangor. 

Brown, Charles P. Bangor. if Brown, Enoch E. , Bangor. 

rf Brown, Enoch, Bangor. r Brown, George W., Bangoi. 

d Brown, TheodoreS., Bangor. r Bryant, Xahum F., Bangor, 

Burgess. James H., Corinna. r Burnham, John, Lincoln. 

Carr, Joseph. Bangor. </ Chamberlain. Horace B., Bangor. 

f/ Chandler, Peleg. Bangor. r Chandler, Theophilus P.. Bangor. 

Chapman. A. J., Bangor. Clark, W. C, Lincoln. 

r Clark, Whitney S., Bangor. r Clement, H. F., Bangor. 

Clergue, F, H. , Bangor. </ Cleveland, Jas.B., Passadumkeag. 

d Cooley, George W., Bangor. d Coombs, John J., Bangor. 

if Cony, Samuel, Bangor. r Copeland, Thomas J.. Oronu. 

d Crosby, Charles S., Bangor. Crosby. Josiah, De.Mer. 

(/Crosby, William C, Hangor. Cushman, Charles .\., Lee. 

// Cushman, Charles C, Bangor. </ Cushman, Gustavus G., Bangor. 

d Cutting, Jonas. Bangor. Davis, Charles, Bangor. 

Davis, Daniel F.. Bangur. Davis. Ira W., East Corinth. 

r Dinsmore, Samuel P., Bangor. Donegan, J. W., Bangor. 

d Dutton, George P.. Bangor. r Dutton, Samuel E., Bangor. 

rf Emery, Marcellus, Bangor. Estes, J. E. , Winn. 

r Evans, W. A., Bangor. Fernald, B. F., Winn. 

r Fessenden, William, Bangor. f/ Fessenden, William Pitt, Bangor. 

r Field, Henry C, Lee. (/ Flagg. Edmund W. , Bangor. 

Floyd, F. A., Brewer. (/Forbes, Thomas J., Bangor. 

r Forbes. Kendall P., Bangor. (/Fuller, Frederick K., Orono. 

(/ Garnsey, Samuel, Bangor. r Garnsey, Thomas H., Bangor. 

f/ Oilman, Allen, Bangor. t/ Oilman, Charles. Bangor. 

Gilmore, Otis, Brewer. </ Godfrey, John, Bangor. 

Godfrey, John E., Bangor. /-Godfrey, John F., Bangor. 

r Gooch, Daniel W., Bangor. Goodenow, Henry C, Hangor. 

r Goodwin, Thomas J., Orono. (/Haines, Allen, Bangor. 

f/ Haines, Sullivan L., Bangor. d Hale, S. A., Bangor. 

Hall, George W., Bangor. Hamblen, Frank, Oldtown. 

Hamlin, Charles, Bangor. (/Hamlin, Elijah L., Bangor. 

Hamlin, Hannibal, Hampden. d Hatch, Nathaniel, Bangor. 

(/Hathaway, Joshua W. , Bangor. Haynes, Henry P., Charleston. 

r Hersey, Charles N., Bangor. r Hill, John B., Bangor. 

d Hill, Joshua, Hampden. d Hilliard, John H., Oldtown. 

Hilliard, William T., Bangor. Hinckley, Bushrod W., Orono. 

rf Hobbs, Frederick, Bangor. r Hodgdon, John, Bangor. 

HoUsdon, John L., Bangor. Holmes, James S., Foxcroft. 

Humphrey, Samuel F., Bangor. d Hunton, Jona G., Dixmont. 

Hutchings, Jasper, Brewer. (/ IngersoU, George W., Bangor. 

rjevvett, Albert G., Bangor. rjewett, Daniel T., Bangor. 

d Kelly, Webster, Bangor. d Kent, Edward. Bangor. 

r Kent, George, Bangur. d Knowles, Abner, Bangor. 

rKnowllon, J. W., Oldtown. Laughton, Frederick M., Bangor. 

r LeBrelon, E. L. Bangor. d Leonard, Oliver, Bangor. 

Mace, Benjamin H., Bangor. /'Matthews, S. W., Hampden. 

Mason, John R., Bangor. Mayo, H. W., Hampden. 

(5^ McCrillis, David, Bangor. McCrillis, W^illiam H., Bangor. 

d McDonald, John, Bangor. /• McFadden, D. F., Orono. 

(/McGaw, Jacob, Bangor. (/ McGaw, Thornton, Bangor. 

rf McLellan, Samuel, Dexter. Mitchell, Henry L., Bangor. 

d Moody. George B., Bangor. Moody, George T.. Bangor. 

£/ Moor, Wyman B. S., Bangor, 

r Morrison, H. G. O.. Bangor. /■ Mudgett, Benjamin F., Bangor. 

(/Norton, Milford P., Bangoi. r Nutter, Charles C, Bangor. 

Paine, Albert W. . Bangor. r Paine, T. B., Bangor. 



d Paine, William, Bangor. 
r Parker, Frederick, Bangor. 
r Parks, Rufus, Bangor, 
r Perkins, Joseph H., Bangor. 
d Perley, Jeremiah, Orono. 
Plaisted, Harris M., Bangor. 
r Piper, Martin V. B., Bangor. 
(/ Poor, John A., Bangor. 
Powers. DonH., Newport. 
Pratt, Spencer A., Bangor. 
7- Prentiss, Addison, Lee. 
(/Preston, Warren. Bangor. 
(/ Rawson, Ebenezer G., Bangor. 
;■ Rice, John H., Bangor. 
Robinson, John F. , Bangor. 
(/ Rogers, Jonathan P., Bangor, 
Sanborn, Abraham, Bangor. 
/Seaman, James M.. Hampden. 
Sewall, George P., Oldtown. 
r Shaw, Frederick E., Bangor. 
Simpson, A. L. , Bangor. 
Smith, Bert L., Bangor. 
Sprague, VolneyA., Dexter. 
(/Starrett, George, Bangor. 
Stetson, Charles, Bangor. 
Stetson, Edward, Bangor. 
Towle, E. B.. W^inn. 
Varney, John. Bangor. 
Waldron. L. B. , Dextei. 
Walker, Elliot, Newport, 
r Warren, A. S., Hampden. 
Warren, J. D., Bangor. 
d Waterhouse, Asa, Bangor. 
d Weeks, Matthias, Orono. 
Weston, Nathan, Jr., Bangor. 
(3? Whiting, Samuel K., Bangor. 
d W^ilcox, George W., Dixmont. 



d Palmer, Andrew T., Bangor. 
r Parks, Gorham, Bangor. 
d Perham, David, Bangor. 
Perkins, Nathan L., Bangor. 
Peters, John A. , Bangor. 
Pierce, T. H. B., Dexter. 
r Plummer, Stanley, Bangor. 
r Poor, Henry V., Bangor. 
/• Pratt, George W., Dexter. 
Preble, Hiram J., Bangor. 
d Prentiss, Henry E., Bangor, 
r Randall, A. J., Passadumkeag. 
Rawson, James F., Bangor. 
/'Roberts, Charles P., Bangor. 
d Robinson, Silvanus W., Bangor. 
Rowe, James S., Bangor. 
Sanborn, Daniel, Bangor. 
Seavey. W. F. , Bangor. 
Sewall. George T., Oldtown. 
</ Shepley, George F. , Bangor. 
(/ Smith, Augustus C, Bangor. 
Smith, Ruel, Bangor. 
Sprague, M., Dexter. 
Stearns, Lewis C. , Springfield. 
Stetson, Charles P. , Bangor. 
/•Stevens, Thomas H. , Bangor. 
(/ Upton, Francis H., Bangor. 
Wakefield, .\lbert G., Bangor. 
d Walker, Asa, Bangor. 
d Walker. WiUiam L., Newport. 
(/ Warren, Henry, Bangor. 
/Washburn, Israel, Jr., Orono. 
(/ Waterhouse, Isaiah, Bangor. 
Weston, George M.. Bangor. 
(/ Whitney, George W. , Newport. 
(/ Wiggin, Benjamin, Jr., Bangor. 



/•York, Waldo P., Bangor. 

[governor Washburn's eulogy. 
At the Orono Centennial in 1874, at which Ex- 
Governor Israel VV^ashburn, formerly a lawyer in that 
place, j:)ronounced the principal address, he gave the fol- 
lowing eulogistic remarks to a member of the attorneys 
in this list: 

What a Bar the county of Penobscot could boast thirty or forty 
years ago ! Some of its members are still in practice in the county; 
there are upon the bench of our highest court those referred to in the 
address, and the learned and accomplished Chief Justice Appleton, 
who, happier than Lord Brougham, knew everything, including law. 
Of the older lawyers, who were about ready to retire from the courts 
when I came to this county, and who have since passed away, I re- 
member the manly form and pleasant features of Jacob McGaw, the 
early friend and correspondent of Daniel Webster, by whom he was 
visited in his Bangor home seventy years ago, a lawyer of the old 
school, patient, faithful, persevering, strong. Alien Oilman, the first 
Mayor of Bangor, a man of smaller frame than McGaw, but of not less 
intellectual power; keen, clear, incisive, and indomitable — if sharp of 
tongue on occasion, warm and generous in heart ; William D. Wil- 
liamson, a lawyer, historian, and politician — hke the triune bear he 
has immortalized, three varieties in one character : William Abbot, tall 
and angular in body, but of well-proportioned and symmetrical mind, 
and of incorrigible honesty : J<jhn Godfrey, sensible, diligent, and of 
unspotted integrity : Peleg Chandler, in immense top-boots and with 
cane in hand, the most noticeable form that walked the Bangor streets 
for many a year ; his florid eloquence was especially dangerous to de- 
fendants in actions for breach of promise to marry, and against towns 
for damages by reason of defective highways; while among those who 
were then in the bloom and strength of their years, but have since fol- 
lowed their seniors to the silent land, were Jonathan P. Rogers; . 

George B. Moody, who was a careful and well-educated lawyer, 
and no "prentice-hand" at writing political-convention resolutions, 
and a true gentleman withal, but did not possess the sense of hnmor that 
shone so brightly in his brother in the profession — Thornton McGaw. 
a gentleman whose memory i« a benediction, in whom strong and sav- 
ing common-sense, culture, and exquisite humor were so admirably 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



201 



mixed that one could only see that while all ihese cjiialitics were present 
in force, no one was crowded by the others; and there u as another 
whom r cannot forget, whom it was always good to sec and is now 
pleasant and profitable to remember for his delightful companionship 
and his genuine manliness — Elijah Livermore Hamlin. 

But these brief reminiscences must not be left without some mention 
oftheludge in whose court these gentlemen of the green bag were 
wont to fight their battles and crack their jokes— the Hon. David Pcr- 
harn, an industrious man of considerable reading and gencr.al informa- 
tion, slow of speech and impervious to humor; not free. perha])s, from 
the influence of prejudice, but thoroughly honest. The anecdotes and 
stories connected with the Court of Common Pleas during the quarter 
of a century or more that Judge Perliam was upon the bench, are in- 
numerable. 

Furtlier and more extended notice of these woitbies 
will be found below, from ilie pen of Judge Godfrey. 

SOME GOOD STORIES. 

We desire to add here a nuinber of capital anecdotes of 
the old lime Bench and Bar, given by Governor Wash- 
burn in the course of his centennial address. One not 
included is related by Judge Godfrey below: 

About thij time a suit was pending in the Supreme Court of the State, 
in which the title to the farm of Valentine Page, then occupied by 
Abram Reed, w.as involved. It was a suit in equity, John Bennoch, jr . 
plaintiff, vs. Joseph Whipple, defendant, and, as Mr. Reed, whose 
testimony in the case was deemed important, was in f.iiling health, his 
deposition /« perpctiiam was taken. The counsel employed were J udgc 
Cutting and the late Hon. William Abbot, of B.angor; the justices of 
ihc peace and quorum, by whom the deposition was taken, were Hon. 
Theophilus P. Chandler, then of B.ingor and now of Boston, and my- 
s?lf. The place was the house of Reed. Opposite each other at ihe 
table were seated the lawyers and the magistrates, one upon a side, .as 
if at whist; Mr. Reed was partly reclining upon a bed, while Mrs. Rccd, 
knitting-work in hand, with eyes and cars open, w.as silting demurely 
in a corner of the room. Many of the questions asked were objected 
to as leading or otherwise improper, and the answers as illegal and in- 
admissible, and so earnest discussion on the points was carried on by 
the lawyers, when, upon one of the justices venturing to inakc a sug- 
gestion, the injunction "No talking across the board !" from a shiill, 
sharp, positive voic^ in the neighborhood of the knitting needles, 
brought the contest to a sudden close, aad the parlies to it to excellent 
humor, .■^fter this the caption proceeded quietly to the end. 

It w.is in 1834 or 1835 that a trial was progressing at Bangor, in the 
Court of Common Pleas, before Hon. David Perham, judge, in which 
it became necessary to account for the disappearance of a flock of 
sheep, and an effort was made to identify them with a large number of 
carcasses that were found in a neighboring barn, .^n Orono man, who 
was on the stand as a witness, was closely intcrrogatedas to the num- 
ber of bodies. He said there were "a good many," "But how 
many?" asked the counsel. "O, a big pile." -'How big?" "O, as 
big as the pen place that fellow sits in up yonder," replied Dudley, 
pointing to the judge. 

It was in the same court, and before the same judge, that Henri V,an 
Meter, who lived for many years in the Dudley neighborhood, was ter- 
ribly b.adgered by the counsel while he was being examined as a wit- 
ness. He had got so badly mixed up that the judge thought he would 
lielp the poor .African out of his trouble. ' ' R, r, Mr. Van Buren , was, 
it r-r— ." "Don't you say a word," expostulated Van Meter, turning to 
the Court with an expression mildly but earnestly deprecatory, "1 have 
as much as I can .attend to with these gentlemen down here." 

I remember the trial of some one whose name I am unable to recall, 
before a justice of the peace— Colonel Buffum, prob:ibly— for stealing 
corn from the grist-mill in the village, at which a witness, by the name 
of Smith, was examined by the counsel for the State. A light snow 
h.ad fallen during the night of the laiceny. and the lr.icks of a man, 
le.iding from the mill were seen in it. Smith had carefully examined 
the tr.tcks to find out if they were made by the prisoner, whose shoes 
had alio been examined, and he said they appeared to him as if they 
were made by a "man who had about two bushels of corn on his 
back." 

While the Bangor Lower Stillwater Mill Company was in the full 
tide of life -in tl'.e summer of 1836 -a son of a Boston merchant and 
[arge shareholder in the company, a rather wild boy, was sent down tj 

26 



Orono to ho kept out of harm. One day hs came into my office, under 
extreme excitement. "I want to know," siiid he, "if there is any law 
in this Stale? I have been most shamefully abused, and I won't stand 
it. I was in a shoemaker's shop in Mill street, and they all set upon 
me, and old Johnson called me a — (usng an adjective of most distinct 
blasphemj) fool, and now I want to know if I can't make him prove his 
words."] 

HON. JOHN APPLETON, LL. D., 

Chief Justice Supreme Judicial Court, was the only son 
of John and Elizabeth (Peabody) Ap|)leton, born in New 
Ipswich, New Hampshire, July 12, 1S04. In his fourth 
year his mother died, leaving, witli himself, a daughter, 
who married George Gibson and died, leaving one child, 
Charles A. Gibson, now of Bangor. He attended the 
schools in New Ipswich, and fitted for college in the 
academy of that town. He graduated at Bowdoin Col- 
lege, in the class of 1S22, studied law in the office of 
Charles F. Farley, Esq., or Groton, Massachusetts, and 
in the office of Nathan Dane Appleton, in Alfred, Maine. 
In 1826 he was admitted to piactice in Amherst, New 
Hampshire. After admission he came to Dixmont, in 
this county, whcie he remained a few months; then 
went to Sebec (at that time also in this county), where he 
practiced his [jrofcssion until 1S32, when he came to 
Bangor. Soon after he came to this ciiy he formed a 
connection in business with Elisha H. Allen. The st\lc 
of the firm was Allen & Appleton. This connection 
continued until Mr. .Mien was elected to Congress in 
1840. The business of this fu ni was very large — too 
^argc to be profitable, strange as it may seem. For a pe- 
riod their entry was one hundred and more actions a 
term, one or other of the parties in each of which was 
supposed to be good, but proved, in many cases, to be 
worthless. The prosp.erity of the cornmuniiy had been 
fallacious; the fortunes made fictitious; and when the 
law put its grasp upon them, they were so ninny puff-balls. 
Com t fees and sheriffs niust be paid, and neither creditor 
nor debtor was disposed or able to respond. But, not- 
withstanding the unprofilableness of this part of their 
practice, the part involving questions of law was much 
more satisfactory. The investigation they stimulated 
placed both menibers in the front rank of the profession. 
In 1S41 Mr. Api^lelon was made Reporter of Decisions, 
and the nineteenth and twentieth volumes of the Maine 
Reporls bear testimony to the ability with which lie per- 
formed his labor. 

After Mr. Allen withdrew from the fiim, Mr. Appleton 
was in coi)artneiship successively with John B. Hill and 
Moses L. Ajjpleton; and his business was always large. 

In 1852 the District Court had been abolished, and all 
the business of thai tribunal was transferred to the Su- 
preme Judicial Couit, provision having been made for it 
by the addition of three more justices to that court. The 
justices appointed by the Governor were Hon. Richard 
D. Rice, of Augusla, and Hon. Joshua W. Hathaway 
and Hon. John Appleton, of Bangor. 

In 1862 Judge Appleton was made Chief Justice. 
He was re-appointed in 1869, and again in 1S76, when 
seventy-two years of age. Now, at the age of seventy- 
seven, his natural vigor appears to be as great as it was at 



202 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



seventy-two; and the indications are that he will be as 
competent for re-appointment at seventy-nine years ot 
age as lie was at seventy-two. He is a ceaseless worker, 
and it would seem with him as if increase of capacity for 
labor "had grown by what it fed on." When not hearing 
cases he is in his study, and there is no abatement in the 
readiness and steadiness of his pen. He has been longer 
upon the Bench, disposed of more cases, and written 
more opinions than any other judge in Maine; and 
when he has retired, each member of the Bar can say, 
with verity: 

" He was a 'judge,' take liim for all in all, 
I shall not look upon his like again. " 

His name and work as counsel, reporter, or judge, are 
continuous in the Maine Reports for about a half a cen- 
tury — from volume nineteen to volume seventy, inclusive. 
He has never meddled with politics. He has kept him- 
self well acquainted with the literature of the day; but the 
object of his intellectual adoration has been the law. He 
has written much in relation to the rules of evidence, 
which was first published in the Jurist, and afterwards col- 
lected in a separate volume. It is understood that many 
statutory changes in the law of evidence and in other 
important branches of jurisprudence are owing to him. 

Further particulars of Judge Appleton's life and services 
are given in his biography in a subsequent part of this 
volume. 

HON. J0SHU.4 W. HATH.«VAY, 

Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, was born No 
vember lo, 1797. In 1816 he entered Dartmouth 
College, from which he went tt> Bowdoin. From the 
latter college he graduated in 1820. He held a high 
position in his class. After qualifying himself for the 
practice of law, he opened an oftice in Blue Hill in 1824. 
The next spring he removed to Ellsworth, where he ac- 
quired a large practice and became a leader in the profes- 
sion. He represented the county of Hancock one year 
in the State Senate, and came to Bangor in 1847. On 
the resignation of Judge Allen the next year he was ap- 
pointed to a seat upon the Bench of the District Court. 
After that court was abolished in 1852, he was given a 
seat upon the Bench of the Supreme Court, and held that 
position until 1859, when he resumed practice at the 
Bar. He died at the age of sixty-five. 

Judge Hathaway's reputation as a lawyer was always 
hiijh, and upon the Bench he administered the law with 
ability and impartiality. Possessed of great amiability 
and good sense, he ever avoided unpleasant collision. 
The Bar passed eulogistic resolutions at his death, 
which were presented by Hon. S. H. Blake, who said of 
him that "in his profession he acquired high rank and a 
large practice; that as a judge he presided always with 
dignity and urbanity;" that his published opinions were 
"remarkably well written," and "distinguished for their 
clearness, directness, and conciseness;" that his mind 
seemed naturally "to delight in plain statement, with 
enough only of foliage to relieve without concealing the 
size and strength of the trunk and limbs. His habits 
were plain, his tastes were plain, but he had fine culture, 



and his faculties harmoniously blended in the honest 
man, the able lawyer, and upright judge." 

Chief Justice Appleton, in response, paid a high tribute 
to his worth. He had known him from the days of his 
college life, at the Bar, in common judicial labor, and 
in the delights of social intercourse ; and in his long and 
laborious career he did not remember a harsh or unkind 
word spoken by him, an ungentlemanly expression or a 
discourteous remark. "He was satisfied with the full dis- 
charge of his duty, without scattering abroad imputations 
of fraud or allegations of dishonesty upon parties and 
upon opposing counsel. His arguments were forcible, 
though generally brief — for the jury rather than the 
public — for the cause rather than for display. 
The 5uties of judicial life were not irksome to him. 
Patient in the trial of a cause, he gave ample time to 
elicit all the facts and the attention necessary for their 
just appreciation. . . . Evenly and irnpartially 
he held the scales of justice. . . . Flis kindly 

nature, his warm affections, his cheerful temper, and his 
courteous itianners, endeared him to his friends. Enemies 
he had none." 

JONAS CUTTING, LL. D., 

Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, was born in Croy- 
don, New Hampshire, November 3, 1800. He gradu- 
ated at Dartmouth College, where Rufus Choate was his 
tutor, in the class of 1823; studied law with Henry 
Hubbard, in Charlestown, New Hampshire, and with 
Ruel Williams, Augusta, Maine, and established himself 
in Orono in 1826. He came to Bangor in 1831, and 
formed a business connection with Judge Kent; the 
style of the firm being Kent & Cutting. The practice of 
this firm was large, and its clients of the best character; 
but the members of the firm were lawyers in the best 
sense of the term. The accumulation of money was of 
secondary importance with them, and they did not be- 
come rich. Their opinion in the most important cases 
was always sought and always relied on. 

Mr. Cutting possessed a keen intellect, and had an ex- 
tensive reputation as a technical lawyer. All cases sub- 
mitted to him he examined carefully, and, with his habits 
of analysis, he was able to give always an opinion satis- 
factory to his clients, and, in many instances, to all the 
parties connected with the case. He was not a show 
lawyer ; he made no flourish in manner or matter. Be- 
fore a jury he was plain, clear, convincing ; before the 
court discriminating, direct, and forcible. All listened 
with attention, and, if not always convinced, were im- 
pressed by his logical acumen. Such a lawyer could not 
always remain at the Bar. In 1854 he was elevated to 
the Bench, and maintained his reputation as a jurist until 
he retired to private life in 1875. On his retirement the 
Bar manifested their attachment and respect for him by 
the presentation of a handsome silver service, accom- 
panied by a note from the Secretary, F. H. Appleton, 
Esq., in which he says : "It will be gratifying to you to 
know, as it is agreeable to me to inform you, that this 
slight token proceeds from the whole Bar, who, without 
an exception, by this simple gift desire to bear witness to 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



your honorable name, your honest intellect, your ripe 
learning, your impartial judgment, and to the unstained 
integrity of your private and official life." At the meet- 
ing preliminary to the presentation, complimentary reso- 
lutions, prepared by William H. McCrillis, Frank H. 
Wilson, and Charles P. Stetson, Esqs., were adopted, and 
appreciative remarks were made by Mr. McCrillis and 
Abram Sanborn, Esq., and responded to by Chief Justice 
Appleton. 

Judge Cutting died in Bangor in August, 1876. The 
Bar adopted resolutions, which were presented by Albert 
W. Paine, Esq., in which the expressions in the former 
resolutions of high respect for Judge Cutting's great 
learning and integrity were renewed and repeated ; and 
Judge Kent followed in a strain of eulogy justified by 
"nearly fifty years of unbroken, uninterrupted, and most 
unreserved friendship." He said: 

Political life liad no charms for him. and its honors and enticements 
never seduced him from its chosen path. He fully realized that the law- 
is a jealous mistress; and he escaped all chiding by constant devotion 
to his first love. 

There is one word that better than any other characterizes the man, 
the magistrate, and the lawyer — integrity. When I say that Judge 
Cutting was a man of integrity, I mean that he was a man honest in 
thought, word, and deed, true to himself and his fellou-men. . . 

The longer I live and the more I see of men, the less I value mere 
genius, eloquence, or success, and the more I value purity of life, in- 
tegrity of purpose, and faithfulness in duty. 

Judge Kent dwelt at length up:)u the virtues and ex- 
cellences of his departed friend. Judge Peters re- 
sponded, affirming all Judge Kent had said, and adding : 

In character, in manners, in all things, a great excellence was his 
simplicity (usinsj the word in its highest sense). He was modest at the 
Bar; he was arrogant nowhere. He presided upon the Bench with 
ease and simplicity. But nowhere did he display greater simplicity or 
purity of character than in all the walks of private life. 

The State will remember Judge Cutting as one of her best jurists. 
The Bar will remember him as one of the most learned, laborious, 
able, and upright ministers of the law who ever sat upon our Bench. 
And all classes of men will remember him as the pleasant neighbor, 
the honest citizen, the wise counsellor, and the good and conscientious 
judge. 

Chief Justice Appleton also responded, and said: 

I entirely and fully agree with him [Judge Kent] in his estimate of 
our departed brother — a learned, able, impartial, and upright judge. 
Such with conscientious unanimity was the voice of the Bar, the Bench, 
and the public: and well may we mourn for one who was almost the 
last remaining link connecting us with the professional days of our 
early life. 

HON. ED\V.\RD KENT, LL. D., 

Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, youngest son 
of William Austin Kent, of Concord, New Hamp- 
shire, was born in that place on the 8th of January, 
1S02. His father was a native of Charlestown and 
his mother of Sterling, Massachusetts, she being a sister 
of Prentiss Mellen, the first Chief Justice of the State 
of Maine. The subject of this notice was educated and | 
graduated at Harvard College in 182 1; settled in the 
practice of the law at Bangor, Maine, in 1825; was suc- 
cessively a Representative in the State Legislature, Chief 
Justice of the Court of Sessions for Penobscot county, 
Mayor of the city of Bangor, Governor of the State of 
Maine for two terms, one of the commissioners on the 
part of Maine to settle the Eastern boundary question, 



United States Consul for four years at Rio Janeiro, under 
President Taylor's appointinent, and, after his return to 
this country, was for fourteen years one of the Judges of 
the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine. He received the 
degree of LL. D. from Waterville College in 1855, and 
died in Bangor May 19, 1877, greatly beloved as a genial 
companion and friend, and universally respected and 
honored as an able and upright judge, and an honest man. 

Aside from his Gubernatorial messages and occasional 
newspaper articles. Judge Kent published little but his 
legal opinions, which are embodied in successive volumes 
of the ^Liine Reports. 

Judge Kent was twice married — first to Miss Sarah 
Johnston, daughter of Nathaniel Johnston, Esq., of 
Hillsborough, New Hampshire. She died in 1S53, leav- 
ing, of several children, but one daughter, since deceased. 
His last marriage was in 1855, to Miss Abby A. 
Rockwood, daughter of Rev. Otis Rockwood, formerly 
of Lynn, Massachusetts. She, and an only child and 
son, bearing the father's name, ate still living, to honor 
his memory and mourn his death. 

In estimating aright the character of Judge Kent, cer- 
tain salient points, not prominent, though not wholly ig- 
nored, in his official relations, should not be overlooked. 
They go far, indeed, in making up the well-rounded life 
of our departed brother and friend. The most piomi- 
nent of these traits were the openness of his nature, the 
amenity and kindness of his disposition from his youth 
up, and his capacity for and appreciation of wit and 
humor. It may be truly said, without detracting from 
the weightier points of his character, that he "was not 
only witty himself, but the cause of wit in others." It 
was, perhaps, humor rather than wit that he indulged in 
himself and appreciated the most in others — humor of a 
chastened kind, rather than that boisterous wit which 
would "set the table in a roar." A quaint conceit, or 
happy turn of expression, a [Aay upon words, or verbal 
pun (which Dr. Johnson unfairly called the meanest kind 
of wit), would go further with him, dwell in his memory 
the longer, and be recalled with more satisfactory enjoy- 
ment than the ribald jest or the coarse and vulgar anec- 
dote. 

When Mr. Kent entered the Legislature he was twenty- 
six years old. He made himself conspicuous by resist- 
ing, against strong party opposition, the incorporation of 
the town of Argyle and connecting it to the Bangor 
Representative District, taking the ground that such an 
act would be a violation of the Constitution, which pro- 
hibited the alteration of the established representation 
until the next general apportionment. He was sharply 
criticized by his opponents, but he adhered to his posi- 
tion and had the satisfaction afterward of seeing it sus- 
tained by the Supreme Court. 

Although the practice of his profession was more or 
less interrupted for several years by the political positions 
to which he was elected or appointed, yet his legal 
knowledge and acumen suffered nothing from the inter- 
ruption. In 1859 he went upon the Bench of the Su- 
preme Judicial Court, apparently as well fitted for the 



204 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



duties of the judgeship as if his judicial studies had 
never been disturbed. He was an admirable judge for 
lourteen years, up to tliree years beyond the age (seventy) 
to winch the Constitution originally limited the tenure of 
the office. 

After leaving the Bench Judge Kent spent a year with 
his family in travel in Europe. In 1S74 lie returned to 
Bangor and resumed the practice of the law, and was 
engaged in several important cases between that time and 
the time of his decease. Tlic last public position he 
held was that of President of the Convention for the 
amendment of the Constitution of the State in 1875. 

Judge Kent was always a f.ivorite with the Bar and 
with suitors. ^Vith liis kindness of manner, fondness for 
home, and happy way of disposing of annoyances, he ke]5t 
the Court in a state of cquihbriura. At one time an at- 
torney ap]3ealed to him to settle a difference between him 
and the Clerk in regard to a matter of interest. The 
Judge inquired what the difference was, and was informed 
that it was six cents. Taking the trifle from his pocket 
he handed it to the attorney, and told him that that 
would settle it. 

"I don't want your money," the man said; "I want it 
right." 

"That makes it right,'' the Judge replied; "the busi- 
ness of the Court cannot be interrupted by a matter 
so easily rectified;" and he proceeded with the r.Tatter 
before him. 

The Maine Reports for lialf a century contain evidence 
of Mr. Kent's ability as a jurist. He was fond of the in- 
tellectual labor that a thorough acquaintance with the law 
requires; and, up to within a few weeks of his decease, 
he was examining decisions and making himself ac- 
quianted with the recent application of legal' principles 
in novel cases. 

He was aware when death was approaching, and died 
like a philosopher. His sufferings were intense during his 
last hours, but liis pure and consistent life had prepared 
to mce-t his end as became a Christian with the hope of 
a happy immortahty. 

The Bar took action at the lime of his decease, and 
passed appro])riate resolutions, which may be found in 
volume TX'VT. Maine Reports. 

The remarks of members of the Bar were sincerely 
eulogistic. Albeit W. Paine, Esq., wlio presented the 
resolutions, said: 

As a poliiician, thoiigli firm and dscided in Iiis preferences, lie knew 
no parly prejudices. . . .In religious matters be was 

deeply imbued with the doctrines of liberal Christianity, in the best 
meaning of the term — free from all sectarianism. . . .As 

a lawyer he was kind and affable \vith his clients . . . dis- 
coumged litigation . . . studied his cases, and left no 
decisions unexplained, so that truth might be vindicated and justice 
done. . . . As a Judge Mr. Kent was by general consent 

regarded as signally fitted for the place. 

Mr. McCrillis said : 

Of commanding form and person, and of great physical strength, he 
w.is the gentlest of men ; of r.irc talents, he was the most unassuming 
aud modest of men. No person, even his most intimate friend, ever 
he.ird him claim any merit for himself. 

Others followed, and Chief Justice Appleton said: 
At an early day ho rose to the highest rank at the Bar. . 



As a jurist his written judgments will ever command the respect of the 
jirofession. While respecting authority, he respected more the great 
principles upon which authority rests. 

Calmly, with no disturbing fear, with his intellectual vigor neither I 
dimmed by age nor weakened by disease, trusting in the loving kind- | 
ncss of God, he met the fate predestined from the beginning for us all; ' 
and we cannot doubt that to him tliere w.is the joyful greeting: "Well 
done, good and f.rilhl'ul servant; thou hast been faithful over a ftw 
things; I will make thee ruler over many things; enter thou into 
the joy of thy Lord." 

HON. JOHN A. PETERS, 

Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, son of Andrew 
and Sally (Jordan) Peters, was born in Ellsworth, 
county of Hancock, on the 9th of October, 1S22. He 
fitted for college at Gorham Academy, and graduated 
at Yale College, New Haven, in August, 1842. He 
studied law at the Cambridge Law School, and was 
admitted to the Bar in Bangor at the October term 
of the Supreme Judicial Court, in 1844. Mr. Peters was 
a diligent and disci irainating student, and was well 
grounded in the principles of his profession wheti he 
cornmenced practice. It was not long before his abilities 
became known and appreciated. He possessed a fund 
of humor, popular manners, and imperturbable good na- 
ture, and made his way in all good time successfully with 
the jury, the court, and the public. He became a mem 
bcr of the Senate of Maine in 1S62, and was continued 
as such through the year 1863. He became a member 
of the House of Representatives of his State in 1864, 
and was Attorney-General during the years 1864, 1S65, 
and 1866. 

Having become the most popular man in the Fourth 
Congressional District of Maine, comprising the counties 
of Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Aroostook, he was elected 
frorn that District to the XLth, XLIst, and XLIId Con- 
gresses, fiom 1S67 to 1S73. In the XLth Congress he 
was upon the Committee of Patents and Public E.xpendi- 
tures, and in the succeeding Congresses upon the Com- 
mittee on the Judiciary, and as Chairman on the part of 
the House upon the Joint Committee of the Senate and 
House on the Congressional Library. A vacancy having 
occurred on the Bench of the Supreme Judicial Court 
of the State of Maine in May, 1873, Mr. Peters was 
selected by the Executive for that position. Tiie ap- 
pointment was concurred in by tlie Bar and the people 
as one eminently fit to be made, and on the expiration 
of his constitutional term of seven years, in May, 1880, 
he was re-appointed. By his courtesy, impartiality, clear 
exposition of the law and the facts to the jury, and lucid 
and accurate opinions. Judge Peters has won an enviable 
reputation as a judge. 

HON. DAVID PERHAM, 

Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, was born 
in Ashley, Massachusetts, February 10, 1780. He 
was the son of Peter Perham, a descendant of 
John Perham, who came from England and settled in 
Chelmsford, Massachusetts, in 1666. His mother was a 
daughter of Samuel Buttrick, of Concord, Massachusetts, 
and her mother was Dolly Flint, descendant of the family 
of that name who settled in that vicinity. He received 
his classical education at Groton Academy, Massachu- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



aos 



setts. Ke was a student at law in the ol'fice of Messrs. 
Dana & Ricliardson, of Groton, and was admitted to 
practice at the Court of Common Pleas in Middlesex 
county, in March, 1S09. He opened an office in .'\cton, 
Massachusetts, but got the spirit of emigration to Maine, 
and in the summer of 1811 made his way to Orrington, 
where he established liimself; but in the following year 
he found himself in Brewer, without having removed at 
all. In 1812 the town of Brewer was incorporated 
(taken from Orringlon), and Judge Perham was near ilie 
southern boundary of the town, in the village at the 
mouth of the Segeunkedunk Stream, where he had a 
pleasant residence upon the bank of the Penobscot. 

He continued in the practice 01 his profession until 
the year 1822. 

In the spring of 1815 he received a commission from 
the President of the United States, appointing hini the 
principal Assessor of the Collection District of Massachu- 
setts, which consisted of the old county of Hancock. 
He discharged the duties of his office for two years, until 
the discontinuance of the direct tax, after the year 1816, 
After the organization of the State, in 1820, he was ap- 
pointed Judge of Probate of the county of Penobscot, 
and htld this office until 1822. On the organization of 
the Court of Common Pleas in 1S22, he was appointed 
one of the Judges, and held the office until the court was 
abolished in 1S39. 

Many anecdotes are related of Judge Perham's court. 
One is recorded by ex-Governor Washburn. It is this: 
The "legal wag" from Oldtown demurred to a plea of 
the "general issue.' "On what ground?" inquired the 
Judge. "Du|)licity, your Honor;" a response which pro- 
voked an ejaculaiion from the lawyer on the other side 
and an audible smile from the gentlemen within the bar. 
"And may it please the Court," continued the counsel, 
"I beg to say that in this thing I am entirely serious." 
To which the Judge: "Mr. Sewall, that will not do in 
this court I" 

In 1S33 he removed to Bangor, where he occupied a 
brick house built by Rev. Mr. Huntoon, at the corner of 
Fifth and Cedar Streets, until his decease. After he left 
the Bench he held the office of Alderman for two years, 
and discharged the duties of the office with great faith- 
fulness and ability. 

JuiJge Perham was twice married — first, on the 5th of 
August, 1814, in Acton, Massachusetts, to Betsey Bar- 
nard; second, to Charlotte Gardner, at Roxbury, Massa- 
chusetts, October 13, 1830. By his first wife he had a 
son, who died early, and two daughters, who are living. 
By his second wife he had no children. 

Judge Perham was not a rapid thinker, but he possessed 
rare good judgment, indomitable industry, great integrity, 
and singular purity of life. He died in Bangor on May 
31, 1845. The editor of the Whig said of him that 
while he was Alderman he became intimately acquainted 
with him, and had "never been in the company of any 
man from whose lips so many lessons of ripe wisdom 
fell." A committee of the Penobscot Bar, of whom the 
present Chief Justice Appleton was chairman, prepared 



resolutions on the occasion of his death, which were 
"unanimously adopted." The preamble contains the 
following just tribute to his worth: — 

On the Bench he exhibited ever lenrning, probity of mind, unweary- 
ing industry, perfect impartiahty lietween suitors, and a careful purpose 
and anxious desire to adniinibter the law to the promotion of justice. 

In his social relations he commanded the respect of all by his kind- 
ness of disposition, the unassuming familiarity of his manners, the 
cheerfulness of his conversation, the extent of his general information, 
his readiness and abi.ity in the discharge of his duties as a citizen, and 
the remarkable honesty and uprightness of his intentions. 

HON. FREDERICK H. ..\LLEN, 

Judge of District Court, in 1835-36, was born in New 
Salem, Massachusetts. He came to Bangor and con- 
nected himself in a law firm with Messrs. Jacob McGaw 
and John A. Poor. The style of the firm was McGaw, 
Allen & Poor, and continued until April 22, 1837, when 
it expired by limitation. 

Mr. Allen was a mafi of fine abilities, a thoroughly 
read lawyer, a good advocate, and a gentleman. When 
the District Court was established, in 1840, he was ap- 
pointed one of the judges for the Eastern District. His 
colleague was Hon. Anson G. Chandler, of Calais. Judge 
Allen held the office until 1S49, when he retired. As a 
judge he was dignified, deliberate, impartial, and always 
courteous. On his retiring the Bar complimented him 
with a dinner, and passed resolutions which show the 
esteem in which he was held. They were drawn by 
George B. Moody, Esq., and affirm that "his administra- 
tion of the law had been characterized by those qualities 
which give most lustre to the judicial station — bv ample 
learning, quick iserception, just discrimination, clear e.\- 
position, lucid arrangement of argument, and a compre- 
hensive grasp of facts — intellectual merits, aided and 
illustrated by an unvarying impartiality, and by a per- 
sonal deportment at once dignilied, patient, and courteous, 
insuring that deference which is the need of the Bench, 
while it gracefully and kindly yielded the consideration 
due to suitors, to the officers of the Court, and the Bar." 
That, in thus recognizing his official merit, they "were 
not unmindful of his high personal character as a citizen, 
and the many talents and virtues which have secured to 
him, in his intercourse with society, the attachment, 
esteem, and respect of his associates and of this com- 
munity. 

HON. SAMUEL E. DUTTON, 

Judge of Probate, was born in Hallowell, Maine, on 
the 16th of June, 1744. He was the son of Col- 
onel Samuel Dutton and Ruth (Edwards) Dutton. 
His father was the son of John Dutton and Johanna 
(Crosby) Dutton; and John was the son of Samuel Dut- 
ton, who came from England in 17 12, and settled in 
Billerica, Massachusetts. Samuel, having had a good 
preparatory education, studied law in Hallowell, and 
closed his course of reading in 1800. He came to Ban- 
gor early in 1801, and established himself in the profes- 
sion. His father. Colonel Dutton, came to Bangor a 
year or two afterward, and purchased the farm a part of 
which is now the City Farm, where he built a one-story 
i house, which is still standing and is one of the Poor- 
house buildings. In this house he died in 1807, at the 



2o6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, 



age of sixty-three. The son, in 1802-03, built a two- 
story house on the lot between Main and Summer streets, 
fronting on Emerson street, a hundred or more feet 
therefrom. This house he occupied from 1803, most of 
the time, until 1831, when he died. 

Samuel E. Button was one of the most prominent citi- 
zens of Bangor in the early part of the century. He was 
intrusted by proprietors with the agency of their lands in 
the county for many years. The town of Dutton (now 
Glenburn), where some of these lands were, was named 
for him. He was a good civil engineer, and frequently 
found occasion to use the compass and chain. 

In Williamson's History of Belfast, page 608, may be 
found the following: 

1812, April 7. Voted to accept the road from Upper Bridge to meet 
a road laid out by Samuel E. Dutton, Esq., across the land of Mrs. 
Swan. • 

He was the fust Judge of Probate in the county, from 
its organization in 1816 to the separation in 1820. He 
was the first President of the Bangor Bank. He was in- 
strumental in establishing the first newspaper in Bangor, 
—the Bangor Weekly Register. A letter from Mr. Peter 
Edes to him, dated "Augusta, 29th March, 1814," sug- 
gests that "a printer is wanted at Bath, but his friends 
advised him, if he "should leave .\ugusta, to prefer 
Bangor." 

"I shall rely solely upon your opinion," he writes, 
"with respect to the eligibility of the place for a printer, 
confident that you would not advise me to a measure that 
you thought would be injurious to me." He wishes a 
subscription for a newspaper started, gives hints in regard 
to a name, etc. As will be seen in the Annals of Bangor, 
the paper was established in 181 5. 

- Judge Dutton was largely instrumental also in having 
the permanent location of the Theological Institution in 
Bangor. He was a conservative man, and did not coun- 
tenance great changes. Like his friend Edes, he adhered 
to the last century fashions with amusing tenacity. In 
his "small clothes with stockings to the knees," and coat 
of the olden time, "with .square tails reaching almost to 
the ground," he was a very conspicuous object in the 
street during the first quarter of the century. The broad 
ruffles, however, extending from the waistband to the nose, 
he did not flaunt so long as some of his contemporaries. 
He was never a great persecutor of poor debtors; but was 
a good lawyer, and it was said that, when in practice, he 
had more influence with the jury than any other member 
of the Bar. When he died, in 1831, he was a little less 
than fifty-seven years of age. 

HON. \V1I,I,I.\M D. WILLI.4MS0N, 

Judge of Probate, was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, 
July 31, 1779. His ancestor, Timothy Williamson, was 
a freeman of the Plymouth Colony in 1647, and went as 
a soldier from Marshfield in King Philip's war. His 
father was George Williamson, (third in descent from 
Timothy, a soldier of the Revolution, and in the battle 
of White Plains. He was a farmer, and had positions 
of trust where he resided previous to coming to Bangor, 
where he died in 1S22, at the age of sixty-eight. Wil- 



liam was a good son, and rendered his father ail the as- 
sistance in his power upon the farm until he was dis- 
abled by an injury to his arm. He then concluded to ( 
obtain a liberal education. He entered Williams Col- i 
lege, but taking offense at some action of the President, ' 
he removed to Brown University. "He graduated on the 
5th of Septembet, 1804, with the highest honors, having 
an oration in the afternoon and in the forenoon 'a syllo- 
gistic dispute.' with three others, the best scholars in the 
class. The subject of the oration was 'The Soul;' that 
of the dispute was the question; 'Would not married 
people be as happy if their partners, instead of being 
chosen by themselves, were selected by civil authority?'"* 
After graduation he entered the law office of Samuel F. 
Dickinson, Esq., in .\raherst, Massachusetts, where his 
father then resided. He afterward studied in the office 
of Hon. Samuel Thatcher, in Warren, Maine, and com- 
pleted his reading as a student in the office of Jacob 
McGaw, Esq., in Bangor. He was admitted to the Bar 
during the session of the Court of Common Pleas at 
Castine, in November, 1807, and commenced practice 
soon afterwards in Bangor. Being well grounded in the 
principles of his profession, of mature years, possessed 
of an active mind, ardent temperment, and persevering 
industry, he was calculated to succeed. In 1808 he was 
appointed by Governor Sullivan County Attorney, for 
the county of Hancock. He continued in office until 
the law was repealed under which he was appointed in 
June, 1809. This law was revived June 18, 1811, and 
Mr. Williamson was re-appointed County Attorney by 
Governor Gerry, and continued to hold the office until 
the county of Penobscot was organized in 1816. 

Mr. Williamson was a Democrat, and was fond of 
politics. He became a candidate for Senator m 1816, 
and was defeated. He was, however, elected Senator in 
18 1 7, and was re-elected the three succeeding years. 
After Maine became an independent State he was elected 
a Senator to the Legislature from Penobscot county, and 
held the office until he resigned in December, 1S21, to 
accept the office of Representative to Congress, to which 
he had been elected. 

Maine was admitted into the Union March 3, 1820. 
Its first Legislature was in existence from May 2r, 1820, 
to the first Wednesday of January, 1822. Mr. William- 
son was elected President of the Senate (to supply t'l^ 
vacancy occasionally by the resignation of General John 
Chandler, who was the first President, and resigned to 
accept the position of Senator in Congress), and by 
virtue of that position became acting Governor of the 
State, on the appointment of Governor King Commis- 
sioner under the Spanish treaty. In addition to the other 
offices held by Mr. Williamson prior to this was that of 
Postmaster of Bangor, to which he was appointed No- 
vember 27, 1809, and in which he was continued until 
1821, when he resigned, and Royal Clark was appointed. 
In 1821 Mr. Williamson was elected Representative to 
the Seventeenth Congress, and held the office for one 
term. While in Congress he labored with his usual dili- 

+Memoirs by Hon. Joseph Williamson. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



207 



gence, and attended faithfully to his duties. In a speech 
he pressed the importance of military works upon the 
Penobscot, which led to a survey and finally the con- 
struction of Fort Kno.N. 

His first wife having died in June, 1822, on his return 
from Congress he brought with hmi his second wife, Susan 
E., daughter of Judge Phineas White, of Putney, Ver- 
mont, who died on March 9, 1824, at the age of twenty- 
one. In 1825 he married Mrs. Clarissa Wiggin, nee 
Emerson, who (in 1S81) is living, at the age of ninety- 
two. 

In the year 1S24 Mr. Williamson was appointed to 
the oflSce of Judge of Probate for Penobscot county, 
which he held until the year 1840. In 1S34 and 1839 he 
was appointed Bank Commissioner, and in 1840 he was 
appointed chairman of a commission to visit the reform- 
atory institu ions of the Northern States, with a view to 
improvements in the State Prison. In 1817 he conceived 
the idea of writing the History of Maine, and while a 
member of the Massachusetts Senate commenced gather- 
ing materials for it. This work was given to the public 
in 1832, in two large volumes. It is a valuable work, 
and often referred to. The labor he bestowed upon it 
was immense. It is nearly out of print. At soiue future 
time a new edition, from under the hand of a competent 
editor, will be invaluable to a student of Maine history. 
It is the great work of Judge AMlliamson's life, and by it 
his name will be perpetuated. 

By his first marriage Mr. Williamson had five children. 
His only son, William, a promising young man, died 
September 6, 1832, at the age of eighteen, a member of 
Bowdoin ollege. His daughters, all accomplished 
ladies, survived him. The youngest, Frances A., married 
Mayo Hazeltine, of Boston, and died in March, 1S47. 
Of the other daughters (now widows), Caroline J. (now 
Mrs. Chapman) was first the wife of Nathaniel Haynes, 
a lawyer of Bangor, and is the mother of Professor Henry 
W. Haynes, recently of the University of Vermont; Har- 
riet H., the second daughter, married Paul R. Hazeltine, 
a merchant of Belfast; Mary C, the third, married Liv- 
ingston Livingston, a lawyer of New York, and has a 
son, Philip Livingston, a student in Columbia College. 

Judge Williamson was a member of various historical 
societies, and was an original member of the Maine His- 
torical Society. He was an untiring collector of facts, 
and the Maine and Massachusetts Historical Societies 
have been enriched by his labors. He was atnbitious 
for the prosperity of the place of his residence. He 
was connected with the banks of the city, and was Presi- 
dent of the People's Bank. He was instrumental in 
establishing the Academy, which bore the name of the 
Bangor Young Ladies' Academy, and in various ways he 
was connected with the school and other affairs of the 
town. He died at the age of sixty-six years, on May 27, 
1846. Hon. Samuel W. Blake announced his death to 
the court, and, as chairman of the committee on resolu- 
tions, presented a series, from which the following is an 
extract : 

-A discerning Executive has honored him; an enlightened constituency 
has confided in him. In the Senate of Massachusetts and Maine; in 



the Congress of the United States; as acting Governor; in all the 
relations of society; in all the places of honor and trust, in public or 
private life, which he ever held, he discharged the duties incumbent 
upou him with integrity and fidelity. His leisure he devoted to general 
literature and historical pursuits. He has left behind him valuable con- 
tributions to the annals of New England, and his History of our own 
State will ever reftiain a monument of the indefatigable research and 
patient investigation of its author. 

HON. DANIEL SANBORN, 

Judge of Probate, .-^fter admission to the Bar, Judge 
Sanborn first established himself in Kenduskeag. He 
afterwards removed to Bangor. His business life has 
been divided between the law and political journalism. 
About 1853 he was an editor of the Bangor Daily and 
Weekly Journal. He was appointed Judge of Probate 
by Governor Crosby, and continued in that office until 
his successor was elected by the people in 1856-57. 
Afterwards he confined himself to the profession of the 
law until 1879-80, when he became the principal editor 
of the Bangor Commercial. Although Mr. Sanborn has 
not pretended to a high position as an advocate, yet he 
has attended faithfully to his duties as a lawyer and as a 
journalist. 

HON. ENOCH BROWN, 

Chief Justice of Court of Sessions, was born in Abington, 
Massachusetts, in 1781; graduated at Brown University; 
read law with Judge Padelford, in Taunton; came to 
Hampden very early in this century, about 1S05, and 
established himself in practice at the "Lower Corner." 
He and Mr. Godfrey were contemporaries in the profes- 
sion in that town until 1820. Until 1816 they attended 
the courts at Castine. Their town conceived so high an 
opinion of their capacity that the selectmen at one time 
vested them with the powers of jurymen, imagining that, 
while attending to the business of their clients, they 
could as well as not try whatever cases might come 
before them. The Court, however, could not overlook 
the incompatibility of the two functions of attorney and 
juror, and directed the counselors to take their places at 
the Bar. 

Mr. Brown was a good lawyer and an excellent citi- 
zen. He continued in Hampden until the year 1835, 
when he removed to Bangor. He speculated somewhat 
in lands after he came to Bangor, and did something 
in the profession. He died about the last of the year 
1838, very suddenly. The Bar in January, 1839, 
adopted resolutions of respect, drawn up by George B. 
Moody, Esq., whicli bear testimony to his "cultivated 
mind, blameless life, unimpeached morality, high princi- 
ples, and active industry." 

Mr. Brown was intermarried with Melinda, daughter 
of Judge Padelford. They had ten children, five sons 
and five daughters. Among the sons were Enoch 
Emery Brown, Esq., a lawyer in Somerset county, re- 
cently deceased; Augustus I. Brown, Esq., a lawyer, 
who died a few years since in New York; and Hon. 
James S. Brown, a lawyer of Milwaukee, former Mayor 
of that city, and once a member of Congress from Wis- 
consin and Attorney-General of that State, now deceased. 



2o8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



HON. JOHN GODFREV, 

Chief Justice of Court of Sessions. Mr. Godfrey was 
the son of John Godfrey, of Taunton, Massachusetts, 
and the sixth of his Hne in America. The first was 
Richard, of the " ancient family of Godfrey," which, 
according to Curke's Commoners, "is supposed to de- 
rive from Godfrey le Fauconcr, lord of the manor of 
Hurst, in Kent, as early as the reign of Henry II." 
Richard came from England and settled in Taunton in 
1652, having wiih him Richard, born in 165 1. This 
Richard, Jr., was the father of John, who was the father 
of George, who was the father of John, who was the 
father of the subject of this sketch. These ancestors 
were all farmers, and died in Taunton at a good old 
age. They were very conservative and very decided. 
The first John and George were active magistrates ; had 
military commissions — John that of captain under 
George 11., and George that of Brigadier-General under 
the Republic (hence was called "the Brigadier,") — and, 
as well as the second John, were prominently connected 
with the town business and were Representatives in the 
Legislature of the State. George was colleague with 
Robert Treat Paine in 1779. 

John, the subject of this sketch, was born in Taunton 
May 27, 1 781. He labored hard upon his father's farm 
in his early years, but had the advantages of the schools 
of the town. When about eighteen or nineteen years 
old, at the raising of his father's house, in wrestling his 
shoulder was injured. This accident led to its being de- 
termined that he should be educated. By close applica- 
tion he was enabled to enter Brown University, at Provi- 
dence, a year in advance. On graduating he entered the 
office of Mr. Sproat, one of the best lawyers in the Com- 
monwealth, and the only one in Taunton, besides Judge 
Padelford, who took students. After finishing his course, 
he came to Hampden and established himself in the pro- 
fession in 1S05-06, at the "Upper Corner." He did ! 
more ; he started a small farm, with a determination to 
" get on." The love of farming had come down to him 
from his ancestor Richard, and his college training had 
not overcome his love of it. 

He married Sophia, daughter of Colonel Samuel But- 
ton, who had a few years before removed from Hallowell 
to Bangor. He remained in Hampden about fifteen 
years. He was there at the time of the British victories, 
and was locked up in the cabin of a British war vessel, 
with others, as a prisoner of war, and detained one night, 
made memorable to him by his nearly dying of thirst. 
His house was used as an hospital, his library was taken 
by the British soldiers and put into a martin-house and 
with it converted into a bonfire, and his horse was ap- 
propriated by American thieves. 

The effect of this British raid was to prostrate business, 
and he took his wife and four children to the place of his 
nativity, where he remained for a time in the practice of 
his profession. He returned to Hampden, however, in 
1815, and there continued until 1820, when he formed 
a connection in business with Hon. Samuel E. Dutton, 
in Bangor, to which place he removed his family in 182 1. 



The connection was not of long continuance. Mr. 
Godfrey was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of 
Sessions in 1S23, and had for associates Ephraim Good- 
ale, Esq., of Oirington, and Seba French, Esq., of De.x- 
ler. In 1825 he was County Attorney, and held the 
otSce for seven years. Municipal trusts were committed 
to him in both Hampden and Bangor, and he was more 
or less connected with the business of Bangor and of 
the county for many years. He discharged all his duties 
intelligently and faithfully. He was a believer in work. 
When he was not employed in professional labor, his 
hands found something to do at his home. His garden 
was his place of recreation. In manner he was unassum- 
ing, but decided. He was not fond of innovations. The 
religion of his fathers was his religion, and he was about 
as conservative as his ancestor, George, who would not 
hear a preacher who emitted the faintest odor of heresy 
more than once. He was a grave man, not given to 
much speech, but possessed of a dry humor that was 
appreciated. Once he presided at a meeting where the 
Bar were preparing to lake some action com|)limentary 
to Judge Frederick H. Allen, who was about to remove 
from the State. Judge Hathaway, from a committee, 
reported that a dinner be tendered him on a certain day 
as six o'clock. 

The Chairman. — "In the inorning or evening?" 
Judge Hathaway.—" In the evening, of course. Who 
ever heard of a dinner being given in the morning?" 

The Chairman.—" I suppose it might be as well to 
give it at one end of the day as at the other. It is cus- 
tomary with us to have it about mid-day." 

Apart from the conventionality, a dinner would have 
been as agreeable to him in the morning as in the even- 
ing, for he usually accomplished two or three hours' 
labor before breakfast. He had fixed political views, 
though not a demonstrative politican. What public 
trusts were conferred on him came without his prompting, 
because of the confidence reposed in him. 

He died May 28, 1862, at the age of eighty-one. Mr. 
Jacob McGaw made the announcement of his death to 
the court, following it with eulogistic remarks and com- 
plimentary resolutions of the Bar. Chief Justice Tenney 
responded, and said, among other things, — 

He has always been distinguished for his respect for the courts and 
courtesy to his professional associates; for his unbending integrity and 
his fidelity to his clients, who, having once employed him, seldom sel- 
dom sought the aid of other counsel; and in some instances he has been 
a standing agent of municipal corporations for a series of years to- 
gether, to take charge of their business in Court. The first time I was 
ever in Court in tliis place, many years since, Mr. Godfrey was the at- 
torney for the county, and I was struck with the discretion and ability 
with which he conducted the criminal business. His conduct as a citi- 
zen was regulated by an elevated moral standard which all acknowl- 
edged and felt. In his domestic relations, of which I had some knowl- 
ledge he took the deepest interest, and in the discharge of the duties 
therein, he evidently found his great happiness. 

JAMES GODFREV, 

second son and ninth child of John Godfrey, was born 
in Bangor, October 8, 1822; fitted for college in Bangor, 
entered Waterville, and graduated from Bowdoin College 
in 1S44. After graduating he spent'two years in teach- 
ing in Alabama ; returned to Bangor, and entered his 





■7^ ' 



't . J^v^^^^^^e^, . 



HISTOFV OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAIXR. 



209 



father's office as student at law in 1846. After admission 
to th^- Bar in Bangor, he went to Wellsboro, where he 
commenced practice. Not being satisfied with the 
situation he went to Houlton, where he soon acquired 
an encouraging business. 

In September, 184S, he intermarried with Mary Carter, 
daughter of George Wheehvright and sister of Hon. J. 
S, Wheelwright. His class secretary, F. S. Washburn, 
Esq., in his report at the class meeting in Bruns.wick, 
August 21, 1852, said; 

In due time a d.-iughter was bovn. .Ml was briglit and joyous lo tliat [ 
gazewliich could not penetrate tlie dim future, over wliicli sorrow and 
deatl) cast no warning shadow. Hope was buoyant; joy was full. Vet 
„ . d hour soon came, when disease seized with iron grasp the stalwart 
frame, which bent in a few days, and finally yielded to the power of 
death.' All of earth that remained of our classmate was buried in 
Mount Hope Cemetery. Bangor. 

His daughter soon fullowcd him. He died August 
30, 1850, a't the age of tweijty-eight. The Bar of Aroos- 
took county adopted resolutions at his decease, and put 
on record "that, though he had been with us but little 
more than two years, yet he had become favorably known 
to the conmiunity as a gentleman of strict probity, to his 
brethren of the Bar an obliging and kind friend, a faith- 
ful counselor and an affable opponent, whose industry 
and application gave promise of a highly respectable 
position in the profession." 

HON. THOM.^S \. HILL, 

Chief Justice of theCourt of Sessions, was born in Surry, 
New Hampshire, in 1 783- He established himself in the 
profession in Waterville for a lime, came to Bangor in 
18 1 2, afterwards went into partnershi]) with Hon. 
Samiiel E. Dutton. The copartnership continued until 
about 1820. He afterwards formed a business connec- 
tion with (ieorge Starrett, Esq., which continued until 
1834, when he gave up the practice. While in the pro- 
fession Mr. Hill did a large business: he had also busi- 
ness in connection with the town and county. He was a 
director and important agent in the management of the 
Bangor Bank. He was appointed by the Governor 
Chie^f Justice of the Court of Sessions in 1829, and con- 
tinued in that office and as Chairman of the County 
Commissioners until 183.S. He was also President of 
the Lafayette Bank. 

When the Anti-Masonic party was in existence in the 
State he was its candidate for Governor. Mr. Hill died 
in December, 1864, at the age of eighty-one years. The 
Bar passed resolutions of respect, in which they said that 
as a lawyer "he was always faithful to his client, patient 
and untiring in his industry in 'his behalf, prudent, intelli- 
gent, and assiduously careful in guarding and promoting 
his interest; a sound and safe adviser, a sagacious and 
successful practitioner. As a citizen he was public- 
spirited, laboring to promote the interests of this growing 
community with a wise forecast and zealous activity, hav- 
ing in many ..f the improvements of the city, made m 
his days and which were due in a great measure to his 
suggestions or his efficient cooperation, enduring monu- 
ments of his good taste and wise provision for the 
future." 



Mr. Hill was twice married. His first wife was Mrs. 
Elizabeth Long, widow of Robert Long, of Newburyport, 
and daughter of Hon. Francis Carr, of Bangor. They 
had two daughters — Elizabeth, who became the wife of 
lohn A. Poor, Esq., and died January 14, 1837, at the 
age of twenty-two, leaving a daughter, Laura E., who has 
made a reputation as a Sanscrit scholar, and Jane, a lady 
of culture and literary distinction, who became the wife 
of Moses L. Appleton, Esij., and is still living. Miss 
Stevens, of Gardiner, became Mr. Hill's second wife. 
They had one daughter, Emily, who is the wife of Mr. 
Hurlbut, of Boston. 

HON. THORNTON m'G.WV, 

Chairman of the County Commissioners, was born in 
Deny, New Hampshire, and came to Bangor in the year 
1824. After studying with his uncle, Jacob McGaw, in 
this city, he was admitted to the Bar; and in June, 
1826, he was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme 
Judicial Court. Mr. McGaw possessed studious habits 
and a good legal mind. His abilities soon became 
known and appreciated. In 1835 he was appointed 
Chairman of the County Commissioners. He became 
the agent of proprietors of lands in Dutton and Ivnkland 
(iTow Glenburn and Hudson), and managed their business 
with great prudence and ability. He was at one time 
Clerk of the House of Representatives of Maine. He 
! intermarried, October 19, 1826, with Ann Frances, a 
beautiful and accomplished daughter of Joseph Carr, 
Esq., who died February 12, 1847, leaving one child, a 
daughter, Annie Thornton, who became the wife of 
C:harles W. Adams, Esq., of Boston. After his bereave- 
ment Mr. McGaw was much of the time away from 
Bangor, having gradually relincjuished the practice of his 
profession. In 1855 he formed a matrimonial connec- 
tion with Mrs. Esther T. Ilathorn, and occupied the man- 
sion which he built at the corner of Kenduskeag 
Avenue and Division street (afterwards purchased and 
enlarged by Hon. Henry E. Prentiss, and now owned 
and occuined by his widow), until his death, which oc- 
curred October 6, 1859. 

Mr. McCiaw was a well-read lawyer, possessed a clear, 
discriminating mind, and was faithful to all his trusts.^ 
He was a genial companion, and, possessing a fund of 
anecdote and a happy manner, was always entertaining. 
He had a lively recollection of everything amusing that 
occurred in his practice, and related incidents having a 
tinge of the humorous or ridiculous with great glee. In 
one case in court, where he wanted a continuance and 
urged as a reason that the depositions on which he relied 
were not at hand, the opposing counsel remarked that 
he had some depositions, and his brother could have the 
benefit of those. McCJaw desired to see them, and was 
permitted to do so. On examining them he said : 

"Very well, brother W.; I will take this," holding one 
up, "and we will go to trial." 

It was agreed. Mr. McGaw used his opponent's de- 
position and won the case. On another occasion before 
judge P., where a witness who was a friend to the jiarty 
to whom Mr. McGaw was opposed, testified somewhat 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



incoherently, the Judge, in instructing the jury, said: 

"If the witness testified" — so and so ^ ".your ver- 
dict will be for the defendant." 

"That's just it, your Honor," said the witness, jumping 
up; "that's just what I said ! " 

The Judge went on without noticing the interruption. 
There was no remedy. The Judge's hypothesis was 
made reality, to IMcGaw's horror, and he of course lost 
his case. 

The Bar passed resolutions of respect, in which they 
referred to his "honorable professional character as a 
counselor of the courts; of his integrity as a man; and 
of his social and generous qualities as a gentleman, a 
companion, and a friend." 

HON'. CH.\RLES STETSON, 

Judge of Municipal Court, was born in New Ipswich, 
New Hampshire, in November, iSoi. His father was 
Simeon Stetson, who came to Hampden very early in the 
century. Mr. Stetson, the subject of this sketch, pre- 
pared for college at the Hanijiden Academy and gradu- 
ated at Yale College in 1823. He read law first with 
Enoch Brown, in Hampden, and in his closing year with 
John Godfrey, in Bangor. He was admitted to practice 
as an attorney of the Court of Common Pleas in Bangor, 
in June, 1826; as an attorney of the Supreme Judicial 
Court in June, 182S, and as a counsellor of the same 
court in June, 1830. 

He commenced practice in Hampden soon after his 
admission to the Court of Common Pleas, and acquired 
quite a large business. He afterwards removed to Ban- 
gor, and continued in the practice for several years. 

After Bangor became a city, in 1834, he was appointed 
Judge of the Municipal Court, and held that office until 
1S37, when he was a]jpoinled Cleik of the Courts. In 
1S45, 1846, and 1847 he was a member of the Governor's 
Council from the Penobscot District. In 1849 and 1850 
he was Representative from the Filth (Penobscot) Dis- 
trict in the Thirty-first Congress. 

Judge Stetson performed the duties of the several of- 
fices he held ably and faithfull)-. He retired from the 
profession several years ago, and, being ])Ossessed of an 
ample competency, "enjoys his ease with dignity." 

ch.ari.es p. stetson, 

son of Hon. Charles Stetson, was born in Bangor ; pre- 
pared for college under David Worcester, Esq., Principal 
of the Bangor High School, who said of him that he was 
one of the best scholars, if not the best scliolar, in all the 
branches that he ever had under him. He graduated at 
Yale College, the alma mater of his father, in 1855; was 
admitted to the Bar in 1857, and has practiced law in 
Bangor ever since. He was County Attorney for Pe- 
nobscot county from 1862 to 1S74 — twelve years — and 
was a very able and successful officer. 

Mr. Stetson has a high standing at the Bar, and is con- 
sidered one of the best lawyers in the State. He has for 
several years been counsel for the European & North 
Arnerican Railw.ay, of which he is a director, and is em- 
ployed in many of the most important litigated cases. 



HON. SAMUEL F. HUMPHREY, 

Judge of Police Court, was born in Londonderry, New 
Hampshire, fitted for college at Pinkerton Academy, in 
Derry; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1848, subse- 
quently had charge lor four years of F'oxcroft Academv, 
Piscataquis county, studied law with Albert W. Paine, 
of Bangor, and was admitted to the Bar in 1853. He 
was elected Judge of the Police Court of the city of 
Bangor in i860 and held the position eight years; was a 
member of the House of Representatives of the State 
from Bangor in 1870 and 1872; was appointed Examiner 
of the National banks of Maine in 1872, and has held 
the position ever since. As a teacher, lawyer, legisla- 
tor, and in whatever other capacity Judge Humphrey 
has been cmijloyed, he lias performed his duties intelli- 
gently, conscientiously, and satisfactorily. As a judge 
he was firm, judicious, and impartial, and his retirement 
froiu the position was much regretted. He is quiet in 
his habits, and courteous, well-read in the law, and 
stands high in his profession and as a citizen. 

HON. HENRY C. GOODENOW, 

Judge of Police Court. Henry Clay Goodenow, second 
son and third child of Judge Daniel Goodenow and Sarah 
Ann (Holmes) Goodenow, was born in Alfred, Maine, 
June 23, 1834. He prepared for college in Alfred and 
North Yarmouth academies, and entered Bowdoin in 
August, 1849. He graduated in 1S53, then taught the 
high school at Davis' Mills, Newfield, Maine. He began 
the study of law in Alfred January 7, 1854; taught the 
Alfred academy one term, in the spring, then resumed 
the study of law; was admitted to the Bar in York 
county in September, 1856, and commenced practice in 
Biddefoi'd in November. In 1S58 he removed to Lewis- 
ton and became a law-partner with Hon. Charles ^V. 
Goddard. In 1861 the partnership was dissolved, Mr. 
Goddard having been appointed Consul-General at Con- 
stantinople. In 1864 Mr. Goodenow was a member of 
the Common Council, and in 1865 and 1866 in the 
Board of Aldermen. In 1866 he removed to Bangor 
and engaged in the corn and flour business. In 1869 
he resumed the practice of law. In 1870, and for four 
or five years afterward, he was on the Superintending 
School Committee. During 1871, 1S72, and 1873 he 
was City Solicitor, until appointed by Governor Perham 
Police Judge of the city, entering upon the duties of 
that office April 30. He occupted that position by suc- 
cessfve elections or appointment until December, 1870, 
when he resigned. 

Judge Goodenow is well read in the law, and has liad 
a successful pr-actice. As a judge he gave excellent sat- 
isfaction, and when a "reform" city government reduced 
his salary from twelve hundred to six hundred dol- 
lars a year, he would have been justified in resigning for 
the reason that the "honor" of the office did not com- 
pensate him for the loss of the professional business it 
occasioned him. He resigned for other reasons, how- 
ever, and resumed the practice of law in December, 
1880. Judge Goodenow, in i860, intermarried with 
Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Walter and Sarah (Quinby 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Brown, of Bangor. They have three sons and ihree 
daughters. 

HON. ISR.AEL WASHBURN, 

War Governor of Maine, was born in Livermore, Maine, 
June 6, 1S13. He received a classical education, and 
after the preparatory reading was admitted to the Bar, 
in 1834. He established himself in practice in Orono 
in December, 1S34. He had a large business, and was 
one of the foremost members of the Bar of Penobscot 
County. In 1842 he was a member of the Legislature 
from Orono. He was elected Representative to Congress 
from the Eifth District in 1S30, and was a member of 
the XXXIId, XXXIIId, XXXIVth, XXXVth, and 
XXXYIth Congresses. Having been electefl Governor, 
he resigned the office of Keiircsentative in order to ac- 
cept that office. 

Mr. Washburn was one of the best of the war Gov- 
ernors. He labored incessantly, and performed his whole 
duty. He held the office for two years. In 1863 Presi- 
dent Lincoln appointed him Collector of Portland. This 
required his removal to that city, and he has since made 
it his home. 

Governor Washburn discontinued practice at the Bar 
several years since. He has of late interested himself in 
historical matters, has published a very interesting history 
of the town of Orono, and is an active member of the 
Maine Historical Society. A year or two since he read 
before that society an interesting and valuable paper on 
the Northeastern Boundary, which is published in the 
eighth volume of its Collections. 

HON. H.\RRIS .M. PL.MSTED, 

Governor of Maine, is a member of the Penobscot Bar. 
At the commencement of the war of the Rebellion he 
was instrumental in raising troops, and became Colonel 
of the Eleventh Regiment of Maine Infantry. He has 
the title of General. After the war he retm-ned to the 
profession, and in 1873 was Attorney-General of the 
State. The duties of this ofifice he performed with dili- 
gence and (aithl'ulntss, and with such ability as to leave 
it with eclat. He was elected to the XLIVth Congress 
from the Fifth District of Maine, and served the last 
year of the session in place of General Samuel F. Her- 
sey, deceased. He now occupies the position of Gov- 
ernor of the State. He is a man of indomitable perse- 
verance, and generally accomplishes what he undertakes. 

HO.W ELISH.\ H. .\LLEN, 

Minister from the Hawaiian islands, was born in New 
Salem, Massachusetts, January 28, 1804. He came to 
Bangor about 1830; was adinitted as an attorney to 
the Supreme Judicial Court in June, 1831; was in 
co-partnership with Judge Appleton several years, and 
with Mr. Appleton and John B. Hill, the firm name 
being Allen, Appleton & Hill; was in the City Council 
of Bangor on its first organization in 1834; was Rep- 
resentative in the Legislature from 1836 to 1841, and in 
1S46. In 183S he was Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives; was Representative in Congress from the 
Fifth Maine District from 1S41 to 1843, serving on the 



Committee of Manufactures. In 1847 he removed to 
Boston, and was elected to the Massachusetts Legisla- 
ture in 1849. He was afterwards appointed Consul to 
Honolulu, and has since been connected with the Gov- 
ernment of the Sandwich Islands. In 1S56 he was 
envoy from the Sandwich Islands to the United Statis. 
Fiom 1857 until 1879 he was Chief Justice and Chan- 
cellor of those islands. He is now Minister Resident 
at Washington from the Sandwich Islands. 

Judge Allen, while in practice, stood high at the Bar. 
He attended carefully to the interests of his clients; was 
entirely reliable; affable and courteous, he was always 
popular. 

HON. ALBERT G. JEWETT, 

ex-Charge d'.Affirires to Peru, was born in Pittston, Ken- 
nebec county, November 27, 1802; graduated at Water- 
ville College in 1826; read law with Joseph Williamson, 
in Belfast, and was admitted to the Bar in March, 1829. 
He soon after established himself in the profession in 
Bangor. The impression he made at his advent was not 
propitious; but he neglected no opportunity to make 
himself known. He was a frequent speaker in the Ban- 
gor Lyceum, and his orations were not esteemed the 
best specimens of rhetorical art. But he had pluck and 
persistence. He talked in the lyceum, he talked in the 
caucus, and whenever and wherever an opportunity 
offered. If he was aware of a blunder it was no cause 
of discouragement. Of course such a man must become 
known, must have admirers, must be employed. Not a 
great many terms of the court passed before his name 
was known to the extremes of the county. In about 
three years after he commenced practice he became 
County Attorney, and no one could help knowing him 
then. He had great powers with the jury, and was very 
successful in his prosecutions. General Hodsdon, the 
clerk, said that he seldom, if ever, failed of convicting. 
An anecdote is related of him which should cause him 
to be remembered, if he could not depend upon many 
other things for fame, as he can. The grand jury had 
indicted a fellow for an outrage. Mr. Moody conducted 
the defense, and introduced law to the effect that unless 
there was an outcry by the person upon whom the out- 
rage was committed, there was no crime, and the verdict 
should be for the defendant; and he argued the point at 
length that, as there was no outcry proved, the jury must 
infer consent and acquit his client. 

Mr. Jewett in reply said: 

"My brother Moody argues that, as the woman made 
no outcry, her consent must be inferred; and he has 
brought in a whole armful of old, musty English law- 
books to satisfy the court and jury that such is the law! 
What of it, gentlemen; what of it? Suppose it is the 
law?" Then, raising his naturally penetrating voice to 
the highest pitch, he cried: "What did she know about 
the law? She never read those law-books; — a poor, 
ignorant, country girl ! What did she know about the 
law? Good God, gentlemen! If she had known what 
the law was, she would have screamed so as to have 
been heard ten miles!!" 



HISTORY OF PliNOBSCOT COUNTV, MAINE. 



Of course, the rascal was convicted. 

One of Mr. Jewett's greatest efforts was in tlie Rincs 
case, mentioned in the Annals of Bangor, in this volume. 
A report of his argument is in the Bangor Daily \Vhig 
and Courier of February 13, 1S37. 

Mr. Jewett's practice became large, and it was thought 
that he acquired a large property in this city. He built 
the fine residence now owned by Albert Emerson, Esq., 
on Summer street. 

In 1S45 1^6 S^'''^ up the practice in Bangor, and ac- 
cepted from President Polk the position of Charge d' 
Affaires to Peru. After three years' indulgence in the cli- 
mate of that Republic, he concluded to liave some ex- 
perience of French life, and went to Paris, where he spent 
much time, and witnessed the French manner at the Bar 
and in the Forum, and, judging from liis own style after 
his return, he was evidently impressed by it. After he 
left France he was for a time in Brunswick, Georgia, and 
then came to Bangor, but not to remain. In 185S he 
engaged in the practice of law in Belfast, and has been 
retained in many important cases since. He has been 
more or less interested in politics always, and his voice 
has often been heard in public gatherings, as well as at 
the Bar, since he established himself at Belfast. The 
people of that city had such regard for his abilities that 
they made him their Mayor in 1863, 1864, and 1867. 
Mr. Jewett was alwaj's a busy man, and what his hands 
found to do he did with his might, and now, at nearly 
eighty years of age, he cannot be idle. 

HON. ALLEN OILMAN. 

Mr. Oilman was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, July 
16, 1773. He was the third son of John Ward (jilman 
and Hannah Emery. Major John Oilman, an officer in 
the expedition to Louisburg in 1645, and in the French 
and Indian war, wms his paternal grandfather. The Rev. 
Stephen ICmery, of Chatham, Massachusetts, was his 
maternal grandfather. Allen was a student in Exeter 
Academy, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1791. 
He studied law with Judge Oliver Peabody, of Exeter, 
and established himself in his profession first in Gardiner, 
Maine, in 1796. While there he married Pamelia 
Augusta, a rarely attrai tive lady, a daughter of General 
Henry Dearborn. In 1798, soon after his marriage, he 
removed to Hallowell. His wife died in October, 1799, 
leaving a daughter named for her, who became the wife 
of Major Dearborn, of the United States Army. Both of 
these have deceased. After the death of his wife he went 
to that part of Orrington which is now Brewer, where he 
remained a year, and the next year (1801) established 
himself in his profession in Bangor. He was possessed 
of a quick, disciiminating intellect, and bore the reputa- 
tion of being a "good lawyer.'' He was quiet in his man- 
ner and of modest habits. He was of unquestionable in- 
tegrity, and had the confidence of his fellow-citizens. 
When Penobscot county was established in 1816, he was 
appointed Register of Probate, and held the office until 
Maine became a State. When Bangor was created a 
city, in 1834, Mr. Oilman was elected its first Mayor, 
and was re-elected the next year. He possessed great de- 



cision 01 character, and his administration was successiul. 
For the infringement of an ordinance defining the limits 
within which wooden buildings should not be erected, by 
Dexter E. Wadleigh, in removing a wooden building 
from one point to another within the limits, the Mayor 
caused it to be torn down. Mr. Wadleigh denied that 
removing the building w\as erecting it, and carried the 
question to the Supreme Court, which sustained the 
Mayor. On one occasion, when he was repairing, or re- 
building, a bridge which had been a source of tiouble by 
its sides sei^arating, a worker in iron passing by suggested 
iron rods with clamps as a protection against such casu- 
alty in future. "Yes," said the Mayor, "and the next 
that comes along will be a shoemaker, and he will sug- 
gest shoe-strings." 

Mr. Gililian possessed taste, and early in the century, 
selecting the acknowledged most beautiful site in the city 
at the time, erected a fine mansion thereon, afterwards 
remodeled by M. Schwartz, Esq., and now St. Xavier's 
Convent. In his contract for the carpenter-work he 
stipulated that liquor should be no part of the considera- 
tion. In that day rum was an implied firctor in such 
transactions. He guarded himself by having the full 
consideration expressed. 

Mr. Gilman married a second wife in 1S06. She was 
the daughter of Colonel John Brewer, of Brewer. He 
had by her five sons and two daughters. 

Mr. Gilman was small in stature. In the latter part of 
his life he was in feeble health, and died Aiiril 7, 1846, 
in the seventy-third year of his age. The Bar of this 
county made honorable mention of him as a man "known 
for the quickness of his perceptions, for his legal acu- 
men and his general acquaintance with legal principles. 
Highly respectable in all the dejiartments of practice, it is 
not, perhaps, too much to say that he was not excelled as a 
skillful, accurate, and accomplished conveyancer. In- 
to his professional intercourse he brought that urbanity, 
cheerfulness, intelligence, pleasant conversation, and 
agreeable manners which all acknowledgedto behis distin- 
guishiug characteristics as a man and gentleman. Remark- 
able for his strength of will, for his firmness of purpose, 
and an energy of character little to be expected in a 
frame of body somewhat fragile, he was always con- 
spicuous as a member of society and a citizen." 

PELEG CHANDLER. 

Mr. Chandler came from New Gloucester to Bangor 
about 1827. He was born about 1773, and was a class- 
mate in Brown University with the late Chief Justice 
Whitman, who entered that College in 1791. Mr. Willis, 
in his "Law and Lawyers of Maine," says that Mr. 
Chandler told him this story: He was studying with 
Rev. Mr. Briggs, of Halifax. When he went to Provi- 
dence to be e.xamined for admittance he was in rather 
low spirits. "While musing along," Mr. Chandler says, 
"on my old Rosinante, I saw a person some fifty rods 
aliead. As he approached I saw he was a young man 
with a large bundle tied up in a bandanna handkerchief 
hung over his back on a cane. He had on no coat or 
jacket or stock ; he wore an old pair of nankeen 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



213 



breeches, and I think had his stockings and shoes in one 
hand, suspended by his garters. When he got within 
two or three rods he sat down under the shade of an 
oaic. As I approached he saluted me by saying: 'I 
guess you are going to college; ain't you? You had 
better get off and take comfort with me under the 
shade.' This man is now Chief Justice of Maine (18^13), 
and this was the first time I ever saw or heard of liim. 
W'c lay 00 the ground under this tree three or four 
hours. I told him who I was, and all about my diffi- 
culties and my fears that I should not be able to enter 
college. He gave me words of courage; gave me the 
key to his room (as he had been there the freshman 
year), and we agreed to 'chum' together. . . Whit- 
man was at that time sixteen, and I almost nineteen." 

As may be inferred from the manner in which he re- 
lates the above anecdote, Mr. Chandler was a man of 
much humor and capable of entertaining a jury, w^hich 
he did. He practiced in Bangor quite succe.ssluUy until 
1847, when he died. The Bar passed resolutions of re- 
spect on the occasion of his death, testifying to .his 
"social virtues and professional courtesy and fidelity." 

Mr. Chandler married a sister of Chief Justice Par- 
sons, and was the father of those two eminent lawyers, 
Theophilus P. Chandler and Peleg W. Chandler, of 
Boston. 

HON. \VILLI.\M .ABBOT. 

This sterling man did not become a resident of Penob- 
scot county until after he had been a member of the Bar 
for twenty-nine years. He established himself in Bangor 
in 1829, and made his home there until he died, in 1849. 
He was the sixth in descent from George Abbot, who 
emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1644, and settled 
on a farm in Andover, Massachusetts. His father, Wil- 
liam Abbot, was born in Andover, and when young settled 
in Wilton, where he resided until he died in 1793, at the 
age of forty-six. He was a member of the State Conven- 
tion in New Hampshire which adojited the Constitution 
of the United States, and was a highly respected citizen. 

Upon his father's farm the subject of this notice ac- 
quired a taste for horticulture, which he never lost. He 
prepared for college in a town school in Wilton, under 
Jonathan Fisher, who afterward became the minister of 
Blue Hill, Maine. Harvard College was his (7/;/w w^z/cr. 
He graduated in 1797, with a high character for industry 
and moral worth. He read law with William Gordon, of 
.\inherst, New Hampshire, a lawyer of eminence; was ad- 
mitted to the Bar in 1800, and commenced the prac- 
tice of law in Castine, in the county of Hancock, in 1801. 
In tSo2 he married Rebecca, daughter of Dr. Israel 
Atherton, a physician of eminence in Lancaster, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Mr. Abbot was one of those men whose personal ap- 
pearance inspires confidence. The business men of the 
town soon learned that his appearance did not deceive 
them, and they intrusted their affairs in his hands. He 
was a sound lawyer, and gave diligent attention to the 
calls of his profession. In 1803 he was appointed Regis- 
ter of Probate for Hancock county, and held the office 



for eighteen years, until Maine became an independent 
State. In 1816 he was one of the Presidential Electors. 
He was also in that year chosen a member of the con- 
vention at Brunswick, on the question of the separation 
of the State from Massachusetts, and represented his 
town in o])posing the measure. He was a member of 
the convention at Portland, in 1819, that' framed the 
Constitution of the State, and was on the committee to 
report a name for it. He was afterwards a member of 
the Legislature, in 1821, 1823, 1826, and 1827. 

On his removal to FSangor, Mr. Abbot entered imme- 
diately into practice. His reputation was known, aiid 
important matters were put into his charge. His personal 
appearance inspired the same respect and confidence that 
it did in Castine. The town very soon placed him upon 
the Board of Selectmen. He was chairman of the 
Board when Bangor became a city, and was chairman 
of the committee that prepared the city charter; was 
chairman of the school committee of the city for several 
years; was instrumental in establishing the grade of 
schools; and was Mayor of the city from March, 1848, 
to August, 1849, when he died. 

Mr. Abbot had a taste for music, as well as for horti- 
culture. His family must have been musical. His 
brother, Dr. John Abbot, who practiced in Hampden and 
Bangor during the gi eater part of his professional life, 
was a noted musician. \Villiam taught music in his early 
life in iSIassachusetts and Connecticut, and when he 
graduated delivered a poem on the subject. 

The Penobscot Bar passed resolutions, reported by 
Elijah L. Hamlin, Albert W. Paine, and Charles Stetson, 
Esqrs., which bore cordial "testimony to his many estima- 
ble qualities, his patient industry, his fidelity, truthful- 
ness, and honest zeal for his client, and for the constant 
exhibition of those kindly feelings which have endeared 
him to us in his social as well as business relations." 

HON. HANNIBAL HAMLIN, 

United States Minister to Spain. Mr. Hamlin was born 
born in Paris, Maine, August 27, 1809; read law in 
Portland with Messrs. Fessenden & Deblois, the head of 
which was Samuel Fessenden, father of the Senator and 
of the late United States Consul at St. John, while at the 
same time he paid due regard to the famous suggestion 
of Pope — 

The proper study of mankind is m.in. 

After being admitted to the Bar, he came to Hampden 
about 1833, where he commenced practice. He had as 
extensive a business in Hampden as could be had there; 
and upon the site of the office of his predecessor in the 
profession, John Godfrey, Esq., he erected a substantial 
brick dwelling-house (an unusual thing in that town), as 
if he intended to stay. 

He, however, found Hampden a better field for pol- 
itics than for law. The men who were fond of law there 
were few: those who were fond of politics were many, 
and when a better politician came among them, they ap- 
preciated him. Mr. Hamlin's study of man jiroved of 
great advantage to him. The people soon found that the 
"better politician'' had come. They presently sent him 



114 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



to the Legislature, where he became a leader. In 1S43, 
at the age of thirty-four, he was in Congress, and repre- 
sented the Fifth District of his State in the Twenty-eighth 
anp Twenty-ninth Congresses successively. In the mean- 
time he kept up his practice of the law. He was never 
an idle man. He did not neglect his clients, and he did 
not neglect his friends. He was a good and reliable 
lawyer. 

But his political duties became more onerous. In 
1848 he was made a Senator of the United States, and ; 
then he relinquished the practice of law, except occasion- 
ally to argue a case in the United States Court. As 
Senator, as Governor of the State, as Vice-President of 
the United States, tie could not give his attention to the 
calls of his profession at honii. Now, as Minister to 
Spain, he may have his attention directed to some cjues- 
tions of international law; otherwise his connection with 
the prol'ession, practically, is probably at an end. 

Mr. Hamlin's great strength has lain in his knowledge ! 
of men. He early learned that every American deemed 
himself fundamentally the peer of every other man, and 
acted accordingly. The consequence was that he be- 
came and continued to be eminently the people's man. 
He never assumed to be above his fellows, and when 
some upstarts affected to sneer at certain of his pecu- 
liarities. Governor Kent used to say: "Let them sneer; 
Mr. Hamlin knows what he is about." To do one a favor 
was always his delight. It is a common saying that he 
was "always true to his friends." It might be added that 
every one was his friend when a personal service was de- i 
sired. In all matters at Washington, whether in the 
Departments or elsewhere, when his aid was requested 
he invariably gave it his personal attention, without del- 
egating it to others, and without considering whether 
the request came from a friend or a foe. One among 
many instances showing the disjjosition of Mr. Hamlin 
in this, respect is the following: 

Among his political enemies at Hampden was one who 
opposed him with remarkable virulence, even carrying 
his political unfriendliness to the extent of personal hate, 
and he knew that Mr. Hamlin was aware of it. 

After the Rebellion had become a fact, and military 
lines were established, so that passing from the Confed- 
eracy to the Republic could not be accomplished without 
a pass, this man found himself in a dilemma. A be- 
loved daughter was within the confederate lines, near 
Fortress Monroe, and he was anxious to get her home. 
Being in \Vashington, he learned that she could not be 
got through the lines without a pass from the Secretary 
of War. He had no one to assist him in getting one. 
All sorts of fears arose within him in regard to his 1 
daughter's safety, and he became very nervous. He was 
at his wits' end as to what to do. He knew no one to 
whom to apply, except Mr. Hamlin; and he was too 
conscious of the wrong he had done him to dare to ask 
him. But there was no alternative, and he made the \ 
venture. Having heard his request, Mr. Hamlin said, in 
his familiar way : 

"Jim, you know you have done everything to injure 
me ; you forgot the old school copy that we used to write 



from: 'It is a long road that has no turn.' How can you 
ask me to help you ?" 

Captain Jim took some time to reply. At length the 
hard answer came ; 

"Yes, 'Squire; I did quite wrong. I'm sorry, but — " 

"Well, Jim, I'm going to do you Bible justice. I am 
going to heap coals of tire upon your head. Go with 
me." 

They went to Mr. Stanton; Vice-President Hamlin 
procured the pass, and,' handing it to the Captain, told 
him he need have no further anxiety; he could get his 
daughter now. Captain Jim broke right down. The 
tears flowed freely. He could say nothing: he was too 
full. Thrusting the pass into his pocket, he went away, 
procured his daughter, and carried her home. He 
ceased to be an enemy of Mr. Hamlin. 

HON. ELIJ.'^H L, H.\MLIN 

was born in Livermore, Maine, March 29, 1800. He 
established himself in the profession in Columbia, Wash- 
ington county, where he practiced successfully several 
years. He had the confidence of the leading business 
men in that part of the State. On the decease of Colo- 
nel John Black, of Ellsworth, it was found that he was 
nominated executor of his will. He removed to Bangor 
about 1836. His private business required so much of 
his attention that he did not make himself conspicuous 
at the Bar. He had much to do with the politics of the 
State. He became a member of the Maine Historical 
Society in 1859, and from that time was much engaged 
in historical matters until his decease. He was first 
President of the Bangor Historical Society, and made 
many valuable collections for its cabinet. To his inves- 
tigation Mr. Parkman, in his "Pioneers of France in the 
New World,'' (page 271,) acknowledges his indebtedness 
for a knowledge of the locality on Mt. Desert Island 
where the Jesuits attempted to establish their mission in 
1613 — Fernald's Point. Mr. Hamlin was Land Agent 
of the State in 183S and 1841, and was Mayor of Bangor 
from March, 185 i, to March, 1853. He was also Rep- 
resentative to the Legislature from Bangor in 1846 and 
1847. He died in Bangor, July 16, 1S72, at the age of 
seventy-two. He was an older brother of Hon. Hanni- 
bal Hamlin, formerly Vice-President of the United States 
and the present Minister to Spain. 

GENER.^L CH.A.RLES H.XMLIN, 

son of Hannibal Hamlin, was born in Hampden, Sep- 
tember 13, 1837. He piepared for college at Hampden 
Academy, and graduated from Bowdoin in 1857; was 
admitted to the Bar of Penobscot county in 1858; com- 
menced practice in Orland, Hancock county, November 
10, 1858; continued there until the War of the Rebel- 
lion, when he went into the army and was there bet\yeen 
three and four years, coming from it with the commission 
of Brigadier-General. He went into practice in Bangor 
in 1865. In 1867 he was appointed Register in Bank- 
ruptcy, which office he still holds. 

General Hamlin has done a large business in the pro- 
fession. After he became Register his time was nearly 
all given to that business until recently; the cases in that 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



2IS 



court having been generally disposed of, he is now giving 
his attention to the law. As Register General Hamlin 
performed the duties of the office ably, systematically, 
and with good judgment. He was the City Solicitor 
two years. He is a good lawyer, reliable, courteous, and 
attentive to the wants of his clients. 

GEORGE I^. .SKWALL. 

Mr. Sewall was born in Franklin county, Maine; read 
law with Hon. H. Belcher, in Farmington; after admis- 
sion to the Bar commenced practice in De.xter ; and 
about 183s established himself in Oldtown. He was for 
several years a copartner with Samuel Cony, who was 
afterward Governor of the State. He has continued in 
the practice of law in Oldtown until the present time, 
and done a very large business. He has been a leading 
citizen of Oldtown and much connected with the town 
affairs. Finding Oldtown a favorable locality for an 
academy, he was largely instrumental in having one es- 
tablished there. He has been considerably connected 
with the politics of the Slate, and has represented his 
town and the county in the Legislature. During his 
later years he has been very much interested in agricul- 
ture, and has done much for the advancement of that 
department of industry. He has paid particular atten- 
tion to fruits. 

Mr. Sewall has been a good lawyer, and true to his 
clients ; and in politics has been very influential. He 
was opposed to the Rebellion, and by speech and action 
accomplished much for the cause of the Union. He has 
for several years been a co-partner with John A. Blanch- 
ard, the firm name being Sewall & Blanchard ; but his 
health is now so infirm that lie gives little attention to 
business. 

He is a man of much liumor, and the anecdotes re- 
lated of him are innumerable. One or two will give a 
taste of the quality of his wit. 

While in the House in 1S51-52 his seat was at one 
end of the Hall, and the seat of a member who was in- 
terested with him in a certain measure, was at the other 
end. They were as far from each other as they could 
well be, Sewall being in one of the lowest seats and his 
coadjutor in one of the highest. The coadjutor had a 
stentorian voice, and was to make the speech. Before- 
hand Mr. Sewall said to him that the distance was so 
great between them that it might be difficult for him to 
hear all that he said, and he must sjieak pretty loud. 

" How shall I know when I speak loud enough ?" 

"Oh, I will have a newspaper before me, as if reading, 
and I will raise it gradually until I can understand you." 

That was satisfactory, and the member began with 
tones distinct enough to be heard all over the house. 
But Mr. Sewall did not understand. The paper went up; 
the voice went up. Still Mr. Sewall did not understand, 
and the paper arose again, and the voice arose, but Mr. 
Sewall was not yet satisfied, and the paper kept its up 
ward movement, with a glance occasionally from Mr. 
Sewall, to the effect that more volume was required; and 
this was contmued until the voice could reach no higher 
pitch. People in the street wondered, and the speaker, 
reeking with perspiration, discovering that the paper was 



stationary, sat down exhausted, but satisfied with his 
effort. The House was satisfied; Mr. Sewall was satis- 
fied; and if the measure was not carried, it was not for 
want of satisfaction. 

On another occasion a voluble member had the floor, 
from whom came, in the opinion of Mr. Sewall and 
others, more sound than sense. During the effort the 
gentleman made frequent requisitions upon the page for 
water. After exhausting several glasses Mr. Sewall be- 
came exhausted by the gentleman's exuberance, and 
arose: 

"Mr. Speaker," he said, "I rise to a point of order." 

The Speaker — "The gentleman will state his point of 
order." 

Mr. Sewall — "I wish to know, Mr. Speaker, whether 
it is agreeable to the rules of this House, that a windmill 
shall run by water?" 

The windmill lost its motive power for that day. 

At one time Mr. Sewall wanted some cedar posts ; his 
neighbor, the Colonel, also wanted some; and as Mr. 
Sewall professed to know where there were some good 
ones, they went together in the woods for them. Their 
journey was sunposed to be u])on domains of different 
projirietors, the Colonel being one and a Massachusetts 
landholder another, and so on. Mr. Sewall hinted at the 
l)iopriely of supfjlying their wants from the land of the non- 
resident proprietor, as he had no thought for the welfare 
of Oldtown. At length they came to a spot, the aspect 
of which was gratifying. 

"There," said Sewall, "what do you think of that?" 

"Splendid," was the Colonel's response. 

"If you will cut it, T will haul it," said Sewall. 

It was agreed. The posts were cut and hauled agree- 
ably to the agreement. One half went to the Colonel's 
and the other half to Sewall's house. Before the hauling 
was completed the Colonel was induced by Mr. Sewall 
to divide a pine tree between them on the same condi- 
tions. Portions of the cedar and pine went into the com- 
position of these two gentlemen's front fences. There 
was no interference and everything was accomplished 
satisfactorily to both parties. Some time afterward the 
Colonel, in running the lines of his lot, came to a spot 
that seemed familiar, and on examining it critically he 
found it to be the place where he and Sewall had carried 
on their lumbering operation, and that all of the cedar 
and pine had been taken from his own land, instead of 
from that of the Massachusetts jjroprietor. 

It is said that for a long time afterward the Colonel 
was in the habit of telling the story with unction. 

HON. .XLBERT G. W.-\KEFIELD. 

Mt. Wakefield was born in Montpelier, Vermont, and 

losing his father at an early age, he had a fair experience 
of log-cabin and log-school-house life. Like a large 
portion of the young men w'ho amount to anything in 
this country, he had to work his way. After leaving the 
log school-house familiar with reading, writing, and 
.'\dam's arithmetic as far as "the rule of three," he as- 
pired to a knowledge of grammar, and made his way to 
Auburn, Massachusetts, where he found a higher grade 



2l6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



of school than that he had attended. When he informed 
the teacher of his desire to become accjuainted with 
grammar — 

"Grammar!" said the instructor, with staring eyes, 
"that will do you no good; you had much better study 
the Catechism !" 

But the pupil was persistent, and the teacher gave 
him the instruction he requested. By the close of the 
term he knew all of grammar that he could learn there. 
He also satisfied his teacher with his proficiency in the 
Westminster Catechism, which was then a sine qua non in 
the schools. The next winter he was employed to teach 
the same school. 

But a man with the qualities young Wakefield pos- 
sessed does not stop with school-teaching. He will be 
educated. He applied to the Rev. Enoch Pond, then 
a clergyman in Auburn, but now the venerable Doc- 
tor of Divinity, President of the Bangor Seminary, 
and the celebrated author of many books — for assistance 
in preparing for college. He did not apply in vain. In 
due time he entered Brown University, from which 
institution he graduated in 1830. Making his way to 
Bucksport in the fall of that year, he took charge of the 
High School there, and was its Principal for one year. 
After he had closed his engagement with the Bucksport 
school, he came to Bangor and entered the office of that 
thorough lawyer, William Abbot, .^fter studying with 
him and at the Cambridge Law School, he was admitted 
to the Bar in Bangor in 1834. Since then he has prac- 
ticed his profession successt'iilly in Bangor. The entire 
confidence which he inspired in those who committed 
their business to his care, brought him a practice of 
which any lawyer might be proud. He has been largely 
connected with the city government, having been Mayor 
two terms, and in both boards at various times; has been 
City Solicitor and u)jon the School Committee, and 
chairman thereof for many years. He has also been a 
trustee of the State Insane Hospital for several years. 
A modest man, Mr. Wakefield has never sought an office, 
and when in office he has performed his duties faithfully 
and without ostentation. He is a sound lawyer and a 

most estimable citizen. 

1 
1 

HON. HENRY E. PRENTISS, : 

son of Henry Prentiss, of Paris, O.xford county, Maine, 
was born February 12, 1S09. He was in the Military 
Academy at West Point as a cadet for four years, and 
afterward as a teacher. From there he went to Louisi- 
ana. He came to Bangor in 1834-35, and studied law j 
with Messrs. Kent and Cutting. He was admitted to ! 
the Bar in January, 1836, and went to Orono, where he 
commenced practice the same year, in connection with 
Israel Washburn, Jr., who afterwards was a Representa- 
tive in Congress and Governor of the State. The part- 
nership continued until 1839. Mr. Prentiss then moved 
to Bangor. He had a large practice and was an incessant 
worker; but the emoluments of the profession were not 
satisfactory. He became convinced that there was 
more money in the timber-lands of Maine than in the 
profession; and after a' time he devoted himself to the 



development of that idea with an assiduity that rewarded! 
him with an abundant fortune. Had Mr. Prentiss contiiw 
ued in the practice of the law, he was so inveteratelyl 
diligent that he would have been successful. But he was| 
a farmer's boy. He loved the open air and took pleasure 
in long journeys on toot, especially in the forests, where 
he saw beauties that the devotee of Coke never dreamed 
of He was a good citizen, and was appreciated. Hal 
represented Bangor in the Legislature, was connected! 
with the municipal affairs of the city, and was elected! 
Mayor. 

He died very suddenly, in June, 1S73. The Barl 
adopted resolutions of respect. The following, presented! 
by Hon. A. G. Wakefield, contains a correct summaryl 
of his qualities : 

Rcsol-ut'd, That, in the de.ath of our late brother, Henry E. Prentiss,! 
in the vigor of life and in the full tide of usefulness as a citizen and a" 
man, we have experienced a sorrowful bereavement; that, by his cheer- 
ful temper, courteous manner, and genial companionship, he had 
endeared himself not only to his brethren of the profession, but to all in 
the circle of his acquaintance; that while pnrsuing his professional 
duties he took a high and honorable position as a member of the Bar, 
and established the reputation of a good lawyer; that in early life, when 
surrounded by adverse circumstances, he cheerfully and manfully prac- 
ticed severe economy; but when we.alth had crowned a life of industry, 
he used it to minister to a refined and cultivated taste, and in hberally 
and gracefully dispensing his charities and hospitalities for the happi- 
ness of others; that with a full knowledge of the power belonging to 
money, rightfully used, it was always to him a servant, and never a 
master; that he practiced in an eminent degree untiring industry and 
perseverance, unspotted integrity, and loyalty to duty in all the relations 
of life; that iu all things he was strictly honest, and the faculties of his 
large mind were so evenly balanced that he was well tiiialined to meet 
all emergencies of life at all times. 

HON. J0S1.\H CROSBY, 

son of Oliver Crosby and Harriet (Chase) Crosby, of 
Atkinson. He was born in Dover, New Hampshire, 
November 14, 1816, and wem with his family to Atkin- 
son in 1820. He fitted for college at Foxcroft Academy ; 
graduated at Bowdoin in the class of 1835; tookthede- 
gree of A. M. at the same college in 1838; studied law 
with Alfred Johnson, of Belfast, and Frederick Hobbs, 
of Bangor, and Charles P. Chandler, of Dover ; was ad- 
mitted to the Bar in Piscataquis county, September, 
1838; was in practice in company with Mr. Chandler six 
months ; then at Levant, now Kenduskeag, a year and 
a half; then at Exeter, Maine, until January, 1845, w'hen 
he removed to Dexter, where he has since practiced, hav- 
ing business in Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Somerset 
counties, and in the United States courts for Maine. 

Mr. Crosby has been twice married — first, in 1844, to 
Henrietta Hill, daughter of Henry Hill, of Exeter, by 
whom he had two children, who died in infancy. His 
wife died in December, 1846. His second wife was 
Mary Bradbury Foss, daughter of Simon Foss, of Dex- 
ter, February 27, 1849, by whom he has had nine chil- 
dren, eight of whom are now living. 

In politics Mr. Crosby has been always a ^Vhig and a 
Republican. In 1857, 1863, and 1865, he was Repre- 
sentative to the State Legislature from the class of Dex- 
ter and Corinna. In 1867 and 1868 he was Senator from 
Penobscot county, and was President of the Senate in 
1868. In the other years of his legislative life he served 




itClA- ^D'i-O^^t 



€^tl€, 



■<=::) 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



217 



on the judiciary committee. Mr. Crosby was an active 
member of the Legislature, watched all the business, 
and in important matters took part; givinj;; all his time 
and thought, when necessary, and making, in many in- 
stances, elaborate speeches, which were listened to and 
read with much interest, and oftentimes influenced legis- 
lation. In 1870 he made a speech before a committee 
of the Legislature, against the consolidation of railroads, 
which attracted much attention. It was |5ublished, and 
in the minds of some had the credit of defeating the 
bill. He has made addresses on various public occa- 
sions, and published much in relation to public meas- 
ures. He has been engaged in important cases in the 
civil, equity, and criminal courts (State and United 
States), sometimes involving life, sometimes character, 
and sometimes large amounts of money ; and has met 
with his share of success. In his financial affairs he has 
been moderately prosperous. He has had much to do 
with matters in which his town has an interest. He 
framed the De.xter Railroad project, which has been a 
success, paying the farmers who invested in it their six 
percent, interest, as he predicted to them it would. He 
is a Director in the First National Bank in Dexter; lias 
been counsel and attorney of that bank, of the Dexter 
Savings Bank, and of the Dexter & Newport Railroad 
Company from the beginning; and has been the Moder- 
ator of every annual town meeting in Dexter for the last 
twenty-five years. 

Mr. Crosby became a member of the Maine Historical 
Society in 1868. He says: 

I h.ive ever lieen a Unitari.in in religion; of temperate haljits, fairly 
industrious, but not so excessively industrious as to endanger my life, 
as loo many men, especially Yankees, do. . . .And now, at 
the age of sixty-two, I feel nearly as young as ever. My f.iniily is the 
source of measureless happiness to me, far beyond the dreams of 
wealth. Upon the whole, I have but little inclination or cause to find 
fault with the .vorld. 

HON. LEWIS llAKKLK. 

Mr. Barker was born in Exeter, in this county, Febru- 
ary 18, 1816. His father was Nathaniel Barker, a native 
of Exeter, New Hampshire, who first established himself 
in Limerick, Maine, and afterward (1802) in the town- 
ship in Penobscot county to which he was instrumental 
in giving the naine of the place of his nativity. His 
mother was Sarah Pease, a native of Parsonsfield, Maine, 
a woman of rare qualities. Lewis was educated in the 
common schools and Foxcroft academy; but his employ- 
ment was that of a farm laborer, alternating with that of 
teacher, until he became of age. He then read law with 
Albert G. Jewett, in Bangor, for one year, and conqjleted 
his studies with Messrs, Kent & Cutting. He was ad- 
milted to the Bar in 1841, and commenced practice in 
Stetson, where he remained until 187 i, when he removed 
to Bangor, and has continued to practice there since. 
He has for many years been a member of the House 
and Senate of Maine, and was Speaker of the House in 
1867. He has been twice elected a member of the Ex- 
ecutive Council of Maine, and is now (iSSi) an Exec- 
utive Councillor. 

He married Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Francis 



Hill, of Exeter, and has had two children — a daughter, 
Evvie, who acquired some distinction as a writer, and 
died at the age of twenty four, and a son, Lewis A. Bar- 
ker, a lawyer, the junior member of the law firm of Bar- 
ker, Vose &: Barker, of which firm the subject of this 
sketch is the senior member. When Mr. Barker estab- 
lished himself in Bangor, he commenced practice alone; 
afterward he received his son as a partner, and the firm 
name was Barker & Son. 

Mr. Barker has fine qualities as an advocate and pub- 
lic speaker, is successful with juries, and is esteemed so 
with the electors in political campaigns. He has been a 
Republican ever since the organization of that party, and 
has done much profitable work for his party on the stump 
in various years in several of the New England, Middle 
and Western States. He is an indefatigable worker, 
and now is as active and apparently as vigorous as he has 
been at any time in his life. He is the brother of Noah 
Barker, of Exeter, a distinguished citizen of the county 
and State, and of the late David Barker, the poet lawyer. 

LEWIS A. B.ARKER. 

He is the son of Hon. Lewis Barker, and was born in 
Stetson, Maine, in August, 1854. He graduated at the 
Albany Law School in 1875, ^^'^ "'''••^ admitted to the 
Penobscot Bar the same year, when he commenced 
practice in Bangor with his father, under the firm name 
of Barker & son. In 1876 he became the junior mem- 
ber of the present firm of Barker, Vose & Barker. In 
1875 he married Miss Maggie, only daughter of Moses 
L. Appleton, Esq., deceased, formerly one of the leading 
members of the Penobscot Bar. Mr. Barker possesses 
qualities which will enable him to do credit to his family 
and the profession. 

HON. THOM.-\S W. VOSE. 

Thomas W'yman Vose was born in Portland, Maine, 
|uly 3, 1830. At the age of three years he came with 
his fathers family to Orrington, near Brewer village. In 
his fifteenth year he commenced to learn the trade of 
ship joiner, and continued in that business until the win- 
ter of 185 1, attending the common school in the winters, ' 
excepting one winter, when he attended Hampden Acad- 
emy, where he commenced preparation for college. After 
this he diligently pursued the work of preparation, teach- 
ing, and working at his trade during vacations. He en- 
tered the scientific department of Hanover College 
(New Hampshire) a year in advance, and graduated 
;rom that institution in July, 1858. After gradua- 
tion he entered the law office of Albert L. Kelley, in 
Winterport, and was admitted to the Bar of Waldo county 
at the May term, i860. Since then Mr. Vose has been 
a great worker in his profession. He opened an office 
in Winterport, and very soon had the confidence of the 
people. They elected him Representative to the Legis- 
lature from the class of Winter[)ort and Frankfort in 
1870, and his county sent him to the Senate in 1871. In 
January, 1872, he removed to Bangor, and his abilities 
were jecognized in Bangor, as they were in Winterport. 
He was elected City Solicitor in 1S75, and has served in 



2l8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUiNTY, MAINE. 



that office until the present time (1881), except for the 
year 1878. He has served one year upon the School 
Board and two years upon the Water Board, of which he ! 
is now a member. In 1876 he became a co-partner 
with Messrs. Lewis and Lewis A. Barker, and they 
adopted the style of Barker, Vose & Barker. 

In 1859 he married Ellen A., daughter of Elisha 
Chick, Esq., of Winterport. 

Mr. Vose is a careful and discriminating student, a re- 
liable lawyer, a man of integrity, a good citizen, and will 
doubtless continue to be successful in his profession. 

OLIVER LEONARD 

was the son of Jonathan Leonard, who descended from 
James Leonard, who claimed descent from Lord Dacre, 
of the noble family family of Leonard, who flourished 
at Pontypool, in England, in the twelfth century. James 
settled in Taunton, Massachusetts, in 1652, where he es- 
tablished the first manufactory of iron in America. 
Oliver was born in Norton, Massachusetts, in February, 
1764. He entered Brown University, at Providence, in 
1783, and graduated in 1787. While in college Shay's 
Rebellion occurred, and the student donned the soldier's 
uniform and performed the duties of adjutant under 
General Lincoln until his services were no longer neces- 
sary. From his fine personal appearance and good horse- 
manship, his adjutancy acquired for him the style of 
"Colonel," by wliich he was addressed in after life. 
When the Rebellion was subdued, Mr. Leonard returned 
to college and graduated in good standing. After a year 
occupied in trade, he entered the office of Stephen 
Dexter, Esq., in Newport, Rhode Lsland. From there he 
went into Judge Padelford's office, in Taunton, and after 
a short time there was admitted to the Bar in 1791. He 
established himself in Taunton in his profession. About 
that time he married Mrs. Sarah Fletcher, the widow of 
an English surgeon in the American Revolution, who 
had in her own right an annuity of one hundred guineas. 
He remained in Taunton until 1796, when, being im- 
pressed with the idea that the new country of the Penob- 
scot would be more favorable to his prospects than that in 
•which he was, he came to that part of Orrington which 
is now Brewer, and had such legal business as there was 
in the region for several years. But he did not confine 
his business to his profession. He was in haste to be 
rich, speculated in lumber, and gave too much of his at- 
tention to other matters. He was popular, and the peo- 
ple of Oirington sent him as a Representative to the 
General Court in Boston in 1798 and the five following 
years. 

In 18 1 7 Mr. Leonard removed to Bangor. He had 
not prospered in his too many vocations, and he thought 
to apply himself more closely to his profession; but it 
was wearisome, and his clients were few. His income 
diminished; his wife's income became the subject of 
a suit in chancery, and the payment of the annuities was 
suspended for nearly twenty years. He at last attempted 
to hold a Justice Court for the trial of cases; but that 
proved an abortive enterprise, and the prospects of. pros- 
perity which he thought existed when he came to Penob- 



scot, dwindled until he was reduced to absolute poverty. 
"His splendid figure bent, his cheerful and handsome 
face became gradually gloomy, and his conversation lost 
most of its charms under his adversity."* He died in 
January, 1828, and his widow, whose annuity was sus- 
tained by a decree in her favor, had the benefit of it for 
one or two years more, until she died. 

J.\COB MCG.^W 

was born at Merrimac, in the State of New Hampshire, 
September 6, 1778. He was the son of Jacob McGaw, 
who was born in the North of Ireland, in 1737, and emi- 
grated to America in 1760, at the age of twenty-three. 
His mother was Margaret Orr, a lady who descended 
from emigrants from the North of Ireland. The families 
of Jacob McGaw, Sr., and Margaret Orr being from the 
same locality in Europe and entertaining the saine re- 
ligious tenets — the Presbyterian — it was fitting that two 
members of the same church should come together in 
the relation of husband and wife. The fruit of the union 
was four sons and three daughters. Two of the sons 
were educated at Dartmouth College, and became law- 
yers, and two became merchants. Jacob graduated at 
the age of nineteen, in 1797. The same year he entered 
the office of Hon. Thomas W. Thompson, of what is 
now F'ranklin, and after devoting himself to the study of 
the law until iSoi, he was admitted as an attorney to 
practice in the Court of Common Pleas in January of 
that year. In the same month he established himself in 
Fryeburg, Maine, where he practiced until 1805, and 
shared the business with the Hon. Judah Dana, who 
was the only other practicing lawyer in that part of the 
country. While there he is said to have been the suc- 
cessful competitor against the Hon. Daniel Webster (who 
was then the preceptor of Fryeburg Academy) for the 
hand of Phebe Poor, a daughter of Ebenezer Poor, of 
Andover, Maine, and aunt of John .A. Poor, Esq., recent- 
ly deceased. As his business in Fryeburg was not satis- 
factory, in 1S05 he removed to Bangor, making the si.xth 
lawyer at that time in the three adjoining towns of Ban- 
gor, Hampden, and Orrington — Samuel E. Dutton and 
Allen Oilman in Bangor, Enoch Brown and John God- 
frey in Hampden, and Oliver Leonard in that part of 
Orrington which is now Brewer — and the only lawyers in 
what afterwards became Penobscot county. 

Mr. McGaw possessed talent, and having popular 
manners business within two years became very satisfac- 
tory; and always, until 1836, he had a successful prac- 
tice. Having suffered from too much confinement and 
too little e.xercise, he at that time relinquished his profes- 
sional engagements and retired to private life. Mr. 
Willis, in his History of the Lawyers of Maine, says: 
"He had great influence with the jury by his easy, pleas- 
ant manner, and his happy tact of introducing anecdotes 
and applying familiar incidents and facts to illustrate his 
argument. He retired from the Bar with the honors of 
the profession upon him, and with the respect and affec- 
tion of his professional brethren, his clients, and the com- 
munity." He was "a man of fine personal appearance, 

* Willis's Lawyers of Maine. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



219 



of ardent and impulsive temiJcrameiU, and n^reeahlc 
conversational powers." 

After he had retired he prepared some historical notes 
of Bangor, embracing facts which he had collected and 
within his ])ersonal recollection, with a view at one time 
of publishing them. From some cause he did not, but 
deposited them with the Maine Historical Society. When 
the county of Penobscot was organized, he was appointed 
County Attorney. This office he held until Maine be- 
came a State, giving great satisfaction in the peiformance 
of its duties. 

His death occurred on May 12, 1867, at the age of 
eighty-eight years, eight months, and six days. The Bar, 
on the 15th of the month, adopted the following resolu- 
tion: — 

Ri'Si^lvCii , That, dislinguished in his profession, wiiicli, as a lawyer 
.nnd advocate, he had illustrated, through a long and successful career, 
by eminent learning, ability, and integrity, beloved and esteemed for 
the kind and ample discharge of his duty to his family and his country, 
and crowned with the devout faith and good works of the Christian, he 
"came to his grave in a full age, like as a shock of corn cometh in his 
season." 

His death was duly announced, and an eloquent tribute 
to his worth was paid by A. Sanborn, Esq. Mr. Sanborn 
was followed by Judge Kent, who said: — 

He has. taught us how to grow old genially and gracefully, and how 
to retain the friendship and regard of new generations by kindly sym- 
pathy and active interest in passing events ; by forming new attach- 
ments, as the old were severed ; by a generous intercourse with his 
fellow-man, to the close of a long and serene old age. 

Mr. McGaw was the father of two daughters, one of 
whom survived him — the wife of Hon. John B. Foster, 
of Bangor. 

GEORGE Sr.\RRETT, 

was born in Warren, Maine, May 15, 1798. He came 
to Bangor about 1S25, and became a partner with 
Thomas A. Hill, under the firm name of Hill & Starrett. 
A methodical man, he early became the Secretary of the 
Bar. With the community he established a reputation 
for integrity, diligence, carefulness, and faithfulness. Im- 
plicit confidence was placed in him by all. 

He died February 2, 1837, and the Bar appointed a 
large committee of the most prominent members to re- 
j)ort resolutions of res[)ect. George B. Moody, Esq., 
Chairman, reported si.x resolutions eulogistic of him. 
Among them was the following, which gives an idea of 
the man : 

Resolved, That the example of our deceased brotlier, in rising from 
obscurity to tmiversal respect, attaining, in a few years, comparative 
affluence by the steady and unwearied cultivation of the talents com- 
mitted to him, by almost unexampled diligence in business, and, more 
than all, by unswerving professional integrity, is calcul.ited to impress 
on his brethren the useful lesson that a well-grounded self-respect, 
public esteem, and professional success, are the almost certain reward 
of the honest and diligent. 

Mr. Starrett intermarried first with Eliza Ann Ham- 
mond, of Bangor, who died January 3, 1828, aged 
twenty-one, leaving one son, George H. H.; second, with 
Martha Burgess, of Wareham, Massachusetts, who died 
December 13, 1833, aged thirty-five, leaving a son, 
Thomas B., and a daughter, Eliza H.; thitd, with Mrs. 
Caroline Langdon (Stone) Morrell, August 21, 1834, 
who died May 31, 1865, aged si.\ty-si.x, childless. 



CH.-VRLES G1LM.\N, 

son of Allen Gilman, was born in Bangor in 1807. He 
w'as a graduate of Brown University, studied law witli his 
father in Bangor.and was admitted tothe Bar in June,i83o. 
His tendency was rather to literature than to law while 
in Bangor, and he edited several publications in Bangor, 
as The Clarion, a weekly literary paper, published in 1828; 
Eastern Magazine, in 1835-36, a monthly; the Ban- 
gorean, a weekly, in 1836, all creditable publications. 
.-Vfter a few years Mr. Gilman removed to Illinois, where 
he edited the Law Reports of that State for several years 
with ability, and established before his decease a high 
reputation as a lawyer. 

J.\MES S. ROWE 

was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, October 20, 1807. 
He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1826, and came to 
Bangor about 1836. Mr. Rowe, notwithstanding he was 
for years an invalid, commanded a large and excellent 
practice, and became a leading member of the Bar. 
With a fine intellect, courteous manners, and a thorough 
acquaintance with the principles of the law, he com- 
manded the respect of the Bench and the Bar. Devoted 
to the profession, he continued to labor in it until, within 
a year or two past, he has been compelled by failing 
health to relinquish it altogether. 

JON.\THAX p. ROGERS 

was born in Kennebec county, and came to Bangor in 
1825. He was admitted to the Penobscot Bar in Janu- 
ary, 1826. In about 1S2S he went into partnership with 
Hon. Edward Kent, with whom he coiuiiuied until 1S31. 
He was appointed Attorney-Geneial of the State in 1832, 
and held the office until 1844. 

Mr. Rogers was a man of fine personal appearance, 
of great self-reliance, great endurance, great mental ac- 
tivity and acuteness, and of great logical power. He had 
the reputation, with many, of being the foremost lawyer 
in Maine. Ex-Governor Washburn says that "his men- 
tal endowments were never surpassed by those of any son 
of Maine; the master of principles and the consummate 
advocate, he was a born lawyer; with but slight aid 
frorn eaily education, no man that I ever heard speak 
possessed a style so close, so strong, and so pure; his 
addresses, whether to court or jury, might be set in type 
without the change of a single word."* No one would 
care to criticise this eulogy, perhaps, when it contains a 
reference to Mr. Rogers' slight early education. 

Mr. Rogers married Miss Page, an accomplished lady 
of Hallowell, removed to Boston, and died there at the 
age of forty-six years, leaving one son. 

S.AMUEL G.\RNSEY, 

son of Benjamin Garnsey, was born in Effingham, New 
Hampshire, in 1804; received his early education in 
Effingham and Gilmanton Academy ; read law with 
Josiah Dunbar in Effingham, and Judge Bailey in Wis- 
casset; came to Bangor in 1828, where he practiced law 
until 1840, and went to St. John, in the Province of New 
Brunswick, and was in other business until 1850-51. 
When he returned he did not resume the practice of the 

* Orono Centennial, p. 90, n. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



law. He was in mercantile business with Joseuh C. 
White, Esq., from 185 1 until 1854, the firm name being 
J. C. White & Co. After that he was in business by 
himself. 

He intermarried with Miss Eliza Ann Nichols, of Wis- 
casset, in 1828. 

He died in Bangor in 1873. He was a well-read and 
reliable lawyer, and a good citizen. The Bar passed res- 
olutions honoring his memory as that of "one who dur- 
ing his connection with the Bar sustained the character 
of an honest lawyer, a courteous and honorable practi- 
tioner, and one whose professional virtues we may well 
strive to imitate." Judge Cutting responded to the reso- 
lutions, alluding to the deceased in eulogistic terms and 
giving a brief sketch of his career in life as a professional 
and business man. 

THEOPHILUS p. CH.^NDLER. 

Theophilus Parsons Chandler, son of Peleg Chandler, 
was born in New Gloucester, Maine, October 13, 1807. 
He received his education at the public and private 
schools of his native town, never having been a student at 
an academy or college. He commenced the study of 
law in his father's office before his eighteenth year; fin- 
ished his studies with Frederick Allen, of Gardiner, Maine, 
and was admitted to practice in Kennebec county, Au- 
gust 13, 1829. He opened an office in Bangor, October 
8, 1829; removed to Gardiner November 19, 1829; re- 
turned to Bangor on November 4, 1831, where he con- 
tinued in full practice until the summer of 1836, when he 
removed his office to Boston, where it continued more 
than forty years. 

Mr. Chandler married Eliza J. Schlatter, of Philadel- 
phia, September 20, 1837, and removed his residence 
from Boston to Brooklyn, Massachusetts, in May, 1848, 
where he now resides. He is the father of seven chil- 
dren, four sons and three daughters, all of whom are now 
living except his oldest son, Charles Lyon Chandler, 
who was killed in Virginia May 24, 1864, while in com- 
mand of a regiment in the civil war. 

He never held a political office. He was for four 
years, ending in 1853, President of the Northern Rail- 
road of New York. In January, 1861, he was appointed 
one of the Peace Commissioners from Massachusetts to 
the National Convention held m Washington prior to the 
breaking-out of the civil war. In June, 1863, he was ap- 
pointed United States Assistant Treasurer for Boston, 
and held the office until the expiration of his second 
commission, in 1S6S. The honorary degree of A. M. 
was conferred upon him in Bowdoin College in 1837. 

(;eorge b. moody 
was born in the county of York in 1802. He entered 
Harvard College, and was graduated in 18 19, being 
there a classmate of Judge Kent. After having qualified 
himself for the profession, he established himself in Old- 
town, in this county. He afterwards removed to Bangor, 
where he won a high standing at the Bar. In 1841 he 
held the position of Coimty Attorney, to which office he 
was appointed by Governor Kent. He died in Bangor 
July 6, 1856, at the age of fifty-four, after a long illness. 



His death was announced to the Supreme judicial Court 
(then holding the law term, Chief Justice Tenney, with 
Justices Hathaway, Appleton, May, and Cutting on the 
bench) by Mr. Kent, who paid a felicitous tribute to his 
memory, and said: 

To myself, personally, his drath comes with more tlian usual impress- 
iveness. The companion of my early years, my college classmate and 
room-mate, the friendship then formed has been continued without a 
cloud or a shadow for nearly forty years. Our years of manhood have 
been spent at the same Bar, and in constant and close coinpanionship 
in professional and social life, and with unabated regard and unwaver- 
ing confidence. And now, as I recall all his truthfulness and sincerity, 
his guileless and confiding nature, his simplicity, his high sense of 
honor, his refined and polished manners, his domestic virtues, which 
always rendered his house attractive to its inmates and friends, I feel 
that I have lost a brother with whom I have walked pleasantly so 
many years. 

The volumes of our reports, which but imperfectly present the argu- 
ments of counsel, will nevertheless show that he was a lawyer clear 
and able in his arguments, and presenting his views forcibly, and ex- 
hausting whatever supject he undertook to investigate. 

Afterwards Mr. Kent presented complimentary resolu- 
tions of the Bar, and Chief Justice Tenney responded. 
He said that the deceased "possessed talents and legal 
attainments of a high order, and seized upon and pre- 
sented points with clearness and force, and often sur- 
prised opposing counsel in argument by a success to 
them entirely une.\pected." 

GEORGE W. INGERSOLL 

was born in New Gloucester, county of Cumberland, 
Maine, in 1803; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1830; 
studied law with the late Judge Daniel Goodenow in Al- 
fred, Maine ; was admitted to the Bar and went into 
jjractice in Oldtown, Penobscot county, in 1832. Like 
most farmer's boys of that day striving for an education, 
he taught district school to pay the expenses of a collegi- 
ate course. When he had accumulated money enough 
[ to pay the expenses of a first term, he went to the military 
school at Norwich, Vermont. An elder brother had 
ptomised to aid him, but at the end of the term, being 
disappointed in this and fearing that his well-disposed 
brother would not be able to carry out his intentions, and 
unwilling to incur a dollar of debt, he took all his world- 
ly goods lied up in a handkerchief, and walked from the 
school to his home in Maine, feasting on bread and milk 
on his way when hungry, instead of spending his little 
substance at taverns. Upon this journey he contracted a 
lameness from which he began to suffer towards its close, 
and obtained relief from a bottle of opodeldoc, a famous 
remedy in that day, the purchase of vvhich nearly bank- 
rupted his purse. Applied on the roadside occasionally, 
however, it enabled him to finish his journey. But the 
lameness did not entirely leave him; at times after- 
wards during his life it reminded him of his efforts for an 
education. 

From Oldtown Mr. Ingersoll removed to Bangor, 
which ever afterwards was his place of residence, contin- 
uing in the practice of his profession. 

He was Inspector of Customs in Bangor when Hon. 
William C. Hammatt held the office of Collector, under 
President Taylor. He reijresented the city of Bangor in 
the Legislature ot 1854 and 1855, ''"'^ ^^''^ Attorney- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



221 



General of the State in iS6o. Hr was a sound lawyer, 
entirely reliable both as counsel and as a man. 

Mr.' IngersoU intermarried with Henrietta, daughter 
of Oliver Crosby, Esq., of Atkinson. They had three 
children living when he died — Edward C, who went into 
the profession, and is now in Washington, District of Co- 
lumbia; Alice, a beautiful and accom[)lished lady, the 
wife of Hon. Daniel H. Chamberlain, e.x-Governor of 
South Carolina; and Fanny Hilliard IngersoU, who has 
the reputation of being the best short-hand writer now in 
Washington. 

The Penobscot Bar passed resolutions on the occasion 
of Mr. IngersoU's death, which occurred early in the year 
iS6o, in which they bore "willing testimony to his inflex- 
ible honor, his eminent abilities, and unswerving fidelity in 
all his personal relations." 

\V1LLI.\M T. HILLIARD 

was born in Gorhani, in the county of Cumberland. He 
graduated at Bowdoin College in the year 1826. Having 
qualified himself for the profession of law in the offices 
of ludge Pierce, of Gorhani, and Judge Ruggles, of 
Thomaston, he was admitted to the Bar. In 1832 Mr. 
Hilliard commenced practice in Oldtown, in this county. 
He continued in practice in Oldtrtwn for seven years, and 
attained a high degree of po[)ularity. In 1847 '""s be- 
came a candidate for the office of Clerk of the Courts, 
and was elected over the Whig candidate and the regular 
nominee of his own, the Democratic party, his own town 
complimenting him with a nearly unanimous vote. After 
liis election Mr. Hilliard removed to Bangor, and has 
since resided there. He held the office of Clerk of the 
Supreme Court for about ten years, having been three 
times reelected. On retiring from that office he formed 
a connection in business with Moses L. .Appleton, with 
whom he did a large business; and afterward with E. W. 
Flagg, who succeeded Mr. Appleton in the firm. Mr. 
Hilliard has since been in business for himself, alternating 
his professional with literary labors, of which he is fond. 

N.\TH.\N'IEL WILSOX 

was born at Haverhill, Grafton county. New Hampshire, 
September 18, 1808; fitted for college at the academy in 
his native town; entered Dartmouth College in 1S25; 
graduated in 1S29; and went thence in September to 
Lancaster, where he taught the academy two years, hav- 
ing been its first preceptor. Here he gained a high rep- 
utation as a successful and popular teacher. In 1831 he 
took charge of the High School in Augusta. His suc- 
cess in this position was highly complimented, and he 
gained much credit for executive ability. Among his 
pupils who subsequently acquired distinction were Gen- 
eral Seth Williams, Hon. John Potter and three brothers, 
Hon. B. A. G. Fuller, and Hon. George W. Ladd, now 
Congressman. 

From Augusta Mr. Wilson w-ent, in 1S32, to Gardiner, 
and read law with the Hon. George Evans. In January, 
1834, he was admitted to the Bar in Kennebec county, 
and came thence to Orono, arriving there January 12, 
1834. 



July 17, 1S34, he married .\deline, youngest daughter 
of Benjamin and Sarah Haven Boardnian, of Lancaster, 
New Hampshire, a most beautiful and accomplished 
woman. She died, December 12, 1836, of consumption, 
leaving no children, .-^pril 17, 1839, Mr. W. intermar- 
ried with Abbie /Vnn, the oldest daughter of the late 
Jeremiah and Susan Colburn. By this marriage he has 
had ten children, seven sons and three daughters. Five 
sons and two daughters, and seven grandchildren, are 
living. Their oldest son was a volunteer, and made a 
Lieutenant in Company F, Twelfth Maine Regiment, 
under Colonel George F. Shepley. By exposure and 
hardshi])s at Ship Island and New Orleans he contracted 
disease, which in 1873 caused his death. Two sons are 
graduates of Bowdoin College, one now in the practice 
of the law at Orono, the other a clergyman. A third, 
aged twenty, is a graduate of the State College, in the 
class of 1 881, and has chosen the profession of physi- 
cian (he being the seventh son). Two other sons are 
successful business men, and both have families. Of his 
two daughters, one is the wife of a professor in the State 
College of Pennsylvania, and the other has recently com- 
pleted two years of successful teaching as the Preceptress 
of Cumberland Institute. Mr. Wilson feels a most com- 
mendable and justifiable pride in his children. 

Mr. Wilson has been prominently identified with all 
the leading interests calculated to add to the prosperity 
of the town. Its public school, the cause of temper- 
ance, moral and religious influences — each and all have 
found in him a friend and faithful advocate. At much 
inconvenience he has served as a member of the Super- 
intending School Committee more than thirty years. He 
was largely instrumental in securing the location at Orono 
of the State College of .Agriculture and the Mechanic 
Arts, has ever been its firm and devoted advocate and 
friend, and for several years served as one of the Trus- 
tees and on the Executive Committee. He has held at 
different times most of the various town offices. In Sep- 
tember, 1879, he was chosen Representative to the Legis- 
lature, and acquitted himself with honor to himself and 
the district he represented. He was placed on the 
Judiciary Committee, a position of high responsibility 
and importance. In the matter of restoring the salaries 
of the Justices of our Supreme Judicial Court, few, if any 
members, exerted more effective influence; and in a 
speech of much power and force he nobly sustained the 
high character of all its members. That the State Col- 
lege in 1S80 was donated anything, and also saved from 
serious depression and injury in its prescribed course of 
studies, to him must be given the highest meed of praise, 
he advocating the claims of this institution as one worthy 
the most liberal patronage, which it was the duty and 
pledged obligation of the State to sustain. He served 
one year as the Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Order 
of Sons of Temperance, and was for several years a 
delegate to the National Conventions of the Order. As 
a professional man he has always done a large and suc- 
cessful business, and won his full share of all contested 
cases. To his clients, whether rich or poor, he was al- 



222 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



wavs true nnd f.iillifnl. lie commenrcd pvactice in 183', 
and at this date (August, 1881), is still actively engaged 
in his chosen |3rofession. 

In politics Mr. \Vilson was originally a Whig, and still 
believes in the principles of that grand old party, as main- 
tained by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. When that 
party died he fell gradually into the ranks of the National 
Democratic party, and was a strong advocate of the elec- 
tion of Tilden and of Hancock to the Presidency. In 
the matter of creeds he is a Congregationalist, with 
large charity for all denominations and a firm and abid- 
ing faith in an ovcrruluig Providence. 

WILLI.-\M H. m'cRILLIS, 

son of Dr. John McCrillis, was born in Georgetown, 
Maine, November 4, 1S13. He studied law with Messrs. 
Allen & Appleton, in Bangor, was admitted to the Bar 
in Kennebec county, and commenced practice in Bangor 
in 1834. A ready speakei, with a keen intellect and a de- 
termination t5 succeed, Mr. McCrillis early made himself 
known at the Bar; his practice became large and profita- 
ble, and for many years he has been a leading lawyer in the 
county and State. In 1838 he was appointed County 
Attorney by Governor Kent, and held the office while 
the Whigs were in power. The efficient military leader 
in the Aroostook war. General Hodsdon, had such con- 
fidence in his abilities that, notwithstanding his different 
political views, he made him his adjutant for a time, dur- 
ing which he rendered efficient service. 

In 1838 Mr. McCrillis was elected by the Republicans 
of Bangor to the House of Representatives of Maine, and 
he was re-elected in 1859 and i860. Of late years he 
has not been in public political life. He still' piaciices 
in the courts. He is a reliable counselor, an efficient 
lawyer, and an eloquent advocate; and his cases are 
among the most important. 

D.-\VID ll'CRILLIS 

was born in 1828 in Sandwich, New Hampshire. He 
read law with William H. McCrillis, in Bangor, and soon 
after was admitted to the Bar. He died in 1852. The 
resolutions adopted by the Bar set forth that he was 
"possessed of excellent natural gifts, an intellect clear 
and penetrating, a memory minute and capacious, of 
demeanor mild and firm, giving no assurances that he 
did not fulfil; endowed with an instinctive appreciation of 
truth and a ready capacity to separate the true from the 
false; incapable of cherishing resentment or forgetting 
kindnesses, he stood to us as one already endeared by 
what we knew him to be, and recognized from his habits 
of industry, temperance, and correct taste, as in the cer- 
tain path to realize all his large and generous promise." 
One who knew him well said, "He had one of the clear- 
est heads I ever knew." 

MOSES L. APPLETOX 

was born in Waterville, Maine, in 181 1. He graduated 
from Waterville College (now Colby University) in 1830; 
commenced the study of the law with Hon. Samuel 
Wells, in Waterville; then attended the Law School in 
Cambridge; and went to Sebec in 1832, where he com- 



|)leted his law course uilh Hon. John Appleton. He 
was admitted to the Bar in 1833, and removed to Bangor 
in 1834, where he went into practice with George Star- 
rett, Esq. After Mr. Starrett's decease, in 1837, he be- 
came a copartner with \Villiam T. Hilliard, Esq., with 
whom he had a large practice. He was also connected 
in business with Judge Appleton a few years; afterwards 
he retired from business and died in 1859. 

Mr. Appleton represented the city of Bangor in the 
Legislature in the years 1S48 and 1849, and was a mem- 
ber of the city government. 

The Bar passed resolutions recalling "his honorable 
professional career as a lawyer, his honesty and upright- 
ness as a man, and his social, genial, and kindly dispo- 
sition as a friend and companion," and lauding his per- 
sistent and effective support of every public enterprise 
for the promotion of the welfare of the city, as a piivate 
citizen, as a member of the municipal government, and 
in the Legislature of the State. 

Mr. Appleton intermarried with Jane S,, the youngest 
daughter of Hon. Thomas H. Hill. They had three 
children — two sons, now deceased, and one daughter, 
the wife of Lewis A. Barker, Esq. 

FREDERICK H. .APPLETON, 

son of Chief Justice John .Appleton, was born in Bangor 
in 1844; prepared for college in the Bangor High School; 
graduated from Bowdoin College in 1864; read law with 
F. A. Wilson; was admitted to the Bar in Bangor in 
1867; after admission went into |)ractice in Boston, Mas- 
sachusetts, where he continued until 1872, when he re- 
turned to Bangor, where he entered into partnership with 
the Hon. S. F. Humphrey, with whom he is now as- 
sociated. 

Mr. Appleton stands high in the profession for in- 
tegrity and ability. He has a clear intellect and a good 
knowledge of the law; is a courteous gentleman, and is 
successful in his practice. 

ALBERT W. PAINE. 

Albert Ware Paine was born in \\"inslow, Maine, August 
i6, 1812. His faher was Frederick Paine; his mother 
Abiel (Ware) Paine, who came I'rom Foxboro, Massachu- 
setts, early in the century. Those interested to know 
the genealogy of the family will find it in a work just put 
forth by Mr. Paine, entitled the "Paine Genealogy,'' 
in which its history is traced from Japhetic times to the 
present. Bv this it appears that the name of the family 
"gradually changed from Paganus (signifying 'country- 
man,' 'unbeliever,' 'pagan'), to Pagan, P.igen, Payen, 
Payne, and Paine," and that Payson and Pyson are differ- 
ent forms of the same appellation, and that all of the 
families of Paine belong to the Norman race. 

The subject of this sketch "graduated at Waterville 
College in the class of 1832 ; studied law with Hon. 
Thomas Rice and Governor Samuel Wells, and was ad- 
'mitted to practice as attorney-at-law in 1835, at Bangor, 
Maine, where he has since resided." He was admitted 
to practice in the United States Supreme Court at Wash- 
ington in 1835. He has been a busy lawyer almost ever 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



223 



since lie opened an office. He made himself early ac- 
quainted with land titles, and established a reputation as 
a good real-estate lawyer and conveyancer. He has had 
many important suits in law and in equity, and often 
acted as fiduciary agent, and gave great satisfaction. 
The amount, quality, and importance of the business he 
has done, and at the age of sixty-nine is still doing 
indicates the high estimation in which he is held as a 
lawyer. 

In 1S68 and i<S69 he was Bank and Insurance Com- 
missioner, and al'tcrward Insurance Cotnmissioner of the 
State for three years. He held the office of Ta.\ Com- 
missioner in 1874. 

Mr. Paine has been instrumental in procuring several 
useful enactments by the Legislature upon various sub- 
jects. The genealogical work he has just published 
evinces great labor and research, and entitles him to the 
lasting gratitude of the family embraced in it. 

In 1840 Mr. Paine intermarried with Mary Jones Hale, 
a descendant ot Rev. John Hale, of Beverly, Massachu- 
setts, who wrote an account of the wonders of the in- 
visible world that afflicted New England in 1692, which 
Cotton Mather ]ironounces "unexceptionable," and 
transcribes into his "Magnalia," assuring the reader that 
"he hath now to do with a writer who would not for the 
world be guilty of overdoing the truth in a matter of this 
importance,* and a writer who was not incapable of 
altering his judgment, when satisfied that he was in 
error. 't They have four children, daughters, all living. 

FREDERICK HOBKS. 

Mr. Hobbs was born in Weston, Massachusetts; pre- 
pared for college at Atkinson (New Hampshire) Academy; 
graduated at Harvard college in 1817; read law with 
Isaac Fiske, of Weston, and with Daniel Webster; estab- 
lished himself in the profession at Eastport, in Novem- 
ber, 1820, where he did a large business. In 1836 he 
was nominated in the Hancock and Washington county 
District for Congress. He declined to accept the nom- 
ination, on the ground that he was to leave the District. 
He came to Bangor in 1837, and remained here in prac- 
tice until a year or two before he died, in 1854. 

Mr. Hobbs was fond of his profession and gave unre- 
mitting attention to his business, which was large and of 
an important character. He was a well-read and reliable 
lawyer, a systematic business man, and a gentleman. A 
shock of paralysis, some time before he died, rendered 
him unable to attend to business, and he reluctantly left 
his office never to return to it. He died October 10, 
1854, leaving a widow, an accomplished and amiable 
lady, the daughter of Philip Coombs, Esq., an early citi- 
zen of Bangor, and an adopted daughter, the wife of 
Hon. Elisha H. .Allen, then Chief Justice of the Sand- 
wich Islands, who died in 1S81. The Bar passed reso- 
lutions of respect, recognizing his "untiring industry, 
strict integrity, his extensive reading and legal acquire- 
ments, his social qualities, his genial hospitality, his pure 
morals, his liberality, and strict observance of all the 

*. Mather's Magnalia, Book VI., Cli. 3, 14, ex. 
+ Huich, .Mass. II, 6i. 



duties of a good citizen, a good lawyer, and a good 
man." 

NATH.^N WESTON, JR., 

was a native of Augusta, son of Chief Justice Weston, 
and a graduate of Bowdoin College. He came to Orono 
in 1837, entered into partnershi[) with Nathaniel Wilson, 
and thus continued for about one year. Mr. Weston was 
subsequently appointed Paymaster in the Army during 
the Mexican war. He received a severe injury to his 
shoulder by being thrown from his horse while on duty, 
in consequence of which he became a Government 
pensioner. 

His first wife was Catharine, wife of Colonel E. Web- 
ster; his second wife a Miss Rogers, of Newton, Massa- 
chusetts. He represented Orono in the Legislature in 
the years 1849 ^"d 1850. He was always a Democrat 
in politics. In 1850 he was chosen Clerk of the Courts 
for Penobscot county, and was re-elected, serving six 
years. He went to Bangor in 1850, and in 1858 re- 
moved to Massachusetts. 

THOM.AS J. COPEL.-^ND 

came from Dexter to Orono, and entered into partnership 
with Mr. F. A. Fuller, continuing some one and a half 
to two years, when he returned to the former place. 

WILLI.\M C. CROSBY. 

William Chase Crosby, second son of Oliver Crosby, 
of Atkinson, Maine, was born in Dover, New Hamp- 
shire, December 2, 1806. With his father, who was a 
member of the profession in New Hampshire, he came to 
Atkinson in 1821. His early education was academical, 
obtained in Dover, and afterward at Gardiner Lyceum. 
He came to reside in Bangor in 1S2S, and went into 
trade on Broad street. November 3, 1838, he became 
copartner with Wiggins Hill; the firm name was W. C. 
Crosby & Co. But before the copartnership was dis- 
solved, October 14, 1S33, the Hill interest was vested in 
S. J. Foster and Benjamin Brown. In 1831-32, w-ith 
Albert G. Jewett, he built the brick block on Third 
street, recently taken down. 

November 26, 1S32, he intermarried with Mary, 
daughter of Hon. John and Hannah Wilson, of Belfast. 
In the tall of 1835 he removed to Atkinson, where he 
resided about ten years, assisting his father in his large 
agricultural and other business, and in carrying on a farm 
of his own. Although always interested and successful 
in agriculture and horticulture, yet the true bent of his 
mind was legal, and from having been consulted and 
employed in town and other business, he became so 
interested in the law that he qualified himself for the 
profession, and was admitted to the Bar of Piscataquis 
county in 1845. He shortly after came again to Bangor, 
and formed a connection with Daniel T. Jewett, and 
they were in the practice of the profession together until 
the autumn of 1850, when Mr. Jewett left to engage in 
the steamboat business in Darien.* Their office was in 
Elm Block, on Hammond street, and Mr. Crosby con- 
tinued to occupy it until he died, in 1880. His wife, 

*Mr. Jewett afterward went into the practice in St. Louis, and be- 
came a United States Senator. 



224 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Mary, died October 28, 1865, leaving him with four 
cliildren, who are now living. September 23, 1867, he 
was again married, to Mrs. Susan W. Dunmore, daughter 
of Daniel Wheeler, of Brewer, widow of Rev. George 
W. Dunmore. By this marriage he had no child. 
He was a member of the Common Council of Bangor 
in 1852 and 1853, and of the Board of Aldermen in 
1870, 1871, 1872, and 1874; and acquired the reputation 
of being one of the best members of the city govern- 
ment that Bangor ever had. 

Mr. Crosby was a good lawyer. He perfectly under- 
stood his cases, and no one got an advantage of him by 
technicalities. He had an extensive practice under the 
bankrui-it law, and looked carefully after the interests 
of his clients. He was industrious, able, and honest. 
He died in Bangor July 21, 1880. The Bar passed 
complimentary resolutions, which were presented by 
Abraham Sanborn, Esq., accompanied by eloquent and 
appropriate remarks; to which Chief Justice Appleton 
replied, saying, among other things: 

Notwiihstanding he commenced the study of law somewhat late m 
Hfe, he made himself a master of its principles. An acute and accurate 
lawyer, he was ever faithful to the interests of his clients. He was 
careful and cautious in giving advice, prudent in the institution ot 
suits, and persevering in their prosecution. Neither time nor labor nor 
ability was wanting. Honorable and upright in all the relations of life, 
public and private, his integrity was above suspicion and reproach. 
Kind and affectionate to his friends and family, they knew well his 
home virtues, and will deeply feel iiis loss. 

D.WID B.\RKER, 

son of Nathaniel and Sarah (Pease) Barker, and brother 
of Hons. Noah and Lewis Barker, was born in Exeter, in 
this county, September 9, 181 6. He was educated at 
the common schools, and closed his preliminary exami- 
nation at Foxcroft Academy, where he became an assist- 
ant. He studied law with Hon. Samuel Cony, and in 
1848 was admitted to the Penobscot Bar. He established 
himself at Exeter, his native town, where he practiced 
successfully until failing health compelled him to be 
much from his office. He died at the residence of his 
brother Lewis, in Bangor, September 14, 1874, at the age 
of fifty-eight years. Mr. Josiah Crosby, in presenting the 
resolutions of respect, said : 

His ability and attainments in the legal profession, notwithstanding 
constant feebleness of health, were highly respectable; and there is no 
doubt that, had his health been firm and his physical powers equal to 
his mental, he might have attained to a distinguished position at the 
Bar. . Those of his brethren who, some fifteen or twenty years since, 
were accustomed to meet him in the conflicts of the arena, will well re- 
member that victory over such an antagonist was not easily won. 
Feebleness of health, however, seated upon the nervous system, had a 
tendency to create a dislike for the combative part of legal practice, 
which he finally relinquished, and gladly sought a purer and higher en- 
joyment in the fascinatmg realms of poetry. 

In one department of poetry he had obtained a distinguished reputa- 
tion—a lot which seldom happens to travellers in the rugged and diffi- 
cult paths of the legal profession. Poetry he loved. The Muses 
answered kindly to his call, and it was a source of just satisfaction to 
him that he had written some things that would live .after him. 

Mr. Barker was not a politician, but his class sent him 
to the Legislature. The position was not agreeable to 
him, and he never again was in any political office. He 
was kind and courteous in his manner, a genial compan- 
ion, a good neighbor and citizen. As Judge Peters well 



said, among other complimentary things, in his response, 
"it was always pleasant to meet him." 

The Bar put on record "its cheerful testimony to his 
ability as a lawyer, his amiability, urbanity, and unques- 
tioned integrity." 

Mr. Barker married Miss Chase, daughter of Timothy 
Chase, Esq., of Belfast, and left a son and daughter. 

ICH.\BOD D. BARTLETT 

was born in Dover, New Hampshire, Noveinber 25, 
1823. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1843, and 
prepared himself for the profession of the law in the office 
of Daniel M. Christie, in his native place. He estab- 
lished himself in Bangor in 1847, and obtained a large 
and successful practice, that he retained until his decease, 
which occurred at Mount Desert, July 27, 1S61. He 
was a " learned, laborious, and able lawyer," and had the 
thorough confidence of his clients. He was considerably 
connected with the municipal affairs of the city, and in 
judgment was esteemed sound and reliable. The Bar 
passed resolutions eloquently recognizing his abilities, 
which were presented by Abraham Sanborn, Esq., and 
were responded to by Chief Justice Appleton, in which 
he said: 

Few were better acquainted with the technical learning of the earlier 
days, or more fully versed in the liberal principles with which enlarged 
philosophy and advancing civilization have illustrated the jurisprudence 
of more modern tinics. In the practice of the courts, as in all his 
dealings, his integiity was never doubted nor questioned. His mind 
was discriminating and vigorous, and his perception quick. All who 
knew him respected his opinions and confided in his judgments. His 
sterling honesty commanded the confidence of the public. His kindly 
nature and his warm affections endeared him to his family and friends. 

MATTHIAS WEEKS, 

a native of New Hampshire, practiced law in Clinton, 
Kennebec county, where he represented his class in the 
State Legislature for two or three years. He removed to 
Orono about 1S53, remained in practice there four or 
five years, and returned to Clinton, where he died. 

M.\KCELLUS EMERY, 

son of Dr. James Emery and Sally Rowe Emery, was 
born in Frankfort, Maine, July 24, 1830 ; entered Bow- 
doin College in 1844 ; graduated in 1853, and became 
the Princi|3al of the City High School in Gardiner, Maine. 
In .August, 1855, he resigned and went to Woodville, 
Mississippi, where he taught in a private family. In 
.May, 1856, he went to Evansville, Indiana, and entered 
the law office of Wheeler & Robinson. In July he re- 
turned to Maine, and made electioneering speeches in 
behalf of Buchanan and Breckenridge. In October he 
entered the law office of Abraham Sanborn, in Bangor, 
and was admitted to the Bar in November. He became 
a law partner with Mr. Sanborn, February 2, 1857; 
August ist became the editor of the Bangor Daily Union, 
and also of the Democrat, a weekly paper. In 1859-60 
he served one year as Alderman for Ward One, but de- 
clined a re-election. In i860 he was Chairman of the 
Breckenridge State Democratic Committee. August 
12th of the same year his printing office was destroyed 
by a mob. In 1S62 he again entered the practice of law 
in Bangor. In 1863, January ist, he revived the Democrat. 
In 1S64 he was delegate to the National Democratic 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



225 



Convention at Chicago; and in 1868 a delegate I0 the 
Democratic National Convention in New York ; and on 
July 7th, in behalf of the majority of the Maine delega- 
tion, he presented the name of George H. Pendleton, of 
Ohio, as candidate for President. August 17, 1870, he 
was nominated for Congress from the Fourth District. 
January i, 1870, he established the Bangor Daily Com- 
mercial, and luly i8th of the same year he was nominated 
again by the Democrats for Congress. 

It will be thus seen that Mr. Emery was rather a poli- 
tician than a lawyer. He was a man of decided opinions, 
a man of courage and ability. Had he continued in the 
practice of his profession from the time he entered it, 
he probably would have obtained high position as a 
lawyer. He never married, and died in 1878. 

HENRY L. MITCHELL 

was born in Unity, Waldo county, in 1844. He had in 
early life the advantages of a thorough academic educa- 
tion, which was afterward improved by private tuition. 
He studied law in Bangor, was admitted to the Bar m 
Penobscot county in 1866, and to the Bar of the United 
States Circuit Court in 1S71. He has always, since he 
went into practice, resided in Bangor and devoted him- 
self to his profession, making equity and bankrupt law 
specialties. He is a Justice of the Peace and Notary 
Public. 

Mr. Mitchell is enthusiastic in his profession, and la- 
bors with a persistency and ability worthy the success 
which he achieves. 

CHARLES A. BAILEY 

was born March 10, 1838, in what is now the town of 
Columbia Falls, in Washington county, Maine. He 
studied at the Maine State Seminary, Lewiston (now 
Bates College), and completed a course about two years 
in advance of the requirements for entering college, but 
was unable to complete a college course, owing to ill- 
health. He subsequently entered the office of the Hon. 
Jotham Lippincott, at Columbia Falls, and commenced 
the study of law, and afterwards continued his reading in 
the office of Peter Thacher & Bro., of Rockland, Maine. 
Before being admitted to the Bar, he entered the army, 
and served in the Thirtieth Regiment Maine Infantry 
until the close of the war. In 1865 he entered the Al- 
bany Law School, at Albany, New York. When he had 
completed the prescribed course, he was admitted to prac- 
tice in the New York courts; but before commencing 
practice he returned to Maine and was admitted to the 
Penobscot Bar. In June, 1866, he went into practice in 
Oldtown, and there continued until January, 1881. At 
that time a copartnership was formed between him and 
ex-Governor Daniel F. Davis, in Bangor, where they have 
since been in practice. 

Mr. Bailey has been appointed to the office of Agent 
of the Penobscot Indians, a position of greater responsi- 
bility than emolument ; but the duties are faithfully at- 
tended to, and will be while they are in his hands. Mr 
Bailey is a lawyer devoted to his profession and destined 
to a high position, for he has a legal mind and believes in 
work. He received the degree of Bachelor of Laws (LL. 
29 



D.), from the University of Albany, in 1866; and that 
of Master of Arts (A. M.), from Bates College, in 1869. 

JOHN A. BLANCHARD 

was born in Damari.;cotta, November 25, 1831. He was 
graduated at Waterville College in 1850, and was ad- 
mitted to the Penobscot county Bar at the January term 
of the Supreme Judicial Court in 1855. He established 
himself in Oldtown, and became a copartner with George 
P. Sewall in 1865. The name adopted by the firm was 
Sewall & Blanchard. Mr. Blanchard received the ap- 
pointment of United States Assessor in 1862, and con- 
tined in the office until i86g. A faithful and reliable 
lawyer. 

T. F. m'kadden, 

a native of Winslow and graduate of Colby University, 
opened an office in Orono in 1868. In 1869 he married 
Phebe W., youngest daughter of the late J. Colburn. He 
left Orono in 1S70, and is now a resident of Vermont. 

GENERAL JOHN K. APPLETON, 

the oldest son of Chief Justice Appleton, was born in 
Bangor, August 29, 1838. He fitted for college in the 
Bangor High School, and graduated at Bowdoin College 
in the class of 1S60. He was qualifying himself for the 
practice of law in the office of James T. Rowe, Esq., in 
Bangor, when the War of the Rebellion broke out. Be- 
lieving it his duty to take part in it, he raised a company 
for the Twcll'th Maine Regiment, and went with it, under 
General Butler, to the Department of the Gulf. He was in 
the 1-alburche expedition up the Teche, and through the 
Red River country with General Banks, until he joined 
General Augur and Port Hudson was invested. He 
manilested signal bravery during the investment of Port 
Hudson, exposing himself, when necessary, in places of 
the greatest physical danger, and winning universal ad- 
miration from friend and foe. 

A brother officer wrote this of (General Appleton's 
bravery at Port Hudson : 

On tlie 2ylh of May, while our soldiers were struggling througli the 
thorns and underbrush, cut down by Rebel bullets at every step, a small 
fletdchment of men reached the ditch in front of the Rebel works, and 
there a few brave men. the remnant of a brigade, exhausted, stopped. 
But Captain .-Xppleton alone, among ten thousand men who fought that 
day, mounted the Rebel parapet and stood there facing the whole Rebel 
army, a mark for a thousand rifles ; stood there powerless, except to 
die. The following evening, while talking the affair over, he told me 
that at the time of his greatest danger, this passage occurred to him 
with great force, and he found strength in dwelling upon it: "Not a 
sparrow falls to the ground without the knowledge of our Heavenly 
Father; and ye are of more value than many sparrows." .-^ Confed- 
erate ofticer told me, after the surrender, that as he saw that young man 
standing there so calm and brave, he could not bear to see him die, 
and he told his men not to fire upon him. 

But his moral courage was greater when he took com- 
mand of a colored regiment, against the remonstrances 
of his associates, and notwithstanding the social ostracism 
to which he knew it would subject him. He well per- 
formed his duties until the close of his servic, and re- 
turned to his friends with an enviable reputation. After his 
return he established himself in the practice of the profes- 
sion and in 1869 was appointed and confirmed by the 
United States Senate as District Judge forthe Eastern Dis- 
trict of Texas. It was a severe trial to him to decline the 



226 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



appointment, which he was obliged to do, because of de- 
chning health. He died of consumption at the resi- i 
dence of his father in Bangor, August 12, 1874. 

A committee of the Penobscot Bar, consisting of i 
Charles P. Stetson, Charles Hamlin, Henry C. Good- 
enow, John F. Godfrey, and Franklin A. Wilson, report- 
ed resolutions to the effect that the members of the 
Bar had heard with deep sorrow of the death of their 
brother, General John F. Appleton; that his generous 
disposition, his high sense of honor, his integrity, his 
high-toned character, and his fine intellect commanded 
their esteem and respect, and gave promise of a brilliant 
and useful career as a citizen and a lawyer; that they 
felt great pride in his military record in the late civil 
war; and the courage and ability there displayed by him 
did honor to his State and great service to his country. 

The resolutions were unanimously adopted, and were 
presented to the Court by Charles P. Stetson, Esq , with 
appropriate remarks; and eulogistic addresses were made 
by Messrs. Charles Hamlin, John F. Godfrey, Edmund 
VV. Flagg, and Franklin .-\. Wilson, judge Kent, who 
presided, responded in fitting terms, ordered the resolu- 
tions spread on the records of the court, and, in respect 
of the memory of the deceased brother, that the court 
be adjourned. 

WILLIAM A. BLAKE, 

son of William A. Blake, was born in Bangor; fitted for 
college in the Bangor High School; graduated from Bow- 
doin College; read law with his uncle, Hon. Samuel H. 
Blake; was admitted to the Bar in 1875, and died in 
January, 1876. He was a fine scholar, and a young man 
of great promise. Mr. Paine, on presenting the resolu- 
tions of the Bar to the Court, spoke of him in highly 
eulogistic terms. The resolutions recognized "the re- 
moval of one eminently qualified for the business and 
duties of life, by his many manly virtues, his correct, in- 
dustrious habits, his genial qualities, his high mental 
culture, and especially by his character and attainments 
as a lawyer;" and that the Bar had "lost a member of 
whom they could feel justly proud, as giving promise of 
future eminence and usefulness in his profession." Chief 
Justice Appleton said: "Studious, scholarly, his col- 
legiate course was finished with the highest honors. He 
did not excel merely as a scholar in this allotted course 
of instruction, but he held rank as a writer of great 
promise. His published productions show him instinct 
with the spirit of poetry and that 

'He knew 
Himself to sing and build the lofty rhyme." 

" He had just completed the study of his profession. 
The same talent, the same industry and zeal in the future 
as in the past would have assured his professional suc- 
cess. When those who should succeed us go before us, 
it seems an invasion of the laws and the order of nature. 

'The hand of the reaper 

Takes the ears that are hoary: 
But the voice of the weeper 
Wails manhood in glury." " 

JOHN H. HILLIARD, 

born in Gorham, Maine, in 1808; graduated from Bow- 



duin College in 1827 ; read law with Hon. Josiah 
Pierce, of Gorham; first established himself in the pro- 
fession at Stillwater, Maine, afterwards, in 1834, went to 
Oldtown, where he resided until he died. He was a 
prominent citizen of Oldtown. At different times he 
held the offices of Town Clerk, Selectman, member of the 
Superintending School Committee, and re]iresented his 
town in the Legislature. He was also County .Attorney. 

Mr. Hilliard was a good lawyer, and performed the 
duties of the offices to which he was elected ably and 
creditably. For seven years before his decease he was 
confined to his house by ill-health. He died November 
26, 1880. In a resolution of the Bar, passed after his 
decease, it is affirmed that he was "a vvoithy member, a 
scholarly and cultivated gentleman, justly esteemed as 
honorable in his practices, faithful to his clients, true to 
his conviction of duty; of modest, kind, and social dis- 
position, and of honest and upright life; that his inter- 
course with us as a member of the Bar for more than 
forty years won for him the friendship and respect of 
all." 

Judge Hum|jhrev presented this resolution to the 
court, accompanied by eulogistic remarks. Chief Justice 
Appleton responded. In the course of his remarks he 
said : 

The duties of the important office of County .Attorney he discharged 
with scrupulous fidelity to the people, and with no undue zeal against 
the accused, anxious only that impartial justice should be done. 

Death found him prepared and resigned. An honest man, 
a learned and able lawyer, one beloved and respected by the commun- 
ity where he so long resided; one pure and upright in all the relations 
of life. 

JOSHUA HILL. 

Mr. Hill practiced for many years in Hampden, and 
commanded a large business. He died in i860. The 
Bar took notice of his death, and adopted the following 
with other resolutions: 

RfsolvcJ, That in the death of our brother. Joshua H)ll, the Penob- 
scot Bar has lost a worthy member, a gentleman justly esteemed as 
honorable in the profession, faithful tohisclients, modest and unassuming, 
of even temper and social disposition, honest and upright in his life; 
his long intercourse of more than twenty years with the members of 
this Barjustty won for him many warm fri-^nds and the good-will of all. 

FRANCIS EUGENE BOND, 

son of Thomas Bond, of Hallowell, Maine, and Lucretia 
F. (Page) Bond, was born in Hallowell, February 7, 
1808; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1828; practiced 
law in Darien, Georgia, for a time after his admission to 
the Bar; afterward came to Bangor, where he practiced 
several years. He died September 5, 1846. He pos- 
sessed the estimable characteristics of his father, who 
was a distinguished member of the Kennebec Bar, and 
died in 1827. The Penobscot Bar took action on 
the death of the son. The resolutions were drawn by 
gentlemen who knew him well, and do not exaggerate 
his qualities. They say that he "had secured the esteem 
of all his associates at the Bar by his high sense of honor, 
manifested alike in his professional ])ractice and his in- 
tercourse with society ; by the amiability and frankness 
which shone in his countenance and characterized his 
manners and his actions; by the perfect guilelessness of 
his heart and the remarkable uprightness and integrity of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



227 



his life ; and had entitled himself no less to their respect 
by the soundness of his judgment, his acquirements as a 
counselor, his capacity as a practitioner, and the able 
and satisfactory manner in which his good, sense, his in- 
dustrious habits, and his great conscientiousness enabled 
him to fulfil tlie duties of an arduous profession." 

COLONEL JASPER HUTCHINGS, 

son of Josiah W. and Phebe Hutchings, was born in the 
town of Penobscot, Hancock county, Maine, in 1835; 
lived there until thirteen years of age, then removed with 
his father's family to Brewer, in Penobscot county, where 
he now resides, and has resided most of the time since; 
was educated in the town and (Private schools in Brewer, 
and at \\'illiains College, Massachusetts; taught school 
some in his school and college days; read law with A. San- 
born, Esq., of Bangor, and was admitted to practice in the 
courts of this State in 1861 ; practiced about one year in 
Aroostook county, then in the fall of 1862 was mustered 
into the military service of the United States as First 
Lieutenant Company C, Twenty-second Regiment Maine 
Volunteers, a nine months' regiment. He served with 
this regiment through the siege of Port Hudson, and un- 
til its term of service was about expiring, when he organ- 
ized and for several months commanded, with the rank 
of Major, the Eighty-third United States Colored Infan- 
try. He was afterwards commissioned Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel of the Seventy-fourth United States Colored Infantry, 
and as such was mustered out of service in Louisiana in 
January, 1S66. 

In the summer of 1S66 he married Kate S. Burr, of 
Brewer, daughter of the late Joseph B. Burr, and the 
same year began and has since continued the practice of 
the law in Bangor. He has twice served as a Represent- 
ative in the Legislature from the class of Brewer and Or- 
rington, and six years, from 1874 to 1880, as County At- 
torney for Penobscot county. Colonel Hutchings was a 
very able and acceptable County .\ttorney. He pre- 
pared his cases well, and was successful with them. He 
failed to be re-elected because his party fell into the mi- 
nority. He is a gentlemen of integrity, an impressive 
speaker, possesses clear perceptive faculties and good 
judgment. He is highly esteemed as a lawyer and as a 
man. 

H0R.\CE B. CH.\MBERL.\IN, 

son of Joshua Chamberlain, and brother of ex-Covernor 
Chamberlain, was born in Brewer, Maine, in 1834; grad- 
uated at Bowdoin College in 1S57; qualified himself for 
the profession; was admitted to the Bar in Bangor, and 
died in 1861 at the age of twenty-seven. The Bar testi- 
fied to his "honest and generous" qualities; that he was 
"honorable in his practice, jealous for the rights of his 
clients, and a safe counselor — one whose mental capacity 
and scholarly attainments gave warrant of a life of honor 
and usefulness." 

Chief Justice .\ppleton said; "Our departed friend 
entered upon his professional career with the vantage 
ground which firmness of principle, integrity of purpose, 
and a cultivated intellect always give. The allurements 
of life were before him. Its prizes were within his grasp. 



The morning promise was fair; but ere he had measured 
his strength — almost, indeed, as soon as he had entered 
the arena — the seeds of disease were found working in 
his veins and undermining the vigor and strength needed 
for the contests of a manly ambition. But death is the 
condition of life. They are ever in fearful and terrible 
contact. 

'yasccntes morimur Jinisquc ab origine pcndct.'" 
GEORGE \V. WHIT.NEY 

was born in Pittsfield, Maine, in 1S26; attended the 
academy at Waterville, where he prepated himself for the 
study of the law; read law with Hon. D. D. Stewart, at 
St. Albans, Somerset county, and was admitted to the 
B.ir in 1854. Mr. Whitney shortly afterward established 
himself at Newport, in this county, where he acquired a 
res]3ectable business. He was a good and reliable law- 
yer, and a gentleman. The Bar adopted resolutions of 
respect, and caused it to be recorded of him that he was 
"justly esteemed as a citizen, honorable and capable in 
his practice, faithful to his clients, honest and upright in 
j his life, and social in his disposition," and that he had 
"won many warm friends and the high esteem of all." 

J.\MES .K. DONIG.\N. 

Mr. Donigan has been in practice since 1872. He was 
born March 15, 1848; is the son of Thomas Donigan, of 
Oldtown, and second of a family of seven children — four 
sons and three daughters. Having a desire for know- 
ledge, he attended all the graded schools in Oldtown. 
Like many .Americans born in poverty and ambitious of 
advancement, he worked and studied and worked. .At 
si.xteen he went to Lewiston, where he continued his 
practice of studying and working for three years. In 
1867 he attended Hampden Academy, and in 1868 and 
1869 the Bucksport Seminary. He has had much prac- 
tice as a teacher, having taught about twenty terms of 
schook He studied law with Charles A. Bailey, Esq., 
in Oldtown, and was admitted to the Penobscot Bar at 
the April term, 1872, since which time he has practiced 
his profession in Bangor. Mr. Donigan has had much 
to contend against, but he has pluck and perseverance 
which will doubtless enable him to accomplish a great 
deal. He was married .\ugust 17, 1874, and has one 
child. 

JAMES H. BURGESS. 

Mr. Burgess was born in Oldtown, February 4, 1845. 
Soon after attaining his majority he moved to Lincoln, in 
this county, where he was engaged in trade until the 
summer of 1868. In the autumn of that year he was 
employed as Clerk of the Superintendent of Construction 
of the Custom House building, in Bangor, and continued 
as such until April, 1870, when he was appointed to a 
clerkship in the Pension Office at Washington. This 
office he retained until .\ugust, 1870, for the purpose of 
qualifying himself as a lawyer. He entered the office of 
William P. Young, in Milo, and applied himself with 
such diligence that he was deemed qualified for and was 
admitted to the Bar at the September term of the Supreme 
Judicial Court, 187 i, in Dover, Piscataquis county. In 
October, 187 1, he commenced practice at Winn, in this 



228 



HISI'ORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



county, and continued in business there until January, j 
1877, when he removed to Bang-or and entered upon the 
duties of Clerk of the Courts, to which he had been ' 
elected the September previous. He continued in this 
office until January, 1880, when his term expired. He 
had been renominated by the Republican party, but was 
defeated by the candidate of the Fusion party. In Feb- 
ruary, 1880, he renewed the practice of his profession in 
Corinna. 

In 1872 Mr. Burgess was elected Town Clerk of Winn, 
and was re-elected the four following years. In 1874 he 
was elected Selectman, and was re-elected in 1875 '^"d 
1876. He also held the office of Superintending School 
Committee of Winn for three years. 

In June, 1880, he was enumerator of the census for 
Corinna. 

Mr. Burgess is a faithful and reliable attorney, and 
has pe'-furmed the duties of the trusts committed to him 
intelligently and satisfactorily. 

ABRAHAM SANBORN 

was born in London, New Hampshire ; fitted for college 
at the Bangor Academy; graduated at Waterville College 
with the highest honors; read law with Jacob McGaw, 
in Bangor; after admission to the Bar established him- 
self in that part of Levant which is now Kenduskeag ; 
in about 1840 removed to Bangor, where he has since 1 
remained. 

Mr. Sanborn is one of the leading members of the I 
Bar; a good lawyer; a fine advocate. He has had an 
extensive practice, especially in Penobscot and Piscata- 
quis counties. At one time in his life he was somewhat 
connected with politics; has been several times a mem- 
ber of the Legislature, but generally has devoted himself 
to the business of his profession. 

FRANKLIN A. WILSON, . 

son of ex-Sheriff John H. Wilson, was born in Bangor; 
prepared for college under David Worcester, Esq., Prin- 
cipal of the Bangor Boys' High School; graduated from 
Bowdoin College in 1854; read law with Albert W. 
Paine and John A. Peters; commenced practice in Ban- 
gor; was copartner with Mr. Peters for several years; is 
now in partnership with Charles F. Woodard, Esq.; has 
always done a large business; is a very able and popular 
lawyer and advocate; has been connected with the busi- 
ness of the city in various ways; has been connected with ' 
the Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad, and the European & 
North American Railway, of which he is a Director; and I 
is a leading lawyer at the Bar. ! 

JOSEPH C. WILSON, 

born in Orono, is a son of Nathaniel Wilson. He fitted 
for college at Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, and ' 
graduated at Bowdoin College in 1867. He read law 
with his father, and was admitted to the Bar in April, 
1871. May 23, 1876, he intermarried with Mary H., 
daughter of N. U. Colton, Esq., of Bangor. In 1879 ; 
he was appointed Trial Justice, and in 1878 Commis- 
sioner under the act for the enforcement of judgments. 



LEWIS C. STEARNS 

was born in Newry, Oxford county, Maine, in 1853; 
was educated at Gould's Academy, Bethel, and Colby 
University; he was of the class of 1876, but did not 
complete the course. Mr. Stearns was admitted to the 
Penobscot Bar, February 29, 1876, and soon after estab- 
lished himself in the profession in Springfield, Maine, 
where he has acquired the confidence of the people, as 
he deserves. He is now Public Administrator of the 
county of Penobscot. 



CHAPTER XVIL 

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY. 

BV E. F. DUREN, OK BANGOR. 

Introduction — Rev. Aaron C. .*\dams — Rev. George E. .'\dam5. D. D. 
— Rev. John C. .'Vdams— Hon. Elislia H. Allen— Rev. Joseph H. Al- 
len — Rev. Charles F. Allen, D. D. — Hon. John Appleton — Mrs. 
Jane S. Appleton — Rev. John M. Ashmun — .Anna Boynton Averill — 
Mrs. Laura J. Ballard — Dr. ]. Frederick Babcock — Benjamin F. Baker 
—Rev. Smith Baker— Rev. William M. Barbour, D. D— David Bar- 
ker — Miss Evvie Barker — Mrs. Martha Hill Barker— Hon. Noah 
Barker — Mrs. C. C. Barrett — Rev. AlvanJ. Bates — Rev. .Amory Bat- 
tles— Mrs. P. -A. Battles— Hon. Samuel H. Blake— Rev. Alv.in Bond, 
D. D.— Dr. S. P. Bradbury— Rev. Edwin Buck — Rev. Nathaniel 
Butler— Rev. Samuel L. Caldwell, D. D.— Rev. Elhridge G. Carpen- 
ter — Mrs. Matilda P. Carter — ^John Chamberlain — General Joshua L. 
Chamberlain, LL. D. — Peleg W. Chandler— Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin 
— Mrs. Jane D. Chaplin — Bev. Leander S. Coan — Rev. Nathaniel E. 
Cornsvall- Mrs. Eliza L. Crosby — Rev. Ephraim C. Cummings — 
Rev. Thomas Curtis, D. D, — Hon. Jonas Cutting— Frederick S. 
Davenport — Sarah Maria Deaae — Rev. Nathan Dole — Rev. Charles 
F. Dole— Nathan Haskell Dole — Rev. Ebenezer Douglass — .Anna F. 
Drinkwater— Elnathan F. Duren — Rev. Thomas L. Ellis— Mrs. De- 
borah Brown Emery — Rev. Charles C. Everett — Rev. Solomon P. 
Fay— M. C. Fernald, Ph. D.— Charles H. Fernald, A. M.— Edward 
M. Field, M. D.— Rev. George W. Field, D. D.— Rev. John O. 
Fiske, D. D.— Rev. Frederick Freeman — Melville W. Fuller— 
Cluirles Gilman— Rev. Edward W. Gilman, D. D.— Hon. John E. 
Godfrey — Ephraim Goodale — Samuel L. Goodale — Mrs. Hannah E." 
Goodwin — Dr. Augustus C. Hamlin — Rev, Cyrus L. Hamlin, D. D., 
LL. D. — Hon. ElijahL. Hamlin — Hon. Hannibal Hamlin— N. Spar- 
hawk Harlow — Thom.is S. Harlow — Rev. Samuel Harris, D. D., 
LL. D.— Elizabeth P. Hatch— Hon. Joshua W._ Hatiiaway— Rev. 
Francis T. Hazlesvood — Rev. Frederick H. Hedge, D. D. — Rev. 
John R. Herrick, D. D.— John B. Hill— General John L. Hodsdon 
—Blanche Willis Howard— "Q. P. Index"— Mrs. Henrietta C. In- 
gersoll — Rev. Edwiu Johnson — George Kent — Hon. Edward Kent — 
Rev. .Arthur M. Knapp— Joseph Lamson— Herbert S. Lancey^Rev. 
Edwin Leonard — George Leonard, Jr. — Rev. Henry C. Leonard — Rev. 
Wales Lewis— Rev. George S. Little— Mrs. Sophia B. Littlefield— Rev. 
Harvey Loomis — Rev. Joseph C. Lovejoy — Saiahjane Luce — Mrs. 
Frances Laughton Mace— Rev. JohnMaltby — Rev. Daniel H. Mans- 
field — Mrs. Sarah Hayford Marden — Rev. Javan K. Mason, D. D.— 
Rev. William Mason— Marion Mitchell— Rev. Samuel H. Merrill- 
Rev. Joseph R. Munsell— Edward B. Nealley— Christopher C. Nor- 
cross— David Norton— Rev. M. C. O'Brien— Albert W. Paine— Rev. 
Levi L. Paine, D. D.— Selma W. Paine— Rev. Robert Page— Rev. 
Wooster Parker — Rev. Cyril Pearl— Jeremiah Perley— Adeliza Perry 
—Hon. John A. Peters— Mrs. Rebecca E. Pierce — Mrs. Benjamin 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



229 



riummer — Rev. Swann L. Pomroy, D. D. — Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D. — 
Henry V. Poor — ^John A. Poor — Laura E. Poor — Colonel Thomas 
W. Porter — Spencer .\. Pratt — Mrs. Rebecca P. Reed — Thomas H. 
Rieh — Charles P. Roberts — Rev. Charles J. H. Ropes — Mrs. Hannah 
A. Ropes — Mrs. Henrietta Gould Rowe — Rev. Lyman S. Rowland — 
Rev. William T. Savage, D. D,— Mrs. E. W. Sawtelle— John S, 
Savward — Mrs. Sarah Emery Seaman — Rev. John S. Sewall, D. D. — 
Rev. Frederick E. Shaw — Mrs. Sarah E. Shaw — Rev. George Shep- 
ard, D. D. — Rev. A. K. P. Small, D. D.— Rev. John Smith, D. D.— 
Rev. John Cotton Smith, D. D. — Rev. Joseph Smith — Rev. Newman 
Sinyth, D. D. — Rev. Benjamin G. Snow — George W. Snow — Miss 
Etta H. Stanwood — Rev. Lewis F. .Stearns, D. D. — Rev. Samuel J. 
Stewart — Rev. Daniel .S. Talcott, D. D. — Rev. Benjamin Tappan, 
D. D.— Rev. Dr. Benjamin F. Tefft — Pev. B. B. Thatcher— Rev. 
Richard B. Thurston— Rev. Mark Trafton, D. D.— Elliot Val- 
entine — Mrs. Lucy F. Wakefield — Hon. Isr.iel Washburn, Jr. — 
Mrs. Mary Moulton Webster — Rev. Crosby H. Wheeler — .\lbert C. 
Wiggin — Edward Wiggin — Smith Williams — Rev. Thomas Williams 
— Mrs. Laura Hatch Wilkins — Hon. William D. Williamson — Rev. 
Adam Wilson, D. D. — .Am.anda M. Wilson — Rev. Abijah Wines — 
Mrs. Sarah F. Woodhull — Rev. Dr. Leonard Woods— Mrs. Susan A. 
Wheeler— Joseph B. Whipple. 

INTRODUCTION. 

Reference is made in the following summary of the 
literauire of this county, to all those who have written or 
compiled books or pamphlets, or have contributed to 
mag.nzines or newspapers, and in general, the titles of 
their productions are given. 

The absence of some names will be noted. They are 
among those who made request that they should not be 
repnrtcd. Some have kept no list of tlieir writings, and 
cannot recall the titles. One, a poet of no mean powers, 
writes: "Whatever I have written has been traced on 
the sand left by the outgoing tide; the incoming tide 
has, of course, effiiced it all." In some cases the full 
list could not be obtained from the author or any other 
source. All that could be gathered by diligent inquiry 
an! correspondence, is here presented. 

The names of editors are generally found in connection 
with the History of the Newspaper Press in this county, 
in another chajjter of the General History. 

AUTHORS AND THEIR WOKRS. 

Adams, Rev. Aaron C, Bangor (Pastor Congregational 
Church, Auburn, Maine, Wethtrsfield & Thompson, Con- 
necticut). Our Country; Portland, 1S42. . . .The Meth- 
od of the Adversary; Norwich, Connecticut, 1852. , . . ' 
Our Hope ; Eewiston, 1S60. . . . A|)pcal for Bangor Sem- 
inary ; Bangor, 1865.... In Memoriam of Rev. David 
Thurston, D. D., Winthrop, 24 |)p.; Portland, 1865; new 
edition, 1S67 .... Historic Sketcli of tiie First Church of 
Christ, in Wethersfield, Connecticut; Hartford, 1876. 

Adams, D. D., Rev. Gkorge E., Bangor (Professor Ban- 
gor Theological Seminary, 1827-9; Pastor Congregational 
Church, Brunswick, 1829-70). Sermon before the Maine 
Missionary Society, in Machias: Jehovah's Method and 
Purpose of S.ilvation, 14 pp.; Portland, 1841 .... I'yulogy 
on Joseph .McKeen, Treasurer of Bowdoin College, 
12 pp ; Brunswick, 1S65 . . . .Sermon in Memory of Mrs. 
EUingwood, widow of Rev. John \V. Elling.vood, Bath. 
A near friend of Dr. Adams (Rev. Ray Palmer, D. D., 
of New York,) says "he had not published much, though 
he might well have done so, fur he had ample ability and 
scholarship. But he was over-modest, and seemed 



always to shrink from attempting any such thing. I re- 
member a jeu d'esprif, Our F'ore-mothers, published 
probably in the Mirror, at Portland ; a piece rich in his 
peculiar humor." 

Adams, Rev. John C, Bangor (Congregational 
Church, Falmouth, from 1859). Sermon before the 
Maine Missionary Society, Portland: The Supply and 
Material of Ministers, 19 pp.; Portland, 1865 .... Letter 
to Bangor's Centennial, 1869. 

Allen, Hon. Elisha H., Bangor. Addresses and 
Orations; also jjublished speeches delivered in the 
Maine House of Representatives, 183S, etc., and in the 
United States House of Representatives as member of 
Congress, 1841-43; and subsequently decisions as Chan- 
cellor of the Sandwich Islands. 

Allen, Rev. Joseph H. (Pastor Unitarian Church, 
Bangor, 1850-57). Previous to 1850, something over 
fifty larger or smaller articles, — also, i. A Farewell Ser- 
mon: The Account Rendered ; Roxbury, 1847 .... 2. The 
Public Man: Death of Hon. John Fairfield, of Maine. 
Washington, District of Columbia, 1847.... 3. The 
Statesman and the Man: John Quincy Adams, 23 pp.; 
Washington, 1848.... 4. Memoir of Hiram Withington; 
Boston, 1 849.... 5. Ten Discourses on Orthodoxy; 
Boston, 1849 ... .Then, i. The Great Controversy of 
States and People; Bangor, 185 1.... 2. A Manual of 
Devotion for Families and Sunday-schools; Boston, 
1852... 3. A Reign of Terror, 16 pp.; Bangor, 1856 
... .4. Proof of my Ministry, 15 pp.; Bangor, 1857; and 
about fifty review articles and newspaper communications, 
including three or four Sermons and Lectures. . . .Since 
1857, some hundreds of articles in reviews and news- 
papers, — chiefly the Christian Examiner, of which he 
was associate or chief editor lor twelve years; and the 
following: i. Hebrew Men and Times, 121110., 435 pp.; 
Boston, 1861; new edition with introduction, 1879.... 
2. General Vocabulary of Latin Grammar, 1869..,. 3, 
Latin Primer, 1870.... 4, New Latin Method, 1875 
....5. Fragments of Christian History, 1880.... 6. 
Three Phases of Modern Theology, 1880. .. .Senior 
editor of- the Allen Series of Latin Text Books: i.- 
Manual of Grammar, 1868; 2. Lessons, 1869; 3. Reader, 
1S69; 4. Composition (revised edition), 1880. Also, of 
the Allen and Greenough Latin Series : i. Grammar, 1872 ; 
revised edition, 1877; -■ Cicero; 3. Caesar; 4. Virgil; 
5. Ovid; 6. Sallust (Catiline); 7. Cicero de Senectute 
(Selections, 2-7. Course I. and Course II. are combined 
from these); 8. Latin Method; 9. Latin Composition. 
Senior editor of Goodwin's Greek Reader, first edition, 
1870. 

Allen, D. D., Rev. Ch.\rles F. (Pastor First Meth- 
odist church, Bangor, 1870-72; President of the Maine 
State College, Orono, 1871-79). -^ Sermon before the 
United Societies of Skowhegan, on the National Fast, 
September 26, 1861 .... Baccalaureate Sermons at the 
Commencements of the Maine State College, 1872-78 
.... Agricultural Addresses before the Board of Agricul- 
ture of Maine, jjublished in the Reports of the Board, 
Augusta. .. .Address on the Aims and Methods of the 
Maine State College; Paris, 1872.... On Science in 



230 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Agriculture; Houlton, 1S73 .... Agricultural Education; 
Calais, 1875 . . . .Education of Farmers and Mechanics; 
Alfred, 1877, . . .How to Retain the Fertility of Virgin 
Soils; Presque Isle, 1878 .... Address before the New 
Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 
1879 .... Industrial Education, 8vo., 24 pp. ... History 
of Somerset County, twenty-five numbers, published in 
the Fairfield Journal, 1879-80. 

Appleton, Hon. John (Bangor). Reports of Decis- 
ions in the Sujjreme Judicial Court of Maine, vols. 19 
and 20; Hallowell, 1842-43. . . .The Rules of Evidence 
Stated and Discussed, 284 pp., 8vo.; Pliiladelphia, i860 
. . . .Opinions as Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court 
of Maine, 1852-62, and Chief Justice from 1862 to the 
present time, in volumes 35 to 70 of the Maine Re- 
ports, 1854-80. 

Appleton, Mrs. J.ane S. (Bangor). Occasional articles 
for periodicals; among these, "The Present Aim of 
Female Education," in a magazine edited by Mrs. S. J. 
Hale; Boston, 1835.... "My Aunt Catherine," and 
other articles in a magazine; Portland, 1835-40.... 
Woman, is it by Thee. The Macedonian ; Ladies on the 
Poetry of Life; Lenore, Sequel to Vision of Bangor; 
Child's Spring Song; The Veiled Dancer, 52 pp., in 
"Voices of the Kenduskeag," 286 pp., of which Mrs. 
Appleton was one of tlie editors; Bangor, 1S48. . . .Oc- 
casional poems; among them, "On Hungary," 1852, at 
the time of Kossuth's visit to this country .... "Ho ! 
for Kansas," in 1856, duiing the Kansas troubles, and 
the Eastern emigration thither...." Welcome to the 
Second Maine," 1865, on its return from the wa-. 

AsHMUN, Rev. Jehudi (Professor in Theological 
Seminary, 1817-19). History of Liberia Colony, 42 pp.; 
Washington, 1846. . . .Letters and Journal while he was 
connected with that colony; Importance of Missionary 
Efforts in Al'rica; Devotion and Prayer; Divine Provi- 
dence; Social Aflections; Religious Principles; Notes on 
Africa; Colonial Notices; Sketches of Character; — 
143 pp., appended to his Memoir, by Rev. R. R. Gurley, j 
and Funeral Sermon by Rev. Leonard Bacon, 556 pp., j 
Svo. ; Washington, 1835. 

AvERiLL, Ann.\ Bovnton (/Mton). Little poems 
were published in the Portland Transcript, about 1871. 
Short poems, juvenile sketches, and stories have since 
been written. The poem Birch Stream Whittier gathered 
into his Songs of Three Centuries, Longfellow into his 
Poems of Places (New England), and the Aij^iletons, 
New York, into a volume which they published under 
the title of Landscape in American Poetry. Scribner 
& Co. published the poem Cherry Cheek in a volume of 
selections from St. Nicholas, named Baby Days, In 
1872 the Atlantic Monthly published two jjoems in the 
June and July numbers, called respectively Why, and 
Youth and Age. Poems and sketches have appeared in 
the Independent, the Golden Rule, St. Nicholas," Wide 
Awake, Youth's Companion, and Young Folks. What 
has been written was in the intervals of work of quite 
another kind, as rest and recreation. 

B.ALL.\RD, Mrs. L.-vuRA J.\NE CuRTLs (Bangor). Two 
volumes — Nowadays, 309 pp.; New York and Bangor, 



1834 Christine, or Woman's Trials and Triumphs, 

350 pp.; New York, 1856 Editor of the Revolution, 

or the Woman's Journal, prior to 1861, when it was dis- 
continued. . . .In 1868-69 letters from Europe were pub- 
lished in the New York Journal of Commerce. 

B.\BCOCK, Dr. J. Frederick (Bangor). Floret, or 
the Poor Giil: A Drama, 62 pp.; Bangor, 1S74. 

Baker, Benjamin F. (Bangor; removed to Boston). 
Choral Harmony, a Church Music Book. . . .\ work on 
the Voice, a School Tune Book, and other musical 
works. 

Baker, Rev. Smith (Pastor Congregational Church, 
[ Orono, 1864-71, now of Lowell, Massachusetts). Ad- 
dress at Semi centennial of the First Church, Lowell, 
Massachusetts, 72 pp.; 1876. . . .Christ in the House, 17 
! pp.; Lowell, 1878.... On the Lord's Supper, 17 pp.; 
I Lowell, 18S0. . . .Articles to religious papers. 

Barbour, D. D., Rev. William M., (Professor in 
Bangor Theological Seminary, 1873-77). Methods of 
Providence: A sermon before the Massachusetts Educa- 
tion Society, 12 pp.; Boston, May, 1868 ... .Sermon 
before the Maine Missionary Society, New Castle: Christ 
a Preacher, 10 pp.; Bangor, 1874.... The Unfailing 
Virtue: A sermon before the .American Missionary Asso- 
ciation, Middletown, Connecticut, 8 vo, 12 pp. ; New York, 
1875 . ■ ■ -Articles in magazines and journals. 

Barker, David (Exeter). In Native Poets of Maine; 
Bangor, 1851, introductory poem Try Again, Solace for 
Dark Hours, Make Your Mark . . . . Polmiis, i2mo., 232 
; pp.; Bangor, 1876. . . . Harper's Cyclopedia of British and 
American Poetry, edited by Epes Sargent, has a bio- 
graphical notice with several columns of his poems. . . . 
History of E.xeter, in manuscri]jt. 

Barker, Miss Evvie, a daughter of Hon. Lewis 
Barker, Bangor, was a writer of verse and prose, well 
known in American literary circles, and a quite extensive 
contributor to the first class magazines and papers. Two 
of her poetical productions were very general favorites: 
Do the Angels Kiss Good-night? and Angel Whispers. 
She died in 1871, at too early an age for the world to 
know and appreciate her extraordinary abilities as a 
writer. 

Barker, Mrs. Martha Hill (Bangor). Sketches in 
Voices of the Kenduskeag, Bangor, 1848. The Countess 
of Croye, The Bright Bird Sings, Song, The Flight, The 

Human Heart; 16 pp Other fugitive pieces for the 

Boston and New York press. 

Barker, Noah, (Exeter Mills). Reports as Land 
Agent of Maine, 1857-59, and Commissioner to investi- 
gate the claims of settlers on lands in Aroostook county 
.... Report of the Commissioner on the Variation of the 
Magnetic Needle, 83 pp.; Augusta, 1S6S .... Letter to 
Bangor's Centennial, 1869. . . .A History of Exeter, com- 
menced by David Barker, in manuscript and inserted in 
this volume, post 

Barrett, Mrs. C. C. (Bangor). Associate editor of 
Voices of the Kenduskeag, 286 pp.; Bangor, 1848; 
author of the following articles in the volume: Asa 
Glover, Esq., 18 pp.; First Impressions, 13 pp.; The 
Resolve, 28 pp.; in magazines: Speculation, Louisburg. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



23» 



and other articles in Mrs. Stephens's Monthly, Portland, 
and in Maine Monthly, Bangor, also contributions to 
newspapers. 

B.ATES, Rev. Alv.\n (Congregational minister to Lin- 
coln, 1847-65). The First and Great Commandment; 
i860. . . .In Menioriam of Solon ^Vilder, Music Teacher, 
Bangor, 30 pp., royal 8vo.; Boston, 1874. ... A Com- 
plete Manhood: In Memory of Dea. Washington White, 
Saundersville, Mass., 1877. 

B.\TTLES, Rev. Amorv, pastor of the Universalist 
Church, Bangor, 1851-72). Sermons in Gospel Banner, 
New Covenant, Christian Freeman, Bangor \\'hig, and 
Dexter Gazette, viz.: The Pulpit .... False Reverence 
for Human Authority .... The Object of Punishment .... 
"Whom do Men Say that I, the Son of Man, Am?". . . . 
Also, in other forms. The City that Hath Foundations 
. . . .Immortality. . . .Thfe Moral Connection between 
This Life and the NeNt....A Convention Seinion: 
The Open Gates. . . .Sermon to the Young on Habits, 
and another on Companions ... .Three Sermons on 
Home. . . ."Silver and Gold Have I none, but such as 
I Have, Give I Thee," or, W'e Gis ; What We Have. . . . 
Your Heart Shall Live Forever: A funeral sermon 
in memory of Mrs. Jane A. Hersey .... Two sermons: It 
is Strange, and If. . ..A lecture: John Brown and his 
Executioners; in Bangor Jeffersonian, December, 1859 . . . . 
Who will be Honored by Emancipation? L'niversalist 
Quarterly, 1862 . . . -A Year of War, Its Gains and Losses; 
May, 1862 . . . .Christ, the Way, the Truth, and the Lite; 
a sermon at the dedication of the Universalist Church; 
Bangor, 1862.... Some Account of the Workings of 
Slavery in the United States; Lfniversalist Quarterly. 
1865 . . . .Theology and the War; July, 1865 . . . Address 
on Memorial Day; in Whig and Courier, Bangor, 1873 
.... A Sunday school Report. 

Battles, Mrs. P. A. (Bangor). Poems in various 
magazines and papers ... .Song of the Spring ; George 
Peabody, Dedicatory, 1869; Hoping and Waiting, 1870; 
May Day, 1872; Adaline, 1873; Mother's Thought on 
Christmas Eve, 1877; To the New Year, Heliotrope, 
November Days, To J. G. ^Vhittier, John \\'ilson Barron: 
Two Sonnets, 1878. 

Blake. Hon. Samuel H. (Bangor). Orations and 
addresses, and contributions to magazines. 

Bond, D. D., Rev. Alvan (Norwich, Connecticut; pro- 
fessor in Bangor Theological Seminary, 1831-35). The 
Memory of the Fathers, 20 pp.; Norwich, Connecticut, 
1843.. •■!" Memory of Mrs. Mehitable Bond, 18 pp.; 
Norwich, 1844. . . . In Memory of Russell Hubbard, 44 
pp.; Boston, 1857 .... Historical Discourse at Centennial 
of Second Church, Norwich, Connecticut, 64 pp.; 1S60 
...In Memory of Hon. John A. Rockwell, 38 pp.; 
Norwich, 1861 .... Editor of Biblical works and con- 
tributor to magazines. 

Bradbury, M. D., S. P. (Oldtown). Editor of the 
Oldtown Monthly, 1875. 

Buck, Rev. Edwin (Bangor, now of Fall River, Mas- 
sachusetts). Historical Discourse at the Semi-centen- 
nial of the Congregational Church, Slaterville, Rhode 
Island .... Funeral Sermon of Ruth Slater .... Portraits 



of Father Jotham Sewall, of Maine, and others, 48 pp.; 
Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 1867. 

Butler, Rev. Nathaniel (Hallowell). Funeral Ser- 
mon, General Berry, 20 pp., Portland, 1S63; and con- 
tributor to magazines and papers. 

Caldwell, D. I)., Rev. Samuel L. (Pastor First Bap- 
tist Church, Bangor, 1846-58). Address to the Calfor- 
nia Pilgrims; Bangor, Maine, 1849. . . . A Sermon before 
the Second Rhode Island Regiment of \'olunteers, in 
the First Baptist Meeting House, Providence, June, 1861 
. . . .Editor of vols. 3 and 4 of publications of the Nar- 
ragansett Club, containing Roger Williams's "The 
Bloudy Tenant," and "The Bloudy Tenant yet more 
Bloudy;" Providence, Rhode Island.... An Oration 
before the Municipal Authorities and Citizens of Provi- 
dence, July 4, 1861... The Missionary Resources of 
the Kingdom of Christ: A sermon at the fiftieth anni- 
versary of the American Baptist Missionary Union, held 
in Philadelphia, May, 1864.... A Sermon delivered 
ninety years after the dedication of the First Baptist 
Meeting House in Providence, Rhode Island, May 28, 
1865..... ^n Historical Discourse before the Warren 
Association, at the end of its first century, 19 pp.; Sep- 
tember, 1867. . . .A Memoir and Remains of Robinson 
P. Dunn, Professor in Brown University; Boston, 1867 
....A Sermon, Memorial of Mrs. Frances Rogers 
Arnold; Providence .... The Parting Benediction: A 
farewell sermon in I'lrst Baptist Meeting House, Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island, September, 1873.. ..Two Baptis- 
mal Sermons in the First Baptist Meeting House, Provi- 
dence: "On Baptism: The Answer of a Good Con- 
science," and "What Baptism Means". . . .Two Bacca- 
laureate Sermons before the graduating classes at Yassar 
College (of which he is now President), Poughkeepsie, 
New York, 1879, 1881 . . . .Several articles in reviews. 

Carpenter, Rev. ElbridgeG. (Pastor Congregational 
Church, Dexter, 1843-51). Tribute to a Sainted Wife; 
Bath, 1854. . . .Sermon before Maine Missionary Society, 
Augusta: Motives to Home Missionary Work, 17 pp.; 
Augusta, 1856. 

Carter, Mrs. Matilda Parker (Hampden and 
Bangor). Mrs. Carter published a little before 1832. 
She edited, from its first number in 1835, the Eastern 
Magazine, the first periodical of the kind issued in Maine, 
which was published by her husband, Mr. John S. 
Carter. For six months the greater part of the contribu- 
tions to this monthly were written by herself — stories, 
essays, poems, general editorial work. She also wrote 
for the Kennebec Journal, at Augusta, and the Bangor 
Register, printed by her husband. Shortly before her 
death in 1837, she received a letter from the then new 
Godey's Lady Book, asking her to become a regular 
contributor on her own terms. 

Chamberlain, John (first Town Clerk of Exeter and 
Chairman of the first three Boards of Selectmen, iSu- 
12-13). On Baptism: Reply to a Lecture by Rev. Enoch 
Mudge, a Methodist clergyman, in favor of "Infant 
Sprinkling," etc.; a pamphlet printed at Castine under 
he fwm de plume, "A Baptist in the Wilderness," 
"John" (Chamberlain) "the Baptist." 



232 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






Chamberlain, LL. D., General Joshua L. (Brewer, 
President Bowdoin College from 1871). The Red 
Cross: A presentation speech on behalf of the First 
Division, Fifth Corps, U. S. A., at Arlington, Virginia ; 
Washington, 1865 .... Loyalty to Piinciple: ■ An oration 
before the military orders of the Loyal Legion; Philadel- 
phia, 1866. . . .The Service of the Citizen at Home; Ad- 
dress at the fair for widows and orphans of soldiers ; Port- 
land, 1866... Dead on the Field of Honor: Address 
at the dedication of the soldiers' monmnent at Gorham, 
Maine; Portland, 1866.... The Orphans' Home, the 
Best Monument to the Father: Address at the founda- 
tion of the Military and Naval Orphan Asylum: Bath, 
1866. . . .Inaugural Address of the author as Governor 
of Maine ; Augusta, 1S67 . . . .Governor's Address to the 
Legislature of Maine; Augusta, 1868 .... Address be- 
fore the Maine State Agricultural Society, at Portland; 
Augusta, 1868. . . .Governor's .Address to the Legislature, 
1869. . . .The Army of the Potomac: Address before the 
Society of the Army of the Potomac ; New York City, 
1869. . . .To Live for Others is Immortality: .Address at 
the dedication of the Soldiers' Monument, Plymouth, 
Massachusetts; Boston, 1869. . . .Governor's .\ddress to 
the Legislature of Maine, 31 pp., 1S70 .... Memorial 
Address; Bangor, Mav, 1870. ... Response on receiv- 
ing in America, from the hands of England, the body 
of George Peabody; Portland, 1870. . . .Why \Ve Honor 
the Dead : A memorial address at Charlestown, Massa- 
chusetts, 1871 . . . .The Town in the History of Liberty : 
An address at the Centennial celebration of the town of 
Winthrop, Maine; Augusta, 1871 . . . .The Broader Col- 
lege : Inaugural address on induction into office as Presi- 
dent of Bowdoin College ; Portland, 1872. . . .The Col- 
leges in the Struggle for American Liberty ; A speech at 
the Lexington Centennial; Le.\ington, 1875 .... Maine, 
Her Place in History; An address at the United States 
Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, November 4, 1876; 
delivered also before the Legislature of Maine ; 132 pp.; 
Augusta, 1 876.... The Ri^jhts and Duties of Property : 
An address before the Portland Benevolent Society, De- 
cember 16; Portland .Vdvertiser for December 17, 1877 
.... Society and Societies : An oration before the General 
Convention of the Alpha Delta Phi Society at Middle- 
town, Connecticut, May, 1878 ; in the Constitution, Mid- 
dletown,i878. . . . Differences Harmonized — TheStrength 
of the Union: A memorial address at Lewiston, May, 
1879. • ■ The Lessons of Monuments : An oration at the 
unveiling of the soldiers' statue, Boothbay, September, 
1879; Waldoboro, 1879 .... Modern Education Repre- 
sented at the Universal Exposition at Paris, 1878; Re- 
port of Commissioners, volume ii, publication of the 
State Department, United States of America, 1880. . . . 
Obedience; An address before the Worcester Free In- 
stitute of Technology, July, 1880; Worcester, Massachu- 
setts, 1880.. . .The Sovereignty of Country ; An oration 
at the Meade Memorial Services in the Acadcrny of 
Music, Philadelphia, May, 1880; publi.shed by Meade 
Post, Grand Army of the Republic, 1880. . . .The Citizen 
as Soldier; A memorial address at Somerville, Massachu- 
setts, May, 1881; in Somerville Journal, June 4, 1881. 



Chandler, Peleg W. (Bangor, Boston from 1837). 
For ten years connected with the Daily Advertiser, Bos- 
ton .... Established the Law Reporter in 1839; its edi- 
tor fourteen years; 10 vols, octavo, 500 pp. each, Bos- 
ton, Vol. I. in 1839, Vol. X. in 1848 .... Bankrupt Law of 
the United States, with Notes, i vol. i2mo., 102 pp, 
Boston, 1844. . . .The Morals of Freedom: an Oration, 
July 4, 8vo.; Boston, 1844 ... .American Criminal 
Trials; 2 vols., 436, 440 [)p, ; Boston and London, 
1846. . . .Charter and Ordinances of the City of Boston, 
ccillated and revised, together with the Acts of the 
Legislature relating to the City of Boston; 5S2 pp., 8vo. ; 
1850 ... .The Authenticity of the Gosptls; i vol. 12- 
mo., 109 pp.; Chicago and Boston, 1866.. ..Letter to 
Bangor's Centennial; 1869 ...-. Letter on the use of 
Hymns in the Public Services of the New Jerusalem 
Church; i2mo., 66 pp; Boston, 1872 .... Memoir of 
Governor John A. Andrew, with Personal Reminiscen- 
ces; I vol., i2mo., 298 pp.; Boston, 1880. 

Chaplin, Rev. Jerenhah (Pastor First Baptist church, 
Bangor, 1841-46). Discourse occasioned by the calam- 
ity on board the United States ship Princeton; 24 pp.; 
Bangor, 1S44 . . . . I'^vening of Life; 281 pp., i2mo. ; 
Boston, 1859 .... Memoir of Rev. Duncan Dunbar; 
Boston, 1S65 . . . .Life of Henry Dunster, First President 
of Harvard College; 315 pp., i2mo. ; Boston, 1872.... 
Memorial Hour; i6mo., 283 pp.; Boston, 1S74.... 
Life of Charles Sumner; 121110., 504 pp.; Boston, 1874 
.... Memoir of Benjamin Franklin, i 2mo., 398 jsp. ; Bos- 
ton, 1876. . . .Chips from the White House; i2mo., 488 
pp.; 1 88 1. 

Chatlin, Mrs. Jane D. (Bangor). Author of seveial 
volumes, and contributor to the Watchman and Reflec- 
tor, Baptist Missionary Magazine, Helping Hand, etc. 

Coan, Rev. Leander S. (Garland, Chaplain in United 
States army.) Centennial Discourse at Buothbay (where 
the author was minister); Boston, 1S66 .... Patriotic 
Poems: The Old Corporal's Ballads; New Hampshire, 
1879. 

Cornwall, Rev. Nathaniel E. (Rector St. John's 
Episcopal church, Bangor, 1855-56.) Contributor to 
literary magazines and papers. . . .Essays on Music. . . . 
Address before Penobscot Musical Association ; Bangor, 

1855- 

. Crosby, Mrs. Eliza L. (Bangor). In Memoriam of 
Deacon Eliasliib Adams, Bangor, with a portrait — editor 
of this "Autobiography," and author of the Memoir of 
Henry M. Adams; 132 pp.; Bangor, 1S65 . . . . Poem 
and Hymn at the Centennial Celebration of Bangor, 
September 30, 1869; 12 pp.; Notice of Rev. Harvey 
Loomis, minister First Congregational church, Bangor, 
181 1-25, 6 pp., published with the proceedings; Bangor, 
1870. . . .Other fugitive pieces. 

CuMMiNGS, Rev. Ephraim C. (Pastor First Congrega- 
tional church, Biewer, 1858-60). In Memory of Hon. 
Erastus Fairbanks; 16 pp.; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
1S64 .... Discourses of First Principles; i2mo., 263 
pp.; Portland, iS73....Th€ Great Question: Twelve- 
Lessons on Faith; 147 pp.; 1878. 

Curtis, D. D., Rev. Thomas (pastor First Baptist 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



233 



Church, Bangor, 1S34-37). Thanksgiving Discourse; 
22 pp. J Bangor, 1S35 .... Editor B.ingQr Journal, 1S77 
.... Address at the funeral of Hon. Jacob Axton, 
Charleston, South Carolina, 1S43. 

Cutting, Hon. Jon.^s (Bangor. Judge of the Su- 
preme Judicial Court, 1854-75). Decisions during that 
time published in the Maine Reports. 

D.WENPORT, Frederick S. (Bangor). Organ Gems, ' 
and other musical productions. 

Deane, S.\r.\h M.\ri.\ (Bangor). Sunshine and 
Shade, or the Dunham Family; Bangor, 1S44 — second 
edition, Boston, 1846. 

Dole, Rev. N.ath.\n (pastor of First Congregational 
church, Brewer, 1842-50). Editor of the publications | 
of the American Board, of Commissioners for Foreign ' 
Missions; Boston, 1850-55 . . . .Contributor to magazfnes 
and papers. 

Dole, Rev. Ch.\rles F. (Brewer). Sermons, and 
contributor to magazines and papers. 

Dole, N.\th.\n H.^skell (Brewer). Young Folks' 
History of Russia, one hundred illustrations; 1881.... 
Editor and translator of Rambaud's Popular History of 
Russia .... Fugitive articles in prose and poetry. 

DoUGL.\ss, Rev. Ebenezer (pastor Oldtown Con- 
gregational church, 1S55-60). In Memory of Rev. 
Nathaniel H. Broughton; Boston and North Yarmouth, 
1866. 

Drinkw.vter, Anna F. Memoir of Mrs. Deborah H. 
Porter, wife of Rev. Charles G. Porter, of Second Bap- 
tist church, Bangor; 269 pp.; Portland, 1S48. 

DuREN, Elnatha.n ¥. (Bookseller, Bangor, 1834-81). 
Compiler and editor of the Minutes of the General Con- 
ference of the Congregational Churches in Maine, 1853- 
18S1; average about 100 pages annually; Portland and 
Bangor. .. .Congregational Churches and Ministers in 
Maine, 1672-1867, 67 pp., 8vo. ; Portland, 1867.... 
Sup|)lement to the same, 1868-1876, with inde.x of fifty 
years, 67 pp — (semi-centennial anniversary); Portland, 
1876. ... Bibliography of Maine (in part); Brunswick, 
1S72 .... Minutes (annual) of the Penobscot Musical 
Association, 1847 to 18S1 .... Manual of Hammond 
Street Congregational Church, Bangor, 1833-1871, 52 
pp. i2mo.; Bangor, 187 1 ... .Supplement to same, 
1873, 1877, and 1878, 24 pp.; Bangor. ... History of 
Penobscot County; quarto, in History of New England, 
8 pp.; Crocker & Co., Boston, 1878 and 1880. . . .Con- 
tributions to the History of Penobscot County; Williams, 
Chase & Co., Cleveland, 1881 . . .Bibliography of Pe- 
nobscot County, in the same, 1881 .. . .Correspondent of 
se\eral newsp.ipers. 

Ellis, Rev. Tho.mas L. (Bangor). The Observance 
of the Sabbath; 14 pp.; Worcester, Massachusetts, 1872. 

E.MERV, Mis. Deborah Brown (Brewer). Fugitive 
pieces, prose and poetry. 

Everett, Rev. Charles C. (Pastor Unitarian church, 
Bangor, 1859-69). Eulogy on the Death of .Abraham 
Lincoln, 30 pp.; B.ingor, 1865 ... .Sermon preached 
on the Sabbath after President Lincoln's death, with re- 
marks on the day of the funeral, 25 pp.; Bangor, iSG^ 
.... Landing of the Pilgrims, 10 pp. ; Bangor, 1865 .... 
30 • 



The Science of Thought: A System of Logic, 423 
pp.; Boston, 1869. .. .A Christmas Sermon; Cambridge, 
Massachusetts: Essays, in reviews and in volumes. 

Fay, Rev. Solomon P. (Bangor, Pastor of Hammond 
Street Church 1866-79). National Corruption the 
Cause of National Calamity: Sermon on Fast Day, de- 
livered in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and Hampton, 
New Hampshire; 21 pp.; Boston, 1854. ... Memorial 
Discourse on the Lite and Character of Calvin H. 
Brown, Esq., Raymond, New Hampshire; 16 pp.; Boston, 
1865 .... Duty of Christians to Unite with some Church; 
12 pp.; Boston, 1866. 

Fernald, Ph. D., Merritt C. (President of State 
College, Orono). Published in 1868, in a report on the 
Variations of the Magnetic Needle, by Hon. Noah Bar- 
ker, 12 pp., including a table of Azimuths of the North 
Star, for the latitude of Maine, from A. D. 1868 to 1900 
... .In College Report, 24 pp., including 14 pages Me- 
teorological Tables; 1869. In subsequent reports, 1870- 
80, from 13 to 28 pp. each year, and 16 pp. in each year 
of Meteorological Tables. In 1879 and 1880 there are 
34 and 36 pp. additional. In report of the Maine Board 
of Agriculture,- — The Distribution of Rains; 16 pp.; 1870 
...Plant Growth; 16 pp.; 1871 .... Protection from 
Lightning; 20 pp.; 1872 ... .Agriculture Compared with 
other Industries; 20pp.; 1873. . . .Education and Labor; 
12 pp.; 1875. .. .Taxation ; 22 pp.; 1876-77 .... Margin 
of Profit ; 17 pp.; 1877-78. . . .Catalogues of Maine State 
College; 50 pp., 1868-70; 100 jjp., 1878-81 ... .Cata- 
logues and Reports of Levant and Foxcroit Academy ; 
1S57 68. .. .Short papers — articles for agricultural and 
other journals. ... Paper on a Barometical Determina- 
tion of the Altitude of Mount Katahdin; 1874.... 
Baccalaureate Address ; 18S0. . . .Records of Geodetic 
and Astronomical Work, etc.; 50 pp. 

Fernald, A. M., Charles H. (Professor in Maine 
State College, Orono). Various papers and lectures on 
Natural History; among them^-" Destructive Insects,' 
in the Transactions of the Slate Pomological Society, 
1875; and another article on the same topic in tlie Report 
of the Maine Board of .Agriculture, 1877. . . .Extended 
articles in the Canadian Entomologist, American Natur- 
alist, Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, of London, Mi- 
croscopic Journal. ... Reports to the Trustees of the 
State College ; published yearly. .. .A lecture delivered 
in Portland, Maine. ... Method of Preparing and 
Mounting Wings of Microle|)idoptera, in Proceedings of 
the .American .Association tor the Advancement of 
Science; August, 1880. ... Review of Lord Walsing- 
ham's illustration of tyi)ical specimens of North .Ameri- 
can Tortricida; in Psyche, the organ of the Cambridge 
Entomological Club; October, 1880. . . .Natural History 
of the .Army Worm ; 18S1 . . . . .A Synonymical Catalogue 
of the Tortricidse of North America in the Transactions of 
the .American Entomological Society of Philadelphia ; 
1881 ... .In preparation, A Manual of Entomology, for 
use in schools and colleges .... Papers have appeared in 
Maine Farmer, Home Farm, .Aroostook Times, Zion's 
Heiald, etc. 

Field, M. D., Edward M. (Bangor). Criticism upon 



234 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Critics, in Voices of the Kenduskeac;: 1848.... My 
Sister, in Native Poets of Maine; Bangor, 1851.... 
Poems at college class meetings, etc. 

Field, D. 1)., Rev. George W. (Bangor ; Pastor First 
Congregational Church, Brewer, 1S53-56; Central 
Church, Bangor, from 1864). Sermon before the Maine 
Missionary Society at Lewiston — " Ciiristianity has Espe- 
cial Regard to the Humbler Classes ;" 22 pp.; Portlind, 
1867. Addresses and communications published in pa- 
pers of the day. 

FiSKE, D. D., Rev. John O. (Bangor; Pastor Winter 
Street Church, Bath, from 1S43). The Omnipresence 
of God; 14 pp.; Bath, 1847 .... Obedience '" Law; 
B.iih, 1850. . . .Man an Uncertain Object of Reliance: 
On the death of Zachnry Taylor; 16 pp.; Bath, 1S50. . . . 
Discourse on the death of General William King; 32 
pp.; Batli, iS52....0n the Fifth Commandment; 17 
pp.; 1859. . . . N.itional Troubles: On the day of the 
National Fast; 19pp.; Bath, 1861 . . . .Salvation — Conver- 
sion of Children: A sermon before the Maine Missionary 
Society, Portland; 15 ])p. ; Portland, 1862 . . . .Commission 
of the Chuich ■ A sermon before the General Conference 
of Congregational Churches in Maine, at Foxcrufl; 
Portland, 1880. . . .Eaily Religious History of Bath; in 
the Times, 1881. . . .Various articles in magazines and 
newspapers. 

Free.man, Rev. Frederick (Rector St. John's Episco- 
pal Church, B.ingor, 1S39-40). Religious Liberty; 32 
pp.; Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1832. . . .History 01 Cape 
Cod; Boston, 1860-62. . . .Plea for Psahnody; 1836. . . . 
Plea for Africa; 1S3S ... .Civilization and B.irbarism: 
Illustrated by especial reference to Metacomel and the 
e.xtinctiun of his race; 187S. 

Fuller, -Melville W. (Bangoi). "Rernorse," and 
"Bachannalian Song,'' in Naii\e Poets of Maine, Bangor, 
1851. 

GiLM.AN, Charles (Bangor). Fugitive Pieces.... 
Editor of B.ingor Clarion and of a magazine. 

GiLMAM, D. D., Rev. Edward W. (Pastor First Con- 
gregational Churth, Bangor,- 1859-63). Farewell Ser- 
mon; 22 pp., Svo; Cambri jge|)ort, Massachusetts, 185S. 
.... Sermon after Installation at Bangor; 24 pp.; Ban- 
gor, 1859 .... Address before Penobscot Musical Asso- 
ciation; Bangor, iS62....The Fellowship of the 
("hurehes; 8 pp.; 1S70. . . . .Articles published in the New 
Englander and Congregational (Quarterly, some of them 
issued in separate form .... Articles on (Jongregational- 
ism and Bible Societies in C>clo[)a;dias (Johnson's, Ap- 
pleton's, etc.), and for newspapers and magazines. 

Godfrey, Hon. John E. (Judge of Probate, Penob- 
scot county, 1857-80; President of the Historical So- 
ciety from 1873). The Speculator, Stephen Skidd, 6 
pp., and Penobscot Characters, 10 pp., in Voices of the 
Kendubkcag; Bangor, 1S48 .... Addresses belbre the 
Penobscot Mu.-^ical Association, of which he was Presi- 
dent; Bangor, 1858-59. . . .Addresses at the Centennial 
Celebration of the Settlement of Bangor, September 30, 
1869; 17 pp.; also "The Rhyme of the Ancient City 
Hall," and "To the Penobscot, Now"; 18 pp.; published 
in the volume issued by the Committee of Arrange_ 



ments; 182 pp.; Bangor, 1870. .. .Address before the 
State Pomological Society, 1873.... The Ancient Pe- 
nobscot; 24 pp.; Pilgrims of the Penobscot; 17 pp.; 
Baron de St. Castin; 35 pp.; Castin, the Younger; 21 
])p ; Bashaba and the Tarratines, 15 pp., in vol. vii., 
Maine Historical Collections; Bath, 1876 .... Notice of 
David Barker, prefixed to his Poems; Bangor, 1876. . . . 
Norumbega, and Notice of Judge Edward Kent, in vol. 
viii., Maine Historical Collections, i88r. 

Goodale, Ephrai.m (Orrington). The New Pleasing 
Spelling Book. 

Goodale, Samuel L. (Orrington). Reports and 
Papers on the Agricultu'e of Maine, 16 vols. 

Goodwin, Mrs. Hannah E. Bradbury (Bangor). 
Madge; 407 pp.; New York, 1S64. . . .Sherbrooke; 500 
pp.; New York, 1868. . . . Dr. Howell's Family; 360 pp.; 
Boston, 1869. . . .Christine's Fortune; 300 pp.; Boston, 
1881. Contributor to magazines, etc. 

Hamlin, M. D., Augustus C. (Bangor). Salmonidje 
of Maine; I2p]3,, S\o; Bangor, 1856 . . . . Marlyria; or 
the .Andersonville Prison ; 256 pp., 121110; Boston, 1866. 
. . . .The Tourmaline: Its Relation as a Gem, etc.; 107 
pp.; Boston, 1873 .... .Alimentation Considered in Its 
Relations to the Progress and Prosperity of the Nation. 
. . . .Transfusion. . . .Transmission^ of Disease. . . .Te- 
tanus. . . .The F2inerald. . . .Origin and Properties of the 
Diamond. . . .Leisure Hours witli the Gems; 2 vols, (in 
preparation). 

Hamlin, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Cyrus (Professor/;-^ 
Um. Bangor 'J'heological Seminary, 1S77-S1). Among 
the Turks; 37S [ip , 121110., New York, 1S78.... Mis- 
sionary and Educational Works While Missionary in 
Turky, 1S38-1S60, and President of Robert College, 
Constantinople, 1860-77 ... .Various articles in Mis- 
sionary Herald, Christian .Mirror, Vermont Chronicle, 
New York Observer, New York Evangelist, Independent, 
Christian Union, etc. 

Hamlin, Hon. Elijah L. (Mayor of Bangor, 1853- 
54; President Bangor Historical Society, 1864-73). Ad- 
dresses and Historical Sketches. 

Hamlin, Hon. Hannibal (Hampden and Bangor). 
.Agricultural and Literary Addresses, Orations on the 
Fourth of July, Lyceum Lectures by the Hon. Senator 
and ex-Vice-Piesident of the United States, have been 
published, and Reports and Speeches in the Maine Leg- 
islatuie and in the United States House of Representa- 
tives and Senate. Notably among the latter uere those in 
the opening of the debate of two days on the admission 
of California, 1850; the Report and Speeches on the 
Bill to relieve ship-owners for property destroyed by fire 
at sea, for which he received many thanks and a recep- 
tion and dinner by the merchants of Boston.... A 
Spcecli on the Oregon Question; 8 pp.; January 12, 
1846.... On the Com].ironiise Bill to Establish Terri- 
torial Government in Oregon, New Mexico, and Cali- 
fornia; 8 pp.; July 22, :84s.... On resigning his posi- 
tion as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce, and 
the tests of the Cincinnati Convention; 8 pp.; June 12, 
1856. . . .On the admission of Kansas into the Union as 
a State, the Lecompton Constitution: A reply to Cover- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Z3S 



nor Hammond and in defense of the North and Nonhern 
laborers; i6 pp.; March 9-10, 1858. . . .On the Bill to 
restrict the Immigration of the Ciiinese to the United 
Stnte?, Febriiaiy 14-15, 1879.... In defense of the 
Rights of American F'shermen ; 16 pp.; August 3-5, 
1859. 

H.VRLOW, N. Sp.\rh.\«k. (Bangor). Editor of the i^ro- 
ceedings at the celebration of the- Centennial of the Set- 
tlement of Bangor, September 30, 1869; Svo, 182 pp.; 
Bangor, 1S70. 

H.\Ri-0\v, Thom.\s S. (Bangor). A corre'^iJondcnt and 
writer on topics of the day for the Boston Journal, 1S33, 
and so on; Louisville Journal, 1848; for jmirnals in B )ston, 
edited by B. B. 'I'h.itcher, and in Portland, edited by 
Seba Smith ("Jack Downing"), and for other papers. 
Also for the Penobscot Magazine about 1834-3.S.... 
Editor of Piscataquis Herald, Dover, Maine, for three 
months .... Letter in the Bangor Centennial History, 
1S69. 

H.\RRis, D. D., LL. D., Rev. S.\MUtL (Professor in 
Bangot 'I'heological Seminary, 1855-67). Training Chil- 
dren for the Conversion of the ^\"orld: A Prize Essay, 
American Tract Society, New York; 24 pp.; 1S44. . . .The 
Me.xican War: .-\ sermon preached at the annual Thanks- 
giving in Conway, Massachusetts, November 26, 1S46; 
24pp.; Greenfield, Massachusetts, 1847 . . . .Christ's Pres- 
ence with his Ministers : A Sermon at the Ordination of 
Oliver M. Sears, Dalton, Massachusetts; 22 pp.; Pittsfield, 
Massachusetts, 1847. . . .Christ the Theme of the Sanc- 
tuary, at dedication of a church edifice in Hatfield, 
Massachusetts; 23 pp.; Northampton, Massachusetts, 



iSso 



The Ma.vuii for the Timts : A Sermon 



preached in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, July 4, 1852; 22 
pp . . . .Pernicious Fiction: or the Tendencies and Re- 
sults of Indi>criminate Novel Readmg : A Prize Essay ; 
32 pp.; Ameiican Female Guardian Society, New York, 
1853.. . .The Demands of Sinners Unreasonable, Mat- 
thew .\\vii.42; Characteristics of True Love to (]od, Mark 
xii.30; in National Preacher, 10 pages each, New York, 
1853.... The Scriptur.il Principle of Total Abstinence 
from Intoxicatnig Liquors; 12 pp.; Bangor, 1859..., 
Politics in the Pulpit, Portland Mirror, i860.... Our 
Country's Claim : .\n Oration in Norombega Hall, Bangor, 
July 4, 16 pp.; Bangor, iS6r.. . .The Son of Man : A Ser- 
mon before the Maine Missionary Society at Biddeford; 
15 pp ; Portland, 1863 .... .\ddress at the Centennial An- 
niversary at the Settlement of Machias ; in Report, etc.. 



180 pp.; Machias, 1863 



.Inaugural Address at the 



.Author's Induction to the Presidency ot Bowdoin Col- 
lege, August 6, 1867; 45 pp.; Brunswick, 1867.. ..The 
Christian Doctrine of Human Progress, Contrasted with 
the Naturalistic; Boston Lectures, p. 1-65; Boston, 
1870. .. .Address at the .Author's Induction as Dwight 
Professor of Systematic Theology, in Yale College, Oc- 
tober 10, 187 1; 23 pp.; New Haven, Connecticut, 1871 
....The Kingdom of Christen Earth, twelve lectures 
delivered before the students in Andover Theological 
Seminary; 255 pp., 8vo; Anduver, Massachusetts, 1874 
. . . .Zaccheus, or the Scriptural Plan of Benevolence: 
A_ Prize Essay; 87 pp.; American Tract Society, New 



York. . . .Christ's Praverforthe Death of His Redctimd; 
A Gift for Mourners ; American Tract Society, Boston. 
.....Articles ]nibli.shed in the New Englander, a quar- 
terly, in New Haven, Connecticut, viz: 'J he Cause and 
Cure of Sectarianism; 13pp.; January, 1847.... The 
Dependence of Popular Progress on Christianity ; 29 
|)p.; July, 1847 . . . . Uphaui's Life of Madam Guyon ; 
12 pp.; .\pril, 1848.. .. Necessiiy of Completeness in the 
Christian Liie; 30 pp.; August, 1849. . . .Review of Hum- 
phrey's Memoirs of Professor N. W. Fiske; 14pp.; August, 
1S50. . . .The Conditions of Missionary Success; 19 pp.; 
Novembir, 1850. . . . (lobai's -Abyssinia Reviewed; 13 pp.; 
November, 1S50 .... Endless Punishment a Result of 
Character; 12 pp.; May, iS5i....The Harmony of 
Natural Science and Theology : Address at the .Anniver- 
sary ot the Berkshiie Medical School ; 20 pp.; February, 
1S52 .... Louis Kossuth; 20 pp.; February, 1852.... 
The Complete .-\cademic Education of Females; 31 pp.; 
August, 1S53. .. .Politics of the Pulpit; 24 pp.; May, 
1854. . . .Infidelity: Its Erroneous Principles of Reason- 
ing; 24 pp.; August, 1854. . . .Development and Evolu- 
tion ; 23pp.; November, 1859.... The Christian Doc- 
trine of Labor; 32 pp ; .April, 1868 . . . .Smyth's Religious 
Feeling; 8 pp.; iS78....The Milknium Confcience; 
36 pp.; 1878. .. ..Articles in the Bibliotheca Sacra, An- 
dover, Massachusetts, viz: Demands of Infidelity Satis- 
fied by Christianity; 41 pp. vol. 13 |)p. 272-314; A])ril, 
1856.... The Christian Law of Self-sacrifice; 34 pp.; 
January, 1861 .... Marks of the Supernatural in God's 
Promise to .Abrahain ; 20 pp.; January, 1865.... Some 
publications in other magazines and newspapers. 

Hatch, Elizabeth P. (Bangor). Childhood and the 
Old Elm, in Voices of the Kenduskeag ; Bangor, 1848. 
.... Articles in magazines and news|)apers ; a skilful 
and full reporter of lectures, elc. 

Hathaway, Hon. Joshua \V. (Bangor). Address at 
Ellsworth, on the 4ih of July, about 1832. . . .Opinions 
as Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1852-59; pub- 
lished in the reports of decisions. 

Hazi.ewood, Rev. Fra.ncis T. (Pastor of the First 
Baptist Church, Bangor, from 1869). Sermon in mem- 
ory of Chapin Humphrey, 40 pp ; Bangor, 1875 . . . .Ad- 
dresses in local papers and contributions to magazines, 
etc. 

Hedge, D. D., Rev. Frederick H. (Pastor Unitarian 
Church, Bangor, 1S35-50). Practical Goodness the 
True Religion, 15 pp.; Bangor, 1S40 .... Discourse on 
the Death of William H. Harrison, Ninth President of 
the United Stares, 24 ])p.; Bangor, 1841 ... .Character 
of Dr. Channing; Bangor, 1842 .... German Prose 
Wi iters, 567 pp., 1S48; new edition, with introductory 
biographical sketches, 1870 ... .Conscience and the 
Slate, 15 pp.; Providence, Rhode Island, 185 1.... 
Christian Liturgy, 78 pp.; 1853. . . .The N.nional Weak- 
ness, 19 pp., Boston, 1861 . . . .Death of Edward Ever- 
ett; Boston, 1865. .. .Primeval World of Hebrew Tra- 
dition, 283 pp.. Boston, 1870. .. .Reason in Religion, 
458 pp., 1865; new edition, 1875 ... .German Proposi- 
tions, 20 jjp., 1874-75. . . .Ways of the Spirit, 367 i)p.; 
1877. . . .Numerous pamphlets and communications for 



236 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



magazines and the newspaper press. . . .In "Voices from 
the Kenduskeag;" Bangor, 1848: The Morning Star; 
Sorg of the Angels; The Dream; Veneration tor the 
Past ; Stanzas ; 40 pp. 

Herrick, D. D., Rev. John R. (Professor in Bangor 
Theological Seminary, 1867-73). Graded Schools: A 
series of articles in village paper, Malone, New York; 
1859. .. .Lecture on Education; 1857 ... .Sermons in 
Malone: (a) Signs of the Times, 1861; {/>) Whj- this 
Waste? at soldier's funeral, 1864; (c) Funeral Sermon, 
1865. . . .The Will, Normal and Abnormal, in Theolog- 
ical Review; New York, 1 861 .... Radical Defect in 
Education, in Theological and Presbyterian Review ; 
Nevv York, 1863 .... Inaugural Address at Bangor, in 
Bibliotheca Sacra; Andover, Massachusetts, 1868.... 
Education for the Ministry; Portland, 1868. . . .The Phil- 
osophy of Nescience; 1869. ... Positivism, in Boston 
Lectures, p. 66-102; Boston, 1S70. . . .Christian Culture, 
in Journal of Education; 1871 .... Lecky on Morals; 
1872 ... .Woman's Influence, in Hampshire Gazette; 
1874. ... Review of "Sex in Education," Journal of 
Education; Boston, 1875. • • Grace, Inspiration, Justifi- 
cation, Locke and his Philosophy — four articles in John- 
son's Encyclopedia; 1875 .. . .Religion and the Bible in 
Education, in several articles; 1880. ... Discourse at 
Commencement of Pacific University, Portland, Oregon 
(of which Dr. R. is now President), on Education in 
general, and Education on the Pacific Coast in particu- 
lar; Portland, Oregon, 1881. 

Hill, John B. (Bangor). History of Mason, New 
Hampshire; 324 pp., 8vo.; Boston and Bangor, 1858 
.... Memoir and Sermons of Rev. Ebenezer Hill, Mason, 
New Hampshire; 115 pp., 8vo.; Boston and Bangor, 
1858. .. .Articles in Historical Magazine; February, 
1871. 

HoDSDON, General John L. (Bangor). Reports as 
Adjutant-General of Maine, 1861-C6; si.x volumes; con- 
taining names of Maine volunteers and action of the 
State during the Civil AVar, with some history and inci- 
dents; Augusta. 

Howard, Blanche Willis (Bangor). One Summer ; 
i6mo., 254 pp.; Boston, 1875.... One Year Abroad; 
i6mo., 247 pp.; Boston, 1877 ... .Aunt Serena, 332 pp.; 
Boston, 1881 ... .Correspondent from abroad of the 
Boston Transcript, etc. 

Howard, Rev. Richard L. (Pastor Free Baptist 
Church, Bangor). A work on Baptism .... History of 
the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Illinois Regiment, 
from 1862 to 1S65, of which he was chaplain during the 
late Civil War; 519 pp., 8vo.; Springfield, Illinois, 1880. 

"Index, P. Q.," ;wot ^('//w//6' (Bangor). Inde.xes to 
The Nation, Atlantic Monthly, International, Lippincott's 
Magazine, Eclectic, Living Age, Scribner's Monthly; 
Bangor, 1880-81 ... .The Monograph — fortnightly-^ a 
8-'ii.il collection of indexed Essays "of scholarly accuracy 
and literary merit" (so writes a critic). Twenty-five 
articles already issued, others in preparation; Bangor, 
i88o-8i....A Manual of Misused Words (in press), 
7 J pp.; Bangor, i88i. 

Ingersoll, Mrs. Henkietta C. (Bangor, 1S40-62.) 



Love and Romance; Manners; The Whistling Wind ; A 
Dirge; The Archer and the Maid; An Apology, 43 pp., 
in Voices from the Kenduskeag; Bangor, 1848., ..A 
prize essay on the Intellectual Wants of Farmers, pub- 
lished in pamphlet form, 1857 .... Edited, in 1863, a 
paper issued weekly for soldiers in Armory Square Hos- 
pital, Washington, District of Columbia, called the 
Armory Square Hospital Gazette. ... Has been a fre- 
quent w-riter for the press for many years. 

Johnson, Rev. Edwin (Pastor Hammond Street Church, 
Bangor, 1861-65). Class Poem at Yale College, 1846, 
20 pp.; New Haven. . . .Review of "Elsie Venner"; Bos- 
ton Review, 12 pp. ; 1861 . . . .The \\'ant and the Supply: 
A sermon before the .American Education Society, 17 pp.; 
Boston, 1863 ... .Reviewed "Hannah 'i'hurston;" Nor- 
thern Monthly, 10 pp.; Portland, 1864. . . .Discourse on 
the Death of Abraham Lincoln; Bangor, 1S65 .... Mary- 
land Congregationalists Two Hundred Years Ago; Con- 
gregational Quarterly, 20 pp.; Boston, 1865. . . .Address 
at the laying of the corner stone of the First Congrega- 
tional Church, Washington, District of Columbia; Con- 
gregational Quarterly, 16 pp.; Boston, 1866. . . . Discourse 
in memory of George Sterling, 12 pp.; Bridgeport, Con- 
necticut, 1871 . . . .The Mouth of Gold: a series of dra- 
matic sketches illustrating the life of Chrysostom, 109 
pp.; New York, 1873 .... Fugitive pieces, prose and 
poetry, have been published. 

Kent, George (Bangor). Address before the New 
Hampshire Alpha of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, on the 
Claims and Characteristics of the Age in which they live; 
1831 ... .Biographical sketch of Hon. Joseph Bell, a 
prominent lawyer of Boston, and formerly of New Hamp- 
shire; Boston, i85i....Poem for Bangor's Centennial, 
1869. . . .Editor of thi'ee or four papers; contributor to 
the Law Reporter, Boston, and numerous articles in 
prose and verse to other papers. 

Kent, Hon. Edward (Bangor). Addresses as Mayor 
of Bangor, 1S36-38. . . . Messages as Governor of Maine, 
183S-40. . . .Reports as Commissioner on the Northeast- 
ern Boundary question, 1S42, etc. . . .Correspondent for 
the press while Consul at Rio Janeiro, 1850. . . .Opinions 
as Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1859-73, in re- 
ports of decisions. . . .Two sketches in Voices from the 
Kenduskeag, Bangor, 1848, entitled, A Vision of Ban- 
gor in the Twentieth Century, 14 pp.; The Field of the 
Incurables (1826), 8 pp. 

Knapp, Rev. Arthur M. (Pastor of the Unitarian 
Church, Bangor, September, 187 1, to March, 1879). 
Sermons and addresses, and contributions to magazines 
and i)apers. 

Lamson, Joseph (Sebec). Round Cape Horn, and 
California Scenes, 156 p|j., 121110; Bangor, 1878. 

Lancev, S. Herbert (Cangor). Editor of Native 
Poets of Maine, 312 pp.; Bangor, 1851. 

Leonard, Rev. Edwin (Bangor). Discourse on 
Slavery, 28 pp,; Milton, Massachusetts, 1854.... Fun- 
eral Discourse on the Death of Sergeant Lawrence R. 
Rankin, Rochester, Massachusetts, July 3, 1864; New 
Bedford Standard.. ..Centennial Sermon, Morris, Con- 
necticut, July 9, 1876; Waterbury American. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



237 



Leonard, Jr., George (Brewer). Practical Treatise 
on .-Vrithineiic, 342 pp.; Boston, 1S43. . . .Primary Arith- 
metic, 54 pp.; Boston, 1S43 ... .Several important arti- 
cles in the North .American Review — one of these, a Re- 
view of Abercrombie on the Intellectual Powers and 
the Investigation of Truth, attracted much attention and 
received high praise. 

Leonard, R;v. Henry C. (Pastor Universalist Church, 
Orono, 1847-55). A Sheaf from a Pastor's Field, 400 pp.; 
Boston, 1S56 .... Pigeon Cove, 200 pp.; Boston, 1873 
....Lake Charms, in the National Era; Washington, 
1853. . . .Orono's Centennial, a Poem, Birthday Celebra- 
tion, 3 pp.; 1S74. 

Lewis, Rev. Wales (Pastor First Congregational 
Church, Brewer, 1831-38). Discourse in reference to 
difficulties in the church at South U'eymouth, Massachu- 
setts, where he was then pastor, 28 pp.; Boston, 184 1. 

Little, Rev. George B. (Pastor First Congregational 
Church, Bangor, 1S49-57). Music as a Science, an .\rt^ 
a Language: An address before the Penobscot Musical 
Association, of which he was President, 14 pp.; Bangor, 
1855 . . . .Sermon at the Senii-Centennial .Anniversary of 
■ the Maine Missionary Society, Bath, 16 pp.; Augusta, 
1857 . . . .Reminiscences of, and Sermons, with Portrait, 
171 pp.; Boston, 1S61. 

LiTTLEFiELD, Mrs. Sophie B. (Bangor). Hymns and 
Poems for Special Occasions, Dedicatory, in Memoriam, 
etc. 

LooMis, Rev. Harnev (Pastor First Congregational 
Church, Bangor, 181 1-25). Sermon at the Sixteenth 
Anr.iversary of the Maine Missionary Society at Port- 
land, 24 pp.; Hallowcll, 1823. .. .(Rev. Eliphalet Gil- 
lett's Sermon at tlie Ordination of Mr. Loomis, 20 pp.; 
published at Buckstown, now Bucksport, 18 11). 

LovEjov, Rev. Joseph C. (Pastor of the Congrega- 
tional^] Church, Oldtown, 1835-39). Alliances of Jehosh- 
aphat, 7 pp ; Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, 1844.... 
Discourse at the Funeral of Rev. J. Wilder, 16 pp.; Bos- 
ton, 1844. .. .The Law and the Offense (tem])erance), 
16 pp.; Boston, 1852 .... Discourse at the Fiinvral of 
Mrs. E. W. Denton, 16 pp.; Camljridge, Massachusetts, 
1853. .. .(Review of "The Law and the Offense," 31 
pp.; Boston, 1852). 

Luce, Sarah Jane (Hampden). Contributor to the 
Boston Commonwealth, from 1868; previously had 
written articles for several local journals; occasionally 
articles in Portland Transcript and an Illinois journal. 

Mace, Mrs. Frances Laughton (Bangor). From the 
age of fifteen has written for the press, and her produc- 
tions have many of them been included in selections of 
poems and published in volumes. The earliest, "Only 
Waiting," has appeared in books of hymns and musical 
selection. . . ."Castles in the Fire," and "Paradise," ap- 
peared in Native Poets of Maine; Bangor, 1851.... 
Hymn for Bangor's Centennial, published with the pro- 
ceedings; 1S69 . . . . Later, "The Phantom Ship," in 
Longfellow's Poems of New England .... In Harper's i 
M.igazine, May, 1877, " Israfel," with Illustrations; other 
articles in subsequent numbers. . . . Harper's Cyclopaedia 
of British and American Poetry, edited by the late Epes 



Sargent, and recently ])ublished, has a biographical 
notice of Mrs. Mace, and several columns of her poems. 
She has contributed for many years to the New York 
Journal of Commerce, later to the Portland Transcript, 
and occasionally to other papers; also to the .Atlantic 
and Lipi)incott's Magazines, Good Company, and other 
montlilies. 

JNIaltbv, Rev. John (Pastor Hammond Street Con- 
gregational Church, Bangor, 1834-60). Sermon at 
Portland, at the ordination of Rev. Cyrus Hamlin as 
Missionary to Turkev, 40 pp.; Bangor, 183S. . . .Charac- 
teristics of the Tillies, Annual Fast, 30 pp.; Bangor, 
1838. . . .The Offense, a Temperance Discourse, 28 pp.; 
Bangor, 1839 .... Impulses of Piety, 16 pp.; Bangor, 

1844 . . . .The Error and the Correction, 20 pp.; Bangor, 

1845 . . . .God our Helper, at the Funeral of J. B. Fol- 
som, Buckspott, 16 pp.; New York, 1854 .... Govern- 
ment, 12 pp.; Bangor, 1856 .... Heaven First : A dis- 
course at the Fifty-Second .Anniversary of the Maine Mis- 
sionary Society, at Portland, 16 pp.; Augusta, 1859. . . . 
A Pattern Church, 16 pp.; Bangor, 1859 .... Discourse 
at the Quarter-centennial .Anniversary of his Pastorate; 
Bangor, 1859. . . .(.Addresses of Drs. Pond and Shepard 
at his funeral; Bangor, i860). 

Mansfield, Rev. Daniel H. (Pastor First Methodist 
Church, Bangor, 1S50-52). .American Vocalist (church 
music), 350 pp.; 1847. 

Marden, Mrs. Sarah Havford (B.ingor). Fugitive 
pieces, essays, short stories, and poems — among them 
The Sleeping Babe, in Native Poets of Maine ; Bangor, 
1851 . . . .Spring, May 9, 1879 ; Helen Thurlow's May 
Basket, April 27, 1881, in Christian Union— other 
articles in the same journal ; eailier in New York Journal 
of Commerce, and later in Life and Light. 

Mason, D. D., Rev. Javan K. (Pastor Congregational 
Church, Hampden, 1849-64). Youth and -Age ; 30 pp.; 
Bangor, 1859 .... Sermon at Sixty-third Anniversary of 
Alaine Missionary Society at Yarmouth; The Vitality of a 
Religion of Principle ; 14 pp.; Port nd, 1870. . . .Theln- 
ternational Congress, in Relation to Crime and Prisons; 
12 p[).; Augusta, 1872 .... Monuments: .A Temperance 
Discourse; 16 pp.; Rockland, 1S72. . . .The Great Com- 
mission and Promise ; .A discourse on the quarter- 
centennial of his ordination; 14 pp.; Thomaston, 1S74 
. . . .Prison and Prison LMscipline : .An address in a con 
vention of legislators and officers of the law; 22 pp.; 
Augusta, 1S76. 

Mason, Rev. William (Bangor). Sermon on the 
Death of a Young Lady [Nancy Mann]; Castine, 1799. 

Mitchell, Marion (Bangor). Fugitive pieces, chiefly 
for children, in weekly papers and magazines, such as 
Youth's Companion, Har|)er's Young People, etc ... . 
Two sketches of travel in Harper's Magazine, 187S. 

Merrill, Rev. Samuel H (Pastor Congregational 
Church, Oldtown, 1846-54). Campaigns of the First 
Maine Cavalry ; 436 pp; Portland, 1S66. 

Munsell, Rev. Jos?;ph R. (Pastor Congregational 
Church, Builington, 1831-39; and East Brewer, now 
Holdcn, 1839-52). Discourse on Searching the 
Scriptures; 7 pp ; Bangor, 1S49. 



238 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Neallev, Edward R. (Bangor). A Year in Montana ; 
in Atlantic Monthly, 1866. . . .Hymn for Bangor's Cen- 
tennial, 1869. . . . A Gold Hunt on the Yellowstone, in 
Lippincott's Magazine. ... Address at Bangor, July 4, 
1S76. . . .Address at the Centennial of the Incorporation 
of Thomaston, Maine, 1877 .... Genealogical Tree of 
the Ncallcy. True Famil)', of Notiingham, New Hamp- 
shire (a large chart); Bangor, 187S .... .Address at the 
Centennial of the Incorporation of Bath, Maine, 1S81. 

NoRCROSS, Christopher C. (Corinth). Sacred Songs. 

Norton, David (Oldtown). Sketches of Oldiown, 
from its settlement to 1877 ; 152 jip ; Bangor, 18S1. 

O'Brien, Rev. M. C. (Bastor ol St. Mary's Catholic 
Church, Bangor, 1881). Grammatical Notes on the 
Abenacjuis, or Alnambe Indians' Language — in manu- 
script ... .Contributor to the Celtic Monthly, and to 
various papers. 

Paine, Albert W. (Bangor). Correspondence, 10 pp., 
in Voices from the Kenduskeag; Bangor, 184S. . . . Re- 
port as Bank and Insurance Commissioner; 80 pp. in 
1868; 84 pp. in 1869. . . .Insurance Commissioner; 194 
pp. in 1870; 190 pp. in 187 1 ; 190 pp. in 1S72 . . . .Tax 
Commissioner; 32 pp. in 1S74. Each of the above pub- 
lished in Augusta. . . .Paine Genealogy, Ipswich Branch ; 
184 pp.; Bangor, 1881 ... .Correspondent of Boston 
Advertiser, etc. 

Paine, D. D., Rev. Levi L. (Professor in Theological 
Seminary, Bangor, from 1S71). . . .Christian Evangelism : 
A Sermon at Seventieth Anniversary of the Maine Mis- 
sionary Society in Calais; 12 \>\).; Bangor, 1877.. ..The 
Congregational Order of Worship : Address before the 
General Conference of Maine, at Portland; 16 pp.; Ban- 
gor, 18S1 . . . .Fast-day sermon, on National Grounds for 
Fasting and Prayer, preached at Farmington, Connecticut, 
where he was then pastor ; 16 pp.; 1862 .... Discourse in 
Memory of Rev. Noah Porter, D. D.; 15 pp.; Farming- 
ton, Connecticut, 1867 .... Inaugural Address as Pro- 
fessor of Ecclesiastical History, Bangor Seminary; 19 
pp ; 1 871 ... . ^L^ny contributions to periodicals, among 
them Church Polity, Infant Church Membership, Primi- 
tive Form of Baptism, The Lord's Supper, Pastorless 
Churches, etc. 

Paine, Selma W. (Bangor). Among her publications 
are a half-score or more poems, under the signature of 
"S.," in the Olive-Leaf ; Waltham, 1873 ... .Hero Wor- 
ship, in the Bric-a-brac, Scribner's Monthly, May, 1876 
. . . .The Philosopher and the Poet, in Scribner, Novem- 
ber, 1876. . . .The Legend of Saint Sophia, in Atlantic 
Monthly, April, 1878. . . .Letters frorn Europe to Boston 
Advertiser. 

Page, Rev. Roiiert (Pastor Congregational Church, 
Levant — now Kenduskeag — 1835-44). Character and 
Plessedness of the Humble; 16 pp.. National Preacher; 
New York, 183S. (Sermon at ordination of Mr. Page, at 
Durham, New Hampshire, by Rev. Nathaniel Bouton; 
29 pp.; Concord, New Hampsliire, 1829.) 

Parker, Rev. Wooster (Pastor Congregational 
Church, Orono, 183638; Brewer, 1838-41). Seimonat 
the funeral of Mrs. J. P. Adams; 15 pp.; Bangor, 1834 
. . . .Thanksgiving Discourse at Orono; 22 pp.; Bangor, 



1S37 .... Discourse at the Funeral of Mrs. S. B. Carpen- 
ter, Dexter; 45 p|). ; Bath, 1854. . . .Public Opinion, Bel- 
fast .Age ; i8(jo. . . .Sermon at the Fifty-third .Anniversary 
of the ALaine Missionary Society, at Bangor : " Every 
Man to His Own Work"; 14 pp.; Augusta, i860.... 
Contributions to newspapers. 

Pearl, Rev. Cyril (Pastor Congregational Church, 
East Orrington, 1834 37). Youth's Book on the Mind ; 
120 pp.; i2mo; Portland ... .Spectral Visitants.... 
Correspondent and contributor to educational and re- 
ligious magazines and newsp.ipers. 

Perlev, Jeremiah (Bangor and Orono). Oration at 
Hallowell, July 4 ; 24 pp.; Augusta, 1S07.. ..Proceedings 
of the Convention at Portland, 1819, for forming a Con- 
stitution of the State of Maine ; 300 pp.; Portland, 1820 
.... Maine Justice ; 224 pp.; Hallowell, 1829 ... . Maine 
Town Officer. . . . Maine Civil Officer. 

Perry, Adeliza (Bangor). Cinderella's Frock; Ban- 
gor, 1S50. . . .AVindfalL; 130 pp.; Philadelphia, 1880 
.... Schoolmaster's Trials; 200 ].ip. ; Boston, 1881. 

Peters, Hon. John A. (Bangor). Official Reports as 
Attorney General of Maine; 1864-66. . . .Speeches and 
Reports as Representative from the I'ourth District of 
Maine,in the XLth, XLIst, and XLI Id Congresses; 1S67- 
73; published in the Congressional Globe, some of them 
in pamphlet form. Among these were prominently 
speeches upon the Tariff and Reconstruction questions; 
the claim of W'llliam McGarrahan to a mine in Califor- 
nia, and a report upon the same claim; a defense of 
General (3, O. Howard and the Freedmen's Bureau; a 
eulogy, published with other eulogies delivered in the 
Senate and House of the Congress of the United States 
upon the occasion of the death of Hon. William Pitt 
Fessenden, a United States Senator frum Maine, deliv- 
ered in the House of Representatives 1869. . . .Opinions 
as a Judge of the SuprLine Judicial Court of Maine 
from 1873; publi.->hed in eleven volumes of the Maine 
Reports of Decisions. . . . A Memorial Address upon the 
life and character of the late Judge Jonas Cutting; pub- 
lished in a collection in book (orm in Dartmouth Memo- 
rials, 1881. 

Pierce, Mrs. Rebecca E. (Orrington). Poetical fugi- 
tive ijieces in various journals for the last ten years, 
chiefly in the Bangor Whig; about two hundred in num- 
ber. Among the most popular have been, The Old 
Homestead; The Old Kitchen Clock; On a Foreign 
Shore; My Mother's Bible; In My Dream; the latter in 
Bangor Whig, Se[)tember 25, 1880. A volume may be 
published ere long. Mrs. Pierce began to write at the 
age of fourteen, under the signature of "Rebecca." 

Plummer, Mrs. Benja.min (Bangor). Contributions 
to magazines and papers. The Secret Offering appeared 
in Voices from the Kenduskeag, Bangor, 1848. 

PoMROY, D. D., Rev. SwANN L., (Pastor First Con- 
gregational Church, Bangor, 1825-48). Sermon at the 
Funeral of Rev. John Smith, D. D., Professor in Bangor 
Theological Seminary; 15 pp.; Augusta, 1831.... Ser- 
mon at the Twenty-sixth Anniversary of the Maine Mis- 
sionary Society at Portland: Arguments in Favor of Mis- 
sions; 23 pp.; Portland, 1S33 ... .Saints' Perseverance; 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



239 



12 pp.; in National Preacher, New York, 1833.... 
Thanksgiving Discourse; 24 pp.; Bangor, 1837.... 
Knowledge, Liberty, and Religion; 24 p]).; Bangor, 1S37 
....Ministerial Support: A Sermon before the Maine 
Congregational Charitable Society; 23 pp.; Bangor, 183S 
....A frequent contributor to magazines and religious 
and other journals. 

Pond, D. D., Rev, Enoch ( Professor in Bangor 
Theological .Seminary fiom 1S32; President of the Fac- 
ulty most of tht! time and now Professor emeritus ) 
The Divinity of Christ, 1S15, second edition, 1828, 24 
pp., i2mo; Boston .... Reply to Dr. Judson on Bap- 
tism, three editions, 1816 .... Religious Conference 
Meetings, two editions, 32 pp., 8vo.; Worcester, Massa- 
chi'.setts, 1817 . . . .Letter to S. Nott on Baptism, 12 pp.; 
Boston, 18 19 .... Monthly Concert Lectures, 1822.... 
Memoir of Susanna Anthony, 1827 . . . .Memoir of Pres- 
ident Davies, 1831 .. . . Exhibition of Unitarianism, 183 1 
....Review of Rev. B. Whitman's Letter to Professor 
Stewart, on Religious Liberty; Boston, 1831 . . . .Life of 
John Cotton Reviewed, i8mo ; Boston, 1S34. . . . Pedo- 
Baptists, in Encyclopaedia of Religious Knrjwledge, 
1835. . . .Probation, 137 |)p., i8mo ; Bangor, 1S37. . . . 
The Church, 130 pp.; Bangor, 1837; second edition, 126 
pp., i860. . . .Memoir of Josejjh Stone, Esq., 1838. . . . 
Memoir of Count Zinzendorff; Boston, 1839.. ...Me- 
moir of John Wickliffc; Boston, 1841 . . . .Christian Per- 
fection ; Bangor, 1841 .... Morning ol the Reformation; 
Boston, 1842. . . .Millerism Destroyed ; Boston, 1842. . . . 
Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. En. ch Pond, Jr., at 
Cieorgetown, Massachusetts; Andover, 1S43. . . .Conver- 
sion: Its Nature and Importance; Boston. . . .Funeral 
Sermon at the Death of Deacon Timothv George ; Or- 
rington, 1S43. ■ ■ No Fellowship with Romanism ; Bos- 
ton, 1843. . . .The .Xctof Faith ; .-Vmerican Tract Society, 
New York, 1S43. . . .The First Piinciplcs of the Oracles 
of God, 1S43. . . .The .^L^ther Family; 180 pp.; Boston, 
1844.... The Young Pastor's Guide, 377 pp., 121110.; 
Bangor, 1844; second edition, "Lectures on Pastoral 
Theology," 395 pp.; Andover, 1866.... The ^\'orld's 
Salvation ; Boston, 1845 . . . .Plato and His Works, 156 
pp., 321110; Portland, 1846.... Pope and Pagan, on 
Middleton's Letter from Rome; Portland, 1846... 
Swedcnborgianism Reviewed and Examined, 300 pp., 
181110; Boston, 1846; second edition, 250 pp., 121110, 
1861; third edition, 1874 .... Memoir of Increase 
Mather and Sir William Phipps ; Boston, 184S .... Man- 
ual of Congregationalism ; Portland, 1848; second edi- 
tion, 101 pp.; Bangor, 1859 .... Review of Bushnell's 
"God in Christ;" Boston, 1S49. . . .Memoir of Joseph 
Stone Ward; 1850.... The Ancient Church, 252pp., 
i8nio; 1851 ... .Sabbath Recreations ; American Tract 
Society, New York, 1852 .... Memoir of John Kno.\; 
Boston, 1856. .. .Posture in Pr-ayer, 1857... The 
Wreck and the Rescue, 1858. . . .The Bible and Slavery; 
Tract Society, Boston, 1859.. ..In Memoriam of Rev. 
John Maltby, Pastor Hammond Street Church ; Bangor, 
i860. . . .Lccttires on Christian Theology, 784 ]i]i., Svo ; 
1868; fourth edition, Boston, 1S75 .... Historical 'Ad- 
dress at the Semi-centennial Anniversary of the Theo- 



logical Seminary; Boston, 1870. ... History of God's 
Church, from Its Origin to the Present Time, 1066 pp., 
8vo., with portrait of the author; Philadelphia, 1870; sec- 
ond edition, 1871 . . . .The Seals 0|)ened, or the Apoc- 
alypse Examined, 240 pp., 121110; Portland, 1S71.. .. 
Sketches of the Theological History of New England, 
102 pp , 121110 ; Boston, 1S80. . . .Conversations on the 
Bible, 630 pp., Svo, with portrait and steel engraving ; 
Springfield, Massachusetts, 1881.... The first article 
that Dr. Pond wrote for iniblicaiion was on Church Dis- 
cipline, in the Panoplist, while a divinity student, 1814. 
. , , , He wrote forty-five magazine articles, published 
before 182S ,,.. During four years' connection, from 
1828, with the "Spirit of the Pilgrims," as editor, pub- 
lished in Boston at the time of the separation of the Or- 
thodox and L^nitarian Congregational churches. Dr. Pond 
published about sixty articles in the six volumes of that 
iiiagazine. . . .Twenty sermons have been prepared and 
published in the National Preacher, New York. . , , Seven 
articles in the Literary and Theological Review, , , .Sev- 
enteen in the Biblical Rep)sitory. ... Fifteen in the 
Bibliotheca Sacra. . . .Sixteen in the Christian Review. . . . 
Five in the New EnglanJer. . . .Four in Ameriaan Theo- 
logical Review. . . .Five in Piinceton Review. . . .Six in 
Congregational Quarterly .... Six in Presbyterian Re: 
view. . . .Thirteen in Chiisiian Observatory . . .Nine in 
Literary and Theological Journal. . . .Seven tracts, one 
of which. " TheAct of Faith," h.is had an exceptionally 
wide circulation .... At least one hundred articles have 
been published in various religious papers — chiefly in the 
Congregaiionalist, Independent, Christian Union, and 
Christian Mirror. 

Poor, Henry Y.arxu.m (Bangor, now of New Yojk.) 
Railroad Reports and Statistics, and Magazine. . . . Money 
and its Laws, embracing a History of Monetary Theo- 
ries and a History of the Currencies ot the United 
States; 350 pp., 1S77.. ..Manual of the Railroads of 
the United States to iSSi; 7 vols., 8vo. 

Poor, John A., (Bangor). Reports and Pamphlets 
in behalf of the European and North American Railway, 
Portland, 1855, etc .... Discourse in Memory of Hon. 
Ruel Williams, 66 pp.; Augusta, 1864. ... Speech at 
Bangor Centennial, 1869. 

Poor, Laur.\ E. (Bangor). Sanskrit, audits Kindred 
Literatures: Studies in Com|jarative Mythology, Boston, 
1S80, and since republished in England. ... Fugitive 
pieces at different dates. 

Porter, Thomas W. (Burlington and Bangor). 
Memoir of James Eddy, 72 pp.; Augusta, 1877.... 
Genealogy of the Porter Family, 34 pp.; Bangor, 1878. 

Pr.\tt, Spencer A. (Bangor). Occasional contribu- 
tions to literary journals. . . . Editor College Journal. 

Reed, Mrs. Rebecca Perlev Page (Brewer). Above 
and Below, 252 pp.; Boston, 1872 .... From Shore to 
Shore; The Story of the Life of Miss .Agnes Claflin, daugh- 
ter of ex-Governor Claflin, of Massachusetts, for private 
circulation, 382 pp.; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1873 
....Everybody's Providence, 267 pp.; Boston, 1S73 
... .A contributor to magazines and papers of the day. 

Rich, Thomas H, (Bangor, now Professor Bates Col- 



240 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, 



lege, Lewiston). A Study of Nahum: A metrical para- 
phrase of the prophecy of Nahum, with an introduction 
and notes, 24 pp.; Boston, 1879. . . .Several works nearly 
ready for the press. 

Roberts, Charles P. (Bangor). The Sleep of Vir- 
tue, in Native Poets of Maine, 185 1 Editor of papers, 

and contributor to several. . . .Compiler Business Alma- 
nac and Historical Sketches of Bangor, 84 pp.; Bangor, 

1875- 

Ropes, Rev. Charles J. H. (Professor m Bangor 

Theological Seminary, Bangor, from 1S81). The Moral- 
ity of the Greeks, as shown in their Literature, Art, and 
Life: The (Yale) John A. Porter University pri/^e essay, 

74 pp.; New York, 1872 Irenajus of Lyons, in Bibli- 

otheca Sacra, 50 |5p.; April, 1877, Andover . . . .The 
New Manuscript of Clement of Rome, in Presbyterian 
Quarterly and Princeton Review, 19 pp.; April, 1877, 
New York. . . .Review of Fisher's Beginnings of Chris- 
tianity, New Englander, 19 pp.; May, 1878, New Haven 
.Translation and Notes of the latter half of Uhlhorn's 
Conflict of Christianity with Heathenism, 240 pp.; New 
York, 1880. . . ..Address before the General Conference 
of Maine, on the New Revised Version, 16 pp.; Bangor, 

1881. 

Ropes, Mrs. Hannah A. Ch.\ndler (Bangor), Six 
Months in Kansas, 281 pp.; Boston, 1856. . . .Cranston 
House, a Novel, Boston, 1S59. 

RowE, Mrs. Henrietta Gould (Bangor). Short 
stories and poems in the Aldine, Wide Awake, Northern 
Monthly, Godey's Lady's Book, Wood's Household 
Magazine, Potter's American Monthly, Arthur's Maga- 
zine, Ladies' Friend, Portland Transcriiit, and other 
magazines and newspapers. . . .Hymn for Bangor's Cen- 
tennial; 1869. . . .Serials: Persie Wynne, 1S76, and The 
King's Cousin, 1877, in Golden Hours.. ..Representa- 
tive Women in Other Lands, in Godey; 1879. . . . Moose- 
head Lake, in National Repository; October, 1879. 

Rowland, Rev. Lyman S. (Pastor First Congregational 
Church, Bangor, 1864 67). Discourse on the Death of 
President Lincoln ; Bangor, 1S65. 

S.wage, D. D., Rev. William T. (Bangor, now at 
Quincy, Illinois). Christian Tolerance, in National 
Preacher; New York — preached while pastor at Houlton, 
Maine, 1844-49 ... -The Cedar of Lebanon Fallen: 
Funeral of Parker Noyes, Esq., while Dr. S. was pastor 
in Franklin, New Hamp.shire; 18 pp.; 1852 .... Review 
of a sermon by Rev. Augustus Woodbury, entitled. Who 
are the Evangelical? and of a rejoinder to A Looker-on 
in Vienna; 40 pp.; Concord, New Ham.Dshire; 1853. . . . 
The Strong Staff Broken: In memory of Randall O. Pea- 
body, Esq., Franklin, New Hampshire., 24 pp.; 1855 .... 
Who i-^ Right? ?lKamination of the issues taken by Rev. 
A. Woodbury, with the Concord Young Men's Christian 
Association; 16 pp.; Concord, New Hampshire .... A 
Review of Ten Years' Pastorate at Franklin, New 

Hampshire; April 3, 1859 Patriotism and Piety: On 

the death of Franklin C. VVoodworth, of the New Hamp- 
shire Sharp-shooters; 1S62 .... Letter to Bangor's Cen- 
tennial; 1869 ... .Farewell Discourse at the close of a 
pastorate of twenty-five years in Franklin, New Hamp- 



shire, September 4, 1874. . . .The Church- of Christ at 
Godfrey, Illinois, and The, Monticello Female Seminary, 
a sermon jsreached in Godfrey; 16 pp.; Alton, Illinois, 
(877 . . . . Numerous reviews and essays in magazines and 
papers. 

Sawtelle, Mrs. E. W. Tappan (Hampden, now of 
Pomfret, Connecticut. Charity Chapters; 160 pp.; Bos- 
ton .... Pauline AVarden's New Life; 271 pp.; Boston 
. . . .Pen and Pencil Pictures; 270 pp.; Boston. 

Savward, Rev. John S. (Bangoi). Addresses and 
communications to agricultural papers. . . .Editor Bangor 
Whig and Courier. 

Seaman, Mrs. Sarah Emerv (Bangor). Hearts Un- 
veiled, or Pure Places for Pure Minds; 200 pp.; New 
York, 1850.... A French Grammar for Pupils in a 
Young Ladies' High School; 150 pp.; New York, 1851 
... .A contributor to The Emancipator, etc. 

Sewall, D. D., Rev. John S. (Professor in Theologi- 
cal Seminary, Bangor, from 1875). A Week's Adventure 
in Patchungson, and Morphino Somnia; in Knicker- 
bocker; New York, 1856 .... Life in the Steerage, Nos. i 
-7; Children's Friend, 1857-8 ... .The Prince and the 
Pilgrims; Boston, i860. . . .Tiie Pulpit, in the New Eng- 
lander; 1861 . . . .How to Come to Christ; Boston, 1862 
. . . .Christians on Furlough ; Boston, 1862 .... How to 
Accommodate a Worshiper; New Englander, 1S62.... 
Christ the Children's Guide; Boston, 1863. . . .Uses of 
History to the Preacher; New Englander, 1863.... 
Christ at the Door; Boston, 1865.... From Belief to 
Faith; Boston, 1866. . . .The Art of Expression; Maine 
journal of Education, 1869. . . .Stage Manners; Journal 
of Education, 1S70....A Study in Chinese History; 
New Englander, 1873. . . .Name-words in the Vernacu- 
lar; New Englander, 1873. . . .Review of Tylor's Primi- 
tive Culture; New Englander, 1S74. . . . Review of Robert 
Broundy; New Englander, 1S74 .... One hundred and 
;nore contributions to the religious press, to the Boston 
Journal, etc. 

Shaw, Rev. Frederick E. (Bangor). Contributor to 
papers, and editor of Christian Mirror, Portland and Ox- 
ford county pai.)er in Paris, each for a time. 

Shaw, Mrs. Sarah Ellen Benson (Bangor). News- 
paper and magazine articles. Her oldest daughter, Mary 
E., contributed to Arthur's Home Magazine and to the 
newspapers, and also wrote the operetta Vivia, which 
was published. Anoihei daughter, Harris E., has fur- 
nished prose and poetical articles for the newspapers. 
The youngest, Annie Deane, has contributed several 
stories and jioems for the Portland Transcript, The Con- 
gregationalist, and The Youth's Companion. 

Shepard, D. D., Rev. George (Professor in Theolog- 
ical Seminary, Bangor, 1836-68). The Divinity of Christ; 
47 pp.; Hallowell, 1832.. .Sermon before the Maine 
Missionary Society, at Bangor: Duly of Helping the 
Weak ; 13 pp.; Hallowell, 1835 . . . .Address to the Cali- 
fornia Pilgrims ; 7 pp.; Bangor, 1849. . . .Sermon before 
the American Board of Commissioners (or Foreign Mis- 
sions : The Moral Discipline of Giving; 24 pp.; Boston; 
two editions, 8vo and lamo; 1S58. . . .Early History of 
I Bangor; in Maine Evangelist, Lewiston, February, 1859 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



241 



. . . .In Memory of Rev. John Maltby, Bangor ; 20 pp.; 
i860. .. .Sermon at the Fifty-seventh Anniversary of 
Maine Missionary Society, at Searsport ; 19 pp.; Port- 
land, 1 864.... In Memory of Rev. Benjamin Tappan, 
D. D., Secretary Maine Missionary Society; 23 pp.; 
Portland, 1864. .. .Sermons, with portrait; 368 pp., 
i2mo.; Boston, 1868. 

S.\i.\LL, D. D., Rev. Albiox K. P. (Pastor First Bap- 
tist Church, Bangor, 1858-68). Address before the 
Penobscot Musical Association, of which he was Presi- 
dent ; Bangor, 1S61 .... Historical Discourse at the 
Semi-centennial Anniversary of the First Baptist Church, 
Bangor : 32 pp.; 1868 .... Memorial Sermon at the Cen- 
tennial Anniversary of First Baptist Church, Fall River, 
.Massachusetts; 20 pp.; Fall River, 1881. 

Smith, D. D., Rev. JoHiM (Professor in Bangor Theo- 
logical Seminary, 1819-31). Sermon at the Installation 
of Rev. Amasa Smith, North Yarmouth; 34 pp.; Port- 
land, 1806. . . .Fast Day Sermon; 20 pp.; Haverhill, New 
Hampshire, 1813 .. . .Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. 
Samuel H. Peckham, Gray ; 24 pp.; Portland, 1825. . . . 
Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. Isaac E. A\'ilkins, Gar- 
land ; 24 pp.; Portland, 1825 . . . .Sermon at the Ordina- 
tion of Rev. Henry White, Brooks and Jackson church ; 
24 pp.; Portland, 1825 . . . .Sermon at the Ordination of 
Rev. Nathaniel Wales, Belfast : 20 pp.; Belfast, 1828 
...Sermon at the Twenty-third Anniversary of the 
Maine Missionary Society, at Winthrop : Labor of Chris" 
tians for the Cause of Christ not in vain ; 20 pp.; Port- 
land, 1830. 

Smith, D. D., Rev. John Cotton (Rector St. John's 
Episcopal Church, 1849-51). Sermon before the An- 
cient and Honorable Artillery, Boston ; ;^t, pp.; Boston, 
1858. . . .Sermon at the Funeral in Ipswich of Mrs. Car- 
oline S. F"itz ; Boston, 1862 .... Miscellanies, Old and 
New, containing Gladstone's Homer and th.e Homeric 
Age .... Suspense and Restoration of Faith .... O.xford 
Essays .... Baden-Powell on Miracles ...The United 
States a Nation .... Evolution and a Personal Creator 
....Christ and Modern Thought, 1S81 ... .Articles in 
magazines and papers. 

Smith, Rev. Joseph (Bangor). Sermon at the Si.xty- 
fifth Anniversary of the Maine Missionary Society, at 
Skowhegan ; 12 pp.; Portland, 1872. 

Smyth, D. D., Newm.\n (Pastor of First Congrega- 
tional Church, Bangor, 1870-75). The Religious Prin- 
ciple in American Politics; 18 pp.; Quincy, Illinois, 
1876. . . .Religious Feeling: A Study for Faith: 350 pp.; 
New York, 1877. . . .Old Faith in New Tights; 391 pp., 
i2mo; New York, 1879 . . . .The Orthodox Theology of 
To-day: Six Sermons; New York, 1881. 

Snow, Rev. Benjamin G. (Brewer, missionary at 
the Micronesian Islands, 1851 to 1877). No written 
form of the language of the islands having been made, 
-Mr. Snow prepared an alphabet and primary books, ad- 
ding others from time to time, until a literature was es- 
tablished. In June, i860, he had issued from his hand 
press no less than 70,000 pages of elementary books for 
the education of the people. A sermon preached in 
Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, was published in Portland, 



1865 .. . .Articles appeared in the Missionary Herald, in 
the religious journals and other newspapers. 

Snow, George W. (Bangor). Poems, in blank 
verse, for New Year's, temperance, Masonic, and other 
special occasions. The first was written in 1823 during 
the Greek Revolution: Address to Greece. . . .The first 
published was a Poem before a Literary Debating Club, 
in pamphlet form, 1835 • • • ■ -A. Poem on Temperance in 
the Georgia Mirror, a literary paper in Augusta, Georgia, 
1838... The Progress of Temperance, revised, ap- 
peared in 1874 in fifty-five stanzas, heroic verse, with an 
addenda in other style .... Tempest Driven appeared in 
Native Poets of Maine, 1851 ... .Contributions were 
made to Lady's Companion, Philadelphia, Christian 
Union, and Bangor Whig.... In preparation, The 
Martyrdom of De Molay, Grand Master Knights Tem- 
plars. 

St.anwooti, Miss Ett.\ H. (Bangor). Various articles, 
especially sketches for youth .... Assistant Editor Chris- 
tian Mirror, Portland, Maine. 

STE.A.RNS, D. D., Rev. Lewis F. (Professor in Bangor 
Seminary from 1881). Inaugural Address at Bangor, 
1881 ... .Address on the New Revised Version of the 
New Testament; 12 pp.; Bangor, i88r. 

Ste\v.\rt, Rev. S.a.muel J. (Pastor Unitarian Church, 
Bangor, from February, 1880). To Non-conforming 
Churchmen, in Christian Union, New York, October 16, 
1878. . . .Letter of resignation at Fitchburg, Massachu- 
sett.= ; 27 pp.; December, 1S79. .. .The Moral and Re- 
ligious Outloot;; 21 pp.; Fitchburg, December, 1879 

The Indefiniteness of Orthodoxy; 29 pp.; Bangor, 1881. 

Morality ; 23 pp.; Bangor, May, 1881 The Bible, 

What it is, and How it Grew; Bangor, June, 1881. 

Talcott, D. D., Rev. Daniel S. (Professor in the 
Bangor Theological Seminary, 1839-81). Sermon at 
the Forty-ninth Anniversary of the Maine Missionary 
Society in Calais: The Prayer of Christ that His Dis- 
ciples Might all be One; 36 pp.; Portland, 1856.... 
Memorial of Professor George Shepard, prefixed to the 
volume of his sermons; Boston, 1869. . . .Jesus Christ 
Himself the AU-sufificient Evidence of Christianity; 
Boston Lectures, p. 403-464; Boston, 1871 . . . .Several 
articles in the .Vmerican Edition of Smith's Bible Dic- 
tionary; Boston, 1870. 

Tappan, D. D., Rev. Benjamin (Pastor Congrega- 
tional Church, Hampden, 1838-48). Essay on the 
Agency of Miraculous Powers in the Establishment and 
Propagation of Christianity, in Literary and Theological 
Review; 28 pp.; 1837 .... Review of Dr. Enoch 
Hord's Lectures on Pastoral Theology, Biblical Re- 
pository; 16 pp.; January, 1845 .... Discourse occa- 
sioned by the death of Deacon Chester Adam.s, preached 
in \Mnthrop Church, Charlestown, Massachusetts; 24 
pp.; Boston, 1-855 A Sketch of Dr. Arnold's Theo- 
logical Opinions, Bibliotheca Sacra; 25 pp.; January, 
1858 ... . Discourse in Commemoration of Deacon E. P. 
Mackintyre; Charlestown, 20 pp., 1864. . . . Biographical 
Sketch of Rev. Benjamin Tappan, D. D., Augusta, 
Congregational Quarterly; 33 pp.; Boston, April, 1865. 
Tefft, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Benjamin F. (Bangor 



242 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



and Brewer). The North : A poem ; 16 pp.; 1835 .... 
Support of the Gospel: A tract ; 4 pp.; 1836.... True 
Greatness; On the Centennary of Methodism; 24 pp.; 
Bangor, 1839 . . . .The Perfect Church ; 24 pp.; Bangor, 
1840. . . Oration on the Death of President Harrison; 
18 pp.; Bangor, 1841 . . . .Literature of the Bible; 22 pp.; 
1842.... A Dialogue for Sabbath-schools: A Poem; 
1842... The Far West: A College Oration; 49 pp.; 
1844.... Our Young Men: An Oration ; 24 pp.; 1845 
. . . .Ladies' Repository (Editor), six volumes; 1846-52; 
The editorial articles afterwards appearing in book form 
....Prison Life; one volume; Cincinnati, 1847... 
Analysis of Butler's Analogy, with Life; Cincinnati, 
1848. . . .Harris's Mammon, Notes and Life, 1849. • • ■ 
Shoulder Knot: A Story; 305 pp.; New York ; 1850. . . . 
Hungary and Kossuth, or a History of the Hungarian 
Revolution; 378 pp.; Philadelphia, 1852 .... Webster 
and His Masterpieces; two volumes; Auburn, New 
York, 1852 . . . .Oration on the Death of Daniel Webster; 
32 pp.; 1852. . . .Inaugural Address as President of the 
College in Genesee, New York, now Syracuse University; 
1852 . . . . Editor National New Yorker ; one volume; 508 
pp.; 1854; Editor's articles subsequently in book form 
.... Methodism Successful ; one volume, 588 pp. ; New 
York, i860.... The Present Crisis; 22 pp.; Bangor, 
1861 . . . .Boreal Lights; twenty-four numbers, 450 pp. ; 
1862-64. . . Oration at Consecration of Soldiers' Monu- 
ment, Brewer; 24 pp.; Bangor, 1866 .... Northern 
Border, Editor; five volumes; Bangor, 1873-77.... 
Worthley Brook Sketches ; twenty numbers ; volumes 
1877-81 . . . .Our Political Parties ; 84 pp.; 1880. 

Th.\tcher, Benj.^min Bussev (Bangor). Biography 
of the Indians; two volumes, pp. 324, 319; New York, 
1832 .... Indian Traits ; 234 pp.; New York, 1840. . . . 
Twilight Musings; Bird of the Bastile ; Weep Not for 
the Dead; I Will Remember Thee; To a Sister; 13 pp. 
in Native Poets of Maine ; 1 851 ... . Editor in Boston, 
and contributor to various journals and magazines. 

Thurston, Rev. Rich.\rd B. (Bangor). A prize essay 
on the Slavery Question .... Two sermons in National 
Preacher, New York. . . .Several in pamphlet form. . . . 
Papers prepared for the Congregational State Confer- 
ences of Massachusetts and Connecticut. . . .On the Na- 
tional Council, in Congregational Quarterly, 187 1 ... .A 
considerable number of miscellaneous articles for various 
weekly papers in the course of thirty years. 

Trafton, D. D., Rev. Mark (Bangor). Rambles in 
Europe; 377 pp., i2mo.; Boston, 1852.... The Safe 
Investment, or Systematic Beneficence, 38 pp.: Boston, 
1856. . . .Baptism: Its Subjects and Mode; second edi- 
tion, 91 pp.; Boston, 1870. . . .Scenes in My Life, during 
a ministry of nearly half a century; 349 pp., i2mo.; 
Boston, 1878. . . .A Sketch of the History of Maine, in 
Crocker's History of New England ; 9 pp., quarto, double 
columns; Boston, 1879. 

Valentine, Elliot (Teacher in Bangor, 1840-55). 
Mental Arithmetic, 100 pp., i8mo; Bangor, 1840. 

Wakefield, Mrs. Lucv F. (Bangor). F'ugitive pieces 
— among them: Fremont, the Pathfinder, in Bangor 
Whig, September, 1861, just after the proclamation issue^j 



by him emancipating the slaves in Missouri .... Histor- 
cal verses entitled "1769-1869," for Bangor's Centennial; 
also, for the same, "Penjejawock," named from the 
stream emptying into the Penobscot two miles above 
Kenduskeag bridge, the locality where was the site of the 
first framed house buiit in Bangor, and in the neighbor- 
hood of the author's home; the Devil's Rock, of early 
tradition; and a few rods above this, the beautifully 
wooded eminence, now known as Mt. Hope Cemetery; 
published in Centennial volume, 1869. . . .The Haunted 
House, a legend of the old first framed house ; Bangor 
Whig, February 24, 1870. . . .The Deer Hunt, in Whig, 
March, 1873, containing an appeal to sportsmen to spare 
those beautiful and harmless animals, which at that time 
were in danger of being exterminated from the State. 

Washburn, Hon. Israel, Jr. (Orono). The Power 
and Duty of Congress in Respect to Suffrage, 21 pp.; 
Boston, Massachusetts, 1869.... From the Northwest 
to the Sea, 11 pp.; Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1873.... 
Notes of Livermore, Maine, 169 pp.; Portland, 1874 
....Centennial of Orono, Maine, 168 pp.; Portland, 
1874. . . . Dedication of the Soldiers' Monument at Clier- 
ryfield, Maine, July 4, 43pp.; Portland, 1874.... Me- 
moir of Hon. Ether Shepley, LL. D., included in volume 
8 Maine Historical Collections; Portland, 1881 . . . .The 
Northeastern Boundary, vol. 8 Maine Historical Collec- 
tions, 106 pp.; Portland, 1881 . . . .Among his prominent 
speeches, published while Representative in Congress 
from the Fourth District in Maine, were: Plan for short- 
ening the transit between New York and London; 1852 
... .The Compromise as a National Party Test; 1852 
....The Sandwich Islands; 1854.... On the Bill to 
Organize Territorial Government in Nebraska and Kan- 
sas; 1854.... On the President's Message Vetoing the 
French Spoliations Bill; 1855. . . .The Kansas Contest- 
ed Election; 1856.... The Politics of the Country; 
1856. . . .The President's Message on the Slavery Ques- 
tion; 1856. . . . Kansas and the Lecompton Constitution; 
1857.... The Republican Party; 1858.... The Issues: 
The Dred-Scoit Decision; i860; — all the above published 
in Washington .... Addresses to the Legislature of Mine 
while Governor of the State, January 3, February 22, 
April 22, 1861; January 2, 1862; published in Augusta 
. . . .Political speeches, August, 1855, published in Port- 
land and elsewhere; October, 1855, in Boston Atlas and 
elsewhere .... Addresses in Oldtown, July 4, 1858; in 
Portland, July 4, 1862, and July 4, 1865; on Peace, at 
Portland, in Advocate of Peace, 1874; in Orono, before 
the State College, on the Laws of Success, 1875.... 
Articles in the Universalist Quarterly Review: Charles 
Lamb; Walter Savage Landor; Modern Civilization; 
The Logic and the End of the Rebellion ; Dr. Gamaliel 
Bailey; Compulsory Education, etc. 

Webster, Mrs. Mary Moulton (Bangor). A con- 
tributor of occasional and fugitive articles that were al- 
ways welcome and attained great celebrity, though the 
writer was unknown to the public. In Voices of the 
Kenduskeag, 1848, appeared A Simple Sketch of Simple 
Things, 2 1 pp. 

Wheeler, Rev. Crosby H. (Hampden and Bangor; 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



243 



missionary in Turkey from 1857). Ten Years on the 
Euphrates, or Primitive Missionary Policy Illustrated, 
with maps and engravings, 330pp.; Boston, 1866.... 
Letters from Eden, with engravings, 432 pp.; Boston, 
186!:). .. .Little Children in Eden, 157 pp.; Portland, 
1876. .. .Contributor to Missionary Herald, and to 
magazines and newspapers in America, Europe, and 
Asia. 

Wheeler, Mrs. Susan A. (Bangor; missionary in 
Turkey from 1857). Grace Illustrated, or a Boquet 
from our Missionary Garden, 352 pp.; Boston, 1876. . . . 
Daughters of Armenia, 157 pp.; New York, 1877.... 
Contributor to Life and Light, Boston, and Christian 
Mirror, Portland, etc. 

Whipple, Joseph. A Geographical View of the Dis- 
trict of Maine, with particular reference to its internal 
resources, including the History of Acadia, Penobscot 
River and Bay, with Statistical Tables; 102 pp., 8vo; 
Peter Edes, Bangor, 181 6. One of the very first books 
printed in the Penobscot Valley. • 

VViGGix, Albert C. (Bangor). History of Castine. . 
. . History of Waldo County, in Crocker's History of 
New England, 9 pp., quarto, double columns, 1880. . . . 
Fugitive Pieces .... City Editor of Bangor Commercial. 

WiGGiN, Edw.\ri) (Bangor). Poems, Essays, Lec- 
tures, Addresses, etc.; among them: Epistle to Doria, 
in David Barker's volume of Poems; Jim Black; Mince 
Pie as my Mother. Made it, etc., chiefly in newspapers. 

WiLLL\Ms, Smith (Exeter ; one of the early school- 
teachers). Published The Universal Spelling Book, 
embracing the rudiments of letters, and developing the 
principles of pionunciation in a manner never before 
attempted, etc., 216 pp.; Philadelphia, 1831. 

WiLLi.A.MS, Rev. Thom.\s (Pastor of First Congrega- 
tional Church, Brewer, 1S13-22). Sermon before the 
Maine Missionary Society, at its Twepty-fifth Anniversary 
in Wiscasset: Theme, Wisdom in Winning Souls, 17 pp.; 
Portland, 1832. 

WiLKiNS, Mrs. Laur.\ Hatch (Bangor). Kate Parker, 
464 pp.; Boston, 1874 .... Madge Markland, 320 pp., 
i2mo., 1881 .... Fugitive Pieces in magazines and 
papers. 

Williamson, Hon. \\ii.liam D. (Postmaster, Bangor, 
1810-20; Judge of Probate, Penobscot County, 1824- 
1839; etc.). Speeches in Congress when Representative, 
1821-22; these attracted considerable attention.... 
A History of the State of Maine, from its first discovery 
A. D. 1602 to the separation A. D. 1820, — vol. I., 696 
pp., 8vo; vol. II., 729 pp.. 8vo; Hallowell, 1832.... 
A New Impression of the same, 1839. 

Wilson, D. D., Rev. Ada.m (Pastor First Baptist 
Church, Bangor, 1838-41, and a resident previously). 
Several Addresses and Sermons Published .... Editor 
Zion's Advocate, Portland. 

Wilson, Amanda M. (Bangor). A newspaper article 
now and then, and a few poems. 

Wines, Rev. Abijah (Professor in Bangor Theological 
Seminary, 1817-19). Human Depravity, 40 pp.; Mid- 
dleton, Vermont, 1803.... Vain Amusements, 40pp.; 
Windsor, Vermont .... Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. 



Benjamin Sawyer, Cape Elizabeth; The Perfection of 
the Divine Government, 24 pp.; Portland, 1809. . . .The 
mere Amiable Man no Christian, 26 pp.; Portland, 
1828. 

^VooDHULL, Mrs. Sarah F. (Bangor). Fugitive pieces, 
and others for special occasions, written amidst the cares 
and responsibilities of everyday duties, oftentimes as a 
relief from them, and expressive of the thoughts and 
feelings that plead for expression in words. Among 
them: A Plea for Colleges for Females, which appeared 
in Mrs. Hale's Literary Magazine .... Articles on Wo- 
man's Spheres: Not "Rights," but Privileges. . . .Several 
tales and poems for the Bangor Clarion, Charles Gil- 
man editor 1829, etc; among them a jirize tale entitled, 
"Foundling of the Forest," also a sketch in poetry, 
"The Whippoorwill," and "The Female Missionary". . . . 
Articles appeared in Mrs. Hale's Magazine, Mrs. Steph- 
ens's Magazine, and The Eastern Magazine; also in relig- 
ious papers, mostly for the Mirror, at Portland. Some 
of the titles of poems were — The Indian's Lament, 1834; 
My Country (on slavery), 1834; Ode on the Challenge 
of Cilley, afterwards sung at his burial in Thomaston; 
On to Victory (temperance); Ode for Dedication of 
Thomaston Academy; They Tell Me I must Die; The 
Young Mother; The Patient Sufferer; Thoughts Sug- 
gested by the Burial of a Schoolmate, 1844; Carriers' Ad- 
dresses 1836, 1852; On the Death of a Daughter of 
General Kno.x, and the Condition of the Knox Mansion 
in Thomaston, 1853; The Morning Star, 1856; New 
England's Snows, 1855-56; The Mother's Idol, 1859; 
Three Indian Summer Songs; Questionings and i\ngel 
Ministries; Nobody Called Me Darling; Two Golden 
Wedding Hymns, one in 1880; Installation Hymns; 
On the Death of Lincoln, 1865; My Home, in June, 
1861; The Marble Bust, 1868; The Dew Drop Mission; 
Two Hymns for Bangor's Centennial, 1869; Half-Cen- 
tury of Bangor's Seminary, 1870; Under the Snow, 1873. 

Woods, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Leonard (Professor in 
Bangor Seminary, 1835-39. President Bowdoin College, 
1839-66). Review of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, New 
Monthly; Boston, 1828 .... Lectures on Christian The- 
ology, by George C. Knapp, translated from the German; 
2 vols., 8vo. ; 1831 . . . .Theology and Natural Science: 
Review of Bretschneider's Letter to a Statesman, translated 
from the German; Literary and Theological Review, 
New York; Vol. x Review of Olshausen's Commen- 
tary on the New Testament; Vol. i . . . . A Suffering and 
Atoning Messiah Taught in the Old Testament, trans- 
lated from Hengstenberg's Christologie; Vol. i 

Christianity and Philosophy, two articles; Vol. i . . . .Re- 
view of Goethe's Works ; Vol. 2 . . . . Political and Eccle- 
siastical Reform; Vol. 2 .... Radicalism, two articles; 
Vols. 2 and 3 . . . . Unity of the Church in Doctrine, 
translated from D'Aubigne, two articles; Vol. 3.... 
Christian Union, two articles; Vol. 3.... Society of 
United Brethren ; Vol. 3 . . . . Contrast Between the Lu- 
theran and Calvinistic Theories of Election, translated 
from Schleiermacher, with introductory notice; Vol. 4 
. . . .Thoughts on the New Haven Theology; Vol. 5 . . . . 
Remarks on President Day on the Will; Vol. 5.... 



24.1 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOr COUNTY, MAINE. 



Faith, three articles; Vols. 5 and 6.. ..Neglect of the 
Classics in the Literary Institutions of Our Country; 
Vol. 6. . . .Letters tea Southerner, three articles; Vol. 6. 
All the above from "Theology and Natural Science" in 
Literary and Theological Review ... Eulogy on Daniel 



Webster, by request of the city government and citizens 
of Portland; 1852. . . .Address on tlie Life and Charac- 
ter of Professor Parker Cleaveland, with a portrait of 
Mr. Cleaveland; i860. ... Address on Opening the 
New Hall for the Maine Medical School; 1862. 










Br-. 







lif [ 






3^-6^ 



fc '■<■ 










m 



STORY OF Penobscot County 



TOWNS AND VILLAGES. 



ALTON, 



The common statement is tlint Alton is eighteen miles 
north of Bangor. But the points in these towns most 
widely separated are but little more than that distance 
apart. It is about eighteen miles from the confines of 
Bangor city proper to the north line of Alton town. We 
shall, in this book, make a special effort to correct the 
current loose assertions regarding distances in Penobscot 
county. Taking Bangor as the point of departure in all 
directions, we shall reckon the distance of any town from 
it by the length of a straight line uniting their nearest 
points, without reference to wagon roads or railroads, or 
the interruption of lakes and rivers. Thus Alton is but 
eight miles from Bangor — that is to say, the south line of 
Alton is separated about eight miles from the north line 
of Bangor, between which and it lie Oldtown and the 
narrow part of Orono alone. 

Alton is bounded on the north by Lagrange, the north- 
ernmost town in the county of this tier of townships; on 
the east by Birch .Stream, beyond which lies Argyle ; on 
the south by Oldtown ; and on the west by Hudson and 
Bradford. Its boundaries are right lines upon three 
sides, but the fourth side is made irregular and Irortuous 
by the course of the Birch Stream. This water, running 
in a general course of south-southeast, narrows the width 
of the town from six and two-thirds miles on the south 
line to six and one-tenth when about three-fifths of the 
way up its length, and to about three and one-third miles 
on the north boundary. The length of the town, on the 
western limit, is a little less than nine miles; but as the 
north line runs due east and west, and the southern ' 
boundary a little south of east (or north of west), the 
town lengthens out somewhat as it stretches eastward, 
until, on a line drawn due south from the point where 
Birch Stream enters Lagrange, the extreme length of the 
town is about a furlong greater. 

This boundary water heads, in its west branch, near 
the north and west lines of the county, in Lagrange town, 
and its eastern fork about three miles to the southeast. 
The branches unite two miles above .A.lton, and flow 
thence in tolerably straight current to the junction with 
the Stillwater, at a mouth opposite the northernmost 
point of Orson Island, in Oldtown. A mile below the 
north line of Alton it receives the petty tributary known 
as Ten-mile Brook, which has its source in Pickerel 
Pond, a sheet of water about three-fourths of a mile long 
by one-fourth broad, almost in the exact geographical 
centre of the town. A mile east of the lower part of this 
is Holland Pond, in which the McKechnie Brook takes 
its rise, flowing thence in a south and southeasterly 
course nearly four miles to another stream, watering the 
southeast of the town, by which it reaches Birch Stream. 



Haifa mile southwest of Pickerel Pond is another dimin- 
utive lake, called Pug Pond, in which the Pug Brook 
makes a start, running thence south into Oldtown. A 
larger brook than any of these is the Dead Stream, whose 
headwaters are in the northeast corner of Bradford and 
in Lagrange, west of the post-office of that name. In a 
nearly due south course it intersects the entire western 
part of Alton, near the west boundary, dipping over into 
Bradford for a very short distance, near the southeast 
corner of that tract. When about two-thirds of the way 
down the town, it is broadened into a mill pond, and fur- 
nishes motive power to a saw- and shingle-mill and a 
tannery. Near the south line of the town it enters Pushaw 
Stream, a bend of which, about a mile in length, also 
lies within its territory. West of the Dead Stream the 
Pushaw receives another but very small tributary, which 
waters the southwest corner of the town. Two and a 
half miles north of the Pickerel Pond is a very small lake, 
with a short outlet into Ten-mile Brook. iNLnnsell Pond, 
half a mile southwest of Holland Pond, has an outlet of 
about a mile length into the McKechnie Brook. 

The entire town is intersected almost diagonally by the 
Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad, almost ten miles of 
whose track lie within it. The Alton Station is between 
Holland Pond and the wagon road, which follows the 
railway with general parallelism. Here the post-office is 
kept by Mrs. A. T. McKechnie. The only through 
road from north to south of the town pursues a some- 
what zigzag course, but keeping pretty near the railroad 
' all the way. Its route is upon the remarkable ridge or 
" horseback," which, beginning at the great bend of the 
Penobscot in Veazie, pursues a northerly direction 
through that town, Orono, Oldtown, Alton, and La- 
grange. Most of the settlements in the town are upon 
this road : and they are quite numerous on that section 
of it south of Holland Pond. One public school-house 
is situated upon it, about a mile and a half above its en- 
trance into the town ; School No. 2 is a little more than 
two miles north of it, at Mansell Pond ; and School 
No. 4 six miles further, near the north line. The Good 
Templars' Hall was also built on this road, a little below 
the school-house at Mansell Lake ; and the Town Farm 
is half a mile below that. A few hundred yards above 
the Farm, at a building in which a store was formerly 
kept, a branch road takes a bee-line almost due westward 
to Dead Stream, near the tannery and -saw-mill of Mr. 
George Milliken, running thence to the town line. An- 
other road starts from the Milliken neighborhood and 
runs southwest a mile and a half to a junction with the 
Hudson and Orono road, which cuts across the south- 
west corner of Alton, crossing the Pushaw Stream in this 



»47 



248 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



town. Upon the former road is School-house No. 6, 
about half a mile below the mills. There is considerable 
settlement in this part of Alton, and also in the short 
section of the town traversed by the road to Orono. 
Something more than a mile north of Holland Pond 
another road diverges from the highway along the rail- 
road, and runs off northwest through Bradford and 
Charleston. Still another wagon-road comes into the 
town from the river-road in Argyle, leaving that road at 
School No. 2, a point nearly opposite the Greenbush 
post-office, and, after about a mile's progress in Alton, 
enters the main road in this town just above' Mansell 
Pond. 

The surface of .Mton is generally level, and much of 
it is in meadow ; but the soil of this tract is not very 
rich. Its people, however, are mostly given to farming, 
but few manufactures having yet got in, though a tannery 
was formerly located on the Dead Stream, and a saw-and 
shingle-mill is still kept running by Mr. (ieorge Milliken. 
There is one general store in the town, kept at present 
by Hiram C. Judkins, Esq., one of the Justices of the 
Peace and of the Quorum. 

Alton also derives some industrial and commercial im- 
portance from the fact that its waters furnish the termi- 
nus and rafting-place of the Upi)er Benobscot Boom. 

This region was originally known as Birch Stream Set- 
tlement. Stephen Tourtelott and his family were the 
pioneers upon the present tract of Alton. He came in 
1818, and built the first log cabin or other civilized hab- 
itation in this part of the county. Three years after- 
wards, in 1821, came Mr. Anniel Rand, whose son 
Hiram has been for more than half a century a resident 
of the region. George H. McKechnie, Esq., is another 
of the early settlers. He is still residing here, and is the 
only Trial Justice of the Peace in the town. 

.\lton was originally a part of the Argyle Plantation, 
which extended to the Penobscot, and was subsequently 
a part of Argyle town. Five years after the erection of 
the latter — that is to say, on the 9th of March, 1844 — 
the present, town was set off from iVrgyle under the 
name of Alton. Its population at that time was not far 
from 200. By the census of 1850 it had 252 people; 
by that of i860, it had 531; of 1870, 508; and in 1880, 
419. Its polls in 1S60 numbered 127: in 1870, just the 



same; in 1880, 116. The valuation of its estates in the 
first-named year was $58,184; in the second, $116,362; 
and in the third, $78,959. 

The latest report of public oflficers-elect at this writing 
[October, 1881,] is as follows: George Milliken, George 

A. Severance, J. D. Sargent, Selectmen; Frank D. Bow- 
ley, Town Clerk; Melville Crawford, Treasurer; Araasa 
Hatch, Jr.; Collector; O. E. Gerry, A. Hatch, Jr., H. 
C. Judkins; Constables; D. M. Dunham, School Super- 
visor; Hiram Judkins, F. D. Bowley, Quorum; G H. Mc- 
Kechnie, Trial; Justices. 

Among the few institutions yet organized in this town 
is the Alton Lodge of the Independent Order of Good 
Templars, which meets on Saturday evenings. 

Mr. George H. McKechnie, of Alton, is a son of 
Joseph and Electa P. McKechnie, of Athens, Maine. 
The elder McKechnie was a native of Waterville, in this 
State. His father, John McKechnie, was a native of 
Scotland, and a physician. His wife was of Irish 
descent. Her family name was North, and she was a 
sister to Judge North, formerly of Augusta. Joseph and 
Electa McKechnie had nine children, viz.: Orinda M., 
Hiram A. B., Charles E., Harry, Mary A., George H., 
Horace S., Susan E., and Joseph J. Mr. McKechnie 
died April 6, 1846, and Mrs. McKechnie, June 14, i86i. 
He was a farmer and lumberman. George H. McKech- 
nie was born May 3, 18 10, in Athens, Maine. He 
moved to Alton m 1833. Before this he worked two 
years in a store in Athens. He married Miss Eleanor E. 
Leighton, daughter of Samuel Leighton, of Holden, in 
this county. They have had seven children, five of 
whom are now living, viz: Elbridge W., of Sangerville, 
Maine; George B., of Alton; Sarah E., wife of Horace L. 
McKechnie, of Alton; Edward L., of Alton, and Anna 

B. They lost one in early life, and Delia F., who mar- 
ried Willard F. Snow, is also deceased. Mr. McKechnie 
has held various town offices, having served as Select- 
man, Treasurer, and Collector in his town. He has 
served over twenty years as Trial Justice. In 1S66 he 
was sent to the Legislature as Representative from his 
district. He is at ]3resent a farmer, and always has been 
more or less, though engaged some in lumbering and in- 
surance business. 



ARGYLE. 



Argyle is the companion town to Alton, and formerly 
included it in the same municipality. It lies upon the 
same side of the Penobscot and in very nearly the same 
dimension of length, with only the comparatively narrow 
water of the Birch Stream separating them. It is bounded 
upon the west by Alton, on the northwest by Lagrange, 
and the north by Edinburg, on the east by the Penobscot 
River, beyond which lie Greenbush and a short breadth 
of Milford, and on the south by that part of Oldtown 
lying north and northeast of Orson Island. Its nearest 
distance to Bangor — that is, from the southwest corner 
of Argyle to the northeast corner of Bangor — is eight and 
one-fourth miles. The greatest breadth of the town is at 
the north line, between the Penobscot and Birch waters, 
where it is about eight miles; the narrowest at the south 
boundary and upon a line drawn I'rom a little bay in the 
Penobscot below the mouth of the Hemlock Stream and 
opposite the foot of Cow Island. On both of these 
lines the width is but two and one-third miles. It is 
thus one of the smaller towns in the county, but by no 
means the least important. Opposite its eastern front, in 
the river, more than forty of the islands of the Indian 
reservation are thickly scattered, several of them nearly 
or quite a mile in length. The principal islands in this 
stretch of the river, coming down the stream, are Olemon, 
Sugar, Birch, Hemlock, Cow, Jackson, White Squaw, 
Freese's, and the Ten Islands, Some of the islets are 
made highly useful in the booming and rafting operations 
on the river, and the tribe has derived small sums in 
shore rents therefrom. Formerly a small steamer plied 
in good stages of water on this part of the river, and for 
some distance further up. 

Besides the Penobscot River on the east and the 
Birch Stream on the other side of the tow^n, the waters 
of .\rgyle are exceedingly insignificant. The Hemlock 
Stream rises near the pond in the northern part of La- 
grange, and flows in a southeasterly direction across Ed- 
inburg into .\rgyle, through which it flows about eight 
miles into the Penobscot opposite the middle of Hem- 
lock Island. Into a little inlet of the river, nearly oppo- 
site Olemon Island, in the northeastern part of the 
town, flows Hart Brook, which rises in the southeast 
corner of Piscataquis county, a little north of Lagrange, 
and also flows across Edinburg and for about a mile in 
this town. Half a mile above it, and parallel with it, a 
very small tributary flows to the Penobscot. Two miles 
south of the Hemlock Stream, another rivulet of about 
two miles' length debouches into the river. 

No railroad yet touches Argyle; but the trains of 
the European and North American, near the opposite 
bank of the river, afford its inhabitants sufficient accom- 



modations for the present. Communication across the 
Penobscot is so far by small boats. 

Argyle has but one great highway, the river road or 
county road to Oldtown, hugging pretty closely the bank 
of the stream through its course of eleven miles in this 
town. This is also known as the old stage road from 
Oldtown to Edinburg. Upon this road is settled very 
nearly the entire population of Argyle. Upon it are 
the only school-houses in the town — No. 4, a little below 
the mouth of Hoyt Brook; another with an adjacent 
cemetery and a shingle mill in the vicinity on the west of 
the road, a little above the mouth of Hemlock Stream; 
another (No. 2) at the junction of the east and west 
road about to be described; and still another (No. 7) a 
little more than a mile north of the south line of the 
town. Upon this road, half a mile above No. 2 school- 
• house, is also the post-office, kept by Mr. Alexander 
McKay. Nearly two-thirds of a mile up the road from 
School No. 7 is another cemetery, and a little more than 
this distance above the cemetery is the Argyle Boom, to 
which a short road runs from the county road. A saw 
and shingle mill, turning out boards, shingles, and spool 
stock, is run by Isaac Foster upon the Hart Brook, half 
a mile above its mouth. The shingle mill formerly 
mentioned as on Hemlock Stream is conducted by Gil- 
man Comstock.' 

The only road across the town — and this does not run 
to the river by one-third of a mile — is that leaving the 
county road at school-house No. 2, and running nearly 
due west across the Birch Stream to the main road in 
Argyle. 

The surface of Argyle bears a common resemblance to 
that of its neighbor Alton in levelness and general in- 
difference of soil. It is swMmpy in some places. Much 
of the land, however, is fertile, and produces good crops 
of hay and grain. 

A Methodist society has been organized in the town, 
but its pulpit has not been regularly supplied of late. 
The temperance interest, however, is kept alive by two 
lodges of the Independent Order of Good Templars, 
bearing, respectively, the suggestive and fitting names of 
"Wide Awake" (No. 248) and Phceni.x (No. 268). Both 
of these meet on Saturday evenings. There was also, 
we believe, formerly a Freewill Bajxist Church in the 
town. 

In addition to the mills before mentioned, the trade 
and coirimerce of the town are stimulated by two general 
stores kept by Miss Lucy A. Bussell and Mr. \Villiam 
W, Spencer. The Argyle Boom is one of the largest and 
most important on the Penobscot. 

Argyle was a part of the ancient Birch Stream Settle- 



25° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ment and of the subsequent Argyle Plantation. Their 
history, as before given, is in good part that of Argyle. 
Among the earliest settlers upon this part of the old 
town, coming about 1810, was John Buzzell, a grandson 
of the Penobscot pioneer of 1769, who built the first 
house in Bangor. Another old settler was William 
Foster, of Bradley, a pioneer of i<Si5. The Plantation, 
then including Alton also, was incorporated as a town 
March 19, 1839, and the town of Argyle was reduced to 
its present dimensions by the carving from its territory of 
the town of Alton, March 9, 1844. This will account 
for the reduction of its population from 527 in 1840 to 
338 in 1850. As the population of Alton in the latter 
year was 252, it appears that the population of the orig- 
inal town, had it remained intact, would have been 590 
in the same year, a good percentage of increase on the 
census of 1840. In i860 the people of the reduced 
Argyle numbered 379; in 1870, 307; and in 1880, 285. 
Polls in i860, 87; in 1870, 85; 1880, 92. Estates in 
these years, respectively, $38,718, $51,502, and $50,389. 
The following-named are the public officers of the 
town in October, 1881: Isaac F. Buzzell, Jr., G. W. 
Freese, and W. F. Oakes, Selectmen; Samuel L. Freese, 
Town Clerk; Alexander McKay, Treasurer; H. W. Marsh, 
Oilman Comstock, and William W. Spencer, Constables; 
William W. Spencer, Collector; Stephen J. Buzzell, 
School Supervisor; Isaac Foster, Justice. 

Mr. Alexander McKay joins to his duties as Treasurer 
of the town a service under Federal appointment as 
Postmaster. 

Isaac F. Buzzell, Esq., of Argyle, is a son of John and 
Sarah Buzzell {nee Sarah Freeze). John Buzzell was one 
of the early settlers. His father, Stephen Buzzell, was 
a son of Jacob Buzzell, who built the first house in Ban- 
gor. John and Sarah Buzzell had thirteen children, 
eight sons and five daughters, viz : Stephen, of Argyle ; 
Lucy, deceased ; John, deceased ; Isaac F.; George, de- 
ceased ; Lydia, wife of James B.; Fernald, of Argyle ; 
Nancy, wife of Abner Spencer ; William, deceased ; 
Sarah, deceased ; Alfred, now of Argyle ; and Isaiah, 
deceased. Two died while young. Mr. Buzzell was a 
farmer and lumberman. He died in 1840; Mrs. 
Buzzell died in 1854. Isaac F. Buzzell was 
born October 3, i8o8, in Milford, ere the town 
was incorporated or the State became such. He first 
engaged in lumbering on becoming of age. He has al- 
ways lived in Argyle since he was two years of age. 
He has followed lumbering and farming all his life. 
He married Adeline Orr, daughter of Clement and 
Nancy Orr, of Oldtown. They have had eleven chil- 
dren, viz : James, now of Milford ; Hannah, wife of 
Samuel Lowe, of Milford; Lucy; George, in Milford; 
Nancy, deceased ; Isaac, of Argyle ; John, also of Ar- 
gyle ; Adeline, now Mrs. Leroy Sanborn, of Argyle ; Ar- 
thur, of Argyle ; and Evealyn, wife of Isaac Sanborn, of 
Stillwater. One died in infancy, and one in early life. 
Mr. Buzzell has held all the prominent town offices at 
different times. He has been postmaster, justice, etc. 
He represented his class in the Legislature the year that 
Hugh J. Anderson was Governor. He has a very good 



farm of one hundred acres on the bank of the Penobscot, 
with a good equipment of farm buildings. He has, as 
his record shows, been for a long time one of the most 
prominent men in the town. 

One of the first settlers in Alton was Mr. William 
Foster, who came here from Bradley in 18 15. He was 
a native of Gray, Maine, and married Lucy Spencer. 
They had ten children, viz : Philip, Isaac, Mary, Martha, 
Joseph, Jane, Nancy, Lucy, William C, and Heman N. 
Mr. Foster followed farming and lumbering as a busi- 
ness. He died about i860. Isaac Foster, the second 
son, was born March 21, 1807, in Bradley, then "No. 4 
Plantation." He came to Argyle when eight years of 
age, where he has since lived. He married for his first 
wife Rachel Jane Cheever, of Argyle. By her he had 
two children — John W. and Sarah Jane. Mrs. Foster 
died in 1838, and Mr. Foster married for his second wife 
Miss Sarah J. Howard. From this union there are four 
children, viz.: William S., of Argyle; Stephen J. K., de- 
ceased; Harvey H., of Waterville; Martha, now Mrs. 
John B. Buzzell, of Argyle. Mr. Foster has been one of 
the prominent men of Argyle for many years; he has 
served as Selectman for the long period of forty years. 
In 1864 he represented his district in the Legislature, 
and again in 186S and in 1869. Mr. Foster has followed 
lumbering principally for business, though having a farm 
in Argyle. His place is near the center of the town, on 
the river road. 

Mr. H. N. Foster, of Argyle, is a son of AVilliam Fos- 
ter, who was born in Gray, Maine, in 1781, and settled 
in Argyle in 1815. He was for years one of the leading 
men of the town, holding many of the prominent town 
offices, and for a time was Justice of the Peace. He 
married Lucy Spencer, who died in 1826. Mr. Foster 
died in 1867. H. N. Foster married Eliza Moore, 
March 13, 1849. They have had ten children, viz: 
Henrietta; Lucy J., deceased; Sarah E.; Nancy E., de- 
ceased; Ruel H.; Adoniram, deceased; Andrew W.; 
Adelbert A.; Arthur M., deceased; and Norah M., de- 
ceased. Mr. Foster is a farmer and lumberman, and 
lives on the west bank of the Penobscot River, in Argyle. 
Mr. Gilbert W. Frees, of Argyle, was born, August 18, 
18 19, in the town of Argyle ere it was incorporated and 
ere Maine was a State. His father, Isaac Frees, came 
here from Bangor. He was a native of Portland, Maine. 
His father's name was also Isaac. He married for his 
first wife Rebecca Hathorn, and for his second wife Me- 
hitabel J. Warren. By his first wife he had four children 
who grew up, viz : Jeremiah M., AVilliam L., Reuben, 
and Samuel. By his second wife he had three children 
— Rebecca H., Isaac, now of Argyle, and Gilbert W. 
Mr. Frees followed lumbering principally. He was one 
of the early lumbermen on the river. He died in 1858. 
Mrs. Frees died in 1859. Gilbert W. Frees lives on the 
old place settled by his father about 1800. He married 
Miss Martha A. Lowe, daughter of Thomas Lowe, of 
Argyle. They have four children, viz : Nettie W., wife 
of William ^V. Brown, of Argyle; Gilbert C, of Argyle; 
Samuel L., of Argyle; Hattie F. W., at home. Mr. 
Frees has followed lumbering in days past, though at 





aAiM^i/. 







'6i'Co//y 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



251 



present he is engaged in farming. He lives on the river 
road in Argyle, owns one hundred and thirty acres of land, 
and is well situated. Mr. Frees is at present one of the 
Selectmen of his town. He has held several other offices. 
William L. Frees was born in Argyle, April 8, 1807. 
(For his father's history see that of Gilbert W. Frees.) 
Mr. Frees has always lived in Argyle. He married Louisa 



Marsh, daughter of John Marsh, ]r., of Argyle. They 
have two children, viz : Lottie H. and Jeremiah. Mr. 
Frees has always followed lumbering for a business, until 
within a few years. He owns a part of the old home- 
stead — seventy-five acres. He was one of the first town 
officers in Argyle, and has held various local offices. He 
is now seventy-four years of age. 



BRADFORD. 



Bradford is one of the dozen even townships in the west- 
erly projection of the county. The municipal organiza- 
tion of the town has left its regularity unimpaired ; and it 
lies in beautiful shape, a regular township of six miles on 
each side, or thirty-si.x square miles in all, and one of 
the finest and best settled tracts in the county. It lies 
on the north line of Penobscot, adjoining Piscataquis, 
the fourth town in order from the northwest corner of 
the former county. Its northerly neighbor is Orne- 
ville, in Piscataquis county; it is bounded on the east 
by Lagrange and Alton towns; on the south by Hudson, 
and on the west by Charleston. It has no natural boun- 
dary, and is enclosed altogether by artificial and straight 
hnes, but not running exactly with the cardinal points of 
the compass. There is a slight deflection of the north 
and south lines to the eastward of the meridian, and 
the east and west lines are accordingly also a little 
out of due position. Its distance from the north line of 
Bangor, on right lines running due south, is the width of 
two surveyed townships — across Hudson and Glenburn 
—or about twelve miles. 

Bradford has no large waters, as the Penobscot or any 
lakes, upon or w'ithin its borders; but is nevertheless t;x- 
ceedingly well watered. The headwaters of the West 
Branch of the Dead Stream are but little beyond the 
northwest corner of the tow-n, in Piscataquis, and it in- 
tersects the entire town in a long, irregular diagonal of 
twelve miles or more, almost precisely from corner to 
corner. Its principal tributary in this town is the Beaver 
Brook, which heads in three branches near the centre of 
the north line of the town, and flows southward to a 
junction with the Dead Stream a mile and a quarter north 
of East Bradford post-office. Upon the middle one of 
these branches, about a mile below its source, is a mill- 
site. Further down, the Dead Stream is expanded into 
ponds at several places, as at East Bradford and on 
each side of School No. 6, which furnish eligible sites 



that have been improved for shingle and other mills 
In the northeast angle of the town is Bear Brook, which 
rises in Orneville, receives a small tributary from the 
westward near the east line of Bradford, and flows thence 
a short distance into Lagrange, where its waters reach 
the East Branch of Dead Stream, and by that the Pe- 
nobscot. South of the Bear Brook some miles, two 
other tributaries of Dead Stream have their sources in 
Bradford, and flow out into .Alton. In the southern 
part of the town, west of the West Branch, are the head- 
waters of two little streams that also flow into the Dead 
Stream. West of them is Fletcher Brook, which heads 
heads northwest of East Bradford, and a petty runlet 
which is also a tributary of Forbes Brook. This is a 
stream of some importance for mill-sites, whose extreme 
headwaters are in the northwest corner of the town, near 
North Bradford post-office, and which also has a source 
something more than two miles due south of the other. 
From the latter point the two streams flow with general 
parallelism until their junction a little southwest of School 
No. 3. Just below this junction several mill-ponds have 
been formed, and shingle, grist, and saw-mills put in. 
Still west of the Forbes Brook, rising near the centre of 
the west line of the town, and watering the country 
thence southward, is the Mohawk Stream. This and 
Forbes Brook presently unite their waters in Hudson, 
and flow thence into Pushaw Stream. All these several 
streams furnish Bradford abundantly with water, and 
add importantly to its natural resources, especially in the 
development of mill-sites. 

This town is also uncommonly well provided with 
wagon roads, although it has no railway as yet; and it is 
a peculiarity of the roads of Bradford, compared with 
many other towns of the county, that many of them run 
u])on straight lines and nearly with the cardinal points 
of the compass — like the Western roads, upon or near 
the section lines. East and west, about midway of the 



252 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



town, a highway, starting from the road near Birch 
Stream, in Lagrange, strikes straight across Bradford, 
Charleston, and Garland, beyond which it bends to the 
southwest and runs to Dexter village. This goes through 
East Bradford. Through Bradford village passes another 
east and west road, which enters from Alton and goes out 
into Charleston by a zigzag course, joining a north and 
south road about half-way across the tiswn. About 
a mile from the north line of Dexter, another east 
and west road of some three miles' length joins the 
termini ot two roads coming in from Orneville, one 
from the northeast, the otherfrom the northwest. A 
mile or more south of this is another and shorter route 
having the same general direction. In north and 
south roads the town is even better supplied. Two of 
them traverse the whole length of the town, and others 
large portions of it. .The westernmost, about mid- 
way between Mohawk Stream and the west line of the 
town, comes in from Hudson, passes the cemetery a little 
more than a half a mile from the town and School No. i 
a mile further, and a mile beyond the latter ends at the 
road through Bradford village. Through this place also 
comes a road from Bradford, which passes another ceme- 
tery nearly due east of the former, School No. 2 shortly 
after, then Bradford village. School No. 3 at the junction 
of the central east and west road, another cemetery a 
mile beyond, School No. 4 at the junction of the next 
main road, a mile south of North Bradford, which it also 
reaches, and then divides into two forks, by which it 
reaches Orneville. The other through road in the same 
direction enters from Hudson about the middle of the 
south line, passes Schools No. 1 1 and 9, the latter near 
East Bradford post-office, and after some deflection to 
the east also passes into Orneville. Half-way between 
these two highways another road runs nearly across the 
town, striking the Birch Stream at a saw-mill half a mile 
west of School No. 15, and something more than a mile 
further joining the road to North Bradford. A number 
of short lines, most of them neighborhood roads, also 
aid to give the town admirable highway service. 

As may be inferred I'rom some of the foregoing state- 
ments, Bradford may be considered exceedingly well set- 
tled. Much of it, indeed, maybe called densely settled, 
and with a very excellent class of population. Farms 
and garden spots are almost continuous over a large part 
of the town. In four places the settlements are so thick 
as to form villages, at Bradford in the southwestern quar- 
ter of the town ; at North Bradford, near the northwest 
corner; East Bradford, whose location has already been 
sufficiently indicated; and Bradford Centre. Each of 
these has a post-office. 

The surface of Bradford is generally smooth, with gen- 
tle undulations. The land is tolerably free from stone, 
and is quite fertile, producing well of the various crops 
peculiar to this climate and region. There is little waste 
about it, no lakes, ponds, or swamps occupying any part 
of its surface. The country here was originally covered 
with a dense forest, consisting of the hard and resinous 
woods still commonly known in the Maine woods. 

The first inroads of civilization upon the forests here 



were mad^by the single pioneer in the summer of 1804 
— James White, probably from Thomaston, who pushed 
up hither into the wilderness with his family and began 
his clearing preparatory to settlement. Some time dur- 
ing the year also came two settlers named Jennison and 
Rogers, from Union, in Knox county, who made their 
location in what is now the south part of the town. The 
next spring (1805), arrived Robert Marshal!, also of 
Thomaston, who is generally credited as being a joint 
pioneer with White the year before. He was still living 
in 1859. The settlers of 1806 were two men or families 
named Wilson and Hildreth, from Thomaston. After 
that there was a moderate and tolerably steady growth of 
the settlement year by year. 

It was seventeen years, however, before a sufficient 
colony had collected in this quarter to justify organiza- 
tion, when, in 1820, a plantation was erected under the 
the name Blakesburgh; it had at this time eleven voters. 
For about eleven years this answered the needs of the 
rather sparse population, and then the town of Bradford 
was incorporated. The date of this act was March 12, 
1831. It has since become one of the most populous 
towns of the county. In 1830, the year before incorpo- 
ration as a town, Blakesburgh Plantation had a popula- 
tion of four hundred and three. Ten years thereafter 
Bradford town had 1,000 people; in 1850, r, 296; in i860, 
1,558; in 1870, 1,487, and in 1880, 1,460. The num- 
ber of polls in i860 was 314; in 1870, 359; in 1880, 
374. Estates in these years, respectively, $186,107, 
$233,734, and $252,413. 

Religious and reformatory interests have had a good 
growth in this town. Calvinistic Baptist, Free Baptist, 
and Methodist churches have been organized. Two 
ministers of the second denomination reside in the town, 
and three of the last. 

The Town House was formerly used for a time for 
services by the Universalists. 

The Independent Order of Good Templars is organized 
in Felicity Lodge No. 181, which meets on .Saturday 
evenings; and the Patrons of Husbandry have the In- 
dependent Grange J^fo. 77. 

One lawyer and one physician represent the profes- 
sions other than clerical. 

There are eight general stores, and one millinery estab- 
lishment, in various parts of the town. Sixteen citizens 
of Bradford are engaged in manufacturing or in shops as 
proprietors, chiefly smiths, tanners, and lumbermen.' 

Mr. John Coy keeps the only hotel as yet in the 
town. 

The officers of Bradford for 1881 were: Rev. Alvah 
Strout, Luther Gary, Alfred Streete, Selectmen; Henry 
T. Williams, Town Clerk; M. D. Strout, Constable and 
Collector; George Elden, Treasurer; E. M. Wilson, School 
Supervisor; John W. Herrick, Thomas R. Kingsbury, 
Isaac Libby, M. D. Kingsbury, D. S. Humphrey, L. S. 
Bickmore, Quorum ; Thomas H. Wentworth, Charles H. 
Robbins, Trial; H. S. Wilson, Thomas H. Wentworth, 
Dedimus — Justices. 

T. R. Kingsbury is Postmaster at Bradford Post- 
office, Charles P. Church at East Bradford, M. D. 




'J^^[r^^^- 



'Utt^^ai /yw, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



253 



Kingsbury at North Bradford, and Henry D. Barton at 
Bradford Centre. 

SETTTEMENT NOTES. 

Emmons Kingsbury was born in Foxburg, Massachu- 
setts, November i r, 1779. He came to Penobscot 
county in iSoo, and settled in Brewer, where he remained 
until 1820, when he removed to Bradford. He was a 
fanner, in which business he remained all his life. While 
in Brewer, and during the War of 181 2, he commanded 
a company of infantry under General Blake, and took 
part in the battle at Hampden. He was one of the in- 
corporators of Brewer, and filled many of the town and 
village offices. He married Hannah Rider, a native 
of Brewer, in 1S02, by whom he had twelve children. 
He died April 24, 1862. His wife died September 18, 
i860. His children's names were: Malinda, Susan, 
Rachel, Emmons, jr., Otis, William, Hannah A., Thomas 
R. John R., Richard H, Walter F., and Chester. 

Thomas R. Kingsbury was born in Brewer in 181 7, 
and rame to Bradford with his father when three years 
old, where he received a common school education and 
also attended school at the Charleston Academy. During 
the early part of his life he followed farming. In 1843 
he entered into partnership in the mercantile business 
with (iorhani Davis, in Bradford, where he remained 
seven years, when he purchased Davis's interest and con- 
ducted the business at the old stand for a short time, 
when he erected the store that he now occupies. He 
has held the office of Selectman of Bradford fifteen 
years, of Town Treasurer twelve years. School Commit- 
tee several years, and Town Agent five years, also Col- 
lector of Taxes two years. He also represented his 
class in the Legislature one year, and in 1869 and 1870 
was elected to the State Senate. In politics he was 
originally a Democrat, until 1861, when he became a 
Republican. He has been twice married. His first 
wife was Mary S. Dean, a native of Hampden. She 
died August 6, 1844. He then married Amanda L. 
Clark, a native of Atkinson. He is the father of seven 
children, \\z : Marcus D., who married Sarah M. 
French, and lives at North Bradford; Roscoe A., mar- 
ried Linda S. Clark, and lives at East Corinth; Emma 
A., died at Bradford; Wilber T., lives at home; Eliwood 
E., died at Bradford; Freddie C, died at Bradford; 
Birtie M., lives at home. He was appointed postmaster 
during the administration of Franklin Pierce (1853), and 
has held the office to the present time, with the excep- 
tion of two years. He has been commissioned Justice 
of the Peace five terms in succession. 

Cyrus P. Church was born in the town of Readfield, 
Kennebec county, Maine, in 1820. In 1823 he with 
his parents removed to Gardiner in the same county, 
where he received all the common school education that 
was available in those times. In 1844 he married 
Hannah C. Plaisted, a native of New Hampshire, and 
settled in Gardiner, where he carried on the business of 
farming. In 1846 he removed to Mercer, Somerset 
county, Maine, where he carried on the tanning business, 
and remained there until 18^2. While in Mercer, he 
held the office of Selectman for two years. In 1852 he 



removed to East Bradford, and settled on the farm now 
owned by Charles P. Church. He has held the office 
of Selectman of Bradford for two years, and in 1865 
was elected Representative from Penobscot county to the 
State Legislature, which office he held one term. In 
politics he was a Republican until 1878, when he united 
with the Greenback party, to which he now belongs. He 
is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His 
first wife, Hannah C. Plaisted, died in 1.857. She was 
the mother of five children: Charles A., dead; Charles 
P., who married Hattie M. Folsorn, and lives in East 
Bradford; and Katie. E., who also resides in East Brad- 
ford. In 1858 he married Mary A. Hill, of Exeter, by 
whom he has three children: Georgie E., dead; Harry 
L., and Harlan P., who reside at home. In 1880 he 
moved to Houlton, where he entered into partnership 
with G. \y. Houlton and built a new tannery, but re- 
mained there only one year, when he returned to East 
Bradford. 

In 1S47 Benjamin O. Foster built the first tannery in 
the town. It burned down in the fall of 1851. In the 
spring of 1852 Cyrus P. Church and Francis A. Plaisted 
purchased the site, and immediately built a new tannery 
on the old site. They remained in partnership about 
three years, when Mr. Cyrus Church purchased Plaisted's 
interest, and ran the business in liis osvn name until the 
fall of 1868, when it again burned. He immediately re- 
built, and continued the business alone until April i, 
187 1, when he took his son, Charles P. Church, into 
partnership. They remained in partnership three years, 
when he sold out his whole interest to Charles P. 
Church, who continues the business at the present time. 
The number of vats in the neiv tannery, originally foity- 
seven, has been extended to one hundred and twenty- 
one, and the annual business amounts to about four hun- 
dred tons of leather. 

Charles P. Church was born in the town of Mercer, 
Somerset county, in 1849. In 1852 he came to Penob- 
scot county with his brother, and settled in East Brad- 
ford, where he now resides. The Bradford tannery, 
which was built in 1868 by Cyrus P. Church, was sold 
to Charles P. Church in 1874. The latter now carries 
on the business. He manufactures four hundred tons of 
leather yearly, and makes a specialty of buffalo leather. 
The hides are imported from the East Indies, and after 
being tanned, are shipped to Boston, Massachusetts. 
He is also engaged in the mercantile business, and there 
can be found at his store anything in the regular line of 
dry goods, groceries, etc. In 1880 he was appointed 
Postmaster under President Hayes' administration, which 
office he now holds. In 1880 he married Hattie M. 
Folsom. 

Alvah Strout was born in the town of Liinington, York 
county, Maine, in iSio, where he received a common 
school education. He learned the cabinet and chair- 
making trade in Buxton, and followed his trade but two 
years, when he commenced mercantile business in the 
town of Limington, where he remained three years, when 
he sold out, and in 1833 reinoved to Penobscot county. 
He first settled on the farm now owned by Dennis E. 



254 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Willson, in Bradford, and engaged in tiie manufacture of 
oars, in which business he was engaged ten years. He 
then turned his attention to teaching and preaching the 
Gospel, in the Free-will Baptist Church, as an itinerant 
minister, and has filled the pulpit in several different 
parishes. In 1S79 he gave up the ministry and turned 
his attention to farming, in which business he is now 
engaged. In 1S63 he was elected to the ofSce of Select- 
man in Bradford town, which he held one year. In 1880 
he was again elected to the same otifice, and holds it at 
the present time. He married Keziah AVilson in Brad- 
ford, June 2, 1S35, and is the father of ten children; 
Mary E., married Isaac T. Bailey, who died in the army; 
she then married Thomas J. Roberts ; she died Decem- 
ber II, 1874, in Bradford. Emily J., who married 
William Randell ; he died in Bradford, August 6, 1865; 
she then married Richard Soule, and lives in Bradford. 
Alvah D. M. lives in Bradford. Andrew W., killed at 
the battle of Mansfield, Louisiana, 1864, while a mem- 
ber of the Thirtieth Maine Infantry. Enoch B. married 
Hattie Treadwell, of Garland, and resides in that town. 
Waham W., married Lizzie A. Moulton, of Lowell, 
Massachusetts. Sarah M., married Orlando Townsend, 
and lives in Denver, Colorado. George H., lives in 
Bradford. Daniel E. and Fannie L., live at home. In 
politics he was first a Jacksonian Democrat, until the 
Anti-Slavery party was organized, and cast the third 
Anti-Slavery vote in Bradford town. He became a Re- 
publican at the organization of that party, and at the 
present time is a Greenbacker. 

John Libbey was born in Berwick, York courUy, 
Maine, in 1786. He married Abigail Libbey, in York; 
in 1836 he removed with his family to Bradford, and 
settled on the farm now owned by Enos and David 
Young, where he followed the business of fanning and 
milling. He purcha"sed the mill from the Wason 
brothers, in which business he was engaged until 1858. 
He held the office of Town Treasurer for a number of 
years and the office of Selectman one year. In politics 
he was an old-time Whig. He was the father of four 
children. Sophronia died at the age of nine. Isaac, 
who married Mary Worster, of Lebanon, Maine; he lives 
in Bradford. Peltia, who died at the age of four. John, 
jr., who mariied Mary E. Tasker in 1857. John, jr., 
moved to California, and afterwards moved to Dead- 
wood, where he died in 1878. 

Isaac Way was born in Berwick in 18 13, where he re- 
ceived a common school education. In 1836 he re- 
moved to Bradford and settled on the farm with his 
father, and engaged in farming and milling. In 1837 he 
married Mary Worster, of Lebanon. He has held the 
office of Selectman of Bradford for a number of years. 
In politics he is a Republican. Is the father of three 
children; Daniel, who married Augusta Randell, and 
was a member of the Second Maine Cavalry, was killed at 
Blakely, Alabama, in 1S65. Elizabeth, who married O. 
W. Severance; he died in 1864; she is now married to 
A. W. Severance, and resides in Bradford. Hebron, 
who married Alsada T. Rose, died in Bradford in 1868. 

Daniel S. Humphrey was born in Bradford in 1844, 



where he received a common-school education. At the 
age of sixteen he attended school at the East Corinth 
Academy, and studied si.\ terms. At the age of eighteen 
he commenced teaching school, and followed teaching 
five years. In 1866 he purchased a store-room and farm 
R. F. Kingsbury, and bought a stock of goods and en- 
gaged in the mercantile business, in which business he 
is now. He also deals extensively in live stock — sheep, 
cattle, etc. At his store can be found every article usu- 
ally found in any well-regulated country store. He held 
the office of Selectman of Bradford five years, and was 
chairman of the Board two years. He was commissioned 
Justice of the Peace; first, under Governor Perham, and 
then under Governor Garcelon, which office he now 
holds. In politics he is Republican. He is a member 
of the Baptist Church. In 1870 he married Nellie S. 
Bean, a native of Corinth, and is the father of two chil- 
dren — Mabel A. and Maud F. 

Caleb Humphrey was born in North Yarmouth in 
1810, where he received a common-school education. 
He is a farmer, in which business he is now engaged. 
He married Anna Fogg, of Wales, in 1842; came to Pe- 
nobscot county in 1841, and settled on the farm on which 
he now lives the same year. He has held the office of 
Selectman of Bradford one year ; is a member of the 
Baptist Church, and has held the office of Deacon in the 
church for the past four years. In politics he is Repub- 
lican. He is the father of three children — William F., 
who lives in Bradford ; Daniel S., married Nellie Bean, of 
Corinth, lives at North Bradford, and is engaged in the 
mercantile business ; and Frederick, who died at the age 
of five years. 

John W. Bailey was born in the town of Palermo, 
Waldo county, in 1793, where he married Delphos Dean. 
He followed farming and trading. He came to Brad- 
ford in 1 84 1, and first settled on the farm now owned by 
William Bailey. His wife died in Palermo. He mar- 
ried, for his second wife, Martha Wade, at Bedford. 
He was a member of the Universalist Church. In 
politics he was a Democrat. He was the father of (Tve 
children — William, who married Mary Southard, and lives 
in Bradford; Harris, who married Jane Kinkade, and lives 
in Bangor; John, who married Mahala Southard and lives 
in Bradford ; Betsy, who married Isaac Arnold, and lives 
in Bradford ; Delphos, who married Daniel Southard, 
and lives in Bradford. He died in Bradford in 1878. 
William was born in Albion in 1817; came to Penob- 
scot county with his father in 1841, and settled on the 
farm on which he now lives. In 1839 he married Mary 
Southard, of Oldtown; has held the office of Selectman 
of Bradford two years : is a farmer, in which business he 
is now engaged; in politics he is a Republican. He is 
[he father of four children — Augustus C, married Sarah 
Smith, and lives in Bradford ; Albert H., married Fan- 
nie Mills, and lives in Bradford ; Zehna A., married 
John B. Southard, and lives in Bradford ; Adeline, who 
married John Torsev, died in Bangor ; Bradford, married 
Dolly Willey, and lives in Hudson; Edward, mariied 
Ruby Donaldson, and lives at Foxcroft ; Cenus, married 
LucUin McClure, and lives in Hudson. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



255 



John Southard was born in Skowhegan, 1777. He was 
a natural mechanic, and could manufiicture any article 
he turried his hand to. He married Fannie Gulliver, of 
W'aterville, by whom he had fourteen children. He 
came to Bradford in 1859, and settled on the farm now 
owned by John Bailey, where he carried on farming. He 
enlisted in Captain Parlin's company, under Brigadier- 
CJeneral Sewall, in ilie War of 1812. In 1834 his wife 
died; he then married Louisa Sampson, a native of Nor- 
ridgewock, in 1S35, by whom he had ten children. He 
was a member of the Calvinist Baptist church; in poli- 
tics was a Democrat. He died at Bradford June 25, 
1880, at the age of one hundred and three years. His 
children's'names are: William, died at St. Albans; John, 
died in California; Rachel, died at Fairfield; Joseph, 
lives in St. Albans; Betsy, lives in Brooklyn, New York; 
Fannie, died in Bangor; Mary, lives in Bradford, and is 
married to William Bailey; Daniel, married Delphos 
Bailey, lives in Bradford; Timothy, married Mary Ann 
Gulliver, lives in Bangor; Mahaley, married John Bailey, 
lives in Bradford; Lydania, died in St. Albans, at the 
age of nine years; Zachariah, married May Berry, lives 
in St. George, New Brunswick; Sophrona, died at St. 



Albans ; Mariah, married Lewis Frost, he died, she then 
married William Men ill, lives in Blair; Melissa, married 
Lucian Tucker, she died in Southboro, Massachusetts; 
Cyrus, married Marcha Arnold, and lives in Bradford; 
Levi, died when six years of age ; Henry, died when six 
years of age. 

William Sanford was born in the town of Palermo, 
Waldo county, Maine, in 1818, where he received a com- 
mon school education; came to Bradford in 1859, and 
settled on the farm now owned by Eben Daniels. In 
184 1 he married Mary Ann Rowe, a native of Waldo, by 
whom he had three children; she died in Bradford, Au- 
gust 5, 1848; he then married Jane Erskine. Has held 
the office of Selectman of Bradford for two years; is a 
member of the Methodist Episcopal church; in politics 
is a Republican. Is the father of fourteen children — 
Isabel H., died in Bradford; RufusR., died in Bradford; 
Cleorge W., lives at Houlton; Anna AL, died in Brad- 
ford; William H., who married Hattie L. Perry, lives in 
Bradford; Clara J., married Edwin A. Aldridge, and 
lives in Bradford; .^Iford G., John W., Charles C, Ulys- 
ses S., Rufus R., Nellie M., Daniel B., Minnie B— all at 
home. 



BRADLEY. 



Bradley is one of the large towns in the south of the 
county, east of the Penobscot. The river bounds it on 
the west, lying between it and the towns of Orono and 
Oldtown. On the east lies Hancock county; on the 
south Eddington and Clifton, and the large water known 
as Nichols's Pond; and on the north Milford town. Only 
its north and east boimdaries are each in one straight 
line. The southern limit is so broken as to make a 
great triangle of the southernmost part of the town; and 
the western is curved somewhat by the winding course 
of the noble Penobscot. The distance of Bradley from 
Bangor, by the nearest points of the two towns, from 
the southwest corner of the former due west across the 
river, Orono, and Veazie, is but three and a half miles. 
The greatest breadth of the town, from that corner due 
eastward to the county line, is very nearly ten miles; its 
width at the north boundary is six and two-thirds. The 
extreme length of the town, from the north line to the 



angle at the south, in Nichols's Pond, is seven and a half 
miles. • 

The peculiarity of .settlement in Bradley is that it 
clings almost exclusively to one road, that along the Pe- 
nobscot River. The character of the soil is such, and the 
direction of industries has been so determined by other 
natural causes, th.at the interior of this town, and the 
country eastward for a range of seven townships in Han- 
cock and Washington counties, is almost unbroken by 
the plow, or even by excavation for a cellar. A shingle 
and stave-mill has been located on Nichols's Stream, in 
the southwest part of the town, about a mile and a half 
from the river; and a few settlements, including the 
Town Farm on Great Works Stream, about the same 
distance from the Penobscot, have pushed out a little 
way on that Stream and its sole southern tributary; but 
apart from these there is scarcely a farm-house or habita- 
tion of civilized man in this town half a mile back from 



256 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the river. Along the river road, however, settlement is 
so dense that the population of the town, as may be seen 
below, mounts to quite a respectable figure. Indeed, it 
is almost a continuous village from one corner of the 
town to. the other, upon this side. The village proper, 
however, is near the northwest corner, upon the Penob- 
scot, and takes the name Great AVorks from its manu- 
facturing industries, although the , post-office is known as 
Bradley. Its companion village. West Great Works, is 
on the opposite side of the river, in Oldtown, and has a 
post-office name to correspond with its own designa- 
tion. 

The river road, a section of the same highway which 
follows the west bank of the Penobscot from its south- 
ern end to Mattawamkeag, runs for about five miles in 
Bradley. All the schools of the town, three in number, 
are situated upon it, as also the village of Great Works, 
the cemetery a little below that place, and another a 
little above the mouth of Nichols Stream. The sparse 
settlements on that and die Great Works Streams have 
of course short neighborhood or "plug roads;" but the 
wagon-tracks further in the interior are few and insignifi- 
cant, as there is little demand for them by the settlement 
of this and the townships to the westward. The town 
has no railroad, but has easy access across the river to 
the European & North American line. 

The waters of Bradley are not numerous, but are of 
good size, and somewhat important. It has the Penob- 
scot, which needs no further description here. Nichols's 
Pond, which lies in the extreme south i)art of the town, 
parts of it being also in Clifton and Eddington, is a fine 
sheet of water, lying in a general direction from north- 
west to southeast, about three miles in greatest length by 
two miles in breadth. Its outlet is made through 
Nichols Stream, a brook of respectable dimensions and 
a little more than four miles' length, which furnishes a 
water-power at the point before mentioned, and de- 
bouches into the Penobscot a mile above Orono. The 
Great Works Stream has several heads on the east side of 
Bradley and the middle eastern part of Clifton, and runs 
northwesterly about eleven miles, making pretty nearly 
a diagonal through the town, to its mouth at the Great 
Works. A mile from this place it receives a tributary of 
small volume and about four miles' length, which runs in 
from the south. Much rclling ground diversifies the 
scenery, but none of the hills are of imposing height. 
As may be inferred from preceding remarks, there is 
little agriculture in the town, as the infertile nature of 
he soil back from the river forbids it. The tract was 
once covered densely with timber, chiefly pine; and a 
great deal of lumbering is still carried on along the river. 
Upon this industry the inhabitants mainly rely for sup- 
port. So long ago as 1S59 there were at the village alone 
fourteen single-board saw-mills, three mills with gangs of 
saws, four clapboard machines, four lath machines, and 
three shingle mills. There were more then than there 
are now. 

The earliest settlers in Bradley got up the river and in 
their rude habitations upon its banks in 1817. They 
were mostly from different parts of the "District of 



Maine". and from old Massachusetts. There was a toler- 
ably satisfactory growth, and in 1835, February 3d, the 
town was incorporated under its present name. It had 
then about 300 inhabitants. In 1840, when its first cen- 
sus as a municipality was taken, it had 395 people; in 
1850 more than double that number, or 796 — a truly 
surprising growth; in i860 there were 844 ; in 1870,866; 
and in 1S80, 829. 

The number of polls in Bradford in 1S60 was 182; in 
1S70, 210; in 18S0, 234. 

The valuation of estates in this town in the first year 
was $116,300; in the second, $158,166; and in the last, 
$118,998. 

A Free Baptist church has been established in. the 
town, whose pulpit is just now vacant. There is also a 
society of Spiritualists, with a "Children's Progressive 
Lyceum" holding its .sessions on Sundays. The Wom- 
en's Christian Temperance Union and the Independent 
Order of Good Templars have also had branches here 
recently. The lodge of the latter had the name "Excel- 
sior." There are three grocers in the town, and the 
business men have had the enterprise to secure telephone 
connection with the city of Bangor. 

The officers of the town for 1881 were: A. E. Per- 
kins, O. S. Cram, R. Hinckley, Selectmen; James A. 
Rich, Town Clerk; James A. Rich, Treasurer; H. C. 
Bean, Jerry Bell, Constables; H. F. Brawn, J. E. White, 
J. W. Knapp, jr.. School Committee; Joel C. Pease, 
James A. Rich, Justices. 

The Postmaster at Bradley (Great Works Village) is 
Mr. G. F. Barton. 

NOTES OF SETTLEMENT. 

The records in possession of the Knapp family date 
back to 1747, at the birth of Samuel Knapp, of Mansfield, 
Bristol county, Massachusetts. He married Rachel 
Grover. They had ten children, three boys and seven 
girls, viz: Sylvia, Rachel, Sebra, Betsy, Gideon, Rachel, 
Hepzibah, Roxana, Moses, and Samuel. 

Moses Knapp, of this family, married Abigail Eddy. 
They had ten children, viz: Samuel, Hiram, John N., 
Sabra S., Sewell C, Cyrus, James I., Sylva S., Abby A., 
Levi G. Of this family John N., the subject of the 
sketch, was born March 21, 1815, in this town. His 
grandfather, Samuel, settled in Brewer December 16, 
1785, and moved to this town in the fall of 1799. 

He settled near the centre of the town, being among 
the first settlers. John N. married Eliza Whitney, daugh- 
ter of Robinson Whitney, of Newburg. They have had 
eight children, three of whom are now living— John N., 
Jr., Moses E., and Irvin S., all of whom now live in 
Bradley. The names of the deceased are, Agnes A., 
Salome, Ella A., May, and Fred T. None of the living 
are now married. Mr. Knapp owns twelve hundred acres 
of farming and timber land. He now lives about one 
and a half miles south of the village, on land first cleared 
by his grandfather in the year 1799. 

Alonzo E. Perkins, son of Eben Perkins, of the town 
of Penobscot, Hancock county, lived some time in 
Bucksport. He married Paulina Perkins, daughter of 
Abraham Perkins, of Penobscot. They were among 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



257 



the first settlers of that town. They had twelve children, 
six boys and six gills, ten of whom are now living, viz : 
Alonzo E., the subject of this sketch; Amos \\'., now of 
the town of Penobscot: Charles E., now living in Brad- 
ley; Louisa J., now Mrs. Livermore, of this town; Mary 
A, now Mrs. Sanborn, of Bradley; Eleanor E., now Mrs. 
Tarrio, still living in Bradley; Preston E., of this town; 
Rosa, now Mrs. Stetson, of Bradley ; Franklin M., of 
Bradley; Lilla D., of the town of Penobscot, Hancock 
county. The deceased were named Samuel and Emily. 
Samuel died in 1S64, and Emily in 1S65. Mr. Perkins 
died in 1865. Mrs. Perkins married for her second hus- 
band John Hanson, with whom she is now living. 
Alonzo E. Perkins was born in 1835. After receiving a 
common school education he followed the sea during the 
summer seasons. He married Miss Frances M. Tripp, 
by whom he had two children, who died in infancy. 
Mrs. Perkins died in 1868. Mr. Perkins is now and has 
been Chairman of the Board of Selectmen for three 
years. He is the overseer in the large milling interest 
of L. & F. H. Strickland, of Bangor, formerly the firm 
of Babb and Strickland. Mr. Perkins has held this po- 
sition for twenty years. These facts speak louder than 
words as to his ability and integrity as a business man. 

Ransom Hinkley is son of William Hinkley, of this 
town, who came here in an early day. He married El 
mira Mason, daughter of Andrew Mason, of Searsport. 
They had nine children, five boys and four girls: James 
W., now deceased; Cynthia, now Mrs. Knowllon, of 
this town; Mary A., now Mrs. Brown, of Bradley; 
Ransom ; Charles, now of Massachusetts; Jane A., now 
deceased; Ehvin, now in Washington Territory; Abbie, 
now Mrs. Swett, of Bradley; Frederick, of Bradley. Mr. 
Hinkley died in 1873, and Mrs. Hinkley in 1871. 

Ransom Hinkley, the subject of this sketch, was born 
in the town of Jackson, on the 12th of April, 1841. 
He came to this town when a child with his parents. 
After obtaining a common school education he went to 
work in the mill here, where he has ever since been em- 
ployed, now being engaged in running logs. In 
1864 he married Miss Maria L. Witham, daughter 
of Philip Witham, of Bangor. To this couple have been 
bom three children — George A., now fifteen; Earnest L., 
now ten; Willie H., now four years old. Mr. Hinkley 
has served as Selectman, School Agent, and School 
Committee of this town in years past. 

Eugene Leufest is son of Steven E. Leufest, of Swan- 
ville, Waldo county, where he has lived most of his life. 
He married Paulina Nickerson, of Swanville. They had 
five children, one boy and four girls, viz : Lydia A., 
now Mrs. Hamilton, Milford; Mary E., deceased, wife of 



Captain Joshua Dunnels, of Belfast; Jane P., now Mrs. 
Patterson, of Astoria, Oregon ; Eugene, and Martha E., 
now deceased. Steven Leufest died during the year 
1 85 7 or 1858. He was drowned by the capsizing of a 
flat-boat on the Missouri River, while on his way East to 
get his family to move to Kansas. Mrs. Leufest died in 
1856. 

Eugene Leufest, the only son of this family, was born 
February 22d, 1835. He married Mary U. Blackman, 
daughter of Adam Blackman, of Bradley, and settled in 
this town in 1859, where he has ever since lived. He 
now lives opposite the town of Orono, where he owns a 
good farm of one hundred acres. To this couple have 
been born two children, viz: Elmer, and one that died 
in infancy. Elmer is now si.Kteen, and is at home. Mr. 
Leufest has served his town as one of the Selectmen 
several years. 

Charles R. Richardson is a son of Charles G. Richard- 
son, of Burlington, in this county. His mother's maiden 
name was Angeline Eddy, of Eddington. Charles G. 
Richardson had seven children: .Albert, now deceased; 
Charles R.; Charlotte, now deceased: Frances, also dead; 
Edward, deceased; Frank, now in St. Panl, Minnesota; 
Ada, now 'Sirs. Eben Files, of Ciiribou, Maine. Mr. 
Richardson is still living in Burlington. Mrs. R. died in 
April 2, 1S69. Charles R. Richardson was born. Decem- 
ber 31, 1S41, in Burlington. He came to Bradley in 
1861 and engaged in the mill business, in which busisnes 
he still is engaged. In 1870 he married Mrs. Mary Metcalf, 
of Bradley. Mrs. M. had been married before this union 
and had one child, William A. Metcalf Mr. and Mrs. 
R. had one child, Frank L., now seven years old. Mrs. 
R. died November i, 1879. Mr. R. has served as 
Selectman of the town. 

Samuel Bullin is a son of Philip Bullin, of Hallowell. 
His father's name was Samuel Bullin, who came from 
Billerica, Massachusetts. Phillip Bullin had five sons 
and two daughters, viz: Hannah, now Mrs. Hunt, of 
Pittston; Paulina, now Mrs. Bliss, of Eau Claire, Wiscon- 
sin; Henry M., now in California; Laura, deceased wife 
of Oliver Goodwin, and Samuel, the subject of this 
sketch, was born in 18 13. He married Olive Banks, of 
Saco, daughter of Cummings Banks. He settled in 
Bradley in 1835 as a blacksmith, though he has a farm. 
He did the blacksmith work of the mills here when they 
were built. Mr. Bullin has now living four children — 
Anna, now Mrs. Tyler, of this town; Lizzie, Henry H., 
Abbie J., all of whom now live here. Mr. B. has served 
his term as Postmaster, Selectman, and Town Treasurer, 
in days past. He is much interested in all that pertains 
in the welfare of the town, having lived here so long. 



BREWER. 



DESCRIPTION. 

This important old town is in one of the most prom- 
inent positions in the county, lying as it does immediately 
adjoining Bangor, with only the river between them. 
Beyond the Penobscot lie Veazie, on the north of 
Brewer, Bangor on the northwest, and a small part of 
the northeast corner of Hampden at the west. East of 
the river the town is bounded by Eddington on the 
northwest, Holden on the southeast, and Orrington at 
the southwest. The tract is thus seen to lie in a general 
direction of northeast and southwest. It is in extreme 
length, from the northernmost angle above North Brewer 
to the south line east of the jog, a little more than 
five and a half miles ; the greatest breadth, from a point 
on the river opposite the cemetery below Brewer, is three 
and one-fifth miles. From that point northeastward the 
width of the town is gradually reduced by the eastward 
trend of the river, and finally by angles in the northeast 
boundary of the town, until it is reduced to nothing a 
little above North Brewer. 

Near the southwest corner, at Brewer Village, the 
Segeunkedunk Stream, which furnishes the outlet through 
Orrington for Brewer's and Field's Ponds, flows into the 
Penobscot, at a little bay, the south shore of which is in 
the extreme corner of the town. The stream runs for 
nearly a mile in Brewer, and furnishes a water-power to 
grist- and other mills just beyond the town line. About 
midway between Brewer Village and Brewer post-office, a 
very small tributary enters the Penobsco't. Another and 
larger one enters at the south part of the latter place. 
Half-way between that and North Brewer comes in Felt's 
Brook, which intersects a large part of the town, having 
a total course of about seven miles within it. It heads 
in the southeast part of the town, and at about two miles, 
distance receives a small tributary from Holden, flowing 
thence in a quite tortuous course to the Penobscot. The 
northeast part of the town is watered by the Eaton 
Brook, which flows acros.s its whole breadth, entering from 
Holden, and receiving a modest affluent from Eddington. 
The Penobscot furnishes to Brewer not only its great 
facilities for navigation, but also the chief industries of 
the town, in ship-builduig and the allied labors. 

This region is also remarkably well supplied with roads. 
Only one leading highway, however, intersects it con- 
tinuously along its entire length — the River road, which 
runs about seven miles in this town, from corner to cor- 
ner, clinging close to the Penobscot all the way. Brew-er 
Village, the larger cluster about Brewer post-office, and 
the hamlet of North Brewer, are all upon this road, as 
also a large part of all other settlements in the town. 
About a mile below the bridges over the Penobscot is the 



cemetery, and a little further above them one of the pub- 
lic school-houses stands on the same road. Several short 
roads — prominent among which is Green Point Road, 
about half-way across the southwest part of the town — 
connect the highways that traverse its breadth. These 
are four in number, lying generally not more than a mile 
apart. One runs from Brewer Village into Holden, with 
a branch just out of the village running into Orrington. 
Another strikes from Brewer post-office, with three 
branches connecting with the wagon bridge over the Pen- 
obscot, and points a little above and below it, straight 
across to Holden, whence it passes into Dedham, Han- 
cock county. Another road across the town diverges 
from the middle of the three branches just mentioned, 
and crosses the town further to the northeast. Near its 
passage of Felt's Brook, a cross-road connects it with the 
other road fiom Brewer post-office, and a quarter of a 
mile beyond the brook another connects it with the route 
fron North Brewer southward across the town, and runs 
half a mile beyond it. Near the intersection of the latter 
two roads another school-house is located. On the roads 
and waters a number of mills, brick-yards, and other fac- 
tories, mostly of modest size, are situated. 

The Bangor & Bucksport railroad, now a narrow-guage, 
enters the town from the railway bridge at Brewer post- 
office, and runs, near the river, but on the land side of 
the river road, for something less than three miles, pass- 
ing Brewer Village on the way, and below that running 
into Orrington. 

EARLY HISTORY. 

Brewer was one of the first tracts settled in the Penob- 
scot Valley. The very next year aftei the pioneer Bussell 
built his cabin on the hillside at Kadesquit, or Kendus- 
keag (now Bangor), the earliest settler planted the stakes 
of civilization on the opposite side of the river at what is 
now Brewer Village, attracted thither, probably, not only 
by the beauty of the location, but by the admirable 
water-power afforded there by the Segeunkedunk Stream. 
This was in the summer of 1770, and the pioneer was 
Colonel John Brewer, formerly of Worcester, Massachu- 
setts, from whom the town takes its name. Some ac- 
count of the peculiar conditions of his settlement will 
be found in the history of Orrington. He was the first 
postmaster of the first post-oflSce established within its 
limits. He was a stout-hearted veteran of the wars and 
the wilderness, and rendered important service to the 
cause of independence during the Revolution, especially 
in July, 1779, during the movement of Saltonstall and 
Eovell against the British works on the summit of the 
Castine Peninsula. A foot-note to page 472, in the sec- 
ond volume of Williamson's History of Maine, says : — 




n ( ( / -^ (t-^^g ( -7-1 /^ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



259 



Captain John Brewer, a saltier at Segeunkedunk (in Brewer), went on 
board the fleet. He had been in the fort on the 25th July, and exam- 
ined it,:- and now gave the General and Commodore every information 
they could desire. 

Three weeks afterwards, from his home at "Segeunke- 
dunk," he viewed the destruction of a large part of the 
American fleet, which had fled up the river to "places 
above and just belowthe mouth of the Kenduskeag,"where 
the vessels were burned or blown up by their own crews, 
to keep them from falling into the hands of the pursuing 
enemy: and he left express testimony as to the time when 
several of these were destroyed, viz, on the 15th of 
August. A number of our people who had been wound- 
ed in the affairs at Major-biguyduce Peninsula, or Cas- 
tine, were taken to Colonel Brewer's house, and there 
received treatment from Dr. Downing, a surgeon of the 
ruined fleet. After the burning by the British of Cap- 
tain Jonathan Buck's mill, dwelling, and much other 
property, with several houses of his neighbors at Eastern 
River (Bucksport), Captain Mowett, commander of the 
British fleet, and a surly, brutal fellow, came up to the 
Segeunkedunk, and actually threatened to stab Colonel 
Brewer with his sword, because he had been instrumental 
in the escape of one Captain Ross, commander of an 
armed American vessel. A cartel had been allowed the 
patriots by the Biitish General McLane, who was a man 
of very different character from Mowett, under which 
they were permitted to take home the wounded that were 
scattered in different settlements along the river; and 
Colonel Brewer's offense was simply that, by virtue of 
this arrangement, he had aided Captain Ross to get 
away through the wilderness homeward. Colonel Brewer 
and family were so alarmed by the acts of the savage 
Mowett and his companions that they, with the family of 
a Mr. Crosby and others residing on the west side of the 
river, hastily packed up their effects and went onavessel 
down the river and bay to Camden, where they were pro- 
tected until they could safely return. Their cattle had 
to be driven down thither through the dense woods. 

OTHER INH.-\BIT.\NTS, ETC. 

By the time the Revolution was fairly under way, it is 
estimated that there were one hundred and sixty inhabi- 
tants in the Brewer region. They became much scat- 
tered during the war, but less than ten years after it 
closed, by the census of 1790, Orringion, "and adjacent 
places," including Brewer, contained 477 inhabitants. 

Among the early settlers were Isaac Robinson, Elisha 
Skinner, Lot Rider, Deodat Brastow, Benjamin Snow, 
and the Holyoke, Fairington, and Burr families. 

Many interesting notes concerning the beginnings at 
Brewer will be found included in the early chapters of 
Judge Godfrey's Annals of Bangor, in this volume. 

In 1800 the municipality in which Brewer was in- 
cluded had 786 inhabitants: in 1810, 1,341. When the 
next census was taken Brewer had become a sejiarate 
town and had 734 people. Its subsequent statistics of 
population are as follow: 1830, 1,078: 1840, 1,736; 
1850, 2,628; i860, 2,835; 1870, 3,214; 1880, 3,170. 

The number of polls in Brewer at the time of its erec- 
tion, 1812, was 162. In 1S20 it had 147 polls. Forty 



years thereafter, in i860, the number had mounted to 
554; in 1870 there were 634, and in 1880, 796. 

The statistics of estates for these same years are: 
1812, $3,981, with a tax of but 61 cents on the $1,000; 
1820, $49,699; i860, $562,499; 1870, 669,867: 1880, 

$735- '69- 

In the year iSoo, when the Congregational church was 
established at Brewer Village, there were but nine houses 
within a circuit of three miles from the place. In 1S16, 
there were eighty-six dwellings in Brewer, besides other 
buildings, 

ANTIQUITIES, 

One of the supposed sites of Norumbega, the fabulous 
city in the Penobscot wilderness, is on the "Brimmer 
Flats," in this town, opposite the mouth of the Kendus- 
keag. The name is usually appropriated as the pre-his- 
toric title of the Bangor site; but it is certain that the old 
maps represent Norumbega on the east side of the river, 
and if there was any such place, and its situation is repre- 
sented with approximate correctness upon these charts, 
it inust have stood upon or near the present territory of 
Brewer. 

It was upon this side of the river, also (although Mr, 
Williamson says "on the westerly side"), near Treat's 
Falls, that Governor Pownal landed, with General Samuel 
^Valdo and an armed party of one hundred and thirty- 
six men, on his expedition up the Penobscot in May, 
1759, while his fort was building at Fort Point, "From 
this place," says Mr. Williamson, "he sent a message to 
the Tarratine tribe, giving them notice of the enterprise 
undertaken at Fort Point, and assuring them if they 
should fall upon the English and kill any of them, the 
whole tribe should be hunted and driven from the coun- 
try. 'But,' added he, 'though we neither fear your re- 
sentment nor seek your favor, we pity your distresses; 
and if you will become the subjects .of his Majesty and 
live near the fort, you shall have our protection and en- 
joy your planting grounds and your hunting berths with- 
out molestation.'" 

A certain tragic interest attaches to this visit and to 
the spot "just above the falls," says Governor Pownal 
in his journal. General Waldo, the Governor's compan- 
ion during the excursion, was one of the grantees of the 
Muscongus (commonly called the Waldo) Patent, on the 
west side of the Low^er Penobscot, and was naturally 
much interested in the construction of Fort Pownal, 
which promised protection and warranted rapid settle- 
ment in all the Penobscot country. He had conceived 
the impression that the Patent, when surveyed, would 
be found to include the ground upon which the party 
were then standing; and separating himself from them a 
little distance, he took a comprehensive survey of the 
surroundings, and exclaimed, "Here is my bound." No 
sooner had he thus congratulated himself upon the ex- 
tent and value of the domain of the Waldo proprietors 
than he fell and almost instantly expired of a stroke of 
apoplexy. This was on the 23d of May, 1759, The 
General was sixty-three years of age, and had been one 
of the most prominent characters of his time in military 
and other enterprises, bearing an especially conspicu- 



26o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ous and honorable part in the taking of Louisburg. 
The leaden plate which Governor Pownal buried 
somewhere in this vicinity was not marked, as Mr. AVil- 
liamson asserts, with "an inscription of the melancholy 
event," but rather with a declaration of the supremacy of 
the English power in this region. Its full text, with co- 
pious extracts from the Governor's journal, may be found 
in our Military Chapter in the General History. 

MUNICIPAL ORG.\NIZATION. 

Brewer, as we have seen in a notice of the census of 
1790, was at first merely included in the mention of 
"adjacent places" to Orrington. The first corporate 
name in the present Penobscot county, west of the river, 
was New Worcester, under which designation were in- 
cluded the later Brewer, Orrington, and Holden. The 
name was taken from the ancestral home of Colonel 
Brewer. It was also known as Plantation No. 9, from 
the township number in the surveys. When Orrington 
was erected as the fifty-third town in the district, March 
21, 178S, it included the territory of the subsequent 
Brewer. The township had been regularly surveyed 
four years before, by Barnabas Dodge; and the next 
year (1785) a grant was inade by the State of Massachu- 
setts to Colonel Brewer and Simeon Fowler, of Orrington, 
of all its front or water lots, — that is, those that lay on 
the Penobscot, — while the rest of the Orrington and 
Brewer territory was granted to Moses Knapp and 
others associated with him. The former amounted to 
ten thousand eight hundred and sixty-four acres, for 
which Brewer and Fowler paid ^3,000, in the consoli- 
dated notes of the period. 

By 18 1 2 the population of the large town of old Or- 
rington had become so numerous and so widely dispersed 
throughout its territory that a new town was demanded ; 
and on the 2 2d of February, a date forever associated 
with the birth of the Father of his Country, shortly be- 
fore the outbreak of the last war with Great Britain, the 
town of Brewer was carved from its northern part, with 
about its present boundaries. It was the one hundred 
and ninety-first town erected in the District of Maine. 
The new town contained 23,582 acres, or the lion's share 
of the 37,304 acres constituting the old Orrington. 

THE FIRST POST-OFFICE 

was established at Brewer Village in 1800, with Colonel 
Brewer as the first postmaster. He handled the light 
mails of his day here for thirty years. Until 1812, when 
the office was opened at Orrington, it was the only post- 
office west of the river, in the present Penobscot county. 
The mail was carried to it in the early days on horseback 
once a week. Mr. Daniel Shedd is the postmaster at 
this writing. 

An office was later established at Brewer, at the end 
of the wagon bridge. Mr. W. P. Burns is now the offi- 
cial in charge. These are so far the only post-offices in 
the town. 

ITEMS OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 

The good people of Brewer relied in their earlier day 
for their pulpit instructions and religious ministrations 
mainly upon Bangor, where the Rev. Seth Noble — he 



who had the place named for his favorite hymn-tune — 
had been settled as a Congregational preacher in 1788. 
His congregation, indeed, had been made up of Congre- 
gationalists and sympathizers with their faith, in the towns 
of Bangor and Orrington (Brewer inclusive), and had a 
name to correspond. He remained eight years, and was 
dismissed. In 1800 came the Rev. James Boyd, who 
remained one year, and was in his turn dismissed. In 
this year, the opening one of the century, the First Con- 
gregational church of Brewer, and the first Congrega- 
tional church, so called, in the county, was organized. 
The exact date is September 7, 1800, The Rev. C. A. 
Beckwith is now its pastor. 

The Second Congregational church, or the society at 
Brewer Village, was organized January 18, 1843. The 
l<.ev. Clarence E. Sargent was its last pastor, leaving it so 
lately as September, 1881, after some years of successful 
ministry. 

A Methodist church has also been organized in the 
town, of which Rev. A. S. Townsend was preacher in 
charge in 1881. 

OTHER 0RGAN1Z.\TI0NS. 

The people of Brewer are not greatly given, it would 
seem, to associated effort. The only society, beside the 
religious bodies named, that has any public notoriety in 
the town, is the Pine Grove Grange, No. 233, of the 
Patrons of Industry. It was organized November 15, 
1877, and meets on Monday evenings. 

SCHOOL-HOUSES 

in the town number eleven, with fifteen schools therein, 
and one free high school at the ferry village. 

INDUSTRIES OF BREWER. 

At the beginning of the century but one vessel was 
owned in Brewer. It subsequently became, however, a 
great place for shipbuilding, more vessels having been 
launched here most years than at Bangor or any other 
place on the river. In 1861, for example, the steamer 
Gazelle and the brigs Moses Day and Timothy Field, the 
latter of 397 and 167 tons, respectively, were launched 
here. The next year the brigs Caroline Eddy and Fron- 
tier, the barks Monitor, Limerick Lass, City of Bangor, 
Ironsides, and Templar, and the schooner Maria Lunt, 
with an aggregate tonnage of 3,303, came from the 
Brewer shipyards. Then, in successive years, were 
launched the ships Dumbarton (941 tons), Nevada, and 
F. Carver, the brig Clara P. Gibbs, the bark Evening 
Star, the schooners July Fourth and General Banks, 
1863 (Bangor launched but one vessel this year) ; the 
ship David Brown, the brigs Katahdin, T. A. Darrell, and 
Atlas, the bark Charlotte A. Litchfield, and the schooners 
Moses Patten and Mary Patten, in 1864; in 1865, the 
ships Jennie Hight (1,117 tons) Hattie E. Tapley (946) 
and Florence Treat (790), the brig Eugenia, the schoon- 
ers Mattie Holmes, Fanny Elder, and Izetta; in 1866 
the ship Phineas Pendleton (1,333 tons), the barks 
Helena, Albert Emerson, Argentine, and Hosea Rich, 
the brigs Caroline Gulliver, Charlotte, and Rachel Coney, 
and the schooners Mary Collins, Paul Seavey, and 
Dauntless; and in 1867 the brigs George E. Dake, Mau- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



261 



rice, and Manson, and the schooners Darius Eddy, 
Charles E. Hellier, NeUie Treat, Fred Smith, and lona. 
Bangdr launched but one vessel this year — the schooner 
Anna I, eland, of 139 tons. 

Brick-making is also a leading industry in the town, 
for which the clay in its soil affords excellent opportuni- 
ties. About a dozen persons or firms are engaged in this 
manufacture, some of them, as the Brewer Steam Brick 
Company, quite extensively. Brick machines are also 
made by two firms. 

There are about half the number of brick-makers en- 
gaged in saw-milling; but the greatness of their annual 
product makes this industry much more important than 
the other. Some of the works, as those nf Messrs. D. 
Sargent's Sons, at Brewer Village, upon the old mill-site of 
Colonel Brewer, are very extensive. There are two plan- 
ing- and molding-mills, and two grist-mills. 

Among the lesser but still important industries in 
Brewer are the manufactures of sails, boats, leather, 
wooden boxes, carriages, boots and shoes, brush woods 
and broom handles, churns and spinning-wheels, woolen 
mittens, cooperage, harness, etc., etc., and the usual trades 
and professions are represented in large number. 

Joseph Oakes & Son, ship-builders, have a marine rail- 
way on Main street, in the upper village. 

Agriculture is not neglected, and is extensively pur- 
sued in the town, adding considerably to its resources 
and wealth. 

THE BREWER SAVINGS-B.\NK 

was organized on the first of May, 1869. In 1877 it re- 
ported for the year $49,013.75 deposits and profits; in 
1S80, $42,592.98, with 313 depositors and a reserve fund 
of $263.34. Mr. William P. Burr is President, and E. 
P. Farrington Treasurer of the bank. 
The town has as yet no National bank. 

BRIDGES .\NLl FERRV. 

Mr. E. F. Duren furnishes the following historical 
note concerning the bridge across the Penobscot, con- 
necting Brewer and Bangor : 

The Bangor Bridge Company l5uilt the first bridge over the Penob- 
scot River in 1832. Unas 440 y.irds in length; its cost $50,000. It 
was carried away by the flood in 1846, and rebuilt in 1847. A Railroad 
bridge for the Bangor & Bucksport Road crosses the Penobscot River 
east of the covered Penobscot bridge. It was built m 1873. 

A ferry for foot passengers has also long plied to Brewer 
from the foot of Union street, in Bangor. 

THE FLOOD OF '46. 

The Bangor Courier, in a vivid account of the great 
flood of 1846, caused by the jam of ice in the Penobscot 
and the Kenduskeag, includes the following incident : 

There were some families in great peril. A family living at the 
Point, between Brewer Village and the river, were alarmed by the ap- 
proach of the flood, and started, several women in the number, for 
higher land in the vicinity, but before reaching it the water was up to 
ihhcir armpits. They reached what was tlien an island, and were com- 
pelled to remain during the night. 

Twenty women and children, as the water flowed over the plain at 
Brewer, fled to a school-house, but could not return, and were obliged 
to go back upon the hills and remain until the water subsided. 

BIOGR.\PHIC.\U 

A humorous article on "Penobscot Characters," in the 



entertaining little volume entitled Voices from the Ken- 
duskeag, contains the following anecdotes of one of the 
old-time notabilities of this town : 

A character of considerable humor was Captain Jacob Hart, of East 
Brewer. He was an officer in the War of the Revolution, and while 
in the army acquired habits of military precision and milit.ary vivacity 
that adhered to him through life. He had also the habit of interlard- 
ing his observations with the expressions "pretty likely — hum," "of 
course — yes." At one time he had indulged too freely, and, coming 
out of the Hatch tavern, he attempted to descend the long flight of 
steps that used to lead to the road; but, making a misstep, he rolled to 
the bottom. Picking himself up as speedily as possible, he turned to 
the right-about-face, and said with inililary promptness: "As you are. 
Jake Hart, pretty likely." Then, looking towards the witnesses of 
his mishap, the Captain made the following proposition: " If .iny man 
in the town of Bangor can tumble down stairs equal to old fake Hart, 
he has an undoubted right to try it — hum — pretty likely — of course — 
yes." 

He once sold a citizen some hay. The gentleman inquired if it was 
fine hay. The Captain replied: "Hum, pretty likely — fine hay, of 
course, yes." Without examining it. the gentleman paid him and di- 
rected him to put it into his barn. On using it he found it was very 
coarse hay, and when the Captain again made his appearance, he took 
hiin to task for cheating him. The Captain raised his eyes in amaze- 
ment, and inquired wherein he had cheated him. 

" In the hay; you told meit was fine hay, when it was coarse." 

" Hum— pretty likely — I told you 'twas fine hay, of coarse, yes — of 
c-o-a-r-s-e." 

Of course the gentleman said no more. 

The following military biographies are extracted from 
General Hodsdon's reports as Adjutant-General of the 
State during the war period : 

Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas D. Chamberlain en- 
listed as a private in the Twentieth Maine Volunteers at 
the organization of the regiment. He was subsequently 
promoted to be Sergeant, and upon recommendation of 
his company and regimental commanders was still farther 
promoted in January of 1862, to the first Lieutenantcy of 
Company G. He was soon afterwards detailed as Acting 
Adjutant of the regiment. For general efficiency and 
gallantry at the battle of Gettysburg, he was promoted to 
the captaincy of Company G. In this capacity he 
served through all the campaign of 1864, was wounded 
at Bethesda Church, Virginia, and breveted Major for 
gallant and distinguished services at the battle of Peebles' 
Farm, Virginia. In December, 1864, he was a]ipointed 
Provost Marshal of First Division, Fifth Corps, and per- 
formed the duties of tliis office until May, 1865, when he 
was appointed by order of the War Department Com- 
missary of Musters of the same command, and mustered 
out of service the larger part of the troops of that di- 
vision. 

In June, 1865, he was commissioned Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the Twentieth Regiment, and subsequently 
recommended for brevet colonelcy for gallant and distin- 
guished services at the battle of I'ive Forks, Virginia. 
He was mustered out of service with his regiment at the 
disbanding of the provisional corps, having risen from 
the ranks, served three years constantly at the front, in 
twenty-five battles and skirmishes, every engagement in 
which his regiment participated, aud having been twice 
breveted for gallant services. 

Captain Billings Brastovv, of Brewer, enlisted into 
the United States service as Second Lieutenant, Com- 
pany I, Ninth Infantry, and was subsequently promoted 



262 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



First Lieutenant, and then Captain of the same com- 
mand. When his regiment was in General Gibnore's 
department, his name was often rendered conspicuous 
for valor, and especially for the gallantry of his com- 
mand in the charges and capture of battle-flags at Fort 
Wagner. While a Lieutenant, he was for a large part of 
the time Acting Adjutant and Captain; and whilst Cap- 
tain, Acting Colonel. He participated in every battle in 
which his regiment was engaged, excepting one — making, 
in all, nearly thirty actions. Captain Brastow was in 
command of the regiment at the taking of St. Mary's; 
and at Morris Island, with one hundred and twenty-five 
men, he attacked the Twenty first South Carolina Regi- 
ment, numbering about six hundred, driving them from 
their rifle-pits and taking some thirty prisoners and 
two stands of colors. At the battle of Deep Bottom his 
regiment was outflanked upon the right and left, but by a 
bold and rapid movement he pierced the enemy's lines, 
and in the midst of a most deadly fire carried his com- 
tnand to our lines with the loss of thirty-nine men and 
all his officers then on duty who were either killed, 
wounded, or otherwise disabled. He also led the attack 
upon the enemy at the time that General Weitzel was in 
danger of losing his right, dislodging the enemy, and 
driving him more than a mile over almost impassable 
barriers. 

Captain Brastow never asked his men to go where 
he was not in readiness to lead them in person. After 
the fatal attack upon Battery Gilmore, the command of 
the regiment again devolved upon Captain Brastow, when, 
leading his men against the enemy at the battle of Laurel 
Hill Church, September 29, 1864, he was instantly 
killed. The deceased was a noble young man ; none 
braver ever drew a sword. 

The following notices are included in the Roll of 
Honor of Bowdoin College, also published in the Adju- 
tant-General's reports. The figures prefixed name the 
classes to which the soldiers belonged: 

1852. — Joshua L. Chamberlain; born, Brewer, Septem- 
ber, 182S; early education in Colonel Whiting's military 
school, Ellsworth: graduated Bangor Theological Semin- 
ary, 1855; Tutor Bowdoin College the same year; Pro- 
fessor of Rhetoric and Oratory, 1856; Professor of 
Modern Languages, i860. Leave of absence being 
granted, August, 1862, for the purpose of visiting Europe, 
he tendered his services to the Government; August 8th 
appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Twentieth Maine; partici- 
pated in battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chan- 
cellorsville; promoted Colonel, May, 1863; commanded 
our left flank on Littld Round Top, Gettysburg; specially 
commended for handling his troops, and promoted to 
command the famous Light Brigade, Fifth Corps; in all 
the campaigns of the army of the Potomac from that time 
till the close of the war; severely wounded in front of 
Petersburg; promoted Brigadier-General on the field by 
General Grant "for gallant conduct in leading his brigade 
in a charge," June, 1864; President court-martial while 
recovering from wounds; opened Grant's last campaign 
by assault on the enemy's right flank at "Quaker Road," 
March, 1865, for brilliant success in which was breveted 



Major General, and assigned to command a division; in 
battles of White Oak Road and Five Forks had two 
horses shot under him, and was twice wounded in the 
breast and arm ; had the advance in the last action, April 
9, 1865, and was designated to receive the fornfal sur- 
render of Lee's army at Appomattox Court House; re- 
turned to his Professorship, September, 1865; Governor 
of Maine. 

1857. — Louis O. Barstow; born. Brewer, November, 
1834; pursued a theological course at Bangor; was set- 
tled in the ministry at St. Johnsbury, Vermont; served 
as Chaplain of the Fourteenth Vermont. 

1859. — John C. Chamberlain; born. Brewer, August, 
1838; pursued a theological course at Bangor; commis- 
sioned Chaplain Eleventh Maine, but served on United 
States Christian Commission, and rendered important 
service at the battle of Gettysburg. 

Lieutenant-Colonel J. Sumner Rogers, late Principal of 
the Military Academy at Orchard Lake, Michigan, and 
many other soldiers of more or less distinction, were also 
from Brewer. They will be found mentioned in our 
Military Chapter. 

A full biographical sketch of Mr. Daniel Sargent,head 
of the influential Sargent family of this town, is given on 
another page. As there noted, he has had four children, 
viz: Susan P., Harlan P., Daniel .'\., and Albert P., all !,, 
of whom now live in Brewer. Daniel A. married for his H 
first wife Fannie F. Bragg, by whom he had four chil- * ~ 
dren, viz: Donald A., Robert P. (deceased), Fannie F., 
and AUston (twins). Mrs. Sargent died in 1874, and 
Mr. Sargent married for his second wife Helen F. Nick- 
erson, of Brewer, by whom he has one child — George G. 
In 1873 Mr. Sargent added the ice trade to his other 
business, so he now is engaged in the lumber and ice busi- 
ness, while the old gentleman looks after the affairs of 
the grocery. 

S. H. Smith, of the firm of Smith, Woodbury & Co., 
is the son of Daniel and Elizabeth Smith, from the west- 
ern part of this State. They had three children, two 
boys and one girl, of whom Mr. Smith is the only one 
living. Daniel Smith had also four children by a previ- 
ous wife. J. H. Smith was born March 19, 1834, in 
Piscataquis county, Maine. He came to Brewer when 
seventeen years old, where he has ever since lived. He 
worked at the joiner's trade until 1862, then went into 
the army. After the war he went into the mill in Brewer. 
He married Miss Emeline Hatch, of Nobleboro, in 

1856. By her he had two children, viz: Lizzie May, 

• ... 

and Carrie E., who died in 1881. Mrs. Smith died in 

i860, and Mr. Smith married for his second wife Lydia 
H. Genthner, of Parkman. They have one child — Lena 
A. The planing-mill was first started here by Washing- 
ton Hall, in 1851, by whom it w-as run until 1872, when 
he sold out entirely. Mr. Smith bought an interest in this 
mill in 1865, and has bought further interests from time 
to time since, adding other kinds of manufacturing. Mr. 
James bought an interest in 1873, and they added the 
manufacture of brush-woods, broom and duster handles.' 
Mr. James subsequently bought out that part of the busi- 
ness and still runs it himself. In 1878 they added the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



263 



manufacture of boxes, which they now turn out in large 

quantities. They run three board-planers, one clapboard- 
planer,' and one knee-planer. They also keep lumber for 
sale, both long and short. 

Anfong the leading manufactures of Brewer is that of 
brush- woods of all kinds, as carried on by J. H. James. 
Mr. James is the son of John and Lucy James, of 
Athens, Somerset county. He is the fourth son of the 
family of five sons and one daughter — Betsey, William 
A., Lorenzo D., J. H., and Isaiah H. 

J. H. James was born June 9th, 1837. After finish- 
ing a common school education he engaged in the busi- 
ness he now follows in the city of Bangor. Mr. James 
married for his first wife Ellen N. Nicholson, of Bangor. 
By this union there was one child — Ralph H. Mrs. 
James died January 26th, 1875, and Mr. James married 
for his second wife Mary E. Hodgdon, of Bangor, by 
whom he has two children — Lucy E. and John H. Mr. 
James began the manufacture of brush woods in 1874. 
He has largely increased his facilities until now he em- 
ploys eighteen men making rhillions of these blocks for 
all kinds of brushes, such as boot brushes, paint brushes, 
kalsomine brushes, etc., etc., which find sales all over 
the United States. He sends them to Europe also. i 

One of the oldest lumbermen on the Penobscot is Mr. 1 
\V. H. Maling. His father, William, was a native of 
Nova Scotia, ^\■illiam and Ellen Maling had six chil- 
dren, five sons and one daughter — John Maling, now of 
Liverpool, Nova Scotia; Susan, now Mrs. Lothrop, of 
Clementsville, Nova Scotia; W. H.; James, killed in the 
civil war; Andrew, of Annapolis, Nova Scotia, and George, 
of St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia. W. H. Maling was 
born May 7th, 1825. At the age of sixteen he went in- 
to the lumber business for himself. In 1847 he came to 
Lincoln, in this county. He has since lived in Medway, 
Winn, and Brewer, where he now resides. He settled 
in Brewer in 1862. He married Augusta White, daugh- 
ter of John and Mary White. They have seven children 
— George, Melvin, Jerome, John, I.illie A., Charles H., 
and Gussie. They have lost four children. Mr. Maling is 
a member of the Milford Land and Lumber Company. It 
was through his efforts the company was formed, and 
through him the purchase was made. He has probably 
explored and located as much timber-land as any other 
man on the Penobscot. The Milford Land and Lumber 
Company will this year cut up ten million feet of long 
luinber, ten million of short lumber, and seven million 
shingles, besides large quantities of lath, clapboards, 
pickets, etc., etc. 

Among the earliest settlers in the town of Brewer (then 
Orrington) was John Holyoke, who with his wife, a 
sister of Major Robert Treat, who settled in Bangor at 
the same time, and two children, moved from Boston, 
Massachusetts, about the year 1776. He took up two 
lots of land, each containing one hundred acres, one 
above, the other below where the Penobscot bridge now 
stands, each lot being forty rods on the river by four 
hundred back. It is pretty well known that Mr. Holyoke 
was one of the number concerned in the destruction of 
the tea in Boston harbor a few years before, although no 



such disclosure ever came from him, the whole party 
being pledged to secrecy ; yet the fact rests on such cor- 
roborative testimony as to leave no doubt of its truth. 
Mr. Holyoke at first built a log house on the hill on the 
ujiper lot, which certainly must have been very difficult 
of approach from the river, their only highway at the 
time. The reasons for this are not very apparent to us 
of this day, when we further consider that upon the 
abundance of fish which the waters of the river supplied 
they had to depend for part of their living and for fertiliz- 
ing their land. A new frame house was soon built on 
the flat on the lower lot, about twenty rods from the 
river, which has recently given place to another building. 
This place was one of large resort for the public generally, 
and here Mr. Holyoke raised a family of seven sons and 
three daughters. His oldest son, John, settled on the 
more northerly of the two lots taken by his father, and 
raised a family of eight sons and four daughters. Five 
of his family, viz., John, Charles, Caleb, Joseph, and 
Mary have remained, and are living in Brewer. They 
are all Republicans, and have shared fully in the political 
and financial responsibilities of the day. John, the 
oldest son of those living, was in 1S63 elected to the 
Maine Legislature by the towns of Brewer and Orring- 
ton, and also in 1865 : and was President of the Brewer 
Savings-bank for the term of fourteen years. Caleb was 
elected a member of our Legislature in i86g, and was a 
Director in the Traders' Bank of Bangor for twenty-six 
years. Ur. Thomas Holyoke, the eighth son, was elected 
a Representative to the Iowa Legislature, and served two 
years in succession, and also was President of a National 
bank in the city of Grinnell. 

An eventful life is that of Captain F. G. .■\rey, of 
Brewer. He is the son of Joseph and Thankful Arey, 
of Bucksport, Maine. He was born July 26, 1822. His 
father was lost at sea before his birth, and his mother 
was left with three children and very small means, F. 
G., the subject of this sketch, being the youngest. He 
went to sea early in life and followed it in all capacities 
till he was thirty-five years of age, up to master and 
owner. In 1855 he caine to Brewer and bought the 
brick store where he traded about eighteen or twenty 
years. He now deals in real estate, wild lands, and lum- 
ber lands, also buys and sells wood and bark, and, in 
fact, almost anything that will sell. He owns several 
sailing vessels, a wharf, etc. He first married Julia V. 
Hoben, by whom he had one child, who died in infancy. 
Mrs. Arey died in 1S44, and Mr. Arey again married 
Nancy B. Farrington in 1846 ; was again left a widower 
in i860, and married for his third wife, with whom he is 
now living, Carolina A. Doane. By his second wife he 
has four daughters. By his present wife he has four 
children also, three girls and one boy. Though left to 
make his own way in the world he ha.s, by his indomit- 
able pluck and perseverance, united to good business 
ability, become one of the wealthy men of the town. 

Jacob L. Barker is the son of Cyrus and Rachel 
Barker, of Lewiston. Cyrus Barker had ten children, 
viz: Sally, David, Maty, Cyrus, jr., Lydia, J. L., Nelson 
P., of Monmouth, Cassan Dana, now Mrs. Howe, of 



264 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Wisconsin, all of whom are deceased except the three 
last named. J. L. Barker was born September 15, 1805. 
He settled in Brewer in 1833, and has followed the busi- 
ness of house carpenter ever since. In 1833 he married 
Mary Holyoke, daughter of John and Miriam Holyoke, 
who were among the early settlers of Brewer. From this 
union there have been five children, viz: Elza H,, now 
Mrs. Shackley, of Brewer ; Annie M., now Mrs. Hol- 
brook, of Brewer: Henry L., of San Francisco, California; 
John N., of Brewer, and one wlio died in inf;incy. Mr. 
Barker has held the office of County Commissioner, 
Selectman, and minor officer several terms, and is spoken 
of as one of the substantial citizens of the town. 

Among the oldest inhabitants of Brewer who were 
born here, is Mr. Brazer Brastow. He is the son of 
Thomas Brastow, of Wrentham, Massachusetts, who 
came here among the earliest settlers of this town. 
Brazer Brastow is the youngest son of Thomas Brastow, 
who had five children, three sons and two daughters. 
He married Maria Sampson, of Kingston, Massachusetts. 
They have had eight children, five sons and three daugh- 
ters, viz : Thomas E., of Rockport, Maine; James B., of 
Worcester, Massachusetts ; Marie E., now Mrs. Hodges, 
of Orrington ; Lucy P., now Mrs. Sieej^er, of Sherman, 
Maine ; Fred H., ot Brewer ; William H., now deceased ; 
George C, of Brewer ; Julia T., now at home. Mr. 
Brastow first settled in Brewer, where he has lived most 
of the time, until within si.\ years, since which he 
has lived in Orrington. He owns a fine farm of about 
130 acres. He has been engaged in lumber and milling 
business most of his life. 

Mr. G. C. Brastow is the fifth son of Brazer Brastow, 
a sketch of whose life may be found in the paragraph 
above. He was born January 31, 1850. He settled on 
the place where he now lives in 1877. He has always 
followed the business of milling (flour). In 1877 he 
married Miss Gertrude B. Pierce, daughter of Nathaniel 
and Sarah Pierce, of this town. They have one child, 
Frankie C. Mr. Brastow's mill is situated in Orrington, 
and has a capacity of thirty thousand bushels a year. 
He does principally a custom work, though some mer- 
chant milling is done in this mill. 

William P. Burr, the present postmaster of Brewer is a 
grandson of Joseph Burr, who came to Brewer from 
Massachusetts. Joseph and Charles Burr were the first 
settlers in Brewer, at least Mr. William P. Burr so thinks. 
Joseph Burr married Sally P. Clould. They had eleven 
children — Joseph B., Jonathan, Sally R., William P., 
Ann Eliza G., Mary Eleanor, Hiram, Martha, Martha 
B., Harriet N., and Benjamin A. Jonathan Burr, the 
second son of this family, married Sophia Wiswell, of 
Holden, Maine. They had six children, viz: George 
W., of San Francisco, California; Mary S., deceased; 
Charles Jackson, of Brewer; M'illiam P.; Francis O. J., 
deceased; and Martha Ann, now Mrs. L. D. Parker, of 
Brewer. Mr. Burr was a prominent man, and for many 
years held prominent political positions. He was a 
member of the Legislature several terms. He died 
August 6, 1845; Mrs. Burr died May 22, 187 1. William 
P. was born September 10, 1833. His father being a 



business man in Brewer, William received such an edu- 
cation as the public school afforded until about, seven- 
teen, when he entered a printing office and learned the 
printer's trade. There he spent some five years, when 
he went to Machias, and remained two years as journey- 
man printer. From Machias he went to Ellsworth, and, 
after working two years, he purchased a half interest in 
the Ellsworth American, a Republican newspaper, N. K. 
Sawyer owning the other half. Here Mr. B. lived until 
1865, when he sold out to Mr. Sawyer, and moved to 
Brewer, where he has since lived. On coming to Brewer, 
he engaged in grocery business, and continued in that 
about five years. About 1869 he was elected Town 
Treasurer and Town Clerk, which offices he held for 
nine years. In 1879 he was appointed postmaster, 
vchich office he still holds. He married Alice A. Long- 
fellow, of Machias, who died June 9, 1876. Mr. Burr 
married, for his second wife, Emma A. Washburn, of 
Brewer. He has no children, but lost two in infancy, 
one by each wife. During the winter of 1878-79 he was 
a member of the Greenback Legislature, being the only 
Republican e.xcept one from this district. 

Orlando Moore is son of Seth W. Moore, of Holden. 
He was born April 2, 1840, and lived in Holden until 
twenty-one years of age, since which he has always lived 
in Brewer. He has been the toll gatherer since 1866. 
He spent three years in the army and navy after leaving 
home. He married Carrie M. Skinner, daughter of 
John K. Skinner, of Brewer. Mrs. Moore died in May, 
1S75. Mr. Moore married for his second wife Miss T. 
A. Merrill, daughter of Joseph Merrill, of Bangor. By 
his first wife he had one daughter, /Mice, now deceased. 
By his second wife he has two sons, viz: Orlando M., 
and Frankie II. Mr. Moore is now serving as Consta- 
ble, Town Treasurer, and Collector, also surveyor of 
wood and bark. He has held the office of Constable 
nine years, also surveyor of wood and bark same length 
of time. 

The subject of this sketch, Mr. George W. Patten, 
was born November 2, 1S43. He is the only son of 
Willis and Hannah Patten, of Brewer. After receiving 
a common and high school education he entered into 
surveying lumber. He continued in that business until 
1876, when he removed to Quincy, Massachusetts, 
and worked in a lumber yard until 1877, when he 
came back to Bangor and opened the grocery and 
provision store which he now occupies, at 41 and 43 
Washington street, near the toll house. He seems at 
this time to be doing a lively business. He holds the 
office of Selectman of Brewer, which he has held for 
five years. 

Francis F. Sparks was born m the town of Orland, 
Maine, August 20, 1820. He was captain of a vessel, 
and died at sea, February 13, 1853. His wife was Sarah 
L. Dorr, who was boin in the town of Penobscot, April 
16, 1822, and died in Brewer in 1872, aged fifty years. 
They raised a family of four children: Emma F., mar- 
ried to Daniel S. Knight; Sarah F., wife of J. B. May- 
berry, and has one child, a son; Francis E., married 
Laura J. Rose, and has two sons. Henry T. Sparks, the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



265 



subject of this sketch, and the fourth child of Francis 
F. and Sarah L. Sparks, was born in Orland, Maine, 
October 26, 1S51. He is by trade a tin plate worker 
and stove dealer, which business he follows in Brewer, 
under the firm name of Kellen & Sparks. The 30th 
day of May, 1S74, he was married to Ella J. Hall, of 
Brewer, by whom he has two children — Lottie E. and 
Sadie A. — both of whom reside at home. The father of 
Mrs. Sparks, who is yet living, is Francis Hall. Her 
mother, now deceased, was Olive Hutrhins. 

Luther S. Pierce was born in the town of Moscow, 
Maine, .\ugust 25, 1820, where he lived forty-seven years, 
when he removed to Brewer, in the same State, where he 
still follows the occupation of farming. For a wife he 
chose Nancy T. Greenwood, who was also born at Mos- 
cow, August 2, 1S24. They were married June 15, 1848. 
Their children were: Cyras A.; Amos, born May 26, 

1850, died in infancy; Lavinia E., born November 21, 

185 1, married S. D. Copeland, and has one daughter, 
named Dora; Dora E., born February 24, 1853, married 
I. E. Dole, and has two children, Edith, and an infant 
not yet named; Lucinda B., born February 8, 1855, 
died in August, 1857; Clara J., born January 27, 1857; 
Rosa L., born October 8, 1858; Melvin L., born Janu- 
ary 20, 1 86 1, resides at home; Cora M., born April 19, 
1863; Randall S., born April 23, 1866; Lyman G., born 
in Brewer, December 26, 1S69. The five last mentioned 
reside at home. The subject of this sketch, Cyrus A. 
Pierce, was born in Moscow, ^L1ine, April 16, 1S49, 
where he now lives and follows the business of house- 
carpenter. He was married August 20, 1877, to Maria 
L. Burleigh, bv whom he has two children — Clarence B., 
born June 25, 1879, and Nina, born March 25, 1881. 
The father of Mrs. Pierce was Joshua P. Burleigh, who 
is yet living, and her mother, Betsey Silsby Burleigh, now 
deceased. 

George Leach, father of William J. Leach, was born in 
the town of Penobscot, I\Laine, in the year 1S06. He 
lived in the town of his nativity forty-one years, when he 
removed to Brewer, in the same State, where he died in 
1874. His occupation through life was that of a farmer 
and ship-carpenter. In 1823 he married Betsey P. Dorr, 
who was born in the town of Penobscot, Maine, in 1804. 
She died in Brewer in 1875, aged seventy-one years. 
They raised a family of nine children: Bryant E. married 
Sarah J. Mann, and died in 1864, leaving no children. 
Abby D. married Charles N. Sawyer, and has seven chil- 
dren. Mary C. married Daniel P. Colson, and died in 
1862, leaving one child. Samuel F. married Ellen M. 
Leach, and died in 1879, leaving one child. Silas D. 
married Sarah J. Sargent, and has four children. Joan 
M. married .Albert F. Gerry, and has five children. Har- 
riet B. married Charles A. Greene, and has two children. 
Acelia S. married Charles C. Dorons, and has one child. 
Caroline H. married Elbridge C. Patten, and has two 
children. Henry J. Leach, the subject of this sketch, and 
the sixth child, was born in the town of Penobscot, 
Maine, the 23d day of July, 1834. His business has 
been boat building. On the 21st day of January, 1866, 
he married Ada J. Ray, and had two children, Vallie 
34 



F. and Ernest E. Vallie F. was accidentally killed by a 
runaway horse May 30, 1879. Ernest E. died from dis- 
ease the 7th day of January, 1879. The father of Mrs. 
Leach was William N. Ray, who is yet living. Her 
mother was Emily P. Chick Ray, who died in 1874. 

A\'illiam E. Southard was a native of Bloomfield, Ken- 
nebec county, Maine, where he was born in 1S09. When 
a young man he moved to the town of St. Albans, Som- 
erset county, where he passed the remainder of his life, 
and died in 1878, aged sixty-nine years and six months. 
He was by occupation a farmer and carpenter. His wife 
was Julia A. Avery, born in the town of Harmony, Som- 
erset county, Maine, about the year 18 16, to whom he 
was married in 1843. ^I^s. Southard is living, aged 
sixty-five years, in the town of St. Albans. Their chil- 
dren were Charles A.; Daniel H. married Frances Leach 
and has five children. Warren A. married Roxie Rogers 
and has two children. Calvin B. married Lizzie Marble 
and has two children. Leander P. married Hattie Pack- 
ard, and has no children. Charles A., the eldest child, 
was born in the town of St. Albans (now Hartland), the 
2d day of February, 1844- He was married November 
8, 1864, to Miss Abby V. Goodwin. Her father is Hiram 
Harris, and her mother was Sarah Vinning, both of whom 
are now living. 

Ithamer Kenney was born in the town of Eddington, 
Maine, September 19, 1813, and died at the town of 
Holden, Maine, March 30, 1875, aged sixty-one years 
and six months. He was a farmer and merchant. His 
wil'e was I\Iary W. Orcutt, who was born in Eddington, 
January 29, 1826. They were married in Brewer in the 
year 1842, and had a family of eleven children: Char- 
lotte E., born, December 18, 1842; married George B. 
Churchill, of Holden, December 22, i86r, by whom she 
had one child, Willie E. (deceased); she died, January 
18, 1S64. Angeline M., born, June 19, 1844; died, 
March 2, 1857. Mary J., born, June 10, 1845; married 
Ephraim A. Gorden, of \\interport, May 6, 1868, and 
has six children — Annie F., Lottie M., Flora A., Charles 
v., Marion F., and Oscar T. F'idelia M., born, June 
17, 1847; married Charles C. Tuck, of Bangor, May 20, 
1874. Charles I. was born, August 4, 184S, and died 
the 9th of the same month. William E. was born, 
March 4, 1851; married Katie A. Orcutt, June 20, 1S75, 
and has on& child, Alzona M., born, February i, 1877. 
George F. was born, May 30, 1853, and died, September 
12, 1854. Fred I. was born, December 23, 1855; mar- 
ried, December 8, 1875, '° Agnes F. Emery, and has 
two children — Calvin A., born, January 27, 1877, and 
Sarah M., born, January 2, 1879. Addie E. was born, 
July 18, 1857, and died, December 5, 1857. Albert A. 
Kenney, the fifth child of Ithamer Kenney, was born in 
Holden, September 14, 1849. His business is that of 
house carpenter, at present in Brewer, under the firm 
name of Kenney & Pierce. 

George W. Washburn was not a native of Maine, his 
birthplace being Boston, Massachusetts, where he was 
born, March 5, 1806. From there he went to Bridge- 
port, in the same State, where he remained until a young 
man, when he moved to Hebron, Maine, then to Ken- 



266 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



duskeag, and finally settled in Brewer in 1836, where he 
died in 1875, aged sixty-nine years and nine months. 
His wife was Sally Ladd, who was born in the town of 
Levant, Maine, July 4, 1812. Their marriage took jjlace 
December 15, 1S33. They had seven children: Cyrus 
A., born in Levant in 1835. He afterwards went with 
his parents to Brewer, -where he now resides, aged forty- 
six years. His business is sash, blind, and door manu- 
facturing. The other children were: Elsie Ann, married 
to Josephus L. Freeman, and lias two children; Horace 
B., married Etta Edmonds, and has four children; Ade- 
line M., married Allen Crocker, and has one child; Es- 
telle, died when quite young; Emma A., married W. P. 
Burr; George A., resides at home, unmarried. The 
parents of Mrs. Washburn were among the first settlers 
in Bangor town. 

Joseph Oakes was born in the town of Hancock, Han- 
cock county, Maine, in the year 1S15, where he lived 
about twenty years, when he came to Brewer. Since 
that time he has lived in Searsport and Bangor a few 
years, but returning from each place to Brewer, where he 
died July 22, 1881, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. By 
occupation he was a master ship-builder. His wife was 
Margaret H. Hodgdon, who was born in the town of 
Nobleboro, June 12, 1815. They were married L)ecem- 
ber 5, 1838, and had a family of four children: George 
H.; Joseph D., married Abby S. Atwood, and has one 
child, a son, four years of age. Sophia resides at home, 
unmarried. Clara A. died young. George H. Oakes, 
the eldest son, was born in Brewer in 1839. He follows 
the sea for a business, and is a ship captain. He was 
married to Mary A. Jordan, and lias four children — Wil- 
liam W., Maggie, Harry D., and Charles D. His wife's 
father was Wallace Jordan, who is now deceased. Her 
mother was Mrs. Delia (Wiley) Jordan, who is yet liv- 
ing. 

Enoch Brown was born in the town of Abington, 
Massachusetts, in the year 17S1, and died in Bangor in 
1838, aged fifty-seven years. He was by profession a 
lawyer. His wife was Malinda Padelford, born in Taun- 
ton, Massachusetts, and died in Hampden, Maine, at the 
age of fifty-two years. Their children were: Enoch L, 
died in the year 1881, aged seventy-six years. Malinda 
P. died when about twenty-eight years of age. Augustus 
J. died about 1877, aged fifty-two years, was by profes- 
sion a lawyer. Rebecca D. died when nineteen years of 
age. Mary K. married Cyrus Emery, and had four 
children, all of whom, with the mother, are deceased. 
Sarah Ann died when ten or eleven years of age. Henry 
P. died aged about nineteen. Elizabeth D. married 
Cyrus Emery, and has three sons, all living, as follows: 
Isaiah S., Augustus J., and Cyrus. Samuel W. Brown 
married Miss Kettle, and has one son living and three 
deceased. James S. died about three years since; was a 
prominent lawyer. 

John Emery was born in Hampden, Maine, where he 
lived and died. He raised a family consisting of: John, 
who was drowned at sea; Benjamin (deceased); William 
(deceased); Daniel (deceased); Cyrus (deceased); Sarah 
married Mr. Seaman, and is deceased; another sister 



married Mr. Pomeroy, and is also dead. Cyrus is the 
only member of the family now living. 
- The father of Hugh O'Brien was born in Ireland in 
the year 1S22. When about twenty-three years of age 
he emigrated to America and settled in Bangor, Maine, 
where he lived nine years, after which he removed to 
Brewer, where he died in 1870, aged forty-eight years. 
Befoie leaving Ireland, in 1845, '""^ "'■''s married to Mary 
Doughertv. Hugh O'Brien was born in Ireland, and 
when an infant was brought by his parents to this coun- 
try, where Mr. O'Brien, sr., has since been engaged in 
the manufacture of brick. Their other children were: 
Martin, who resides at home, unmarried; Thomas, liv- 
ing in Leadville, unmarried; Patrick, also living in Lead- 
ville, unmarritd; Katie, resides in Boston, unmarried; 
Agnes and Nellie, both at home. Hugh O'Brien was 
married to Katie Hines, daughter of George Hines, of 
Bangor. He is engaged in brick manufacture. 

Alpheus Robinson was born in the town of Lirning- 
ton, Maine, and when quite young moved to Brewer. 
He was a farmer and seafaring man, and died at Charles- 
ton, South Carolina. His wife was Lydia Tibbetts, who 
was born in the town of Brewer, where she died about 
187 1, aged about eighty years. William, the eldest 
child, was born in Brewer and is now sixty-seven years of 
age. His life occupation has been farming. He was 
married to Caroline Hammond, and has no children. 
The other members of Alpheus Robinson's family were : 
Mary, married to Harrison Bates, and has three children; 
Sarah, died single, about twenty-five years ago; Alpheus, 
married Hattie Durham, and has three children. Wil- 
liam Robinson is a Democrat in his political faith. He 
occupies a fine residence about one-half mile from the 
ferry village. 

Z. C. Palmer, born in Nobleboro, March 22, 1S43, 
was the fifth child of E. R. Palmer. His father was 
born in Nobleboro, Lincoln county, Maine, in 1805, and 
in 1859 moved to Aroostook county. After remaining 
there one year, he moved to Brewer, where he lived until 
his death in 1868. His business all his life was that of 
a house and ship carpenter. He married Sarah Dunbar, 
who was born in 1S09 in Nobleboro. She still survives 
her husband at the age of seventy-eight years, and lives 
in Brewer. Mr. Z. C. Palmer, in 1871, married Char- 
lotte A. Ware, daughter of James M. Ware, deceased, 
and has three children: Nellie G., Gertrude A., and 
Artell E., all residing at their father's home, one and a 
half miles from ferry village. Mr. Palmer's brothers 
and sisters are as follows: H. H. (deceased), married 
Mary Jane Maddocks, and had two children, neither of 
whom is living; Emeline A., married J. Lishman Clark, 
and has seven children living and one dead; B. A., 
married J. W. Chatman, and has two children ; Orlando 
A., married Sarah Dermutt; Sarah Jane is the wife of 
David Tarr; B. W., married Etta M. Jordan, and has 
had two children, one of whom is still living; S. K., 
married Eva Tibbets, and has two children. 

Daniel Robinson was born in Saco, Maine, April 4, 
1772, and came to the Penobscot in about the year 
1794. In 1805 he was married to Mary Kenney, daugh- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUN'JV, MAINE. 



267 



ter of Henry and Mary Kenney. Henna Kenney was 
born in Berwick, January 14, 1745, and married Mary 
Book', of Marsh field. To them were born two children, 
John T., and Mary. The children of Daniel Robinson 
were: Almira C, Henry K., Susan, Elizabeth, Mary, 
Mary (second), Daniel Jr., Joseph, Isaac, Charles I., and 
an infant, which died unnamed. Of the above Henry 
K. is the only one now living. He was the second 
child, and was born in Orrington (now Brewer) October 
14, 1807, and marritd Adaline E. Trafton, who bore one 
son, John H., and died. For a second wife he married 
Sarah G. Libbey, and has two daughters, Addie E. and 
Marv Abby, and one son, James \V. The latter died 
from poison, taken by mistake. His second wife died 
and he married Ellen F. McClintock, of Canada, and 
has had three children: Sarah E., Susan W. (deceased), 
and Henry W. Henry K. Robinson was postmaster in 
theyeariS45; was president of an agricultural society 
four years, also caj^tain of a cavalry company two or 
three years. He is a member of the Hammond street 
church at Bangor; in politics is a Democrat. 

Peter Littlefield was born in Prospect, Waldo county, 
Maine, in 1799, where he lived until his death in 1874, 
engaged in farming. He married Charlotte Holbrook, 
who was born in 1799, in Stratford, New Hampshire. 
She died in 1866. Their children were : Loisa S., who 
is the wife of William C. Perkins, has five childreii, one 
deceased; (joodwin, who died at the age of twenty-three, 
unmarried : A. D., who married Elizabeth W. Stuart, 
and has two children living; -Mary E., residing in Mass- 
achusetts ; James H., who married Clara (iunn, lives at 
the old homestead : Martha J., who died at the age of 
thirty-seven years. John Littlefield, the second child of 
Peter Littlefield, was born .\ugust 20, 1825. and devoted 
his life to ship-carpentering. He is now a dealer in ship 
timber. In 1850 he married Lizzie Hitchborn, by whom 
he had one child, Freeman H., who was lost at sea at 
the age of twenty years. For his second wife he married 
Julia A. Potter, daughter of Joseph Potter, deceased, who 
was born in Jackson in 1839, and has had two children : 
John Elmer, and Freeman. Mr. Littlefield has not 
taken the time from his 'business to hold office of any 
kind. He is an out-and-out Republican, and has a good 
residence in the village of Brewer. 

Cornelius Douglierty was born in Ireland in 1795. 
He came with his wife to America in 1848, and lived in 
this county until his death in 1858, engaged in farming. 
His wife's name was Bridget McCormack. She was 
born in 1790, and died in 1855. Their children are : 
Patrick, born in Ireland, settled in this county, and mar- 
ried Mary Galaher, by whom he had five children; 
both himself and his wife are dead. Margaret married 
a Mr. Galaher, and died leaving two children. Frar^ 
married Ann Judge, and has six children. Hugh came 
to this country with the rest of the family, but his where- 
abouts and history are now not known. Agnes, wife of 
Thomas McGuire, died leaving no children. John 
Dougherty was married in this county to Alice McAvoy, 
August 5, 1855, and has three children: Hugh J., 
Rose Anna, and \Villiam T., all living ai home. Mr. 



Dougherty lives on an improved farm of one hundred 
and fifty acres, furnished with good buildings. He is a 
Democrat, but has held no political offices. He is a 
member of the Catholic church, under Father Mc- 
Sweeny. 

The father of Frank S. (iratien, Piei-re Salaberry, was 
born in France, in 1795, where he died in 1855. His 
business was blacksmithing. His wife, Jeanette Elicade, 
was born in France, and died in 1S66. Frank S. Gratien 
was born in France in 1827, and when about twenty-two 
years of age emigrated to America and settled at St. 
Peters, Newfoundland, where he remained a short time. 
He then lived in difterent places until 1855, when he 
settled in the place where he now resides. He is by oc- 
cupation a blacksmith, stonemason, and brick manu- 
facturer. He was married in 1869 to Mary E. Trask, 01 
Nobleboro, and has two children: Nettie A., and Effie 
L., both of whom reside at home. By a previous mar- 
riage his wife had four children. Mr. Gratien served in 
the army three years and seven months. 

Meldon Nealy was born in the town of Ellsworth, 
March 26, 1849. His early life was passed in Ellsworth, 
Eddington, Brewer, and Bangor, and he finally settled 
permanently at Brewer, where he is engaged in farming 
and as a lumberman. He was married May 13, 1S68, 
to Rachel D. Dresser, and has two cliildren : Charles A., 
and Carrie G. The father of Mrs. Nealy was Samuel P. 
Dresser; her mother Elcy C. Ward, before marriage. 
Mr. Dresser died some twenty years since. 

Isaac Green was born in Madison, Somerset county, 
Maine, and now lives in Fairfield, Maine, at the age of 
seventy-eight years. He has devoted his life to farming 
and blacksmithing. He married Carissa Lovell, who 
died about twelve years ago, aged about fifty-five years. 
Their family consisted of the following children: Wil- 
liam and David, deceased; Isaac, married Lucy Whit- 
man, of Skowhegan, who died leaving him with four 
children — William, Lucy, Augusta, and Isaiah; Hannah 
married Oliver Noble, and at her death left six children; 
Alvin married Augusta Knox and has four children; 
David, now dead, man ied a Miss Wyman and had one 
child; Henry married Miss Knox, and has four children; 
Almira married Mr. Lawrence, and has one child. 
Charles A.. Green was born in Madison, Maine, Septem- 
ber 24, 1826. After living ten years in Madison, four 
years in Skowhegan and ten years in Bangor, he re- 
moved to Brewer, where he now resides. His life has 
been spent in lumbering, brick-making and farming. He 
married, November 10, 1849, Rebecca M. Gorham, who 
died leaving one son now living in Oregon. For his 
second wife he married Harriet B. Leach, April 17, 
1857, and has by this union two children — Rebecca T., 
aged twenty-one years, and \Valter, aged fourteen years. 
Mr. Green has been a constable in Brewer for fourteen 
years, Street Commissioner five years, and for five years 
was captain of a cavalry company in Bangor. He has a 
fine residence at Brewer. 

Francis Burton Hunter was born in Haddington, Scot- 
land, in 1784. When about seven years of age, he went 
to Hull, England, where he served an apprenticeship as 



268 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



sail-maker. He then went to sea as sail-maker in the 
whale fishery, where he remained about six years. On 
his return he opened a hotel at Hull, and aferwards had 
one in London, and still later at Wapping. He died at 
the Sail-makers' Almshouse, Bow Road, Middlesex, 
London, England, aged eighty-four years. . 

Walter Francis Hunter was born in Hull, England, in 
a public house called the George and Dragon, South 
End. On the 4th of July, 181 8, he went to London, 
and when ten years of age went to sea, where he served 
seven years in the coal trade, and then sailed around the 
world. He settled in Brewer in 1S53. In 1842 he was 
married to Caroline E. Boggis, who died the 19th ot 
May, 1866, leaving one child. Mr. Hunter was again 
married in 1866 to Sarah Lowe, of Guilford, Maine, but 
has no children by this union. His son, by the first 
wife, is Walter John Boggis Hunter, who has three chil- 
dren: Caroline, John B., and Ella A. Three died in 
infancy. Mr. Hunter, Sr., is by trade a ship rigger, and 
has a rigging loft and dwelling-house on Main street, op- 
posite the cemetery, in Brewer. This property he has 
accumulated in fifteen years by leaving off rum and to- 
bacco. His first wife was born in Brunily-near-Bovv, 
Middlesex county, England. Mr. Hunter has been a 
shipmaster of some of the largest vessels that sailed in 
those days from England. 

John Conner was born in Portsmouth, New Hamp- 
shire, where he lived until about twenty-four years of 
age, when he removed to Penobscot, Maine, where he 
died in 1824, aged forty-six years. He was by trade a 
master carpenter. His wife was Deborah Westcott, born 
in Castine, Maine, where she lived until her marriage. 
They lived some twenty years at Penobscot, and then 
removed to Surry, where she died at the age of seventy- 
two years. Francis A. was the seventh child, and was 
born March 25, 1S18, in Penobscot. When twelve 
years of age he went to sea, which he followed until 
twenty-three years of age. He then located in Surry, 
and from thence went to Ellsworth, and finally settled in 
Brewer, where he now resides. He has been a practic- 
ing physician for the past fifteen years. He was married 
to Miss A. T. Young, in 1845, ^"d ^Y ^^^^ union has 
eight children: Frances D., Joseph A. (deceased), An- 
netta (deceased), John (deceased), N. H., one that died 
in infancy, Estelle (deceased), and Louis \V. (deceased). 
Dr. Conner also has a store containing a good assort- 
ment of drugs. The names of his brothers^and sisters 
are: John (deceased); Rhoda, married Mark Patten, 
and died, leaving seven children; Lydia, married Amos 
Arnold, and died leaving five children; Charles, married 
Mary Blaisdel, and died leaving two children ; Sylvanus, 
married Abigail Pattriger, and left three children; Louis 
W. married Mary Higgins, of Hampden, and has one 
daughter; Harriet N. married Andrew Haskell, and has 
three children; Nancy J. married Samuel Peck, and 
died leaving three children; Jeremiah married Annie 
French, and left five children. 

Oliver Farrington was born in the town of Orrington, 
and came to Brewer, now Holden, where he lived about 
twenty-five years, when he moved to the present town of 



Brewer, where he passed the remainder of his days, and 
died September 19, 1863, aged sixty-six years. He fol- 
lowed farming through life. His wife was Hannah 
Ryder, who was born in Orrington, near Brewer, March 
31, 1804. They were married November 11, 1822, 
and now reside at the homestead. Henry Martyn 
Farrington, the oldest child, was born at Brewer, January 
12, 1824. His business is farming and brickmaking. 
He was married April 18, 1861, to Deborah Baker, who 
died December 6, 1865, leaving two children, Jennie L. 
and Henry B. Mrs. Farrington was again married Sep- 
tember 29, 1869, to Susan D. Colburn. He is a church 
member, and in politics a Republican. The other chil- 
dren of Oliver Farrington were : Joseph Ryder, who 
married Ellen E. Holyoke, by whom he had six children; 
he is is now Superintendent of the State Reform School. 
Sarah E. married Rev. George A. Perkins, and has three 
children. Lucy lives in Salein, New Hampshire. Clarissa 
lives at home, unmarried. Charles O. married Sarah B. 
Chamberlain, of Brewer, and has had five children, two 
now living. Edward P. married Georgiana Hall. George 
S. married Laura Jackson ; has had two children, one of 
whom is now living. Caroline A. married Myron W. 
Jones, of Denver, Colorado, and has no children. 

The father of Rev. Clarence A. Beckwith was born 
in Charlemont, Franklin county, Massachusetts, in 1823. 
After living there twenty-nine years he moved to Victor, 
Clinton county, Michigan, where he now resides, a farmer 
and manufacturer. He married Sarah Upton, who was 
born in his native town in 1S21. They have three chil- 
dren, viz : Flora A., who married J. Emmet Jameison, 
has two children, and lives at Muskegon, Michigan; 
Osmond L., who married Miss Allie Green, and lives at 
Victor, Michigan ; Clarence A., the second child, was 
born July 21, 1849, and at the age of twelve moved to 
the West with his parents. He spent two years at the 
seminary in New Haven, and one year at the seminary in 
Bangor, then became pastor of the Congregational 
Church at Brewer, where he has since remained. He 
married V. Eugenie Lober, daughter of Frederick and 
Julia (Sider) Lober, September 25, 1878. Mr. Beck- 
with IS a graduate of Olivet College, Olivet, Michigan, 
and has held his present pastorate four years. 

Charles V. Lancil was born in Bordeaux, France, and 
emigrating to America, settled in Truro, Cape Cod, 
Massachusetts, where he married Ruth Paine, by whom 
he had eight children. After living at various places he 
died at Bangor at the age of fifty-two years, and his wife 
died at the same place at same age. Their children were 
as follows : Thomas, died some ten years ago; Mary, 
died twenty-five years ago; Betsey, resides at the old 
home in Bangor; Asa T., lives at Dorchester, Massachu- 
setts, and is a cooper ; Captain James P., is a ship- 
master at Bangor; Ephraim P., is a cistern manufacturer 
at Bangor ; George W. died thirty years ago. Captain 
Charles V. Lancil, the fourth child, was born in Chatham, 
Massachusetts, September 16, 180S, and settled in Ban- 
gor, where he now resides, at the age of seventy-three 
years. His business is that of a sea captain. He mar- 
ried Louisa Hartford about 1836, and has had five chil- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



26c. 



dren: Amanda, died at the age of two years; Albeit, 
lived to be three years, and Franklin, six months of age: 
Nellie, is the wife of Warren Pierce; Mary, married 



James L. Grant, and has three children — Alice, Annie, 
and Charles. Captain Lancil has a good residence on 
Main street, Brewer. 



BURLINGTON. 



Burlington is a large but as yet sparsely settled town, 
lying twenty-five miles from Bangor at their nearest 
points of approach. It is west and northwest of the 
northwest corner of Hancock county, and only twelve 
miles distant in its southern part from Washington 
county. It is a regular parallelogram, all its boundaries 
being straight lines. It has only the regulation town- 
ship width, six miles, and is a township and a half, or 
nine miles, in length. It thus comprises an area of one 
and a half surveyed townships, fifty-four square miles, or 
34,560 acres, many of which, however, are covered with 
water. The town is in the oldest survey of the middle 
sectien of the county, and its lines are not run precisely 
with the cardinal points of the compass. 

It is bounded on the north by the still larger town of 
Lincoln, on the east by township three and a strip of 
Hancock county, on the south by No. 2, Grand Falls 
Plantation, and on the west by Lowell, which is in its 
eastern jiart of the same length as Burlington. 

Upon the south line of the town lies the Suponic 
Pond; upon the west line Eskutassis Pond; and upon the 
northern part of the east line, near the northeast corner 
of the town, the Madagascal Pond, most of which is 
within the limits of Burlington. Suponic Pond has an 
area of about a square mile ; Eskutassis something 
more; and Madagascal something less. About a mile 
and a quarter north of east from the second of these is 
Little Eskutassis Pond, about a "quarter-section" in 
size, with a small stream connecting it with its bigger 
sister, and another "run" of two miles' length coming in 
from the northwest corner of the town. Through the 
southern part of Suponic comes the Passadunikeag 
Stream, here a quite respectable body of water, which 
flows for a little more than a mile through the southwest 
angle of Burlington and thence through Lowell and 
Passadunikeag, by an exceedingly windmg course, to the 
Penobscot. The north part of Suponic Pond receives a 
small tributary from the central southern part of the 
town. From the Madagascal Pond to the Passaduni- 
keag flows the Madagascal Stream in a general north and 
south direction, making a course of nearly ten miles be- 



tween the two. At the exact geographical centre of the 
town it receives a small branch from the northwest. 

The southwestern quarter of Burlington is remarkably 
well settled for a town so far in the interior. Burlington 
village and post-office are in this region, near the cross- 
roads half a mile from the west town line, and a little 
more than two miles from the south line. They are at 
the terminus of the stage line from Burlington to Ole- 
mon, on the European & North American Railway, 
which supplies the town with its only public facilities of 
travel at present. The bulk of the population of the 
town lies within a distance of two miles each way, north 
and south, from these cross-roads. Upon the roads, 
within a mile and a half of this point, are the two ceme- 
teries of the town and three school- houses, and at the 
village itself is a union church. The north and south 
road here is the principal one, and the only one that goes 
entirely through the town in any direction. It begins at 
the Passadunikeag Stream, half a mile from the south- 
west corner of Burlington, runs nearly due north to the 
village, and thence northeasterly to a point a mile and a 
half from the northeast corner, where it leaves the town 
for Lincoln. It thus describes nearly a diagonal of the 
town. Half a mile southeast of the Little Eskutassis 
Pond a road branches off to the northwestward, and 
joins the principal north and south road through the 
eastern part of Lowell. ' Near the junction of the roads 
in Burlington is another school, and two others no great 
way north of the junction of a road joining the road 
into Lowell by a northerly and northwesterly route with 
Lincoln post-office, on the European & North Ameri- 
can. From the Passadunikeag Stream in the Allen 
tract, two miles southeast of Suponic Pond, a highway 
of some importance comes up from the southeast, by 
the head of the pond, to Burlington village, for a mile 
south of that village running nearly parallel to and within 
a short distance of the other road to the Passadumkeag. 
.■\t the south end of the mile, upon three roads, is one 
of the cemeteries, and here a short road runs off into 
Lowell, joining the highway through Lowell village about 
half a mile west of the Eskutassis Stream. The same 



2)0 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



road in Lowell, running thence to Olemon Station, is 
reached more directly from Burlington post-office by a 
west road to East Lowell; and this is the stage route. 
The othijr roads of the town are mostly short "plug" 
roads from the great north and south highway, accommo- 
dating neighborhoods and isolated settlements. 

Burlington has no railway station, and but one post- 
office as yet, which accommodates the people of Grand 
Falls Plantation as well as its own. 

The first civilized settlers got upon the .Burlington 
tract in 1824. Tristram Hurd is said to have been 
the pioneer, and from him the region received its 
first name, "Kurd's Ridge." It is asserted in a 
notice below, however, that Edmund Page came 
to Burlington in 182 1, and settled on Bingham 
land. Three or four years after him came his brother 
Caleb, and their cousin Mrs. Page. The venerable 
Deacon Philip Page, still living in a hale old age near 
Burlington, came with his father Caleb from Lowell in 
1825, being a boy of sixteen. Another settler of the 
ne.\t year was Thomas Page, son of Philip and Hannah 
Chadbourne Page, then a man of about thirty years, but a 
veteran of eighty-seven when he diid at last, June 25, 
1878, in Burlington, its oldest citizen. Moses- Peaslee 
came very near him, however, in both dates of arrival 
and of death. He was an emigrant of 1S25, and de- 
parted this life January 2, 1878. Among the settlers of 
1827 was Theodore Taylor, who became a colonel of 
the State miliiia in 1837, and survived until March 28, 
1879. 

Within less than eight years after the first settler in- 
vaded the forest hereaway, the population of this tract 
had become sufficient to warrant their demand for in- 
corporation as a town. Under the name ot Burlington, 
it was consequently incorporated, March 8, 1832. 

At the next Federal census, that of 1840, the new town 
had 350 inhabitants. Ten years thereafter, the number 
had increased by 131, or to 4S1. In i860 there was 
manifest a further inctease of 97, the whole of the people 
in Burlington being then 578. The population in 1870 
was 553, and in 1880, 536. 

The town had 118 polls in i860; in 1870, 120; and 
in 1880, 128. 

The estates of the town were valued in these years, 
respectively, at $64,734, $91,507, and $89,041. 

The people of Bui lington are chiefly engaged in lum- 
bering and farming. There is still a great deal of valu- 
able timber standing in this tract, and much of it goes 
down the Passadumkeag and other streams to the Penob- 
scot, to be worked up into lumber. Manufactures with- 
in the town are as yet limited to the work of three black- 
smiths and one engaged in woodwork and repairs. Four 
or five persons are engaged in keeping general stores in 
the town ; a hotel is kept by Jeremiah Page, and there is 
one resident physician. There is no resident clergyman, 
the Union (mainly Congregational) church being min- 
istered to by .occasional supplies. 

The people of Burlington have more than ordinary in- 
telligence, and manifest considerable talent for organiza- 
tion. The ladies of the town have a "Burlington Be- 



nevolent Association," of which Mis. Nancy Carey is 
President. A temperance "Reform Club" has also been 
formed, over which Mr. George ^Vitham presides. The 
" Eskutassis Grange" of Patrons of Husbandry was lately 
in existence here; but does not seem now to be actively 
working. 

The town officers for the last year reported were: 
Thomas W. Porter, Andrew W. Page, Thomas Shorey, 
Selectmen; Simeon C. Page, Town Clerk; Jason L. 
Pierce, Treasuret^ Thomas Shorey, Joseph W. Brad- 
bury, C. Willis White, Constables; Joseph W. Bradbury, 
Collector ; Jason L. Pierce, Andrew W. Page, George 
M. Page, School Committee; Colonel J. W. Porter, re- 
moved to Bangor, Jeremiah Page, Quorum; Thomas 
W. Porter, Trial, Justices. 

Thomas W. Porter is also Postmaster of Burlington. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

Alpheus Hayden, father of John W. Hayden, was th| 
oldest son of Richard Hayden, who was the third son 01 
Richard Hayden, the common ancestor of the family in 
this State. The stock all sprang from Richard and Mary 
Hayden, who were born in Braintree, Massachusetts, and 
about 1735 moved into the town of Gray, before the 
Revolution; from there into the town of Madison in 
1800, where they died in rSiSand 1S28. They had the 
following sons and daughters: Elishn, Jonathan, Rich- 
ard, David, Clement, Jedcdiah, Enoch, and Daniel. 
There vvei-e two daughters in the family — Thankful (mar- 
ried to John Teiiny) and Sally (married to David H.Davis). 
Elisha, the eldest son, married a Noble, and had the fol- 
lowing sons and daughters: Samuel, Nathan, and Elisha. 
Samuel died in New Brunswick, and Nathan and Elisha 
died in Ohio with their father. The girls were Mary, 
IvUcy, and Anna. Mary went to the Provinces and died 
there. Lucy married a Delano, and died in New York. 
Anna married Thomas Elliot and died in Levant. 
Jonathan, the second son, married Lydia Young. Their 
children were Jonathan, James, David, Edith, and Lydia. 
Jonathan married Nancy Thompson, and moved to Wis- 
consin. James married a Sawyer, and died in Illinois. 
David married Larony Hayden, and died in Wisconsin. 
His wife married again to Isaac Cone. The two daugh- 
ters, Edith and Lydia, married brothers, Daniel and 
Rufus Elliot, and are all dead. Lydia married a second 
time, with Henry Moor, buried him and died in Cali- 
fornia. Riihard, the third son, married Diana White, 
and the following were the names of their children: 
Alpheus, Henry, Elias, White, Richard, Hiram, Olive, 
Lucy, Larony, and Eleanor. .-\lpheus married Han- 
nah, daughter of Butler Lombard, and had the follow- 
ing sons and daughters: Lowell, John W., Lewis, Rachel, 
Jemima, and Nancy N. He moved into a planta- 
tion called Long Ridge, the twenty-ninth of March, 
182 1. It was then a wilderness, he being the first 
settler, some fifty miles from Bangor, in a a north- 
easterly direction. In 1837 the plantation was incor- 
porated into a town by the name of Huntressville, 
and afterwards changed to Lowell, in honor of Lowell 
Hayden, he being the first male child ever born in the 
place (July 16, 1821). He died July 26, 1845. AlpheuS 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MMNE. 



Hayden took an active part in incorporating the town, 
and was one of its leading men for a long time. In 1852 
he moved into Lincoln, and there died, aged ninety 
years and seven months. John W. married Eunice P. 
Brown April 8, 1852, and had the following sons and 
daughters: Silas E., Josiah AV., Henry H., Frank, Ella 
L., Saville M., Anna F., and Ida M. He moved into 
Burlington in 1S48, was Chairman of the Board of 
Selectmen in 1857-58-59, Treasurer and Collector in 
1858 and 1859. His business is farming now and has 
long been. Lewis lives in Lincoln ; he married Elizabeth 
Strickland. Rachel married Joshua Doan, and lives in 
Wisconsni. Jemima married David Moor, and is dead. 
Nancy N. married Jonathan Darling, and lives in Lowell. 

Deacon Philip Page, of Burlington, is a son of Caleb 
and Nancy (Crockett) Page, who came from New Hamp- 
shire and settled on that part of the Bingham Purchase 
now Lowell. He was born in Concord, New Hamp- 
shire, and Mrs. Page in Gorham, Maine. He, with a 
few others, built the first mill on the Passadumkeag 
River at Lowell. Mr. Page died Januaiy 17, 1852, and 
his wife soon after on April 14, 1S54. Their surviving 
children are Mrs. Susan Chase, of Peabody, Massachu- 
setts ; Samuel C. Page, of Burlington ; Mrs. Caroline 
Hall, of Portland, Maine; Mrs. Mary Morrell, of Winter- 
port, Maine, and Henry H. Page, of New London, Wis- 
consin. Deacon Philip Page, the subject of this sketch, 
was born June 25, 1809, in Conway, New Hampshire. 
In 1825, when sixteen years of age, he came to Burling- 
ton. In 1841 he married Miss Hantiah Moody, of 
Brunswick, Maine. By her he had five children, viz: 
Albert C, of Burlington; Hannah C, deceased; Caleb 
A., of Massachusetts; Nancy, deceased, and Andrew W. 
now at home. Deacon Page has long been connected 
with the Congregational church here, and is now an 
honored officer in it. He has a fine place near the vil- 
lage, one of the prettiest in town. 

Among the earliest settlers in the town of Bur- 
lington were three Pages, two brothers, Caleb and Ed- 
mund, and a cousm of theirs, Thomas Page. For the 
history of one of these families, see preceding sketch of 
Philip Page. Jeremiah Page is a son of Thomas Page. 
He was born June 20, 1S12, in Conway, New Hamp- 
shire. He came to Burlington with his father in 1825. 
After becoming of age he engaged in farming and lum- 
bering, in which he continued until within a [cw years. 
About ten years since he engaged in trade at the Corners. 
He lived on a farm until 1864, when he moved to Bur- 
lington |Corner, where he has one of the finest places in 
town. Since he came here he has entertained the travel- 
ing public, there being no other hotel m town. Mr. 
Page has long been one of the promment men of the 
town, and held the office of chairman of the town board 
for many years. He has long been and is now a justice 
of the peace. 

Mr. Page married Margaret J. Clark, daughter of 
James and Sarah Clark. They have had twelve children, 
of whom nine are living, viz: Alonzo R., of Drew Plan- 
tation; Thomas D., on the old homestead; Edward S., 
Anoka, Minnesota; Charles H., of Anoka; Simeon C, 



of Burlington; Fred. N., Utopia, Canada; George M., 
of Burlington; Lizzie E., and Marcia H., at home. They 
lost three in infancy. 

Mr. Norman Page, living in the town of Burlington, 
is a son of Thomas Page, who came here in 1825. His 
history may be seen in part in the sketch of Jeremiah 
Page. Norman Page was born February 19, 18 19, in Con- 
way, New Hampshire. He came to Burlington with his 
father when six years old. On becoming of age he 
bought of his father a part of the old homestead, where 
he has since resided. He has erected most of the good 
set of farm buildings now on the place, and has now one 
of the best farms in town. He mariied Miss Hannah 
Spiinger, daughter of John and Eliza Springer {/lee Eliza 
Ford). They have five children, viz: Angle F., Leslie T., 
Agnes E., Earle S., and Grace A. 

The representative of the Page family who first settled 
in this county was Mr. Edmund Page, who came to Bur- 
lington in 182 1, and settled on land at that time owned 
by a Mr. Bingham. He was born March 4, 1767, in 
Fryeburg, Maine. He married Miss Nancy Ingalls, who 
was born in 1767, and died in 1845. The only surviving 
member of their family is Mr. Jonathan Page, now of 
Burlington. Mr. Page was deputy sheriff for forty years. 
He died February 24, 1849. Mr. Jonathan Page was 
born February 19, 1798. He married Miss Ruth East- 
man; they had eleven children, viz: Stilson E., deceased; 
Comfort E., deceased; Harriet J., Nancy I., Lydia B , 
deceased; Martha, Thomas P., Mary E., Randall H. 
Hannah, and Merena O. Mrs. Page has been a very 
successful doctress for thirty years, and is widely known 
as such. She lives near the village and attends to her 
farm. 

Dr. S. W. Bragg, of Burlington, was born May 30, 
1853. He is a son of J. M. Bragg, of Bradley. His 
grandfather, David Bragg, was a native of China, Maine, 
and one of the first settlers. Josiah M. Bragg married 
Eliza DeBec, of Clifton, Maine. They had four chil- 
dren, viz: S. W, Bragg; Francis V., now in Bradley; 
R. Ami, and Ceneth M., deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Bragg 
are still living in Bradley. S. W. Bragg, the oldest son 
of this family, graduated at the Eastern Maine Confer- 
ence Seminary in 1876. He then entered the ofifice of 
J. N. Norcross, M. D., of Oldtown, and studied there 
three years, when he entered the medical department of 
the State University of Vermont, from which he gradu- 
ated in 1879. The following September he came to 
Burlington and located where he is now practicing. 

Mr. David Moore, of Burlington, who came to this 
town in 1838, is a son of Henry Moore, of Windham, 
Maine. Henry Moore married Anna Varney, of Wind- 
ham. They lived in Windham and Otisfield. Mrs. 
Moore died in Windham, and Mr. Moore was killed, or 
so injured that he died from the effects of being thrown 
from a carriage by a runaway horse. They had eight 
children, namely: David; Jonathan, deceased; .Alvin, 
now in Alton, Maine ; Comfort, deceased ; Parmelia, 
wife of George Libbey, of Gorham, Maine; Asenath, 
widow of the late Eben Haley, of Massachusetts ; Levi, 
of Burlington; Edwin, in Michigan. 



2'] 2 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



David Moore was born July 19, 181 2, in Windham. 
He lived in Windham and Otisfield until of age, and a 
few years afterwards came here to Penobscot county. He 
lived in Lowell six years, then came to Burlington, where 
he now lives about one mile and a half from the village. 
He owns one hundred and sixty acres of land. He 
married Jemima Hayden, of Lowell. They have 
seven children, viz : Benjamin, of Burlington ; Har- 
rison, of Michigan ; Sivilla, of Lincoln ; Blake, now of 
Minnesota; Arietta, wife of Edward Page, of Michigan ; 
Anna F., and Bertha C. Mr. Moore has held various 
offices of trust in town, such as constable, surveyor of 
highways, etc. 

Mr. Benjamin F. Bowers, of Lincoln, was born in 
Lowell, Maine, September 16, 1825. He is a son of 
John and Phebe Bowers. They had eight children — 
Benjamin; Eliza, wife of David Lowe, of Lincoln; Orrin, 
now in Easton, Maine; Edwin, Burlington; Rebecca, de- 
ceased; Wethy, wife of Joseph Crowell, of De.xter; John 
W., deceased; Catharine, now Mrs. Turner, of Burling- 
ton. Mr. Bovvers died ALiy 5, 1867. Mrs. Bowers is 
still living in Burlington. Mr. Benjamin Bowers settled 
on the farm where he now lives in 1846, when twenty- 
one years of age. He felled the trees and cleared up 
the farm where he now lives. There were two or three 
other clearings in this part of the town. Mr. Bowers 
married for his first wife Marion Lowe, of Lincoln. To 
this couple were born two children — Frank and Free- 
land. Mrs. Bowers died March 28, 1867. Mr. Bowers 
married for his second wife Arvilla Buck, of Lincolri, 
with whom he is now living. She has three children — 
Helen, Marion, and Hattie. Mr. Bowers has one hun- 
dred and thirty acres in his larm. He has served several 
years as Assessor, and is well known. 

Edwin Bowers is a son of John Bowers, a sketch of 
whose life may be found in that of Benjamin Bowers. 
The younger Bowers was born May 5, 1837, in Lowell, 
Maine. He came to Burlington with his father when 
six years of age. He now lives on the old homestead 



which his father cleared. He married Belle Brawn, 
daughter of Warren Brawn, of Aroostook county. They 
have one daugher— Flora. Mr. Bowers has one hun- 
dred acres of land — the old home farm — about nine 
miles from urlington. 

Mr. James Edes, of Burlington, is a son of Isaac and 
Lydia Edes, of Guilford, Maine. Isaac and Lydia had 
nine children, of whom five are living — Thomas, of Park- 
man, Maine; Lydia, wife of A. Tucker, of Bangor; 
Susan, deceased; Jane, deceased; Emma, wife of Charles 
C. Kenney, of Bangor; James; Isaac, deceased; John 
M. deceased; May A., now Mrs. Harlow, of Parkman. 
Isaac Edes died in 1874. Mrs. Edes was born Septem- 
ber 19, 1832, in Guilford, Maine. He learned the trade 
of blacksmith and has always followed that business. 
He came to Burlington in 1872. He had previously 
lived in Lowell. Mr. Edes has a farm of seventy-five 
acres out of the village about one mile. He married 
Permelia M. Barker, daughter of Noah and Tabitha 
Barker, of Burlington. They have five children^Carrie 
H., wife of Charles E. Taylor, of this town; Frederick 
M., at home; William B.; Agnes M.; Edwin C. Mr. 
Edes has served several years as Town Treasurer, Town 
Clerk, and Selectman of his town, both in Burlington 
and Lowell. In 1873 and 1874 he represented his class 
in the Legislature. 

Mrs. Mary McCorison, widow of the late George 
McCorison (fttfe Mary S. Page) was married May 7, 1861. 
He was a son of William McCorison, who settled in Bur- 
lington in 1841. The fatherwas born in Belden, Maine, 
in 1796, and was a soldier in the war of 181 2. He was 
a wheehvright by trade. He married Sarah Lowell, who 
was born in 1801 aud died in 1864. The only surviving 
members of their family are Maria A. Strickland, Eliza- 
beth M. Page, and Sarah J. Page. He died in Burling- 
ton in 1858. Mr. George McCorison died April 2, 
1875. He had three children, Nellie M., Edwin S., and 
Willie E. Mr. McCorison was a farmer and house- 
carpenter. 



CARMEL. 



DESCRIPTIVE NOXeS. 

Carmel, one of the old towns of the county, originally 
known as Plantation No. 3, Second Range, is the second 
town west of Bangor, in the same range, and included 
within the same parallels on the north and south boun- 
daries. It is one of the regular territorial formations in 
the county, the limits and dimensions of the town being 



precisely those of the township, and comprising thirty-six 
square miles, or 23,040 acres, almost every acre of which 
is improved or improvable. No part of it is covered 
with water, except that touched by running streams and 
the half square mile or more in the northwest corner, 
which forms the bed of the Etna and Carmel and the 
Parker Ponds. The town is separated from Waldo 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



273 



county by only the breadth of Newburg, a little over six 
miles; and from Bangor the width of Hermon, or six 
miles. It is bounded on the east by the latter town, on 
the south by the former, on the west by Etna, and the 
north, for equal distances, by Levant and Stetson. 

The waters of Carmel are the Sowadabscook Stream, 
which has its source in Parker Pond, and flows in a 
southeasterly course to the centre of the town and be- 
yond to a point about equidistant (one and three-eighths 
miles) from the east and south Imes of the town, whence 
it bends and makes its way out in a northeasterly course 
into Hermon, and so on to Hermon Pond and the Pen- 
obscot. Half a mile southeast of the Carmel depot, 
near the geographical centre of the town, the Sowadabs- 
cook receives the Kingsley Stream from Newburg, and is 
thereafter a quite broad and respectable brook. The 
Kingsley receives three affluents in this town — one hard 
upon the south boundary, which comes in from Etna, 
where it heads ; another a mile north of this, also of 
Etna birth and with a tiny tributary also heading in that 
town, and running a mile or so in Carmel to a mouth 
'ear the middle of the west line; the third is on the 
ist side of the Kingsley, with its headwaters near Ruggles 
'lace, and its mouth half a mile south of the second. In 
he north part of Newburg head two branches of another 
tributary of the Sowadabscook, entering a mile and a 
quarter below the Kingsley Stream, the westernmost 
of them taking in a very short "run" before the union of 
the two. A few hundred yards above its mouth, about 
the same distance from the mouth of the Kingsley, and 
again a little more than half a mile above the depot, the 
Sowadabscook has three tributary brooks, the middle of 
which is longest, coming in from the corner of Stetson, 
and itself receiving a rivulet on the west side and near 
the town line. In the northeast part of the town are 
several small waters, which unite to form a brook running 
into the Kenduskeag Stream, near its debouchure into 
the Sowadabscook. In the opposite, or northwest corner, 
lies the Etna and Carmel Pond. This, as its name im- 
plies, is partly in the town of Etna, and a small portion 
reaches into Stetson. It is a mile in extremest length, 
which is at the lower part, and a little more than half a 
mile broad. Parker Pond, south of the Etna and Car- 
mel, is practically a part of the same sheet, but is some- 
what separated from the other by two islands of some 
size, which divide the uniting waters into three channels. 
The area of Parker is less than half that of its twin 
sister. 

This survey or "waterscape" exhibits Carmel as a 
remarkably well-watered town. 

It is not less excellently provided with roads. Three 
highways cross it throughout, from east to west; another 
describes preu) nearly a diagonal from the neighborhood 
of the southeast corner to a point a little below Parker 
Pond; and six north and south roads, — none of them, 
however, crossing the town continuously, — with some 
shorter routes, abundantly supply it with this kind of 
travelling facilities. In addition, between seven and 
eight miles of the Maine Central Railroad lie in Carmel. 
It enters about three-foarths of a mile below the exit of 

35 



the Sowadabscook Stream into Hermon, crosses that 
water at a mile's distance, runs thence north of west to 
the depot near Carmel post-office, and on northwesterly 
by the hamlet known as DanMscus (which has no post- 
office), to its departure into Etna, close by the bank of 
Parker Pond. A little more than a mile south of its 
track, and somewhat further to the southeast of the 
depot, is the locality called Ruggles Place, which also 
has no post-otifice of its own. The North Carmel post- 
ofifice is about three miles north of the Central track, and 
nearly in the northeast corner of the town. 

Carmel is well supplied with school-houses, which gen- 
erally stand at or near the junction of roads. There is a 
cemetery at North Carmel, another at Carmel Station, 
and another toward the southeast corner of the town, on 
the Newport and Hampden road, running southeasterly 
through Ruggles Place from Carmel post-office. A num- 
ber of shingle, saw, cardmg, and other mills are scattered 
over the town. The Town House is in Carmel village, 
and the Town Farm is on the Bangor and Plymouth 
road, a mile west of that place. 

The surface of this town is generally level, and along 
the streams are some fine tracts of alluvial land, a small 
part of which is swampy. The town was originally cov- 
ered with a dense growth of pine timber, some of which 
remained until quite of late years. 

THE ORIGIN.-\L OWNER. 

The township which forms Carmel was bought of the 
State of Massachusetts on the 2d of March, 1795, ^Y 
the Hon. Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, under whose 
auspices the early settlements were made by Paul Rug- 
gles and others. He seems to have been a man not only 
of large property, but of reasonably large and liberal 
views, and a good name to associate with the beginnings 
of a populous and prosperous community. 

THE FIRST SETTLER 

in Carmel was the Rev. Paul Ruggles, oldest son of Ed- 
ward Ruggles, of Hardwick, Worcester county, Massa- 
chusetts, where he lived until his twenty-sixth year. He 
there married Mercy Dexter in 1796, and early in the 
spring of the second year thereafter they pushed their 
way alone into the Maine wilderness. An ox-sled was 
sent ahead of thern, bearing their little stock of furniture 
and household goods. They followed in a sleigh (the 
snow was still on the ground, although spring had come) 
some days after, and after a cold, rough journey through 
the deep woods and over the primitive roads, reached 
the Penobscot country at Hampden. They made their 
way thence into the present tract of Hermon, where a 
settler named Garland had built one of the first cabins, 
if not the first one, in that town; and with his family the 
young pioneers spent some weeks, until the weather be- 
came more settled and such as to allow them to go on to 
their own destination further in the wilderness interior. 
The rest of the story is well told in the number of the 
Gospel Banner and Family Visitant for March 17, 1866, 
by a correspondent who visited Mrs. Ruggles and her 
descendants that year. He says : 

Mr. Garlands dwelling was about the only human habitation in Her 



374 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



mon. Here Mr. Ruggles and party remained till about the first of 
May. when, as no road had been constructed to Township No. 2 [3]. 
now Carmel, the place of their destination, they built a boat of a log, 
called a "dug-out," in which they placed their effects, and, launching 
it into the Sowadabscook, paddled up stream into the central portion 
of the township, and landed near the mouth of a beautiful, clear 
stream, swarming with trout, which empties into the Sowadabscook, 
and which they called Ruggles Brook. Here they built them at first a 
log house directly in the midst of the wilderness. Subsequently they 
erected a plank dwelling. 

Moose, deer, beaver, etc., were abundant. Mrs. Ruggles says she 
can remember many circumstances that took place distinctly, bec.iuse 
they were of such a nature as to impress themselves on her mind in- 
delibly. For instance, she awoke one morning just before sunrise in 
the summer, and saw a very large owl sitting upon the head-board of 
her bed looking down with the utmost gravity and composure into her 
face. The door of the cabin had been left partly open, and the owl, 
without stopping to knock, had thus unceremoniously entered the dom- 
icile of these Massachusetts gentlefolks, and without so much as wait- 
ing to be introduced, perched himself thus in close proximity to the 
faces of his new-made acqu.iintances. 

Mrs. Ruggles also recollected distinctly the inethod invented by her 
husband of taking the trout in the stream near their dwelling. He and 
his brother built a mill the first se.ison of their removal to their new 
home, and there were times after the mill was shut down, the water be- 
ing shoal below the mill, that it seemed to be literally alive with those 
beautiful, glittering fish— the speckled trout, from three to four inches to 
a foot in length. Her husband would place boards in the stream and a 
basket, so as to drive the trout through an opening into the basket, 
taking a bushel or more at a time. Selectmg of the finest, sufiRcient 
for their purpose on any Decision, they would permit the others to 
escape. 

This venerable lady, the first to set foot on the soil of 
the present Carmel, was still living when this was written. 
She survived, indeed, in remarkable health and preserva- 
tion of her faculties, until June 8, 1870, when she passed 
away at the advanced age of ninety-three years. Her 
husband, the brave young pioneer, not only in material 
civilization, but in the higher matters of leligion, died 
more than halfa century before — on the 21st of May, 1820. 
Some further sketch of these primitive Carmelites is com- 
prised in the biographical notice of their distinguished son, 
Major Hiram Ruggles, appended to this History, as also 
below. The tract they settled, between one and two 
miles southeast of Carmel village, is still known upon 
the maps of the county, and otherwise cjuite widely, as 
the Ruggles Place, although it passed out of the possess- 
sion of the family quite a nuinber of years ago. 

MR. RUGGLES AS A PREACHER. 

The following notice of Elder Ruggles is included in 
A Memorial Paper, read at the Semi-centennial meeting 
of the Maine Baptist Missionary Convention, held at 
East Winthrop, June 16-18, 1874, by the Rev. C. G. 
Porter, of Bangor: 

While Merrill was thus serving the church with voice and pen near 
the coast line of the State, there was another, of a John-the-Baptist 
stamp, lifting up his cry in the then wilderness region of the Penobscot. 
Elder Paul Ruggles was one of our early pioneer preachers. He was 
the father ol Doctor Paul, deceased, and of Hon. Hiram, for many 
years and now a leading citizen of Penobscot county, and at present 
Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fourth District. Mr. Ruggles 
was one of the constituent members of the church in Etna, organized in 
1807, and its deacon until 181 1, when he was ordained to the work of the 
ministry at his own house in Carmel, Revs. Daniel Merrill, Otis Briggs, 
and John Chadbourne assisting in the services. He at once entered 
upon his great work with the ardor of an apostle, which was unabated 
till closed by his death, which occurred May 21, 1870. 

I have his journal here with me to-day, in which is found a record of 
all the places in which he preached and the texts used, from the time of 
hi5 ordination till a few weeks before his death. I find upon examina- 



tion that in a little more than nine years he preached more than twelve 
hundred sermons, principally in the Penobscot region, varied with visits 
as far east as the State line and west to what is now Somerset county, 
and that he was chiefly instrumental in gathering five churches, viz; at 
Newport, Stetson, Exeter, Hermon (now Second Hampden), and 
Charleston. In January, 1815, he made a preaching tour as far east as 
Eastport (then Moose Island), preaching in all the towns on the way 
and officiating a number of times on the island, at the house of Deacon 
Aaron Hayden. Returning, on his arrival at Lubec, February 15th, he 
received the joyful news of the proclamation of peace with Great 
Britain, and immediately calling the people together at the house of 
Captain Morton, he preached from Luke ii. 14: "Glory to God in the 
highest; on earth peace, good will to men." 

Mr. Ruggles was very popular as a preacher, as much so as our most 
popular ministers of the present day. The old men and women who 
remember him speak of him as having been very smart, and very able, 
and very vigorous. He was a great favorite, particularly in Bangor 
and Hampden, and was sometimes pressed into service at very short 
notice. He preached the first sermon preached by a Baptist in what is 
now the city of Bangor, on the evening of the second of November. 
1817, and this was his text, Matthew xxii. 10: " And when he was come 
into Jerusalem all the city was moved, saying. Who is this?" Mr. Case 
followed him in December, and baptized two persons. Mr. Ruggles 
had preached some years before, within the town limits, at the house of 
a Mr. Hasey, about four miles out on the Pushaw road ; but this was 
the first Baptist sermon m what is now the city proper. 

It is told of him that, being in Hampden one day with his ox team, 
he was besought to remain and preach to the people in the evening, and 
consented, taking for his text the story of that stranger who slew so 
many of the Philistines with an ox goad. He was regarded, in that 
very straight day, as a very close preacher, and, as they used to say, 
"hewed by the line, let the chips fall where they might." A 
young man — old, however, when he told me the story — heard him 
preach a sermon in Frankfort, in 1815, on "Christian Character," in 
which he mace it so e.xalted that the young man said "it tore him all 
to pieces and left him without .any foundation to stand on." He said 
he feared to do it, but felt so alarmed that he did not dare to let Mr. 
Ruggles go without asking him "if it was not possible for one to be a 
Christian without being just so ex.alted a character as he had set forth 
in his discourse." "O, bless you, my dear young man," was the 
Elder's reply, "^ve ministers have to preach what people ought to be, 
not what they are. Christ is the standard, and there must be a striv- 
ing to be like him ; but the best of the saints will come infinitely short." 

His journal shows that Mr. Ruggles, like many of our earlier min- 
isters, was fond of preaching from prophecy and figurative and quaint 
passages, such as are found in the prophetic books and in the Songs of 
Solomon, such as these; .\nj the river w.is divided into four heads." 
"And the cherubims spread forth their wings." "And I saw three 
unclean spirits,, like frogs, come out of the mouth of the dragon." " A 
lump of figs." ".•^ garden enclosed is my sister, my spouse." " And .is 
a lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters." In runn ng 
over the record, I was a little puzzled with what at first 1 thought w.is a 
text. It reads thus: " 1818, September 27th. Preached at the upper 
school-house, in Carmel, from Luke iii., 8. And the devil came from 
No. 4." As I said, I thought at first it was a text, and I knew 
the devil came from a great many places, but I didn't remember about 
No. 4. But I found, upon examination, that it was simply a record of 
the fact that a wicked man came from No. 4 (now Etna), and disturbed 
the meeting. 

Mr. Ruggles died at the early age of thirty-eight, much lamented. 
His last sermon was preached at Newport, but a little time before his 
death, from one of those texts he loved so well to handle — Songs iii. 6 : 
"Who is this that Cometh out of the wilderness, like pillars of smoke, 
perfumed with mynli and frankincense, and all powders of the mer- 
chant?" I thought how fitting it was that the spirit of that gifted man 
should exhale in the aroma of such a text as that. 

ORGANIZ.\TION. 

Carmel was erected as the one hundred and eighty- 
seventh town in the District of Maine, on the 21st of 
June, iSii, the same day that Corinth, in this county, 
and Sebec, in Washington county, were formed. 

RECORD OF GROWTH. 

Within fourteen years after the foundations — that is, in 
1810 — the population of this township numbered 123. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTV, MAINE. 



275 



The next year, June 21, 181 1, the town was incorporated 
by the name it now bears. By 1S20 the people of Car- 
mel niimbered 153; in 1S30, 237; in 1840, 520 (the 
population had more than doubled during the preceding 
decadt); in 1850, 1,225 (an increase of 136 percent.); 
in 1S60, 1,273; in 1S70, 1,348; in 1880, 1,220. 

The number of polls in the town in 1812, the year 
after it was organized, was 25; in 1820, 38; in i860, 
300; in 1870, 336; in 1880, 294. 

The total valuation of estates in 1812 was only $948.- 
50, with a tax of 13 cents in the $1,000. In eight years 
more it had mounted to $20,545. Forty years later, in 
1S60, the valuation was $188,235; in 1870, $260,1 18; 
and in iSSo, $291,073. 

THE CHURCHES 

of Carmel are the Calvinistic Baptist, the Free Baptist 
or Union, and the Methodist societies. The first of 
these was organized at a very early day, the first Baptist 
church in the county, by Elder Ruggles and his co- 
believers in the faith. It had thirty-six members in 1S21. 
Elder B. D. Small is the present minister; Rev. James 
Blagden has the Free Baptist church in charge; and the 
Rev. F. A. Bragdon was the Methodist pastor in 1S80. 

A Congregational church was organized in Carmel, 
May 5, 1853, but we are not possessed of the records of 
its rise and fall. 

M.\NUFACTURES AND TRADES. 

Not much lumbering is now done in Carmel. There 
are two blacksmiths and two butchers, one carriage 
maker and one maker of carriage woodwork, one furni- 
ture manufacturer, one boot and shoe-maker, one harness- 
maker, and one carder, weaver, and cloth-dresser. There 
are half a dozen general stores, three resident physicians, 
and one hotel, ke.jt by Edward Murphy. 

MINING COMPANY. 

The Harrington Silver Mining Company was formed 
some time ago in Bangor, for operations in this town. 
E. C. Nichols is President; Eugene M. Kersey, Secre- 
tary; and William H. Darling, Superintendent of the 
Company. Its operations have not been very vigorously 
prosecuted. 

CHEESE FACTORV. 

The Carmel, Hermon, Hampden, & North Newburg 
cheese factory was incorporated February 8, 1S75. "''is 
first meeting of the company was held in North Newburg, 
where the factory has been located. It is accounted a 
somewhat valuable industry in these parts. 

ASSOCIATIONS. 

The societies of Carmel best known to the public are 
the Golden Harvest Grange, No. 33, Patrons of Hus- 
bandry, meeting on Wednesdays; St. Paul's Division of 
Sons of Temperance, meeting Saturday evenings; Saw- 
adabscook Lodge of Good Templars, Thursday evenings; 
and the Benevolent Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, 
Wednesday evenings in the weeks of full moon. 

THE POST-OFFICES 

are Carmel and North Carmel. Mr. C. K. Johnson is 
postmaster at the former, Samuel Raines of the latter. 



THE PUBLIC OFFICERS 

of the town in 1S80 were: Alonzo Tilton, W. O. Syl- 
vester, C. H. Cloodwin, Selectmen; J. F. Benjamin, 
Town Clerk; F. A. Simpson, Treasurer; R. A. Robinson, 
Collector; Paul Ruggles, Constable; Frank Robinson, 
John R. Chase, A. L Pickard, School Committee; Hiram 
Ruggles, F. M. Simpson, F. A. Simpson, Trial Justices. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

The Rev. Benjamin D. Small, now the oldest living 
inhabitant of Cnrmel, is the son of Alexander Small, of 
Provincetown, Massachusetts, who came to this town 
about iSoo or 1802. His wife's name was Ruth Dyer. 
Tiiey had eight children, two bo\s and six girls, all of 
whom, except our subject, are now deceased. When he 
came here there were no roads this side of Hampden, 
and he had to bring his goods on an ox-sled and by 
hand, there being not even roads for a wagon, and only 
one horse in the settlement. This belonged to the 
pioneer Ruggles, who lived in what at that time was 
called the Ruggles Settlement, three miles south of the 
present village of Carmel. When a man asked for this 
horse to use on the morrow, Mr. Ruggles could not posi- 
tively promise, but would say: "The first man who 
comes here to-morrow will get the horse." Mr. Small 
settled in the western part of Carmel, on the road now- 
leading from Hampden to Newport, though it was some 
time ere the road was laid out. Mr. Small spent the re- 
mainder of his life here in farming pursuits. He died 
in .\pril, 1846. Mrs. Small lived to be ninety-two years 
old, dying in or about i860. The hardships and priva- 
tions these early settlers endured would be thought un- 
bearal)le by the present generation. The only remain- 
ing member of this t'amily, Rev. B. D. Small, was born 
July 17, 1 80S, and married Eliza Sawyer, of Hampden. 
He first settled in Etna, preaching in that town and in 
this. There were at his earliest recollection but twenty 
voters in this town. He first settled here on the old 
farm, where his lather lived. He has lived in Veazie, 
St. George, Carmel, Newport, Harrington and Waterville, 
preaching in most of these towns to churches of his 
faith — the Baptist. Mrs. Small is still living. They 
have had three children — .Augustus D., Fidelia C, now 
Mrs. Whittemore, of Scranton, Pennsylvania, and Edwin 
S., a Baptist clergyman, of Livermore Falls. Augustus 
D. has for several years been Superintendent of Schools 
in Salem, Massachusetts. Mr. Small, thongh now sev- 
enty-two years old, still preaches occasionally. He is a 
well preserved and intelligent old gentleman, and one 
whom it is a pleasure to meet. He can remember when 
there were but two schools in this town, and when it was 
not thought important to teach Englith grammar. When 
he began to preach he had first to study grammar by 
himself, it not being taught much in the schools. 

L. A. Small is a son of Alexander Small, whose father's 
name was also Alexander. For sketch of the lattfr's life 
see above. The younger .'\lexander came here with his 
father from Provincetown, Massachusetts, when a child of 
about four years. He married Betsey Blaisdell, daughter 
of Daniel Blaisdell, of Stetson. They had seven chil- 



276 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



dren, four boys and three girls, who arrived at maturity, 
besides one who died in early manhood. The names of 
the living are Susan, now Mrs. Burnett, of Newport ; 
Lucinda, now Mrs. Blagden, ofCarmel; Jonathan Smith, 
of Portland ; Betsey B., now Mrs. Spratt, of Carmel ; L. 
A., the subject of the sketch ; Sidney I., of Saginaw, 
Michigan, a physician ; and Daniel E., of Carmel. Mr. 
Small has been dead some years. Mrs. Small died in 
1873. ^- A. Small was born in 1S40, May 16. After 
receiving a common school education he entered the 
army in 1S62, and remained about a year, when he was 
discharged on account of sickness and disability. In 
1862 he married Linda B. Clapliam, daughter of Charles 
G. Clapham, of Woodstock, New Brunswick. They 
have no children. Mr. Small now lives on the old home- 



stead, about one and a half miles from the village of 
Carmel. He has a good farm, though small, and is im- 
proving his buildings by the erection of an "L" to his 
house for a kitchen, wood-house, and carriage-house. 
When completed he will have a very convenient set of 
buildings. 

Among the early settlers of Carmel was Eben C. 
Hinkley, who came from Barnstable, Massachusetts, 
about 1806 or 1807. He married Dele Hoxie, of Sand- 
wicli, Massachusetts, and soon after came here. He 
settled in the eastern part of the town, r^ear Hampden, 
on what is known as Hinkley Hill. They had ten chil- 
dren, five boys and five girls. Here he lived ever after, 
and died March 7, 1859. 



CARROLL. 



ITS SITUATION, ETC. 

This history now makes a long leap from Carmel to 
Carroll. The latter is a comparatively new town, form- 
erly known on the maps siijiply as Township No. 6, 
Second Range, north of the Bingham Penobscot Pur- 
chase. It lies on the furthest east line of the county, ad- 
joining Washington county, on the old stage road from 
Lincoln through Lee and Springfield to Princeton, in 
Washington county; and is forty-five and a half 
miles distant from Bangor, "as the crow flies." It is 
bounded north by Prentiss; east by Kossuth, in Wash- 
ington county ; south by Lakeville Plantation ; and west 
by Springfield. It would be a nearly regular township 
of six miles square, but for an '"L" three and one- 
half miles long from east to west, and nearly two miles 
wide, in the southeast part of the town, encroaching 
upon territory which would seem rightfully to belong to 
Lakeville Plantation. 

The town contains about 27,520 acres. Considering 
its distance in the interior and neighborhood to the re- 
cent wilderness tracts in Washington, county it is well ' 
settled ; and as the census returns below will manifest, it 
has held its own remarkably during the hardness of the 
last decade, which cost some towns in the county large 
percentages of their population. The southeastern 
quarter, however, and some of the northern tracts, are as 
yet but sparsely inhabited. Much of the settlement is 
upon the main central highway of the town, the only one 



which traverses it throughout in any direction — the old 
stage road before mentioned, from Lincoln to Princeton, 
in Washington county. A road of about equal length, 
but more crooked, conies in near the southwest corner 
of the town, from the direction of Duck Lake, in Lake- 
ville, runs northeasterly to the stage road, and thence 
northerly td and ending near Trout Brook, a mile from 
the north boundary. Nearly half a mile after it enters 
Carroll, a road into Springfield leaves it, and runs west- 
erly across that town to the stage road in Lee. Nearly 
two miles east of the crossing of the north and south road 
and the stage road, another highway starts for the north- 
ward, and runs into Prentiss, and across that in a nearly 
due northeast direction into Webster Plantation, and 
thence to Kingman Station, so giving access again to the 
European & North American Railway. The other roads 
of the town are unimportant, except to the small neigh- 
borhoods they reach. 

On the stage route through Carroll is the post-office, 
about half-way across the town, where the mails of the 
Carrollians are handled by a postmistress, Mrs. Mary 
E. Curtis ; also the Trotting Park, a little east of the 
post-ofifice ; likewise three school houses, one at the road 
junction a mile and a quarter east of the ofifice ; another 
at a road junction less than half a mile west of it, and 
School No. 2 a mile west of that. As many cemeteries 
lie near this road — the easternmost just south of the 
school-house first named ; another half a mile southwest 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



277 



of the post-office ; and the westernmost about midway 
between School No. 2 and the school near the post-office. 
On the road to Duck Lake, about two-thirds of a mile 
below the second cemetery, is still another small grave- 
yard. School No. I lies about a mile beyond it, on the 
same road; and there is one more little cemetery a half 
mile southwest of it, near the town line, on the road into 
Springfield. School No. 4 is a mile and a half north of 
the post-office, and yet another two miles nearly due west 
of this, on a road across tlie northwest corner of the 
town. A hotel is also kept on the stage road, east of the 
post-office; and mills are found in vaiious parts of the 
town. 

The waters of Carroll are Boyce Brook in the south- 
east, running into a pond just north of Junior Lake, to 
which its flow ultimately goes by a short connecting 
stream; Getchell Brook, which rises near the post-office, 
and runs to Duck Lake, receiving a small tributary from 
Carroll on the way; Lowell Brook, which just touches 
the southwest corner; the two branches that form the 
Mattagondus Stre.im, which, after a very short course in 
this town, runs out into Springfield at a point about in 
the middle of the west line of Carroll, and after travers- 
ing some four miles of Springfield, reenters this town 
again for a little way at the northeast corner; the Trout 
Brook, which presently becomes the Spruce Brook, and 
joins the Mattagondus Stream a mile north of the town ; 
and, in the northeastern and eastern parts of Carroll, the 
head branches, with tlieir tributaries, of a stream that flows 
into Kossuth tow'n, Washington county, and into one of 
the numerous lakes of that region. A small lake or 
pond — unnamed as yet, so far as we are aware — should 
also be mentioned on the west line of the town, some- 
thing more than a mile above the southwest corner, and 
connected with Duck Lake by the Lowell Brook. 

Carroll is thus a finely watered town, and one exceed- 
ingly eligible for settlement. The surface and soil of the 
town are quite as favorable as those of the average town 
elsewhere in the county, and in time it can hardly fail to 
contain a numerous and prosperous population. The 
soil is of a deep red loam, well mixed with fine dark 
slate. There is considerable limestone also in the town, 
and one of the finest quarries of the kind in the State is 
on the farm of Homer Gates. In the southern part of 
Carroll minerals so abound that not a little difficulty is 
experienced in running lines by the compass. The sur- 
face of the town lies in large and very gradual swells. 

THE BEGINNINGS. 

In 1830 Mr. Luke Hastings came in, and felled the 
first trees and built his cabin on the bank of the Mat- 
tagondus Stream. His lot, No. iii, has been occupied 
at different times since by other settlers, and is now in a 
good state of preservation. After Mr. Hastings' occupa- 
tion, it was sold to Deacon William Stevens, of New 
Gloucester, Maine, and subsequenrly to Hon. Hiram 
Stevens, its present owner and occupant. 

The next year Messrs. Charles, Ezekiel, and Horace 
Brown, Samuel Coombs, William Oliver, and others 
commenced farming here; and during the next three 
years Captain Daniel Lathrop, Captains Daniel and 



Thomas Lindsey, Lincoln Curtiss, Samuel Bowers, and 
H. W. Larrabee made their settlements in the township. 
The first female child born here was Cordelia Blanchard 
in the cabin of Luke Hastings. The first male child, 
Levi Lincoln Curtiss, was born February 26, 1834, in the 
house of William Oliver. The second, William E. 
Oliver, born a month later, was a child of the Oliver 
household. 

ORGANIZ.ATION. 

The natal day of Carroll itself is March 30, 1845, 
when it was erected into a town. Previously, the west 
half of the township had been in Penobscot county, and 
the east half in Washington county ; but both were now 
united in the former county under one municipal organi- 
zation. 

PROGRESS. 

The population of Carroll, when it became a town, 
was not much more than 300. Five years afterwards, in 
1850, it had 401 people; in i860, 470; in 1870, 632; 
and in 1880, 625. It held its [lopulation remarkably 
well during the depopulating decade 1870-80. 

Carroll had 102 polls in i860, 143 in 1870, and 156 in 
1880. There has thus been a steady increase in the 
number of polls, notwithstanding a slight falling-ofif in 
the census return the last few years. This shows that 
the number of grown men in the town was more than 
kept good. 

The estates of Carroll were valued in i860 at $54,513; 
in 1870, at $103,498; and in 1880, at $1 12,464. 

THE CHURCHES. 

A Congregational Society, for Carroll, Springfield, and 
Lee, was organized March 14, 1846, the year after the 
town was incorporated. The pulpit of the church in this 
town is just now vacant. There is also a Baptist Society 
here, which is likewise temporarily without a pastor. 

THE OTHER SOCIETIES 

of Carroll are the Baskahegan Grange No. 126, Patrons 
of Husbandry ; and the Star in the F2ast Lodge, No. 213, 
of the Independent Order of Good Templars, a compara- 
tively new organization. 

INDUSTRIES. 

Carroll has one manufactory of long lumber, one of 
long and short lumber, one shingle and grist-mill, one 
carriage-worker, one limestone quarry, and one black- 
smith. Messrs. Ring & Blanchard keep a grange and 
general store. 

OFFICERS OF 1881. 

D. W. Lindsey, W. H. Brown, J. Gardner, Selectmen; 
D. W. Lindsey, Town Clerk; Albion Gates, Treasurer; 
Jacob Gardner, Constable and Collector; H. B. Carr, 
School Supervisor; J. A. Larrabee, A. H. Lindsey (quo- 
rum), Hiram Stevens (trial), J. A. Larrabee (dedimus), 
Justices; J. A. Larrabee, Pension Notary. 

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.S. 

Mr. John A. Larrabee, of Carroll, one of the early set- 
tlers of the town, is a son of Moses and Eunice Larrabee, 
of Danville, now Auburn, Maine. His grandfathei's 
name was Solomon Larrabee, who was from Scarborough, 



278 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Maine. Moses and Eunice Larrabee had seven children, 
three sons and four daughters, viz: Permeha, widow of 
the late Phineas S. Woodman, of Springfield, Maine ; 
Hiram, deceased ; Eunice, wife of Joseph C. Larrabee, 
Medford, Massachusetts ; Moses, deceased ; John A.; 
Emily; Minerva, wife of Samuel Cloke, of Carroll. 
Moses Larrabee was for many years Justice of the Peace 
here, where he died June 13, 1S45. Mrs. Larrabee died 
December 25, 1864. John A. Larrabee, youngest son of 
this family, was born February 9, 1S14, in Danville 
(Auburn). He came here with his father in 1834, when 
twenty years of age, and settled on the place where he 
now lives, clearing up the farm almost wholly, as there 
was no house on the place and only a few trees were 
felled. There were no roads within twenty miles of him 
at that time. They had to go that far to Lincoln for 
supplies and milling. The hardships endured by these 
early settlers can hardly be realized by their descendants 
of the present generation. Mr. Larrabee married Eve- 
line Lmdsey, by whom he had one daughter, now de- 
ceased. Mr. Larrabee died February 17, 1838, and her 
husband married Hannah M. Martin, daughter of Jacob 
Martin, of Atkinson, Maine. They have had seven chil- 
dren, of whom five are living: Charles C, now at Jack- 
son Brook, Maine ; George A., with his father; Bina E., 
wife of George D. Brown, of Carroll; Hiram A., now in 
Massachusetts ; and Abbie i\L Mr. Larrabee has held 
various town offices, has been Selectman and Assessor for 
twenty-seven years, and Town Clerk for twenty-nine 
years. He has a fine place, and is well known in this 
part of the county. 

Zadoc Bishop, who came to Carroll when a boy, with 
his father, is a son of Joseph Bishoj). The latter was a 
native of Leeds, Maine, and married Jane Turner, of 
Leeds. They had eleven children, nine of whom grew 
to maturity, viz : Abial D., Joseph, Elizabeth, Amos H., 
and Walter, deceased; Zadoc; Nathan, of Monmouth, 
Maine ; and George, now of Leeds. Zadoc Pishop was 
born May 14, 181 5. His father lived here but three 
summers, going back winters. Zadoc and his two broth- 
ers bought out their father and commenced farming for 
themselves. Zadoc Bishop married Emily M. Lothrop, 
daughter of Daniel and Lucy Lothrop, of Leeds. They 
formerly came from Massachusetts. This couple have 
had seven children, viz : Ellen, deceased ; Frank P., now 
in Wadena, Minnesota; Emma, wife of William Brown, 
of Carroll; EUouisa, now Mrs. E. Lothrop, of Carroll; 
Albert, now with his father; Roscoe, Ella, and Jennie. 
When Mr. Bishop came here he took his pack upon his 
back and followed a spotted line. He has cleared up the 
farm where he now lives and built all the buildings on it. 
He now owns one hundred and sixty acres of good land 
and has a large two-story house. Mr. Bishop has held 
important town offices, snch as Selectman, etc. He 
raised the first English or cultivated hay in the town. He 
has been engaged in lumbering in connection with his 
farming, for many years, and was in the famous Mada- 
waska or Aroostook war. 

Ezekiel Brown is a son of Ezekiel M. Brown, of Tops- 
ham, Maine. They had seven children who grew up, 



and lost one in infancy. Their names were Hannah, wife 
of David Graves, of Bowdoinham; Ezekiel; Charles, now 
of Carroll: Mary, widow of John Fisher, of Topsham; 
Elizabeth, widow of Alfred Gowell, of Bowdoin, Maine; 
Horace, of Carroll; and Daniel M., now in Texas. By 
his second wife he had one son, William P., now in Ore- 
gon. Ezekiel M. Bishop died May 26, 1858, and Mrs. 
Brown July 17, 1834. Ezekiel Brown, the oldest son of 
this family, was born December 5, 1806. He spent his 
early days on a farm, but on arriving of age he settled on 
the farm where he now resides, ' There were at that time 
no roads through the town. He built a log-house and 
cleared up the farm, and now has one of the best farms 
in the town. He married Eveline H. True, daughter of 
Josiah and Mary True, of Lisbon, Maine. They have 
had eleven children, eight of whom are now living. Their 
names are: Ezekiel M., in Minnesota; Hannah T., de- 
ceased; Homer J., now of Springfield, Maine; Dellie A., 
deceased; Frank T., now in Anoka, Minnesota; John 
K., of Kansas; Annie T., deceased; Mary E., wife of 
Allen C. Reed, of New York city; Leander B., of Car- 
roll, with his father; Will P., in Nevada; and George D., 
of Minnesota. Mr. Brown has held various town offices 
and represented his class in the Legislature in 1858. 

Charles Brown, son of Ezekiel and Emma Brown, of 
Topsham, Maine (for a sketch of whose life see the 
above), was born August 7, 180S. He came to Carroll 
in April, 183 1, settled where he now lives, and married 
Lucy Lothrop for his first wife. They had five children, 
viz: Mary H., deceased, wife of Joshua T. Baldwin, of 
Prentiss; Martha J., wife of Lewis F. Yeaton, of Wa- 
dena, Minnesota; Charles R., now of Springfield, Maine; 
John F., at home with his father; and Lucy A., wife of 
Charles ^L ALaltby, of Bluffton, Minnesota. Mrs. 
Brown died September 28, 1849. Mr. Brown married 
for his second wife Lydia Turner, daughter of George 
and Betsey Turner, of Leeds. He has served his town 
fourteen years as Treasurer; has one of the finest places 
in Carroll which he has cleared up from the woods 
himself. 

One of the old settlers of Carroll is Mr. Calvin Lane, 
who came here from Leeds, Maine, in 1836. He is a 
son of Gideon and Jemima Lane («« Jemima Norris). 
Gideon Lane was a son of Daniel Lane, who came to 
Leeds from New Gloucester. He was a native of Mas- 
sachusetts. Gideon and Jemima Lane had thirteen 
children, of whom twelve lived to maturity, viz: Polly, 
Alpheus, Lydia, Jemima, Dorcas, Fanny, Giddins, Sam- 
uel, Susan, Ruth, Esther, Calvin, and Nanc)-. Gideon 
Lane died January 29, 1836, and Mrs. Lane died in 
April, 1865, being over ninety-five years old. Calvin 
Lane, the youngest son of this family, was born Septem- 
ber 6, 1814, in Leeds. His boyhood was spent upon 
a farm. On arriving at manhood he commenced farm- 
ing for himself in the then wilderness of Carroll. He 
came here in 1836. There were then but few families 
in the town. The road was laid out, but nothing yet 
done on it. He made the first clearing on the farm ad- 
joining his present home, where Mr. Blanchard now lives. 
He lived here twelve or fifteen years, when he built a 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



279 



store and engaged in trade. He followed mercantile 
life for About si.x years, then bought the farm where he 
now lives. He married Dulsena Lothrop, daughter of 
Daniel and Lucy Lothrop {nee Lucy Gilbert). They 
have had seven children, five of whom are now living, 
viz: Francis A., wife of George Baldwin, of Prentiss; 
Esther J., wife of George Taylor, of Topsfield; Orestes 
H., now in Nevada; Clara A., wife of .^lonzo Noble, of 
Carroll; Daniel G., of Topsfield. Mr. Lane has served 
as Selectman several years. He has a fine farm of one 
hundred and thirty acres, besides out-land. 

p.. W. Blanchard, a farmer and merchant of Carroll, 
was born November 20, 1823, in the town of Bowdoin, 
Kennebec county, Maine. His father, John F. Blan- 
chard, married Betsy Hopkins, of Bowdoin. They had 
si,x children, viz: Benjamin W.; Caroline, now Mrs. 
David White; John A., deceased; Edward H.; Helen 



D., wife of Daniel Hall, Oconto, Wisconsin; and De- 
borah, deceased, wife of T. Woodcock, of Ripley. 
John F. Blanchard died in 1S49, and Mrs. Blanchard 
is also dead. B. W. Blanchard, the oldest son, spent 
his early life on a farm, but his father moved to Bowdoin- 
ham, Maine, when he was young. He came to Carroll 
with his father in 1S3S, when he was fifteen. On be- 
coming of age he engaged in lumbering till he was 
twenty-seven, when he married Miss Rhoda Abbott, 
daughter of Jeremiah and Betsy .Abbott, of this town, and 
bought a farm, where he has since resided, though en- 
gaged in lumbering. He also has a lumbering supply 
store with a Mr. Ring. To this couple have been born 
eight children, five of whom are living: Adel F., Rose, 
Georgia, Nellie, and \Villiam h. Mr. Blanchard has a 
good farm of eighty acres. He has not been engaged in 
public life, except as postmaster for eight years. 



CHARLESTON. 



The narrative now swings back to the older and more 
densely populated towns of the county. Charleston, 
formerly called New Charleston, is one of the oldest of 
these, having been settled in 1795 and incorporated in 
181 1, the same year that Carmel was erected into a 
town. Although more distant from Bangor, (twelve and 
a half miles away) than the former town, and as yet with- 
out a railroad, it is almost the peer of Carmel in popula- 
tion, and surpassed it by the censuses of 1850 and i860 
—in the latter case by 175 persons. It is one of the 
best and most satisfactory towns in Penobscot. 

Charleston is a regular township of thirty-six square 
miles and 23,040 acres, like most others in its range, 
forming the north quartette of towns in the western region 
of the county. Its companion on the east is Bradford, 
on the west Garland. Atkinson, in Piscataquis county, 
neighbors it on the north, and Corinth on the south. It 
is connected with these towns, and its several parts with 
each other, by an excellent system of wagon-roads. The j 
main east and west highway is that on a straight line I 
through nearly the exact centre of the town — the road 
mentioned in our descriptions of Alton and Bradford as 
traversing this entire northern range of towns to and be- 
yond Dexter village. .Vnother road a mile north of this 
is generally parallel with it very nearly across the town ; 
and about a mile north of this still another runs about I 



half-way across, stopping at its intersection with the 
north and south road through Charleston post office. A 
similar highway enters from Bradford, and stops at the 
same road, a little more than a mile south of the central 
route. A shorter road, but with the same general direc- 
tion, is still south of this, and connects the north and 
south read in the east of the town aith a road to tlie 
northwest into that through Charleston post-office. The 
two roads across the town north and south are about two 
miles apart, the former running nearly through the cen- 
tre of the town ; and they preserve a rather remarkable 
parallelism. One more road very nearly traverses the 
entire town. It leaves the central north and south road 
close upon the south line of the town, and runs off north- 
westerly to a point very near the northwest corner, 
whence it cuts across the angle of Piscataquis into Gar- 
land. ^Vest Charleston is upon the crossing of this and 
the central east and west road. At the intersection of 
the two central roads, in almost the exact geographical 
centre of the town, there is no village, and scarcely a 
house, but the school-house No. 10 is quite near. 
Charleston village is about a mile north of this point. 
At this place is the Union church and cemetery, and 
an academy building. Schools, mills, stores, shops, and 
other buildings of public importance, are scattered quite 
thickly over the town, to accommodate a population 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



which has left few vacant tracts of any large size upon its 
surface. 

Charleston is also an exceedingly well watered town, 
though it is an interesting fact that the furthest northern 
part, for about a mile's width, is almost destitute of 
streams, except the headwaters of two or three brooks 
that flow southward into Corinth. A very small stream 
makes a rough semi-circle across the northwest corner of 
the town. In the second tier of sections, or square 
miles, from the north line a considerable number of 
creeks have their sources. They join other streains, 
which in turn unite with larger ones and receive mote 
tributaries, until the south half of the town is full of 
brooks. One stream with its affluents in the southwest 
and west of the town is not unlike a tree in the number 
and form of its branches. No less than thirty five main 
streams and branches appear upon the map of Charles- 
ton, most of them in the southern half. All but two of 
these send their waters into Corinth, where the principal 
streams they form are the Crooked Brook and the Bear 
Brook, which becomes the Pushaw Stream after passing 
the outlet of Little Pushaw Pond, in Hudson. There 
is a small lake near the east line of Charleston, half a 
mile west of School No. 6, with a saw-mill at its outlet; 
also some broadening of two other streams, but not 
amounting to more than a mill-pond in either case. Sev- 
eral mills have been built at the ponds near School No. 
4. The valleys and ravines which are made by so num- 
erous streams aid greatly to diveisify the surface of this 
town. The soil of Charleston is quite fertile, and it is ac- 
counted a fine farming town. 

The township which forms Charleston is No. 2, in the 
Fifth Range. The first white settler upon it came in 
1795, and was either Charles Vaughan or, as Mr. Wil- 
liamson says (History of Maine, vol. ii., page 618), one 
or more who settled under his auspices. The territory 
was still in the possession of the State, and so remained 
for seven years, or until July 14, 1802, when it was 
granted to John Lowell. Less than nine years thereafter 
it was ready for incorporation as a town, and became 
"New Charleston" on the i6th of February, 181 1, the 
same day that Exeter and Garland were ushered into be- 
ing at the hands of the General Court. It retained this 
name so lately as 1S20, but by and by had it shortened 
by the dropping of the unnecessary and cumbersome 
"New," since which time it has been known simply as 
"Charleston." It was the one hundredth and eighty-first 
town incorporated within the present limits of Maine. 

At this time Charleston had nearly 250 inhabitants. 
It had 210 people within its borders in 1810; 344 in 
1820; 859 in 1830 (an increase of 150 per cent, the 
greatest in its history for a single decade); 1,269 i" 1S40; 
1,283 '" 1S50; 1,430 in i860; 1,191 in 1870; and i,iii 
in 1880. 

Ctiarleston had 61 'polls in 1812, with a valuation 
of estates to the amount of $1,363 38, and taxation of 
22 cents on the $1,000. In 1S20 the polls counted 87, 
and the estates were $29,483, In i860 the figures were, 
respectively, 308 and $213,465; in 1870, 330 and $290,- 
279; and in 1880, 293 and $277,883. 



The first church in the town was Calvinistic Baptist. 
It was formed in 1810 (though Mr. Williamson says 
181 1), partly under the auspices of the Rev. Paul Rug- 
gle'sV'of Carmel. Rev. Henry Hale, however, was its 
first settled minister. It had sixty-seven members in 
1821. Elder John S. Higgins is now the pastor in 
charge. A Free Baptist or Union Church has also been 
founded in Charleston, to which Rev. B. F. Gerry is 
preacher. There is likewise a Universalist society in 
town, the pulpit of which is vacant at present. 

The Chaileston Academy was founded many years 
ago, and acquired a wide and excellent reputation. 
Many prominent citizens of the county and State were 
educated in part within its walls. 

The post-offices are at Charleston and West Charles- 
ton. Thomas J. Peaks, Esq., is in charge of the former, 
and Mr. B. H. Ham of the latter. 

The town has one resident lawyer, one doctor, three 
mercantile establishments, as many lumber manufacturers, 
one wheelwright, and three smiths. 

The Charleston Cheese Factory Association was in- 
corporated February 12, 1874. 

The Free Masons have a lodge at Charleston called 
Olive Branch. The Good Templars are organized in 
Oak Hill Lodge, No. 21 1, and meet on Wednesday even- 
ings. The Patrons of Husbandry have the Charleston 
Grange, No. 105. 

OFFICERS FOR I 88 1. 

C. T. Dunning, Melvin F. Martin, Nathan C. Trim, 
Selectmen; Amasa Holden, Town Clerk; H. C. Holden, 
Treasurer; Frank Ross, Samuel L. Paine, Constables; 
Henry P. Haynes, School Supervisor; Thomas J. Peaks 
(Quorum), A. W. King, George W. Dunning, H. P. 
Haynes (Trial), Justices. 

NOTES OF SETTLEMENT. 

William Tibbetts, sr., was born in England April 21, 
1731. He married Laurania Young, and came to Bos- 
ton at an early day, where he remained but a short time. 
From Boston he moved to Goldsboro, Maine, and re- 
mained several years. He was one among the first set- 
tlers and pioneers of Bangor, as there were not more 
than a dozen buildings in the place at the time he ar- 
rived, and there was not a church in Penobscot county. 
He raised a large family of children, as follows: Abner, 
who married a Miss Davis, and died in Exeter; George, 
who married a Miss Dow, in Penobscot county, and 
moved to Indiana with his family, where he died; Wil- 
liam, married Sarah Thoms and died in Kenduskeag; 
Benjamin, married Hannah Rose and moved to Indiana, 
where he died ; a daughter, who married David Mann, 
and is dead ; Mary, married Jonathan Snow and moved 
to Kentucky, where she died; and Laurania, married 
Elisha Mahue and moved to Indiana, where she died. 
The elder Tibbetts died in Penobscot county, respected 
by all. His wife survived him several years, and moved 
to Indiana, where she died at the residence of her son, 
Benjamin. William, the third son, was born in the town 
of Goldsboro, about the year 1765. He came to this 
county and settled at Bangor, where he remained until 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



281 



he became of age, and then removed to Kenduskeag, 
where he took up a farm in the wilderness. There w'as 
not a white man north of him to the Canada line. He 
cleared up a farm, on which he remained all his life. He 
married Sarah Thoms, of Bangor, and was the fiither of 
eleven children, five boys and si.\ girls, viz : Elisha, 
who married Jane Mathews and died in Kenduskeag; 
Thomas, died at the age of eight years ; Hiram, married 
Eliza B. Stockman and lives in Charleston; William, 
married Sarah Cole and died in Corinth; George, mar- 
ried Rachel Black and lives in Corinth ; Purcilla, mar- 
ried George Simpson and died in Corinth ; Nancy, mar- 
ried James S. Norcross, and died in Glenburn; Mary, 
twice married, first to a Mr. Beath, second, to James 
Tibbetts — she lives in California; Susan, married William 
Webber and lives in Bangor; and Betsey, who died at 
the age of eight years. The father died in Kenduskeag 
in 1837; his wife survived him several years and died in 
Glenburn at the residence of her daughter, Jane, who 
had married 1 )aniel Wooster. 

Hiram Tibbetts was born in Kenduskeag December 
8, 1S03. He received a common school education and 
followed school-teaching for a number of years, but has 
devoted the greater part of his life to farming. He came 
to Charleston April 10, 1S25, and in 1840 settled near 
the centre of the town, on the farm on which he now 
lives. He has held the office of Town Clerk for about 
twelve years, and in r837 represented his class in the 
Legislature; is a member of the Baptist Church ; in poli- 
tics was originally a Jacksonian Democrat, but joined 
the Republican party m 1S54, to which he still belongs. 
He married Eliza B. Stockman, a native of Penobscot 
county. May 17, rS32. She died July 15, 1S74, in 
Charleston. He is the father of ten children, five boys 
and five girls: David, lives in Marysville, California; 
William was killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, May 
3, 1863, while a member of the Sixth Maine Infantry; 
Charles, married Sarah Jennings, a native of Connecti- 
cut, and lives in Charleston; Henry L., lives in Lowell, 
Massachusetts; Clarence E., married Abby Foss and 
lives in New York; Isabella C, married Emmons Kings- 
bury, of Bradford; Sarah, married John Johnson, of 
East Sullivan, Maine, Mary, married F'rederick A. 
Thayer and lives in Charleston; and Eliza F., married 
Joseph Ellis and lives in Charleston. 

Solomon Dunning was born in Levant in 1800. He 
came to Charleston with his father at an early day, settled 
on the farm now owned by William E. Dunning, and 
married Susan Kingsbury, of Bradford. He followed 
the mercantile business in company with Amasa Holden, 
in Charleston Centre for about forty years; held the office 
of Si.leftn)an of the town for a number of years, and 
that of County Commissioner of Penobscot county for 
one term. He represented his class in the State Legis- 
lature two terms; was a member of the Baptist church; 
in politics was Republican. He died in 187 1, in Charles- 
ton. His wife survives him. He was the father of nine 
children — Hannah J., married Daniel Morton, lives at 
\Vinter]jort ; Henry W,, married Lizzie Stephens, was 
accidentally killed in California; Emily, died in Charles- 

3f> 



ton; AVilliam E., married Susan Wyllie, lives in Charles- 
ton; Rachel, married -S. C. Holden, lives in A\'auseon, 
Ohio; Harrison, married Mellissa Joslyn, lives in Stock- 
ton, California; Horatio, married Evie Beacon, lives in 
Pleasant Grove, Iowa; Eudora, married R. R. Wyllie, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts ; and F'reeland, married Jane 
Rowars, Pleasant Grove, Iowa. William E. was born in 
Charleston in 1834. He received a common-school edu- 
cation, and also attended the Charleston Academy. He 
is a farmer, in which business he is now engaged. In 
1853 he w-ent around by the Isthmus to California, where 
he engaged in mining, and remained there eleven years, 
when he returned to his native place and settled on the 
farm where he now lives. In 1864 he married Susan E. 
Wyllie, a native of Warren, Maine. He has represented 
his class in the Legislature one term. In politics he is 
Republican. He is the father of one child, Richard T., 
who lives at home. 

Mark Scribner was born in Kennebec county, Maine, 
in 1804. He married Dolly Cilly, a native of Brooks, 
and came to Penobscot county in 1829, settling on the 
farm now owned by Charles H. Scribner; he was a 
farmer, in which business he was engaged all his life. In 
politics he was a Democrat. He died at his residence 
in 1866; his wife died at the same place in 1877. He 
was the father of si.\ children — Caroline, who lives in 
Utah Territory, engaged in teaching school, is the 
only Gentile in the territory that teaches a Mormon 
school, and has been engaged in the business for the 
past four years; Mary J., married Joseph Bridgham, and 
lives in Corinth; Daniel W., married Sarah Stephens, 
and lives in Utah Territory; Newell, lives in the same 
country; Alvena, married John M. Cary, and lives in 
Bad A.xe, Huron county, Michigan; and Charles H., 
married Cora Dunning, lives at the old homestead. 

Charles H. Scribner was born in the town of Charles- 
ton in 1S49; here he received a common-school educa- 
tion, and also attended the Charleston Academy several 
terms. He followed farming until eighteen years of age, 
when he went to Corinth and learned the harness-making 
trade under Charles Edmunds. He remained here 
three years, then went to Calais, where he engaged in 
carriage trimming and remained three years. He then 
returned home and engaged in harness- making and 
farming. In 1877 he went to Michigan, where he re- 
mained but a short time, when he returned to his native 
place and engaged again in harness-making and farming, 
in which business he is now. He manufactures every- 
thing in the line of harness that is known to the trade. 
In 187S he married Cora Dunning, a native of Charles- 
ton. In politics he was formerly a Democrat, but in 
1879 became a member of the Greenback party. He is 
the father of one child, John M. Scribner. 

Lyman Lord was born in the town of Lyman in 1805. 
He married Lydia Daniels in the town of Kennebunk 
York county, Maine, in 1827. He came to Penobscot 
county in 1831; first settled in Bradford on the farm now 
owned by Jason Mosier, and followed farming ard lum- 
bering the greater part of his life. He died in Charles- 
ton in 1862; his wife survives him. In [lolitics he was 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



for many years an old-line Whig, but in after years was a 
member of the Democratic party. He was the father of 
eight children : Lyman, who married Josephine Burn- 
ham, and died in Charleston; Elbridge G., married Eva 
A. Place, and lives in Charleston; Ivory D., lives in San 
Buenaventura, California; Charles, died in infancy; Mary 
E., married Moses Goss and lives in Corinth; Lydia A., 
married Henry C. Young, and lives in Greenville, near 
Moosehead Lake; Winfield S., married and lives in 
Pennsylvania, and Eastman T., who lives in Charleston. 
Elbridge G. Lord was born in Bradford m 1833; came 
to Charleston with his father in 1843; received a com- 
mon school education and also attended school at the 
Lincoln Academy; [)racticed the trade of millman for 
several- years in Penobscot and Aroostook counties; in 
1858 went to California via the Isthmus, and engaged in 
lumbering and mining. In 1S73 '""^ returned to his 
native place and settled on the farm on which he now 
lives. He has held the office of Selectman of Charleston 
for one term. He takes great dt;light in fishing and 
hunting; is considered one of the best marksmen in his 
section of the country, and is also one of the most suc- 
cessful disciples of Izaak Walton who visit Moosehead 
Lake. In politics he is a Republican. In 1S73 he mar- 
ried Eva A. Place, a native of Charleston, and is the 
father of two children, Alice J. and Elbridge B. In 
1S77 he was elected by his class to the State Legislature, 
where he served one term. 

Jacob Foss was born in New Hampshire in 1792. 
He married Abigail Foos, a native of the same State in 
1831. He came to Penobscot county in 1831. He set- 
tled in Charleston in 1833, on the farm now owned by 
Job B. Foos. He was the f;ither of twelve children, 
eight boys and four girls. Seven of the sons and one 
daughter are living: Job B., on the old homestead: 
Richard L., married Ann Dennis, and lives in Charles- 
ton ; Mary Jane, married William S. Place and lives in 
Charleston; John E., married Anna Huckins and lives in 
Charleston; Zebedee H., married Irene Nash and lives 
at Stillwater, Minnesota: Albert, married and also lives 
in Minnesota; Samuel W., married Statira Reed and lives 
in Charleston; James, lives in Charleston; Alexander, 
married Anna Thompson, and died in Charleston; Eliza- 
beth, married Alonzo Dunning and died in Charleston; 
Marion, married Elbridge Thompson and died in Charles- 
ton, and Ellen, married A. W. King and lives in Charles- 
ton. He died in Charleston in 1879. His wife survives 
him. 

Franklin King was born in the town of \\'hitefield, in 
the year 1806. He married Mary Hurd, of Harmony, 
in 1830; came to Penobscot county in 1836, and first set- 
tled in Bradford, on the farm now owned by Hosea 
Hurd. He was a farmer', in which business he was en- 
gaged all his life; was a metnnber and deacon of the Free- 
will Baptist church for many years; in politics was 
Republican. He died in the town of Surry, of heart 
disease, in the year 1S76. His wife died in Bradford, in 
1873. He was the father of six children — Hiram F., 
died in California; Ansel W., married Ellen S. Foss, 
lives in Charleston; Hosea J., inarried Nancy Crommett, 



lives in Charleston ; Frank M., married Emma Smith, 
lives in Bradford; John L., lives in Charleston; and Eva 
M., married Dr. Fi'ank Bickford, lives in the Indian 
Territory. Ansel W. King was born in the town of Wel- 
lington, in 1834; came to Penobscot county with his 
father, and settled in the town of Bradford, in 1S36; re- 
ceived a common school education, and also attended 
the academies in Foxcroft, Corinth, and Hampden for 
several terms, where he received a more liberal educa- 
tion. He followed school teaching for a few years, but 
gave it up and turned his attention to farming, in which 
business he is now engaged. In 1856 he went to Cali- 
fornia and engaged in mining until i860, when he re- 
turned to his native place. He held the office of Select- 
man of Charleston for four years, and was Chairman of 
the Board during his whole term. He has also been 
Supervisor of Schools for two vears, and was commis- 
sioned Trial Justice of Penobscot county by Governor 
Chamberlain, and subsequently Governor Conner, which 
office he now holds. In politics he was formerly a Re- 
publican, but became a member of the Gi'eenback party 
at its organization. He married Ellen S. Foss, of Charles- 
ton, in 1862, and is the father of four children — Wilber 
M. died in Bradford, Alice also died, Walter M. lives at 
home, and Fred W. 

William Peaks was born in Dedham, Hancock county, 
Maine, in 1843; came to Penobscot county, March 12, 
1839, and settled in Charleston, on the farm now owned 
by Samuel Miller; was a millman by trade, and followed 
the business in connection with farming; in politics was 
a Jacksonian Democrat. He married Mrs. Betsy Fair- 
field, a native of Freedom, Waldo county. He died in 
Charleston in 1846; his wife died at the same place, in 
1870. He was the father of seven children, five boys 
and two girls — J. F., married Mary J. Dennett, and died 
in Green, Iowa, 1878; J. B., married Jane Eaton of Ken- 
dall's Mills, Maine, and died at Charleston in 1S67; 
William G., married Alice Porter, of Hudson, and lives in 
Lowell, Massachusetts; Thomas J., who married Rebecca 
Ring, of Deerfield, New Hampshire, lives in Charleston; 
Joseph B., who married Eliza Chadburn, and lives in 
Dover; Lucinda H., who married John B. Leach, and 
lives in the town of Penobscot: Elmira, who married 
Hiram Folsom, and lives in Providence, Rhode Island. 

Thomas J. Peaks was born in the town of Dedham 
in 1834; came to Charleston with his father at the age 
of five years, and settled on the same farm. He received 
his education in the common schools and the academy at 
Charleston. In 1851 he went to Lowell, Massachusetts, 
where he pursued the trade of millman, in which busi- 
ness he was engaged nine years. While in Lowell he 
married Rebecca Ring, in 1855. In 1S60 he returned 
to Chai'leston and engaged in the mercantile business, 
in which he is now. In 1862 he enlisted in Company 
E, Twenty-second Maine Infantry, and was elected by 
his company to the rank of Second Lieutenant. In the 
following year he was promoted to the rank of First 
Lieutenant. While in the service he took part in the 
battle of Irish Bend and the siege of Port Hudson. In 
1863 he was mustered out of service with his regiment. 







<^a^^^^ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTV, MAINE. 



2S3 



and returned to Charleston and resumed business as a 
merchant. He has held the offices of Selectman and 
Town Clerk of Charleston for one term each, and in 1873 
was elected Representative of his class, and served one 
term. In 1876 and 1877 he was elected State Senator. 
In 1870 he was appoirited postmaster, under Johnson's 
administration, which office he still holds. In politics he 
is a Republican. He is the father of one child, Henry 
\V., who lives at home. 

Levi ^larshall was born in Monmouth, Kennebec 
county, Maine, in 1821. In 1854 he came to Penobscot 
countv, and settled on the farm where he now lives. In 
1850 he married Drusilla Stephens, a native of Corinth. 
He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
and in politics is a Republican. He it the father of four 
children: Nellie A., lives at home; Emma L., who mar- 
ried John S. Shedd, and lives in Charles'ton; Willis S., 
lives at home; and Annie P., also at home. 

Jefferson Stephens was born in Winthropin 1S05. He 



married Statira Snow, a native of Orrington, in 1823, 
came to Penobscot county in 1828, and settled on the 
farm now owned by Levi Marshall, in Charleston. He 
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and 
in politics was a Republican. His first wife died in 
Charleston in 1857. He married for his second wife 
Lydia T. Thissell, who died in Charleston in 1876. He 
died in 1872. He was the father of nine children: 
George S., married Pemelia M. King, and lives at South 
Framingham, Massachusetts; Drusilla, married Levi Mar- 
shall, and lives in Charleston; Betsey M.; Obed C; 
Jacquith, who died at Corinth; Daniel S., who died at 
the age of ten years, in Orrington; and Judah B., who 
died in Charleston at the age of si.vteen; Levi, died of 
disease contracted in the late war ; James, who was a 
soldier in the regular army and died in set vice; Alexan- 
der, married Penial Either, and died in Charleston; and 
Hannah B., who lives in the old homestead. 



CHESTER. 



TOPOGR.AP.HV, ETC. 

Chester is one of the up-river towns, which has a tole- 
rably extensive area, but is not fully developed as yet, al- 
though it has a population quite respectable in point of 
numbers. It lies onr the northwest side of the Penobscot, 
which here runs almost exactly from northeast to south- 
west, having Winn and Lincoln on the opposite side, 
Woodville Plantation on the north, with a strip of Town- 
ship No. 2, and a larger portion of the same township as 
its next neighbor on the west. The country westward and 
northwestward for many miles is still very much in wil- 
derness. 

Chester is thirty-five miles from Bangor, and twelve 
and one-half from the west line of the county. If the 
river ran past it in a straight course — it does pretty nearly 
so — the town would be a perfect triangle, with sides 
eleven and one-third miles long on the river, nine miles 
on the north boundary, and seven and one-half on the 
west. The town includes thus about 34 square miles, 
or 21,760 acres. A number of islands lie in the river 
opposite its shore, belonging to the reservation of the 
Penobscot Indians. The two largest, Hersey and 
Nathan Islands, are between the Chester and Lincoln 
banks; the Snow, Gordon, Brown, and Fire Islands, 
with six or eight smaller ones, are between Chester and 
Winn. The Penobscot receives from this town one 
petty tributary a little above the Fire Islands another 



opposite Brown Island, another near the head of Hersey 
Island, and the Medunkeunk Stream, a brook of some 
importance, nearly two miles from the southwest corner 
of the town. The Medunkeunk heads in Township A, 
west of Woodville, passes through Township 2, forming 
one good-sized lake on the way, enters Chester close to 
its northwest corner, receives the Trout Brook from 
Township 2 a mile and a quarter below, and two and a 
half miles from the mouth of the river is joined on the 
east side by Ebhors Stream, the two making a considera- 
ble pond at the place of meeting. The East and West 
Branches of the Ebhors rise in Woodville, and flow- 
southward to the point of union in a pond on the north 
and south road through the town, where a saw- and shin- 
gle-mill has been located. These are all the waters of 
Chester. 

The four hundred people, more or less, of the popula- 
tion of the town, reside almost altogether on the river 
road and up the Medunkeunk. A small settlement is 
formed on the north line of the town, near School No. 
6, on the north and south road above mentioned. More 
than twelve miles of the river road lie in this town, and it 
ends, or did end until recently, at the northeast corner of 
Chester. A mile and a quarter from the west town line, 
it forks, the two branches, however, remaining quite near 
together. School-house No. 7 is at their junction; School 
No. 2 on the same road, opposite Nathan's Island; School 



284 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



No. 3 three and a half miles further up; and School No. 
4 about three miles further, and two miles from the 
northeast corner of the town. Upon this road is also the 
post-office, above School No. 2, and opposite the resi- 
dence of Mr. Walter Haynes, Postmaster, is a small 
cemetery. Near the Medunkeunk Stream a short road 
connects the river-road with the river. On each side of 
the stream roads run to the junction of Ebhors and Me- 
dunkeunk, and thence a neighborhood road some two 
miles in length runs up on the west side of the latter. 
The only north and south road completely traversing the 
town is that before mentioned, which runs about midway 
of the town, passing the pond near the East and West 
Branches of the Ebhors, thence through Woodville, and 
for some miles up the Penobscot and the West Branch. 
A neighborhood road from this accommodates the settle- 
ment above School No. 6. The inhabitants of Chester 
have also ready access to the European & North American 
Railway at Lincoln, Lincoln Centre, South Winn, and 
Winn Stations. 

SETTLEMENT.* 

The sloping hillside of the right bank of the Penobscot 
River, with its warm southern exposure, early attracted 
attention from above the ancient Nicatow to Piscataquis. 
As the left bank is rather in most instances a low, soft- 
wood shore, therefore the pioneers in the Valley of the 
Penobscot would locate on the western side in prefer- 
ence, and prior to the other side. But as the seats of 
business were afterwards located on the left bank, while 
the settlements on the right became mainly farming set- 
tlements, and tributary to the business of the other shore, 
they have hardly kept pace with them in population. 
Indeed, as in Mattamiscontis, opposite Lincoln, a once 
thriving village, it is almost entirely depopulated for more 
enterprising localities. 

The first settlement of Chester was almost contempo- 
rary with that on the other shore, Winn; and so rapid was 
its early progress that it had hardly any plantation exist- 
ence, but was incorporated as early as 1834, vv-hile many 
towns, incorporated not for a quarter of a century later, 
in the vicinity, have a population far exceeding Chester. 

Frink Stratton, the pioneer of Chester, came here 
from Albion, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1823, and 
made a clearing on the shore of the Penobscot, near 
where a small brook flows into the river at the foot 
of the highland lying opposite AVinn village, and only 
about a quarter of a mile below that place. He was 
the first to start life in Chester, unless, indeed, the father 
of Columbus Dunn, who married a daughter of Joseph 
Snow, of Winn, had made a clearing a year before, where 
Jeremiah Hildreth located after, on what is now termed 
the Blood place, or the Henry Haynes or Chesley place ; 
but as this seems to be very uncertain, Mr. Stratton's 
brow must still be wreathed with the laurels of an early 
pioneer experience, a Christian, patriotic, and Quaker 
life, and which he still enjoys, at a ripe old age, 
on the very clearing he started, although the wife who 
endured most of the pioneer life with him has some time 
since gone to her eternal home. 

*By B. F. I'einald, Esq,, of Winn. 



This clearing was also almost opposite that of Elijah 
Brackett, the first settler of upper Winn. Following this 
came settlers for farming and lumbering, and the settle- 
ment increased rapidly. 

In 1S24 Moses Babcock made a clearing farther 
down the Penobscot, some two miles or so, on what is 
now occupied by the brothers Clukey, formerly the 
lAither Scott place. 

Then, within a year or two afterwards, came two other 
Babcocks, James and Jesse, the latter the father of 
James Babcock, of Lincoln county. Christopher Jack- 
ins also located soon after on what has since been known 
as the Jo Davis place, the first farm below the 
Brown schoolhouse, all within a mile and a half of Winn 
village. Jackins, Moses Babcock, and David Clindinen 
married daughters of John Gordon, who built the mill at 
Gordon Falls, years before, that Lo, the poor Indian, 
deemed so antagonistic to his peace to remain, and so 
burned down near 181 2. Some of the Babcocks went 
West and have died since, and, plentiful as they were 
once, there is not a Babcock in Chester, nor do I think 
a descendant. 

In 1824 John I., Charles, and Moses Brown, of Mont- 
ville, came to Chester, making the present Abe Brown 
farm and lumbering on what is now termed the Amos M. 
Roberts lots, clearing a piece of land close by the Penob- 
scot River, and lumbering on the land lymg back of it 
and in Woodville lying back of Chester. I'hese families 
gave the name to the islands which lie from one half to 
two miles below Winn village, and they have ever since 
borne the name of the Brown Islands, being mostly of 
rich, luxurious soil and growth, two or three of which 
have, since 1878-79, been leased from the Indians and 
cleared up mostly by George S. Ranney, of Winn, who 
lives close by. 

Within five years after the advent of Stratton many 
others came here to live. But here the writer cannot but 
note the rapidity of forest growth as evidenced by the 
Roberts lots, which, stripped largely in 1825 and. there- 
abouts, were, in halt a century afterwards, heavy with a 
growth of lumber, and considered very valuable. Since 
then they have been sold and largely stripped of timber, 
while fire, with devastating fury, has spent its force 
thereon. 

Previous to 1829, when the Military Road was built, 
communication with the outer world was difficult, and 
and lumbermen and traders would bring up with labored 
costly effort in the late fall a scow-load of supplies, 
leaving the greater part of the goods to be transported by 
horses or oxen on the ice of the Penobscot in the winters. 
When Stratton came to Chester there were but seven 
houses between Piscataquis Falls and Houlton. In 
1824 James Tabor, while working out logs, was drowned. 

In 1S28 Samuel Brown came from Albion also, and 
located just below Stratton's, buying the field where are 
Brown's pleasant farm bnildings and the residence of his 
son Abraham Brown, long a pilot on the Penobscot 
River, when boating was the business of this section and 
the steamboat was one of the links of civilization and 
business at Bangor and the military frontier of Houlton. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



283 



THE SURVEV. 

The, town was lotted with long, narrow lots on the 
river, where the settlers built on the main running along 
the river, while a very large section of the back part of 
the town was laid out in mile squares. 

From some cause Chester was a long, rather narrow- 
township, lying opposite both Winn and Lincoln, and but 
little more than the main river road was built or occupied 
till the Woodville road led to the water-power on the 
Ebhors, and more recent roads developing the fertile 
mile squares on the Medunkeunk Stream, at the very 
lower and eastern limit of the town. 

lATER SETTLEMENTS. 

The settling of the lower end of the town was com- 
menced a little later, but proceeded quite as fast as up- 
per Chester, becoming, on account of the better soil, the 
most prosperous part of the town. 

In 1825 Ben Walton commenced a larm on the Willis 
Hamilton placce. 

James Lindsays came from Dover, New Hampshire, 
and made a clearing, and built a place where now A. J. 
Heald has a first-rate farm and farm buildings, almost op- 
posite Lincoln Centre, about 1825. 

Jerry Bartlett came in 1826 and made a clearing on 
the present Goodwin Ireland place, near the shore of the 
Penobscot and near the mouth of the jMedway Road. 

Living with Ben Walton, an old man, was John 
Weston, from Hebron, Maine. None of those above 
have any descendants in Chester now, but several sons of 
Weston are residing in the vicinity of Molunkus, Aroos- 
took county. James Lindsay, above referred to, first 
built a hotel, and with John and George Lindsay also 
traded very near where Lovitt's house now stands, nearly 
opposite to Lincoln Centre. 

The ],indsay first went to what is known as the 
Webber mill on the Cambelasse Stream in the U])per part 
of Lincoln, building a dam and starting a mill there, 
but sold out to Mr. Bemis, and went over to Chester. 
The mill property has since worked up a large amount of 
lumber in a very good timbered region, em idling the 
owners. 

In 1827 Edward Beathan came from Pittston, and 
first located at the very extreme lower end of the town, 
but afterwards settled just above the Ireland place at 
the well known Beathan ferry. His son Nat and de, 
scendants are still in Chester. 

In 1825-26 Rice, of Bangor, and Prescott, of Boston, 
built a saw-mill and grist-mill on the Medunkeunk 
Stream, about a mile and one-half from Lincoln Centre, 
near where Hatch now lives, and John Pratt built a 
shingle-mill near by soon after. John Bodbar made a 
clearing at Medunkeunk Stream in 1829. Walter 
Haynes went from Dover, Maine, in 1825, and for four 
years worked on Medunkeunk Stream and vicinity until 
1829, when he started a clearing near where James Wy- 
man has since made a farm, but in 1834 he removed to 
the [jlace where he now lives, building a large set of 
buildings in time. His first location was down toward 
the river, and the old cellar hole may yet be seen. Mr. 



Haynes eventually did much for the development of this 
locality, as in 1840 he built a mill and dam on the Eber 
Horse, or Eb Horse, or Ebhors Stream, a brook rising 
in Woodville, flowing into Chester, and tributary to the 
Medunkeunk Stream. This, in 1S43, was burned down, 
and again in that year rebuilt. It had then been sold to 
\\'illiam R. Hersey, who, with his cousin, General S. F. 
Hersey, afterwards member of Congress for the Fourth 
Maine Congressional District, were in trade at Lincoln 
Centre. S. F. Hersey had removed to Bangor, and 
William R. made a farm a short distance above Lincoln 
Centre. 

Afterwards there had been a mill-dam built down by 
the road, and in 1853 Haynes bought out Hersey, the 
mill was torn down, and Hersey rebuilt. 

Sawmills on that stream have been burnt down some 
four or five times. 

THE PROFESSIONS IN CHESTER. 

In 1831 Dr. Thomas Lindsay, a brother of John, 
George, and James, came to Chester township with his 
son Thomas, also a physician, and engaged in the prac- 
tice of medicine. Here they remained some three or 
four years or more. The young man died soon after, 
and the old doctor removed to Lincoln below the village. 
Here he died some time since. None of his descend- 
ants live in Chester, though a' few are still living in Lin- 
coln. These have been the only doctors living in 
Chester. There has been no lawyer, although George 
H. \\'ynian has resided there with his father, James Wy- 
man ; and of the ministry Rev. S. Besse has resided in 
Chester for the last decade, though the church where he 
holds service (the Baptist), is at Lincoln Centre. 

CHURCHES .AND SCHOOLS. 

Under the preaching of Elder Lewis, and later of 
Elder Jones, a church was early formed in Chester — as 
early as 1831 or 1832. Contemporary with religion was 
education, and in 1S31 a school-house was built on one 
of the Roberts lots near Mr. Kyles's, which is the upper 
district in town. Afterwards one was built where the 
Mattamiscontis and Wyman roads separate near the 
Medunkeunk Stream, near Sylvanus Hatch's; then a 
house near the Chesleys. New houses have since been 
built on the two lots, the latter known as the Blood 
school-house, and the fourth house was built just below 
Walter Haynes's, which is yet standing. 

Two other districts cover the school territory of the 
town — that is the Tash neighborhood, on the Medunke- 
unk brook, among the mile-square lots and the east or Nash 
mill on Temple Ireland neighborhood, where, in 1832, 
near the very edge of the town and Woodville, Temple 
Ireland, removing from Starks, took up a large tract of 
land. He died but a few years since, but his widow, a 
bright, girlish looking, but quite old lady, still survives 
him, living in the old house built years ago with pl.iin, 
homelike aspect, and most of her sons and daughters 
living about her. 

A TR.VGEDV. 

Here an incident is related by a daughter as one of 
her fi.\ers of time, when in their first e.xperiences. One 



286 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Otis, who boarded with her father, came home one night 
much the worse for liquor, and was ordered by him to 
sit over on the other side of the fire in the big logging 
camp and pioneer's home, and not to bother the cook, 
when seizing a knife, he made a plimge at Ireland to cut 
his throat; but by a quick movement Ireland escaped 
with but a slight scratch m his arm, while Otis was cap- 
tured and soon after imi:irisoned. 

A Mr. Miller, of Portland, whose brother, William H., 
lived in Howland, and owned considerable property about 
Piscatiquis Falls, then owned most of the township of 
Chester, excepting the few locations where parties had 
bought farms and several lots of land. Joshua Carpen- 
ter owned several lots. 

MORE OF THE SURVEY .AND SETTLEMENT. 

In 1827-2S the Township No. i, Range eight, after- 
wards Chester, was lotted and surveyed by George H. 
Moore, and he seemed to divine that the back part of the 
town needed not to be cut into small lots for farming pur- 
poses as the front, by leaving them in large lots, while 
the front was made into long strips with a river frontage 
of about sixty or seventy rods. In that year also came 
S. Warren Coombs, a brother of Mrs. Frank Stratton, 
from Albion, a carpenter and land surveyor, who taught 
several schools in town. -He at once built a large num- 
ber of houses in town — one the Abe Brown residence. 
He held office for several years in various capacities after 
the town was incorporated, and afterwards, in 1837, re- 
moved to Mattawamkeag, having married a daughter of 
Mr. Jenkins and granddaughter of John Gordon, the 
mill builder, where he now lives, largely employed in 
land and lumber surveying. 

In 1S27 David Bunker came from Canaan, not the 
promised land, but from Somerset county, Maine, and 
located in Chester where I think Mr. Copeland had 
made a clearing on what has since been known as the 
Twombly and Talbot place, nearly opposite where he 
now resides in Winn. Here he resided till 1832, when 
he engaged in dam and mill building in Mattawamkeag 
and business in other localities, and afterwards returned 
to Chester, where he held many offices. He afterwards 
removed to Winn, where he now resides on a pleasant 
farm on Bunker Hill, with pleasant surroundings, a re- 
markably healthy looking man for one so well advanced 
in years. His wife, a daughter of James Scott, a pio- 
neer of Chester, .'\unt Phebe, as she was called, died in 
1881. 

Bunker first built the house where William Scott now 
lives, having married a sister of his, and as he was build- 
ing at the time the Military Road was in process of con- 
struction through Winn, Richard Libby, who had a con- 
tract of a mile or so on the road, went across the Penob- 
scot to help raise the house with his crew of road builders. 
Libby afterwards kept a hotel in Mattawamkeag. 

In 1 82 7, and perhaps previous, Samuel Chester came 
to Chester from Chester, New Hampshire, and gave the 
name to the town, where he resided many years, after- 
wards building a large two-story house about midway the 
length of the town, kept a hotel, started large orchards, 



became an active business man, holding many offices in 
the town and being Representative. 

Freeman Crocker was an early pioneer in Chester, 
where the Wymans long since built up old and good 
farms and old-fashioned, homelike houses. The Crockers 
have several descendants now in Lincoln. Lee and 
Freeman seem to be favorite names with them. The 
Wymans — William, James, and Robert — came from 
Orono and started orchards and good farms on rather a 
high point of land nearly opposite Lincoln Village, 
Indian Island, or Mattawamcook, lying between, on 
which are several Indian families, and the Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor of the Penobscots usually has , his seat of empire 
here. Penuel Shumway and son-in law, Ira Pitman, 
moving planets, settled on the lower Roberts lot, 
where the Brown school-house now stands, or rather 
near the shore, and his name is immortalized in Shumway 
Cove, near by in the Penobscot River. They afterwards 
made settlements in Winn, near by, and also in Matta- 
wamkeag, afterwards removing to Minnesota, where but 
a few years since death set at rest his migratory tenden- 
cies for the last time, unless religious theory otherwise 
instructs. James Scott was an early settler in Chester, 
and his sons, William, Moses, and Luther, still reside in 
Chester, and also several of their descendants. Most 
early went to Woodville. William still resides at the old 
place. Moses and Luther are on the Babcock and other 
of the oldest farms in Chester. Luther removed to King- 
man. Most of them have large families, and nearly all 
have the Scott characteristics. 

0RG.\NIZ.\T10N, ETC. 

On February 26, 1834, an act of incorporation of 
Chester was passed by the Legislature at the time of the 
Governorship of Robert P. Dunlap, and on March 29, 
1834, the inhabitants of Township i, Range 8 met at 
the house of Jeremiah Hildreth, nearly midway of the 
town, on the warrant of Gideon J. Newton, Justice of 
the Peace of Chester, directed to David Haynes, the 
father of Alvin, of Winn, afterwards prominent in county 
offices and mail agent, and first mail carrier from Houl- 
ton to Bangor. The officers chosen were: Samuel 
Chesley, Moderator; John M. Lindsay, Clerk; Samuel 
Chesley, John M. Lindsay, and Alva Chesley, Selectmen, 
Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor; Dowd Haynes, 
Constable and Collector; Samuel Chesley, Treasurer. 
April 21 a voters' meeting was called at the Bartlett 
House and the Selectmen were made School Committee; 
four school districts were formed. One hundred and 
twenty-five dollars was raised for town expenses, includ- 
ing support of the poor, and the then generous sum of 
two hundred and fifty dollars for support of schools, five 
hundred dollars for roads, and voted to accept the road as 
laid out by the Selectmen, three rods wide. It was also 
voted to have this road opened in three years from June, 
1834. This road was some nine and a quarter miles in 
length, and extended nearly the whole length of the 
town. This twenty-second article was voted not to 
authorize the licensing of persons to sell wine, rum, and 
other spirituous liquors, to be drunk in their stores or 
shops. 



I 

J 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



287 



The school districts were: No. i, to include 3-12, in- 
clusive of back lots 24 and 25, a!so i, 2, 9, 10, 16, 17, 
21, and'22; No. 2 was 14-25 inclusive, and back lots 
3, II, iS, 19, and 23; No. 3 was 26-37 inclusive, and 
back lots 5, 6, 13, 14, and 20; No. 4, 38-50, and back 
lots 7, 8, and 15. At the fall election, at the Bartlett 
house, the votes were: For Governor, Peleg Sprague 
10, Robert Dunlap 21 ; Representative to Congress, ¥.d- 
ward Kent 10, Gorham Parks 21 ; and the same through- 
out for Pierce and Rice, Bartlett and Fish, Taylor and 
Bradley, Carter and Carpenter, while the amendment to 
the Constitution stood: yeas, 18; n.iys, i. On the 29th 
day of September, 1834', the inhabitants met at the house 
of Edward Beathan to attend tt) the jury-box, and to ac- 
cept alterations in the main road, and to see what the 
town would do to assist the Irelands to a road. At 
that meeting S. Warren Coombs was chosen Collector, at 
seven cents on the dollar, and Edmund Watson, Alvah 
Chesley, and Frink Stratton were accepted as jurymen, 
and that the Irelands expend their own road money on 
their own road to get to the main road. 

The following March the inhabitants met at the house 
of Samuel Chesley. Though only one year a town, they 
had become suspicious, and chose an Investigating Com- 
mittee to investigate the affairs of the town, and Edmund 
Watson, Samuel Chesley, and Jason Weston were chosen. 
That year there was a sad fall in school money raised, 
being only seventy-five dollars. But five hundred dollars 
was raised for roads, and five hundred dollars for town 
expenses and poor, and Rachel Oaks, one of the poor, 
was struck off to the lowest bidder, Samuel White, at 
one dollar and a half per week. But a better considera- 
tion was had for the schools, and instead of seventy-five 
dollars two hundred dollars were raised. 

In June, 1835, several marriages were intended, as ap- 
pears by the records. 

In the fall of 1825 it appears only one side voted, as 
Dunlap !br Governor had but ten votes, and so with all 
the candidates of that party, with not a vote on the other 
side. 

The marriage of William Wynsonand Mary B. Adams, 
of Linden, December 8, 1833, seems to be the first mar- 
riage recorded in Chester, by Samuel Chesley, Justice 
of the Peace, while David Haines married Stephen 
Haines, of Chester, to Rhoda Wheeler, of Molunkus, 
July 5, 1835; and James Pond, of Swansville, and Nancy 
Beathan, of Chester, August 16, 1835, '^s the records 
state. 

In 1836 the votes at election seem to have been much 
reduced, being Dunlap thirteen, Kent five. The place 
of meeting then varied from the house of Samuel Ches- 
ley to that of Andrew Spencer, but during all their ani- 
mosities they were true to the schools, raising two hun- 
dred and fifty dollars each year. 

May 2, 1837, they held a town meeting to dispose of 
the public money or surplus revenue from the State, the 
money being in the hands of Jeremy Nelson, and hav- 
ing given every man, woman, and child a share, they 
felt so happy they voted to dissolve the meeting without 
day. 



In the election of 1837, Kent, for Governor, had 
twenty votes, and Gorham Parks seventeen, with others 
at same rate, and increase of six votes over the previous 
year. At the election in 1838 Edward Kent had twenty- 
six votes, and John F'airfield eighteen votes. In that 
year Samuel Chesley was candidate for the Legislature, 
and had twenty-four votes. In 1840 they, tired of the 
responsibilities of a town, and chose W. R. Miller as 
agent to go to Augusta to get the act of incorporation 
repealed, and Samuel Chesley agent to instruct Miller, 
but did not succeed. In 1844, ten years after incorpora- 
tion, the vote was twenty-six and twenty-two, and the 
same in 1848. 

The memory of man or woman I find runneth not to 
tell of the first birth, death, or marriage in Chester, and 
the records of Chester, although in black and white, do 
not distinguish those to the manner born and those from 
foreign soil. 

But one post-ofifice has been established in Chester, 
supplied by the mail-route from Lincoln Centre to Med- 
way, Walter Haynes being postmaster most of the time. 

REMARKS. 

Not much more can be said of Chester. It is a quiet 
farming town, all pursuing the even tenor of their way, 
devoting themselves to farming and a littie lumbering. 
Several good farms attract attention. John W. Coombs, 
near Winn, and Abram B. Brown have good, well-kept 
farms. George Henry Haynes, on the old Chesley place; 
the sons of Andrew Fleming, Wells Carper, near the 
centre of the town ; A. J. Heald, Rev. S. Besse, the 
Wymans, and several others near the southean extremity 
of the town, all have good farms. Several good-sized 
orchards are to be found in town, notably that of G. H. 
Haynes. 

In 1850 William R. Hersey traded his mill on the 
Ebhors Stream, and the Scotts have traded it since. 

Communication is had with the eastern side of the 
river by ferry at Lincoln Centre, kept by Lovetts and 
William Scott; by ferry of Ziba Burrill, near the \Vinn 
and Lincoln line, and by Moses Scott's ferry, coming out 
at Este's mill, in Winn, about two and a half miles below 
Winn village. 

A bridge has been talked of across the Penobscot at 
Winn village, but it is hardly likely to succeed for several 
years at any rate. 

A new road was laid out in 1881 nearly opposite Winn 
village, accommodating new settlers in \Voodville and 
those on the county road. On its completion, a ferry 
will probably be established, running over to Winn 
village. 

Politically, Chester has always been strongly Repub- 
lican, although the Greenback party captured many in 
its greatest force. 

The first church — Free-will Baptist — was organized at 
John O. Kyle's in 1831, with about fifty members;. 

BIOGR.\PHICAL NOTICES. 

Samuel Chesley, Esq., one of the early settlers of the 
county, was born in Paris, Maine, October 31, 1788. 
He received a common town school and academic edu- 



288 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



cation, and resided in Paris until he moved with his fam- 
ily to that part of Penobscot county then Township No. 



3, now the town of Chester. 



He came to look for land 
in 1825, and selected lots Nos. 29 and 30 for a farm, 
upon which he moved his family in January, 1826. The 
river was the public road, and this entire region was com- 
paratively a wilderness. He was married March 26, 
1814, to Miss Martha Perry, of Paris, who was born 
November 27, 1791, and died June 23, 1859. Her 
father, Asa Perry, one of the early settlers of Paris, was 
formerly ot Bridgewatcr, Massachusetts; her mother was 
from Taunton, Massachusetts. They first settled on a 
farm in Paris, where they had five children, viz: Samuel 
H., of Fort Faiifield, Maine; Addison P., of Minneapolis, 
Minnesota; Martha J. (Mrs. N. Crockett), deceased; B. 
Franklin, deceased, and C. Columbus, of Mattawani- 
keag. After their removul to this county they had five 
more children: Mary A. (Mrs. Alvin Haynos, 2d), of 
Lincoln; N. Lincoln, of Milford; Albion P., of Lincoln; 
Cynthia (Mrs. R. Wyman), of ^^'mn, and Louisa (Mrs. 
E. Babcock), of Lincoln. Franklin, a member of Com- 
pany G, Twenty-second Regiment Maine Volunteers, 
died at Franklin City, Louisiana, May 3, 1862. Samuel 
was the son of Nicholas Chesley, one of the first settlers 
of Paris, but formerly of New Hampshire. He had five 
brothers and three sisters, viz: Benjamin, deceased; 
Nicholas, deceased; Jonathan, deceased; David, de- 
ceased; William, deceased ; Sarah (Mrs. D. Farrar), de- 
ceased, Betsey (Mrs. J. Dinsamore), deceased; Char- 
lotte (Mrs. A. White), of Di.xfield, Maine, only survivor. 
Jonathan, a graduate of Bowdoin College, was for many 
years a school teacher, but afterwards studied law. He 
died m Saco, Maine, about the time he was to begin its 
practice. Samuel, the pioneer, died October 19, 1869, 
in Chester. To his efforts was the town largely indebted 
for its incor[)oration, and he held one or more of its mu- 
nicipal officers during the most of his residence there. 
He also served as a Reprrsentative in the State Legisla- 
ture. He was a prominent Justice of the Peace, and 
possessed a judicial mind, with an uncommon share of 
legal attainments; though but a plain farmer and lumber- 
man, his counsel was often sought in legal questions, and 
he was more than a match for common cases. Posses- 
sing a comprehensive intelligence, connected with a 
sound and cautious judgment, he was placed higher in 
the estimation of an intelligent public than is the com- 
mon lot of man He shared the privations, struggles, 
and toils of a pioneer life, and maintained his integrity 
of character to the last, sharing in part the fruition of 
his labors. 

Mr. Walter Haynes, who first came to Chester in 
1825, and settled here m 1S29, is a son of Walter and 
Eleanor Haynes {m-e Craig), of Readfield. Walter and 
Eleanor Haynes had ten children, of whom Walter is 
the oldest. He was born March 14, 1804, and lived for 
a few years in Foxcroft, where he followed the milling 
business. He came to Chester and settled when he was 
twenty-six years old. He cleared the place where he 
lives from the standing trees, and now has a good farm 
on the bank of the Penobscot River. He married Lydia 



Carlton, daughter of Daniel Carlton, of Foxcroft. This 
couple have had nine children — Charles, of Minnesota; 
Walter, also in Minnesota; Daniel, of Winn; Lydia A., 
widow of Sullivan Keen; Langdon, of Montana; Hiram, 
deceased; Lovina, deceased; Henry, of Chester; Elvira, 
wife of Cyrus Smith, of Chestej; Converse, of Lincoln 
Centre; Cynthia, wife of Frank Jenkins, of Danforth, 
Maine; Martin, of Chester. Mr. Haynes has held many 
of the prominent town offices, and has been postmaster 
for over twenty-years. He is well known as one of the 
oldest settlers aud leading men in Chester. 

Mr. George H. Haynes, a son of Walter Haynes, 
whose biography appears in this work, was born June 2, 
1S42, in the town of Chester. He has always lived on 
a farm. In 1861 he married Ada Heald, daughter of 
Andrew J. and Mary Heald. He first settled in Lin- 
coln, where he lived two years. He moved to Chester 
from Lincoln in 1865 and settled on what is known as 
the Bunker farm, where he lived two years, when he 
bought one-half of Mr. Heald's farm and lived there I 
about one and a half years. In 1870 he bought the 
farm where he now lives, in what is known as the Chesley 
neighborhood. Here he owns one hundred and sixty 
acres of good land, and is a successful farmer. Mr. and 
Mrs. Haynes have six children — Elmer E., Charles C, 
Josie M., Agnes, Henry H., and the baby not named. 
Mr. Haynes has held his position as Selectman for 
twelve years almost consecutively. He has also been 
Town Treasurer of Chester. These positions show that 
he is held in high esteem as a business man by his towns- 
men. 

One of the first settlers in Chester before the town was 
incorporated was Mrs. Paul Stratton, who came here 
fiom .Albion, Kennebec county, in 1831. At that time 
there were very few settlers here. He was then married 
to Sarah A. Frazier, and had four children. He settled 
on the place where Mr. William Stratton now lives, and 
spent the remainder of his life here following the busi- 
ness of farming. Mr. and Mrs. Stratton had ten children, 
viz: Mary, wife of George Robertson; Eliza, now 
Mrs. Josiah Snow; ^Villiam A.; Lewis F., now in Ban- 
gor; Jane, now Mrs. James Snow; Eunice S., wife of 
James P. Crowell, of Orono; George H., now of Minne- 
sota; Ellen D., now Mrs. Otis T. Hooper, of Boston; 
Martha C, wife of William Jewell, of Gorham, New 
Hampshire, and Guilford D., of Mattawamkeag. It is 
quite a remarkable fact that all of this large family are 
still living. Mrs. Stratton died in April, 1879. Mr. 
Stratton is slill living, being eighty-four years old. 
William Stratton was born in St. John, New Brunswick, 
September 5, 1827. He came here with his father and 
on becoming of age settled in Winn. He lived in Winn 
nine years, then moved back to Chester, where he has 
since lived, engaged in farming and lumbering. He 
married Miss Julia H. Snow, daughter of Israel H. and 
Sarah H. Snow, of Bangor. They have had eight chil- 
dren, viz: Fred W., Ida M., deceased; Paul, Henry H., 
Everett B., Sarah A., Charles A., and the baby which 
died in infancy. 

Abram B. Brown is a son of Samuel G. and Mary VV. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



289 



Brown {nee Mary Coombs) of Albion, Kennebec county. 
Mr. Brown was a native of New Hampshire, and Mrs. 
Brown .was a native of Islesboro. They had thirteen 
children, seven of whom grew to maturity, viz: Lydia 
C., now Mrs. Jonathan Gihnan, of Bangor; Lois B., wife 
of Jeremiah D. Webber, of Winn; Abbie M., now Mrs. 
Nicholas H. Huston, of Winn; Abram S. Warren, de- 
ceased; Lindley H., deceased; Clarissa J., deceased. 
Mr. Brown followed the business of farming, but held 
prominent town oflfices during his life. He died in 
January, 1872; Mrs. Brown died in 1S70. Abram 
Brown was born November 5, 1827, in Albion. He 
came to Chester with his parents when a child, and has 
ever since lived here. He married Miss Ellen Rich, 
daughter of Robert and Martha Rich, of Mattawamkeag. 
They have five children, viz: Lida, Oilman B., Willie 
W., Edith, and Harriet C. Mr. Brown owns a good 
farm on the river in Chester. He formerly was a pilot 
on the river. He has served as Selectman and Overseer 
for over eighteen years, which speaks well for his ability 
as a business man. Mrs. Brown died February 9, 1879. 

Mr. John W. Coombs, of Chester, is a son of Jona- 
than and Ann Coombs, nee Ann Monroe, of Albion, 
Kennebec county. They came from Albion and settled 
in Winn in 1843. They had seven children, five of 
whom grew to maturity, viz: Angeline, now Mrs. Wil- 
liam Bryant, of Passadumkeag; John W., Joseph, de- 
ceased ; Franklin, of Winn; Harrison, also of Winn; 
and two died in infancy. Mr. Coombs always followed 
farming for a business. He died July i, 1876. Mrs. 
Coombs is still living on the old homestead. John W. 
Coombs was born October 21, 1832; on becoming of 
age he married Harriet B. Stratton, of Chester, and 
settled where he now lives, just opposite Winn, in Ches- 
ter. He cleared up the farm, and now has a hundred 
acres of good land. Mr. and Mrs. Coombs have no 
children, but are bringing up two adopted children. Mr. 
Coombs has generally followed flirming, though he was 
formerly a pilot on the river here. Mr. Coombs has not 
been engaged in public life to any extent. 

Mr. S. Besse, of Chester, is a son of John and Betsey 
37 



Besse, tiee Betsey Tripp, who were from Massachusetts. 
They had fourteen children, of whom Mr. S. Besse was 
the sixth. He was born in Paris, Maine, June 25, 1815. 
He spent his early life on a farm, and on coming of age 
he attended school for several years, not having had an 
opportunity to get an education earlier in life. After 
attending school at Hebron Academy he settled in Lin- 
coln, where he lived twenty-five years. He was all this 
time, or nearly so, the pastor of the Baptist church. On 
account of failing health he retired to the farm where 
he now lives, in Chester, in 1870. While in Lincoln he 
was a member of the School Board for ten or fifteen 
consecutive years. Mr. Besse now owns a good farm in 
Chester, about three-fourtiis of a mile from Lincoln 
Centre. He is and has for years been one of the pro- 
nounced temperance men of this region. Since his 
removal to Chester he has been one of the Selectmen, or 
Town Treasurer, or School Committeeman, almost every 
year. In 1877 or 1S78 he represented the District com- 
posed of Lincoln, Patten, and other towns in the Legis- 
lature. He is a man that is well known and highly es- 
teemed, as his public record shows. 

STATISTICS, ETC. 

Chester had 277 inhabitants in 1840, 340 in 1850, 
318 in i860, 350 in 1S70, and 362 in 18S0. Its period 
of retrogression, it will be observed, was between 1850 
and i860, since when it has not only held its own, but 
made some advance in point of population. 

The voters in Chester numbered 73 in i860, 75 in 
1870, and 97 in 1880. The mcrease by thirty per cent 
during the last decade is quite noticeable. 

Valuation of estates: i860, $27,902; 1S70, $47,103; 
1880, $42,760. 

The following named were the town officers in 1880; 
G. Henry Haynes, A. B. Brown, Sylvester Besse, Select- 
men; William A. Scott, Town Clerk; A. L. Chandler, 
Treasurer; J. D. Kyle, School Supervisor; A. L. Chand- 
ler, James W. Wyman, Constables ; George H. Haynes, 
George H. Hathorn (quorum), Justices. 



CLIFTON. 



Clifton was formerly known as Jarvis's Gore, and is 
described in the act of the General Court of Massachu- 
setts, creating the county of Penobscot, as " The Gore 
east of Brewer." Notwithstanding these designations, 
the town, as it now lies, has but partial resemblance to a 
gore. About two thirds of its length and breadth, in the 
central and southern parts, has rather the shape of a 
parallelogram, while the northern part narrows from the 
westward during but little more than half its width, and 
is bounded on the north by a nearly east and west line. 
This boundary, however, is but two and one-fourth miles 
long. Beyond it lies Bradle_v. The angling or gore 
line on the northwest, four and one-half miles long, 
also separates Clifton from Bradley, and, for a short dis- 
tance on the extreme southwest end of it, from Edding- 
ton. The west line is three and three fourths miles 
long, and also lies between Eddington and Clifton. The 
south limit is five and one-fourth miles long, and beyond 
it lies the town of Otis, in Hancock county. The east 
line of Clifton is unbroken, and is the longest boundary j 
of all, being seven miles in length. Upon parts of each 
of the confines, save the north, lie small lakes or ponds i 
—Hopkins upon the eastern, Spectacle and Burnt upon 
the southern, Fitts and Nichols upon the western and 
northwestern. The town is ten and one-third miles dis- 
tant from Bangor, upon a line nearly due east and west 
between the two towns. 

As already intimated, there is a great deal of water in 
and about Clifton. The largest sheet that enters it is 
Nichols Pond, in the northwest. This lies mostly in 
Bradley, but partly in Eddington, and reaches Clifton 
only by two small bays, covering about one hundred and 
si.xty acres. Into the northernmost of these, close 
to the town line, flows a short creek, formed half a mile 
eastward by the union of the JMill Stream, flowing from 
the Parks Pond, near the centre of the town, a sheet 
two-thirds of a mile long by three-eighths broad, and 
covering one hundred and forty acres, and the Trout 
Brook, which rises just south of Eagle Mountain, and 
receives the small tributaries from the southward on its 
way. The other bay in Clifton also receives a small af- 
fluent, which heads at the foot of Bald Mountain. An- 
other brook, flowing from Davis Pond to the south bay 
of Nichols Pond, just in the edge of Eddington, courses 
through a short arc in Clifton. Immediately at its en- 
trance into the town it is joined by the outlet of Snow 
Shoe Pond, a small lake of thirty acres, also near the 
town line, a little southwest of Bald Mountain. This 
outlet runs for about half a mile in Clifton, then for a 
mile or less in Eddington, and finally for another half- 
mile near the town Hne to the junction with the outlet of 
290 



Davis Pond. Near the southwest corner of the town is 
Fitts Pond, one and one-eighth miles long by three- 
eighths broad in its widest part, with a rivulet at the 
head, coming in from the west of Snow Shoe Pond. A 
hundred rods east of the middle of Fitts is Little Burnt 
Pond, half a mile north of Burnt Pond (sixty acres), 
which lies mostly in Hancock county, and with which 
its little sister is connected by a narrow outlet. Nearly 
two miles east of these is Spectacle Pond, a long, narrow 
lake of one hundred acres, also reaching into Otis, but 
with about a mile of its length in Clifton. It also has a 
short headwater, with a very little lake upon it. Hopkins 
Pond, in the southeast of the town, lies mostly in Han- 
cock coimty, but has about half a square mile (three 
hundred and forty acres) of surface In Penobscot, with 
a small tributary lying wholly in Clifton, and rising near 
the corner of the town. The enumei'ation of lakes is 
completed with the mention of Owl's Pond, a small one 
near Eagle Mountain, with a petty headwater from the 
southeast and a short outlet into Parks Pond; and of 
Cranberry Pond, which contains forty acres. Some 
smaller jjonds, however, give life and beauty to the 
scene: y, and fiu-nish some power for mills. The north 
part or "gore" of the town contains no ponds except 
small portions of Parks and Nichols; but is amply 
watei'ed by the Bradbury Brook Branch, which itself di- 
vides into two branches, one on each side of Little 
Peaked Mountain, and joins a small branch near the 
north line, whence it flows into Bradley, as the Great 
Works Stream, intersecting that town throughout. 

The incidental mention ali-eady of so many "moun- 
tains" leads easily to the remark that much of the sur- 
face of Clifton is broken, and parts of it quite abruptly 
hilly, making, with the ponds, its scenery decidedly 
varied and pictui'esque. The town derives its name, m- 
deed, I'rom the cliffy character of several of the larger 
hills. On the west side, about two-thirds of a mile from 
the boundary and half-way down the towm from the end. 
ing of the gore, is Bald Mountain, whose very name par- 
tially describes and .identifies it. Three miles north of 
east from it, near Owl's Pond, is Eagle Mountain. A lit- 
tle more than a mile north of this is another eminence of 
respectable height, and half a mile northeast of it is the 
well-known Little Peaked Mountain, a prominent object 
in the landscape, whose height has been ascertained by 
President'Fernald, of the State College, by trigonomet- 
rical measurement to be 1,125 feet. About the same 
distance south of east from it, and on the east town line, 
is a rather long elevation known as the Peaked Moun- 
tain. Many subordinate heights, which need not be re- 
capitulated here, appear at other points in the town. The 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCO r COUNTY, .MAINE. 



291 



famous Black Cap Mountain lies just outside the town, in 
the border of Eddington, abreast of Fitts Pond. 

Notwithstanding the occupation of some space by 
these mountains and lakes, there is still abundant area 
left for cultivation and other industry ; and the beginnings 
of numerous and prosperous settlement have been well 
made in Clifton. Most of it, so far, rests along the road 
which comes from the river road on the Penobscot, at 
Eddington's Bend, runs through Eddington to Davis 
Pond, and there makes an angle to the northeastward 
into Clifton, through which it runs in the same general 
direction to its exit into Hancock county, between the 
Bradbury Brook Branch and Peaked ^Mountain. This is 
the stage road from Eddington to Amherst, in the lat- 
ter county. 

Residences are quite thickly scattered along the si.x or 
seven miles of the river road in Clifton. Upon it 
are public school-houses, one mile from the west town 
line, at the road junction near Parks Pond (No. 2), and 
at another union of roads somewhat northwest of Little 
Peaked Mountain (No. i). The highway coming in 
here is a neighborhood route of near two miles' length, 
with a short side road to Peak Mountain. The road 
which comes in west of Parks Pond, at School No. 2, is a 
through cross-road, connecting the first with the road of 
second importance in the town. It leaves the principal 
wagon-route at the Penney Store, near the crossing of 
Trout Brook, "where the only post-office as yet in the 
town is kept, and runs in a general southeasterly direc- 
tion to a point three-fourths of a mile from the southeast 
corner of the town, where it passes into Hancock county. 
Upon this is School No. 5, a mile east of Spectacle 
Pond; the locality known as Owl's Head, whence a trail 
runs to Spectacle Pond; a cemetery directly above the 
junction of the cross-road aforesaid; School No. 4 a third 
of a mile above that; the hall of the Independent Order 
of Good Templars half a mile beyond that, and at no 
great distance the store and post-office already mentioned 
at the junction with the main road. North of this latter 
highway there is yet no road of importance in the town. 
The nearest railroad is the Bangor and Bucksport Nar- 
row-guage, along the river in Eddington. 

At places upon tne surface of Clifton, there are huge 
granite boulders and large pudding-stones and conglom- 
erate rocks, some of them containing a thousand cubic 
feet or more. Occasionally a shell-rock is also found. 
The area of the town is about 20,150 acres. 

The first clearings in this town were made in 18 12, by 
Messrs. Benjamin and Israel Barnes. Benjamin Penney 
and his t'amily came in 1816. Their descendants still 
reside in considerable number in the town, and several 
of them, as will be seen below, are among its public offi- 
cers. Among the early settlers were also Ebenezer Davis 
and Mr. Parks. 

This tract took the early name of Jarvis's Gore, from 
an original owner; but, when it came to be incorporated, 
August 7, 1848, it took the name of Maine, soon subse- 
quently becoming Clifton, as a more musical and appro- 
priate designation. 

Jarvis's Gore, which must then have included more 



than the present Clifton, which was not yet settled, had 
50 inhabitants in iSio. The population had nearly 
tripled in 1S20, when it was 139. We have no reports 
for the next two decades; but in 1850, two years after it 
had become Maine or Clifton, the population was 306. 
In i860 it was 307, in 1870 348, and in iSSo 350. It 
has thus increased, while other towns have fallen off. 

The number of polls reported from Jarvis's Gore in 
1820 was 20. In i860 the number had risen to 66; in 
1870 to 88, and in 1880 to 98. 

The valuation of estates in these years, respectively, 
was $5,790, $36,529, $58,752, and $44,259- 

The people of Clifton are engaged to some extent 
in lumbering and the manufacture of long and short 
lumber; but the chief industry is still agriculture. The 
farms produce hay, grain, potatoes, and other crops, in 
considerable quantities. 

One general store is kept, and one establishment for 
millinery and fancy goods. 

Churches have been built in the town for Calvinistic 
{ Baptist, Free Baptist, and Christian societies; but the 
Free Baptist is the only one now supplied with a pastor. 
The Rev. Benjamin Penney, of the old pioneer family, 
ministers to this. He is also, we believe, postmaster at 
the only post-office as yet in the town. 

There are live school-houses, and as many district 
schools, in Clifton. 

The Clifton Lodge, No. 48, Independent Order of 
Good Templars, was organized December 20, 1877. It 
meets on Saturday evenings. 

OFFICERS FOR 1880. 

John B. Rooks, D. W. Leonard, \V. H. Parks, Select- 
men; Daniel Scott, Jr., Town Clerk; E. J. Penney, Treas- 
urer; M. F. Chick, School Supervisor; E. D. Penney, 
Constable; R. G. Chick, Moose Warden; E. Chick 
(Quorum); John B. Rooks, (Trial) Justices. 

It is noticeable that this town, although little more 
than ten miles from Bangor, still has a Moose Warden. 

BIOGR.^PHIC.^L NOTES. 

The father of Benjamin Penney was born in the town 
of Wells, county of York, Maine, in 1788. \Vhen a 
youth he went to Shapleigh, where he lived until his 
married, \vhen he moved to Amherst, and from there to 
Eddington. In 1816 he moved to Jarvis's Gore, now 
Clifton, where he died in 1877, at the age of ninety-two 
years. He was by occupation a farmer and lumberman. 
His wife was Meribah Chick, born in Shapleigh in 1781. 
After marriage they removed to Jarvis's Gore, now Clif- 
ton, where she died in 1858, aged seventy-seven. Ben- 
jamin was the seventh child in the family, and was the 
first child born in Clifton, in 1818. Other children were 
Susan, who married Ebenezer Davis, by whom she had 
two children, and after his death she married Mr. Wood- 
bury, of Eddington; Joseph married Louisa Moore, and 
has seven children; Abigail married Thomas Graves, and 
is the mother of nine children; J. Calvin married Dorcas 
Davis, and died leaving eight children; Jarvis S. married 
Louisa Ames, and has five children; Esther married Wil- 
liam Graves, and has three children; P. G. Penny mar- 



292 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ried Susan Fox, nnd has seven children; Luther married 
Lydia Parks, and has two children; Abram C. married 
Francis A. Campbell, and has seven children. Ben- 
jamin Penny while a youth followed farming, and since 
niarriace he lias been engaged in lumbering, milling, 
mercantile business, and farming. He was married to 
Olive H. Smith in 1S39, and by this union had three 
children — Maribah, married Thomas Debeck, and died 
leaving one child, who lives with Mr. Penny; Benjamin 
W., died unmarried, and Evea S., who remains single. 
The father of Mrs. Penny was James Smith, and her 
Jerusha Moore. Mr. Penny has during his life held all 
the town offices, and was Postmaster nine years. He 
was formerly a Republican, but for the past two years 
has been a Greenbacker. For twenty-eight years he has 
been a clergyman in the Freewill Baptist Church. 

Joseph Penny was born in the town of Shapleigh, 
York county, Maine. When about two years of age he 
accompanied his parents to FMdington, and after a few 
years' residence to Clifton, where he yet resides, aged 
seventy-two years. He was born in 1809, and during 
most of his life has been a farmer and lumberman. His 
wife was Louisa Moore, who was born in Vassalboro, 
Maine. She w'as married in Mariaville, to Mr. Penny, 
October 6, 1830, and died at Clifton, January 6, 1871, 
aged si.xty-si.x years. Edward J. Penny was the second 
child. He married Helen L. Bradbury, and by her had 
two children, who reside at home. Mr. Penny has held 
most of the township offices. In politics he is a Repub- 
lican. The other children of Joseph Penny were Mary 
S., Edwin Archer, Eben D., Arthur R., Susan D., Ar- 
villa L., Viola W. 

The father and mother of Luther Penny were natives 
of Shapleigh, Maine. Their children were Susan, 
Joseph, Abigail, Jarvis, Esther, Berya, Peregrine G., Cal- 
vin, Luther, Abram. Luther Penny was born in Clifton, 
where he now resides, in 1S23. While a youth he worked 
at farming, and since he was married has been a lumber- 
man. His wife is Lydia Parks, to whom he was married 
in 1847. They have two children now living — Augusta 
A., married to Orlando Tibbets, and has one child; Ruth, 
married to Edwin Jordan. The father of Mrs. Penny 
was Thomas Parks; her mother was Keziah Rowe. Mr. 
Penny has held several town offices, and is now School 
Agent. In politics he is a Republican. He owns a farm 
and also the mills of the place. 

Abraham C. Penny was born in Jarvis Gore, now Clif- 
ton, in 1826, in which place he has always lived, his 
business being farming and lumbering. He married, in 
1831, Frances A. Campbell, who was born in the town 
of Charleston, she being but si.xteen at the time of her 
marriage. By this union have been born seven children, 
two of whom are deceased. They are — John, who died 
young; Sylvia M., married Oakman Rooks; George, 
died young; Frances A., married Nathan Mayo; Leander 
and Leannie (twins), who reside at home unmarried; and 
Inez, also at home. In his political belief Mr. Penny is 
a Republican. 

Oliver Eddy was bom in Worcester, Massachusetts, 
in 1785. When a child his parents moved to Eddy 



Valley, and a few years later to Eddington. He enter- 
ed the service of the country and was killed at the battle 
of Fort Erie in 1814, aged twenty-nine years. His wife, 
Haunah Mann, was born in Massachusetts, and died at 
Eddington in 1844, aged sixty-three years. She had 
three children: Oliver C, Charles, and Lovina. Oliver 
C. was the eldest child. During his eaily manhood he 
was a seafaring man, but after marriage he engaged in 
farming. His wife was Eliza Penny, to whom he was 
married in 1839. Their children were; Elias (de- 
ceased); Charles H., killed in the battle of the Wilder- 
ness, in 1864. Fannie O. married Henry Rooks and 
has five children. Wyman O., living at Minneapolis, 
Minnesota. Loren O., unmarried. Mr. Eddy has held 
several township offices. In politics he is a Green- 
backer. His son Wyman O. was also a soldier in the 
late war, in which he enlisted when but thirteen years 
and nine months of age. 

Rufus Rooks was born in Bucksport, Hancock county, 
Maine, June 16, 1S02. Soon alter his birth his parents 
removed to Orrington, where he remained until he was 
twenty-one years of age, alter which he came to Jarvis 
Gore, now Clifton, where he passed the remainder of his 
life. He died December 2, 1873, aged seventy-one 
years and six months. He followed the vocation of 
a farmer. His wife was Orilla Boobar, who was born in 
Milo, Maine, May 9, iSio. When about ten years of 
age her parents removed to Chester, where she was 
married March 11, 1S30. With her husband she lived 
at Clifton until her death, December 20, 1S71. John 
B. Rooks, their oldest child, was born in Clifton, Febru- 
ary 3, 1831. He was married to Eliza M. Campbell, 
October, 1854, and by this union had three children: 
Ella F. (deceased); Florence A., married Fred W. Bow- 
den and has one child, Sarah C. ; Clarence H., unmar- 
ried. Mrs. Rooks's father was John Campbell, and her 
mother Sarah Doble. Mr. Rooks has held township 
office, and is now First Selectman and Assessor. For- 
merly a Republican, he- is now a Greenbacker. The 
other children of Rufus Rooks" are George F., Joseph 
.'\., Lydia R. (deceased), Cynthia O., Drusilla B., Rufus 
H., Amos O., Charles M., and Oakman L. 

Ebenezer Davis was born in the town of Oxford, 
Worcester county, Mass., April 29, 17S7. When twelve 
years of age he removed with his parents to Eddington, 
where he remained about thirty-one years. He then re- 
moved to Clifton, where he died July i, 1850, aged sixty- 
one years. He was a merchant, lumberman, and farmer. 
Susan Penny, who became his wife, was born in the year 
1S07, in Shapleigh, York county, Maine, and when quite 
young removed with her parents to Clifton, where she 
was married in October, 1824. Danitl W. Davis, their 
oldest child, was born in Edington in 1825. The next 
child, Eben, died when five years of age, August 19, 
1835. Daniel W. Davis has always followed farming as 
an occupation. He was married September 9, 1849, to 
Almira D. Rich, by whom he has nine children : Helen 
M. married George F. Winche'.ter, of Holden, and has 
one child. George E. is unmarried ; Marcia (deceased), 
Leavenis L., Lucia A., Gracie A., Susie A., Carrie L., 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



2S3 



Irwin W. Mrs. Davis's father was Reuben Rich ; her 
mother .Ahnira D.ivis. Daniel W. Davis was elected to 
the Legislature in 1856, and served one term. In politics 
he is a Democrat. 

Elisha Chick was born in Shapleigh, Maine, in 1S06. 
His early life was passed in Aurora, where he remained 
until twenty-one years of age, when lie came to Clifton, 
where he lias since resided. Mis wife was Mary Ann 
Parks, who was born in Holden, but grew to womanhood 
in Clifton, whence her parents removed when she was a 
child, and where she was married. She died in 1852, 
aged forty-two years. Their children were William, 
Mary Jane, Moses F., Lucy Ann, Auriville, Lovicia, 
Susan, Thomas, who was killed in the battle of the 
Wilderness in 1864 ; Lucinda, and Mary Etta. Moses 
F., the third child, was born in Clifton in 1846. He has 
been a farmer and lumberman. He was married Janu- 
ary I, 1868, to Nancy G. Campbell, daughter of John 
and Sarah Doble Campbell. Mr. Chick was a member 
of the State Legislature in 1867, and is now Supervisor 
of Schools. Is a member of the Free-will Baptist 
Church, and in politics is a Republican. 

The father of Daniel Walker Leonard was born in 
Old Sharon, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, in 1781, 
where he lived until about eighteen years of age, when 
he moved to the town of Knox, where he died in 1835. 
His wife was Experience 'Walker, who was born in 
Marshfield, Massachusetts, in 1786. When eighteen 



years of age, she removed to Knox, Maine, where she 
was married, and lived until 185S, when she moved to 
Bangor, where she died in 1872, aged eighty-six years. 
Their family consisted of three children: Anna, William 
L., and DanieL The latter was born in Knox in 1823. 
His business has been that of tanner, mechanic, and 
teacher. He was married in 1S46 to Alvena J. Haskell, 
and had one child, now deceased. Mrs. Leonard died, 
aud he married Lizzie R. Huntington in 1855, by whom 
he has one child, Fred G. Mrs. Leonard was a daugh- 
ter of Stephen Huntington and Betsey W, Horn. 

Simon Crosby was born in the town of Hampden, 
Maine, where he lived until ten years of age, when the 
family moved to Fox Islands, Hancock county, Maine, 
where he lived about sixteen years. He afterwards lived 
a short time at Eddington, when he came to Clifton, 
where he died in 1S71, aged seventy-three years. His 
wife was Esther Lewis, who was born at Fox Island in 
1803. _ Samuel L. Crosby, the first child, was born at 
Fox Island October 13, 1821. He married Rebecca 
Bragg July 15, 1853. She died, leaving one daughter, 
Mary E., who married Charles E. Clough, and has two 
children. Mr. Crosby is a Republican in politics; in 
his religious belief he is a Freewill Baptist. During his 
life he has held township office. The other children of 
Simon Crosby were Mary Ann, William (deceased), 
Margaret, Benjamin, Nancy, Kissey, Sarah J., Lucinda, 
Eben, Susan, Abby, and Ste|)hen R. 



CORINNA. 



GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES. 

Corinna is another of the even, square thirty-six mile 
townships in the westernmost part of the county. It is 
the first of the second tier or range of such towns, reck- 
oning from the north and west lines of the county. Its 
western neiglibor is St. .\lbans, in Somerset county. It 
is bounded on the north by Dexter, on the east by Ex- 
eter, and the south by Newport. Weymouth Pond lies 
upon its western bolder, and another small lake stretches 
into the southwest corner. The town is sixteen miles 
distant from Bangor, in an air line. It illustrates the 
carelessness with which distances are calculated or esti- 
mated, when one finds, in what is probably the most 
iaiportant authority for the statistics of the Slate, the 
statement that Corinna is thirty miles distant from 
Bangor. 



This town, we have seen, is bounded altogether by in- 
visible and artificial lines. Those other works of man, 
more apparent and scarcely less important, known as 
wagon roads, cut up the town with surprising multiplicity 
and minuteness. From Corinna village alone, at the 
foot of the large pond between it and West Corinna, radi- 
ate no less than seven highways, five of which are leading 
roads running out of the town, from which two or three 
of them make their exit in two branches. Another 
through east and west road passes W'est Corinna. It has 
School No. 3 and a cemetery ui)on it, about two thirds 
of a mile from the east town line, besides the public and 
semi-public buildings at West Corinna. Five north and 
I south roads intersect the entire town with more or less 
1 directness, all of them making some breaks or jags at 
' the cross roads, but all of them finding their way across 



294 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the town, from Dexter to Newport. Connecting these 
and the transverse Unes, and also accommodating the 
smaller neighborhoods, are a considerable number of minor 
wagon-ways, making it one of the very best provided 
towns, in this respect, in the entire county. The Dexter 
& Newport branch of the Maine Central Railroad also 
crosses the town from north to south in a course of six 
and one-half miles witliin its limits, passing Corinna and 
West Corinna villages on its way across the territory of 
the town. 

As may readily be supposed of a town so excellently 
equipped with facilities of movement, it is well and some- 
what densely populated. • Contrary to the statement 
which must be made of the average town in this county, 
it has scarcely a square mile of territory in one tract 
which has not an inhabitant. The thickest settlements 
are upon the road northwest from Corinna Station, 
through Morse's Corners, a hamlet less than two miles 
distant, where are the Union Church and School No. lo. 
Nearly one and one-half miles further, about half a mile 
from the east line of the town, is School No. 2. Upon 
the exiension of this road through Corinna village, at the 
cross-roads a mile away, is School No. 16, in a well- 
settled region. The east and west road through West 
Corinna is also well settled; the Town Farm is about 
two-thirds of a mile west of the village. There are, in- 
deed, no long stretches of highway in the whole town, 
without at least one civilized habitation. Post-offices are 
located now only at Corinna village and Corinna Centre, 
the latter being at a cross-roads nearly equidistant from 
Corinna, West Corinna, and Morse's Corners, and not 
far, as its title hints, from the centre of the town. Here 
also are the Town House, School No. 5, and a cemetery. 
A Union Academy, Union Church, and public school 
are situated at Corinna village; and numerous school- 
houses, stores, mechanic shops, and mills, in other parts 
of the town. 

None of the waters of Corinna are specially large or im- 
portant. Ponds of some size cover several spots in the 
town ; as. Mower's and Weymouth's Ponds in the north- 
west, the latter of which goes a little way into Somerset 
county; the sheet of water before mentioned, one and 
one half miles long, between the Corinna villages; an-' 
other of nearly two miles' length, but narrow, on the other 
side of the railroad, from near Morse's Corners southwest- 
ward; a small one near the southeast corner of the town; 
and mere bits of ponds at West Corinna and near School 
No. 2. Each of the ponds in general has streams flow- 
ing into and from it. In the southwest of the town three 
brooks flow into the MuUiken Stream, which goes out 
into Newport almost broad enough to be itself consid- 
ered a lake. The Dexter Stream comes in from Dexter, 
receives a number of tributaries before entering the ex- 
pansion between Corinna and West Corinna, and flows 
thence into Newport, receiving the waters of the neigh- 
bormg long lake on the way. Into this flows the Alder 
Stream, from the north and northwest of the town. Some 
of the heads of Crooked Brook are also in the eastern 
part of Corinna. 



EA"RLy CONDITION AND PURCHASE.* 

Situated on neither of the great thoroughfares between 
the Penobscot and Kennebec Rivers, Corinna was not 
early selected by the pioneer settlers of the State. In 
1804, however, on the ,^oth of June, the land was sold by 
the State of Massachusetts. A young man of now un- 
known name, having contracted for the purchase of the 
township, but being unable to pay for it, sold his interest 
to Dr. John Warren, a brother of the Revolutionary hero, 
General Joseph Warren, for two cents per acre. In the 
heart of a Maine forest, situated on no large body of 
water, the territory was not then especially inviting, even 
to the Indian. Its history does not abound in stories of 
the tomahawk and scalping-knife. The beaver, unmo- 
lested, built his dam ; the bear and the wolf ranged with 
safetv along the quietly-running stream. Fish were 
abundant, but not all were of good quality. The plash 
of the trout and the pickerel, the snarl of the wolf, the 
snap of the fox, the growl of the bear, and the song of the 
bird, were all the sounds of living beings that broke the 
stillness. 

FURTHER DESCRIPTION. 

At the time of its ])urchase by Dr. Warren, this was de- 
scribed as "the Township numbered four, in the Fourth 
Range of townships north of the Waldo Patent," Somer- 
set county. District of Maine, Commonwealth of Massa- 
chusetts. Now, it is the second town from the north in 
the most western tier of towns in Penobscot county. 
State of Maine. The town is crossed from north' to south 
by the Dexter Stream, the eastern branch of the Sebasti- 
cook. The eastern ijart is drained by a tributary of the 
Kenduskeag, which in turn flows into the Penobscot. 
Consequently, the town forms a part of the watershed 
between the Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers. 

The surface is undulating, forming a part of the plain 
that extends northward from the Dixmont hills to the re- 
gion of Mount Katahdin. Traces of the glacial period 
are seen in small boulders of granite dropped here and 
there, and the "horseback ' extending along the east side 
of the stream south of Corinna village. This ridge is 
about eighty rods in length, is elevated fifteen to twenty 
feet, and extends from north-northeast to south-southwest. 
It consists for the most part of gravel, covered with a soil 
of sandy loam. South of the village, at the lower ex- 
tremity of the horseback, the stream receives a tributary 
from the east called Alder Stream Brook. 

The higher land consists of yellow, sandy loam, and 
the valleys of black vegetable deposit and clay loam. A 
ledge containing quartz, mixed with a variable amount of 
gold, silver, lead, and copper, underlies the greater part 
of the town, and crops out in the northern and eastern 
parts. 

The soil is good, and in general the farmer gets good 
return for the labor and capital spent upon his fields. 
The tract was once well wooded — the hills with the oak, 
birch, beech, and maple; the valleys with ash, cedar, 

* The remainder of this chapter, except a few statistical and other 
notes, has been prepared for this work by Professor Wyman B. Piper, 
Principal of the Corinna Academy, and a thoroughly competent writer, 
as we think tlie readers of his sketch will cordially agiee. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



29s 



spruce, juniper, and hemlock; while, scattered through- 
out the town, the familiar Maine emblem towered above 
its neighbor of less stately habit. 

THE PIONEERS. 

Soon after the purchase of the township. Dr. Warren 
gave to Samuel Lancey, Esq., 170 acres of land near the 
centre, for bushing out a road east and west across the 
township, and building a house and barn upon the land. 
'Squire Lancey cut the bushes from the proposed road, 
and upon the land now owned and occupied by Jacob 
Philbrickand ^\'inkworth Allen, erected hewed frames for 
his house and bam. .Around these buildings he cleared 
ten acres of land. He partly covered the barn frame, but 
did not finish the house frame. The barn was afterwards 
used for the first religious meetings of the early settlers 
of the town. 

Previously two men, Isaac and Moses Hodgdon, who 
were surveying E.xetcr, having completed that town, came 
into Corinna to run it out. They entered the southeast 
corner and built their camp. Their provisions having 
failed, Isaac went to East Corinth for supplies. Moses 
and another man busied themselves in felling trees while 
he was away. 

The ne.xt year two men by the name of Goodhue came 
to the same place and completed felling eighteen acres. 
From this they obtained a crop of corn the first year, 
after which they abandoned their claim, leaving the corn 
to rot in the bins into which they had gathered it. Their 
nearest neighbors were at East Corinth, si.xteen miles 
away; their only road a line on spotted trees. 

Among the first who came with tlieir families was a 
Mr. Chase. He built himself a log cabin, and to this 
brought his wife. Here, it is said, the first child born in 
the township looked upon his forest home. Chase, be- 
coming dissatisfied, left his wife and children and went 
to Massachusetts. His wife afterwards married a man 
by the name of Hartwell. 

.Mong the road bushed out by Lancey settled Thomas 
Barton, James Smith, Joseph Pease, and Ebenezer Nut- 
ter. Barton was accounted a good citizen, but held no 
important offices. He had formerly served in the Revo- 
lutionary war. After the act pensioning the soldiers of 
the Revolution he drew his pension, and is reported in 
the census of 1S40 as one of the four Revolutionary sol- 
diers living in the town. James Smith lived on the farm 
now owned and occupied as the Town Farm. He held 
the office of Constable after the town was organized, and 
is reported as a good ofificer. He reared a family of four 
children. Joseph Pease lived in the eastern part of the 
town, and afterwards sold his farm to Henry Dearborn, a 
tanner and shoemaker from North Durham, New Hamp- 
shire. Pease was one of the first Board of Selectmen. 
Ebenezer Nutter was a single man, and lived in the west- 
ern part of the town. 

From this time the history of the town has been the 
history of its citizens. The township furnished no sol- 
diers for the War of 181 2, and not yet being incorporated 
it was not subject to a draft. Therefore it became the 
refuge of those of the adjoining towns who were fright- 
ened at the roar of the British Lion. 



Dr. ^^■arren, hoping to induce settlers to come to the 
township, hired Captain Joseph Ireland and his nephew, 
Joseph Ireland, to erect a mill on the stream. They 
came from Bloomfield and built their mill. One end of 
it was used for sawing lumber, and the other for grind- 
ing grain. One run of stones was all the Irelands put in, 
and the pioneer farmers brought their grists to be ground 
and carried it home unbolted on their horses' backs. 
The records of births and deaths show that these farmers 
were of good stock, raising large families and living to a 
rii)e old age. 

The second road bushed out was from the site of this 
mill to the one opened by 'Squire Lancey. Supplies 
were brought from Bangor on horseback, the pay for 
which was hauled out to the river on "hoopling" sleds. 

MUNICIPAL 0RG.\NIZ.4TI0N. 

In December, 1816, an act of incorporation was 
introduced into the General Court of Massachusetts, 
making Warren Township, No. 4, the town or Cor- 
inna. It was named for a daughter of Dr. Warren. Be- 
low is given the text of the act of incorporation, together 
with the warrant issued for the first town meeting: 

COMMONWE.ALTH OF M.^SS.^CHUSETTS. 

In llie year of our Lord one thousand eiglil hundred and si.xteen. 
An .^ct incorporating the town of Corinna, in the county of Somerset. 

Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 
tives in General Court assembled, and by tile authority of the same, 
that the township numbered Four in the fourth range of townships 
north of the Waldo Patent, in the county of Somerset, as contained 
within the following described boundaiies, be and is hereby incorpor- 
ated as a town by the name of Corinna, viz: Ef.st by the town of 
E.veter, north by the town of Newport, and west by the town of St. 
Albans; and the inhabitants of the said town of Corinna are thereby 
vested with all the powers and privileges, and shall also be subjected to 
all the duties and requisitions of other towns according to the Constitu- 
tion and the laws of this Commonwealth. 

SiiCTIGN 2. Be it further enacted that any Justice of the Peace for 
the county of Somerset, upon application therefor, is hereby erapow- 
ereed to issue a warrant directed to a freehold inhabitant of the said 
town of Corinna. requesting him to notify and warn the qualified voters 
therein to meet at such time and place in the same town as shall be 
appointed in the said warrant, for the choice of such officers as towns 
are by law empowered and required to choose or appoint at their an- 
nual town meetings in M.arch or April. 

In the House of Representatives, December the loth, 1816, this 
bill, having had three several readings, passed to be enacted. 

(Signed) Timothy Bigelow, Speaker. 

In Senate, December nth, 1816, this Bill having had two several 
readings, passed to be enacted. 

(Signed) Joii.v Pmi.i.ips, President. 

December n, 1816, approved, JoH.N Brooks. 

Secretary's Office, ) .A true copy, 

December 28, 1816. ) .Attest: A. Br.\dford, 

Secretary of Commonwealth. 

SOMF.KSET, SS: 

To John Eliot, one of the principal inhabitants of the town of Co- 
rinna, in the county of Somerset; Greeting: 

By an act of incorporation on the tenth .eleventh] day of December, 
eighteen hundred and sixteen, the inhabitants of the said town of 
Corinna are vested with all the powers and privileges, and shall be sub- 
ject to all the duties and requisitions of other towns; and 

Where.^s. by law it is made the daty of some justice of the peace 
to call a meeting of said inhabitants, application being made to me the 
subscriber, one of the Justices of the Peace within and tor the county 
of Somerset, for to call a meeting in said town of Corinna. 

These are, therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Massa- 
chusetts, t6 request you to notify the freeholders and other inhabitants 
qualified by law to vote in town affairs, to assemble at the dwelling- 
house of Benjamin Hiltons on .Saturday, the first day of March, in the 



296 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT- COUNTY, MAINE. 



year of our Lord eighteen hundred and seventeen, at eleven o'clock in 
the forenoon, for to act on the following articles, viz: 

First, to choose a Moderator to govern said meeting. 

Second, to choose a Town Clerk, Selectmen, Assessors, Constable, 
and all other town officers which towns have a right to choose by the 
laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

I Given under my hand and seal this seventeenth day of February, in 
the year of our Lord one tliousand eight hundred and seventeen. 

Samuel L.\ncey. 

At that town meeting William Elder, Joseph Pease, 
and Constant Southard were elected Selectmen, and Wil- 
liam Elder, Town Clerk. The following is recorded: 

Voted that the colleclorship be put up at vendue, which was accord- 
ingly done, and strucl< off to Benjamui Hilton, on condition th.-it he 
give five per cent, and secure bond. 

At that meeting no money was voted to be raised ; but 
at a meeting held April 7, 181 7, it \vas voted to raise two 
hundred dollars for the support of schools, and one hun- 
dred dollars for the necessary town expenses. 

March 31, 18 17, fifty votes were cast for Governor of 
Massachusetts, General Henry Dearborn receiving forty- 
two, and General John Brooks, already the incumbent, 
but eight. For Lieutenant-Governor, General William 
King had forty-two votes, and the Hon. William Phillips 
seven. William Moor received forty-six votes for Sena- 
tor, there being no opposition. 

For three years the annual town meetings were called 
in the name and by the authority of the Commonwealth 
of Massachusetts. 

When the question of separation of Maine was put to 
the vote of the people, the town of Corinna cast thirty- 
five votes in favor of the proposition. William Elder was 
elected a delegate to meet with the delegates from other 
towns, at the court-house in Portland, to frame a Consti- 
tution for the State of Maine. The action of the com- 
mittee being presented to the towns for approval, Co- 
rinna unanimously voted to accept the Constitution 
December 6, 181 9. 

April 3d, the following year, the Hon. William King, 
the first Governor of Maine, received all the votes cast, 
being forty-eight in number. AVilliam Elder was elected 
Representative to the Legislature. Becoming dissatis- 
fied with some of the county officers for the ensuing 
year, Abraham Bean, Thomas Brown, and Ebenezer 
Nutter were appointed a comniitlee to petition the Gov- 
ernor and Council to remove Benjamin Adams, Sheriff, 
and Warren Preston, Esq., Judge of Probate for Somer- 
set county. Whether or not their prayer was granted, 
does not appear from the record. 

THE STORY OF MILLS AND ROADS. 

In the meantime the mill built by the Irelands was 
rotting down. The Irelands left the mill privilege and 
purchased a home in the northern part of Newport. A 
few years afterwards, in 1825, William Moor, Esq., bought 
the Ireland mill site, spliced the posts of the old mill, 
and put in one run of stones for grinding grain. The 
mill was run one year without a bolt; but the following 
year a hand bolt was used. 

'Squire Moor built himself a house near his mill, on 
the east side of the stream, where now is the Corinna 
House. The material for building he purchased in New- 
port. He afterward built a public house west of the 



streain, about twenty rods from his mill. This old house 
remains at the present time as one of the ancient land- 
marks, and is familiarly known as the "Bee-hive." From 
that time to this day the settlement at this place has been 
known as Moor's Mills. 

Until the incorporation of the town no roads were 
regularly laid out. Each citizen bore his respective share 
of the burdens in opening highways. None were better 
than the logging roads in the swamps of to-day. After 
Corinna became a town it was necessary to build high- 
ways, and money was liberally raised for this purpose. 
The oldest settlers say that the first tree cut upon the 
town roads was a birch, and grew in the eastern part of 
the town under the hill on which lives David Palmer. 
In 1823, money being hard to get, the town voted to pay 
their local taxes in grain — wheat at six shillings a bushel, 
corn at four shillings, and rye at four shillings, to be paid 
into the town treasury by the loth of the following Feb- 
ruary. Imagine a tax collector starting from home with 
four horses and a lumber wagon to haul home the town 
tax ! For several years the taxes were paid in this way. 
At the rate of three and one-third per cent., the amount 
paid to the tax collector during these years, he must have 
worked hard all day collecting taxes, in order to obtain 
grain enough to feed his horses and himself over iiighL 

In 1823 it was "voted that warrants to notify town 
meetings shall be posted up in the school-house in the 
west part of the town, at the school-house near Seth 
Knowles's, and at Esq. Bean's;" also voted that the same 
be posted up by the person that will do it cheapest. The 
posting of warrants was accordingly struck off to Joseph 
Pease, who gave two cents for the privilege, and paid the | 
money in open town meeting. As the town meetings 
were held at private houses frequently in the warmer 
months, it was necessary to adjourn out of doors. 

In 1820 Joshua Cushman received twenty votes to 
represent the Sixth Eastern District of Maine in the 
Congress of the United States. 

THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION. 

Three liquor licenses were granted in the year of 1825, 
three in 1S26, and five in 1S27. 

The Rev. David Stewart, then a lay member of the 
Baptist church, delivered a temperance lecture in the au- 
tumn of 1S27, probably one of the first delivered in the 
State. The Rev. B. P. Winchester was present at this 
lecture, and ever after David Stewart and Benjamin Win- 
chester were the champions of the temperance cause. 

The following year only two licenses were granted by 
the town officials for selling intoxicating liquors. From 
the efforts of those engaged at that time sprang the 
germ of temperance organizations of the present. 

RECORD OF PROGRESS. 

At the time of th? settlement at Moor's Mills another 
was formed two miles to the eastward, at Morse's Cor- 
ner. William Hole was one of the early settlers. He 
was several times chosen for some of the minor town 
offices. A pleasant little village was formed in one of 
the pleasantest parts of the town. This, in fact, was con- 
sidered the chief place until the building of the railroad. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



297 



In 1837, Robert Moor, the son of William, built the 
first store at Moor's Mill. The goods to stock it were 
bought ■ in Boston, Robert having made the journey 
thither by stage. 

In 1842 the Town House was built, and in 187 1 the 
town built a hearse-house on the southeast corner of its 
lot and purchased a hearse. 

To this day the town has been foremost in all good 
enterprises. It was fifth in the county in respect to the 
amount of money raised for the expenses of the war. 
Many brave soldier-citizens here left their homes to fall 
and fertilize the Southern plains. 

Unfortunate in 1879 in the collection of its debts, 
Corinna lost considerable money through the default of 
its Collector. 

In 1840 the town reached its maximum number of in- 
habitants, containing then one thousand seven hundred 
and four. By the census of 1880 there were one thou- 
sand five hundred and three, making a loss of only ten 
during the last decade. 

The following is a succinct but partial view of the 
statistics of population, voters, and wealth in this town : 
Population in 1830, 1,077; 1840, 1,704; 1850, 1,550; 
i860, 1,597; 1870, 1,513; 1880, 1,503. Polls in i860, 
374; 1870,443; 1880,380. Estates these years, $233,- 
711, $391,711, and $421,649. 

The rest of the history of this town is the history of its 
citizens and its enterprises, which are best described 
each under its proper title. 

In the meantime Corinna has been made a part of 
Penobscot county, by act of the Maine Legislature dated 
February 10, 1833, which will be found in the Appendi.x. 

SCHOOLS. 

Since schools lie at the foundation of all good govern- 
ment and are among the first considerations of the intel- 
ligent settler, we will treat this subject first of the more 
detailed matters. Before school districts were organized 
the mothers and fathers taught their children what they 
themselves knew. After a few families had settled in 
town, their children were accustomed to collect at Seth 
Knowles's and the Rev. B. P. Winchester's homes to 
learn proficiently in "the three R's." Elder Winchester 
was especially interested in the education of the young, 
and was much beloved by his pupils. As the number of 
inhabitants increased, school-houses became necessary. 
Accordingly, the first one was built about fifty rods east 
of Mr. Knowles's. It was a sample of the most primi- 
tive kind then built. In one end was a fire-place, while 
on either side of the aisle ranged the long board seats, 
the terror of the smaller pupils and the field of artistic 
execution for the boy having inventive brains and a jack- 
knife. 

It was the custom for the scholars to cut their own 
wood, and the master's time was divided between the use 
of the ferule and trying to persuade green rock-maple to 
burn. The large open fire-place occupied nearly the 
entire end of the house, and on its broad hearth, up the 
spacious chimney, roared the fire. Entire logs, two and 
three feet in diameter, were rolled in and burned with- 
out splitting. 
38 



In the western part of the town was built another 
school-house, for the accommodation of the students in 
that section. It was erected on the same general princi- 
ples as that in the eastern part. 

The books used by the pupils of that day consisted of 
a Webster's spelling book and a Pike's or Daboll's arith- 
metic. The schools were in session only a few weeks 
during the year, and the boys and girls were obliged to 
travel long distances over poor roads filled with snow to 
obtain the little education that could be then had from 
the common school. Yet there were many who, improv- 
ing the opportunities that they did have, obtained a very 
fair education. 

The next school-house was built at Moor's Mill, and is 
now occupied by Samuel Fowles as a blacksmith-shop. 
This school-house was in early days the scene of the 
rough side of school life. That teacher who did not 
answer the ideas of the school as a good fellow, was car- 
ried from the school-house by the larger scholars and left 
upon a snow bank to cool his anger. One teacher, by 
the name of Christopher Page, seemed to inspire the big 
boys with something of fear, if not of reverence, and 
taught many successful terms in Corinna and vicinity. 

As the town developed from year to year, and other 
districts became necessary, other schoohhouses were 
built, until at present there are within the town seven- 
teen districts and parts of districts, with fourteen school- 
houses. 

At a special meeting held in April, 181 7, two hundred 
dollars were raised to be expended in schools, but no 
School Board was elected. The following year a com- 
mittee of seventeen was chosen, to supervise the schools 
and superintend the expe'nditure of the money. No 
regular Superintending School Committee was elected 
till 1822; but a Board of School Agents, varying from 
six to eighteen, was chosen who filled the double office 
of Committee and Agent. The amount of money appro- 
priated was two hundred dollars per annum, until in 
1822 it was changed to three hundred, and kept at that 
amount for several years. In 182 1 the local and school 
taxes being paid in grain, the teachers were required to 
take their pay in the popular currency of the town. 

No money was even raised for a free high school, and 
until 1875 no district record was kept by the Superin- 
tending School Committee. 

Among the prominent teachers of the common schools 
in the past were Robert Knowles, a native of the town 
and one of its prominent citizens; Levi Lucas, of Saint 
Albans, a master in every sense of the word, who ruled 
as with a rod of iron; and Christopher Page, familiarly 
known as "Chris," who probably taught more "hard 
scholars" in Penobscot county than any other teacher. 

In the summer of 1881 a graded course of study was 
introduced into the primary and grammar schools at 
Corinna village (Moor's Mills). No pupils have yet 
been graduated from the school. 

At the annual town meeting of 1881 the town voted to 
purchase text-books for the use of scholars ; but at a 
special meeting called soon afterwards it was voted to 
rescind that vote. 



298 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



COUINNA UNION ACADEMY. 

In 1850 Dr. Jacob Elliott, a prominent citizen, pro- 
posed to build an academy for the higher education of 
the young men and women of the vicinity. Through his 
strenuous exertions and the liberality of the citizens, an 
amount of money then thought sufficient to erect the 
building was raised. In addition to this, in order that 
the school might be endowed, notes were given by indi- 
viduals, of which only the interest, it was understood, 
should be paid at the end of each year, to be applied to 
the running expenses of the school. The site selected 
for the school was in the western part of the village, upon 
an elevation overlooking the town. The building com- 
mittee, desiring to construct a permanent building, ex- 
pended the money raised for that purpose before they 
had completed it. To finish the academy it was neces- 
sary to call in the fund-notes. This was done, and the 
structure was ready for occupancy in 1851. 

Elliott Walker and wife were the first teachers of the 
academy, and at once established the school in public 
favor. After having charge of the school for several years, \ 
he removed to Newport, in this county, to enter upon ! 
the practice of law. 

The Hon. Llewellyn Powers succeeded Mr. Walker as 
Principal of the Academy. Mr. Powers was a very suc- 
cessful teacher, and was liked both by citizens and 
scholars. Mr. Powers carried into his school work that 
same energy which characterized him as a lawyer, and his 
school was always well attended. 

Professor Sawyer was principal for a longer time than 
any other teacher. Under his management the school 
was well attended. He was^especially well versed in 
mathematics and grammar. 

Professor D. H. Sherman was very successful, and he 
obtained a large attendance at the academy. While 
teaching he purchased a telescope for the use of the 
school, and in the small hours of the night, when the 
planets were in conjunction, the Professor's horn could be 
heard calling out his astronomy class to witness the move- 
ments of the heavenly bodies. This aroused the anger 
of the citizens, and many were the imprecations pro- 
nounced against him. 

Isaac R. Worth, of East Corinth, succeeded Professor 
Sherman, and was beloved by his students. He was 
obliged to close his second term in the eighth week on 
account of failing health, and soon after died, mourned 
by a large circle of friends. 

Among other teachers have been the Rev. Charles E. 
Young, a Baptist clergyman ; H. E. Trefetheran, E. D. 
Pratt, a Mr. Smith, and Wyman B. Piper, the present 
principal. Mr. Smith retired one night in his usual 
health, and was found dead in his bed the following 
morning. 

The Academy was formally incorporated on the 4th of 
June, 1857. Through the efforts of John Benson, M. D., 
of Newport, who represented Newport and Corinna in 
the State Legislature, the academy received a grant of a 
quarter of a township of land, lying in the northern part 
of the State. Three other academies received severally a 
grant of the other three-quarters. Agents were chosen 



I 



by the trustees of each school to sell the township 
Volney Sprague, Esq., was selected to look after the in- 
terests of Corinna Academy, and sold the quarter-town- 
ship for $1,600. The proceeds were at first invested in 
United States bonds, which were afterwards exchanged 
at a premium for State of Maine bonds below par. By 
this means the fund was increased to $2,142. No part 
of the principal is allowed to be expended in repairs or 
for the use of the school. 

During the summer of 1879 three courses of study — 
college preparatory, classical, and scientific — were pre- 
pared by Mr. Piper, the present principal, and adopted 
by the trustees. Each course covers four years of three. Jb 
terms, each ten weeks long. "' 

In June, 1881, the thirtieth anniversary of the school, 
two students were graduated, one each from the classical 
and the college preparatory courses. During that sum- 
mer Dr. Jacob Elliott, who in the meantime had re- 
moved to California, offered the trustees a gift of $1,000, j 
provided the citizens would raise $1,900 before the loth tB 
of August. Failing in this, the school did not receive the 
offered donation. 

CHURCHES. 

The first religious meetings in Corinna were held under 
the auspices of the Free Baptists, by Rev. John Palmer 
in the barn erected by Samuel Lancey. They were after- 
wards held in the school-house erected in town, until the 
year 1 85 1. Then Mr. Benjamin C. Moor liberally gave a 
building lot for a church, a few rods from the shore of 
the pond on the east side; and the citizens raised the 
money to erect a building thereon. The conditions of 
the gift of the land were that when it ceased to be oc- 
cupied as a church lot, then it should revert to the former 
owner. The house was dedicated as a "Union " church, 
and is owned and occupied by Methodists, Baptists, 
Christians, and Adventisfts. Each pew-holder has a vote 
in the annual meeting of the owners in deciding which 
denomination shall have the use of the church for the* 
Sabbath that his pew claims. There being fifty-two pews 
in the church, each one of them has the right to use the 
house one Sabbath in each year. Since the railroad was 
built through the town, the church is conveniently near 
the depot for week-day meetings. 

Soon after the completion of the church at Corinna 
village, the citizens of Morse's Corner, two miles east 
of the village, desiring to construct a more substantial 
house than the one already built, contracted to have one 
put up and to be finished in hard wood. After its com- 
pletion they purchased a bell, which, with that in the 
Academy building, are the only bells in public struc- 
tures in the town. 

The Free Baptist church was first organized in School 
District No. i, in the southeastern part of the town. 
This church removed to Morse's Corner after that house 
was built. This Free Baptist society by and by went 
out of existence, but was re-organized under the efforts of 
the Rev. Jason Mariner, and now has a membership of 
over forty. The Free Baptists have never had an organ- 
ization at the village church. 

In September, 1822, the Rev. Isaac Case organized 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



299 



the First Baptist Church, of ten members, in the town, 
the text at that time being from Hebrews xiii. 5 : "Let 
brotherly love continue." During the infancy of the 
church there was no ordained pastor, but Cushman Bas- 
sett, a prominent man in the town, occupied the pulpit 
as lay preacher. After him, Moses Martin, from China, 
preached for the denomination. The Rev. B. P. Win- 
chester, who was a prominent citizen, occupied the Bap- 
tist pulpit for more than thirty-five years, after the re- 
moval of Rev. Mr. Martin. Since the death of Elder 
Winchester, the Rev. Messrs. David Stewart and William 
E. Noyes have been the pastors. In 1872 the church 
celebrated its semi-centennial, at which its history was 
briefly related by Rev. Charles E. Young, formerly a 
member. At present there are twenty active members, 
who support preaching one-fourth of the time at Corinna 
village and the school-house at the Centre. Among the 
most prominent members Of the church during its his- 
tory have been Rev. B. P. Winchester, Rev. David 
Stewart, Cushman Bassett, and Mr. and Mrs. Alvin 
Young. As one of the oldest members remarks, "our 
church has been a constant light, never going out nor 
dazzling by its brilliancy." 

The Rev. J. S. Johnson, of New Hampshire, and Rev. 
Zebulon Manter, of Newport, organized the Christian 
church, April 20, 1867, with a membership of twenty- 
one. This was increased to thirty-three the following 
day. This church occupies the house at Corinna village 
one-fourth of the time. It has had in all seventy-seven 
communicants, of whom five have been dropped, ten 
have been discharged by death, four by letter, and fifty- 
eight remain on the church books. Rev. Joshua T. 
House was pastor of the church from the year 1867 
to 1874. 

During the year 1875 Rev. Samuel Bickford occupied 
the pulpit. From 1876 until the present time Rev. J. T. 
House has been the regular pastor. In connection with 
this church a ladies' sewing society has been formed, to 
raise money for church purposes. The report of the 
treasurer gives one hundred and forty dollars as the 
amount of funds in her hands at this writing. They 
have already purchased blinds for the church at the vil- 
lage, and have furnished the pulpit. 

The Second Advent church consists of two branches, 
and has no regular pastor engaged. Elder Campher re- 
sides in Corinna, and preaches occasionally. 

The Methodist Episcopal circuit of which Corinna 
formed a part included the section extending from Exeter 
on the east to Harmony on the west, and included those 
towns. David and Richard Knowles were the only mem- 
bers from "Warren township, No. 4," and attended 
church in Exeter. They belonged to a preachers' aid 
society known as the "Sheep Concern." Each one that 
joined this society was obliged to set apart a sheep, the 
proceeds of which were to be paid to the support of the 
preacher. From that time the Methodist church has 
had communicants from Corinna. After the church was 
built at Corinna village, the Methodists occupied the 
house one-fourth of the time, and are in the circuit with 
Exeter, at which place is the parsonage. One of the 



first missionaries to Africa went from the 'Exeter circuit, 
and died in Africa — a Rev. Mr. Cox. 

P.\RI.\N LODGE, NO. l6o, F. AND A. M. 

Several Masonic brethren, who resided in Corinna, 
long desired to have a lodge of their own, and in 1870 
petitioned the Grand Lodge of Maine that they would 
establish one for them. For some time Meridian 
Splendor Lodge in Newport opposed its institution, and 
alter their objections were answered Dexter Lodge 
claimed jurisdiction. The Grand Lodge compelled 
the Corinna Masons to work two years under a dis- 
pensation. It being shown that the jurisdiction was 
in Meridian Splendor Lodge, Fisher Lodge No. 160, 
Free and Accepted Masons, was instituted with the usual 
rites and ceremonies. Winkworth S. Allen, who had 
formerly been Master of Dexter Lodge, was the first 
Master of Fisher Lodge. After him as Masters were 
Robert Knowles, Charles A. Dorman, Clement C. Libby, 
and A. J. Knowles, the present Master. The Lodge de- 
rived its name from Paul M. Fisher, M. D., a prominent 
man and earnest Mason. In 1876 the name was 
changed from Fisher to Parian; and in 1881 it numbered 
seventy-three members in good standing. 

TEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS. 

Rev. David Stewart, in the autumn of 1827, de- 
livered the first temperance lecture in the town, prob- 
ably the first in the county, and organized a temperance 
organization of thirty-six members, of which a Mr. Payne 
was president. Another society was organized in the 
northeast part of the town in School District No. 3, con- 
sisting of forty members. Their meetings were open for 
all to enter, and were free for the discussion of the tem- 
perance question. The Sons of Temperance formed a 
society at Morse's Corner, which organization was moved 
to Moor's Mills. 

In July, 1874, the Good Templars organized a society, 
which increased in 1879 to '^^'o hundred and eleven 
members. This society first met in Butler's, then Fow- 
les's, and lastly in Temperance Hall. 

In the winter of 1879 Deputy Commander John 
Young, M. D., came from Massachusetts and instituted 
a Commandery of the United Order of the Golden 
Cross. This society continued its organization during 
the winter, but in the spring, on account of the dissatis- 
faction of its members, it adjourned sine die. 

BUSINESS PLACE.S. 

By far the best business buildings in Corinna village are 
Eagle Block and the grist-mill attached. Eben Roberts 
bought the old grist-mill of Robert. Moor, and afterwards 
sold to E. P. Burrill and William A. Ireland. After the 
purchase of the mill property by Messrs. Burrill and Ire- 
land they erected a substantial brick mill and constructed 
a granite dam, on the condition that the town wou4d 
exempt them from taxation for ten years. Soon after 
the completion of the mill the town concluded to repudi- 
ate its promise, and consequently taxed the mill. In 
1877 Burrill & Ireland concluded to make an e.xten- 
sion of their mill, and erected Eagle Block. This build- 
ing is of brick with three stories and a basement, and 



300 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



contains a shoe store, a variety store, a lawyer's office, a 
doctor's office, a jewelry manufactory, a temperance hall, 
a market, a grain elevator, and three grain bins capable of 
holding ten thousand bushels. The grist-mill attached 
contains five sets of stones, and is used for grinding all 
kinds of grain. 

The next buildings that would attract the attention of 
the traveler are the Woolen Mill and Iron Foundry. 
The former is a wooden structure, three stories and a 
basement in height. It was built by Messrs. J. & C. 
A. Dorman. The Dormans came to Corinna, purchased 
the site lor the mill about one-third of a mile south of 
the village, and commenced the erection of the mill. In 
187s, at a special town meeting, the town voted to lend 
this firm $5,000 at six per cent, interest, and to take as 
security a first mortgage on the mill and privilege. The 
following year the Dormans attempted to obtain another 
loan of two thousand dollars, but the town voted to pass 
the article. Upon this failure twenty citizens loaned one 
hundred dollars each, and took a second mortgage of the 
privilege on the west end of the dam, and a first mort- 
gage on the custom wool-carding machinery. The Dor- 
mans failed to fulfil the contract of their mortgage, the 
town foreclosed its claim, and by a decision of the court 
came into possession of the mill. The twenty persons 
holding the other mortgage, obtained the wool-cards. 
The town, after the foreclosure of its mortgage, rented 
the factory to Charles Greenwood for three years. At 
the expiration of this time Mr. Greenwood purchased the 
mill, paying for it five thousand five hundred dollars. 
The factory is a " two-set " mill, for the manufacture of 
repellant, and employs about thirty hands. 

In the fall of 1879 the carriage shop, owned and oc- 
cupied by Lewis Hutchins, was burned, and in its place 
was erected another more commodious building. This 
was intended as a carriage shop; but Mr. Hutchins, form- 
ing a partnership with J. P. Nelson & Son and George 
W. Nutter, another building was erected for a foundry 
and the first one used for a finishing room. The Messrs. 
Nelson and Mr. Hutchins sold their interest in the busi- 
ness to G. W. Nutter, who conducts it at present, mak- 
ing all kinds of castings. 

The next prominent building in town is the 
hardware store owned by J. P. Nelson & Son and 
occupied by J. H. Steward, a hardware merchant 
and American Express agent. There are two post- 
offices in the town, one at Corinna Village, the 
other at Corinna Center. Mr. E. P. Burrill is Post- 
master at the former, Mr. W. S. Allen at the latter. 

Three-quarters of a mile south of Moor's Mill, on 
Alder Stream, is a saw-mill for the manufacture of long 
lumber, a shingle-mill, and a steam-pump factory. 
Around these industries nestles a quiet little village. 
West of this village, and near the horseback, is a brick- 
yard belonging to Mr. S. S. Burrill. In the northern 
part of the town, on the Dexter Stream, is a mill owned 
by John Moody and built by him for the manufacture of 
lumber and shingles. South of his mill and on the same 
stream, is Richard Lincoln's shingle mill. At the latter 
place several dwellings have been erected and a railway 



switch graded for the accommodation of shipping lum- 
ber. At Morse's Corner E. W. Holt has furnished a 
machine shop and manufactures Holt's "tire upsetter," 
for shortening tires without cutting. 

Besides the above named places of business there are 
several grocery and variety stores, two apothecaries, and 
a hotel. 

THE DEXTER AND NEWPORT RAILROAD. 

Wlien the question of the Newport & Dexter Rail- 
road was agitated the inhabitants of Corinna at once 
took a prominent part in the encouragement of its con- 
struction. The town promptly voted to lendjts credit 
in aid of the construction and completion of the Dexter 
& Newport Railroad, to the extent of fifty thousand dol- 
lars on the terms and conditions mentioned in an act of 
the Legislature approved January 25, 1867. Several 
citizens agreed to raise the money for its survey. After 
its completion Robert Knowles was appointed Station 
Agent, and filled that office acceptably until the con- 
struction of the Western Union telegraph line from'_New- 
port to Dexter. Then Thomas F. Hegarty, the present 
agent, w-as appointed. Two trains daily each way pass 
over the road and connect at Newport with the Eastern 
and Western trains of the Maine Central'Railroad. 

The principal products shipped over this road are hay, 
potatoes, grains, eggs, apples, and meat. Several cattle- 
buyers make Corinna their headquarters, and ship meat 
to the Brighton and Boston markets. Frequently ten 
tons of carcasses alone are sent at one time. Ship-tim- 
ber is also loaded at this point fronfi the surrounding 
towns, to be sent to Belfast and neighboring ports. 

THE CORINNA HERALD. 

March 27, 1876, Mr. Fred J. Whiting issued the first 
number of the Weekly Herald, a four-column folio de- 
voted to local interests. The following year Mr. Whiting 
moved his office from the small building on Dexter 
street to Eagle Block, formed a partnership with A. 
Phinney, and enlarged his paper to a six-column folio, 
changing the name to Corinna Herald. In August, 
1881, the paper was removed to Pittsfield, Somenset 
county, and the old name of Weekly Herald restored. 

THE CORINNA SOCIAL LIBRARY 

was incorporated September 3, 1849, and had a moder- 
ately successful career. 

The Corinna Circulating Library is now in existence, 
and is kept at the village. ^Mr. E. Folsom is Librarian. 

THE CIVIL LIST OF CORINNA. 

The following is'a'list of the town officers since the 
incorporation of Corinna: 

1 81 7— William Elder, Joseph Pease, Constant South 
ard, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Ebenezei 
Nutter, treasurer; Benjamin Hilton, constable; no schoo 
board. 

1818— William Elder, Abraham Bean, Ebenezer Nut 
ter, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Benjamin P 
Winchester, treasurer; John Couliard, constable; ; 
school board of seventeen. 

18 19— William Elder, Ebenezer Nutter, Benjamin P 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



301 



Winchester, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; 
Joseph Pease, treasurer; Seth Knowles, constable; a 
school board of six. 

1820 — Ebenezer Nutter, Benjamin P. W'inchester, 
Abraham Bean, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; 
Joseph Pease, treasurer; Seth Knowles, constable; a 
school board of eighteen. 

182 1 — Ebenezer Nutter, Abraham Bean, Jonathan 
Knowles, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Joseph 
Pease, treasurer; Seth Knowles, constable; a school 
board of six. 

1822 — Abraham Bean, William Elder, Benjamin P. 
Winchester, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; 
Joseph Pease, treasurer; Ebenezer Nutter, constable; 
Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, Joseph Turner, regu- 
lar school committee. 

1823 — Benjamin P. Winchester, Abraham Bean, Eben- 
ezer Nutter, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town 
clerk; Joseph Pease, treasurer; James Smith, Jr., con-, 
stable; Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, Joseph Turner, 
superintending school committee. 

1824 — Benjamin P. Winchester, Abraham Bean, 
Ebenezer Nutter, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, 
town clerk; Joseph Pease, treasurer; Seth Knowles, con- 
stable; Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, Joseph Turner, 
superintending school committee. 

1825 — Benjamin P. W'inchester, John Hubbard, 
Joseph Turner, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, 
town clerk : Joseph Turner, treasurer; James Smith, Jr., 
constable; Abram Seaver, John Hubbard, Esq., superin- 
tending school committee. 

1S26 — Thomas Brown, Ebenezer Nutter, Cushman 
Bassett, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; 
Philip Morse, treasurer ; David Jones, constable; Abram 
Seaver, Paul M. Fisher, Thomas Brown, superintending 
school committee. 

1827 — Thomas Brown, Joseph Turner, David Steward, 
selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; John 
Hubbard, treasurer; David Jones, constable; Thomas 
Brown, Joseph Turner, Abram Seaver, superintending 
school committee. 

1828 — Benjamin P. Winchester, Thomas Brown, 
Abraham Bean, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, 
town clerk; Philip Morse, treasurer; David Jones, con- 
stable; Thomas Brown, Paul M. Fisher, Thomas Davis, 
superintending school committee. 

1829 — .A-braham Bean, John Hubbard, Benjamin P. 
Winchester, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town 
clerk; Philip Morse, treasurer; Colonel Jason Labree, 
Paul M. Fisher, constables; Paul M. Fisher, Thomas 
Brown, John Hubbard, superintending school committee. 

1830— Thomas Brown, Paul M. Fisher, Abram Seaver, 
selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; John 
Hubbard, treasurer; Simon Young, constable; Paul M. 
Fisher, Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, superintending 
school committee. 

1 83 1 — Paul M. Fisher, James Labree, John Briggs, 
selectmen ; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk; John Hubbard, 
treasurer; Peter Hynds, constable; John Hubbard, 



Luther Harmon, Joseph Prescott, superintending school 
committee. 

1832 — Paul M. Fisher, Joseph Prescott, Cushman 
Bassett, selectmen ; Paul M. Fislier, town clerk ; Philip 
Morse, treasurer ; Ebenezer Boyden, constable ; Joseph 
Prescott, Paul M. Fisher, John Hubbard, superintending 
school committee. 

1833 — Paul M. Fisher, Joseph Prescott, Cushman 
Bassett, selectmen ; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk ; Philip 
Morse, treasurer ; Simon Young, constable ; Joseph 
Prescott, Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, superintending 
school committee. 

1834 — Henry T. Knowles, Simon Young, Thomas 
Brown, selectmen ; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk ; Philip 
Morse, treasurer ; Simon Young, constable ; Paul M. 
Fisher, Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, superintending 
school committee. 

1835 — Henry T. Knowles, Thomas Brown, John 
Johnson, 2d, selectmen ; John Johnson, 2d, town clerk ; 
Philip Morse, treasurer; Simon Young, constable ; John 
Hubbard, Harrison G. O. Weston, Ebenezer Boyden, 
superintending school committee. 

1836 — Thomas Brown, Henry T. Knowles, John 
Johnson, 2d, selectmen; Ebenezer Home, town clerk; 
John Lord, treasurer ; Jacob J. Demerit, Peter Hinds, 
Ebenezer Home, constables ; Ebenezer Boyden, Joseph 
Prescott, John Hubbard, superintending school com- 
mittee. 

1837 — Thomas Brown, Henry T. Knowles, John 
Johnson, 2d, selectmen ; Robert Moor, town clerk ; John 
Lord, treasurer ; Isaac Allen, constable ; Lemuel Smith, 
Joseph Prescott, Robert Moor, superintending school 
committee. 

1838 — Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, Silas Knowles, 
selectmen ; Robert Moor, town clerk ; John Johnson, 
2d, treasurer ; Jacob S. Elliott, Ephraim Currier, Isaac 
Allen, constables; Paul M. Fisher, Ezra C. Kilgore, 
Robert Moor, superintending school committee. 

1839 — Henry T. Knowles, John Lord, David Jones, 
selectmen ; Robert Moor, town clerk ; John Johnson, 
2d, treasurer ; Ebenezer Home, constable ; Lemuel 
Smith, Joseph Prescott, Paul M. Fisher, superintending 
school committee. 

1840 — Thomas Brown, Jacob S. Elliott, Luther Har- 
mon, selectmen ; Benjamin P. ^Vinchester, town clerk ; 
John Johnson, 2d, treasurer ; Ephrami Currier, Enoch 
Bunker, constables ; Robert Moor, David Steward, Paul 
AL Fisher, superintending school committee. 

1841— Jacob S. Elliott, David Steward, S. T. Rackliff, 
selectmen ; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk ; Paul 
M. Fisher, treasurer ; Campbell Bachelder, constable ; 
David Steward, Robert Moor, Harrison G. O. Weston, 
superintending school committee. 

1842 — Paul M. Fisher, James Hawes, Harrison G. O. 
Weston, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; 
Paul M. Fisher, treasurer; Robert Knowles, Campbell 
Bachelder, Isaac Allen, Gorham Southard, constables; 
David Steward, Albert Moor, Harrison G. O. Weston, 
superintending school committee. 



302 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1843 — Paul M. Fisher, James Hawes, Harrison G. O. 
Weston, selectmen ; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; 
John Hubbard, treasurer; Robert Knowles, Campbell 
Bachelder, Isaac Allen, Gorham Southard, constables; 
Thomas Moulton, Rev. David Foss, Robert Moor, su- 
perintending school committee. 

1844 — Paul M. Fisher, Campbell Bachelder, Enoch 
Bunker, Jr , selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town 
clerk; David Steward, treasurer; Winkworth S. Allen, 
constable; Robert Knowles, Joseph Prescott, Robert 
Moor, superintending school committee. 

1845 — Horace Wentworth, Abner Seaver, Jacob S. 
Elliott, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; 
Robert Moor, treasurer ; W'inkworth S. Allen, Samuel 
Miles, constables; David Steward, Robert Knowles, Paul 
M. Fisher, superintending school committee. 

1846 — Horace Wentworth, Abner Seaver, David 
Jones, selectmen ; Robert Knowles, town clerk; Robert 
Moor, treasurer ; Samuel Miles, constable ; Robert Moor, 
Robert Knowles, Paul M. Fisher, superintending school 
committee. 

1S47 — Horace Wentworth, David Jones, John Hutch- 
inson, selectmen; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; Robert 
Moor, treasurer; Samuel Miles, constable; Stephen C. 
Elliott, Harrison G. O. Weston, Paul M. Fisher, superin- 
tending school committee. 

1848 — David Jones, Abner Seaver, Hiram Hurd, Jr., 
selectmen; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; Robert 
Moor, treasurer ; Samuel Miles, constable ; John S. 
Pratt, Paul M. Fisher, Harrison G. O. Weston, superin- 
tending school committee. 

1849 — David Jones, Horace Wentworth, Hiram Hurd, 
Jr., selectmen; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; Thomas 
Brown, treasurer; Samuel Miles, constable; Paul M. 
Fisher, Eben D. Roberts, James Elliott, superintending 
school committee. 

1850 — Horace Wentworth, Enoch Bunker, Robert 
Knowles, selectmen; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; 
Thomas Brown, treasurer; David Jones, Azro Mills, con- 
stables; Nathan D. Brooks, Paul M. Fisher, Nathan Joy 
Robinson, superintending school committee. 

1 85 1 — Horace Wentworth, Enoch Bunker, David 
Jones, selectmen ; Horace Wentworth, town clerk ; 
Thomas Brown, treasurer; James P. Copeland, Paul M. 
Fisher, Oliver Brooks, Benjamin Burrill, James Hawes, 
Alfred Daniels, constables; Nathan J. Robinson, Paul M. 
Fisher, Joseph Prescott, superintending school com- 
mittee. 

1852 — Horace Wentworth, Enoch Bunker, Jacob S. 
Elliott, selectmen ; Nathan J. Robinson, town clerk ; 
Thomas Brown, treasurer; Oliver Brooks, Benjamin 
Burrill, constables; Weston P. Nutter, Joseph Prescott, 
Elliott Walker, superintending school committee. 

1853 — David Jones, Simeon Adams, Stephen Phinney, 
selectmen; Nathan J. Robinson, town clerk; Paul M. 
Fisher, treasurer ; Edward H. Osborne, Joel Young, con- 
stables; Joseph Prescott, Elliott Walker, Volney Sprague, 
superintending school committee. 

1854 — David Jones, Simeon Adams, Stephen Phinney, j 
selectmen; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk; James Hawes, 



treasurer; James Hawes, Joel Young, Charles Church, 
constables; Horatio Southard, Volney Sprague, Elam P. 
Burrill, superintending school committee. 

1855 — James Hawes, Simeon Adams, David Steward, 
selectmen; Nathan J. Robinson, town clerk; James 
Hawes, treasurer; Joel Young, constable; Volney 
Sprague, Elam P. Burrill, David Steward, superintend- 
ing school committee. 

1856 — David Jones, Stephen Phinney, Eben D. 
Roberts, selectmen; Silas S. Morse, town clerk; PaulM. 
Fisher, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; Elam 
P. Burrill, David Steward, Robert Knowles, superintend- 
ing school committee. 

1857 — Campbell Bachelder, Enoch Bunker, Robert 
Knowles, selectmen; Francis A. Fisher, town clerk; Paul 
M. Fisher, treasurer ; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; 
Elam P. Burrill, school supervisor. 

1858 — Joseph Cook, Robert Knowles, Elam P. Bur- 
ril, selectmen ; Jacob Bemis, town clerk; Seth Morse, 
treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; Robert 
Knowles, school supervisor. 

1859 — Joseph Cook, Robert Knowles, Elam P. Bur 
ril, selectmen; James Hutchins, town clerk; Isaiah Lin- 
coln, treasurer; Sanford Stevens, constable; G. W. Martin, 
Joel Pease, Robert Knowles, superintending school com- 
mittee. 

i860 — Winkworth S. Allen, Samuel Copp, Eben D. 
Roberts, selectmen; Francis A. Fisher, town clerk; Paul 
M. Fisher, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; 
Joel Pease, Robert Knowles, Samuel W. Mathews, su- 
perintending school committee. 

1 86 1 — Winkworth S. Allen, Samuel Cop|5, J. R. 
Mower, selectmen; Francis A. Fisher, town clerk; Paul 
M. Fisher, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; 
Samuel W. Mathews, Francis A. Fisher, Joel Pease, 
superintending school committee. 

1862 — J. C. Chandler, Samuel Copp, Winkworth S. 
Allen, selectmen; Mark F. Hamilton, town clerk; Elam 
P. Burrill, treasurer; Eben D. Roberts, constable; George 
H. Day, school supervisor. 

1863 — Winkworth S. Allen, Elam P. Burrill, Robert 
Knowles, selectmen; Mark F. Hamilton, town clerk; 
Campbell Bachelder, treasurer; Mark F. Hamilton, con- 
stable; George H. Day, Robert Knowles, Elam P. Bur- 
rill, superintending school committee. 

1864 — Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Emery 
Southard, selectmen; Gipson C. Patten, town clerk; Silas 
S. Morse, treasurer; Silas S. Morse, constable ; Robert 
Knowles, Elam P. Burrill, Gipson C. Patten, superin- 
tending school committee. 

1865 — Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Emery 
Southard, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk, Silas S. 
Morse, treasurer; Silas S. Morse, constable; J. H. Saw- 
yer, D. Calvin Lyford, M. Palmer, superintending 
school committee. 

1866 — Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Charles 
Labree, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; Daniel W. 
Osgood, treasurer; Oliver Brooks, constable; D. Calvin 
Lyford, M. Palmer, John D. Young, superintending 
school committee. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



303 



1867 — Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Wink- 
worth S. Allen, selectmen ; Seth Morse, town clerk ; E. 
P. Burrill, treasurer; Oliver Brooks, constable; J. H. 
Sawyer, E. \V. Truworthy, superintending school com- 
mittee. 

1868 — Winkworth S. Allen, Elam P. Burrill, Colum- 
bus C. Knowles, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; 
Elam P. Burrifl, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, Emery 
Southard, constables; E. W. Truworthy, David Steward 
superintending school committee. 

1869— Winkworth S. Allen, William W. Nutter, Emery 
Southard, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; William 
W. Nutter, treasurer ; David Stew^ard, Gustavus B. Frost, 
constables; David Steward, E. W. Truworthy, superin- 
tending school committee. 

1870 — Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Emery 
Southard, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; William 
W. Nutter, treasurer; Oliver Brooks, constable; A. H. 
Richardson, M. D., supervisor of schools. 

1 87 1— Winkworth S. Allen, Jonathan S. Burrill, Co- 
lumbus C. Knowles, selectmen ; Seth Morse, town clerk; 
Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, con- 
stable; A. H. Richardson, M. D., George W. Nutter, 
Mrs. Sarah A. Atkins, superintending school committee. 
(May 4, 1871, Mrs. Lillias A. Leavitt was appointed to 
fill vacancy of Mrs. Sarah A. Atkins, October 23d 
William W. Nutter was appointed in place of George W. 
Nutter, resigned). 

1872 — Robert Knowles, Winkworth S. Allen, Isaiah 
H. Crowell, selectmen ; Seth Morse, town clerk ; Oliver 
Brooks, treasurer ; A. H. Richardson, I. W. Tibbitts, 
Charles E. Young, superintending school committee. 

1873— Winkworth S. Allen, Isaiah H. Crowell, Asa F. 
Crowell, selectmen ; Seth Morse, town clerk; Alden R. 
Ireland, treasurer; Warren J- Hall, constable ; J. Parker 
Curtis, A. H. Richardson, William W. Nutter, superin- 
tending school committee. 

1874 — Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, Isaiah 
H. Crowell, selectmen ; Fred E. Sprague, town clerk ; 
Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Alden R. Ireland, Emery 
Southard, Isaiah H. Crowell, David Palmer, Henry .'Vtkins, 
constables ; A. H. Richardson, William W. Nutter, J. 
Parker Curtis, superintending school committee. 

1875 — Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, Isaiah 
H. Crowell, selectmen ; Fred E. Sprague, town clerk ; 
Alden R. Ireland, treasurer ; Thomas R. Gardner, Asa 
L. Grant, A. Judson Richardson, Samuel Fowles, Henry 
Atkins, Isaiah H. Crowell, constables ; J. Parker Curtis, 
supervisor of schools. 

1876 — Charles H. Morse, A. Judson Richardson, 
Isaiah H. Crowell, selectmen ; Jonathan S. Burrill, town 
clerk; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Clement C. Libby, 
constable ; J. Parker Curtis, supervisor of schools. 

1877— Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, A. 
Judson Richardson, selectmen; Jonathans. Burrill, town 
clerk; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Clement C. Libby, 
constable; George W. Nutter, William I. Wood, J. 
Parker Curtis, superintending school committee. 

1878— Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, Ed- 
ward G. Higgins, selectmen ; Frank E. Knowles, town 



clerk; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Clement C. Libby, 
constable ; William I. Wood, J. Parker Curtis, Charles 
S. Philbrick, superintending school committee. 

1879 — Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, Ed- 
ward G. Higgins, selectmen ; Frank E. Knowles, town 
clerk; A. Judson Richardson, treasurer; Clement C. 
Libby, constable ; J. Parker Curtis, Charles S. Philbrick, 
Wyman B. Piper, superintending school committee. 

1880 — Robert Knowles, Edward G. Higgins, A. Jud- 
son Richardson, selectmen; Frank E. Knowles, town 
clerk ; Samuel Copp, treasurer ; Samuel Copp, constable; 
Charles S. Philbrick, Wyman B. Piper, Fred J. Whiting, 
superintending school committee. 

1881 — Edward G. Higgins, Jonathan .S. Burrill, N. 
Reed Packard, selectmen ; Frank E. Knowles, town 
clerk; Samuel Copp, treasurer ; Samuel Copp, constable; 
Wyman B. Piper, Fred J. Whiting, Albert R. Day, super- 
intending school committee. 

No State Senators have been elected from Corinna, 
and only one important county officer — Campbell Bach- 
elder, County Commissioner. 

The following named have been the Representatives 
in the lower branch of the Legislature: William Elder, 
Abram Bean, Luther Harmon, John Briggs, Henry T. 
Knowles, John Lord, Luke Mills, Frank G. Robinson, 
Campbell Bachelder, John Hutchinson, Nathan J. Rob- 
inson, Horace Wentworth, Enoch Bunker, Jr., Elam P. 
Burrill, W. W. Nutter, Mark F. Hamilton, Stephen Lin- 
coln, Geprge W. Nutter. 

Thomas R. Gardner, Isaiah H. Crowell, and Asa L. 
Grant, Deputy Sheriffs. 

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 

July 27, 1753, in Roxbury, Massachusetts, was born 
John Warren, brother of the hero of Bunker Hill. He 
manifested a great degree of intelligence while still quite 
young, for when only twenty years of age he began the 
practice of medicine in Salem, Massachusetts, having 
graduated at Harvard College two years previously. He, 
like his brother, was an earnest patriot, and threw his 
whole energy into the American cause. He participated 
in the battle of Lexington, with the regiment from Salem. 
He became very useful, however, not in wounding the 
well, but in healing the hurt and sick. For two years he 
followed the .\merican army, and had charge of the hos- 
pitals in and around Boston. He was the founder and 
first professor of the medical department in connection 
with Harvard University. When thirty years old he de- 
livered a series of Fourth of July orations in Boston. 
He introduced many innovations in the practice of sur- 
gery, and wrote several articles for publication. He pur- 
chased the townships of Corinna and Palmyra, now in 
this State, and appointed one Shepherd as his agent. Dr. 
Warren never visited his purchase, but left its adminis- 
tration to Shepherd, who lived in Bloomfield (later 
Skowhegan), Maine. He died .^pril 4, 181 5; and Henry, 
his son, came to Maine and built a house on Warren 
Hill, in Palmyra. He gave the names Corinna and Pal- 
myra to the towns out of respect for his two sisters. 
Henry was never married. He practiced law in Penob- 
scot and Somerset counties. It was thought that he 



304 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



loved the young wife of a Mr. Vance. Although he was 
well educated as a lawyer, the son of a wealthy father, 
and was given the two townships, yet he died in strait- 
ened circumstances, at the house of the widow Vance, in 
New York. 

The town has furnished no men specially prominent 
in the history of the State except D. D. Stewart, Esq., of 
St. Albans, one of Maine's ablest lawyers. Prominent in 
the history of the town are the Rev. Benjamin P. Win- 
chester, John Hubbard, Escj., the Rev. David Stewart, 
Winkworth S. Allen, Robert Knowles, Charles Morse, 
and others, who were true to their trust as American 
citizens. 

Rev. Benjamin P. Winchester was born in Jay, county 
of Oxford (now Franklin county), . Maine, January i8, 
1793, and died November 27, 1865. Before he was 
three years old his father died, and he was adopted by 
Captain Benjamin Palmer, of Fayette. He received a 
common school education, and came to Corinna in i8i6. 
After clearing a piece of land that he had purchased of 
Henry Warren, he built himself a frame house, and in 
the fall returned to Fayette to marry Miss Eliza Knowles. 
He brought his young wife to the home that he had 
made, and there they dwelt together, rearing a family of 
eight children. . Elder Winchester joined the Free-will 
Baptist Church organized by Rev. John Palmer, and re- 
mained in that connection until the other Baptist Church 
was organized by Rev. Isaac Case, in September, 1822. 
From 1828 until his death, with the exception of two 
years, he was pastor of that church. His pastorate ex- 
tended over a space of thirty-seven years, and was a 
bright spot in the history of the Corinna Baptist Church. 
Before schools had been regularly established by the 
township, he taught several winters for the benefit of the 
boys and girls in his vicinity. He was an earnest patriot, 
and labored hard for the Union cause, sending two sons 
to the South, one of whom, Oren, died in Raleigh, North 
Carolina. An earnest temperance man, he was one of 
the pioneer workers of the State. After the incorpo- 
ration of the township he held many important town 
offices, serving eight years as Selectman, fourteen years 
as Town Clerk, and one year as Treasurer. 

John Hubbard, Esq., was another of the men who 
came from Fayette to Corinna at the same time with B. 
P. Winchester. Like Elder Winchester, he took a prom- 
inent part in town affairs. He was also Justice of the 
Peace for Somerset county. He raised an honorable 
and respected family. 

The Rev. David Stewart came to Corinna in 1822. 
He was the first temperance lecturer in this region, and 
not only preached but practiced temperance. He was 
one of the first who gave a series of anti- slavery lectures 
here, and spoke on the stump with the Hon. Hannibal 
Hamlin. He raised a family of good citizens, two of whom 
have become somewhat prominent — Dinsmore D. Stew- 
art, of St. Albans, Maine, and Levi Stewart, of Illinois. 
He has held several important town offices. He is op- 
posed to the use of tobacco in all its forms, and is now 
a hale old gentleman of eighty-four summers. 

Winkworth S. Allen has held many offices in the gift 



of the town, has been a prominent Mason, a man of 
temperance in theory and practice, and has been fore- 
most in every good word and work. 

Robert Knowles was the son of Henry T. Knowles, a 
Revolutionary pensioner. It is reported that Henry 
Knowles was shot through the body by a British bullet, 
and that a silk handkerchief was drawn through the 
bullet-wound to cleanse it from foreign substances. 
Robert, his son, was one of the first Masonic Masters in 
the town, and has held the office of Superintending 
School Committeeman, Selectman, etc. He also served 
as the first station agent after the construction of the 
railroad. 

Charles H. Morse, although comparatively a young 
man when he died, had made for himself a place in the 
hearts of his fellow townsmen. Being deprived of his 
father when quite young, he was obliged to work his way 
in the world and make for himself a place. He was 
elected Selectman for several years, although a member 
of the weaker political party, which shows that he was 
considered a trusty man, even by political opponents. 

Professor W. B. Piper, the popular Principal of Corin- 
na Academy, was born m Monroe, Maine, December 14, 
1855. He is a grandson of Daniel Piper, who came to 
this county from New Hampshire in 1799, and settled in 
Newburg. Daniel Piper was born March 4, 1776, and 
was one of the early settlers of Newburg. He was in 
the battle of Hampden, being an Ensign under Captain 
Bickford. His wife was Annie F. Parsons, born April 
8, 1783, and died in October, 1865. She was a native 
of Parsonsfield, Maine. Their family consisted of eleven 
children, nine sons and two daughters, viz; Thomas 
Piper, deceased; Benjamin, who now lives in Dixmont; 
Elisha, living in Newburg; Hannah (Mrs. Bachelder), 
of Dixmont; Abigail, deceased; Enoch and Daniel, 
twins, the former of whom died in Newburg, Daniel now 
living in Parsonsfield; Simeon A., now living in Elizabeth 
City, New Jersey; Alpheus S., now of Corinna; John 
U. P., of Newburg; and David, who died at Fortress 
Monroe, Virginia. Mr. Piper was for many years one of 
the live men of his town, holding all of the prom- 
inent town offices at different times. He was a Free 
Baptist in religious belief; afterwards Christian. He 
died August 10, 1842. Alpheus F. Piper (father of W. 
B. Piper) was born in Newburg, Maine, October 28, 
1820. He married Catharine S. Perkins in 1843, by 
whom he had one child; both mother and child died 
when the child was quite young. Mr. Piper married for 
his second wife Susan H. Smith, and moved to Monroe, 
Maine, in 1834, Here he followed the business of mill- 
wright and farmer. Mr. Piper died February 28, 1881. 
By this marriage there were five children ; David, now 
living in Chelsea, Massachusetts; Wyman B.; Lizzie M. 
(Mrs. Patterson), of Swanville, Maine; Kingsbury B. 
and Lurilla M., both living in Swanville. Mr. Piper is 
now living in Corinna with his son W. B. Wyman B. 
Piper, the second son, after attending the common school 
until thirteen years of age, went to Dixmont and New- 
burg and attended the high school in each of those 
towns. When fifteen years of age he began to teach. 



y 




ys-;-: -- 



EUREKA MILLS, C. H. GREENWOOD, PROP'R, CORINNA, M.f. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



30s 



In his first school there were tliirty-three scholars, among 
them his' wife, Annie C. Russell. Mr. Piper, feeling the 
need of a more thorough preparation for teaching, as 
well as a desire to obtain a better education, entered the 
Maine Central Institute, at Pittsfield, and was graduated 
in 1876, and afterwards entered Bates College, in Lew- 
i.ston. In the spring of 187S he moved to Corinna, hav- 
ing been elected Principal of Corinna Academ\'. Here 
he has since resided. At the time Professor Piper be- 
came Principal of this .'Academy the total attendance was 
nineteen, which has increased under his management to 
one hundred and thirty the present year (18S1). He 
has had a large experience as teacher in the common 
schools, and has held the office of Superintending School 
Committeeman of Corinna for three years. Professor 
Piper is an active worker in the temperance cause and a 
prominent officer in the Good Templars Lodge. In 
1880 he was Captain of the Corinna Light Infantry. 
He married Annie C. Russell, of Etna, February 25, 
1877. She was born August 20, 1855. They have one 
daughter, Maud L., born June 7, 187S. The excellent 
history of Corinna in this work was prepared by Profes- 
sor Piper. 

Daniel Campbell was born in the town of Bowding 
ham, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1797; there he lived 
until about twenty years of age, when he moved to Wel- 
lington, Somerset county, then to Kingsbury, Piscataquis 
county, where he died May 5, 1845. His wife was Ruth 
Huff, who was born in Bowdingham in 1804. Her death 
occurred March 19, iSSi. Their ninth child, Isaiah, 
was born in Kingsbury, January 17, 1S39, and married 
Philinda Decker January 20, 1857. They have five chil- 
dren — Clarence, Arthur A\'., Ruth A., Ivory A., and Ro- 
land v., all of whom reside at home. Mis. Campbell 
was the daughter of Amos and Dollie (Goodwin) Decker. 
Both Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are members of the Free- 
will Baptist church. The other children of Daniel 
Campbell were: Aaron, Asa, William, Alpheus, Levi, 
Rufus, Daniel, John M., Charles and Mary Ann. 

E. G. Nichols is the son of James Nichols, of Durham, 
wJio died in 1863. James Nichols had twelve chil- 
dren, all of whom are now deceased except four. Their 
names were; Nathan, James, Samuel, Martha, Alfred, 
Susan, Hannah, E. G. (the subject of this sketch), Ben- 
jamin, Alice, Almerin, and one that died in infancy. 
E. G. Nichols was born November 9, 1818, in the town 
of Durham. He married Eula Hodgkins, who was 
horn May 12, 1826; she was the daughter of Joseph 
Hodgkins, of Minot. They settled first in the town of 
.Abbott, but afterwards moved to Dexter, where tliey 
lived two years, and then moved on the place where they 
now live in Corinna. They have six children now living, 
and have lost two. The names of the living are James 
N., born December 13, 1844; Harriet A., born Decem- 
ber 20, 1847; Clara, June 31, 1848; Melville S., March 
22, 1850; Franklin P., November 5, 1853; Elbridge G., 
March 12, 1855; Willard A., March 5, 1857; Lizzie L., 
October 13, i860. Mr. Nichols has a fine farm of 121 
acres. He never aspired to public life but preferred the 
quiet of hom.e and family. 



A. L. Grant was born in St. Albans in 1847, w-here he 
obtained a common school education. \Vhen twenty 
years of age, he came to Corinna and engaged in the 
lumber and stock business, in which he is now engaged. 
In 1S73 he purchased the Corinna House, of F. W. Hill, 
and in addition to his other business, now keeps hotel. 
He has held the office of Deputy Sheriff of Penobscot 
county three years, and Constable two years. In 1869, 
he married Mary F. Knowles, a native of Corinna, and 
has one child, Blanche M., who lives at home. 



CHARLES GREENWOOD. 

Charles Greenwood, proprietor of the Corinna Woolen 
Mill, is an Englishman by birth. In 1850 he landed at 
Castle Garden, New York, without money or friends. 
Although he did not possess either of these, he did pos- 
sess something which but few of the young men of this 
country at the present age fully appreciate the value of, 
viz : a good trade. He had a good understanding of the 
art of manufacturing woolen cloth. For some fifteen 
year's Mr. Greenwood worked in woolen mills in different 
parts of the country. Being a very careful man and 
steady in his habits, he usually held positions of trust 
and responsibility. In 1870 he resolved to commence 
business for himself, having by economy and diligence at 
that time saved a few hundred dollars, besides supporting 
a family of eleven children. His large* family now proved 
of great service to him, by working in the mill as soon as 
they became old enough. For one or two years he man- 
ufactured two thousand yards per month of very nice re- 
pellants, which found a ready market. This was all 
made by his own family. Although a loser in the great 
fire in Boston in 1873, he continued to prosper from the 
start, and now owns the Corinna Woolen Mill, unencum- 
bered, besides other [)roperty. This he has been able to 
do by strict attention to the details of the business, and 
by always making as good an article as can be found in 
the market. Mr. Greenwood's family are all yet with him 
in the mill except two daughters, who are married and 
live in Kennebec county. They fill places of trust and 
responsibility in the mill, and relieve Mr. Greenwood of 
much of the care of his business. One son-in-law has 
charge of one department. The mill was built in 1876, 
and now Mr. Greenwood manufactures yearly one hun- 
dred thousand yards of first quality repellants. These 
goods find a ready sale in Boston and New York. The 
mill has a capacity of sixty thousand pounds of stock per 
year, and employs twenty-five hands, with a pay-roll of 
$1,000 per month. This, being the only mill in town, is 
a great advantage to the village of Corinna by furnishing 
employment for so many hands and a ready market for 
wood, wool, etc. Mr. Greenwood is still in the prime of 
life, and anticipates making large improvements the corn- 
ing year, such as building a new stone dam, enlarging 
his mill, etc. For some years Mr. Greenwood has been 
interested in developing the mineral resources of Penob- 
scot county, and has done as much, perhaps, as any one 



3o6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



to develop the latent wealth of the county, sparing 
neither time nor money. After spending much time and 
prospecting e.\tensivcly for two years or more, he believes 
that there is mineral wealth enough in Penobscot county 
to make the people all rich. Mr. Greenwood and his 



family are held in high esteem by the people of Corinna 
and surrounding towns as an honest business man, lib- 
eral toward all objects and enterprises that tend to the 
development, growth, and prosperity of the town and 
county. 



CORINTH. 



TOPOGRAPHY .\ND GEOGRAPHY. 

Corinth is another of the beautifully legular townships 
to the west of the Penobscot, and in the older part of the 
county. The town, as a municipality, corresponds pre- 
cisely to the surveyed township. This town, then, con- 
tains thirty-six square miles, or 23,040 acres. It is six 
and one-quarter miles from Bangor, measured between 
nearest corners, and was in the old days known as 
Ohio Plantation. It is two tiers of townships, or twelve 
miles, distant from the west line of the county; only one 
town, Charleston, separates it from Atkinson, in Piscata- 
quis county; but parts of six towns — Kenduskeag, Le- 
vant, Hermon, Carmel, Hampden, Newburg — lie between 
it and Waldo county, although the distance is but eigh- 
teen miles. It is bounded on the north by Charleston, 
on the east by Hudscm, on the south by Kenduskeag and 
Levant, and on the west by Exeter. Its boundary lines 
are uninterrupted by lake or large river. The headwater 
of Little Pushaw Lake — which is in Hudson, a little way 
across the line, — rises in the northeast corner of Corinth. 
The Bear Brook, coming in from Charleston, crosses the 
same part of the town, but a mile further in the interior, 
and in Hudson becomes the Pushaw Stream. It receives 
in Corinth four or five small tributaries on the west side. 
Straight across the town, in the northwestern part, is the 
Crooked Brook, which has its several heads in Charles- 
ton, Exeter, and the north of Corinth, and runs to the 
southeast across the town into Kenduskeag. It receives 
several branches in this town, most of them also from the 
west side. The principal one has its source near the 
southwest corner, and flows northward and northeastward 
toward the centre of the town, near which it joins the 
Crooked Brook. Not a single lake or pond of size oc- 
curs in the town. The Little Pushaw Pond comes 
rather close to the northeast part, beyond the Bear Brook. 
Corinth is well provided with post-offices, roads and other 
public conveniences. It has no railroad, the Maine Cen. 
tral running some miles to the south of it, and the New- 



port iS; Dexter to the west. Corinth village and post- 
office is about a mile from the south line of the town and 
two miles from the west line, upon a leading highway 
that comes in from Levant and runs northwestward 
into Exeter, and westward through that town and Coiin- 
na. At this place are School No. 2 and a cemetery, and 
nearly a mile east of north from it, on the road to East 
Corinth. This place (more properly, from its central [ 
northern position. North Corinth) is a long, straggling vil- 
lage, mainly upon the road through the town from 
Charleston south to the Town House, and the junction 
of this with the road to Corinth post-ofifice, whence it 
runs southeasterly through South Corinth and into Ken- 
duskeag, and thence to Glenburn and Bangor. Schools 
No. 4, 5, 6, 15, and 17 are upon this road, the last a mile 
from the southeast corner of the town. No. 15 at East Cor- 
inth, No. 5 a little above. No. 4 a third of a mile below the 
Town House, and No. 6 near South Corinth post-ofifice. At 
East Corinth is also an academy building, a Baptist churcii, 
two parsonages and other like buildings. South Corinth is 
at a somewhat important cross-roads, two miles from the 
south line of the town; and one and a half from the east 
line. A cemetery is about two-thirds of a mile southwest 
of it, and another about the same distance west of East 
Corinth. Besides the leading roads mentioned, another 
makes almost a diagonal across the town, entering from 
Charleston neat the northwest corner, and shortly striking 
the Crooked Brook, which it follows more or less closely! 
to the exit of -the road into Kenduskeag. Upon or near 
it are Schools No. 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 18, with a cem- 
etery u])on a parallel road a shoit distance the other side 
of the brook and a mile from the south boundary of the 
town. Corinth is pretty thoroughly cut up with a net- 
work of roads, which it would take much space to de- 
scribe in detail. It naturally follows that the town is well 
settled and somewhat populous, having 1,333 inhabitants 
by the census of 1S80. These are largely, as before sug- 
gested,- residents upon the roads through East Corinth, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



307 



within one and a half miles each way from the place, al- 
though the highways tiirough Corinth post-office and 
South Corinth are by no means sparsely settled. South 
of the latter place, near the town line, is a dense but lim- 
ited neighborhood, and another on the town line about 
School No. I, south of Corinth village. Most of the 
people are engaged in agriculture, although a goodly 
number of saw, shingle, stave, grist, and cider mills are 
scattered through the town. They are mainly, however, 
clustered at East Corinth. 

EARLY HISTORY.* 

Township. No. 2, in the fourth range of townships 
north of the Waldo Patent, in the county of Hancock, 
containing 23,040 acres, was granted by the State to 
John Peck December 9, 1794, and afterwards purchased 
by Benjamin Joy and others. It was incoiporated and 
established as a town by the name of Corinth, June 21, 
1811. 

ADDITIO.\'.\L FACTS OF GEOGRAPHY. 

The surface of the town is level and watered by the 
Kenduskeag Stream, which is fed by the Pierre Paul* 
and Crooked Brooks, which stream runs in a southeast- 
erly direction, and nearly through the ccntie of the 
town, from which, for many years, the early settlers ob- 
tained salmon at a di.stance of seventeen miles from the 
waters of the Penobscot River. There is also a brook 
of goodly size in the easterly part of the town, known as 
Bear Brook, which discharges its waters into Pusliaw 
Pond. 

A growth of trees densely covered the soil, in which 
the ina[)le, birch, b.-ech, ash, basswood, hemlock, spruce, 
and cedar seemingly strove for predominance; yet the 
birds-eye maple must have seen — if it could see at all — - 
that the attempt would be futile to vie with the majestic 
pines scattered over the entire township. The solemn 
grandeur of the township's native growth of hardy trees, 
tall and thickly planted, demanded the admiration of the 
explorer, as he traversed grounds free from recently fallen 
trees, where the foot of civilized man had never trod, 
where no effort at improvement had marred the forest's 
primeval beauty, save that of the industrious beaver, by 
damming running waters, thereby adding broad acres to 
their original homesteads. 

SETTLEMENTS AND SURVEYS. 

Such was Township No. 2, in the year 1792, when Mr. 
Abner Tibbctts and Mr. Daniel Bridge, from Bangor, 
while on a hunting excursion through these forests, were 
so pleased that they decided to abandon the idea of re- 
moving to the State of Ohio, and immediately made ar- 
rangements for settling here, on lands of their own dis- 
covery, naming them New Ohio. 

In the spring of 1792 the first trees were felled by 
Mr. -Abner Tibbetts, upon lot No. 10, on the south line 
of the township. Immediately others, and among them 

* The remainder of this sketch, except the biographical section, has 
been prepared by the Hon. Mason W. Palmer, a native of the town, 
and still resident there. 

* Pierre Paul, pronounced by settlers " Peerpole," took its name from 
an Indian who lived upon its backs. 



Messrs. William Tibbetts, Mark Trafton, Joshua C. 
Thompson, John Goodhue, William Hammond, Royal 
Clark, and Dr. William Peabody, joined Mr. Tibbetts in 
his enterprise, and farming at once commenced in good 
earnest. 

The township was located, and separated from other 
and adjoining townships, by Messrs. Ephraim Ballard 
and Samuel Weston, in 1792. It was afterwards re-sur- • 
veyed and lotted by Messrs. Warner, Bellows, and Hods- 
don, and a plan of the towiibhip made by Mr. Ale.xander 
Mclntyre. 

In 1793 Mr. Daniel Skinner, formerly from Mansfield, 
Massachusetts, but more recently irom Brcwtr, in this 
county, with a family of three sons and three daughttrs, 
all at ages of maturity, made an opining about two miles 
in a northeasterly direction from the Ohio settlement ; 
and as each member of the Skinner family married in 
early life and settled in his or her father's neighboihood, 
and as all were imbued with the determinatiun of fulfill- 
ing the early command, "increase and multiply," a nu- 
merous, healthy, industrious progeny soon filled the ter- 
ritorial neighborhood with living souls, through whose 
veins ran quietly the Skinner love of domestic, quiet life. 
So numerous were they that the place in which they 
lived was properly called "the Skinner neighborhood." 
Mr. Jacob Wheeler, from Petersham, Massachusetts, and 
Mr. Richard Palmer, from Parsonsville, Maine, each mar- 
ried for their first wives daughters of Mr. Daniel Skinmr. 
For the spice of life which variety is said to give, Mess-rs. 
Isaac and Nathan Hodsdon, with their families, from Ber- 
wick, Maine, domiciled within the quitt [jrecincts of this 
Puritan family. 

In 1794 Josiah Simpson, Robert Simpson, Robert 
Cairipbell, Simon Trescott, Jonathan Snow, Rul'us In- 
man, and others, passing through the Skinner setttement, 
proceeded in a northerly direction some two miles, and 
near the westerly line of this township entered upon 
lands inviting both to the lumbermen and the agricul- 
turist. They here planted a neighborhood, which until 
the year 1S18 was known as the Simpson Settlement. 
.■\fter that time, in consequence of change of ownership 
of the farms formerly owned by the two Simpsons, the 
place was called the Eddy Settleirrent. 

On the easterly side of Kenduskeag Stream lay an 
elevation of ground peculiarly adapted for the planting 
of a farming neighborhood, on which Deacon John 
Hunting, Eben Hunting, Joshua Herrick, Reuben 
Ball, Isaac Ball, Benjamin Dyer, Aaron Gould, Josiah 
Gregory, David A. Gove, Andrew Strong, and others, 
commenced operations in 1S08; and soon a correct taste, 
judicious management, and untiring industry, foretold 
the future growth and beauty of the coming neighbor- 
hood. The far-reaching vision of Deacon Hunting and 
his associates saw that the joint and undivided effort of 
this little colony would convert the woodlands on the 
eastern slope of the Kenduskeag into fields of growing 
grain, and by architectural skill move the hitherto ap- 
parently sluggish waters of stream and brook to run 
swiftly to man's assistance and willingly turn the wheels 
of industry. If this was first seen by the eye prophetic, 



3o8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






all saw its fulfillment as the massive pine was being con- 
verted into boards. 

As the good Deacon was untiring in every needed 
effort to aid the growth of this neighborhood, it was 
called the "Hunting Settlement" for many years, but is 
now East Corinth. 

Thus, from 1792 to iSri, the four neighborhoods 
above-specified were receiving additions to their respec- 
tive localities, and both early settler and recent comer 
had a watchful eye to their adopted homes. 

EARLY TRADES, SCHOOLS, ETC. 

The nineteen years of occupation as a simple town- 
ship or plantation were years of quiet. Litigation was 
unknown; men were generally confiding, and at all times 
accommodating; the scarcity of implements of hus- 
bandry prompted invention, and necessity almost in- 
stantly brought forth the hastily made article wanted for 
immediate use. 

Mr. Abner Tibbetts made the wood-work, and Mr. 
John Goodhue the iron-work, of the pioneer plough in 
Corinth. 

Mr. Joshua C. Thompson framed and finished barns 
and dwelling-houses, while Mason Skinner, from straight- 
grained trees standing within sight of his shop, manu- 
factured tubs, bo.xes, kegs, chairs, and almost every 
article wanted for use. 

Mr. Rufus Inman, a master of all trades in wood, 
iron, and steel, manufactured spinning-wheels of every 
necessary description, made surgical instruments, and 
with wondrous skill used them; extracted teeth for six 
and one-fourth cents singly and ten cents for two at one 
sitting, and would let blood when deemed necessary 
with a lancet of his own making, as keen of edge as his 
own wit. Mr. Inman believed that Heaven designed 
that innate goodness and a cheerful spirit should ever 
live in man (Inman). 

In those early days the Sabbath was generally ob- 
served, and dwelling-houses were open for religious wor- 
ship, while large congregations would meet in newly 
finished stables, where praise was rendered to the Babe 
of the manger. 

To the credit of the first settlers be it recorded that 
especial care was taken to instruct properly the young. 
In this parents never tired. The fireside and closet 
were dedicated institutions of learning, where were 
taught goodness, truth, justice, and love. By this parents 
and children alike became self-instructors. What they 
studied was practical, efficient, and good. By reading 
carefully they readily attained the common uses of words, 
and though no work of a Webster was before them, 
they soon learned that their own thoughts were "un- 
abridged." 

The first school in the township was taught by Miss 
Eunice Fisher, of Canton, Massachusetts. For want of 
juvenile school-books the thoughtful teacher resorted to 
object teaching; and the nest of the bird in the lower 
branches of the tree near the school-room taught the in- 
fant mind the beauties of bird life, the connubial tender- 
ness between St. Valentine's mated birds, their care of 



the little ones, and that the unfledged bird gamed 
strength of wing by failures and renewed efforts, and 
soon was enabled to reach the highest branch of thl 
tree. 

The first winter school was taught by Mr. Isaac Hod^ 
don, where scholars were taught to enter the school-roori 
with deferential bow; unbidden, rise when parents or-J 
strangers entered or left, and at all times, in the street 
elsewhere, with uncovered heads give civil salutations ti 
all they met. This school was called the school of goo| 
manners. 

A WORTHY TRIBUTE. 

Our first parents in this township were- fearless an| 
just, never hiding themselves among the trees of ancien 
planting, and were early enabled to partake of the frui 
of their own industry. We would gladly name them all, bu 
by so doing we should become a tombstone in commemq 
rating the dates of the birth and death of early settler! 
Biographical notices we would gladly give if space woull 
allow; but what can there be interesting to the public il 
the lives of men whose chief merit consisted simply in th 
due fulfillment of the duties of private life? The names ( 
the first settlers are interesting, but it is because the 
were first settlers. Of them we have no affecting tale t| 
relate, no perils by fire, flood, or field; no crimes to 
relate by the wrong-doing of others or themselves; bu| 
of them it can be said that they were a moral, religious, 
prudent people, lovers of kindred and country, who lived 
lives of industry, and admirable foresight, made the bes^ 
of their situation, lived in quiet comfort, begat children 
and died. 

.MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATION. 

The act of the General Court establishing the town ol 
Corinth, provided that any Justice of the Peace in thj 
County of Hancock might be authorized to issue a waa 
rant directed to a freeholder in the town of Corinth 
requiring him to notify and warn the inhabitants thereo 
to meet at such convenient time and place as should bi 
appointed in said warrant, for the choice of such officeE 
as towns are by law empowered and required to choosa 
at their annual town meetings. Moses Hodsdon, 
Kenduskeag, a Justice of the Peace for the county 
Hancock, under his hand and seal on the 3d day 1 
March, 18 12, issued his warrant to William Tibbetts, 
Corinth, requiring him to notify and warn the freeholders 
of the town to meet and assemble themselves together 
on Tuesday, the 17th day of March, instant, at 10 of 
the clock in the forenoon, at the dwelling-house of Elijah 
Skinner, in said town, for. the purpose of choosing town 
officers for the ensuing year. This warrant was read in 
the presence and hearing of every freeholder and other 
inhabitant of Corinth, as directed therein, by William 
Tibbetts. They met at the time and place, and lor the 
purposes aforesaid, and chose the following named per- 
sons as officers for the year 1812. Mark Trafton, Mod- 
erator; Isaac Hodsdon, Town Clerk; William Hammond, 
Elijah Skinner, John Hunting, Selectmen; Mark Traf- 
ton, Treasurer; William Peabody, Elijah Skinner, David 
A. Gove, Assessors; Joshua C. Thompson, Reuben Bass, 
Constables; Andrew Goodhue, Elijah Skinner, Jonathan 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



509 



Snow, Joseph Bragdon, Surveyors of Highways; Josiah 
Simpson, Jonathan Snow, Simon Prescott, Tything-nicn ; 
Benjamin Dyer, Robert Campbell, Richard Palmer, 
Abner Tibbetts, Fence Viewers; Rufus Simpson, Mason 
Skinner, Joseph Prescott, Joshua Herrirk, Hog-Reeves. 
Seven hundred dollars were raised for highways, and it 
was voted to allow $1.25 for a day's work on the same, 
eight hours constituting the day. The meeting also 
raised $200 for schools, if so desired, to be paid in corn 
at $1 a bushel, rye at $1.17, and wheat at $1.33. One 
hundred and fifty dollars were raised to defray town 
charges. The following highways were established : A 
highway froili New' Charleston, through the Hunting Set- 
tlement to the south line of Corinth; a highway from 
John Goodhue's running in a northerly direction through 
the Skinner settlement and Simpson (now Eddy) settle- 
ment to the Exeter line; and a highway from Lewis 
Bean's (the Ohio settlement) running northerly to the 
Exeter line. 

STILI. HIGHER DUTIES. 

Notwithstanding the necessary labor in building these 
highways, yet the formation of school districts, erecting 
school-houses, and selecting suitable grounds for ceme- 
teries were duties not overlooked ; and schools were 
commenced as soon as school-liouses could be erected. 

Among the early settlers were those endowed with 
large capacities and rare abilities, who, sensibly feeling 
the want of schools in their own early life, resolved to do 
all in their power to enable the young by early instruc- 
tion to become more fully educated than themselves, 
and thus imbued with the truth that the present time is 
the planting hour, busied themselves as best they could 
in depositing the acorn, that those coming after them 
might find the oak. 

At this lime the venerable Father Sawyer, "the Pilgrim 
of a hundred years," whose efforts had much to do in 
establishing the Theological Seminary in Bangor, while 
on his missionary labors through the Penobscot region, 
visited the newly made settlements, and with that mind 
which sheds light on whatever it sees, and with fitting 
wotds in voice sweet to the ear of childhood, he spake 
truths which overwhelmed them with floods of hajipy 
thought; the influence of that good man's words live 
even to this day, as they lived more than half a century 
ago with the early settlers, who then were putting forth 
that stretch of endeavor which taxed muscle of mind, 
heart, and hand. 

THE EDDYS, OF EDDl.MGTON. 

In 1818 several families from Eddington moved into 
the Eddy Settlement, which formed an important acquisi- 
tion to the town, .^mong the new comers was Mr. 
William Eddy, who was born in Sackville, New Bruns- 
wick, July I, 1775, and died in Corinth, January 22, 
1852. His death was occasioned by a fall from a 
scaffold in his barn, and was greatly lamented. 

Mr. Jonathan M. Eddy, oldest son of William Eddy, 
wasborn in Eddington, October 22, 1797, and died in 
Corinth, August 5, 1875. Pope pronounced a fitting 
eulogy on Mr. Eddy, when he declared, 

.\n honest man's Ihe noblest work of God. 



For his first wife he married Miss Eliza Morrill, who 
died February 5, 1861. His second wife was Mrs. 
Elizabeth G. Twoinbly, with whom he happily passed 
the remaining days of a useful and happy life. 

THE FII-iST MILITARY COMPANY 

of local infantry was commanded by Captain William 
Bean, and embraced the soldiery of Corinth and Le- 
vant. In 1S23 the soldiers of Levant were withdrawn, 
and became a separate company, under comiriand ot 
Lieutenant Daniel Little. A military spirit was soon 
after much encouraged by the officers residing in Corinth, 
viz.: General Isaac Hodsdon, General Charles Piper, 
Colonel Josiah Morrill, Adjutant George Simpson, Major 
M. S. Palmer, and Major Ora Oakman. 

RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 

In 1823 the Rev. Stephen Uexter became the first 
settled minister in the town. Mr. Dexter was born in 
Cape Cod in 1776, and died in Corinth in August, 1836. 
His ministry was very satisfactory to his people. He 
was a man of industry, and equally at home on the farm, 
in the shop, or in the pulpit. His family was large, and 
sons and daughters learned to follow a father's judicious 
example and timely instructions. 

The first church edifice (Baptist) was built in 1832, 
near the residence of the pastor. In 1856 the building 
was removed to a very desirable location in East Corinth 
village, and being remodeled and well finished, with fit- 
ting steeple and finely-toned bell, it was admired for its 
architectural fitness and sweetly ringing belfry music. 
This church has generally been fortunate in having in 
its pulpit pastors of marked abilities, while the singing 
gallery has given notes divinely sweet to the cultured ear. 

The Methodists have two churches, one in Corinth, 
the other in East Corinth, both of medium size, well 
finished, and so clean in all their parts that the fact is 
admitted that Methodists believe in internal purity in 
the sanctuary, as well as in practical life. One pastor 
supplies both pulpits. 

In 1S56 the Free-will Baptists erected a commodious 
house in East Corinth, e-xcellent in all its appointments, 
where they worship w-ith religious decorum and com- 
mendable zeal. 

Connected with all the churches are Sabbath-schools, 
which are doing wonders in the great work of Christian 
intelligence and practical piety. Looking recently into 
these schools, where the teaching of the young engrosses 
the philanthropic energies of the devoted Christian, we 
read in the faces of teacher and scholar that there is bliss 
in life's working days, and none need wait for death ere 
heaven's joys begin. 

Connected also with the churches are social societies, 
sometimes called sewing societies, which are principally 
managed by the intelligent ladies interested in the church. 
Their meetings are generally weekly, in which all can par- 
ticipate; and while woman's industry works for church 
or pastorate, each contributes to its social enjoyments 
under the admonition from Apostolic lips: "Let your 
speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt, that you 
may know how you ought to answer every man." While 



310 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



these societies refrain from all scandal and evil speaking, 
they make speech the vehicle of the mind, sometimes 
running light, sometimes loaded, endeavoring at all times 
to make language the garment of the soul, knowing that 
the grace of utterance comes not merely by observation, 
but from a root deeply within. The preacher, whose 
thoughts come to us in trained carpentry of words, is 
sometimes dull on the ear ; but words become fragrant 
with a charm, when their spirit is sensibly spoken in 
those societies which give social fitness of expression. 
Gems, scattered broadcast from the pulpit, after being 
rehandled and reset to words of social, graceful utter- 
ance, coming from the fountains of pure thought, be- 
come not only gracious, but divine. In the fifteenth 
century jests, opinions, and bon mots uttered in conversa- 
tion by men of genius, were published and transmitted 
to posteiity. Giles Menage met with assemblies of 
literary men and wrote their sayings, which were published 
in 1693; and all lovers of genuine wit and deep thought 
admire the published literary conversations of Horace 
Walpole and the Table Talk of Selden. While men of 
colloquial eloquence thus gave to the world thoughts 
worthy remembrance, may not mothers and sisters, in 
their table talk at their social gatherings, teach the world 
that there is a power and sweetness in words spoken 
from the full heart and pure life of cultured womanhood? 

CORINTHIAN HIGHWAYS. 

From the northerly line of the town, and running in a 
southerly direction to Kenduskeag, are five main roads, 
viz : From Exeter, nearly on the line between Corinth 
(Ohio Settlement) and Levant, to Kenduskeag; from 
Exeter through the Eddy and Skinner settlements to 
Kenduskeag; from Charleston through East Corinth to 
Kenduskeag (between these two last roads runs the Ken- 
duskeag Stream); from Charleston through East Ridge Set- 
tlement to Kenduskeag; from Charleston through the Farrar 
settlement, intersecting with roads leading to Kendus- 
keag. These roads are well made and kept in good 
repair and are the leading avenues to Bangor. Other 
roads are intersecting or town roads. That probably 
most traveled is the road established in 18 19, leading 
from Smith's Corner (East Corinth) in a westerly direc- 
tion, crossing the stream to Corinth (Skinner Settlement). 
From this cross-road, commencing near the bridge over 
the Kenduskeag Stream, and still nearer the en- 
trance of the Pierre Paul Brook with the stream, 
and running nearly parallel with the same, is a 
road leading through a farming neighborhood proli- 
fic in its hay crop, and terminating at a road 
near the residence of Andrew G. Fitz. On the easterly 
side of the Kenduskeag Stream, and running in a 
southerly direction as runs the stream, and nearly i)arallel 
with the road on the westerly side, is a road leading to 
Robeyville, near Kenduskeag's northerly line, at which 
place there is an excellent water-power, owned and once 
occupied by Mr. Clark Hersey. The stream is here 
spanned by a covered bridge, which gives Robeyville a 
business like aspect. The lands on each side of the 
stream, through which these roads run, are good. 



A very pleasant road, leadfng from East Corinth and 
passing the Corinthian cemetery, crosses the waters of 
the Crooked Brook and the Kenduskeag, and branches 
in various directions. 

THE MILLS OF CORINTH. 

By changing the starting-point on "the Hatch Road 
before named, proceeding in a northerly direction from 
Robeyville, and crossing the road leading from East 
Corinth to Corinth, you soon find yourself in the vicinity 
of the saw-mill and shingle-mill on the waters of the 
Crooked Brook, owned by Mr. John Thissell. At this 
place were the mills erected by Deacon Hunting. 

At a short distance from these mills, but situated upon 
the waters of the Kenduskeag, is the saw-mill, shingle- 
mill, and grist-mill owned and occupied by the Messrs. 
McGregor. All of the above mills have done, and are 
still in condition for doing, good service. In their vicin- 
ity farmers are tilling a soil of easy culture, and very pro- 
ductive. 

EAST RIDGE. 

In 1S16 Samuel Houston commenced farming on 
lands lying east of East Corinth, in the east division, and 
asked the town to cause a road to be laid out "from his 
chopping" to East Corinth. After the granting of the 
petition, other persons commenced clearing lands; 
and soon a neighborhood was in existence, called the 
"Savage Settlement," but soon known as the "East 
Ridge." The land was productive, families increased, 
and the road petitioned for was soon extended further 
east. East Ridge presently embraced a large tract of 
excellent land, extending from the ridge in an easterly 
direction to the Hudson town line; and those having the 
gift of prophecy predicted that in coming time East 
Ridge, in beauty and comeliness, would equal her elder 
sister. 

The first settlers of East Ridge have been gathered to 
their fathers; others, loving more a warmer clime, have 
left; yet to-day the Ridge resounds with the farmer's 
cheery voice from his fields, and the mechanic's hammer 
in his shop. 

The road from the Charleston line, leading through 
the Ridge, is mostly on elevated ground, and farms on 
each side show due culture of the soil, while the merry 
sound of voices tells of happy firesides. The children 
in the streets greet you with deferential bow, and with 
smiling faces hasten to the school-room. Such children 
are moving the world, and will eventually renovate its 
social conditions. 

Crossing the main road that leads to Kenduskeag, you 
proceed in an easterly direction to Bear Brook, the waters 
of which, after putting in quick motion the saw-mill, 
shingle-mill, and planing-miU of Mr. James R. Trim, join 
the waters of Pushaw Pond. Travelling still farther 
eastward, you intersect Farrar Road, once known as the 
Hatch Road, leading from Charleston to Kenduskeag, 
and are within one hundred and fifty rods of the Hudson 
line. 

"THE mirror" of CORINTH. 

In 1S30, without previous announcement, a small, four- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



311 



page monthly newspaper, called the Mirror, and pur- 
porting to be published in Corinth, was widely distributed 
through the town. From tlie tone of its published arti- 
cles, it was readily ascertained that its objects were to 
make odious the abuse of the f;tculties of speech; and 
while profane language and falsehood were treated as evils 
demanding the censure of all persons, scandal received 
the scathing denunciation of a pen sharp as the serpent's 
tooth and as keenly telt as the sting of the wasp. The 
sheet was small ; but the presuming juvenile editor averred 
his ability to show that it was the contents of a paper 
which made it great, while with artistic skill he made 
each issue "a moving picture of the passing day." If 
there were any persons who feared that the flood gates of 
scandal might be raised and a quiet people inundated 
with tales of falsehood "strange and vile," these fears 
were soon allayed, for a change came. Words ceased to 
be shallow and babbling, like surface waters; scandal 
stopped — and so did the Mirror. 

THE POST-OFFICES. 

There are in this town four post-ofifices, each supplied 
with a daily mail. Richard Palmer was the first Post- 
master in Corinth; Elbridge H. Bragdon is the present 
Postmaster in the sarne office. David A. Gove was the 
first in East Corinth; Roscoe A. Kingsbury is the pres- 
ent incumbent. 

In 1818 the -mails for Corinth were carried on horse- 
back. The carrie'r was a man small in stature, and ex- 
ceedingly anxious to be at each office on his route pre- 
cisely at the hour designated for his arrival. Attached 
to his saddle he carried a trumpet of powerful sound, 
and when within half a mile of a post-office this minia- 
ture Gabriel did not by sound of his trumpet declare ex- 
actly "that time should be no longer," but rather that he 
was on time I 

THE DOCTORS. 

Dr. William Peabody was the first educated physician 
in town. The Doctor was born in Boxford, Massachu- 
setts, January 10, 1768; received his education in By- 
field, m his native State; studied medicine with Dr. 
Skinner, of Brewer; was a surgeon in the War of 1S12; 
was at the battle in Hampden; came to Corinth in 181 2; 
was a successful physician, and a worthy and highly re- 
spected citizen. He died December 14, 1857. There 
was one particular instance in the Doctor's medical prac- 
tice which history, for the consideration of physicians, 
deems worthy of record. After prescribing for a patient 
who was evidently very sick, the Doctor found that the 
medicine administered had no effect upon the disease, 
and for a long time he studiously labored to reach the 
case of the sick man; but the disease was refractory, 
yielding in no wise to the Doctor's medicinal curatives. 
In fact the Doctor saw he did not understand the nature 
of the complaint, yet the patient being a man of strong 
constitution, recovered. For his services the Doctor re- 
fused compensation, alleging that no physician should 
receive pay for treating a disease which was both beyond 
his reading and present research. 

Dr. Jared Fuller came to Corinth in the year 1832, 



at which time he commenced practice as a physi- 
cian. He was usually successful in his profession, was 
moderate in his charges, kind to the poor, and circum- 
spect in all his social and business relations. In the 
State Legislature he served one term ; and twice was a 
member of the Governor's Council. In 1S68 he was 
chairman of a committee to investigate charges preferred 
against the Insane Asylum. He was also at the time of 
his death Postmaster at East Corinth. While one of the 
municipal officers of the town, the only charge brought 
against his official duties was his kindness to the town's 
poor. 

Dr. Jason Huckins graduated at the Castleton, Ver- 
mont, Medical College, in November, 1859; commenced 
practice in Corinth in June, i860; entered military ser- 
vice as assistant surgeon of the Twenty-second Regiment 
Maine Volunteers, in August, 1862, and served one yeair 
in the Department of the Gulf, principally in Louisiana. 
Since the Doctor's return from military service as a sur- 
geon, he has been in constant practice as a physician in 
Corinth and vicinity. His residence is in East Corinth. 

Dr. C. S. Philbrick, homceopathic physician and sur- 
geon, has an office and residence at J. Wesley Hunting's, 
in East Corinth. 

Dr. W. F. Johnson, surgeon dentist, is located In East 
Corinth. 

The town hearse and hearse-house are maintained in 
East Corinth. 

M.^joR Ora 0.\km.\n' was born in Bangor Nov. 12, 
1809, and died April 12, 1872. In early boyhood, with 
his father's family, he removed to Corinth, labored on 
his father's farm during the spring, summer, and au- 
tumnal months, and attended the town school during 
winter. Young Oakman easily accomplished any study 
he undertook. He resolved to study himself as he would 
study a problem in algebra, and thus make himself pro- 
ficient in all matters within the province of self-taught 
human attainment. The bird of song in the hedge 
taught him the love of music; hence he studied music. 
But it was in the branches of education taught in our 
common schools that he applied the energies of studious 
thought. To teach others what he himself had learned, 
became mere pastime. In the school-room he was per- 
fectly at home; his manner was imposing and dignified, 
and as a disciplinarian no teacher excelled him. Order 
in the school-room was the first thing in order. No 
scholar cared to be otherwise than orderly in his pres- 
ence. Although a practical farmer he taught forty town 
schools and sixty singing-schools. His character and 
name were synonymous. He was an Oak-man, showing 
at all times the grain of the wood; and that he was 
"live Oak" was evident from the active life he lived. 
Four Oaken sons survive the parent Oak; and they, like 
the father, are musicians, and when a public gathering is 
announced, you learn from the bill that the music will 
be by the "Oakman Brothers." 

THE ROLL OF HONOR. 

The citizens of Corinth, ever loving the remembrance 
of the heroic dead who fought in the War of the Rebel- 



312 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



lion, have most respectfully given to history the names of 
their townsmen killed in battle, or who died from 
wounds received or disease contracted in the army. In 
life they were their loved ones ; by death they are em- 
balmed, and live in their thoughts: 



George B. F. Hosmer, 
.Stillman Guppy, 
Austin W. Whittier, 
William H. Herrick, 
Eli W. Parkman,* 
Andrew J. Whittier, 
.Sumner S. Bean. 
Rufus H. Gilman, 
Henry C. Heald, 
Evander C. Curtis. 
Henry Lyford, 
Newell J. Bradley, 
Fred J. Robbins, 
James Stevens, 
Henry J. Hurd, 
Moses W. Fiske, 
George F. Hurd, 
Aaron Houston, 
C. Augustus Kisor, 
Z. Taylor Reynolds, 
Israel Hodsdon, 
John Ham, 



Chester Pearson, 
David B. Herrick, 
Josiah M. Whittier, 
Levi Stevens, 
Alfred W. Warren, 
Nathan Chamberlain, 
Asa H. Sawyer, 
Charles A. Whittier, 
Edgar Sargent, 
Allen Hunting, 
Frank Roundy, 
John Hunting, 
Isaac R. Worth, 
Chester M. Herrick, 
Henry D. Fuller, 
Alonzo Batchelder, 
Cyrus Perkins, 
Walter A. Crowell, 
Benjamin Crowell, 
Thomas M. Hinckley, 
William Eddy, 
Stephen Barker, 



THE liXSTITUTlONS OF CORINTH. 

East Corinth Academy was built in 1843. The Legis- 
lature of 1848, at its summer session, donated for the 
use of said Academy one-half of a township of land. 
Dr." Jason Huckms, C. Megquire, and T. McDonald 
were appointed Trustees. For six years now last past, 
Mr. David Fletcher has been Principal, and his present 
assistant is Miss M. E. Mathews. The academy is well 
patronized. 

The Cheese and Canning Factory Association was in- 
corporated February 13, 1S74, with Mr. John Thissell as 
President, Charles Megquire, Secretary, and T. Mc- 
Donald, Treasurer. 

Mr. Charles Megquire's circulating library contains 
about three hundred volumes. 

There are in the town six cider-mills, making in all 
about twelve hundred barrels of cider per year. The 
motive power of the mill now being built by Webber R. 
Clark, is steam, with an engine of sufficient power to 
carry saws, apparatus for grinding grain, planing lumber, 
and making cider. 

The new town house just completed, is an imposing 
edifice, costing as a whole about five thousand two 
liundred dollars. On the ground floor is the town hall, 
especially adapted to the town's wants. It cost two thou- 
sand two hundred dollars. On the second floor is 
a large hall built by the Corinthian Lodge, No. 59, I. O. 
O. F., admirably constructed, well finished, and costing 
the' lodge three thousand dollars. This society numbers 
about one hundred members, who hold regular meetings 
in the hall every Wednesday evening. It was instituted 
October 2, 1878, with foity-five members. 

There are two societies of Good Templars in town, 
that in Corinth, the Ivy Lodge, containing about fifty 
members, and meeting every Saturday evening at their 

* Parkman lived in Charleston, but is buried with Corinth's dead. 



own hall. Anchor Lodge No. 321, in East Corinth, com- 
prising more than one hundred members, meets at the 
Grange Hall, every Monday evening. While it is be- 
lieved that these societies are doing much good for the 
cause of temperance, it is also evident they produce 
much social enjoyment. 

The Orient Grange No. 50, in Corinth, was organized 
in 1875. At its commencement its numbers were few, 
and for several years its growth was tardy; yet those lov- 
ing its principles were untiring in their efforts to sustain 
an institution which promised the growth and culture of 
the human mind. For this they worked, as works the 
philanthropist and the Christian, believing that faith and 
works in a good cause would eventually receive their re- 
ward; and so it proved. To-day the Grange numbers 
more than one hundred ; and those that entered doubt- 
ing are now happy in knowing that sympathetic and fra- 
ternal intercourse with the laws of mind and the great 
truths of nature, will give to the inquiring human soul 
wondrous growth. Its members have learned and others 
are learning, that the Grange is not a place for the lazy of 
brain or the sluggard in thought ; that it is a mental- 
working institution ; and while it has hours of pleasant 
recreation, it has workmg hours, hours of study, of deep 
thought, w'here pure expression, oral or written, are only 
practical lessons that initiate them into the great millen- 
nial language of a coming period, when falsehood and 
rough words will be unknown, and unkindness will lose 
its name among men. The Grange meets every Satur- 
day evening, at Grange Hall. 

The Penobscot Central Agricultural Society hold their 
annual exhibitions and fairs on the grounds of Mr. John 
Morrison, near Knowles's tavern, in East Corinth, using 
the large hall connected with the public house for an 
agricultural hall during show days. These shows exhibit 
in miniature the energy of a farming community and the 
handiwork of wives and daughters. 

LUMBERING IN CORINTH. 

From the commencement of farming to about the year 
1845, 'lis P'''S ^iid the cedar were seemingly doomed to 
extermination. The ordinary pine gave boards, clap- 
boards, and shingles for the outside completion of every 
building, while that of a better cjuality furnished material 
for inside finish ; and while the builder of his own house, 
for his evening devotions, read the words of the King to 
Nathan, the prophet, who exultingly exclaims, "See, now 
I dwell in a house of cedar," the reading man of humble 
pretensions responds, "See, too, I dwell in a house of 
pine !" But the great demand for shingles moved farmers 
to lay waste the cedars on their low-lands, converting 
tliem into merchandise. For many years farmers spent 
their winters in shingle making. This made wanton 
havoc with the cedars of the forest, and tree-tops thickly 
scattered gave the appearance of waste. But within a 
few years the felled timber, still generally sound, is find- 
ing its appropriate place in fencing the farms of the 
husbandman, thus keeping cattle within the well-fenced 
boundaries ot ownership. Within the last two years 
alone at least twelve miles of cedar fence have been built 
in Corinth, most of it by one man. 




v'/^^r c.^^-^«^^<6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



313 



Until recently the cedar has not been appreciated. 
Cedar wood, as noticed in Leviticus, was prescribed 
among the materials used for the cleansing of leprosy. 
The four-score thousand hewers employed by Solomon 
for cutting timber robbed Lebanon of its glory, and while 
we have no Solomons revelling in life's luxuries, thus to 
rob us, we have a second growing of cedar, which is bet- 
ter, at least so far as fencing is concerned. 

ANOTHER PIONEER. 

Andrew Strong, one of Corinth's most prominent men 
and one of her early settlers, was a citizen of unusual 
business capacities. He was a surveyor of land ; and, 
being appointed agent of Benjamin Joy, the principal 
proprietor of the town, nearly all the sales of land were 
made by him. While he faithfully performed the duties 
of agent, in no single instance has it ever appeared that 
he lost sight of the interests of his townsmen. Mr. 
Strong, for many years, was one of the municipal officers 
of the town. He laid out her roads, and was generally 
foremost in all matters pertaining to her interests. In 
1819 he was chosen one of the delegates to meet in the 
convention for forming a new Constitution for the State. 
In 1835 Mr. Strong became blind, and placed in the 
hands of his pupil, Mr. Andrew G. Fitz, the unfinished 
public business of his life, delivering him his compass 
and surveying apparatus, with all his carefully kept mem- 
oranda and field notes, whicli were full and complete 
from 1 80S to 1835. Thus the com]3ass and chain long 
used by Mr. Strong are now in the hands of Mr. Fitz, 
and are still used with tliat care and ability which dis- 
tinguished the veteran surveyor. 

SELF-MURDERS. 

There have been in Corinth eleven suicides. The first 
was on May 15, 1815, being the drowning by her own 
act of Miss Louisa Knight, aged twenty, in the Crooked 
Brook. Miss Knight was the personification of happy 
girlhood life. Upon the brain horizon suddenly appeared 
a cloud, hiding from her the presence of her Maker, and 
she destroyed that life. 

BUSINESS NOTES. 

James Knowles is the popular landlord of the Parker 
House, East Corinth. 

Daniel F. and Ira W. Davis are attorneys and counsel- 
lors at law. 

There are in town eight stores, six blacksmiths, four 
wheelwrights, four stone-masons, and six house-car- 
penters. 

Drugs and medicines are kept at C. Megquires'. 

J. Wesley Hunting's four-horse mail stage-coach leaves 
Knowles's Hotel for Bangor every day at 6 a. m.; return- 
ing, arrives at 6 p. m. 

STATISTICS. 

In 1812 Corinth had 38 polls, a valuation of estates to 
the amount of $1,032.60, and a State tax of 16 cents on 
the $1,000. 

In 1820 the town had 63 voters and a valuation of 
$24>77i- 

The polls and estates, respectively, in i860, were 390 



and $313,870; in 1870, 377 and $432,970; and in 1880, 
3S1 and $439,036; in 1881, 341 and $383,942. 

Ohio Plantation had a population of 189 in 18 10. 
Corinth had 296 in 1820, 712 in 1830, 1,308 in 1840, 
1,600 in 1850, 1,790 in i860, 1,462 in 1870, and 1,333 
in 1880. 

As an indication of the agricultural resources of the 
town, it may be mentioned that in 1878 the Corinthian 
harvest was reported at 27,369 bushels of potatoes, 
18,165 of oats, 5,392 of corn, 2,780 of barley, 1,821 of 
beans, and 1,767 of wheat. 

The public financial resources of the town in 1881 
were $9,924.01. 

There were then supported by the town 1 1 persons — 
8 upon the Town Farm, 3 at the Insane Hospital. 

Corinth is divided into 13 school districts; number of 
pupils, 431; funds for support of schools, $1,860.22. 

Should the stranger ask why there were in town at 
least three accomplished and intelligent unmarried 
females to one unmarried male, the answer is that during 
the War of the Rebellion the girl of patriotism consented 
that her affianced husband should fight the battles of our 
country — not that she loved him less, but her country 
more. 

EARLY SUNDAY-SCHOOLS. 

The first efforts to establish .Sabbath-schools were made 
in 1832 by Deacon Stephen Dexter and Miss Elma Her- 
rick, to which Mrs. Tozier, at present the widow of John 
Tozier, and now eighty-five years of age, contributed a 
supply of books. 

THE CIVIL ROSTER OF CORINTH. 

Persons once or now residents of Corinth, who have 
held or at the present time are holding the more imjwrt- 
ant elective offices, or offices under appointment, are 
named below: Royal Clark, Sheriff of the county; Ma- 
son S. Palmer, J. Manning Herrick, George F. Hill, Ed- 
win R. Bean, Deputy Sheriffs ; Levi Bradley, Noah Bar- 
ker, State Land Agents ; Dr. Jared Fuller, Counsellor 
two terras ; John Thissell, John B. Nichols, John Morri- 
son (two terms), Daniel F. Davis, Noah Barker, State 
Senators; Jared Fuller, John Morrison (two terms), Jon- 
athan M. Eddy, Heman S. Jackson, Sylvester Eddy, 
Thomas G. Watson, John C. Blanchard, John B. Nichols, 
Joseph B. Wheeler, David Fletcher, Edwin R. Bean, 
George F. Hill, Luther Wadleigh, and John I,. Robin- 
son, Members of the Legislature; Mark Trafton, An- 
drew Strong, Isaac Hodsdon, Reuben Ball, Henry K. 
Dexter, Elijah Skinner, John Tozier, Mason S. Palmer, 
Noah Barker, Joseph B. Wheeler, Matthew French, 
Henry K. Dexter, Thomas G. Watson, John L. Robin- 
son, John Thissell, Bradbury Robinson. Charles Meg- 
quire, D. F. Davis, Ira W. Davis, Humphrey Nichols, 
Farmer Bragg, Justices of the Peace ; Joshua Hawes, 
Benjamin Ball, Edwin R. Bean, David Fletcher, Trial 
Justices. Isaac Hodsdon was Clerk of the Courts, 
Major-General of the Militia, and Adjutant-General of 
the State. Mason S. Palmer was Register of Probate 
for many years. Royal Clark, Mark I'rafton, and George 
H. Fuller were Postmasters at Bangor. Daniel F. Davis 
was Governor of the State in 1880. 



;i4 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The officers of the town in 1881 were: Charles A. 
Robinson, George H. Smith, Edwin A. Cole, Selectmen; 
Charles Megquire, Town Clerk; C. B. Bragdon (East), J. 
M. Herrick, A. F. Bragg, F. B. Trickey, Constables; 
Frank B. Trickey, Treasurer, Constable, and Collector ; 
Charles B. Bragdon, School Supervisor; Noah Barker, 
M. S. Palmer, Charles Megquire, J. B. Wheeler, Daniel 
F. Davis, Timothy McDonald, I. VV. Davis (Quorum), 
Edwin R. Bean, David Fletcher (Trial), Justices. 

MILITARY BIOGRAPHIES. 

[From the report of General John L. Hodsdon, for- 
merly Adjutant-General of the State.] 

Lieutenant-Colonel George Fuller. — This officer 
enlisted as a private on the 24th of April, 1861, in a 
company raised in Corinth, of which he was elected Sec- 
ond Lieutenant, and which became Company H, Sixth 
Regiment. He was subsequently elected Captain, and 
was mustered in with his regiment, July 15, 1861. The 
command soon after proceeded to Washington and joined 
the Army of the Potomac, in which the regiment served 
until mustered out, August ig, 1864. 

The record of Lieutenant-Colonel Fuller is identified 
with that of the regiment with which he was always on 
duty. He therefore participated in the battles of War- 
wick Creek, Lee's Mills, Williamsburg, Garnett's Farm, 
Savage's Station, White Oak Swamp, Crampton Pass, 
Antietam, first Fredericksburg, Mary's Heights or second' 
Fredericksburg, Banks's Ford, Kelley's Ford, Gettysburg, 
Rappahannock Station, Locust Grove, the Wilderness, 
and Spottsylvania Court-house; in the four last of which 
h% was in command of the regiment after the fall of 
Lieutenant-Colonel Harris. 

On the 2 2d of May, 1863, Captain Fuller was com- 
missioned Major of the regiment, and on April 24, 1864, 
was further promoted Lieutenant Colonel. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Fuller did not pass through the 
war without experiencing some of its most painful vicis- 
situdes. In the battle of Garnett's Farm he was struck 
in the breast by a s]jent ball; at Rappahannock Station 
his horse was killed under him, his sword shot off, and 
his clothes pierced; and at Spottsylvania Court-House, 
when of the two hundred men of the regiment who went 
into a charge on the loth of INLiy, 1864, one hundred 
and sixty were killed and wounded, Colonel Fuller was 
also shot and carried off the field. 

On the ist of July he rejoined his regiment at Washing- 
ton, then on its way to Maine to be mustered out; but was 
retained by General Russell, commanding the division. 
Subsequent to the consolidation of a remnant of the 
regiment with the First Veterans, Colonel Fuller ten- 
dered his resignation, and was honorably mustered out, 
July 28, 1864, having been in the service thirty-nine 
months, and earned for himself a soldierly reputation of 
which he may well be proud. 

Lieutenant Henry D. Fuller, of Corinth, entered 
the service in March, 1864, as Second Lieutenant in 
Baker's District of Columbia Cavalry. He served with 
his regiment in the Army of the James under General 
Butler, a portion of the time acting as Brigade Ordnance 



Officer, until October, 1864, when he was captured by 
the enemy at the battle of Cox's Mills, and remained in 
prison until December of that year. In the meantime 
his regiment had been consolidated with the First Maine 
Cavalry, and after his release he joined that regiment for 
duty as Second Lieutenant of Company B, and served 
in that capacity with great credit till the close of the war. 
In the last campaign of the Army of the Potomac, he 
was severely wounded at the battle of Dinwiddle Court 
House. After the surrender of Lee, he was detailed on 
provost duty at Petersburg, Virginia, for four months, 
and was mustered out of service with his regiment in 
August, 1865. 

The following are among the most important battles in 
which Lieutenant Fuller was engaged: Petersburg, June 
1864; Wilson's Raid — comprising the battles of Reams' 
Station, Stanton Railroad Bridge and Stony Creek — 
Deep Bottom, Weldon Railroad, Cox's Mils, Wyatt's 
Farm, Hatcher's Run and Dinwiddle Court House. 

Sergeant Israel Hodsdon, of Company H, Sixth 
Maine Volunteers, of Corinth, aged twenty-five years, 
mortally wounded in the battle of Rappahannock Station, 
on the 7th day of November, 1S63, died during 
his removal from the battle-field to Washington. His re- 
mains were embalmed by order of his Captain, and sent 
home, accompanied by the following letter from his 
regimental commander : 

Headql'arteks Sixth Maine Volunteers, ) 

Camp near Brandy Station, Virginia, January 11, 1864. J 
General : — I had intended writing you, ere this time, on the subject 
of your nephew's services, and lamented but glorious death: for if one 
must die, and die we all must, sooner orlater,what death is so honorable, 
so noble, as that of the "battle-field," in the service of one's country? 
During a period of thirty months, up to the time he fell, while gallantly 
cheering on the men at Rappahannock Station, I had known Israel un- 
der all the varied phases of a soldier's life; in camp, on the toilsome 
march, in the roar of battle, and he was always the same: prompt and 
attentive to duty, respectful to his officers, and kind to the men, by 
whom he was highly esteemed. The battle in which he fell was the 
fifteenth in which he had been engaged, in all of which he exhibited 
both courage and capacity, and rose by merit alone from the rank of 
Junior Corporal to that of First Sergeant. I esteemed him highly both 
as a man and a soldier, and from our long association in that life which 
tests men as none other does, from our standing shoulder to shoulder 
through so many hard-fought battles, I almost feel as if I had a right to 
sympathize with his friends in this deep calamity. And, General, 
pardon me if I add that all things are ordered by an All- Wise Provi- 
dence, and that God had undoubtedly caused this deep affliction to 
visit you for some wise purpose. And if he was to die, you, who have 
stood at the head of the military profession in our State, can but be 
pleased that he died in the service you love so well; a service which 
Maine at least has in times past been largely controlled by you. and 
owes its efficiency in a great measure to your efforts. 

I am. General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

George Fuller, Major Commanding. 
General Isaac Hodsdon, Corinth, Maine. 

The following notice is from the Roll of Honor of 
Bowdoin College, published in the same reports : 

Class of i860. — Granville P. Hawes ; born. East 
Corinth, July, 1838; began the study of law; entered 
the service as First Lieutenant of the One Hundred 
and Twenty-eighth New York Regiment ; was detailed 
as Commissary, etc., on the staff of General VV. H. Emo- 
ry, Eighth Corp§, and served under the same when trans- 
ferred to the command of Third Division, Nineteenth 
Corps, Department of the Gulf; was mentioned with 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



315 



honor by Major-General Banks for efficiency in his posi- 
tion in the first Teche expedition; was attached to the 
staff of ]\'lajor-General Grover after the siege of Port Hud- 
son; then reported to Major-General Herron, Army of 
the Frontier, in Texas; resigned in the spring of 1S65. 
We have also the following, from another source : 
During the war of the Rebellion, Henry W. Palmer en- 
listed in Company H, Thirty-first Regiment Mame Vol- 
unteers, and in the battle of the Wilderness lost his right 
arm. On the same day after amputation on the field he 
traveled sixteen miles on foot to the nearest hospital. 
He is now at the home of his boyhood, caring for his 
parents, and with his younger brother, Clifford E. Palmer, 
manages the farm made by their venerable father, the 
Hon. Mason 8. Palmer, more than half a century ago. 

OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 

Hon. Mason S. Palmer, of Corinth, was born in 
Corinth, October 27, 1S03. His first remembered out- 
look upon the world was among the forests and the then 
recently felled trees and small patclies of cleared land 
incident to farm-making. To this work he devoted his 
days of boyhood, excepting always such times as he was 
enabled to- attend such schools as were early introduced 
in the township. In early life he became a teacher, and 
on arriving at his majority was chosen superintendent of 
schools. He afterwards wrote in the various county offi- 
ces; at a suitable age was appointed Assistant Postmaster 
at Bangor, and left that position when appointed Regis- 
ter of Probate for Penobscot county, which office he held 
for many years. .Although a lover of any position of 
trust when proffered, he never sought position nor was of 
the begging throng which disgrace American communi- 
ties until the crazed brain deliberately takes the life of 
one having the gift to bestow and the wisdom of with- 
holding. I'or several years Mr. Palmer had charge of 
the Katchden Iron Works, in Piscataquis county, from 
which he went to the Briggs Iron Company, in Berkshire 
county, Massachusetts, as its agent. Here he was en- 
gaged for nine years, during which he served one term 
as a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts. He 
was also appointed Clerk of the Court of Insolvency for 
the county of Berkshire, and one of the Supervisors of 
Schools. After suffering seriously by fire, he removed 
back to his own native town, and at this writing resides on 
the farm in the neighborhood of the place of his birth. 
Mr. Palmer married Miss Nancy Johnson Coy, daughter 
of the late Captain Henry Coy, of Minot, Maine, an of- 
ficer in the War of 181 2. 

Hon. Noah Barker is son of Nathaniel Barker, who 
came from Limerick, York county, Maine, to Exeter in 
the year 1803. He married Sarah Pease, daughter of 
Joseph Pease, of Exeter, formerly of Parsonsfield. They 
had ten children, viz: Noah, Melinda, Julia, Sarah, 
Nathaniel, David, Louis, Daniel, Mark, and John. Mr. 
Barker died in March, 1823, and Mrs. Barker died 
January 6, 1880. All of this family are now living 
except Melinda, Sarah,' David, and John. Noah 
Barker, the subject of this sketch, was born in Blaisdell 
Plantation, now Exeter, November 14, 1807, and is now, 



therefore, in his seventy-fourth year. After receiving a 
common school education he received an academical 
training at Hampden and Foxcroft Academies. He 
studied surveying in the academy and commenced sur- 
veying in 1S30. He surveyed all the northern part of 
Maine into townships and has been engaged in this work 
more or less all his life, not only in Maine but New 
Hampshire and Canada. He inarried Temperance B. 
Eddy December 29, 1839. They have had four chil- 
dren, viz: George, Charles V., William E., and Nellie 
.'\., all of whom are now living. After serving his term 
in the capacity of School Commissioner, and for sev- 
eral terms as Selectman, he was elected to the Leg- 
islature in the fall of 1837, in 1839, and in 1855, and 
to the Senate in 1878 and 1879. He also has been 
County Commissioner for several years ; also State Land 
Agent in 1S67 and 1859. He settled on his present place 
in Corinth in the spring of 1856, where he has since lived. 

H. L. Pearson is a son of John Pearson, who came 
from Sutton, New Hampshire, about 1806 or 1S07, after 
living in Warren, Maine, a few years. He married 
Betsey Stevens, of Sutton, New Hampshire, and settled 
in the south part of Corinth in what was known as the 
Ohio Settlement. He had eight sons and one daughter 
— two died in infancy. The names of those who arrived 
at maturity were: Thomas J., Phineas S., Henry L., 
Benjamin B., John W., Nelson P., and Statira H. He 
always after lived here in Corinth, except a few years 
spent in New Brunswick. Henry L. Pearson, the sub- 
ject of this sketch, was born in Warren, Maine, January 
3, 1805, and is, tharefore, now seventy-six years old. 
He married Ruthy Dutton, daughter of James Dutton, 
who died while she was an infant and she was brought 
up by the Hon. S. E. Dutton, of Bangor. Mr. Pearson 
settled on the farm where he now lives, about three miles 
south of the village of Corinth. He cleared up this farm, 
cutting the first tree that was cut on the present farm, 
there being but few settlements in the neighborhood. 
He is said to be the only man now living on the first 
clearing made by him in town. Mr. and Mrs. Pearson 
have had ten children, five sons and two daughters that 
arrived at maturity, viz: Henry L.; Oscar; Elizabeth, 
now Mrs. Wood, of Massachusetts; Francis Chester, 
now deceased; Emma C, now deceased; Charles, who 
now resides on the old homestead with his father; Mary 
Ellen, now Mrs. J. W. Pressey, of Biddeford ; and James 
D., of Bangor. Mr. Pearson never sought for public 
life, not caring for office. They are now spending their 
old age on the beautiful farm they made from the wilder- 
ness, cared for by their son and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. 
Charles Pearson, who have six children, two sons and 
four daughters. 

Clifford W. Shores is the son of Thomas J. Shores, 
whose father's name was James Shores, who came to 
Maine from Massachusetts in an early day. Thomas J. 
Shores married Clymenia Williams, daughter of Clifford 
Williams, of Waterville, Maine. They had two children 
— -Clifford W. and Thomas. Thomas died in infancy. 
Clifford \V., after becoming of age, engaged in the livery 
business in Waterville. He remained in this business 



3i6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



about four years, moved to Corinth in tlie year 1858, and 
settled on the place he now occupies, where he has since 
resided, except for a period of five years spent in Illinois. 
He married Adesta Roundy, daughter of John Roundy, 
of Corinth. They have two children, viz: Frank \V. and 
Kate H., aged ten and three. Mr. Shores ovifus sixty 
acres of land in this town, making a fine farm, which he 
continues to work. 

Deacon Stephen Dexter, one of the oldest living set- 
tlers of this town, is a son of Rev. Stephen Dexter, of 
Alb'ion, Kennebec county, Maine, who married Sarah 
Ward, of Harland. They had a large family of thirteen 
children, of whom Stephen, the subject of this sketch, is 
the third son and fourth child. He moved to this town 
when Stephen was seventeen, and settled in what was 
called the Hunting Settlement, where he ever afterward 
lived, and died, being the first settled Baptist minister, in 
Corinth. Deacon Stephen Dexter wjs born June 11, 
1804. He married Plooniy Pearson, daughter of Thomas 
Pearson, of Corinth. She died August 19, 1826. One 
child died in infancy. He married Ploomy Sargeant, 
daughter of Ezekiel Sargeant, of New London, New 
Hampshire, by whom he had three children, viz: Roxan- 
na A., now Mrs. Arvidson, of Placerville, California ; 
Sarah W., now Mrs. H. A. Merrill, of Bangor; Ploomy 
A., who died June 25, 1850. Mr. Dexter first settled in 
East Corinth, clearing the land cf standing trees. He 
lived there until 1855, when he moved to the Corner, and 
soon after moved to his present farm, about one-half a 
mile west of the village. He has been a member of the 
Baptist church here longer than ajiy other person, serv- 
ing as deacon for over forty years. 

William Spratt, son of William Spratt, who came into 
this town in 1824, from China, Kennebec county, Maine, 
and settled near the centre of the town of Corinth, mar- 
ried Sarah Edgerly, of Brentwood, New Hampshire. 
They had seven children, viz : John, Jane, William, 
Sarah, Mary H., Dudley D., and George W. He died 
on the farm on which he first settled, in 1836. Mrs. 
Spratt died in Patten, in 1838. William Spratt, 
the subject of this sketch, who formerly wrote 
his name William Spratt, Jr., married Permelia 
Miller, daughter of Benjamin Miller, of Barnard, Pisca- 
taquis county, Maine. They first settled in Sebec; 
moved to Corinth in 185 1, and settled on the farm 
on which he now Uves, about the center of the town. 
They have had four children, but one of whom is now 
living, viz : Erank, who lives with his father, on the old 
homestead. Mr. Spratt has a good farm of about one 
hundred acres with good buildings. 

Humphrey Nichols, son of Thomas Nichols, who 
came to this State fuom New Hampshire, his native place 
being Weare, New Hampshire, removed to Charleston, 
Penobscot county, about 1808. He married Elizabeth 
Hadlock, by whom he had fourteen children, ten of 
whom arrived at maturity, viz : Betsey, Hannah, Levi, 
Humphrey, -Mary and Sarah, twins, — Sarah, now Mrs. 
Eastman, being the only one now livmg except the sub- 
ject of this sketch; Surrenea, Abigail P., Lydia A., and 
Thomas. Mr. Nichols lived in Charleston about twelve 



years and then moved to Bangor, where he lived about 
four years, then moved to Corinth, where he ever after- 
wards lived, dying at the age of ninety-six, in the year 
1867. Mr. Humphrey Nichols was born January 13, 1807. 
He married Marcia G. Tyler, by whom he had ten chil- 
dren, eight of whom lived to maturity, viz : Walter, 
Ephraim T., Lucien B., Eugene C, B. Fairfield, Theresa 
A., Wilfred E., and Lamartine. Mr. Nichols lost his 
wife in 1S59, and married for his second wife Hannah 
Lovren, daughter of John Lovren, of Deering, New 
Hampshire. Mr. Nichols first settled where he now lives, 
in the southeast part of the town, wherehe has always lived. 
He is now postmaster in South Corinth, which office he has 
filled most of the time for thirty years. He ownsthree hun- 
dred and ten acres of land in town, and though now 
seventy-four years of age he takes much interest in the 
current news of the day and is a well-preserved man for 
his age. 

George H. Smith is a son of Nathaniel Smith, who 
came here in 1827 from New London, New Hampshire, 
and settled on the farm on which he now resides with 
his son — George H. He was a soldier in the AVar of 
181 2. He married Betsey Herrick, daughter of Jona- 
than Herrick, of New London, New Hampshire. They 
had seven children, five boys and two girls — Amelia M., 
now Mrs. Chandler; Harlos S., of Plowboy, Kansas; Ira 
H., of Winnebago City, Minnesota; Charles F., now liv- 
ing in Minneapolis, and Nancy M., now deceased. 

C. A. Robinson is a son of John L. Robinson, who 
came from Greenland, New Hampshire, and settled in 
the south part of Corinth, where he kept a hotel for 
many years. He married Sarah F. Palmer, daughter of 
Richard Palmer, of this town. They had six children, 
four boys and two girls — Edwin F., Charles A., John F., 
Frank M., Cordelia S., Ella J. John F., and Cordelia S. 
3re now deceased. Charles A., the subject of this sketch, 
was born in 1837. After receiving a common school 
education he entered the navy, serving there about two 
years. After the close of the w-ar he settled in Corinth, 
and is and has been engaged in stone-cutting, including 
both rough work and monumental. He married Louisa 
Ide in 1865. They have no children. 

Thomas G. Watson is a son of Nathaniel Watson, of 
Farmington, New Hampshire. Nathaniel Watson mar- 
ried Abigail Garland, of Middleton, New Hampshire. 
They had nine children, two sons and seven daughters — ■ 
Sophia, Betsey, Abigail, Hannah, Sarah, Lois, Lovina, 
Samuel, and Thomas G. Of these, only Samuel, Thomas, 
and Lois, are now living. Thomas G. Watson came from 
New Hampshire in 1823, and served an apprenticeship 
at the carpenter and millwright business with Moses 
Paul, of Acton. In 1829 he married Miss Sophia Came, 
daughter of Peltiah Came, of Buxton, Maine. Here he 
worked at his trade until 1831, when he moved to 
Corinth, where he has ever since lived. He has had six 
children, and buried two — one son killed in the battle of 
Pittsburg Landing, the other dying young. Mr. Watson 
has held town offices, and in 1856 was chosen by his 
townsmen to represent them in the Legislature. Mr. 
Watson has a fine farm in West Corinth, and is still a 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINlL. 



317 



hale and healthy man, never having been sick in his 
life. 

Andrew G. Fitz is a son of Moses Fitz, who was born in 
Ipswich, Massachusetts. He was a cabinet-maker by 
trade. He married Rebecca Giddings. They moved 
to Pejepscot, now Auburn, Maine, where they raised a 
family of twelve children — five boys and seven girls, viz: 
Sally, Hannah S., George G., Rebecca, Eliza, BethialiA., 
Moses, Arria, Richard T., Mary, Andrew G., Simeon P. 
Of these all are now living, except Hannah S., George 
G., Rebecca and Mary. Andrew G., was born in 
Pejepscot, now Auburn, December 10, 1812. He 
married Susan Stevens, of this town. They have had 
thirteen children, ol' whom there are now living eight, 
viz: Lauraett, now Mrs. Drown; Eliza, now Mrs. Good- 
win; Ikthiah H., now Mrs. Cool; Amos G., Frank P., 
Andrew J., Sherman G., and I.oring. Mr. Fitz settled, 
when of age, in the town of Corinth, where he has ever 
since lived. He served in the Aroostook war. He has 
been a practical surveyor, generally working more or less 
at this business every year until quite recently. He now 
lives on his farm of about sixty acres in South Cor- 
inth. 

Clark Hersey is a son of William Hersey, who came 
from Wolfboro, New Hampshire, in 1836. He married 
Betsey Hall, daughter of Joseph Hall, of New Hamp- 
shire. They had eight children — seven boys and one 
girl, viz: Josiah, Clark, Nathan, Orcutt, Eliza, Elijah, 
Merrill, and William. Clark Hersey, the second son of 
this family, was born in 1806, January 14. He came to 
Corinth in 1832, and settled in the south part of the 
town. In 1834 he married Olive Trefren, daughter of 
George Trefren, of Salem, Massachusetts. I'hey have 
had nine children — six boys and three girls, viz; I, ivy, 
George, Freeman, Eliza, Clara; the others died quite 
early. Mr. Hersey moved to his present farm, one mile 
south of East Corinth, in 1869, where he has since lived. 
He owns over three hundred acres of fine land, and 
though now and for years has been quite an invalid not 
being able to work much, yet retains his faculties well, 
and is a pleasant man to converse with. He formerly 
held important town offices, and has always been one of 
the prominent men of Corinth. 

Ira W. Davis, of East Corinth, is a son of Moses F. 
and Mary Davis, whose parents came here from New 
Hampshire when small children. They settled first in 
Exeter, where they lived about twenty years, and then 
moved to Freedom, where the subject of this sketch was 
boin in 1847. They had seven children — five boys and 
two girls, only three of whom are now living, viz : Ex- 



Governor Davis, and Mary, now Mrs. Bragg, of this 
town. Mr. Davis married Miss M. Effie Reed, of Ben- 
ton, Maine, in 1872. They have three children, viz: 
Ivy May, now eight years old ; Rethel, three years old; 
and Clyde, the baby. Mr. Davis was educated at the 
Maine Wesleyan Seminary with the class of 1870; studied 
law with Lewis Barker, of Stetson, now of Bangor, and 
finished w'ith W. P. Thompson, of Vassalboro. He 
taught school, and also engaged as Supervisor of Schools. 
He was Principal of Schools at Black Hawk, Gilpin 
county, Colorado, four years, and served as County Su- 
perintendent of Schools of that county one year. He 
moved back here in April, 1879, and settled in Corinth, 
where he now resides, practising law. 

George H. Jason, from Minneapolis, Minnesota, was 
born September 16, 1838, married Emma C. Blanchard, 
daughter of John C. Blanchard, of Corinth, and settled 
on the old homestead, about one mile south of East 
Corinth, where he has always resided. They have six 
children, viz: Celia A., Frank, Edward E., Ralph W., 
Gertie May, Horace C. He has a very fine farm of two 
hundred and twenty-five acres. He now holds the office 
of Selectman of the town. 

Dr. Jason Huckins is a son of Nathaniel Huckins, of 
Charleston, Maine. The doctor is the fourth son of a 
family of seven, five boys and two girls. He was edu- 
cated at Castleton College, Vermont, and the College of 
Physics and Surgery, of New York, graduating in 1859; 
settled in Corinth in i860, and married in 1864, Miss 
Sarah F. Dennett, daughter of Daniel Dennett, of Milo. 
They have no children. He is of the regular school of 
surgeons. He went into the army in 1862 as Assistant 
Surgeon, Twenty-second Maine Regiment, and served in 
that capacity one year. He also served as Assistant 
Surgeon-General on Governor Dingley's staff during the 
years 1874 and 1875. He has a large practice, and is 
held in high esteem by his townsmen and acquaintances. 

N. S. White is a son of Isaac White, of Dexter, Maine. 
Isaac married Mary Sampson, of Ripley, Maine. They 
had nine children, five boys and four girls, all of whom, 
except three, are still living, viz: Isaac G., Sullivan, Noah 
S., Drusilla (now Mrs. Meader, of Dexter), Augusta, Mary 
(now Mrs. Ellis, of St. Albans). N. S., the subject of 
this sketch, was born in 1S40, and married Miss Helen 
Palmer, daughter of John Palmer, of North Bangor. He 
settled on the farm wliere he now lives in 1869. They 
have one child, Cora B., now nine years old. Mr. 
White has a valuable farm about the centre of the town 
of Corinth, with a good set of farm buildings. He has 
been engaged in agriculture. 



DEXTER. 



DESCRIPTION. 

Dexter enjoys the honor of being the extreme outpost 
of the county in the northwest — that is, the northwest 
corner of the southern district of the county. It is one 
of the most important towns in Penobscot, having by the 
census of 1880, a population of 2,563. It is bounded 
on the north by Sangerville, in Piscataquis county; on 
the west by Ripley, Somerset county; on the south by 
Corinna; and on the east by Garland. It is distant from 
Bangor not thirty miles, as the Maine Register puts it, 
but nineteen and a quarter miles, in a direction due 
northwest from corner to corner of the towns. It is, 
like all of its neighbors in Piscataquis and Penobscot 
counties, pretty nearly an even township, containing 
about 20,370 acres, of which 1,200 are covered by water. 
Its boundaries are all straight lines, broken only by an 
end of Pleasant Pond, near the southeast corner, and 
slightly by Dexter Pond west of Dexter village. 

The latter water lies in two ponds, one stretching 
from a point three-fourths of a mile above the centre of 
the town to the the north part of Dexter village, one and a 
half miles. Half a mile northwest of this terminus a short 
channel about forty rods wide connects the upper lake 
with Dexter Pond proper, a fine body of water, two and 
one-third miles in length by nearly tiiree-fourths of a mile 
in breadth at the widest part. This extends to the town 
hne, two miles above the southwest corner, and a very 
short way into Ripley with a small bay. The entire 
length of the two sheets of water, taken together, is 
three and a half miles. 

Pleasant Pond comes in at the other side of the town 
nearly a mile from the southeast corner. It is a long, 
narrow sheet, in dimensions about one mile by forty 
rods. It begins at West Garland, in Garland town, and 
but forty to fifty rods of the west end of it lie in Dexter. 
The Kenduskeag Stream, whose lower part and mouth 
are familiar and valuable features of the site of Bangor, 
flows through Pleasant Pond. It takes its rise in Dexter, 
at a point midway between the center and the west line 
of the town, near School No. 3, and flows southerly and 
southeasterly to the pond at its head in Dexter, receiving 
on the way the waters of two small affluents, which effect 
a junction a few rods north of it. 

Between Pleasant and Dexter Ponds, and in the south 
central part of the town, is another small lake, lying in 
the form of an arc, about a mile long and sixty rods in 
greatest breadth. It receives two small streams near its 
head, and another near the middle of its north shore. 
Its outlet, about one and a half miles in length, is one 
of the first tributaries of the Sebasticook Stream, itself 
receiving from the south and eastward two small tribu- 

3x8 



t^ries. The Sebasticook is the outlet of the northeast 
sheet of Dexter Pond, and flowing through Dexter village 
is spread into several ponds for mills and factories. The 
power afforded by this stream was doubtless the deter- 
mining cause of the location of the village here. It re- 
ceives from the east a petty branch and the outlet afore- 
said, and flows by a south course into Corinna. West of 
it, in the southwest angle of the town, three other brooks 
have their heads, and flow in Dexter a distance of one to 
one and a half miles. In the opposite or southeast 
angle of the town, one of the tributaries of the Alder 
Stream has its head and part of its course. 

Watering the north part of Dexter, and coursing along 
and near the county line, is the main stream. The head- 
waters of this are in Garland. It enters Dexter almost 
exactly at the northeast corner, and flows through a 
length of more than six miles on the border of the town, 
leaving it for Sangerville three-fourths of a mile west of 
the northwest corner. It welcomes six small tributaries 
on the way. Near its exit ])asses another brook, which 
flows nearly two miles in this town to the northwestward, 
and passes into Ripley. The half dozen small streams 
about the head of Dexter Pond, and the four received 
on the north shore of its main body, comi)lete the enu- 
meration of waters in the town. About twelve hundred 
acres of the town are covered by its lakes, Dexter Pond 
alone taking five hundred. 

The wagon-roads mostly radiate from Dexter village — 
one to the northeast, running across a corner of Garland 
into Piscataquis county, and intersected by two north and 
south roads; one to the northwest, across the channel 
connecting the two parts of Dexter Pond, and separating 
into two branches half a mile beyond it, both going 
north to Sangerville, and one crossing the Dexter road 
and following the north shore of the pond into Ripley 
two others running west and southwest into Ripley on 
the other side of the pond, connected by a cross-road 
about two-thirds of a mile from the town line, and two 
roads into Corinna, striking off from the southernmost of 
them, one of which has a short branch directly into the 
village ; another to the southeastward and eastward, 
passing into Garland, and intersected by one north and 
south road near the village, and by three cross-roads, twu 
of which go into Corinna, and one southeastward across 
the corner of Garland into Exeter and toward Bangor ; 
and still another eastward road, which branches on the 
edge of the village, the two highways it forms running 
with a general distance of about three-quarters of a mile 
apart into Garland. All the roads within the town, ex- 
cept some short neighborhood tracks, are thus compre- 
hensively described. The road on the south town line, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



319 



[lowever, beginning at the southeast corner, and running 
:he whole, width of the town into Somerset should be 
mentioned. 

At or near the most important road-junctions school- 
aouses are situated; and mills, factories, and shops are 
lunierous in the town, particularly at Dexter village.. At 
;his place are also the Town Hall ; Regular Baptist, Free- 
ivill Baptist, Episcopal, Methodist and Union churches; 
I high school and two other school-houses ; a common 
jr public square in the north part, a cemetery in the 
iouth, and two other cemeteries east of the village. 
rhere is also a small cemetery two miles north of the 
tillage. Nearly all parts of the town are well populated, 
■iouth Dexter is hardly a village,' but rather a pretty 
dense settlement along the road on the line between 
Dexter and Corinna, for about a mile from the southeast 
-orner of the town. 

A HANDSOME CO^rPLIMENT. 

The following remarks, complimentary to this town, 
ire made in Coolidge & Mansfield's History and Descrip- 
;ion of New England: 

Dexter is a fine specimen of a New England town, abounding in 
lills. vales, and ponds, and is regarded as among the best farming 
owns in the coimty, though it is more generally known for its excellent 
.valer-power and the general thrift and enterprise of its inhabitants. 
rhe village lies at the outlet of a beautiful pond of about one thousand 
icres. fed entirely by springs, furnishing a safe and unfailing water- 
K)wer, never affected by freshets or drought. The fall in this pond is 
jne hundred and fifty feet in three-quarters of a mile, there being nine 
fnproved privileges within the distance, turning sixteen large wheels, 
vhich propel a great variety of machinery. 

This was in 1859. 

SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT. 

Dexter is situated on the summit or height of land 
forming the divide between the Penobscot and the Kenne- 
bec Rivers. It is said to have been surveyed as early as 
1772, but was not settled for nearly thirty years. Finally, 
in the spring of 1801, several settlements were begun in 
;his tract. It is probably not now known who was the 
first to break the soil or forest within the present limits 
af the town; but Ebenezer Small, who had immigrated 
from Gilmanton, New Hampshire, is usually credited with 
bringing in the first family. An immigrant named Elkins 
was also doubtless among the earliest, as the settlement 
was first called Elkinstown. A considerable immigration 
from various paits of New Hairipshire set in. Among 
the new comers were Joseph Treker, Seba French, 
William Mitchell, Simeon and John Stafford, and the 
Shepley, Smith and Maxwell families. Several families 
also came in from the west of the District of Maine. 
One of the oldest settlers, Mr. Jeremiah Abbot, has con- 
tinued to reside in the town to an extreme old age. 

The first physician in the region was Dr. Burleigh, 
from Sandwich, New Hampshire, who occupied the first 
house that was painted within the present limits of Dexter. 

ORGANIZATION', ETC. 

It has already been mentioned that this township was 
surveyed in 1772. It was Township No. 4, of the Fifth 
Range. In 1803 its boundaries were established and the 
tract partitioned into lots, after a plan prepared by Sim- 
eon Stafford, and divided among the settlers. It seems, 



however, to have remained nominally the property of the 
State, since it was not formally granted by the General 
Court until March 13, 1804, when Amos Pond and eight 
associates became grantees of the township. 

"Elkinstown" subsisted as a popular and plantation 
name until 1816, when, on the 17th of June of that year 
(anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill), the planta- 
tion became a town by act of incorporation, under the 
name of Dexter. It w-as so called as a tribute of respect 
to the Hon. Samuel Dexter, of Boston, who was exten- 
sively interested in it. It was the two hundred and sev- 
enteenth town erected in the district. 

GROWTH. 

The population of Elkinstown in 1810 was 136. Dex- 
ter had 461 in 1820 (a rate of increase — 240 per cent. — 
scarcely paralleled by any other part of the country dur- 
ing any similar period), 885 in 1830, 1,464 in 1840, 
1,948 in 1850, 2,363 in i860, 2,875 '" 1870, and 2,563 
in 1880. 

The number of polls in Dexter in 1820 was 95 ; in 
i860, 403; in 1870, 611; in 18S0, 679. 

The valuation of estates for these several years was 
$27.39o> $465,023, $1,006,966, and $963,029. But 
$331.20 were reported in 1812. 

In 1818 the first post-otTice in the town was established. 
It was supplied by a mail carried once a week on horse- 
back from Bangor to Skowhegan. 

A MEMORABLE TORNADO. 

The hurricane of 1848 was probably the most destruc- 
tive that ever occurred in these parts. It tore up many 
of the largest trees by the roots, and crushed some of the 
most strongly built structures in the town. The aggre- 
gate destruction wrought by it was immense. 

THE CHURCHES. 

The Universalists seem to have had the pioneer reli- 
gious society in this town. At all events, theirs was the 
first meeting-house erected in Dexter. It was put up in 
1829. The denomination has two resident clergy in the 
town — Rev. J. E. Clark, pastor in charge, and Rev. J. F. 
Witherell, without charge. 

The Congregational church of Dexter was organized 
July 22, 1834. It has no resident clergyman at present, 
but is dependent upon supplies, as are also the Catholic, 
and the Advent people, both of which denominations 
have societies in the town. 

The Calvinistic or Regular Baptist is likewise vacant 
just now. Elder Jason Mariner fills the Free Baptist 
pulpit; the Rev. Thomas Marsden is rector of the Prot- 
estant Episcopal church; and the Rev. G. R. Palmer was 
last year in charge of the Methodist Episcopal society. 

BANKS AND NEWSPAPER. 

The Dexter Savings bank was organized December 16, 
1867. November i, 1880, it reported deposits and profits 
to the amount of $147,631.80, with 1,156 depositors and 
a special reserve fund of $53,873.81. Mr. A. F. Bradbury 
is President of the bank, and George Hamilton, Treas- 
urer. 

Dexter has the only National bank in the county, out- 



320 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



side of Bangor. It has a capital of $100,000. Charles 
Shaw is President and C. W. Curtis, Cashier. 

The Dexter Gazette is published every Friday at the 
village, by Mr. M. F. Herring. Some history of it is 
comprised in the chapter on the Press of Penobscot 
County, in the first division of this work. 

ASSOCIATIONS. 

The principal of these in this town are the Penobscot 
Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons; the St. John's 
Royal Arch Chapter; the Plymouth Lodge, No. 165, of 
Odd Fellows ; the H. T. Safford Post, No. 8, of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, organized October 16, 
1874; Dexter Grange, No. 155, of the Patrons of Hus- 
bandry; Dexter Lodge, Independent Order of Good 
Templars; the Dexter Reform Club, and the Dexter 
Cornet Band. 

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 

One of the most notable institutions of Dexter is the 
Town Library, which contains about one thousand five 
hundred volumes. Mr. A. Spingall is the librarian. 

The only post-office in the town is that established 
long ago at Dexter village. Mr. H. L. Wood is the 
postmaster. 

The Dexter Park Association, which has a driving or 
racing ground near the village, was incorporated February 
4, 1874. 

About the same time (February 20, 1874) was incor- 
porated the Dexter Cheese Factory. 

Other manufactories are the Dexter Woolen Mills and 
that of the World's Fair Churn. Five establishments are 
manufacturing lumber, two have grist-mills, five boots 
and shoes, two carriages, one doors, sash, and blinds, 
furniture, coffins and caskets, two clothing, three tin- 
ware, three cooperage, one leather, one marble, one 
stoves. and plows, one medicines, one shovel handles, 
and one soap. 

There are in the town about fifty merchants in the 
different lines of merchandizing, five resident lawyers 
(one of these, the Hon. Josiah Crosby, was President of 
the State Senate in 186S), four notaries, five physicians, 
three dentists, one auctioneer, two insurance agents, two 
livery-stable keepers, three barbers, four watch-repairers, 
two tailors, two photographers, one printer, three paint- 
ers, one millwright and machinist, five dressmakers, four 
"boss "-carpenters and builders, five blacksmiths, one 
baker, and other tradesmen and artisans. 

Two hotels — the Merchants' Exchange and the Dex- 
ter House — are kept in the town, besides three dining- 
rooms. 

Two stage-lines are run from Dexter village — one to 
Dover and Foxcroft, by W. G. Merrill, proprietor of the 
Merchants' Exchange, and the other to Moosehead 
Lake, by H. A. Ayer. 

TOWN OFFICERS FOR 1880. 

Nathan F. Roberts, Eben M. Tibbetts, L. M. Hasel- 
tine, Selectmen; Levi Bridgham, Town Clerk; Hiram 
Bassett, Treasurer; Allen Merrill, Constable and Collec- 
tor; Willard B. Goff, D. W. McCrillis, Constables; J. 
Eugene Clarke, School Supervisor. 



Justices — Josiah Crosby, Charles'^W. Curtis, Morrill 
Sprague, N. Wyman, George Hamilton, T. H. P. Pierce, 
L. B. Waldron, Quorum; P. McCrillis, Joseph Sanborn, 
V. A. Sprague, Josiah Crosby, J. M. Jordan, Trial; V. A. 
Sprague, N. Wyman, Dedimus. 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

The following honorable notice was given one of the 
most celebrated of the' sons of Dexter in the late war, in 
one of the Adjutant-General's Reports for the war-period; 

Brigadier-General Lysander Cutler, of ihe Army of the Potomac, in 
early life came to Maine from Massachusetts, and settled in Dexter. 
.-\t the time of the difficulties growing out of the northeastern bound- 
ary question, lie was Lieutenant-Colonel of a regiment sent to the 
frontier. In 1857 he went to Wisconsin, where at the breaking out of 
the war he was appointed to the command of the .Si.xth Wisconsin 
Regiment of Infantry, composed largely of Eastern men. The regi- 
ment was attached to the .\rmy of the Potomac, and afterward to the 
command of General McDowell on the Rappahannock. It was in the 
second battle of Bull Run, where its commander received a dangerous 
wound in the thigh. Upon his recovery he was appointed to the com- 
mand of a brigade in the Army of the Potomac. At the battle of 
Gettysburg Cjeneral Cutler led the first column that engaged in the 
strife, under the command of Major-General Reynolds, who was killed, 
and he was actively engaged in the whole of that terrible and decisive 
struggle, losing three horses which were shot from under him, but es- 
caping himself unharmed. 

Stanley Adelbert Plummer, a native of Dexter, born in 
F'ebruary, 1846, is mentioned in the Roll of Honor of 
Bowdoin College as having been a graduate of its class of 
1867, and serving one year in the "unassigned in- 
fantry" during the late war. 

Mr. Job Abbott, of Dexter, the Superintendent and 
half owner of the woolen-mill at De.xter, is a son of Jer- 
emiah Abbott, of Andover, Massachusetts. Jeremiah 
Abbott came to Dexter in 1820, and engaged in farming. 
He bought the water privilege here, and was prominent 
in the early history of the town. He married Lucy Saf- 
ford, of this town, daughter of John Safford. Their fam- 
ily consisted of two daughters, beside the subject of 
this sketch — Hannah, and Olive xA, not married. Mr. 
Abbott died July 21, 1879; Mrs. Abbott died September 
26, 1866. Job Abbott, the subject of this sketch, was 
born December 15, 1827, in Dexter. His father had 
built and was running the mills here when Job was old 
enough to go to work. He received a common and high 
school education, and has, since becoming of age, always 
been connected with the mill here, until he is now one 
of the proprietors and acting superintendent. He mar- 
ried Amanda L. Field, of Carmel. They have two chil- 
dren — Arthur P., and Helen G. 

Joseph M. Hazeltine, of Dexter, is a son of William 
and Hannah (Sturtevant) Hazeltine, who came from New 
Hampshire and settled in De.xter, in 1820. He was born 
in New Portland, New Hampshire, in 1792. Mrs. 
Hazeltine was born in 1798. Mr. Hazletine was a far- 
mer, and a soldier in the War of 1812. The only surviv- 
ing member of his family, besides James M., is Mrs. 
Lovinia Mitchell, now residing in Troy, Minnesota. Mr. 
Hazeltine died in 1875, and Mrs. Hazeltine in 187 1. 
Joseph M. Hazeltine married Ro'xanna Merrill, Decem- 
ber 31, 1846. Their family consists of two daughters, 
living now at home. They have buried one daughter. 




*•'■ Abbott U Co 



EsTAULisHEi) 1830. 



ABBOTfs Woollen Mills, Dexter. Maine, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Mr. Hazeltine has been a farmer, but now resides in the 
village of Dexter. 

Mr. George Hamilton, Treasurer of the Dexter Savings 
Bank, wtis born in Dexter, December ii, 1824. His 
father, Robert Hamilton, was a native of Ireland, and 
came to Dexter about 1S20. He married Mary Semple 
before leaving the old country, but left soon after for 
Anieric.i. Their family consisted of ten children, seven 
sons and three daughters — James S., deceased; Hugh, 
deceased; John, now of Dexter; George; Mary S., de- 
ceased; Margaret, wife of David M. Coats, of Minne- 
opolis, Minnesota; \\"illiam P., now in Minnesota; 
Samuel, living in Dexter; Isabella, married Elijah 
Simonds, of Oxford, Massachusetts; and Joseph, now 
living in Mirinesota. George Hamilton, on arriving 
it age, engaged in trade here in Dexter. He has 
always resided here and engaged in trace until the for- 
mation of the Dexter & Newport Railroad. He devoted 
some years to that, and is at present treasurer of the 
company. While in trade here he was for eight years 
postmaster. Mr. Hamilton has long been prominent in 
town affairs, serving as School Commissioner, Selectman, 
etc., for many years. In March, 1878, he was elected 
Treasurer of the Dexter Savings Bank, in which position 
we now find him. He is also one of the Directors, and 
VicePresident of the First National Bank of Dexter. He 
was elected to the Legislature in 1876, and served 
(luring the winter of 1S76-77. Mr. Hamilton married 
Sarah F. Coolidge, daughter of Cornelius Coolidge, one 
of the early settlers of this town. Mr. Hamilton died 
July 15,1881, leaving one daughter, Sarah A. 

W'iUiam Eaton was born in Weare, New Hampshire, 
September 6, 1802, and emigrated from that State to 
Dexter in 1824. He continued to reside here until his 
death, April 25, 1881. He was married the year 
after his arrival here, January 29, 1S25, to Julia Ann 
Haines, whose natal day was November 6, 180S. They 
had children, who survive, as follow: William L. Eaton, 
now of San Francisco, California; Julia A., now Mrs. 
Waters, of the same place; Walter I). Eaton, of Chelsea, 
Massachusetts, and Florence S., now Mrs. Herrick, of 
De.Uer. Mr. Eaton was a clothier, and ultimately be- 
<-ame a merchant. He was no politician or office-seeker; 
was honorable and square in all his dealings, and always 
paid his debts. 

Nathaniel Dustin, of Dexter, is a descendant of the 
heroic Hannah Dustin, so famed in the Indian history of 
Massachusetts. He is a son of Nathaniel and Jerusha 
(Murch) Dustm. Nathaniel Dustin was a son of John 
Dustin, and was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, but 
his father moved to Vermont while Nathaniel was but a 
lad. He lived also in New Hampshire. He was a 
' irmer and lived to be sixty-nine years old dying in 
' helmsford, Mass. Mrs. Dustin lived to be eighty-four. 
1 heir family consisted of three sons and one daughter : 
Benjamin F., deceased in the army; Nathaniel, Diantha, 
deceased; Daniel H., died in Minnesota, though tempo- 
rarily there as an attorney for the Government, ere Min- 
nesota became a State. Nathaniel Dustin was born 
November 24, 1S14, in Bradford, Vermont. He lived 

4' 



in New Hampshire until he was nineteen years old, 
when he went to Lowell and worked in the Middlesex 
factory for two years. He came from Lowell to Dexter 
in 1836, and has since lived here. For a time he was 
employed in the factories here as a finisher, sorter, etc. 
After leaving the mill he went into trade and also en- 
gaged in farming. He is at present proprietor of the 
foundry and machine shop, also has a hardware store. 
Mr. Dustin married Sarah Jumper, daughter of James 
and Sally Jumper, of Dexter, early settlers of the town. 
They have three sons living and have lost four. The 
living are William H., Frank E., and George; all with 
their father in business in Dexter. Mr. Dustin has long 
been one of the prominent men of the town. He has 
often served on the board of Selectmen, was for many 
years Postmaster and in 1S71 was a member of the Leg- 
slature. He is a Director in the Dexter & Newport 
Railroad, also a Director in the First National Bank, 
and one of the trustees in the Savings Bank. 

Arthur B. Safford, Esq., of Dexter, is a son of Simeon 
and Sarah (Washburn) Safford. Simeon Safford was born 
in Dexter. His father's name was also Simeon, a native 
of New Hampshire. Simeon and Sarah Safford had 
eight children, viz: Axcia, deceased; Gancelo, now in 
Dexter; Wealthy, deceased; Arthur B. Ronoisco, of Dex- 
ter; John, now living in Michigan, and .\nnie, deceased. 
Mr. Safford was in the lumber business in Abbott, and 
owned a mill there. He is still living in Corinna as is 
also Mrs. Safford. Arthur B. Safford was born February 
26, 1837, in Abbott, Maine. He learned the machinist's 
trade and worked at that business until about 1863, 
when he went to Cuba and engaged in the manufacture 
of sugar. Since that time he has spent the winter there 
each year, though he comes to Dexter during the hot sea- 
son. He has a fine home in Dexter. Mr. Safford mar 
ried Hannah Fifield, daughter of Captain John M. Fifield, 
of Dexter. They have no family. Two of his brothers, 
John and Gancelo, were killed in the army. 

Milton L. Abbott, of Dexter, one of the partners in 
the Abbott Woolen-mill, is a son of Pascal and Hannah 
(Foster) .\bbott. Pascal Abbott was a native of An- 
dover, Massachusetts. He was Ibrmerly a manufacturer 
of woolens in Andover, and came from there to Dexter • 
in 1847, and became interested wiih his brothers, Jere- 
miah, Amos, and Joshua Abbott, in the mill here. Pas- 
cal Abbott had two wives. By his first wife, Mary Ab- 
bott, he had one daughter, deceased. By his second 
wife he had three sons, viz : Isaac F., deceased; Milton 
L., and Pascal J., of Dexter. .Mr. Abbott died about 
1861. Mrs. Abbott is still living in Tilton, New Hamp- 
shire, at the advanced age of eighty-six. Milton 
L. Abbott was born October 21, 183S, in Andover, 
Massachusetts. He came to Dexter at the age 
of ten with his father. Here he has since lived, and for 
business has always been connected with the mills in 
some capacity. He married Miss Julia Sewall, daughter 
of Rev. Daniel Sewall, and granddaughter of Rev. 
Jotham Sewall, one of the founders of Bangor Theologi- 
cal Seminary. Mr. and Mrs. Abbott have two children, 
Edwards, and Winnie \\'. In 1879 and iSSo Mr. Ab- 



322 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



bott was elected member of the Legislature to represent 
this town and Corinna. 

Mr. Loring D. Hayes, of Dexter, is a son of John and 
Martha (Fifield) Hayes. John Hayes was a native of 
New Hampshire and a farmer. He married Martha 
Fifield. Their family consisted of eight children, six 
sons and two daughters: John W., deceased; Charles, 
deceased; Mary J., Loring D., Seneca P., Elmira, and 
Franklin, deceased. Mr. Hayes moved from New 
Hampshire to Garland in 1800, and was one of the first 
settlers in the town. Loring D. Hayes, the subject of 
this sketch, spent his boyhood on the farm. He first 
engaged in business himself in Garland, where he kept a 
store for eight years. His first move from Garland was 
to this town in 185 i. Here he was engaged in the dry 
goods and grocery business for fifteen years. In 1867 
he bought tlie Exchange Hotel and kept it for nine years, 
at the end of which time he again engaged in trade and 
has since continued in the dry goods and grocery bus- 
iness. Mr. Hayes married Miss Lizzie S. Higgins. They 
have one son, Franklin. In 1S50 Mr. Hayes represented 
Garland and Exeter in the Legislature. 

Dr. G. B. Clough, of Dexter, was born in Readfield, 
Maine. His parents, Jacob and Hannah (Barilett) 
Clough, were natives of Readfield. His grandfather, 
Jabez Clough, came from New Hampshire. Jacob 
Clough was a shoemaker by trade, and had ten [children, 
of whom Oilman B. was the second son. He (Oilman) 
was early taught the shoemaker's art, but did not find 
the business congenial to his taste. At the age of six- 
teen he entered Dr. Hill's office, in Augusta, and began 
the study of medicine, attending the High School at the 
same time. Tiiis was at the time the first term of the 
High School was opened in that city and he was a mem- 
ber of the first class. He remained in Dr. Hill's office 
over nine years and then w^ent to New York and attend- 
ed lectures at the Medical LTniversity, now Bellevue Hos 
pital. From there he went to Augusta and soon we find 
him attending lectures at Brunswick, in the Medical De- 
partment of Bowdoin College, from which he was grad- 
uated in 1856. The next year, 1857, he came to Dex- 
ter and located. Here he has ever since lived. In the 
practice of his profession he is successful, and is widely 
known in this section of the State. He married Miss 
Ellen Norton, of Mount Vernon, Maine. They have 
one son, Horace by name, and have lost a daughter. 

Nathan F. Roberts, of Dexter, is a son of Amos Rob- 
erts, of Buckfield, in Oxford county. Amos Roberts 
was a farmer and shoemaker and married Christina 
Byerson, of the same place. Their family consisted of 
thirteen children. Of this large family ten grew to 
womanhood and manhood. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts are 
still living in Dexter, where he has lived for several 
years. He formerly lived in Sumner, Oxford county. 
He is now eighty years old. Nathan Roberts, the oldest 
son of the family, was born October 2, 1825, in Sumner, 
Oxford county. He spent his early life on the farm, 
and on becoming of age he worked about at the shoe 
business most of the time until 1858, when he went into 
the boot and shoe business in Dexter. He manufac- 



tured and retailed boots and shoes. Here he has since ' 
lived. He does not now manufacture, but confines him- 
self to the retail business. He also handles sewing ma- 
chines. Mr. Roberts is at preser.t one of the Selectmen ; 
of the town, and lias previously served in that office. ', 
He married Miss Augusta Parshley, daughter of Gil- 
bert D. Parshley, of Dexter. Their family consists of 
four children, viz: Frank E., now in the boot and shoe 
business in Brunswick, Maine; Nathan E., now in San 
Francisco; Charles!)., with his father in the store; Mary 
A., wife of J. Willis Haynes, of this town. 

Menzies F. Herring, editor and publisher of the Dex- 
ter Gazette, is a son of John R. and Julia A. (Parshley) 
Herring. He was born October 14, 1857. His father 
is a carpenter, now living in Dexter. Menzies is an only . 
son and child. He learned the printer's trade in the 
office of the Gazette, and has lived here all his life except 
one winter spent in Augusta in the Journal office and one 
summer in Newport in the office of the Newport News. 
He came back to Dexter in 1878 and went in as part- 
ner, and in 1879 bouglit out the establisliraent, since 
which time he has been editor and publisher. This is 
the only paper published in the northwest part of the 
county. All its rivals in this section of the county have 
existed but for a season and then have quietly withdrawn 
from the field, while the Gazette has not only lived but 
prospered and is now a recognized power in this section! 
of the county, politically Republican. Mr. Herringi: 
married Nellie E. Baker, daughter of Benson and Mary 
E. Baker, ofOldtown. 

Flenry L. Wood, Postmaster of Dexter, was born in 
Yorkshire, England, February 23, 1832. His father, 
James Wood, woolen manufacturer, married Betty 
Wood. They had seven children that lived to maturity,! 
viz: Thomas, ^Villiam, Henry L., James W., Hervey, Sal- 
ly, and Louise. Mr. Wood had ol'ten been in this coun- 
try but never lived here. He died in 1878. Mrs. 
Wood died previously, about 1863. Henry L., the third 
son of this family, after receiving a common school edu- 
cation, engaged in the woolen business in Massacliu- 
setts and afterwards in this town, having moved here in 
1858. Since then he has lived here except the time he 
spent in the army. September 10, 1862, he enlisted ini 
Company E, Twenty-second Maine Volunteers. He 
was elected captain and served in that cajaacity until 
August the next year. This regiment was in the De- 
partment of the Gulf, and was in the siege of Port Hud- 
son and other engagements in that Department. In 
1864 he again enlisted, and after serving as private six 
months was again elected captain of Company H, 
Twelfth Maine Volunteers. He served in this capacity 
until March, 1866, after the close of the war being en-i 
gaged in reconstruction duty in the Department ol 
Georgia. Returning to Dexter in 1866 he went into: 
business with Mr. N. Dustin as partner under the titlei 
of N. Dustin & Company. This firm continued 
two years or more, Mr. Wood being Assistant Post- 
master for Mr. Dustin. In July, 1869, he was com-, 
missioned as Postmaster and has held the office evei 
since. Mr. Wood married Mary Buckley, of Saddle' 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



323 



worth Parish, England. This family consists of one son 
and three daughters, viz: Lizzie I., Mary L., Imogene 
M., and H. Stanley. 

Charles W. Morse, the well-known marble cutter of 
Dexter, is a son of Zebulon and Elizabeth (Weeks) 
Morse. Zebulon Morse was a native of Wareham, "Mas- 
sachusetts. He came to Maine when a child. He was 
a shoemaker by trade, though he owned a farm. He 
lived for a while in Augusta. His family consisted of 
five children, three sons and two daughters, viz : Martha 
M., wife of Samuel Kendall, of Mt. Vernon, Maine; 
Charles W.; Franklin N., now in California; Henry T., 
of Augusta; and Elizabeth, now Mrs. G. F. Mason, of 
Auburn, Maine. Mr. Morse died March 31, 1S72. 
Mrs. Morse died September to, 1878. Charles \V. 
Morse was born June iS, 1824, in Farmington, Maine. 
He learned the marble cutters trade when a young man, 
in Mohawk, New Yoik, but went into business for him- 
self at Auyusta, Maine, where he lived three years. 
After this he worked tor others for several years. In 
1867 he went into business at Bradford, where he lived 
five years, and then came to Dc.xter in 1872, since which 
time he has lived here. The firm is Morse cSc Bridges. 
They employ five men and turn out a large amount of 
work. Mr. Morse married Ann M. Boston, daughter of 
Franklin Boston. They have two children, one son and 
a daughter: Charles E. and Ella L., wife of F. E. Dustin. 

Colonel Walter G. Morrill, of Dexter, the proprietor of 
the Merchants' Exchange Hotel, is a son of Aaron H. 
Morrill, of Sebec, Piscataquis county, Maine. His 
grandfather's name wqis Peter Morrill. Aaron Morrill 
married Eliza A. Willard, daughter of John C. Willard, 



a native of New York State. Their family consisted of 
seven children, of whom Walter is the third child and 
second son. He was born, November 13, 1840, in \Vil- 
liamsburg, Piscataquis county, Maine. His father being 
a farmer, Walter spent his boyhood on the farm. In 
1 86 1 he enlisted in the Sixth Maine Regiment. He was 
with this regiment until August, 1862. when he was pro- 
moted to the Second Lieutenancy, and in April, 1863, to 
Captaincy, and July, 1864, to Major, and February, 1865, 
to Lieutenant-Colonel, and had command of the regi- 
ment from that time until the close of the war, and 
came home in command of the regiment. At the close 
of the war he bought a farm in Hampden, where he 
lived till June, 1867, when he went to Brownville and 
engaged in trade for a year. In 1868 he opened in 
Brownville the Highland Slate Quarry. He sold the 
quarry in 1869, but continued in charge of it until June, 
1S70. In 1871 he engaged again in trade in Brownville, 
and continued for eight months. At the same time he 
built a set of buildings in Brownville. In 1872 he was 
engaged as agent for the Highland Slate Quarry Com- 
pany, selling their goods in Bangor; and continued either 
as agent or contractor for the company until 1874. In 
1876 he came to Dexter and rented the large hotel here 
known as the Merchants' Hotel. Here he has since 
lived. Mr. Morrill married Miss Rachel S. Carl, of 
Hampden. She died in 1866, and Mr. Morrill married 
for his second wife Amanda M. Berry, of Brownville. 
He has one son by his first wife and one by his second, 
named Fred C. and James B. Colonel Morrill keeps 
one of the best hotels in the county, and the largest out- 
side of Bangor. 



DIXMONT. 



DESCRIPTION. 

Dixmont enjoys an honor similar to Dexter, occupying 
a location at an extreme corner of the county — the south- 
west. It is not, however, directly south of Dexter, the 
break in the west line of the county bringing Troy, a 
town in Waldo, about three miles under the south line of 
Plymouth, and upon territory which would seem to be- 
long to Penobscot. Dixmont is thus bounded on the west 
by the said Troy; on the north by Plymouth and Etna; on 
the east by Newburg; and on the south by Jackson and 
Monroe, in Waldo county. Its form is rectangular, but 



made slightly trapezoidal by the gentle divergence of the 
south line of the county fiom exact parallelism with the 
range lines to the noithward. 'I'he east line of the town 
is but five and a half miles long ; the west one-half mile 
longer, or the regular township length. The north and 
south boundaries are of nearly equal length — about five 
and a half miles. The town is just twelve miles from 
Bangor, by measurement on the extension of its north 
line to the south line of the latter place. The Penobscot 
River approaches a little nearer, however, at one or tw'O 
points in Hanrpden. It is on the old stage-route from 



324 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Bangor to Unity and Augusta, which runs through it. 

The leading wagon-roads of Dixmont naturally come 
in from the direction of Bangor. The northernmost, 
crossing into Newburg at the corner of Hampden, com- 
pletely traverses that town and Dixmont, in the latter 
town at a general distance of about two-thirds of a mile 
from the north line. It passes the hainlet formerly 
known as Northeast Dixmont Post-office, one and a half 
miles from the east town line. This place is a little more 
than a mile from the east line of the town. Not quite 
two miles due west, the road passes the foot of Skinner 
Pond ; and midway between that and the west town line, 
nearly one and a half miles distant from each, is the 
North Dixmont village and post-office. The road thence 
runs west of south into Troy. Schools No. 8 and lo, 
the latter near North Dixmont, and another near the foot 
of Skinner Pond, are on this road. From this neighbor- 
hood two roads, one on each side of the outlet, run north- 
ward — one into Plymouth and one into Etna, with a short 
link connecting them across the outlet. From School No. 
8, at Northeast Dixmont, a short route northwestward in- 
tersects a north and south road at the Etna line, which 
latter road ends at the main highway half a mile south- 
east of the old post-office. 

Through North Dixmont passes another high-road, 
with a general north and south direction, cutting the 
town throughout, from Plymouth to Jackson. Three 
miles due south of North Dixuiont is another important 
cross-road, where is situated Dixmont village, also having 
a post-office. Half a mile below North Dixmont is a 
school-house, from which a road runs a mile east 
and half a mile north, when it joins the highway first 
mentioned. A Union church and cemetery, with a 
school on the same large lot, are situated a little off this 
road at Dixmont, another school a mile and a half be- 
low, and still another a mile west of this, hard upon the 
east town line. On this line a road, with two short 
branches, runs for some distance and then strikes into the 
interior to Dixmont post-otfice. A brief neighborhood 
road also runs back from each of the two school-houses 
last indicated. 

The east and west road through Dixmont comes m 
from the Bangor way, but by a diagonal course across the 
central part of Newburg, and a nearly due west path 
across Dixmont with Ripley. Nearly three miles in the 
interior, at the crossing of a north and south road run- 
ning very nearly across the town, is the Dixmont Centre 
post-office, with a rather thick settlement stretching each 
way from its former road. Not quite half a mile west of 
the post-office, where another south road coines in from 
Jackson, is a school-house, and a little way beyond it the 
Town House; half a mile beyond that and near Dixmont 
village, a cemetery. East of Dixmont Centre the road 
passes on the north shore of a small lake for about two- 
thirds of a mile, and a school-house half a mile beyond 
its eastern end. 

The road from the Etna town line to Northeast Dix- 
mont is continued with a slight break at that place, south- 
ward a little more than a mile to another dense settle- 
ment, where another east and west road is crossed, a^i-i 



where a school and union church (and formerly a post- 
office) are situated, and a little to the southwest, upon a 
mile and a half road connecting this through Dixmont 
Centre, is a cemetery. Nearly a mile and a half further 
the road from Northeast Dixmont crosses the Dixmont 
Centre route near the head of the little lake, and thence 
runs southeastward and southward, with two short breaks, 
to East Dixmont village and post-ofifice, which is almost 
in the extreme southeast corner of the town. Here are 
a Masonic hall, a cemetery, a church, and a school; nearly 
one and one-half miles west is School No. 4. Other 
schools and churches, with mills and shops, probably 
sufficient for its present needs, are scattered through the 
town. 

The only water of size in Dixmont is Skinner's Pond 
in the central north part of the town, lying from north to 
south, one and one-half iniles long by nearly one-half 
mile at its greatest breadth, with an island almost exactly 
in the middle. Ten of the streams of the town, none of 
them large, but including the headwaters and the outlet 
of the pond at Dixmont Centre,. discharge their waters 
into this sheet. Its own outlet runs west of north into 
Plymouth, with a course of two-thirds of a mile in Dix- 
mont. In the southeastern part of the town head three 
brooks that run into Waldo county; in the southwestern 
part one that traverses nearly the whole western side of 
the town and flows into Plymouth near the outlet of 
Skinner Pond; near the mill-pond it forms at North 
Dixmont another creek running to Plymouth has its ; 
source; one little stream running into Etna rises in the 
northeast angle; and nearly two miles down the east line 
and a little in the interior heads one of the Newburg 
waters, and another close to the Winn line, more than a 
mile below. Martin's Stream runs through the north- 
west part of the town. Butman's Pond, in this town, 
named frorn the old settler, covers about forty acres. Its 
outlet to the pond in Plymouth is called Butuian's Stream. 

The mountainous character of at least some part (the 
south) of Dixmont is hinted by the latter half of its 
name. Harris Mountain, in this town, is eleven hundred 
and sixty feet above the level of the sea. An observa- 
tory was erected in 1854 upon its summit, under the 
direction of Professor A. D. Bache, Superintendent of 
the Coast Survey. Peak's Mountain, m the eastern part 
of the town, is on the summit or divide between the Pe- 
nobscot and Kennebec Rivers. 

The eastern half of Dixmont is more densely settled 
than almost any other part of Penobscot county, away . 
from Bangor. Few tracts of size remain unoccupied. , 
The settlements are naturally most numerous about Dix- 
mont Centre, East Dixmont, Northeast Dixmont, and 
Simpson's Corner. The western half, which contains 
Dixmont and North Dixtnont villages, may also be con- 
sidered as tolerably well settled. By the last census the 
whole town had 1,132 people. 

THE BEGINNINGS. 

In the original surveys, this township was No. 3, of the 
first range north of the Waldo Patent. Its survey was 
made by the well known Moses Hodsdon. It was among 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



32s 



the grants made by the State of Massachusetts in aid of 
Bowdoin College, and from this circumstance took its 
original plantation name of "CoUegetown." The trus- 
tees of the college presentl)' made sale of the whole of it 
to two purchasers — Dr. Elijah Dix, of Boston, who 
bought nearly the whole tract, twenty thousand and forty 
acres, for $21,431; and John J. Blaisdell, of Parsons- 
field, Maine, who purchased the remaining three thou- 
sand acres, at one dollar per acre. He was unable to 
make his payments at maturity, and his purchase reverted 
presently to the college. Dr. Dix held on to his tract, 
and sold it out to settlers. He never himself resided in 
the town, but frequently made visits here; and during 
one of these, in May, 1809, he died in Dixmont, and 
was buried in the cemetery near Dixmont Corner. 

THE PIONEERS, A'SD OTHERS. 

The settlement of Township No. 3 began in 1799. 
Among the earliest comers who became permanent set- 
tlers were Friend Drake, Elihu Allen, John Bassford, Ben- 
jamin Brown, and some eight or ten others. 

Samuel Butman was among the older settlers, and be- 
came a very prominent farmer and merchant. He was a 
Representative in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Con- 
gresses, being elected originally as a Federalist, and then 
as a National Republican. 

In later years George W. Wilcox, Esq., of this town, 
was Clerk of the House of Repres.ntatives in the State 
Legislature, from 1S57 to 1S59 inclusive. Sumner J. 
Chadbourne, of East Dixmont, during the entire decade 
1868-77, 'i^d ^^"•^s Secretary of State during 1S76-77-78, 
and in 1880. 

ERECTION OF THE TOWN. 

Dixmont was the one hundred and sixty-ninth town 
created in the District of Maine. It was the sole town 
incorporated by the General Court on the 28th of 
February, 1807. Its name was derived from that of its 
principal owner. Dr. Dix, of Boston, with which was 
coupled "mont," from the principal eminence in the 
south jiart of the township. 

SO.ME RECORD OF GROWTH. 

"CoUegetown" had already 59 inhabitants in 1800, 
the very next year after the first clearings were made upon 
its soil. By the next census (iSio) the population of 
Dixmont had jumped to 337 — an increase of 470 per 
cent., unexampled, we believe, by any other part of Pe- 
nobscot county. This progress was the more remark- 
able since a malignant fever prevailed during a part of 
the decade, of which many died. In 1820 the town had 
515 people; in 1830, 945; in 1840, 1,498; in 1850, 
1,605; 'n i860, 1,442; in 1S70, 1,309; and in iSSo, 
J,i32- 

Dixmont reported 80 polls in 1812, and 95 in 1820.. 
It had 332 in i860, 330 in 1870, and 324 in 1880. 

The estates' valuation of 1812 was $2,551.20; of 1820, 
$27,390; of i860, $227,741; 1870, $266,028; 1880, 
$308,176. 

SOME HISTORIC NOTES. 

The first post-office in the present Dixmont was estab- 
lished before the town was formed, and dates from 1806. 



It was the earliest in this part of the county. The ofifices 
are now Dixmont — Iv M. Dolliff, postmaster; Dixmont 
Centre — John N. Hoyt, postmaster; North Dixmont — 
Christopher Morse; East Dixmont — Amos Whitney; and 
Simpson's Corner, with Mary Powlesland as postmistress. 
The office at Northeast Dixmont was discontinued some 
years ago. The Simpson's Corner office is a rather new 
one, at the cross-roads next south of Northeast Dixmont. 

The next year after the first post-office came the first 
church. It was a Congregational society, formed No- 
vember 16, 1807, by the Rev. Messrs. Jotham and Sam- 
uel Sewall, and Daniel Lovejoy. The Plymouth branch 
was set off from this church December 14, 1834; and 
the two weie reunited on the loth of September, 1861. 

The Free-will (now called simply Free) Baptist Church 
was organized here in 1810. It has now two societies in 
the town — one at East Dixmont, of which Elder E. Allen 
is pastor; and one at Simpson's Corner, whose pulpit is 
vacant. There has been another society of this denom- 
ination in the town, as also several Christian or "Dis- 
ciple" bodies, and one "Church of God" organization. 

The Calvinistic Baptists also organized in Dixmont in 
1810. They had thirty four members here in 1821. 
The church of this faith at North Dixmont has Elder A. 
Palmer as its minister. 

We have not the date of organization of the Methodist 
Episcopal church in Dixmont. Its pastor in charge last 
year (1880) was the Rev. John Tingling. 

This town had a specially honorable part during the 
last war with England, a large number of its able-bodied 
citizens volunteering in the army. None of them were 
killed, but some were severely wounded, and Charles 
Peabody, who was living in Dixmont for many years 
afterwards, lost a leg from a cannon shot, which struck 
his ankle. 

The Dixmont Mountain Dairy Association was incor- 
porated February 24, 1875. It is now called the Moun- 
tain Cheese Company, and has Mr. L. P. Toothaker for 
President. Another corporation of the kind is the Cold 
Spring Cheese Company, Benjamin Bussey, President. 

OTHER BUSINESS NOTES. 

The remaining manufacturers of the town are two 
lumber- and grist-millers, two harness makers, and one 
wheehvright at Dixmont village, and one tinman at East 
Dixmont. The former place has also two general stores, 
two smiths, and one carriage painter; the latter, two 
smiths, one jeweler, and one taxidermist. 

Dixmont Center has a Grange store and one other 
general store, one smith, and one carriage and house 
painter. 

North Dixmont has one general store and two smiths. 

Two hotels are kept in the town. 

There is one resident physician. 

THE SOCIETIES 

of Dixmont, other than religious, are the North Star 
Grange, No. 47, Patrons of Husbandry, and the Archon 
Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons. The Neal Dow 
Lodge, Independent Order of Good Templars, had an 
existence until recently. 



326 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



TOWN OFFICERS IN 1880. 

John N. Hoyt, C. W. Prescott, Albert Mitchell, Select- 
men; Peregrine White, Town Clerk; Benjamin Bussey, 
Treasurer; Benjamin Bussey, William B. Reed (Center), 
Joseph S. Hamilton (North), Lewis F. Simpson (Simp- 
son's Corner), Constables ; John J. Sewall, G. C. Wheeler, 
L. P. Toothaker, School Committee; W. B. Furguson, 
Joseph Hoyt, William Harris, Jr., John Whitcomb, Jr., 
F. Piper, Benjamin Bussey, L. P. Toothaker, Joseph S. 
Hamilton (Quorum), Lorenzo W. Starbird, William Har- 
ris, Jr. (Trial), Justices. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

Mr. Elihu .-\Iden, of IJixmont, was born May 2, 1802. 
He is the first male child born in this town who lived, 
his brother Millbury, who died in infancy, being the first 
male child born in the town. His father, Elihu Alden, 
was a native of Middleboro, Massachusetts. He married 
Lydia Mitchell, of Readfield, where Mr. Alden fir.st set- 
tled on coming to Maine. While in Readfield he en- 
gaged in trade and school teaching. He came here 
about the year 1795, but this date is not certain, as both 
the family and town records have been destroyed. Here 
he cleared up the farm where his son and grandson now 
live. His neighbors on either side were ten miles away. 
He used to entertain travelers at his home. He was a 
man who took a prominent part in all the early affairs of 
the town. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. Mr. 
and Mrs. Alden had eight children, all of whom are de- 
ceased except the subject of this sketch. Their names 
were: Lucy, Millbury, Elihu, Lydia, Ahnira, Rebecca, 
and two that died in infancy. Mr. Alden died in 1S30. 
Elihu, Jr., as he formerly wrote his name, has always 
lived in Dixmont, and been engaged principally in farm- 
ing. He married Eliza Butman, daughter of Benjamin 
Butman, who came here, in 1806, from Massachusetts. 
To this couple there were born six children, viz : Augus- 
tus E., now in Washington Territory; Almira E., An- 
nette M., John B., now on the old place; Frances, de- 
ceased; and one that died in infancy. The old home- 
stead formerly contained two hundred acres, but has 
been sold from till now Mr. .\lden has fifty acres where 
he lives. He is a man well known throughout this sec- 
tion. 

Mr. David Porter, of Dixmont, was born here. He is 
a son of David and Nancy Porter. David Porter was a 
son of David Porter, a native of Boxford, Massachusetts. 
He lived in Biidgeton, Maine, for a time, and here his 
son David, father of the subject of this sketch, was 
brought up. He died here in Dixmont. David and 
Nancy Porter {nee Nancy Stevens) had ten children, viz : 
David; Alfred, deceased; Ruth, deceased; Sally, wife of 
Captain Isaac Hatch, of Isleboro, Maine; Susan T.; Cor- 
delia, deceased; Amanda B., deceased; Christopher S., 
died in early life; Olive N., married Sewall H. Hasty, 
now living in Bangor; and Nancy, who died young. Mr. 
Porter moved to Dixmont in 1S04, and settled on the 
place where his son David now lives. At that time there 
was not a tree felled on the place, and only a bush path 
to travel on horseback through this part of the town. 



Here he made his farm, married, and brought up his fam- 
ily. He always followed farming for business. Two of 
his brothers also settled in this neighborhood. He lost 
his wife, and married Phosbe N. Stiles, by whom he had 
one son, Charles S., whose family live in this neighbor- 
hood. Mrs. Porter ditd in 1867. Mrs. Porter (his first 
wife) died in 1838. David Porter, Jr., the subject of 
this sketch, married Elizabeth W. Hatch, daughter of 
Isaac and Elizabeth Hatch, of Isleboro, Maine. They 
have had three children: Philena E., married to Benja- 
min D. Prilay, of Bangor ;S. Evelyn, died young; Clifford 
C, now with his father, is a teacher. Mr. Porter has 
about one hundred acres of land, part of the old home- 
stead, his brother owning the remainder. He has always 
been a farmer. 

Mr. Charles S. Porter, of Dixmont, is a son of David 
and Phoebe (Stites) Porter, whose history appears in 
this work, and for the early history of the family, the 
reader is referred to the sketch of David Porter. 
Charles S. was born April 11, 1848, here in Dixmont, 
on the old place. He married Mary Anna Boyd, daughter 
of Leonard and Mary Boyd, of Monroe, Waldo county, 
Maine. Mrs. Porter died July 26, 1876, leaving two 
children, Wallace S. and Louis R. Mr. Porter lives on a 
portion of the old homestead, and is a farmer. 

Alpheus P. Rich, of Dixmont, is a son of Benjamin 
and Experience (Boden) Rich. Benjamin Rich was a 
native of Gorham, Maine. His father, Joel Rich, came 
to Jackson, in Waldo county, near here, in 1798, and 
was one of the pioneers of the town. Benjamin Rich 
was born in Gorham, Maine, in 1 790. He lived in Jackson 
until about twenty-five or thirty years of age, when he went 
to Monroe, an adjoining town, and lived there until 1837, 
when he came to Dixmont and lived on the place where 
Alpheus P. now lives. Here he spent the remainder ot 
his days. He was a man who early experienced religion 
and took great interest in all religious matters, and 
was among the foremost in all exercises for its pro- 
motion. He never allowed even obstacles to isievent 
regular attendance upon divine service. He died in 
1S49. Mrs. Rich died the year previous. He married 
Mrs. Stowers, whose maiden name was Boden. They 
had seven children, viz : Samuel Stowers, now in 
Glenburn ; Alpheus P., subject of this sketch; John B., 
now in Monticello, Minnesota; Nancy A., widow 
of George Woodbury, of Boston, now living in Pitts- 
field ; Amos, who died in the army, a member 
of the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Regiment, 
and was an excellent scholar and a teacher in Ohio; 
Lizzie C, wife of Andrew Croswell, of Farmington Falls, 
Maine ; and Mary Ann, wife of Charles Bridges of Boston. 
Alpheus P. Rich was born December 12, 1823, in Mon- 
roe, Waldo county. He has always lived on the old 
place in Dixmont, on which his father settled when 
Alpheus was about thirteen years old. He married 
Mariam Ferguson, daughter of Nahum and Betsey Fer- 
guson, of Unity. This couple have four children : Cora 
E., Isabella, Sadie G., and Perley B. Mr. Rich was 
formerly a teacher during the winter, but has been engaged 
in farming all his life. He has about ninety acres in the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



327 



home farm and some thirty-five in another lot. He lives 
one and a half miles south of the Corner (Dixmont). 

Among the first settlers in Dixmont was Mr. 
Thomas 'York, who came here from Middletown, 
New Hampshire. It was when very few settlers 
were here, but the exact date is not now known by 
his son David P. He married Phcebe Ellis, who 
came here with him. He settled on what is known as 
the South road in Dixmont. He always after lived in 
this town. Thomas and Phcebe York had ten children, 
viz.: Judith (deceased); Betsey married Charles Bick- 
ford, of Dixmont, and now lives here ; Lucy (deceased), 
wife of James Garland ; Hiram, now in Frankfort, Waldo 
county; David P., subject of this sketch; T.ydia (de- 
ceased), wife of James H. Dill; John (deceased); Rufus 
(deceased) ; Rhoda, wife of Calvin Stevens, of Dixmont; 
Ephraim went into the army and was not heard from — re- 
ported killed and then disputed. Mr. York always fol- 
lowed farming. He died about 1863. Mrs. York died 
about 1856. David P. York was born May 3, 181 1. 
He has always lived in this town, and has been engaged 
in farming principally. .'Xbout thirteen years since he en- 
gaged in trade at Dixmont Centre, where he now lives. 
He keeps a stock of dry goods and groceries. Mr. York 
married Sarah Vinal, daughter of Captain Lot and Nancy 
Vinal. They have two children : Marcia, wife of Albert 
Mudgett, of Dixmont ; and Waldo M. now in California. 
Mr. York is now assistant postmaster in this town, keep- 
ing the office in his store rather than lose it. 

William Y'. Tasker, of Dixmont, one of the oldest liv- 
ing settlers, and who came here in 1S12 during the war 
with England, is a son of Ebenezer Tasker, a native of 
New Hampshire. Ebenezer Tasker married Mary Pink- 
ham and settled first in Ossipee, New Hampshire. They 
had eight children, six of whom grew to manhood and 
womanhood. Their names are Joseph, deceased; Wil- 
liam I.; Judith, now Mrs. Zachariah Fletcher, of Hermon; 
Clarissa, deceased; Betsey, now Mrs. Jabez Fletcher, of 
Dixmont; Margaret, deceased. Mr. Tasker settled on 
the farm now owned by Weston Jewett. He cleared up 
the farm and lived on it about ten years, when he traded 
farms and moved to the district known as the Mountain 
District, where he spent the remainder of his life. He 
was a Free-will Baptist preacher, and was widely known 
in this region. He died about 1838. Mrs. Tasker lived 
to be eighty-five years old. William Y. Tasker, the 
second son, was born March 26, 1800, in Ossipee, New 
Hampshire. He came here with his father when twelve 
years of age, and can distinctly remember the battle in 
Hampden, his father being in the fight. He settled with 
his father on the old place, but afterward swapped farms 
with his brother and got the place where he has since 
lived. He married for his first wife Lydia Dodge, daugh- 
ter of Benjamin Dodge, of Monroe, Maine. By her he 
had eleven children, seven of whom are now living — 
Benjamin, now in Jackson, Maine; William, in Wiscon- 
sin; Abigail, deceased; Sally Ann, wife of Daniel Put- 
nam, of Jackson, Maine; Deborah, wife of Ebenezer 
Fletcher, of Herman, Maine; Lydia, now Mrs. James 
Patee, of Belfast, Maine; Sultana, now Mrs. Alonzo 



Tasker, of Dixmont; Ephraim, of Jackson, Maine; Mary, 
deceased. Mr. Tasker has always been a farmer and 
never engaged in public life to any extent. He is now 
eighty-two years old, and during the last fall he 
husked twenty-three bushels of corn in seven hours, 
which shows that he is a remarkably smart old man. 

John Prescott, of Dixmont, is a son of Samuel and 
Nancy (Buckmore) Prescott, of Northport, Waldo 
county, Maine. His grandfather, Samuel Prescott, was 
a native of New Hampshire. It was in Epping, New 
Hampshire, that Samuel, Jr., was born. He moved to 
Dixmont in 1816, the cold year. The subject of this 
sketch was then a lad, and remembers dropping potatoes 
barefooted in the snow in June. Samuel Prescott had 
twelve children — Thomas, deceased; Henry, deceased; 
Samuel, deceased; Joseph, deceased; John; Joshua, now 
in Newburg; Mary, deceased; Eliza, deceased; Nancy, 
deceased; Jane, deceased; Harriet L., wife of Jesse 
Mitchell; Nancy, now Mrs. Thompson, of Searsmont, 
Maine. Mr. Prescott always owned a farm, but worked 
at mill business a good deal. He was a millwright by 
trade, as was his father before him. He died in Dixmont 
over twenty years since. Mrs. Prescott has been dead 
about ten years. John Prescott was born December 25, 
1808, in Northport, Waldo county. Since becoming of 
age he has lived here. Mr. Prescott married Sally Gray, 
daughter of Reuben Gray, of Dixmont. They have had 
ten children — Angeline, now Mrs. James Foster, of 
California; Susan, now Mrs. James Carter, of Etna; Eliza 
A., married George Carter, of Etna; Harriet L., deceased; 
Reuben, in California; John F., died in the army; Daniel, 
now a doctor in Plymouth; Emery, now in Fairfield, 
Maine; Caroline, Mrs. Edward Blanchard, of Boston; 
Henry M., living in Dixmont. Mr. Prescott has always 
been a farmer. He lives in the northeast part of the 
town. He owns sixty-five acres of land in town. 

Ebenezer Thorndike, father of Ashley C. Thorndike, 
came from Gorham, Maine, in 1816. He is a son of 
Ebenezer Thorndike, a native of Cape Elizabeth, Maine. 
Ebenezer Thorndike, Jr., married Betsey Clay. Her 
parents were from New Hampshire. I'hey first settled 
on the place where Orrin Palmer now lives in 1820, 
where they lived ten years and cleared up most of the 
place, they then moved to the place where they now live, 
and cleared up the farm from the standing trees, making 
one of the best farms in town. Here they raised a fam- 
ily of ten children, viz: Persus C, wife of Charles 
Morse, of New Y'ork,' Ebenezer, died young; Albert, de- 
ceased ; Eliza (deceased) wife of Elias Sleeper, of South 
Thomaston, Maine; John C. merchant in Bangor; Sarah 
and Catharine, twins, — Sarah married John Newhall, of 
Bangor, and Catharine lives in South Thomaston, the wife 
of John A. Emery; Harvey M., deceased; Ashley C, of 
Dixmont; Edward R., of Lynn, Massachusetts. Mr. 
Thorndike is now living with his son, Mrs. Thorndike 
having died in January, 1S70. He was a soldier in the 
War of 181 2, and is now a pensioner. Ashley C. Thorn- 
dike was born June 5, 1839, and has always lived here 
on the old homestead. He married Mary F. Crocker, 
daughter of R. D. Crocker, of Dixmont. They have 



328 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



five children, viz : Romualdo P., Minnie Etta, Myrtie 
Ethel, John H., and baby not named. Mr. Thorndike 
has served in the capacity of Selectman of his town. 
The old homestead contains about ninety acres, but Mr. 
Thorndike owns 285 acres. He has a very good set of 
farm buildings and i^ a prosperous farmer. 

Mr. John Morse, of Dixmont, is a son of Josiah 
Morse, who was born in Bradford, Massachusetts, about 
1763. He married Mehitabel Carlton, and moved to 
Gorham, Maine, and from there to Hampden. He was 
a soldier in the Revolutionary war, serving three years. 
From Hampden he removed to Troy, and from Troy to 
Dixmont. He was a clothier by trade, and died in Dix- 
mont about 1823. Mr. and Mrs. Josiah Morse had ten 
children, viz: Harvey, Barnet, Charlotte, George, Eliza, 
Thomas, Abigail, John; one died in early life and one 
in infancy. Only John and Abigail (Mrs. Work) are 
living. John Morse was born January 18, 1805, in Troy. 
He moved to Dixmont with his father at the age of 
twelve. On becoming of age he settled on the place 
where he now lives in North Dixmont, where he has 
since lived. He married Miss Belinda Durgin, Decem- 
ber 7, 1831, whose folks tame here from New Hamp- 
shire. They have had four children, viz: Frances E., 
wife of John Ross, of Dixmont; Christopher M., of 
Dixmont; Joseph, also in Dixmont; and John H., now 
in Colorado. Mr. and Mrs. Morse live on a good farm 
of ninety-five acres, where they have passed so many 
years. Mr. Morse has not engaged in public life, but 
always preferred to attend to his farm. 

Mr. Ezra G. Crocker, of Dixmont, was born January 
8, 1816. He is a son of Nathaniel Crocker, whose 
history may be found in the sketch of Job Crocker, else- 
where in this work. His father owned the farm where 
Ezra now lives and here he was brought up, though born 
in Barry, Massachusetts. He married Clarissa Hillman, 
daughter of Thomas Hillman, of Troy, Waldo county, 
Maine. They have but one child, Emina L., wife of 
L. B. Harding, of Troy. Mr. Crocker has always fol- 
lowed the business of fanning. He lives on the old 
homestead or a part of it, but owns other land to the 
amount of 150 acres in the west part of the town. 

Charles M. Adams, of Dixmont, is a son of Joshua 
Adams, who was born in Wales, Maine, October 5, 1767. 
Joshua Adams married Sarah Plummer, and by her had 
eleven children: Benjarnin (deceased), Aaron (deceased), 
Charles M., Joshua, David (deceased), Mariam, wife of 
the late James Smith, of Monmouth, Maine; Sarah, now 
Mrs. Cyrus K. Foss, of Washington, District of Columbia; 
Jacob (deceased), David (deceased), and one who died 
in infancy. Mr. Adams was always a farmer and spent 
the greater portion of his life in Wales, in this State, 
where he died August 25, 1849. Charles M. Adams was 
born December 9, 1796, in Limington, though his father 
moved to Wales when he was an infant. On coming of 
age he settled in this town, where he has since lived. 
He engaged first here in the leather and shoe business, 
but afterwards kept a hotel for many years. For the last 
ten years he has been engaged in farming. He married 
Hannah McDonald, daughter of John McDonald, of 



Brunswick, Maine. To this couple were born ten chil- 
dren, viz: Eliza A., who died in infancy; Charles 
Henry, deceased; John Q., now in Plymouth; James 
M., deceased; Ehnira B., wife of Dr. Porter, of New- 
port, Maine; Sarah, now with Mrs. Porter, unmarried; 
George E., now of Dixmont; Albert L., now in Portland; 
Hannah L., now Mrs. W. Whittemore, of Fairfield. Mr. 
Adams was for many years Town Agent here. He is 
now eighty-five years of age, and retains his faculties very 
well, and converses intelligently about affairs of sixty 
years ago. 

S. B. Bickford, of Dixmont, is a son of Thomas 
and Nancy Bickford {nee Nancy Pease). His grand- 
father was *a native of Parsonsfield, Maine. Five brothers 
came from Parsonsfield and settled in this part of Pe- 
nobscot county. Thomas settled in Newburg. He was 
in the battle of Hampden, in 1S12. He had eleven 
children, viz : Melinda, George, Van Rensselaer, Alva, 
Asa, all deceased; and Thomas, now in Bangor; Samuel 
B.; Nancy, widow of late Elder Elias Doble, of Etna; 
Sarah, widow of Cyrus Davis, of Danvers, Massachu- 
setts; Julia, wife of Benjamin B. Thomas, of Hampden, 
and John, of Hermon. Mr. Bickford was a farmer and 
always lived in Newburg. He died suddenly in his field 
of heart disease, in 1830. His wife survived him ten 
years. .Samuel B. Bickford was born May 3, 181 1, in 
Newburg. He lived in Jackson, Waldo county, about 
six years, and in 1843 moved to his present place in 
East Dixmont, where he has since resided. He mar- 
ried Mary B. Thomas, who was born in Lincolnville, 
Maine, a daughter of James and Sally Thomas. They 
have had five children, three of whom are living: Sally 
E., now Mrs. W. D. Snow, of East Dixmont, living at 
home; Nancy M., now Mrs. L. W. Starbird, of Fargo, 
Dakota; and M. Florence, at home. The deceased 
were: Cornelius T., and Mary E. Mrs. Bickford died 
October 22, 1880, Mr. Bickford has a fine farm and a 
good set of farm buildings, and is a successful farmer. 

Elnathan White, of Dixmont, was born March 18, 
1S50. His father, Elnathan \\'hite, Sr., was a native of 
Jackson, Waldo county, Maine. He married Sarah 
Tasker, of Dixmont, a daughter of William Y. Tasker. 
They had two children, \Villiani T., who makes his home 
with his brother, and Elnathan, the subject of this 
sketch. Mr. White died the day Elnathan was born. 
Mrs. White afterwards man ied Daniel Putnam, now of 
Jackson, AValdo county, Maine. Elnathan, after receiv- 
ing a common school education, commenced life for 
himself and learned the stone-cutter's trade in South 
Thomaston. Here he lived six years and during that 
time married Miss Maggie Craig, daughter of Deacon 
James S. Craig and Margaret L. Craig {nee Margaret 
Tasker), of Dixmont. From Thomaston Mr. White 
moved to Dixmont and bought the farm where he now 
lives, in South Dixmont. He has two children, Eva 
Gertrude and Harry E. Mr. White has a good farm of 
two hundred and ten acres and a goo'd set of farm build- 
ings. He has never engaged in public life. 

G. D. Wheeler is a son of Daniel Wheeler, who was 
in the Revolutionary War, and came to Dixmont in 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



329 



1S35. His father married Mary Pollard, of Kennebec 
county, and died at ninety-six years of age. G. D. 
Wheeler is now farming on the old place, and has made 
farming A success. He married Lydia Crosford, of Dix- 
mont, daughter of Nathaniel and Lydia Crostbrd, and 
has seven children, viz: Luella, born October i, 1S39, 
died in 1841; Martha, born September 22, 1841, died 
September 25, 1865; Henry Clay, born September 18, 
1843, enlisted in Company F, Maine Heavy Artillery, 
taken sick, and died May 27, 1867; Abbie Sophia, born 
September 30, 1846, now at home; Eva L., born De- 
cember 13, 1850, died December 12, iS69;Ida M., born 
January 28, 1S53, died December 8, 1878; CJeorge C, 
born December 8, 1856, now living at home. Ida M. 
ma-ried Asa H. Twitchell, of Dixmont, and has one 
child, Howard Dustin, born August 20, 1878. 

Ira Gardner, the subject of this sketch, is a son of 
Anson Gardner, one of the earliest settlers of the county, 
who located in Plymouth when the townshij) was but a 
wilderness. He was a mason by trade, and did much in 
developing the county, clearing up the farm now occupied 
by Joseph Eaton, living on the place some time; then 
emigrating to this township, and settling on the place 
where he lived until his death. He was engaged in 
building the first mill in Plymouth. He was a member 
of the Methodist church. He married Anna Stephens, 
of Di.xmont, daughter of Samuel Stephens. By this 
union he had ten children, viz: Ira, Sarah J., Huldah, 
Benjamin J., Elmira J., Jonathan A., William S., Martha 
A., Ellen, Augustus S., six of whom are now living. 
Ira Gardner was born in Plymouth, February 6, 1816, 
where he received a common school education. In 
early life he was engaged with his father on the farm until 
twenty-one years old. After the age of twenty-one, he 
started out in life for himself without assistance, and by 
industry and close application to business has secured 
to himself a pleasant home. He was in the mercantile 
business four years at Dixmont. He has been Repre- 
sentative to the Legislature, and Selectman a number of 
years, and Deputy Sheriff Mr. Gardner is a staunch 
Republican, standing firm with his party. He has been a 
faithful representative of his party, and is highly respected 
by his townsmen and all who have dealings with him. 
He has always been an honest, temperate, upright, hard- 
working man, and in his declining years is surrounded 
with an independence which he deserves and enjoys. 
He is a member of the Sons of Temperance. He married 
Mary J. Leighton, daughter of David and Lydia Leigh- 
ton, of Mount Vernon, and had by this union one child: 
Charles O., born November 12, 1845, died December 20, 
1872. 

Cyrus Dolloff, the subject of this sketch, was born at 
Mt. Vernon, Kennebec county. May 5, 1824. He is a 
son of John and Elizabeth Dolloff, of that place. He 
settled in Dixmont in 1S75, on the place now occupied 
by him. He received a common school education. He 
has been engaged in farming and quarrying. In politics 
he is a Republican. Starting out in life without any as- 
sistance, Mr. Dolloff has been a hard-working, honest, 
upright man, and has made his business successful. He 



is now surrounded with an independence which he and 
his family enjoy. He married Joanna Smith, of Monroe, 
and has had five children — Charles Tenney, born No- 
I vember 26, 1849, "^'^d October 7, 1873 ; Mary E., born 
July 26, 185 1, married Dr. Charles J. Milliken, of Cher- 
ryfield, Washington county, Maine ; Lydia C, born April 
29, 1S53, married Jacob Bussey, and is now living in 
East Boston; Ezr-a N., born August 15, 1855, at Dix- 
mont; Caroline A., born December 21, 1S57, living at 
home, is a graduate of the Normal School at Castine, has 
been a successful teacher in gi-aded and common schools. 
Mr. Dolloff 's first wife died August 27, 1859, and he 
married Sarah J. Wildes, daughter of Tliomas and Mar- 
guerite Wildes, of York county. By this union three 
children were born — Anna M., born October 28, 1863, is 
a graduate of the High School of Boston, and is now 
living at home; William W., born April 8, 1865, and 
Burton B., born June i, 1867, are living at home. 

Ezra M. Dolloff, the son of Cyrus Dolloff, of Dixrnont, 
was born at Monroe, August 15, 1855. He received a 
cor-nmon school education, and was occupied with his 
father until he was eighteen years of age, when he went 
to Concord, New Hampshire, to learn the stone-cutting 
trade. After learning the trade he followed it for a busi- 
ness for four years, after which he settled in Dixmont, 
where he has been engaged in mercantile business since 
that time. Starting out in life without any assistance, by 
hard work and close attention to business he has built up 
a good trade, and is well liked by all who have dealings 
with him. He keeps a line of dry goods, hardware, no- 
tions, boots and shoes, drugs, groceries, etc. He has 
been postmaster about three years. In politics Mr. Dol- 
loff is a Republican. He was married August 18, 1877, 
to Carrie B. Durham, daughter of Toford and Caroline 
Durham, of Monroe. By this union one child was born, 
Evelyn H., born August 21, 1878. 

W'illiam Flarris, Jr., came to this county in 1833 with 
his father', William Harris, and settled in Dixmont. They 
emigrated from Clinton, Kennebec county. He was 
born .\pril 8, iSoi. By trade he is a tailor. He was in 
the Aroostook war. In politics he is a Democrat ; in 
spiritual belief Universalist; was Postmaster in North 
Dixmont about fifteen years; married Lucinda Ryan, 
by whom he has had thirteen children: William, Harris, 
Mary, Ellen A., Rachael, Stephen E., George M., Jaines 
K. P., Elizabeth, Dorcas Ann, Virginia, Charles T., and 
Ada, nine of whom are living. William Harris, the sub- 
ject of this sketch, was born in Clinton, Kennebec 
county, Maine, October 25, 1S33. In early years he 
went to Boston to learn the machinist trade of Henry 
Sibley; worked four years with Grover & Baker's Sew- 
ing Machine Company; enlisted the 13th of August, 
1862, in Company D, Third Massachusetts Cavalry, 
under Captain Fred Polk. He enlisted as pi'ivate; was 
raised to rank of First Lieutenant; served three years; was 
in twenty-nine general engagements; never was wounded; 
had two horses shot from under him; was absent from 
regiment but two days on account of sickness. Since the 
war he has been engaged in carrying mail for four years to 
Newport, I'arming and shipping hay, handling one thou- 



33° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



sand tons per year, and is successful in his avocation. 
Starting out in life without assistance, but by industry 
and close application to business he has accumulated 
a competence. In politics he is a Democrat. He 
has been Selectman four years, Town .Agent four 
years, and now holds said office. He takes an 
active part in political affairs, as Justice of the 
Peace and County Commissioner. He married Mar- 
guerite Simpson, daughter of William and Mary Simp- 
son, of Brunswick, Maine. By this union two children 
were born: William S., born June 4, 1879; Mary E., 
born December 7, 18S0. 

Benjamin J. Gardner, the subject of this sketch, was 
born June 19, 1822, in Dixmont. He is a son of Ansel 
Gardner. He received a common school education, and 
was engaged on a farm with his father, taking care of his 
father and mother until their death: is now living on the 
old homestead. Mr. Gardner has always been a hard 
working, honest, upright citizen of the township of Dix- 
mont, and well respected by his townsmen; has made 
farming a success. In politics he is a Republican, stand- 
ing firm with the party. Mr. Gardner is a self-made 
man. He married Mary J. Tole, daughter of Josiah 
and Mary Tole, of Searsport. The family was one of the 
early settlers of Searsport. By this union were born four 
children: Bradford P., born June 19, 1851, married 
Lillian G, Hughs, now living in Etna; Ida A., born 
February 8, 1853, married George A. Varney, of New- 
burg, now living at Minneapolis; William J., born May 
22, 1858, now living in Minneapolis; Sydney I., born 
April 10, 1 360, married Carrie Ferguson, daughter of 
Charles Ferguson, of Etna, now living in Etna. Mr. 
Gardner was a member of the Dixmont Light Infantry. 

Albert D. Crocker, son of Robert D., was born the 4th 
of June, 1842, in Dixmont, and has been engaged with his 
father on the farm until the present time. He was one 
of the first of the brave boys who, when the battle-cry 
sounded through our land, left home, parents, friends, 
to lay down his life, if need be, in defense of his country 
and home. He enlisted in Company F, Fourth Maine Vol- 
unteers, under Captain A. D. Bean ; served four years ; 
the last year was a private in cavalry. Company F, undei 
Captain G. A. Stanley; was in the Battles of Gettysburg, 
Bull Run, battle of the Wilderness, Fair Oak, etc. In 
the last year of his service he was engaged in Florida and 
Alabama. He is Republican in politics. He was married 
to Abbie B. Wright, daughter of J. H. and Dorothy 
Wright, of Jackson. By this union one child was born, 
Betha L., December 12, 1873. 

George Gould came to this township with his father, 
Samuel Gould, in 1822, and settled on the place now 
owned by John Gray, clearing up the farm from its rough 
state. He has held nearly all of the town offices in 
the town of Elliott, York county (now known as Gould's 
Point). He was a Congressman, and a hard-working, 
sturdy man of great strength. He married Leonicy Em- 
ory, daughter of Noah and Susanna Gould, of Elliott. To 
them thirteen children were born, viz: Theodosia, 
Robert, Lydia, Joseph, Elisha, Hannah, John S., Susan, 
Elbridge G., Gillman, Susan E., and George Lyman. 



Three of them survive — Elisha, now living at the Cor- 
ner; Lyman, now in Texas, President of Henderson Col- 
lege, and one of the finest teachers of the country ; 
and George L. Gould, born in Elliott October 25, 1815, 
came to this township when a boy. He received a com- 
mon and academic education, and for a number of years 
taught school winters and worked on the farm summers, 
making a success of both occupations. He is now sur- 
rounded with an independence of which he is worthy. 
He served the township as Superintending School Com- 
mittee, and held other minor offices. He married 
Catharine R. Sweetser, of Newburg, Penobscot county, 
and has two children — Lyman E., born July 21, 1844, 
now living in Pennsylvania ; and Hellena E., born De- 
cember 6, 1S46, married Joshua Twilchell, Jr., now liv- 
ing in Jackson, Waldo county. 

Lyman E. Gould, son of George Gould, was a private 
in the late war. He was taken sick with army fever in 
Augur Hospital, Virginia, but by good care and nursing 
was brought through it. He married Caroline Tyler 
February g, 1869, daughter of Allison Tyler, of Searsport. 
He was Representative of the town in 1850. 

James F. Emory, the subject of this sketch, was born 
in Maxfield, Penobscot county, December 25, 1824. He 
is a son of Robert and Susan Emory, who emigrated 
from Limerick, Maine, and settled in Maxfield in 1821, 
when the county was a wilderness, taking up a farm and 
clearing it from its its rude state, suffering the privations 
to which the early settlers were subject. His occBpation 
was farming and milling. He was a member of the Free- 
will Baptist Church, and was deacon of the church sev- 
eral years. He was a man who lived upright before God, 
and dealt justly with his fellow-men, and died at the age 
of fifty-six. He married Susan Furlong, of Limerick, by 
whom he had eight children, viz: Julia Ann, Nancy, 
James, Isaiah, Joseph, Harriet E., Hannah Y., Susan 
Ann. Four of them are living. James F. received a 
common school education, and has made his occupation 
of farming a success. Mr. Emory was of the men who 
left home, friends, and family to lay down life, if need be, 
in defense of his country, and was a private in Company 
I D, Fourteenth Maine Volunteers, under Captain Sawyer. 
He served seven months, and was discharged for disa- 
bility. Mr. Emory has always been a hard-working, hon- 
est, upright man, dealing justly with all men. He mar- 
ried Lucy F. Porter, daughter of Tyler Porter, of Dix- 
mont. By this union four children were born — Emma 
F., born September 19th, 1849, and is the wife of Allen 
E. Foster, of Newburg; Jabez K. H., born February 4, 
1857, died August 10, 1863; Melvin P., born June i, 
1854, died August 26, 1855; Harris P., born January 26, 
1S59, married Bertie E. Nason, of Dixmont, December 
5, 1879, now living on the farm with his father. 

Robert D. Crocker came to this town with his father, 
Nathaniel Crocker, of Cape Cod, in 1820, and settled 
on' the place now occupied by Ezra G. Crocker, where 
they cleared the farm and built a home. In early life 
his occupation was that of saddler and harness maker, 
but after his settlement here he followed farming. He 
was a prominent man and held the offices of SheiilT, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



331 



Selectman, Assessor, and Overseer of the Poor continu- 
ally for thirty years. He died at Albany, New York, 
aged ninety-si.x years. His wife was Lydia Noddard, of 
Massachusetts, by whom he had ten children: Harrison 
G. O. ; Robert D. ; Job; Ezra G. ; Lydia; Sophia; 
Nathaniel; Samuel G. ; Abigail; Mary A.; all but two 
of whom are living. Daniel died at the age of eighty- 
two, and Lydia died aged ninety-three. Robert D. 
Crocker was born in Barry, Worcester county, August 7, 
i8i2. He received a common school education as pro- 
vided at that early day. When seventeen years of age 
he commenced work in the stage-stable, where he worked 
nine years, afterward driving the stage si.xteen years, car- 
rying the mail to Bangor before any boats came up the 
river. He was afterwards engaged as agent by V. D. 
Pinkham, of Augusta, on the stage line. Nearly two | 
years after settling in Di.\mont he kept the Elmer 
House. Since that time he has followed farming. He 
has been a hard-working man; starting out in life, with- 
out a dollar, by his own unaided labor he has accumu- 
lated a competence. In public affairs he has been 
prominent, having served the town seventeen years as 
Selectman, Overseer of the Poor, and as Representative 
in the State Legislature in 1861. He married Grind L. 
Livingston, of Mount Vernon, Kennebec county, daugh- 
ter of Daniel and Lydia Leighton, who were among the 
early pioneers. To Mr. and Mrs. Crocker were born 
five children: Henry I)., Lewis N., Albert D., Mary 
Frances, and E. Carrie. 

Stephen Bickford, the son of George W. Bickford, of 
Newburg, was born December 10, 1S33. In early life | 
he was engaged in farming, until he became of age, when j 
he worked in the mills on the Penobscot River two years, j 
after which he settled in Dixmont, where he now lives. 
Mr. Bickford had but little assistance on starting in life, 
but by hard labor is now in comfortable circumstances. I 
He was married October 9, 1855, to Aurora B. Free- 
man, daughter of Thomas and Mehitable Freeman. By 
this union were born three children: Edwin F., Asa J., 
and Freddie. Edwin is the only one of the sons now 
living. 

John Buckman was a son of John Buckman, Sr., who 
emigrated from New Hampshire in 1805, and settled on 
the place now occupied by J. E. and F. Buckman. 
They came here when the country was a wilderness, 
purchasing their fartii of three hundred acres of Dr. 
Dix. They suffered the iirivations of early settlers in 
clearing and improving a farm, often going miles on 
foot through the forest to procure the necessaries of life. 
Mr. Buckman was present at the battle of Hampden. 
He died on the jjlace now occupied by the family. 
John Buckman, Jr., was a successful farmer, and an 
honest man. He married Sarah Holbrook, hy whom he 
had si.\ children: Rebecca, Frederick, Fidelia, Eliza A., 
Franklin, and John E. Frederick Buckman was born 1 
May 15, 1827. He obtained an education and occupied 
himself with farming and teaching common schools and 
writing schools. He married Nancy Woodman, of 
Plymouth, Maine, December 25, 1858. She is the 
daughter of Joseph and Nancy Woodman. To Mr. and 



Mrs. Buckman were born four children: Idella (de- 
ceased), Mary E., Carrie E., and Walter F., the three 
last mentioned living at home. 

John E. Buckman, a son of John Buchman, sr., was 
born in Dixmont, January 28, 1837, where he has al- 
ways resided. He married for his first wife Thirza 
Tosier, of Plymouth, who died in April, 1872. He was 
again married, September 10, 1874, and has two children: 
Dora May, born September 3, 1876, and Nora J., born 
March 30, 1877. He, with his brother Frederick, cared 
for their parents during life, and now occupy the old 
homestead. 

Josiah Howe emigrated from Brookfield, Massachu- 
setts, in r8o2, and became one of the first settlers of the 
township. He acted well his part in the early develop- 
ment of the country, and was a very public-spirited man. 
He is a cousin of Elias Howe, the inventor of the Howe 
sewing machine. Mr. Howe was a Justice of the Peace 
for many years, and also held the office of Selectman, 
etc.; was a deacon in the Free-will Baptist Church. He 
married Sally Ayer, by whom he had ten children : 
Dexter, Otis C, Samuel, Sally, Betsy P., Anna R., 
William, Matilda C, Julia A., and Lucy C. Of this 
large family but one — Julia — is now living. She married 
Calvin B. Morse, of Woodland, Aroostook county. Otis 
C. Howe, son of Josiah Howe, was born in Brookfield, 
Massachusetts, February 22, 1799, and came to Dix- 
mont in 1802. He was a hard-working man, and be- 
came an independent farmer. He was a deacon of the 
Free-will Baptist Church, and respected by all who knew 
him; always liberal in church and missionary enterprises, 
and ever ready to help the poor. Phoebe Coffin, daughter 
of John F. Coffin, became his wife, April 26, 1831. 
They raised a family of six children. Crosby O. Howe 
is a son of Otis C. Howe, and was born in Dixmont, De- 
cember 10, 1838, where he received an education. He 
early engaged in peddling tinware for Edward Ellison, 
of Bangor, and in seven years accumulated $4,000. He 
then went to Vineland, New Jersey, where he engaged in 
the real estate business, in which h^ was successful. 
After this he became agent for the estate of Frank 
Siddle, and while thus engaged bought the right of the 
State of Ohio for the sale of the Anderson spring bed, 
which brought him in about $100,000. He manufactured 
his wares at Hudson, Ohio, and was thus engaged four 
years, when he returned to his native place and purchased 
the old homestead. Here he cared for the comfort of 
his parents in their declining years, and besides farming 
has been engaged in buying and selling stock for the 
Brighton market. He has been successful in this busi- 
ness, shipping some two thousand head of stock weekly. 
Mr. Howe married Eliza A. Folsom, daughter of Josiah 
S. and Miriam Folsom, of Sangerville, Piscataquis county, 
March 2, 1S69. To them have been born four children: 
John F., Wynn O., Annie M., and Delia A. 

Greenleaf Smith emigrated to Dixmont in 1S40, and 
settled on the place now occupied by him. In his early 
life he engaged in lumbering on the Penobscot River, 
but for many years has been engaged in farming, at 
which he has been successful. He married Caroline H. 



332 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



Tyler, daughter of Rowland and Sally Tyler, who were 
among the pioneers of the county. Mr. Tyler was at 
the battle of Hampden, where he was taken prisoner. 
He was a prominent man in his town and served as 
Selectman for many years. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith 
were born four children — Charles F., born May 4, 1839, 
was one of the first to lay down his life in defense of his 
country in the war of the Rebellion ; he enlisted in 
the Ninth Maine Volunteers, Company H, and died at 
Hilton Head, South Carolina, March 3, 1S62; Llewellyn 
D., born February 8, 184 1, was a private in the same 
company, and served three years, and now lives in Ban- 
gor; Walter G., born February 17, 1S43, ^^'''^s a private in 
the Eleventh Maine Volunteers, company K, and was 
wounded at the battle of Bermuda Hundred, and in the 
last battles of the war, and is now living in Monroe, 
Maine; Laura L., born February 5, 1S48, died May 30, 
1866; Irwin, died in infancy. 

Benjamin Piper is the son of Daniel and Anna Piper. 
He 'remained at home until he reached his majority, 
after which he was a successful teacher for some years. 
He has for many years been engaged in fanning, in 
which he lias accumulated considerable property. He 
married Julia Bickford, daughter of Ebenezer and Susan 
Bickford, of Newbuvg, September 17, 1829. To them 
have been born seven children — Parsons, Susan B., 
Daniel, Julia A., and Warren C. The latter left home 
and friends to fight his country's battles. He was a 
private in company K, Second Maine Heavy Artillery, 
and died in hospital, at Washington, of disease. The 
remaining children were Evelyn, and Benjamin, Jr., the 
latter of whom died in Di.xmont in 1S77. 

Albert Mitchell is the son of John and Betsey Mitch- 
ell, of Troy, Waldo county, who were among the early 
settlers of that county. Albert Mitchell came to Dix- 
mont in 1876. He lived at liome until his father died. 
He afterwards worked with Jonas M. Trefifin, at carpen- 
tering for some fifteen years, in Massachusetts, when he 
returned to Maine. Since his return he has represented 
his district in th» Legislature, and has been Selectman, 
Assessor, and Overseer of the Poor. He married Mary 
E. Ferguson, by whom he had four children — F. A., 
Hattie E., Maud O., and Samuel H. 

Charles W. Prescott was born May 11, 1829, in Troy, 
Waldo country. He is the son of Cliarles Prescott, of 
that county. In 1S55 he settled on the place now owned 



and occupied by him. For the past seven years he has 
been engaged in buying hay for the Boston market, 
handling about twelve hundred tons per year; and hat t 
also bought and shipped stock for the Brighton markets* 
He married Anna Barker, of Troy, and has had foup- ■ 
children — Stephen B., Mary E., Herbert J., and Charles 
S. Mr. Prescott has accumulated a good property, and* 
is a highly esteemed man in the community, where h^ 
now holds the office of Selectman, and is Chairman < 
the Board. His father was an early settler in Troy. 

Peregrine White was born in Jackson, Waldo countyl 
Maine, and is a son of Abiather and Abby White, who 
emigrated from Massachusetts. He left home when 
about eighteen years of age, and engaged with his 
brother in blacksmithing at Dixmont, where he remained 
some five years. He invented a machine for making the 
backing for picture frames, which proved a valuable in- 
vention. Neglecting to patent his machme, others have 
improved it, and now it is extensively used. Mr. \Vhite 
has been town Treasurer and Constable, and has 
represented his district in the State Legislature. He mar- 
ried Hannah G. Picker, daughter of I. G. Picker, of 
Jackson, and has had a family of ten children — Frank 
A., William H., Lizzie B., Chandler V., Eben D., Laura 
A., Charles G., Harry E., Daisy May, and Philip A. 

Benjamin Bussey is a son of Otis I. Bussey, who emi- 
grated to Newburg, and became one of the pioneers of 
the township. Mr. Bussey engaged in teaching at an early 
period of his life, and became very successful m that 
profession. He received a good education and was a 
fine penman. He was Town Clerk for many years. 
Eliza Wheeler, of Hampden, became his wife, and bore 
him three children — Daniel I., Benjamin, and Lydia. 
Benjamin, the second son, received a common school 
education, and in his early life engaged in farming. In 
1852 he went to California and engaged in minmg for 
two years, at which he was successful. He returned to 
Newburg in 1857, and settled in Dixmont, where he en- 
gaged in the mercantile business two years, since which 
time he has worked at farming. He has held various 
township offices. In 1858, August 29, he was married 
to Elizabeth A. Brown, daughter of J. i\L and Julietta 
Brown, of Newburg, and has had three children — Agnes 
E., born May 18, 1859, and was killed by an accident in 
1876; Louis J., born March 16, 1863, and George B., 
born December 17, 1866, both of whom live at home. 



EDDINGTON. 



GEOGRAPHICAL. 

This is one of the oldest towns in Penobscot county, 
being tiie only one, except Bangor and Brewer, that ap- 
pears u])on the census returns of 1790, when all be- 
longed to Hancock county, and the only town whose 
census was taken by itself, the others being returned 
"with adjacent places.'' It has much shrunken from its 
ancient limits, but is still respectable in size among its 
sisterliood of the county. It has a peculiar boundary — - 
on the northwest the Penobscot, beyond which lie Veazie 
and Orono, with the fimous old "Bend" at the south- 
west corner of Eddington; on the northeast and for a 
little way on the east Bradley, with the intervening line 
making an angle in Nichols Pond, and, after passing to 
the southwestward a little way, running off sharply to 
the south, where it forms the east boundarj', with Clifton 
beyond; on the south a straight line separating Edding- 
ton from Dedham, in Hancock county; on the northwest 
of this part of the town Holden, as also on the south- 
west of the main tract of Eddington; and on the south- 
west of the western part of the town Brewer, with a 
right-lined but slightly broken boundary line between. 
No description, unless a very elaborate one, can convey 
a correct idea of the shape of the town; the reader must 
be referred to the map accompanying this voluine. The 
length of the boundary on the Penobscot is three and a 
half miles; of the side toward Bradley, six miles; that 
on Clifton, a little over five and a half miles; that west 
on Holden, a trifle more than three and one-fifth miles ; 
that on Holden southwest, and for a little way on the 
east, about five miles; and southwest on Brewer, a little 
more than one and one-third miles. The e.xtreme length 
of the town, from the middle of the curve in the river 
above Eddington Bend to a point below Nichols Pond, 
is six and one-half r.»,iles; its greatest width, from north 
to south, from a cape in Nichols Pond across the angle 
in Davis Pond, is five and one-half miles. The middle 
or main body of the town has a breadth of two and four- 
fifths miles at the northwest end, the breadth converging 
slightly to the southeast extremity, where it is but two 
and one-fourth miles; the entire distance from the north 
corner of the town, opposite Orono, to the southeast 
corner, in a straight line, striking the east corner of Hol- 
den, is a little more than nine miles. The distance from 
the west corner of Eddington at the Bend to the nearest 
point of Bangor is less than one and a half miles. 

As already indicated, Nichols Pond lies partly in the 
east angle of the town; less than a square mile of its 
surface, however, is in Eddington, the major part lying 
in Bradley. This fine sheet of water takes its name 
from James Nichols, one of the early settlers in the 



town. On the confines of Holden, at the west of the 
south projection of Eddington, stretches Holbrook Pond, 
about two and one-fourth miles in length, the larger part 
of which is also outside of the town. The boundary 
line describes a great curve in this lake. A half-mile 
outlet connects it with Davis Pond, a roundish sheet of 
nearly a mile in greatest diameters, a small part of it 
lying in Holden, and itself in turn connected with Nich- 
ols Pond by an outlet across the town. The petty stream 
uniting Snow Shoe Pond in Clifton with the Nichols 
water, passes for a short distance alonij the eastern edge 
of Eddington; and further down in the club-foot of the 
Eddington boot are the Kidder Brook and one other 
tributary of Holbrook Pond, and one affluent to the 
head of Davis Pond, from the neighborhood of Black 
Cap Mountain. The main stream of the northwestern 
half of Eddington is Blackman Brook, which rises half 
a mile from Davis Pond, and flows with a very devious 
course, altogether in this town, almost to the north 
corner, where it debouches into the Penobscot. It is 
utilized for shingle mills at two or three points, and for 
a saw-mill close to its mouth. A small tributary of the 
Eaton Brook in Brewer also rises in this part of the 
town, dips down for a short arc of flow into Holden, 
thence back into Eddington, and after about two miles' 
further course departs into Brewer. 

The most remarkable and famous feature of this town, 
next to the Penobscot River at the northwest, is the 
Black Cap Mountain, almost at the extreme southeast. 
This hill, or range of hills, is about one and one-half 
miles long, by an average breadth of a little more than 
half a mile. It towers up to a quite respectable height, 
and is conspicuous across the country for long distances 
in each direction, being a prominent object in the land- 
scape, as viewed from Bangor, and is also in view from 
the sea. Other hills and broken ground contribute to 
vary the scenery of this town. The soil of Edding- 
ton is generally good, and farming is the prominent and a 
profitable industry in the town. 

The principal village is Eddington Bend, where the 
Eddington post-office is situated. Here, besides a fair 
population, well-housed, is a Methodist church, a ceme- 
tery, and a school, with the usual stores and shops of a 
country village. It is at the junction of the old river- 
road, or military road to Houlton, with the only wagon- 
road southwesterly and south through the whole length 
of the town. This is the old "Air Line" stage-route to 
Aurora and Calais. Its main line runs six miles to 
East Eddington village and post-office, around the south- 
east bay of Davis Pond. There it divides — one fork 
running north of east into Clifton, and thence to Han- 



334 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



cock county. Just outside the village tiiis sends off a 
road due south, which runs to the north end of Black Cap 
Mountain, and is much used by visitors to that eminence. 
In the village the other fork makes off southwesterly, past 
School No. 7 and the adjacent cemetery, and School No. 
6, to an angle in the town-line one-third of a mile from 
the southwest corner, from which it passes by the head of 
Holbrook Pond into Holden. At School No. 7 it 
pushes out a south road some way into the country, 
parallel with the west flank of Black Cap. At Edding- 
ton a short cross-road runs from Davis Pond a mile or 
so, to country neighborhoods near Nichols. The main 
road toward the Bend has also some short "plug" roads, 
and a branch near the former village, by the north of 
Davis Pond into Holden. Schools No. 3 and 4, with a 
cemetery half a mile above the latter, are on' the main 
road. School No. 7 is in the river-road, a mile from the 
north corner of the town. Most of the settlement is on 
this road, and that easterly from the Bend, although the 
south division of the town is well populated. At East 
Eddington are a Universalist church, a school-house, 
hotel, etc. 

COLONEL JONATH.A.N EDDY. 

The history of Eddington properly begins with this 
hero of the Revolution and of the pioneer annals of 
Penobscot county. Jonathan Eddy was a native of 
Norton, an old but still small village of Bristol county, 
Massachusetts, born about 1726. Some time after 1758, 
being then in his manly prime, he removed to the Far 
Northeast, in the present Nova Scotia, at that time in the 
Province of Quebec, which became permanently British 
territory by the Treaty of Paris, negotiated February 10, 
1763. Here he settled at Fort Lawrence on the Cum- 
berland-' Basin, an inlet from Chignecto Bay, at the head 
of which, two miles from Fort Lawrence, was Fort 
Cumberland. He was probably one of the many emi- 
grants from New England w'ho had accepted the seduct- 
ive offers of Governor Charles Lawrence, of Nova 
Scotia, after the fall of Louisburg, to settlers upon the 
fertile lands from which the Acadians, or French Neutrals, 
had been driven. In -jursuance of his proclamations, 
six vessels carrying emigrants left Boston alone, and 
several others carried emigrants from Plymouth, Rhode 
Island, and New London, to the promised land in the 
ancient Acadia. It is very likely that Colonel Eddy was 
in one of the former parties. The place of his new 
settlement had been the scene, in May, 1755, of the 
successful movements of a fleet of forty-one English 
vessels and a land force of British regulars, against the 
French garrisons in the vicinity. Shortly after this, in 
September of the same year. General Winslow, command- 
ing the military, pronounced the terrible edict which 
removed the unhappy Acadians of Grand-Pre from their 
homes, and sent them wandering about the New World. 
This is the event made memorable in song, as well as 
story, by Mr. Longfellow's beautiful poem of "Evange. 
line." 

Colonel Eddy lived for ten years at Chignecto Bay 
where he acquired considerable influence and promi- 
nence, and became Sheriff of the county in which he 



dwelt. He was still residmg in the Province in 1776, 
when General Washington, shortly after the Declaration 
of Independence, started two agents of the colonies 
toward that region, to enlist the sympathies and perhaps 
the aid of those who were connected with the struggling 
patriots by ties of consanguinity. They were timorous '1 
of British interference, however, and did not reach their 
destination. But Colonel Eddy heard of their mission, 
and made it the occasion of a journey to Boston, where 
he represented to the General Court, from his knowledge 
of Fort Cumberland, that its garrison had been reduced 
to a number barely sufficient to care for the artillery and 
munitions of war therein, and that the sudden dash of a 
small force upon itwould undoubtedly capturethe fort. No 
aid was voted him, or direct encouragement given him ; 
but, full of his scheme, and believing firmly in its practi- 
cability and usefulness to the cause of independence, he 
returned home and devised a plan for the reduction of 
the jjost. Mr. Williamson thus tells the rest of the story: 

To ascertain its true condition he sent Captain Zebulon Rowe, who 
visited and thoroughly examined it without exciting suspicion. Eddy 
ne.\t had the address by persuasives, threats, and the promises of re- 
wards, to raise about 150 men; and with a competent number of them 
he proceeded to Chepody Hill, in tlie night time, and took a Captain, a 
sergeant, and fourteen men prisoners, without loss. The third niglit 
afterwards, he and a party of twenty-five men attacked a vessel of one 
hundred tons as she lay aground, and made prize of her. She had on 
board si.\ hundred barrels of pork and beef, a ton of candles, fifty 
firkins of butter, seven hundred new blankets, and two hogsheads of 
rum, all intended for the garrison; — a part of which, however, was re- 
taken. 

The whole fort embracedabout an acre of ground. Its entrenchment 
was fifty feet in width — the slope twenty-five feet, and the embankment 
within eight feet in height — and the breadth on the top four feet 
On the outside were pickets and logs stretched along the declivity, 
which might be rolled dow'n with the utmost ease and with great vio 
lence upon any assailants.* CoUecLing his whole force, inclusive o 
nine Indians belonging to St. John's River, he approached the fort, in 
a cloudy night, September 27, by three parties; one attempted to as- 
cend the banks by scaling ladders, while the others in different quarters 
made a furious assault. But Colonel Gorham, commander of the gar- 
rison, having been apprized of the design, and been reinforced, made a 
brave defense, killed sever^il of the invaders, and completely repulsed 
the rest. 

Seldom is a defeat attended with more painful circumstances. Those 
who had houses in the vicinity soon saw them in flames, and their fam- 
ilies in the depths of distress. No other alternative remained to the un- 
fortunate assailants than for them either to surrender at discretion or 
flee the Province. If caught, their fate might be that of rebels or even 
traitors; and, therefore, they left their families, and took their route 
along the north shore, across the river St. John at P'redericton, proceed- 
ing down the Schoodic, and thence to Machias. Here they successively .; 
arrived, half-naked and famished, having been in the woods twenty-five J 
days. Their families, who remained behind through a winter of severe" ' 
suffering, were brought away in the spring, under a flag of truce. 

This unfortunate affair is directly connected, as will be ;, 
seen below, with the settlement of Eddington. Mr. ' 
Eddy entered the Continental arniy and became a Col- ' 
onel during the war, "active, bold, and patriotic," says 
Mr. \\'illianison. Three years after its close the grant 
was made to him and his associates by the General 
Court, which forever associated his name with this no- 
table town in the Penobscot Valley. He lived long 
enough to see the promise of its future, and finally passed 
away within its borders in August, 1804, aged seventy- 
eight years. When Hancock county was formed, in 

^ There were in the fort a magazine and barracks: and a vessel of fifty guns 
could safely ride into the adjoining harbor. I 




^U<>€(^-^e/\y,(^j?ef/Aa'/-i. C t^u//^ 



7^ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



335 



1790, Jonathan Eddy, of Penobscot, was made its first 
Register of Probate. 

THE FOUND.\TION'.S. 

The settlement of Eddington had begun five years be- 
fore the grant to Eddy and his companions. As early as 
1780, eleven years after the first settler ajjpeared at 
Bangor, several families became located on this side of 
therivcr. .\mongthem were AlexanderandStephen Grant, 
Daniel Mann, Stephen Buzzell, Jacob Oliver, and P. 
Mahoney. Mr. Jordan Grant, who survived in this town 
to the great age of more than ninety years, was a descend- 
ant of one of these families. 

These peojjle, however, liad no rights as yet in the soil, 
except such equitable rights as might be derived from 
pre-occupancy. They had become well settled, however, 
when the Congress of the United States, in answer to the 
petition of Colonel Eddy and a number of other soldiers 
who had tost everything during the Revolutionary strug- 
gle, recommended their case to the benefactions of Mas- 
sachusetts, since, under the Articles of Confederation and 
the impoverished state of the nation. Congress itself 
could do nothing adequate to their sufferings and merits. 
Accordingly, on the i6th of June, 1785, the voice of the 
General Court was heard in the grant to the gallant Col- 
onel and nineteen of his comrades of the Revolution, all, 
like him, refugees from Nova Scotia, of lots of land of 
various sizes in the territory of the subsequent Edding- 
ton, the whole amounting to 9,000 acres, and to be 
located in one body. The grant seems to have contem- 
plated the prompt settlement of the tract, since it was 
conditioned in each case upon the erection of a dwelling- 
house upon the lot within two years from the date of the 
grant, and its occupation at once. Most of the grantees 
soon came upon the tract, which was regularly surveyed 
and allotted in 1787. 

The inhabitants were patient and waited for more than 
thirty years from the entrj' of the first white settlers, until 
the comparatively slow growth of population warranted 
the incorporation of a town. At length, on the 22d of 
February, 181 1, anniversary of the birthday of Washing- 
ton, the requisite act or resolve was procured, and Edding- 
ton became a full-fledged town. Colonel F^ddy was no 
longer among the living, but, in honor to his memory, the 
municipality received the fitting name of Eddy's town, or, 
more smoothly rendered, Eddington. It had now some- 
thing more than two hundred inhabitants. 

.STATISTICS OF EDDINGTON. 

In 1790 the tract now Eddington had iio inhabi- 
tants; in iSoo, 167; in 1810, 205; in 1820, 276; in 1830, 
405; 1840, 595; 1850, 696; 1S60, 856; 1870, 776; 18S0, 
746. 

The first report we have of polls in Eddington is for 
1812, when it had si.xty-five. In 1820 there were sixty; 
in i860, 194; in 1870, 220, and in 18S0, 214. 

The valuation of estates for the same years, severally, 
was $1,547.18 (tax 24 cents on the $100), $19,130, 
$'23,704. $165,235, and $128,767. 

PRESENT F.A.CTS. 

The post-otfices of this town are Eddington, with S. 



O. Day in charge, and East Eddington, A. F. Merrill, 
postmaster. 

At the latter place are two general stores, two establish- 
ments for the sale of millinery and fancy goods, one 
manufacturer of long and short lumber, clothes-pins, and 
spools, one grist-mill, one carriage-maker, two smiths, two 
carpenters, and one meat-market. A neat and spacious 
public hall has recently been erected at this place. 

At Eddington Bend is one general store, and there 
are also in the town one shingle-mill, one joiner, and one 
land surveyor. 

The Sovereigns of Industry had lately a branch in this 
town ; but the only society of note now surviving, and 
not religious, seems to be the Pine Tree Lodge of the 
Independent Order of Good Templars. 

Eddington has an annual fair, held in the large public 
hall. It makes a very creditable exhibit, which is liber- 
ally patronized by the people of the town <and surround- 
ing country, and by the citizens of Bangor. 

TOWN OFFICERS FOR 1880. 

Festus F. Merrill, L. D. Knowlton, E. L. Rich, select- 
men; A. R. Merrill, town clerk; A. F. Merrill, treasurer; 
G. B. McMahon, J. T. Hammond, constables ; J. H. 
Comins, S. O. Day, Boyden Bearce, school committee ; 
Ashbel A\'. McMahon, A. P. Bradbury, E. G. Morse, 
Albion K Merrill, (quorum), John J. Temple, (trial), 
justices. 

BIOGR.APHICAL. 

[We are again indebted to the Reports of the Adju- 
tant-General of the State for a biographical sketch of one 
of the heroes of Penobscot during the late war.] 

Lieutenant L. M. Comins was born at East Edding- 
ton, December 4, 1834, and was a graduate of Wiscon- 
sin Univeisity in 1S60. He afterwards studied law. He 
enlisted in the First District of Columbia Cavalry, Janu- 
ary 15, 1864, and before leaving the State was commis- 
sioned second lieutenant. He served with his regiment 
through its marches, raids, battles, and skirmishes to the 
time of the capture of a large portion of its number at 
Sycamore Church, when Lieutenant Comins was taken 
prisoner and lodged in Libby Prison, whence he was pa- 
roled in twenty-three days, but much emaciated and 
jirostrated by starvation and sickness. After a furlough 
he returned to the parole camp, was exchanged and trans- 
ferred to Company A, First Maine Cavalry, in which he 
served until March 31, 1864, when, under Sheridan, in 
taking the South Side Railroad, he fell with a ball in his 
right thigh. He was carried from the field by his men 
and conveyed to City Point, where he died April 14, 
1865. Lieutenant Comins was ever at his post at the 
call of duty. He was in command of his company 
when taken prisoner, and also when he received the fatal 
wound. His death was much lamented as that of one of 
the bravest of the brave men of the war. 

William Merrill settled in New Gloucester, Maine, 
and lived there some forty years; afterwards moved to 
Foxcrolt, Maine, and lived there until he died, at the age 
of eighty-six years. He married Margaret Forbes, who 
was born in Canada in 1768; she died at the age of sixty- 



336 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



two years. William Merrill, jr., the sixth child of this 
family, was born in New Gloucester June 19, 181 1. He 
had five brothers and four sisters. Their names were 
John (dead), William (dead), \\'illiam, jr., Alvin, Joel, 
Abigail (dead), Dorothy (dead), Margaret (dead), and 
Mary Ann. His early educational advantages were poor, 
and he had to go to school about t-.vo miles some eight 
or ten weeks a year. While a youth he worked on the 
farm at home. He was married to Mary D. Rich, daugh- 
ter of Arthur Rich, on the 29th day of May, 1836, and 
has eleven children — Celia M. (dead), Albion F., Arthur 
R., Carrie C, William E. (dead), Festus F., Mary E., 
Emily L. (dead), William E., Barney R. (dead), and 
Emily L. Albion F., Festus, Arthur R., William E., 
Carrie C, and Emily L. are living in Eddington, Mary 
E. in Brewer, Maine. Mr. Merrill's business is that of 
farmer and lumberman. He has held some of the town 
offices in this town. He owns a fine farm of eight 
or ten hundred acres, some two hundred and twenty-five 
of which are improved. 

John W. Towle's father was born in New Hampshire 
in 1776, and lived there thirty-six years, when he moved 
to Exeter, Maine, and resided there until his death in 
1866. His mother was born in 1784, and died in 1S66. 
They had sixteen children — Sally S., Ruth, Joshua, Jane 
S., Margaret, Benjamin W., John W., Lyman, Cyrus, 
Orel, Mary, Ebenezer, Eleanor, George F., Susan, and 
James H. John W. was born in New Hampshire in 
1807, and in 1828 moved to Jarvis Gore, now East Ed 
dington. He was married in 1832 to Miss Sarah Ward 
daughter of Peter Ward, by whom lie had three children 
■ — Cyrus F"ranklin, who married Jane Broad, and has 
three children; Russell S., who died in the army while 
on his passage to Ship Island, under General Butler; 
and Darius E., who married Ida Woodbury. Mr. 
Towle's first wife died in 1S63, and he married for his 
second spouse Mrs. Lydia L. Ford, his present wife. 
His business is farming, which he carries on on a farm 
of about forty acres. He has held some of the town 
offices. 

The father of Arthur D. Rich was born at Tarvis Gore 
now East Eddington, in 1804, and has always lived in 
this place. His wife was .Almira Davis, born in Edding- 
ton in 1808, and died in 1874. Arthur D. Rich was 
born in 1835, being the third child in the family. The 

other children were Almira D., and Jonathan S i 

■ i 
Arthur Rich was married to Fannie L. Levenseller, ; 

daughter of George V. and Nancy Rowe Levenseller, in 
i860. They have one child living, Laura B. Mr. Rich I 
is engaged in farming and lumbering. He has held some ! 
of the town offices ; in politics is a Democrat. His 
grandfather, Arthur Rich, was born in Sudbury, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1777, and moved to Jarvis Gore in 1803' 
being one of the first settlers. Reuben Rich (now liv" 
ing) was the first white male child born in Jarvis Gore. 
His wife was the first white female child born at the vil- 
lage of East Eddington. Caleb Davis, his grandfathe 
on his mother's side, died at East Eddington in 1870, 
aged ninety-two years; his wife died in 1862, aged eighty 
years. 



The father of George Davis, of Stockwell, was born 
at East Eddington, Maine, in the year 1817. His mother 
was born in Exeter, Maine, in the year 1823. Both are 
now living. The only son now living is George Davis, 
who w^as born at Bangor in the year 1850. He was the 
only child. His early educational advantages were good, 
attending the schools of Bangor city. He lived at iKime 
with his father while in youth. He was married to 
Sophia E. Budge in the year 1871. His wife's father's 
name was James Budge; her mother's Nancy G. Clifford, 
both of whom are living. They have three children: 
Amos D., May E., and Addie B., all living at East Ed- 
dington. Mr. Davis' business since his marriage was 
farming and milling. In politics he is a Greenbacker. 

The father of Jesse H. Moulton was born in Gilman- 
ton. New Hampshire, in 1776, where he lived some 
twenty-three years, when he moved to Levant, Maine 
and afterwards to Sebec, where he lived some forty years. 
He then lived in New Jersey four or five years, and 
moved to Jefferson county. New York, where he died, 
aged eighty years. His business was milling, lumbering, 
and farming. His wife was Sarah Hill, who was born in 
New Hampshire, and was married to Mr. Moulton in 
Charlestown, Maine, in 180S. She died at Sebec at the 
age of about fifty-five years. Their children were Ben- 
jamin, Jeremiah, Ejihraim, all deceased ; Maria C, 
Mary P., and Jesse H. The latter married Mary A. 
Oliver, in Houlton, Maine, in 1845. She was the daugh- 
ter of Nelson and Betsey Morrill Oliver. Mr. and Mrs. 
Moulton have five children living: Jerry, Jesse, Maria, 
Albert, and Mary, who is now teaching in Lawrence, 
Massachusetts. Mr. Moulton has held most of the town 
offices; is a Re]3ublican in politics. His business has 
been merchant, farmer and lumberman. 

Asa Comins was born in Charlton, Massachusetts, 
July 4, 1793, and after a life of seventy-five years devoted 
to milling and farming, he died at Hadley, Massachu- 
setts. He married a lady by the name of Smith, who 
died at the age of twenty-six years. They had two chil- 
dren. Sophronia married Henry Sweet, but died, leav- 
ing six children. Cooledge, the only son, was born in 
Leverett, Massachusetts, in 181 8, and educated in such 
schools as those early days afforded. He married, April 
9, 1846, Julia E. Robbins, daughter of John Robbins, 
by whom he had one child, which lived only a few hours. 
His first wife dying, he married, in 1850, Sarah J. Hall, 
daughter of Lemuel Hall, and had one child, now dead. 
He was married a third time to Mrs. Margaret B. Davis, 
May 6, 1854. January i, 1862, he married his present 
wife, Mrs. Margaret B. Clewly, daughter of John Ward 
Mr. Comins has given his time and attention to farming 
since marriage, but has found time to hold some of the 
offices of this town. He helped build the Hall at this 
place, and now lives on a farm of about one hundred 
acres. The children of the present wife of Mr. Comins, 
by a former husband, are Abbie M. and Addie S., 
the former living in California, and the latter with her 
mother. 

Lewis Bearce was born at Middleborough, Massachu- 
setts, in 1777. When eighteen years of age he moved 



HISTORY OF PEXOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



337 



to Hebron, Maine, where lie died of consumption, aged 
forty-nine years. He was a lumberman and fanner. His 
wife ^as Juditli Biukman, wlio was born at Hebron in 
1780, where she married Mr. Bearce. In 1S28 she 
moved to Fo.xcroft, Maine, where she died at the age of 
seventvsi.x. Josiah B. Bearce, fourth cliild of Lewis and 
Judith Bearce, was born at Hebron in 1816, and when 
about twenty-six years old movid to East Eddington. 
The other children were Rebekah, Bathsheba, and Levi. 
Josiah Bearce had limited educational facilities, attending 
school about six weeks during the year. He was mar- 
ried December 25, 1846, to Susan K. Hammond, daugh- 
ter of Jacob and Eunice Knights Hammond. To them 
were born five children: Flora J., married E. E. Byard, 
and has three children ; Louise M., married Chailes L. 
Libbv, and lives at home; Hoyden, married Jennie L. 
Phillips, March 5, 18S1 ; Lillie F., married Alonzo G. 
Davis, in .\iigust, 1880, and lives in Michigan; Charles 
H. lives at home. The first wife of Joiiah Bearce 
died, and in 1870 he married .-\ngie W. Hunting, by 
whom he has one child, Mabel Esielle, nine years of age. 
Mr. Bearce has held town offices, and in 1S76 was elected 
to the Slate Legislature, on the Democratic ticket, and 
served one term. 

The father of Erastus N. Comins was born in Charles- 
town, Massachusetts, and died in East Eddingion, in 
1848, at the agi of s.'venty-eight years. His mother 
Mirgiret Mansfield, was born in Oxford, Massachusetts 
and died at the a^e of seventy-five years. They had the 
following children : Catharine, Margaret, William J., and 
Coolid^e, jr., dead; and Benjamin V., Elijah, and Eras- 
tus, living. Erastus was the sixth child, and was born 
October 20, 181 1. He karntd the carpenter's trade in 
youth, but after working at it thirty years he became a 
farmer, and still continues business on a farm of some 
120 acref. He married a daughter of Jonah I'aylor, 
January 17, 1834, and had three childrm: Charlotte 
M. (dead); Chailes W., who married Hattie Hill, has 
two children, and now resides in Brooklyn, New York ; 
Amelia F., who married A. W. Campbell, and has one 
bright litil^ child three months ok! — she now resides 
with her ] arcnis. Chailotie M. was the wife of George 
H. Parsons, and left three children, all now living. Mr. 
Comins is a Republican and attends the Universalist 
church. 

Bradley Blacknnn was born at Walpole, ^L^S3achu- 
setts, in 1777. He came to Eddington when a l.ul, and 
lived here until his death, in 184S. His wife was Hep- 
sib.ih Knap]!, born in Massichusctts, and died at Brad- 
ley in 1S37. John Wesley Blackman was the sixth child. 
'I'hcy were Franci.s, Temperance, William, .Adam, 
Horace, and John Wesley. The latter married Sylvia 
K. Campbell in 1S37, and has had seven childrin, six of 
whom are living: Bradley, Almon W., Charles A., Ithiel 
C, Ella S., and Oscar (deceased). Mr. Blackman had a 
poor opportunity to obtain an education, being engaged 
at farming and as a lumberman. He was a Selectman 
and .Assessor for eight years; in politics is a Republican. 

The father of .Albion P. Bradbury was born in the 
town of Minot, Oxford county, Maine, in 17S3, and 

4] 



went from there to Foxcroft, ^L^ine. He moved to 
Bangor in ihf ytar 1S35 or 1S36, where he lived until 
his death, in ihe year 1847, at the age of sixiy-two years. 
His business was that of merchant. His wife was 
.Alethea Hersey, who was born in the town of Sumner, 
Oxford county, Maine, in 17S6, was married in Sumner 
in 1810, and with him moved to Bangor, where she 
died, in the year 1868, aged eighty-two years. Albion P., 
the oldest child in the family, was born in Foxcroft in 
the year 1817. His business is a l.iwyer. The remain- 
ing child was Matilda A., bom in the town of Foxcroft, 
Maine, about the year 1821. Married to J. W. Pottle, 
of New York City, and has three children named Mary, 
Emma, and .-\nnie, who reside in that city. Is an out- 
and-out Democrat. 

John Temple was born .-Xpril 30, 17S4. at Marlboro, 
Massachusetts, where he lived about twenty five years. 
.After several years' wandeiing he finally settled in the 
east part of this town, and resided there until his death, 
October 22, 1S6S, occupied as a fjrmer and land sur- 
veyor. He married, .August 16, 1819, Cath.iiine Bedell, 
who was born May 2, 1795, ^"'^ ^iied January 6, 1846. 
Tluir children were: Orrin, Dorothy S., Josiali S., Abi- 
gail B., Ephraim H., Miriam B., and John J. John J. 
was the thiid child, and was born in Eddington, Septem- 
ber 5, 1827. .August 31, 1S5 I, he married Broocksey C. 
.Adams, daughter of Thjddeus .Adams, and has had five 
children — Hanson J., Eita M., and Elroy E , living at 
home; and Elbert J. and .Anson, died in infancy. 

The father of Jocl Foard was born in Berwick, Maine, 
in 1 7S4, and moved with his father's f.nnily to Lyman, 
York county, when a small boy, where he died in 1859, 
aged seventy-five years. His wife was Lydia Haley, bom 
in Kittery, Maine, in 1791. They were m.uiied in ihe 
town of Lyman, where she died in 1S51. Joel Foard, 
the fifth child, was born February 11, 1814, and when 
thirteen years of age came to Eist Eddington, where he 
has since lived, engaged in lumbering and farming. The 
other children were Olive, Hiram, P.ml, Leonard, L\dia, 
and B.tsev. Joel Foard was marritd Septt-mb.r 15, 
1843, to Mi-is Betsey C. Sweet, by whom he had one son, 
C. H. \\'., who was m u ricd December 25, 1 844, to Nettie 
M. Bridgham, and h.as two children — Leonard H., and 
Bcrnice M., who reside at home. Mr. Foard kei ps a 
house of entert.iinment at E 1st Eddington, where he has 
lived al)o;it tiiirty yc.ir-. Mrs. Foard is a daughter of 
Jolin ('. and >Liiiha Campbell Sweet. 

Zelotes G. Hap«orth was born in .Amherst in 1844, 
and mniried Edna E. Thompson in 1874. They have 
four children living: William R., Cliarles E., Lucetta, 
and Leonard M. His bu>iness is lumbciing and farm- 
ing. His I'aiher was born in Mansfield, Massacluisett.s, 
and in 1831 married Lucetia (jrover, daughttr (if Zelotes 
and Margaret Fletcher Grover, by whom he had seven 
children: Horatio, Henrieta, Edwin G., Ann J., 
William B., Zelotes G., Charles L, Fannie E. He has 
been through life a lumberman, and with his wife, aged 
respectively seventy-two and seventy-three year-, are still 
living. The grandfather of Zelotes G. Hapwoith was 
' born in Ellsworth in 17S8. After marriage he removed 



338 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



to Mansfield, Massachusetts, then back to Mariaville, 
where he died, aged eiglity-six years. His wife was born 
ill Mansfield, Massachusetts, and lived to be seventy- 
seven years of age. 

Peter Ward, the fatiier of John Ward, was born in 
Charlton, Worcester county, Massachusetts, in 1781, 
where he lived some twenty-seven years, when he moved 
to East Eddington, where he ditd in 1855. His wife, 
Sarali Tucker, was also born in Charlton. They were 
married in 17S4, and she died in 1868, aged eighty 
years and eleven months. John Ward was born in 1807, 
being the eldest of the family, which consisted of Sarah, 
Lewis, Tami/,on, Harvey, .'\nn, ^Villiam B., Elmira D., 
and Emery W. John Ward married May Bond, April 
16, 1835, and has had five children, four of whom are 
now living: Margaret B., married Sanford Clewly, and 
has two children. Her first husband died and she mar- 
ried a second time, but has no children. The next 
child was Adaline S., who died aged twenty-six years. 
Asbury C. married Flora M. Sweet, and has one son. 
Almira D. married Nathaniel T. McKusick, and has lost 
one child. Nellie M., unmarried. Mrs. John Ward's 
father's name was Hollis Bond; her mother's maiden 
name was Margaret Orcutt. 

Mary A. Lambert was born in Foxcroft, Maine, in 
1819. When eighteen years of age she came to East 
Eddington, and in 1843, June 20, was married to Solon 
Sinclair, and with him moved to Brewer, where they re- 
mained some sixteen years, when they returned to East 
Eddington, wliere her husband died in 1861. After re- 
maining a widow nearly two years she married Amos 
Lambert, who died in 1878. She had few advantages 
fjr obtaining an education, attending school but about 
four months in a year when a child. She has never had 
children, but has brought up several. She was the 
youngest daughter of William and Margaret Merrill. 

Jacob Hammond was born in New Gloucester, Maine, 
in 1795, and spent all his life at farming in this State. 
He married Eunii;e Knight, who was born in 1795, and 
died in East Eddington in 1866. Their children were 
as follow: Elbridge K., who, at the age of seventeen, 
was accidentally burned in a camp on Great Works Stream 
and lived only twenty-two hours afterward; Sylvanus S., 
Susan K., and Live K., dead; and Jacob T. Jacob, the 
fourth child in the family, was born in Guilford in 1825, 
and in youth was engaged in milling and log driving. In 
1856 he married Miss Maria L. Frye, daughter of Fred- 
erick Frve, and has had six children : Effie M., Mattie 
C, Sarah A., Eunice G., Bessie S., and Elbridge M. 
One daughter is married and lives in Gardner, Massachu- 
setts. Mr. Hammond is engaged in farming and cattle 
dealing, owning a farm of three hundred acres. For sev- 
eral J ears he has been collector and constable in East 
Eddington. 

The father of George B. Glover was born at Pembroke, 
Massachusetts, in 1S09, but since he was nine years old 
lie has lived in Maine, He now resides in Buckfield, 
Oxford county, at tlie good old age of seventy-two years, 
in fair health. He married Annie D. Bryant m 1840, and 
she is still living at the age of sixty-four years. 'I'hey had 



five children: Hulda R., George B., .Annie T., living, and 
Mary A. and John N., dead. George B., the second child, 
was born in AVaterfoid, Oxford county, ^L^ine, in 1843. 
In 1865 he married Marilla Kingsbury, daughter of Elie 1 
Kingsbury, and has had three children, two living: Lil- j 
lian M., and Geneva R., residing at home. Mr. Glover 
was over ten months a soldier in the service of his coun- 
try. He has held several town offices. He lives on a 
farm of 17s acies in Eddington. 

Asa Johnson was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, 
about 1768. When about twenty-one years of age he 
removed to Gilmanlon, New Hampshire, where he re- 
mained some twenty-five years. From there he went 
to Bethlehem, New York, and lived eight or ten years, 
and spent his last days at Whitefield, where he died aged 
eighty seven years and six months. He was a tailor and 
farmer. His wife was Hannah Bean, born in Oilman- 
ton, where, about the year 1781, she married. Their 
children were : Catharine, Simeon B., James H., Joan- 
na S., Sarah S., David B., Hannah H., and W. H. T. 
William Henry T. Johnson was the eighth child. On 
the 5th of December, 1S42, he married Ruby T. Rich, 
by whom he has had six children : David B., Helen L, 
Clarence H., Diantha R., Hattie E , Edna W. Helen 
L. married A. F. Merrill, and has two children. David 
B. married .-Xbby A. Comins, and has two children. 
Chirence H. married Nellie E. Spiney, and lias one child. 
The other children are deceased. Mr. Johnson has 
worked at painting, teaching, farming, lumbering, and • 
hotel-kee|)ing. He has held both town and county 
offices, and was two terms in the State Legislature, being 
first elected in 1861. He has also been postmaster some 
twenty years. 

Nathaniel McMahon was born at Dunnell's Island, in 
the town of Georgetown, at the mouth of the Kennebec 
River, Kennebec county, June 17, 1768. He grew to 
maturity in the town of Eddington, where he passed his 
life, and died December 29, 1S31. His wife was Nancy 
Wilde, who was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, January 
23. 1773- She came to Eddington in 1795, where she 
was married in March, 1800. She died December 8, 
1826. Asahel W. McMahon was born ^Llrch 22, 1810, 
and has always lived in Eddington. He has held the 
office ol County Commissioner for three years. The 
names of the remaining children of Nathaniel McMahon 
were: Nathaniel, Samuel W., Thomas D., and .Abigail 
S. Asahel W. McMahon was married Se|Member 27, 
1832, to Lydia P. Rowell, who died March 4, 1839, 
aged thirty-one years. He married for a second wife 
Elizabeth Pease, April 26, 1840, and has two children- 
Caroline E., who married Chailes E. Baker, and has 
three children; and Emma S., wife of Ilhiel C. Black- 
man, who has one child. Mr.s. McMahon died May 8, 
1873, aged sixty seven years. 

Elislia S McFarland was born in Hancock county, 
Maine, and spent his whole life in this State, dying in 
East Eddington at the age of seventy-seven years. In 
1877 he married Hannah E. Springer, who died at the 
age of forty-three years. They had six children — Thomas, 
William A., Francis O., and Emily S., deceased; and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



339 



Elizabeth E. and Winfield S., living. William was killed 
at the battle of Faiifa.\ Court-house in 1864. Winfield S. 
McFarland, the fiCtli child, was born in Hancock in 
1835. Alter UKiving from place to place several time?, 
he finally, in 1S71, settled in East Eddington, where he 
now resides. In 1S61 he married l.aiira E., daughter of 
Josiiih (irindell, in the town of Penobscot. They have 
no children. His business is milling and farming. Sev- 
eral town and county offices have been held by him. 
He is a member of the Baptist church, and besides a 
farm of seventy-nine acres supplied with substantial 
buildings and other equipments, he has a nice residence 
in the village. 

Kennedy McMahon emigrated from Scotland to Ire- 
land in the year 1715, and two years after married Anna 
Hollerin. Their son Charles, born in 1820, in the 
year 1735 enrgrated to the State of Maine, near the 
mouth of the Kennebec River. About 1740 he mar- 
ried Elizabeth Dunnell, of Ceorgetown. Their son 
Michael, born 1741, married, in the year 1763, an Eng- 
lish lady by the name of Thankful Honon, and widi his 
wife and (;imily moved from the'Kennebec to Eddington 
in 1770, and located upon the farm whicli A. \V. Mc- 
Mahon now resides upon. In the spring of 1777 he was 
drowned in what is now called Gardner's Falls, near 
Eddington Bend. Nathaniel, his only son, was at that 
time only nine years old, but he with his mother and 
five sisters bufleted the storms of liie through the hard 



limes of the Revolutionary struggle, and came out 
bright in the end. Nathaniel had four sons, three of 
whom are now living, A. W. McMahon being the 
yomigest. 

Wilder Broad was born at Albion, Kennebec county, 
Maine, where he grew to manhood. He lived sonic 
ten years in New Brunswick, then went to Mobile, Ala- 
bama, where he died in 1S19, at about ihiiiy-two years 
of age. He was bv trade a blacksmith. His wife was 
Hannah Stevens, who was born in Albion, Maine, and 
after her husband went to .'\labania she moved to Epping, 
New Hampshire, aged about seventy years. After the 
deatli of Mr. Broad she married Henry Sanborn, who 
is also deceased. Daniel S. Broad, her son by her first 
husband, was born in Albion, Maine, in 1809, and dur- 
ing early life lived in several different places. He mar- 
ried Mai y Jane Woodcock, who died leaving four chil- 
dren — Eliza Ann, l.ouria K., killed during the late war; 
Jane Maria. After the death of Mrs. Broad he married 
Mary J. Burrell, daughter of Rufus Moulton, and had 
five children — Elisha H.; Louisa: Franklin, killed in the 
late war; Alverado, and .'Vlphonso, the former deceased. 
Alphonso married the daughter of Mr. Warren, of Ban- 
gor, and li\es in Berkeley, California. By her first hus- 
liand his second wile had three children — Lizzie, wife of 
S.imuel G. Patten; .'Mbert J., wl-.o mnrried Angelinc 
Jameson; Ellen H. (deceased), married Henry A. Patter- 
son. In politics Mr. Broad is a Republican. 



EDINBURG. 



Our story now reaches up the valley of the Penobscot, 
into one of the more sparsely settled tracts, and stops at 
Edinburg, on the west bank of the Penobscot, lying be- 
tween that stream, Lagrange on the west, Howland on 
the north, and Argyle on the souTli. On three sides this 
snug little town is bounded by straight lines — five miles 
long on the north, four and three-quarters on the south, 
and five and one half on the west side. The north and 
south lines are not perfectly parallel, but approach a lit- 
tle to the eastward, being some forty rods nearer each 
other on the cast side of the town than on the west. 
^Vilhin its jurisdiction are a number of the Indian islands 
opposite the Penobscot front, among the ])rincipal of 
which are Long Island, Jo Mitchell, and Nicolar 
Islands. These, with one other islet, are the northern- 
most, and there are ten others below them, before passing 
the soutli town line. None of them are inhabited. 

Edinburg is si.\teen miles from the north line of Ban- 



gor. It is only settled as yet on the river road running 
close to the west bank of the Penobscot, which is the 
only highway of general im|iortance in the town. Neatly 
si.\ miles of this road are in Edinburg, and settlement is 
so fiir almost restricted to the noilhern half of it, though 
there are some scattered habitations toward the southeast 
come;. School-house No. i is in the north part, oppo- 
site Long Island. The people have no church, post- 
office, or railroad, but are accommodated in all these 
particulars at Passadumkeag Station, in the adjoining 
town, on the European and North American Railway. 

Across the southwest angle of Edinburg fiows the 
Hemlock Stream, a water of some twelve miles' length, 
which lises in the central north part of Lagrange, and 
Hows with a general southeast course into Argyle, where 
it empties into the Penobscot. A similar statement is 
true of the Hoyt Brook, which is of about the same 
length, rises north of Lagrange, in Medford town, Piscat- 



34° 



HISTORY OF PENODSCOT COUNTY, MAIXE. 



aquis comity, and bisects Edinbiirg by ahiiost a diagonal 
from nortlnvcst lo soutlicast, and also reatbcs the Pe- 
nobscot in Arsjyie. The Pollard Brook-, however, rising 
in Huwbnd, has a course of three to four miles in Edin- 
burg, where it receives one short tributary from toward 
the northeast corner, and (lows into the river a liitle be- 
low Nicol.ir's Island. One-third of a mile south of its 
mouth another stieam, of a mile and a c[uarter's length, 
comes in from th,- west. A very small tributary also rises 
near the southeast corner of Edinburg, and flows across 
the adjacent angle of the town of Argyle to the Penob- 
scot. 

As we shall see when the history of Passadumkeag is 
reached, there is reason to believe that the French were 
in tliis region, at the head of Nicolai's Island, in the 
river, in the early p.Trt of ihe last century. 'I'he authen- 
tic history of Edinburg, however, begins with 1827, when 
the first while settlers made their location upon it. 
Within the short space of seven years the tract li.id pop- 
ulation cnouLih to warrant the erection of a town 



upon it, and Edinburg was incorporated January 3r, 
1835, the same year with Passadumkeag, but just thirty 
days later. 

'I'his town had 52 inhabitants in 1S40, 93 in 1S50, 
when it seems to have reached the maximum of its 
growth, 48 in 1S60, 55 in 1870, and 45 in 18S0. 

The number of its |)olls in i860 was 17, in 1S70 13, 
and in 1880 1 1. 

The estates of the town in these several years were 
vaUu d at $13,7 13, $19,436, and $17,740. 

Edinburg is <h:efly an agriculiur.il town, so far as de- 
veloped ; but there is still some lumbering done, and at 
least one saw mill is kept going in the town. 

The town officers at last report were: Charles W. 
Eldiidge, CharLs M. Farnham, Jo-.hua A. Eldridge, 
Selectmen ; Charles M. Farnham, Town Cleik ; Jere- 
miah B.ichelder, Treasurer ; Charles W. Eldridge, Con- 
stable ; Charles M. Farnham, School Supervisor. 

There was formerly a Free-wiil Baptist society in this 
town. 



ENFIELD. 



Enfield corners on Edinburg, in the Penobscot River. 
It is on the east side of the stream, which separates it 
from Howland and a strip of Mattamiscontis. On the 
northeast is Lincoln, on the east Lowell, and on the 
south LowlU and Passadumkeag. Almost the entire 
eastern part of the town is filled with the Cold 
Stream Pond, which is wholly in this town, e.\ce|)t 
the extremity of one little liay, someih ng more of 
another, and about half a square mile of the southern- 
niost bay, which are in Lowell. .■\bout one-third 
of the are.i of the town is occupied by tliis water. With- 
in a few years it has been abundantly stocked with sal- 
mon by the State Fish Commissioner. Most of the Lit- 
tle Cold Stream Pond, howevtr, which lies along the 
northeastern and eastern border, is outside of the town, 
in Lincoln and Lowill. It is nearly one and one-half 
miles in width fiom cast to west, and a trifle more in 
length from north to south. At its south e.Mremi'.y is 
Bog Island, ojiposite the mouth of Bog Brook, which is 
wholly in Lowell. Cold Stream Pond, fiom the northern 
end near the northeastern boundary of the town, to the 
southern extremity of the laige bay before mentioned, is 
four and two-thirds miles Ion','. Its c.Nireme breadth, from 



the little bay west of the spot known as Weasel Island, 
is about three miles. It is quite a noble and important 
sheet of water. On the Lowell side it receives the petty 
Jack Brook, about two-fifths of the way down the west 
shore, and the Barnard Brook three-fourths of a mile 
further down. Its outlet, the Cold Stream, leaves the 
Pond at Enfield, a mile north of the town line, and fiows 
west and west of south about one and one-half miles, 
when it passes iuto Passadumkeag, and there to the 
Passadumkeag River. Acioss the town westward, Bea- 
ver Brook heads half a mile from the river, and flows 
two miles in Enfield, when it also passes into Passadum- 
keag. One third of a mile due east of the head of Bea- 
ver is the source of Bear Brook, which joins the former 
a little distance above the town line. In the north and 
west of the town tliree small tributaries, any one of them 
scarcely more than a mile in length, flow into the Penob- 
scot. 

Enlield being on t!ic old military road, and also oa 
the European & North American Railway, — which passes 
through the town on a general parallel with the river, but 
nearly two miles from it, and has a station and a long 
switch a mile west of Enfield village, — the town has 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



341 



grown more than many otlier nortlicrn towns, and lias a 
respectably numerous populaiion along its leading high- 
ways. About fight miles of the rivcr-ioad are in this 
town. 'I'hcre is a hotel stand upon it, at a road junc- 
tion a little more than a mile (Vom the south town line, 
with School No. 7 just below it; and School No. 2 is 
only a little below the north coiner of the same road. 
Contrary to the general rule, however, in the river towns, 
the bulk of settlement is not on this road. It is very 
thinly settled, except at the southwest corner of the town; 
while the middle north and south road, one to two ni;les 
from it, and joining it just before the latter crosses the 
Lincoln line, is quite densely poijulated. Upon it, two 
miles below the north corner of the town, is School No. 
5; as far south ot that is School No. 6, the road passing 
a cemetery about three-fifths of the way down. It ends 
at the east and west road staitingat the hotel stand afore- 
said, and running ncaily due cast a little more than a 
mile from the town line to Enfield village, sending off a 
little east of Bear Brook a road to the town line, where 
the track of the Eurojjean & North American Railway 
crosses it. 'I'his, the only east and west road across the 
town, is four miles long. At Enfield village another road 
conies in from the direction of Lincoln, along the west 
shore of Cold Stream Pond, passing School No. 3 and 
throwing off two or three short neigliboihood tracks on 
the way. It passes through Enfield, and about one and 
a quarter miles further to the southwest, when it runs 
into Passadumkeag, and on to the postotficc of that 
name. A little out of the village a ro;id from Lowell, 
running northwesterly about a mile in this town, termin- 
ates. A short road from near the Cold Stream outlet, 
in the village, runs to the highway, comiileting a small 
equilateral triangle. 

Enfield is the only village and post-office in the town. 
It has a Baptist church and cemetery. School No. 4, a 
hotel, a store, and several mills and shops. 

The total area of the town is fil'teen thousand acres. 
It is sixteen miles from B.ingor. In the river along its 
front are about ten of the Penobscot reservation islets, 
among them Gordon, Moon, and Pierce I^Linds. The 
last-named is opposite the middle of a liMig, narrow 
island, whose lower end is nearly two miles from the 
southwest corner of the town, and which is I'ormed by a 
boat canal, of about a mile's length, on the Enfield side 
of the river. 

The soil of the western half of Enfield is for the 
most part level, and consists of a il.iyey loam, which 
needs manuring in order 10 its best productivitv. The 
eastern |iart is more broken, but the soil is stronger, and 
produces crops in usual quantity and variety for this re- 
gion. In the northeast of the town are some fine gran- 
ite ledges, which are availablj for building material. 
There is excellent water-power in the town, which has 
been utilized to some extent for grist- and s.rw-mills and 
shingle-machines. Freshets on the one hand, and drought 
on the other, do not often interfere with the efficiency of 
the powers. 

The first settlers in this town were from down the 
river and to the westward, from Bangor and from Buck- 



fiild, in Oxford county. The earliest one, John Wood, 
is generally supposed to have got in by 1819, though he 
may not have b.en on the ground before 1820. He 
made a clearing near the present south line of the town. 
Soon after, in 182 i, Mr. Joseph 'I'reat, of the old Pangor 
family, \\h> had an extensive grant in this quarter, had a 
saw- and giist mill constructed at the mouth of the Cold 
Sream, which aided to stimulate settlement. It was 
subsequently destroyed, and then was rebuilt by his 
brother, John Treat, iii pattnership with John, Jr., and 
Edward W. Treat, sons of ihj latter. 

'I'he Treat Grant consisted of five thousand acres of 
woodland, lying in the south part of the present town. 
North of it was 'I'ownship No. i, cast of the Penobscot 
river, comprising about ten thousand acres. January 31, 
1S35, the same day that Edinburg was erected, these 
two tracts were united by the State Legibl.iturc to form 
the new town of Enfield. 

In 1S40 this town had 346 ]jco]ile; in 1850, 396; in 
1S60, 526; in 1870, 545; and in 1880, 489. 

Its polls numbered in 1S60, loi; in 1870, 120, and in 
1S80, 133. 

Its estates in the same years were $47,886, $90,204, 
and $64,224. 

Enfield has one Regular Baptist society, owning a 
meeting-house, and ministered to by Elder .Alvan Messer. 
A ''Church of God" was also formerly org.inized here. 

The district school-houses of the town number seven. 

The Morning Star Lodge, Independent Order of Good 
Templars, was until litely in existence, but i> not now 
actively working. 'I'he Cry.stal Fountain Grange, No. 
227, I'atrons of Husbandry, appears to be now the only 
semi-public society in the town. 

One general store is kept in town, and there is one 
smith. Among the lumber industries of the town, be- 
sides those before mentioned, a peculiar manufacture is 
that of rafiing wedges, of which a million or more were 
formerly made yearly. 

The town ofificers of Enfield for 1S80 were as follow: 
Henry W. Fiske, James \V. McKenney, George H. John- 
son, Selectmen; Rev. AKan Messer, Clerk; J. E. M. 
Gilman, Constable; Jolin Treat, Treasurer, who is also 
Postmaster and a Justice of the Peace; Mrs. Clara M. 
Cleaves, School Supei visor; M. L. Dyer, John Treat, 
(quorum) Justices. 

NOTES OF SETTI.UMENT. 

Alvan Messer, of Enfield, is a son of Stejihen Messer, 
second. Stephen .Messer, first, was born inScotland, and 
emigialed to this country about the year 1765. He 
settled in .Vndover, Massachusetts, where Stephen the 
second was bom in 1773. .M)out the year 17S0 he 
[Ste))hen the firsi] removed to Shelburne, New Hamp- 
shire. In the Revolutionary war he was driven off with 
others by the Indians He, however, returned and h'd 
command of a guard of men sent in by the Government 
to protect the settlers from the Indians. He had twelve 
children, four sons and eight daughters. Stephen the 
second, who first settled in Lowell, Maine, married Mary 
Harling, born' 1774. They had seven children, four sons 
and three daughters, of whom only Alvan ar.d Hannah 



342 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



[Mrs. Gra\] are living. He died in 1S33 in Lowell. Mrs. 
Messer died in 1849. Alvan Messer was born in Blue 
Hill in iSoS. He married Jane Gu;)iill, who was born 
February 3, iSii. Tliey were married October 29, 
1S29. Tluir cliildren are Stephen D, deceased; .Sarali 
P., now Mrs. Si.T]jles; Haniet N., dece.ased. Mr. Messer 
is a Baptist minister by profession, and by trade a house- 
rarpcnter and builder. He has made two missionary 
lours to the Far West. 

Mr.;. Clara M. Cleaves, of EnfKLl, is a daughter of 
Nathaniel and Clarissn Jones [/lee Clarissa Wickwire]. 
Nathaniel Jones was a son of Isaac Jones, of Bowdoin. 
He was born in Bowdoin, June 14, 1797, and came into 
Penobscot county when a young man, and settled first at 
Oldtown. Heaiierwards kept hotels at Lincoln, Haynes- 
ville, Houlton, Passadumkcag, and in Enfield, at the 
mouth of . the Piscatr.quis. He had four children, 
viz.: Esther S., Margaret, wife of Samuel Crocker; Isaac 
M., of Patten, Maine; and Clara M., now Mrs. Cleaves. 
Mr. Jones Ik Id prominent offices in towns where he 
lived. He was First .Selectman at the time of his death. 
He was a successful business man, and accumulated 
a good jiroperty. He was well and favorably known 
throughout the county. He d;ed in August, 1S76; Mrs. 
Jones died in December, 1875. Clara M., now Mrs. 
Appleton Ckaves, is with her sister in Enfitld. Mr. 
Cleaves is engaged in lumbering in the Province of New- 
foundland. Mrs. Cleaves is Supervisor of Schools of En- 
fie'.d at the present time. 

Mr. William Edgecomb, of Enfield, is a son of Levi 
Edgecomb, of Paisonsficld, Maine. He was a son of 
Thomas Edgecomb, of the same town, but who was born 
in Hullis, M.iine. Levi Edgecomb married Harriet Sut- 
ton, of Limington, Maine. They had nine children, 
viz: John S., now of Parsonsfitld ; Louisa, deceased; 
Cyrus, now of Bradley, Maine; William; Ezckiel, in 
California; James; Josc])h, in Porter, Maine, and Harriet 
J. They lost one in infancy. Levi Edgecomb ditd 
July 22, 1864. Mrs. Edgecomb died March 13, 1872. 
William Edgecomb was born August 3, 1S23. He first 
settled in Brewer, where he lived about ten years, en- 
gaged in farming. He mo\ed to Enfield in 1854 and 
bought the farm where he now resides. He married 
Susan S. Cl.ipp, daughter of Billings and Emily Clanp, 
of Bos'. on. They have eight children, viz: Levi B., of 
Enfield; Hattie E., wife of Joseph Walker, of Iowa; Wil- 
liam H., of Enfield; Annie A.; iMinnie C., now Mrs. 
Winfield Scott, of Enfield; Mary A.; George W., and 
Susie L. They lost one in infancy. 

Among the earliest settlers in Enfield was Mr. Smith 
Gilman. He came here about 1S22 from Freedom, 
Kennebec county. He was born in 1792, August 16, in 
Gilmanton, New Hampshire. His father's name was 
William Gilman, and his mother .Innie Gilman («;v 
Thomas). They had ten children, of whom Smith is the 
seventh. When he came here there were but four acres 
of trees felled. He has cleared up the lind where he 
now lives. He mairied Jane Whitten. They had seven 
children: Abigail, deceased; Jane, deceased; Annie; 
Caroline; Susan; Smith, deceased, and David. He is 



now living with his son Smith's family. iMrs. Gilman 
died February 19, 1S68. When he came here they had 
no road in summer and brought supplies by boat or on 
sleds in winter. They had to go on horseback through 
the woods. His son, Smith Gilman, died January 2.^, 
1872. Mr. Gilman in his early manhood and middle 
lil'e often held prominent offices in the town. He was 
also a Representative in the State Legislature in 1S55. 
He is now eighty-nine years old, and still retains his 
faculties to a remarkable degree, stating clearly the facts 
and incidents of seventy years ago. 

Mr. John Treat, of Enfield, is a son of John and Ro- 
sanna L. Treat, ut'e Rosanna Duggins. John Treat, Sr., 
was a son of Robert Treat, who lived in Bangor but 
came originally from Haverhill, Massachusetts. John 
Treat, Sr., came to Enfield from Bangor in 1S23. John 
and Rosanna Treat had nine children, of whom John is 
the eldest now living. Their names were Mary E., 
John, Harriet, Edward H., Joseph, Sarah, Rosanna, 
Margaret A., and Caroline P. Of the girls only Caroline 
is now living. Mr. 'I'reat died in 1867. Mrs. Treat 
died in 1S42. John Treat, Jr., was born July 10, 1S17, 
in Bangor. He came here when a lad and has been en- 
gaged in milling and merchandising all his life. He 
owns the mill in the town which manufactures about 
two million rafting wedges each season. Mr. Treat 
has a fine residence in the village. He has long been 
Town Treasurer, and in 1861 he was sent to the State 
Legislature, being a member at the time the war broke 
out. He married Elizabeth W. Buzwcll, of Atkinson, 
Maine, 'j'hey have five children, viz: Ella M., wife of 
Robert Brady, Jr., of Brook!) n. New York; Silas B., 
now of Brooklyn, New York; Mary E., and Chailes B., 
■It home. 

Adoniram J. Darling, of Enfield, is a son of Walker 
Darlin^f, who came here from Blue Hill in 1825. His 
father was Jonathan Darling, who was a son of Jonathan 
Darling, who came from England. Walker Darling 
married for his first wife Susan Shorey, from Canaan, 
Maine. By her he had five children, three sons and 
two daughters, viz: Jonathan, now of Lowell; Adon- 
iram; Emeline, deceased; Emily, deceased; George 
Washington, deceased. Mr. Darling died in 187S, and 
Mrs. Darling died in 1S45. ^I""- Darling used to hold 
prominent town offices during his life. He was a major 
in the Madawaska war. Adoniram J. Darling was born 
August 9, 1832, in Enfield. Here he has always lived. 
His present farm is a part of the old homestead where 
his farther settled. He married Mary Louisa Hathorn, 
daughter of Robert and Lydia Hathorn {jtee Lydia Dar- 
ling). They have three children, viz: Henry W., 
Charlie E., and Hattie L. Mr. Darling has held the 
office of Selectman, Town .'Vgent, etc. His ]3lace is in 
the south part of EiificlJ, on the Shore of Cold Stream 
Lake, called by the Indians Ammadamast. 'I'his is a 
beautiful lake of clear, cold water, stocked with salmon 
and trout. 

James SkiUings, of Enfield, is a son of Nathaniel and 
Sarah Skillings {^we Sarah Donne). Nathaniel Skillings 
was a native of Wtstbrook, Maine. Here he lived and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



543 



died. He was n soldier in ihe War of 1 812. Nathaniel 
and S.irali Skilliiiys had ten children, viz: .■\tifie, Har- 
riet, \\'illiaiii, Eunice, Jane, Edward, James, Sopliia, 
William ■ Henry, Cliailes Henr)-. Nathaniel Skillings 
died in 1836. James Skillings, the third son of this 
familv, was born December 25, 1S21. He went into 
the armv before he was eighteen, and remained uniil 
1873. He was in tlie war with Mexico and with Taylor 
at Buena Vista, Palo Alio, Resacadc la Palma, and other 



engagements. During his army lite he was stationed at 
various places. In 1873 he came to Enfield and settled 
on a farm with his son. His son died in 1879, and Mr. 
Skillings is now carrying on ihe business. He mariicd 
Ruble Haskell, daughter of James Haskell, of Houlton, 
Maine. 'I'hey have had five children, all of whom arc 
deceased except one, Kate H. He has a good farm of 
one hundred acres on the Ridge road, noiih of Enfield 
Station about one mile. 



ETNA. 



The narrative now moves a long way to the southwest, 
and gets again west of Bangor, from which Etna is dis- 
tant but twelve miles, the breadth of the intervening 
towns, Carmel and Hermon. Carmel is the bounding 
town of Etna on the east; on the south Dixmont, be- 
yond which is Waldo county; on the west Pljmouth, 
with Somerset county beyond; and on the north Stetson 
and a narrow strip of Newpoit. Like all ihe towns in its 
neighborhood, Etna is six miles long; but has been 
squeezt'd in between Plymouth and Carmel to greater 
nario«ness, being only four miles wide through five miles 
of its length, and only three and ihree-eightiis broad dur- 
ing the remaining mile. 

Within this space, however, a prosperous and some- 
what numerous ])opulation has been settled, numbering, 
by the last census, eight hundred and ninety-five, or 
about thirty to the square mile. Against the experience, 
toj, of most of the towns of Penobscot, the population 
has never been more than this; and these figures repre- 
sent an increase of six per cent, on the census of 1S70. 
Etna village is a thriving place about a cross-roads a little 
more than a mile from the north line of the town, and in 
the vicinity of Parker Pond. It has a Baptist church, a 
school, and other public and semi-public buildings, and 
a station of the Maine Central Railroad, which passes a 
little north of the village, and has about three and one- 
third ni:les of its tiack in this town. Until of late years, 
this place had the only post-office in Etna; but the in- 
creasing demands of the people have led to the eslab- 
li.shment of the Etna Centre office at the cross roads 
about two miles south of Etna village, and also South 
Etna, in the I. .'\. King neighborhood. Along the mid- 
dle of the east and west road, half a mile from the souih 
line of the town, coming in from Carmel, running nearly 
three miles west, and then dipping off southwest into 



Dixmont, is a tolerably crowded settlement; and School 
No. 4 stands a little below the angle it makes in the 
southwest of the town. Only one of the three north 
and south roads that strike this highway crosses it — the 
easternmost of them, which is the only one traversing the 
entire length of the town. It comes in from Stetson, 
near the Etna and Carmel Pond, runs through Etna vil- 
lage and by Etna Centre post-ofifice, and so on southward 
with a general distance from the east town line of one- 
half to three-quarters of a mile. It passes a school- 
house half a mile above the east and west road, and a 
mile further runs out into Dixmont. The westernmost 
of the north and south roads begins near School No. 4, 
and alter two or three zigzags strikes off due north, jiass- 
ing School No. 5 at ihe intersection of the east and west 
road through Etna Centre, and almost two miles further 
ends at a highway running from the northernmost east 
and west road southwesterly to Plymouth. West of this 
latter road another and shorter line connects it and the 
road next previously mentioned. This comes in from 
Carinel post-office, running northwest to the Etna line, 
and thence north of west through Etna post office and 
by a cemetery over half-way across the town to its exit 
into Plymouth, very nearly at the northwest corner of 
the town. School No. 8 is at the intersection of roads 
a mile from the corner. Just west of Etna village a 
neighborhood road from Etna Station crosses the man 
route, and goes zigzagging off into the country. The 
only oilier road of importance is one of two and one third 
miles in length, running norih and south one and a half 
miles from the west line of the town, and connecting the 
road through Etna Centre with the east and west road at the 
south of tlie town, .^part from the centers of popula- 
tion before referred to, the settlers are quite evenly dis- 
tributed along the highways. 



344 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The most conspicuous of the Etna waters is the Etna 
and Carmel Pcjnci, with P.iikcr Pond in close associa- 
tion. They liave been describtd in our account of Car- 
mel. Thev lie in the nortiieast angle of tlie town, and 
about ohe-thirdof ilieir surface of, say, one square mile 
lies in Etna. Parker Pond receives at its west end, from 
the southwestward, a small tributary about two miles 
long, rising in the nonli central part of the town. Half 
a mile southwest of its source heads anotlier brook? wiiich 
runs off in the same direction to Plymouth Pond, receiv- 
ing in Etna one tributary from the nortliwaid, rising in 
Plymouth, and one on the south, llowing wholly in Etna. 
South of the List a |)ftty rill runs into the stream con- 
necting Skinner and Plymouth Ponds. The headquar- 
ters of a pretty long tributary of Kingsley Stream, flow- 
ing westward, are near the center of Etna, and the be- 
ginning of another affluent of the Kingsley is about the 
middle of the south line of the town. The creeks that 
head about the north center of Etna end with one rising 
about two miles southwest of Etna post-office, and flow- 
ing northerly some two and a half miles toward tlie noith 
town line. 

The surface of this town is rather broken, but its soil 
is generally good, and proves well adapted to the raising 
of grass and grain crops. 

ORIGINAL PROPRIETORSHIP.""' 

This township was granted by tlie Legislature of Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1794, to Bowdoin College, with five other 
townships at the same lime, and was so'd by the trustees 
of the college soon after for ten cents per acre. The 
town then contained 23.040 acres; it now contains 14.880 
acres, "more or les^." It was lotted out in 1806 by 
Hcrrick & Brother into eighty acre lots, under the direc- 
tion of John Crosby, of llampd:n. He hid bjcome 
owner of the to.vnship, and afterwards sold it to William 
Grav, of Boston, Massachusetts, reserving what he had 
sold to settlers and one-sixth part which he h.id previ- 
ously sold to Rucl Williams. One thousand two hundred 
acres were also rcS;.-rved for schools, for the sup])ort of 
the gospel, and for the fir>t settled minister. But the 
first settled minis:er never got the land, ani no part of 
it ever went to support the gospel, but in the end went 
to support schools. This land sold I'or about $1.50 per 
acre, and in the course of events it all went into the 
town treasury and was used to pay running t.xpenses. 
While it was in the hinds of trustees it took quite a 
portion of the interest to pay the e.\]jense of looking 
after it and the other matters. 

THE I'lRST SETTLE.MENT 

of Etna was mide May 27, 1807, by Phineas Friend 
and Benjimin Friend. Both f.uiiilies mov,.d into one 
l,)g house, which they erected in tli,' m d-.t of an un 
broken wilderness, with ju^t trees enough fe'.Ld to make 
room to build the house upon. The door of the house 
was made of split cedar and hung with wooden hinges 
and a wooden latch, with a leather string on the outside 
to lift the latch; a rock chimney w.is topijcd off with 

'.Vearly all the rcm.ii.idcr uf ihU cli.ipler has been prep.ired liy the 
Han. John C. Friend, a le idins ciuze:i of the tDwn, and a d^cendant 
of one of the pioneer brothers of hia name. 



split slicks laid in clay, which was at that time called a 
"eat chimney;" the mansion was shingled with spruce 
bark peeled fom- feet long, l.iid upon ribs placed two feet 
apart, and another rib laid on the bark exactly over the 
under rib, both ribs running over the ends of the house 
so as to make room to tie a withe around them so as to 
hold the bark on the house. There was not a nail used 
in building the cabin, nor any glass windows. It was 
built sixteen by thirty feet stpiare, with fourteen occu- 
pants; eleven males and three females. 'J'he nearest 
neighbor was two miles off, in an adjoining town. The 
only domestic anim.ils that were brought with them were 
one pig for each family and one dog. 

Immediately after the first house was erected, they 
commenced and built the second in the same manner as 
the first, without nails or glass, with holes cut into the 
logs to let light in; and in the course of the season there 
were four squares of glass put into the houses, two lights 
in each house, set in a hole cut into the logs, furnishing 
each family with a very comfortable amount of light. 
The chamber floor was made of straight spruce poles, 
peeled, upon which the boys used to sleep of nights. 
One morning they found a large owl perching upon their 
head-board, and after calling upon him to be gone, he 
made some obstinate resistance against being disturbed 
in his part of the twenty four hours' sleep and rest. But 
he found, after a somewhat lengthy combat, he was only 
second best; and the final lesult was capital punishment 
for the crime of house breaking in the night time. 

Immediately after the two families were comfortably 
settled in their new homes, they began to subdue the 
forest. Each family felled about fifteen acres of trees, 
and in the fall of that season the most of the land was 
cleared. In the spring of 180S it was all sown to wheat, 
and the result was that in the fall they harvested about 
three hundred bushels of the grain. The new setders 
coming in that year made a quick market for all the sur- 
plus of crops. 

A GREAT AND MIGHTY HUNTER. 

In June, 1807, those two pioneers were made to re- 
joicx' by an accebsion to their number, and having a new 
neighbor come into the town. It was Mr. Samuil 
Parker, who was by occupation a hunter, and made sad 
havoc. among the wild animals, such as the otter, fox, 
sable, raccoon, and List, but not least, the bear, which 
wrought great destruction with the sheep and corn. Mr. 
Parker seemed to make some impression upon the small 
animals, but the bear ajjpeared to be determined to stand 
his ground, and was not so ready to yield. At times, in- 
deed, he contended earnestly for his rights, and would 
have his portion of coin and mutton; and when he 
could not get either, he would take laiubs, ratherthan be 
crowded off uith half his rights. Often he was accused 
of taking more than his part, which was the case one 
night, when he took a whole sheep and five lambs from 
Phineas Friend. For this he was tried and condemned 
to be shot; but he escaped after sentence was in part 
executed, leaving bloody signs of parole. It was never 
known whether he confiscated any more sheep and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



345 



Iambs or not; but one thing was certain, he did not take 
any the next day. 

Mr. Parker began to luint here in the fall of 1S07. 
The sables and minks were the first animals he souyht 
for; and as the snble had undisputed ran_^e of the forest, 
it had the most ot his attention the first few years. His 
mode of trapping them was to make a circuit of some 
ten or twelve miles around by a spotted line, dragging a 
piece of a muskrat for the sable to follow from one trap 
to another. Tiie trap was constructed of a few chips 
cut from a tree and baited "iih the same meat he 
dragged on the ground. In this manner he caught large 
numbers of tliese animals, which he sold for about 
twenty cents each. Ai one time he had his traps robbed, 
and some of them nearly destroyed, which annoyed him 
very much; and it was a great wonder to him who or 
what it was that committed the depredations. He would 
have been very willing to lay it to the Indians, if there 
had been any about. At last he met the thief one day 
with three of his sables in his mouth going for another. 
.\t first he hardly knew what to call him, as he had so 
much whisker, and he wondered whether it was an ani- 
mal, a bird, or an Indian devil, as the last-named genile- 
man had the reputation of inhabitmg the forest. But 
without much forethought Mr. Parker leveled his fowling- j 
piece at him, discharged its contents at the intruder, and 1 
at once laid him out in the shape of a wolverine, which 
ever afterwards had to bear the dishonor of lobbing the 
traps, although it was charging the dead with what he 
could not rejjly to. 

The tradiiicm goes that Parker in one fall caught 
about 300 sables, 25 minks, 7 otters, 150 nuiskrats, 9 
foxes, and 2 beavers; and report fails to tell how many 
ducks and partridges he shot, but the number was very 
large. One night he caught two foxes in one trap, of 
which he was always fond of telling to the end of his 
life. After thinning out the game so as to make it un- 
profitable, in after years he would take a back-load of 
traps and a Utile salt, and go up the Penobscot River to 
hunt for the same game in the wilds of the north as he 
had been taking in "Crosbytown," as this plantation was 
then called. Finally, in the summer of 1819, after liv- 
ing here twelve years, he took his family and removed to 
the Passadumkeag River, where he continued the same 
occupation for many years. 

MORE PIONEERS. 

In the spring of 1808 there were three more families 
that moved into this region — Mr. Bela Sylvester, Mr. 
James Harden, and Mr. John Jackson. There were also 
six other young men without wives, who came in to sub- 
due the forest — the three Dennetts (Reuben, Dennis, 
and John), two Sylvesters (Asa and Calvin), and David 
Hooper. 

This year Benjamin Friend erected the first frame 
barn, and Phineas Friend made him a log barn about 
tweniy-five by thirty-five feet square and fourteen feet 
high, and covered it with bark. Into this barn he stowed 
a large amount of grain, which had been gathered on 
hay-poles, or, more properly speaking, grain-poles; and 



in the fall of 1808 they imported each a cow, which they 
wintered on wheat straw that wns said not to be half 
threshed, which is too true to be disputed at this late 
day. 

During the winter of 1S08-9 the inhabitants made a 
fence around a cow-pasture one mile square, to keep 
their stock from straying too far. One foggy d.iy one of 
the neighbors went after his cow, and he liimself strayed 
so far as to be obliged to lie out one night at least, and in 
the morning he was compelled to follow the brook home, 
which (the brook) he said ran the wrong way of the com- 
pass, it' indeed it did not run up hill. It Kd him home, 
however, at last to see his anxious family, who had spent 
a sleepless night, as he had. The cow, which had Na- 
ture's com])ass, came home soon alter the owner started 
for her, who seemed to have been the only hajipy one 
through the wtary night, and the hallooing and crying did 
not seem to affect her in the least — the only anxiety she 
seemed to express was to have her cud properly chewed 
and swallowed. 

THE PIONEER CHILD. 

On the 24th day of October, 180S, the first child was 
born; and in honor to the then ^iroprietor of the town, 
lie was called John Crosby. He is still alive, and has 
been one of the correspondents of the Maine Farmer's 
Almanac since 1841. He was never a lawyer or dt.puty 
bhei iff, but is a Maine Law man, to which a great many rum- 
sellers could testily, if called upon. In politics he was 
a Democrat until 1S4S, since then has been a Republi- 
can ; and this is the only change he ever made in politics. 

A BRIDE ARRIVES. 

In the fall of this year Mr. James Harden married him 
a wife in Sedgwick, then in Massachusetts, now in Maine, 
and conveyed her on horseback about fifty-five miles 
to Crosbytown. When she arrived in town there was 
much rejoicing among quite a number of the fiist settlers, 
who had had an acquaintance with the young lady some 
seventeen years before. They gave her a good re- 
ception, if they did not bestow upon her such a serenad- 
ing as is practiced to some extent in places since. An 
addition to the numbers of the pioneers seemed to elate 
them much, and they could not well restrain their joy, 
whether the addition came by birth or otherwise. 

SUGAR-MAKING. 

In the spring of 1809 the neighbors began to manu- 
fiicture sugar from the maple-trees, of which there was a 
great supply. There was a plentiful flow of sap that year, 
and a large amount of sugar was made. In the nianu- 
f.icture both old and young took much enjoyment, and 
they kept the pot boiling day and night. It is not sup- 
posed that they used so much sweetening at that time as 
is used at the present, for they made this supply last 
ncaily the year around; at any rate, it was all they got, 
whether more or less. 

FRESH IM.MI(-,RATION. 

The spring of 1809 brought in quite a number of new 
settlers, as they were then called, at which all seemed to 
be plensed. 

This vexr Reuben Dennett built the first frame house 



346 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



ever erected in the town, the same as is now occupied by 
Mr. Henry Wakefield, near the post-office. Mr. Dennett 
put a newly-married wife into his house during the sum- 
mer, with which all the neighbors seemed to be well 
pleased. 

During this year the first school was taught in town by 
Miss Bethiah Friend. She had the first courting on the 
plantation, which resulted in her marriage to Mr. George 
Dunham, of "No. 3," as it was then called — now Carmel. 
The school was taught in a log camp made by Reuben 
Dennett, eight by ten feet square. 

Among the new-comers this year were John and Jesse 
Benjamin, both young men ; Mrs. Emerson, a young 
widowed lady with three children; and Solomon Harden 
with a young wife. The same year there were three 
children born, which, of course, made as many of the 
families happy. 

One of the blessings that attended this new settlement 
was that the pioneers never had any taxes to pay until 
1S14, or about that time, when they were called upon to 
pay a direct tax for the support of the war of 1813. How 
much was paid by all no one knows, and all that is known 
is that Phineas Friend's tax was $1.35, which he paid. 
Quite a portion of the ta.x was never paid: the collector, 
Mr. Daniel Wilkins, never made more than one call, and 
those that were minus the needful were never asked to 
pay afterwards. 

In the spring of iSio Phineas built a barn forty-six by 
sixty-two feet square, and, what may seem a little myster- 
ious, he hewed two sills, sixty-two feet long, both from 
one yellow ash tree. They were seven by eight inches 
square. He took a large tree, sided it down to eight 
inches thick, and split it in two and edged the halves up. 
They are good and sound now, in the barn owned by 
Mr. Daniel VV. Sylvester, and bid fair to last as much 
longer. 

This year Dennis Dennett, James Harden, and Bela 
Sylvester each built himself a barn. That made by 
Mr. Dennett was burnt in June, 1881; the other two 
have long ceased to exist, being taken down to build 
larger ones. 

EARLY CROPS. 

This year [iSio] Phineas Friend raised four hundred 
and fifty bushels of wheat on twenty acres of newly 
cleared land, which was the largest crop of wheat raised 
by any one man the same year in town, although not the 
largest yfcld per acre. James Harden raised ninety 
bushels the same year from two acres, about which there 
was considerable bragging. 

Until this year there was no corn raised, when many 
of the neighbors planted quite an amount on burnt land, 
and in the fall the bears, coons, and porcupines began 
to show themselves very numerously, and to set up their 
claim to at least a portion of the corn. In fact they got 
their portion, right or wrong, for which one of the bears 
forfeited his life by having a piece of logging chain shot 
through his vitals from a gun set by Reuben Dennett. 
This was the first one ever killed in the town. 

Many of the coons had to come down, as " Davy 
Crockett " called; although they seemed to be inclined to 



take care of themselves, and knew that Mr. Parker was 
not around. The hedgehogs did not seem to care much 
unless they were trapped, and then they seemed to yield 
very quietly. It was considered by them quite safe for 
dogs to keep on the right side of the hedge, and if they 
came in close contact the dogs seldom showed any dis- 
position to renew the risk of another display of their 
courage. 

A HEAR STORY. 

There is a story of .Mr. Parker's finding a nest of young 
bears this year in a hollow stub. Whether true or not, it 
has never been denied; but the story is too good to be 
doubted here, as it never has been. In one of his hunt- 
ing rambles he came to a stub very much scratched; and 
to know the cause of it he ascended the stub and took 
a view into the hollow. Not being exactly satisfied as 
to what it contained, he thought he would fathom the 
hole, and not liking to go down head first, he put his 
feet in, and attempting to hold himself up on the sides 
of the stub, in swinging his feet around to ascertain 
what he could find, the shell of the stub gave way and 
let Mr. Parker down upon a nest of young cubs. Not 
liking this new-comer, they set up a loud howling, which 
soon brought the old dame bear to their rescue. She 
was heard scratching up, and when about to descend she 
had to turn and come down tail first. The hunter as 
quick as thought took out his long, sharp knife and 
opened it. Ay this time the old bruin was down to his 
head, when he seized her by the tail with his left hand 
and used his knife with his right, and that quite eflectual- 
ly by ramming it into the lower part of her body. She, 
not exactly liking such a reception in her own home, be- 
gan to make her exit to the top of the stub, when Mr. 
Parker, with a life struggle, threw his formidable enemy 
to the ground, and the fall and the loss of blood made 
her too weak to ascend the stub again. She walked off, 
evidently not much liking her intruder, as she seemed to 
consider him. She soon disappeared from sight, and 
when everything appeared to be safe Mr. Parker came 
down, seized his axe, cut a hole into the stub, and took 
out four young bears, who never before saw much day- 
light. This was another exploit tlie hunter had to tell 
to the end of his long life, with much pride, which usual- 
ly brought a laugh. 

The spring of 181 1 brought in several new settlers — 
three .\bbott5, Samuel, Peter, and .Moses, with their fam- 
ilies. The crops this year, like the three previous years, 
were very bountiful. Now the hay crop began to be 
counted as one of the more valuable productions, and 
stock began to increase and make a considerable item in 
the value of their new farms. Quite an amount of but- 
ter was made and sent on horseback to market at Hamp- 
den, some fifteen miles distant. 

This year quite a number of sons and daughters were 
born, which helped also to increase the population. 

This year Mr. Benjamin Friend began to manufacture 
potash, which he made for a few years, and then sold 
his kettles to Mr. Bela Sylvester. The latter continued 
to do the same for several years, and made what was 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



347 



I called pearlash, winch took the place ot the soda of the 
present day. 

Durint; the winters of iSio and i8i i, the scholars en- 
joyed winter schools. The first one was taught by Mr. 
Abel Merrill, from Blue Hill. I'^ach one who sent schol- 
ars had to pay in proportion to the number sent, and the 

I teacher was paid in produce, for anything like greenbacks 
was then out of the question, and specie likewise. 

In May, iSii, the Rev. Paul Ruggles preached the 
first sermon ever delivered in the Plantation, in the log 
house of Benjamin Friend. His te.xt was from John i.\. 
4; "I must work the works of Him that sent me; the 

, night cometh, when no man can woik." In the after- 
noon he preached on the prodigal son. In June follow- 
ing he baptized Benjamin Friend and wife, and they 
united with the Baptist church in Carmel, of which Mr. 
Ruggles was pastor. In the course of a few years it was 
called the Carmel and Etna church, and finally it became 
centered in Etna, but not until after the death of that 
venerable servant of God, which took place May 21, 
1820. He was ordained January 11, 181 1, and preached 
his last sermon December 15, 18 19, when his health 
failed, and he could preach no longer. During his min- 
istry of nine years he preached more than twelve hun- 
dred sermons. In his travels he visited the Kennebec 
River three times on horseback, although there were no 
roads at that time. He went as far east as Cherryfield 
twice, and East[)ort once, on missionary tours at his own 
expense. We learn from his diary that he preached in 
Penobscot county in the following named places: Car- 
mel, Ham]5dcn, Bangor, Mansborough, Crosbytown, 
Stetson, East Pond, Ohio, Jackson Brook, Mt. Ephraim, 
Lebanon, Lee, Jordan's Stream, Warrenstown, Hunting's 
Settlement, No's 2 and 5, E.\eter, and at Brother Nor- 
cross's. He was the first and only pastor of the Baptist 
church in Carmel during his very useful life, and during 
his ministry the Baptist churches of Exeter, Newport, 
and Stetson were organized. 

A FE.^R OF SC.\RC1TV. 

Crops of every kind were very bountiful from 180S to 
1814, but they were cut off in 1815 and 1816, and the 
latter year was called the "cold season." There was a 
snow-fall of about five inches June 5, 181 6, and this 
year corn and beans were a total failure, and there was a 
very light crop of wheat and rye, so that corn was worth 
$2.50 to $3.00 per bushel, very scarce at that price, and 
none nearer than Hampden at any price, which had to 
be brought on horseback fifteen miles. The only pro- 
duce that the settlers had to sell was butter, which was 
worth at Hampden from ten to twelve cents per pound, 
and not much sale for it at that price. Almost all the 
settlers on the Penobscot made their own butter, and 
had to buy their bread They had but little to buy but- 
ter with at any price, and it has been related that in the 
spring of 18 17 some cooked leaves for greens, which was 
the most destitute condition of the people. Wheat 
raised in 1S16 was consumed, and in the summer many 
lived on raspberries and milk, and when raspberries 
could not be obtained, milk was used alone with a good 



relish. As there were many cows in the ])l,mtaiion, they 
made it answer a good purpose, and would make a 
bushel of corn last a good while. They thought Indian 
bread, raspberries, and milk were not very ]30or rations 
to cut hay u]jon. The few who had a little wheat left 
after they had their fields of grain sown, seemed to be 
quite willing to divide their little with those who had 
none, and really seemed to enjoy the pleasure of divid- 
ing, and to feel that it was more blessed to give than to 
receive. In due time new crops came with an abundant 
harvest in former years, and they soon forgot their pov- 
erty and rejoiced over their abundance. 

The mode of raising potatoes was very difTerent at 
that time from what it was in later years, when they be- 
gan to use the plow and hoe. It was done by taking a 
pickaxe, made usually of an old narrow axe peaked out 
by a blacksmith, sticking it into the ground a few times 
where the hill of potatoes was to be made, and tucking 
the potatoes into the ground some two or three inches 
deep. This method produced potatoes easily. It was 
always done on burnt land, as it was then called, and it 
was regarded as a very easy way to raise as many pota- 
toes as would be wanted for the table use of a family. 
They never got any hoeing after they were planted until 
they were dug in the fall; and this kind of a crop had 
no particular enemy among wild animals, as their corn 
and wheat had. 

A SINGING- SCHOOL. 

In the winter of i8r6 Mr. John Benjamin had a sing- 
ing-school in his log house, in which the young folks 
took special pleasure. They met for singing two even- 
ings in each week for twelve weeks, and (or compensa- 
tion they used to pay him fifty cents each for male 
scholars, and the young ladies furnished the candles for 
their part. Mr. Benjamin had a splendid voice and was 
an excellent singer. If he had lived in these days, he 
would have passed for "Professor" Benjamin. The 
way they used to make the old log house ring when they 
sang "Montague," "Montgomery," and the Anthem for 
Esther, could with i)ro])riety have made him a professor. 
It was good music they had to sing, in place of what is 
now sung in the concerts, which is of such a low grade it is 
never thought worth publishing the second time, and to 
sell it the first time the publishers have to crowd in some 
of those old tunes into the last part of the book to get 
off their new music, which is never thought worth print- 
ing the second time. And when the next publication 
comes out they take special pride in saying that the tunes 
are all new, except a few standard ones that are like the 
former book, the same old tunes that were sung one 
hundred years ago. 

A PIONEER ROAD. 

From the early settlement of the town in 1S07 to 
1816, all the communication the inhabitants had with 
"Great East Pond Plantation," now Newport, was by 
way of "No. 4, Range 3," now Stetson. On or about 
this time (1816), the Court appointed a connnittee to lay 
out a county road Irom Carmel to Newport, through 
Etna; but the location did not suit the men of "Crosby- 



348 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



lovvii," and ihey took, the matter into tlieir' own hands 
and laid it out in a different pl.ice more to their liking. 
They n^nde the load wliere they wanted it, wliere it 
suited iher.T a areat deal better, and where it now is. No 
one disputed their right to do as they pleased. At one 
time a man from otit of t(jwn ran his sleigh against- a 
log left near the traveled part o( the road, and somewhat 
damaged his rarri.ige, for which he sued the towii and 
lost his case by not being in tlie road when the damage 
was done. When the decision was rendered against him 
he said the next lime he traveled the road he would 
drive in the road, "faith." Captain Friend, who knew 
where the Couit laid out the road, said that if he did he 
would have to drive through his house, which brought 
the bystanders down upon the iilaintiff, and the man 
said he thought the town was rightly named, and that it 
had just had an erujjtion which shook the heavens. 

DEATH AND MARRIAGE IN THE .SETTLEMENT. 

In Ociober, 1813, Mr. Calvin Sjlvesier died of con- 
sumption, which was the second death in town. The 
first was a young child of Mr. John Jackson. iMr. Syl- 
vester left a uidow and four small children in a rather 
destitute condition; but her good neighbors in \iaii made 
up ht.r loss by bestowing upon her some of the good 
things of this life, which made her quite comfortable until 
she was married for the second time, to Mr. John Dun- 
ton, of Hampden. This was the first marriage ever sol- 
emnized in Etna. It was jierformed by Josiah Kidder, 
Esq., who rode horseback seventeen miles tor the [)rivi- 
lege of uiuting the hapoy couple. Mr. Dunton had four 
childien, and Mrs. Sylvester had four, which made them 
a large family. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS — IXCORrOR.\T10N — POPULATION, ETC. 

The first settlers look special pride to maintain public 
schools, which they did. summer and winter; so their 
children received a very fair education for those tiines, 
when school-houses were unknoun and the town had but 
one school district. The schools were sujjported by free 
contributions of such as felt able to pay a little of the 
needful, and all the taxes they had to pay was a small 
State and county tax until the town was incorporated as 
Etna, February 14, 1820, by the General Court of Mas- 
sachusetts. It was the last town incoiporated by that 
Legislature in the District of Maine before the separa- 
tion, and uas the two hundred and thirty-sixth town in- 
corporated in the District. It had then a population of 
194, polli to the number of 42, and estates officially val- 
ued at $15,094. In 1S30 its population was 362. Ten 
years thereafter this had a little more than doubled, and 
the census of 1840 showed up 745. In 1S50 there were 
S02 people in Etna; in i860, 849; in 1S70, S44; and in 
1880, 895. The polls in i860 were ig6; in 1870, 185; 
in 18S0, 216. Estates in these year-, $102,913, $154,- 
339, and $162,209. ■'t ^^''" ^^ observed that the prop- 
erty of the town, as well as its population and polls, has 
steadily increased, in the face of hard times. 

A SAD ACCIDENT. 

On the 14th day of February, 1821, a very sorrowful 
accident took place, which filled the community with 



mourning. Touards the close of that day, as Dr.' Ben- 
jamin Friend was returning home from a neighboring 
town, and as he was turning into his yard, his young 
horse became frightened and began to run. He turned 
a short corner, throwing Dr. Friend out of the sleigh and 
killing him instantly. A number of his family were 
standing near the scene of the tragedy and saw the whole. 
Upon going up to their father they found him dead. He 
lelt a widow and nine children to mouin the sad event. 
It was one of the most heart-rending accidents imagin- 
able. An affectionate wife was made a widow; nine 
children were fatherless; and the whole town was left to 
mourn the loss of one of its first settlers, and one whom 
they looked up to for guidance in many of its affairs. 

The next day many of the neighbors called to mourn 
with the afflicted family, and among them was Mrs, 
Merry Ruggles, Irom an adjoining town, who but a tew 
months before had been made a widow by the loss of her 
husband, the Rev. Paul Ruggles. When she came into 
the house she took Mrs. Friend by the hand, and both 
sat down and wept most i^rofusely nearly an hour before 
one word was sp jken. The first word was by Mrs. Rug' 
gles, who said, "trust in God;" and then silence pre- 
vailed for some time, when Mrs. Ruggles arose and said, 
"let us try to pray;" and the whole family kneeling, 
Mrs. Ruggles offered one of the most fervent prayers 
ever sent to the throne of grace. When they arose 
from their knees, Mrs. Friend, as calmly as she could 
under the circumstances, said, for the first time she had ' 
spoken, that she did "trust in God." Then another 
silence prevailed, during which the two widows walked 
u|) to the corpse and took a solemn view of the departed 
husband. There the first wordi s]joken were by the 
new-made widow, when she could calm her aching heart 
enough to speak. She said, "The Lord has taken him 
to himself, but it seems to me as though I needed him 
the most." Mrs. Ruggles replied, "God knew what was 
best fiir him." 

The next day but one he was deposited in his final 
resting-place, and a very appropriate discourse was 
preached by the Rev. Robert Coburn, from the text: 
"The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want." And so it 
was with Mrs. Friend. She lived until March 21, 1S46, 
and never wanted any of this world's goods to make her 
comfortable and happy. She died in peace. 

VARIOUS HISTORICAL NOTES. 

The vote upon the sejjaration of the Slate from Mass- 
achusetts was eleven nays to no yeas, Mr, Samuel Ab- 
bott was in favor of the separation, but did not vote. 

This town derived its name from Mt. Etna. It was 
selected by Benjamin Friend, and was taken from Web- 
ster's old spelling-book. This was a very prominent 
school-book at that time, the higher classes having the 
American Preceptor and the Columbian Orator, These 
books contained some very interesting pieces and dia- 
logues, which almost or quite every scholar could repeat 
without missing a word. The greatest favorite was one 
entitled "Old Scrapewell," which was truly a well-written 
article, and showed a good knowledge of human nature. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINt. 



349 



The first school-house was built in 182 1. It was 
iilastered in 1822, which was the first plastering done in 
the town, and called all the boys together from far and 
near to 'see mortar sjiread. To amuse the bo\s, the 
mason said the best way to build a chimney would be to 
begin al the top and lay the bricks down, if tliey could 
make the first brick stick. One of the briglit-eycd 
youngsters told him he could hold that, if that was all it 
required, but said he guessed he would need some one 
to hold the mortar to the second brick. 

On the 4th day of September, 1S19, Thorndike Friend, 
son of Benjamin Friend, was instantly killed under a 
tree, which spre.id a deep gloom over the whole com- 
munity. It was the first sudden death that had taken 
place in the town. He was a highly esteemtd young 
man. His age was eighteen years, nine months, and 
three days. He was of good habits, and all hived him. 

In September, 1820, Mr. Phineas Friend began to 
build a grist-mill, which he got in running order, on a 
small stream on his farm. It was called an overshot 
mill; the wheel was sixty six feet in circumference, and 
it took but a small quantity of water to cairy it. The 
mill was built about three hundred feet from the dam, 
and stood about two rods fiom the stream, so that it was 
not in danger of suffering anything by a freshet. This 
was the first water-power ever used in town, and it would 
have been well, perhaps, for the interest of ihe builders 
of it had it been the last, for there is not a good water- 
power here, as the tract is on the height of land be- 
tween the Penobscot and Kennebec rivers. It is drained 
both ways, and there is no one stream two miles long. 
There have been, however, two saw-mills built, both n(jw 
burned, and three shingle-mills, one of which is burned 
and two are torn down. To-day ( 1 88 1 ) there is no water- 
power used in Etna for any ]iurpose. 

The first school was taught in 180S, and schools have 
been maintained every year since. Now there are eight 
school districts, and have been for more than thirty 
years. .^11 of the districts, with one exception, have good 
school-houses, which are kept in good condition. 

The road through the town from Carmel to Newport 
was made in 1821 so as to be passable, but in a poor 
condition. That year the town raised a large highway 
tax, and after the inhabitants had worked their ta.\ out 
they voted to work it out again, which they did, and in 
this way opened the road so as to make it better pass- 
able. One and a half miles of the west end of the road 
was then through an unbroken wilderness. This year 
(1821) was the first year in which the new residents were 
taxed; and this year they had to pay more than two- 
thirds of the lax, otherwise the road would not have been 
made at the time. The owners of the wild land were 
virtually exempted from tax under the laws of Massachu- 
setts; but the newly made State of Maine thought it wise 
to tax them, and this year they had to pay a good portion 
of the money to maintain the school-;. Those who 
bought land of the ]iroprietors had the privilege of work- 
ing out their lax and turning it on the notes which they 
gave for the land, as the most of them had to do for the 
want of money to pay down when they purchased the 



land, and it was considered a great privilege to work out 
the value of their notes and have the benefit of the 
roads. It was like buying their dinner and not having 
to pay for it. The tax was worked out at the rate of 
about twelve and a h:ilf cents per hour, men and oxen; 
and they would make out about twelve hours per day for 
each; and then there was a discount of about twentv-five 
per cent between road tax and money. Still, they called 
it pretty good i)ay, lor ihey all used to work their oxen 
in, and they were allowed full time whether they worked 
or not. Besides, all of them had a iiair of oxen. 

THE OLD-TI.ME M.-\IL-CARRIER. 

This year the mail route was established between 
Bangor and Milbuni (now Skowiiegan), by the way of 
Hampden. A post office was established at Carmel, 
and it was the only one between Hampden and Neuport, 
a distance of twenty-four miles. The mail was carried on 
horseback once a week each way; it usually took about 
one and a half days to go through. The mail-carrier 
had the privilege of carrjing the newspapers and deliver- 
ing them to the subscribers on the route, for which the 
subscribers had to pay him one cent for each paper de- 
livered. The Bangor Weekly Register was the only 
paper known in iluse parts at this lime, and when the 
carrier got near a house where the paper was taken, he 
would begin to blow a trumpet attached to his saddle, 
when some one would appear and take the |)apcr. Those 
who lived a little distance fnjm the road would make a 
large mortise in a rail of the fence, with a cover, and he 
would i)ut th.e paper into the box, shut the cover, and 
pass on to the next man on the ro.id. This was con- 
sidered as "having things brought to the door." In the 
winter, when the roads were good, he would go through 
in a sleigh; but this was not often, as there was seldom 
enough tiavel to make the road fit to go over any other 
way than on horseback. 

In'lookiiig back, we think this a slow way of going 
through the world; but it was to them a great advance 
upon what they had been used to having. In those days 
it was no uncommon thing for a man to take an ox team 
in the morning with his wife, and perhaps one or more 
of his children, go five or six miles on a visit, spend the 
day with some of their neighbors, and return home at 
midnight, cailier or later, as the case may have been. 
These were happy days; animosities were nearly un- 
known in the community; all seemed to enjoy each 
other's society ; all had unbounded confidence among 
themselves; and were any in want, all were ready to 
render assistance and lend a helping hand to the sick 
and afflicted. 

THE Ii.\PTISr PASTOR. 

In 1S22 the Rev. Daniel McMaster moved into the 
the town, and entered upon his duties as pastor of the 
Baptist church. He remained here until 1S31, when he 
moved out of the town, but still continued his ministerial 
office until it was filled by Rev. Jacob Hatch in 1834. 
During his ministry of twelve years, including the great 
revival of 1833, there were added to the church more 
than one hundred by baptism, more than one-half of the 
number in 1833. 



35° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



THE POST-OFFICES. 

A post office was established here in 1823, and Rev. 
Danic'l McMaster appointed postmaster. He held the 
office until 1825, when he resigned, and Daniel T. 
Crabtree, Esq., was appointed in his place. He held un- 
til 1839, when he was removed for political purposes, 
and Ste[)hen Hardy appointed in his place. His term 
lasted until 1841, when he, too, was removed, and 
Anson C. Moseley took his place until 1853. Then he 
resigned, and Ellis Friend was a|)poin;ed. In 1859 he 
was removed, and Asa M. Sylvester was appointed. In 
1865 he resigned, and Samuel Hasty was appointed, who 
in 1868 resigned, and afier a hot contest as to who 
should be his successor, Augustus Moseley was appointed. 
He resigned in 1873, when Judson E. Friend was ap- 
pointed, who now holds the office (1881). All of those 
men have made honest and faithful postmasters, and 
have filled the office to the satisfaction of all concerned. 
It is now a money-order office, and pays a revenue of 
more than $500 per annum, including the postmaster's 
salary. 

In 1845 another post-office was established at Etna 
Centre, and Timothy B. Carter was appointed postmaster. 
In 1863 he was removed for political reasons, and John 
Tarr appointed in his place, who now holds the office 
{1881). 

In 1 87 1 another post-office, at South Etna, was es- 
tablished. Miss Martha Pitcher was appointed post- 
mistress, who, in 1873, resigned, and Thomas A. King 
was appointed, and is now (1881) postmaster. 

.•\NOTHEI-; C,\L.-\MITy. 

August II, 1822, Mr. Prince C. Ward was drowned in 
the Parker Pond by the upsetting of a boat, leaving a 
wife and three small children. He was the first one ever 
buried in Etna. This spread a deep gloom over the 
whole town, and all seemed to enter into mournful sym- 
pathy with the afflicted young widow, so suddenly de- 
prived of the loving husband of her youth. 

POLITICAL AFFAIRS. 

In 1824 Robert Stuart, Esq., was elected Representa- 
tive to the Legislature. He was the first one Etna had 
the honor of sending. In 1835 Gilbert Ellis was elected 
to the same office. In 1838 John Fogg was chosen. In 
1843 Ellis Friend was elected. In 1845 John C. 
Friend was elected. In 1848 John Fogg was chosen_ 
In 1853 Elias Doble was elected. In 1857 Moses 
Abbott was elected. In 1863 Otis L. Carter was chosen. 
In 1867 Isaac Pierce was chosen. In 1870 Daniel Bus- 
well was elected. In 1873 Joel A. Sanborn was chosen. 
In 1877 Henry C. Friend, and in 1880 Horace H. 
Wheeler were chosen. 

In 1880 Henry C. Friend was chosen State Senator. 

From the time the town was incorporated in 1820, to 
1828, politics were very little known. In 1824 John Q. 
Adams had thirteen votes. In 1828 John Q. Adams 
had twelve and Andrew Jackson four votes. About this 
time politics be'gan to take deep root, and the Democratic 
party always carried a majority until 1848, when the Free- 
soil party cast fifty-three votes, which left the Democra-— 



party without a majority, from which state they have 
never recovered. In 1854 the Free-soil party took the 
name of "Republican," and have held a majority in 
Etna every year since, except 1879, when the Greenback 
]jarty carried the election, but lost the honor the next 
year. 

In 1844 the Democrats of Etna took exception to the 
course of the Democrats of Newport and Stetson, which 
caused the election of Ellis Friend (who was a Whig) 
that year, by one majority. This was before plurality 
election. The ne.xt year Etna was ready for another 
fight, and commenced in good earnest. After having 
three unsuccessful elections, when the Whig candidate 
began to lead, the Democrats in Newport and Stetson 
gave up their candidate, and helped elect John C. 
Friend. 

TOWN AFFAIRS. 

Originally the town was six miles square. In 1S26 a 
little more than one-third of it was taken off on the west 
side of the town to help make Plymouth. In 1824 the 
town voted to build the floating bridge, which was in that 
part set off to constitute Plymouth, and in making the 
bridge the town got in debt about $1,200 in 1825. There 
was no provision made by the Legislature for the pay- 
ment of this debt, and Etna had to pay every dollar of 
it, which was then considered large. For Etna at that 
time to raise the money was out of the question, and 
what was to be done none seemed to know. Those who 
were the most forward in having the new town made, 
lived in the Plymouth part. When the question as to 
the town debt was in the Legislature, they reported that 
there were no town debts to be paid, when they knew 
that there were $1,200 outstanding for finishing the 
bridge, for which orders were given but a few days before 
the town was divided. 

The pro[)rietor of the town, Hon. William Gray, of 
Boston, Massachusetts, said if the town would vote to 
allow him to pay his highway tax by taking up those 
orders he would do it. The town voted to raise $2,500 
load tax; and as he had to pay about one-half of all 
the taxes, he took the orders up and had the money 
credited on his road tax. The inhabitants for that year 
therefore had to pay a double highway tax, and paid the 
heavy debt without feeling it much; but there was con- 
siderable grinding about it against some of the leading 
spirits of Plymouth. 

The authority for making this statement, obtained from 
the Representative of this District, was that he was told 
there was no town order out or debts against the town of 
Etna. 

In 1825 there was a very dry season, and much 
damage was done by fires running in the woods ai^d fields^ 
burning the building of Mr. Humphrey Whitten, with 
nearly all of his furniture. Quite a large amount of fence 
was buint. The drought came on so late it did not 
damage crops, as it would if it had come on earlier in the 
year. 

About this time the Court of Common Pleas sent a 
committee to locate a road from Carmel to Plymouth, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



35' 



!jhrough what is now called Etna Centre, where the road 
lis still travelled, with some few alterations. 

I THE LOCAL MILIIIA. 

In May, 1826, the (Jovernor, who is commander-in- 
chief ol the military of the State, called upon those who 
were liable to do military duty to meet and choose com- 
pany officers, which they did, and chose George Nicker- 
son, Captain; Ellis Friend, Lieutenant; and Anson C. 
Moseley, Ensign. The company they commanded was 
pronounced by Major-Cieneral Hodgdon, in 1831, to be 
the best military com])any in the regiment. 

AGRICULTURAL PROSPERLrV. 

From 1817 to 1836 the crops were very bountiful of 
everv kind, with an exception of two or three years. The 
wheat was injured by rust and weevils one year. All 
seemed to have a good sujjply of every kind and en- 
joyed life, and the voung folks were given in marriage — 
or, if not, they were stronglv inclined to get marritd — 
and many improved the o|i]iortunity and made marriage 
a life institution. .\ divorce in all of those years was 
never thought of, much less practiced, as it has been of 
late years, when it has been broken up with apparently 
less ceremony than a courtship was at that time. 

THE FIRST TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 

In I S28 -Deacon Daniel T. Crabtree raised his voice 
against the alarming spread of intemperance, and at a 
religious meeting of that year presented a pledge, or, as 
he called it, a "constitution" for the organization of a 
temperance society, which he himself had signed. He 
obtained at that meeting five more names, and after cir- 
culating the pledge a society called the Etna Temper- 
ance Society was organized August i, 1828. It was the 
first temperance organization of any description ever at- 
tempted in Penobscot county, and to day Etna can boast 
of its good influence. Quite a number of the twelve of 
whom it was composed were young men less than twenty 
years of age, who are living in Etna. They have kept 
their pledge more than fifty-three years, and have seen 
two generations grow up under the influence of this old 
temperance society and testify to its healthy and bene- 
ficial precepts. This society more than fifty years ago 
gave Etna the name of "a cold water town." This soci- 
ety continued its organization many years, spreading its 
good influence to other towns and saving the young from 
the awful evil of drinkinj; intoxicating liquor. When the 
society first started none of the ladies joined it, for the 
reason that none of them were ever known to be intoxi- 
cated, but soon they found that nothing good could be 
accomplished without them, and when they took hold 
things began to move more rapidly, and by their aid and 
that ot a temperance lecturer, we had thirty-five names 
added to the society in one week. Then we began to 
look up and the cause advanced more rajjidly. Rum- 
drinking at huskings and raisings was in most instances 
dispensed with. 

The first barn ever raised without rum, in Etna, was 
one built by Deacon Crabtree. Friends of liquor said it 
should not be raised without it, and when the sills were 



leveled and the broadsides put together, without the 
knowledge of Deacon Crabtree and his t'riends a jug of 
rum was brought forward. The rum party drank, and 
then part of the barn was ])ut up. But the temperance 
men refused to help, and the rum-drinkers could not 
raise the broadside. At first there was considerable 
coaxing, but they found that would not do; then some 
threatening and a little fighting took place, until after 
sunset, when it was announced that supper was ready. 
The friends of rum went in and ate their su|)pers; when 
they came out it was about dark, and soon they went 
home, carrying some of the timber with them. After the 
other party ate their suppers they, with lanterns, went on 
and raised the batn and got it up at about twelve o'clock 
at night. So the barn was raised without rum. An old 
gentleman, learning what was up, started about dark to 
go and help the temperance party raise the barn; and 
when about half a mile from the raising in the dark, a 
little before he met the rum party, he heard them throw 
down some of the timber which they had carried off 
with them. \Vhen the tiuiber was missing, he told them 
what he heard, and soon some of the boys were after it 
and found it where he said it was. 

All this was done on the Saturday before the Presi- 
dential election of November, 1S32, and the next Mon- 
day both parties went to the election. Some of both 
parties voted for Andrew Jackson, and some of both 
voted for Henry Clay for President of the United States. 

THE METHODISTS 

at West Etna formed a class, with Captain Isaac Pierce 
as class leader, in 1831, and it has been constantly main- 
tained since with good success. Quite a number of very 
prominent men have belonged to the denomination who 
have passed away, and there are none that belong to the 
class now who united with it when it first started. They 
have always held their meetings in a school-house. They 
have had several interesting revivals of religion, and their 
ministers have usually been very acceptable, proving 
themselves good servants for their Master, and enjoying 
the confidence of the community. They have never felt 
financially able to build themselves a house of worship, 
or at least they have never done so if they were able. 
They have always had some members who had quite a 
competence in this world's goods, and have been liberal 
in supporting the ministry; and, very likely, if they had 
felt the jiressing need of a house, they would have 
erected one without much inconvenience as to funds with 
which to accomplish the objei:t. Their congregation has 
usually been comfortably accommodated in a pleasant 
and good-sized school-house. They have had harmony 
among themselves and the unbounded good wishes of 
the community, which, perhaps, make up the want of a 
house of their own, a little larger and more convenient. 

THE BAPTISTS. 

In 1833 the Baptists held a protracted meeting under the 
direction of Rev. H. Hawes for twelve days in succession, 
and, as a result of it, more than fifty were baptized and 
united with the church, and more than twenty with the 
Methodists. In 1834 the Baptists began to build their 



352 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



present church edifice, which was completed the next 
year, and dedicated September 2, 1835. The dedication 
sermon was jsreached by Rev. Zenas Hall, from the text 
Ecclesiastes v. i: "Keep thy foot when thou goest to 
the house of God." The next day the pews were sold, 
but not for enough to pay the cost of the house, which 
left a delit on the biiildmg committee. It took many 
years to pay this and caused some complanit on tlieir 
part against the church; but it was finally settled to their 
satisfaction, or at least they acquiesced in the settlement. 
In 1S36 Isaac Boyntoii, one of the memb;:'rs of the 
church, was ordained. He died in October, ICS44. In 
1837 Benj.imin D. Small, another member, was ordained, 
who supplied the church a number of years alter his or- 
dination, and occasionally since. He now lives in Car- 
mel, has been a laithful preacher, and has labored "on 
the square." Since 1840 the Rev. Daniel Stewart sup- 
plied the desk most of the time until 1870. Since then 
they have had students from Colby University, who have 
proved themselves workmen that need not be ashamed. 
One of them is laboring in the Far West, one is at Ells, 
worth, one at Augusta, and one at Monson. The three 
last are in Maine. 

THE PATRIOTIC RECORD. 

In 1S61 the Rebellion broke out, and Etna was called 
upon for men. The town sent more than one hundred 



brave boys to the front, to save this nation, about thirty 
of whom lost their lives. 

INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER PURSUITS. 

This town having superior opportunities for farming, the 
industries of its people are almost exclusively agricultural. 
Three persons, however, keep general stores, and the 
Sovereigns of Industry have a store of their own at South 
Etna. One lady keeps a s'.ore for the sale of fancy goods. 
There are two smiths in the town, two carriage- makers, 
one cooper and one manufacturer of hoops, one carpenter, 
one butcher, and one insurance agent. 

Industrial interests are amply guarded in this town by 
three societies — the Mt. Etna Grange, No. 36, Patrons 
of Industry; the Farmers and Mechanics' Club, meeting 
on the first and third Saturdays of the month; and the 
Sovereigns of Industry, at South Etna, meeting weekly. 
There is also the Morning Star Lodge of the Indepen- 
dent Order of Good Templars. 

The district schools of the town number eight. 

The officers of the town in 1880 were: H. H. Wheeler, 
S. P. Dennett, O. Kelley, Selectinen. L. C. Whitten,Tu\vn 
Clerk. Sanmel P. Dennett, Treasurer. S. P. Dennett, 
Constable and Collector. Miss Jane E. Sanborn, School 
Supervisor. J. E. Fiiend, Joel A. Sanborn (Quorum), 
L. C. Whitten, J. C. Friend, Orlando Kelley {7ria/), J. 
C. Friend (/?('(//////«), Justices. 



GARLAND. 



NOTES OF GEOGRAPHY, ETC. 

Garland is bounded on the south by Exeter; Dover, 
in Piscataquis county, lies on the north ; Charleston 
on the east; and Dexter on the west. It would be 
very nearly an even township of six miles on each 
side and thirty-six squaie miles, but for the irregu- 
larity observable in the line between it and Exeter 
which lengthens that line, the south boundary of Gar- 
land, about thirty rods, and shortens the \vest line to five 
and five-eighths miles. 

The town is fil'teen miles northwest of Bangor, across 
Glenburn, Kenduskeag, and Corinth. Its w^aters are not 
large, but are of respectable size. Pleasant Pond 
stretches east and west a mile above the southwest cor- 
ner, itself about a mile in length, but rather narrow. It 
is one of a chain of ponds (m the Kenduskeag Stream, 



with a very little one between it and the Mill Pond a half 
mile distant, which reaches eastward nearly one and 
a half miles in a narrow sheet to Garland village, south- 
west of which is also a small pond. As the stream runs 
off hence to the southeast, there is a slight expansion of 
it halfway tt) Holt's iNIills, but hardly enough to he 
called a lake or pond. From Holt's the stream makes 
a pretty straight dash for the corner of the town, w-here it 
goes into Exeter. It receives but two tributaries from 
the south in Garland, and they very small; but on the 
north eight affluents, all rising in the central belt of the 
town, and flowing altogether in Gailand, enter it. The 
last of these on the eastward has a length of three miles, 
with a general north and south course. About a mile 
east of it flows another tributary, with two little branches 
in Garland, but which itself flows into Charleston. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



353 



Northwest of the central belt in which the Kenduskeag 
affluents rise are the headwaters of the main stream, which 
flows across the north of Dexter. The northernmost of 
the brook's makes a small lake about half a mile from the 
Piscataquis line. Ivast of it are the beginning rivulets of 
several creeks that belong mainly to Piscatatjuis county. 
One tiny stream flows from Charleston for half a mile 
across the northeast angle of the town. Below the Ken- 
duskeag, a mile to a mile and a half south of Garland 
post-office, are the heads of a little stream that shortly 
flows into Exeter. 

The central and southern belts of Garland town are 
well settled: the northern more sparsely. The three 
post-offices of the town are altogether in the southern 
third of the town. Garland post-office is about half-way 
across the town from east to west, on the stage road from 
Dexter to Exeter, and an east and west road that, with a 
little jog in the village, runs across the town. At Gar- 
land are Congregational and Free-will Baptist churches, 
the Town House, School No. 3, and several mills, fac- 
tories, and shops. Power is furnished by the Kendus- 
keag Stream, the village being at the eastern extremity of 
the long mill-pond. The village cemetery is a mile east, 
at the crossing of the north and south road. Nearly 
two miles westward, at the east end of Pleasant Pond, 
are the West Garland post-office and School No. 2. 
Holt's Mills post-office, with School No. 12, are in the 
southeast angle of the town, about a mile from the ex- 
treme corner, on the road southwest from Garland village 
into Corinth, and on to Bangor. School No. 7 is a mile 
west of Holt's Mills, with the Town Farm a little south of 
it. From them a road runs north five miles, intersect- 
ing near the county line a northwest and southeast road 
running from Charleston about five miles across the town 
to Hover. School No. 5, and the Methodist Episcopal 
church are on the former road, the latter at the crossing 
of an east and west road through the center of Gailand, 
running clean across it to Dexter. Upon the eastern 
l)art of it are School No. 2 and a cemetery near it. 
School No. 8 exactly in the middle of the town, and an- 
other cemetery a little south of it on the westward. 
Passing this graveyard is a road through from Piscataijuis 
to the mill pond a little west of Garland village, which 
forks a mile and a quarter below the county line, and 
runs southeastward into a north road leading to Garland 
post-office. Upon the cross-road is School No. 10, at 
the terminus of another highway going north and into 
Dover. The other north and south road passes straight 
through Garland post-office and southward and south- 
eastward by School No. 7 out into Exeter. Through \Vest 
Garland another southeastward road courses down from 
the central road to Dexter, starting near the town line, 
and also goes into Exeter. At the south end of the vil- 
lage it sends a road straight across to School No. 3, at 
the south end of Garland post-office. The shorter 
neighborhood roads have been laid out in (Jarland with 
usual number and convenience. 

The north part of this township is traversed by a range 
of high and rugged hills. Near the east line of the town 
they are intersected by a deep ravine, known as "the 



Notch," which forms the most remarkable natural feature 
in the town. It is so conveniently situated as to seem, 
to piously inclined persons, to be specially designed by 
Providence as affording means of egress from that portion 
of Penobscnt into Piscataquis county. A county and 
stage road has passed through the Notch for many years ; 
and it was long expected that some railway line W'ould 
find this most feasible route northward. That hope has 
probably become pretty nearly extinct by this time, as the 
Bangor & Piscataquis railway passes far to the eastward, 
and the extension of the Newport and Dexter iron road 
to Moosehead Lake will be laid to the westward. 

1,.\ND HISTORY. 

The boundaries of the township which forms Garland 
were run as early as 1792, by Messrs. Ephraim Ballard 
and Samuel Weston. Six years thereafter — June 2, 1798 
— the General Court of Massachusetts passed a resol- 
ution- to grant to the trustees of Williams College, in that 
State, two townships of land in the District of Maine, to 
be selected from any tracts in the district not otherwise 
appropriated. This township, which had been designated 
as No. 3, in the fifth range, north of the Waldo Patent, 
was accordingly selected as part of the grant. The same 
year the trustees made a conveyance of the entire town- 
ship to a company, consisting of Levi Lincoln (from 
whom it took its first and plantation name of "Lincoln- 
town"), Seth Hastings, Samuel Sanger, Sr., Calvin Sanger, 
and Elias Grant. The lines of lots or subdivisions within 
the township were run in iSoo by the famous old surveyor, 
Moses Hodsdon, assisted by Daniel Wilkins, David A. 
Gove, and a Mr. Shores. The first two lots surveyed 
were selected for settlement by Mr. Gove and a Mr. 
Wheeler. 

COLONIZATION. 

Notwithstanding this selection, Messrs. Gove and 
Wheeler did not at once settle upon their tracts. The 
primeval forests of Garland, indeed, were not broken, 
except to the slight extent made necessary by the move- 
ments of the surveyors, for two years afterwards. Then 
the ground was prospected, lots selected, and openings 
made by sixteen or eighteen persons from the western 
part of Maine and from New Hampshire, most of whom 
became permanent settlers. The first family, however, 
was brought in June 22, 1802, by Joseph Garland, from 
his old home at Salisbury, New Hampshire. He may be 
considered as, in some sense, the father of the town, 
since he brought it the first family and gave it his name. 
His family consisted of his wife and three children. 

Isaac Wheeler and Josiah Bartlett were also among 
the earliest settlers. 

By the year 1805 there were twelve families in the 
plantation, and about fifty voters were residents here 
when the town was incorporated six years later. 

ORG.\NIZ.\TIQN. 

The original or plantation name of this town, as already 
stated, was Lincolntown, so called from the Hon. Levi 
Lincoln, one of the principal men among the co-pro- 
prietors. 

On the i6th of February, 181 1 — the same day that 



354 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Exeter and Charleston, in this county, were erected — 
Garland was incorporated as the one hundred and eighty- 
second town in the District, the name being changed in 
honor of the pioneer settler. 

It is a fact of some interest that Eddington, Corinth, 
and Carmel — then of Hancock, but now of this county — 
were created the same year; and that, of the nine towns 
incorporated in the District during 1811, two-thirds now 
belong to Penobscot county. It seems to have been a 
good year for municipal organization in the south of this 
county. 

NOTES OF PROCRE.SS. 

Lincolntown had a population of 236 in 1810. Gar- 
landhad 275 in 1820, 621 in 1830, 1,065 '" '^4°- i>247 
in 1850, 1,498 in i860, 1,306 in 1870, and 1,211 in 1880. 

The number of votes in the town was 60 in 1812, 54 
in 1820, 327 in i860, 316 in 1870, and 343 in 1880. 

The valuations for these years were $1,373.32 (with a 
tax of 22 cents per $100), $24,121, $212,531, $312,263, 
and $331,690. 

.SUNDRY HISTORIC NOTES. 

The Rev. John Sawyer, who was an active and useful 
agent in the employ of the Maine Missionary Society 
from iSioto 1850, in promotingeducation, morality, and 
religion throughout the State, made his home chiefly in 
this town. He died, however, in Bangor, on the 14th of 
October, 1858, at the remarkable age of one hundred 
and three years. His activity in good words and works 
had continued until he was past his ninetieth year. 

A Congregational society, known by the name of the 
Garland church, but including members from Foxcroft, 
Sangerville, and Dexter, was gathered the ist of March, 
1810, by the Rev. Messrs. John Sawyer, Mighiil Blood, 
and Hezekiah May. It has enjoyed the long pastorate 
of the Rev. Peter B. Thayer from 1847 to this time — 
nearly thirty-five years. 

The Free Baptists of Garland have the services of 
Elder C. C. Foster in their pulpit. The Methodi.st 
charge was temporarily vacant at last accounts. 

The town is well supplied with schools. The Gar- 
land High School was organized in 1848. The first 
school in the township was taught in 1806, at the house 
of the pioneer Joseph Garland, by William Mitchell. 

The first saw-mill in the town was set going in the fall 
of 1802, the first year of settlement. There are now two 
saw and shingle mills, one saw, grist, and shingle mill, 
one saw and grist mill, one shingle machine, one ma- 
chinery and carding mill, one planing mill, and one 
planing and sawing mill in town. 

Frame buildings, as might reasonably be argued from 
the date of establishment of the saw-mill, began to appear 
in Garland as early as 1803, when several were erected. 
It is now one of the best built towns in the county. 

(larland has nine merchants of different classes, one 
boot and shoe factory, one harness-maker, one carriage- 
maker, one cabinet-maker, one maker of egg-cases, and 
three smiths. There are two resident i^hysicians, both 
allopathic. There is also one hotel, the Tremont 
House. 



The societies of Garland, not religious, are the Gar- 
land Grange No. 26, Patrons of Husbandry, one of the 
earliest formed in the State ; and the Garland Temper- 
ance Society. 

OKKICERS IN 1 88 1. 

L. O. Oakes, Garland; West Garland, J. C. Lawrence; 
Holt's Mills, Rosilla Holt, Postmasters; A. M. Haskell, 
A. H. Hathaway, Henry Merrill, Selectmen ; G. S. Clark, 
Town Clerk ; F. J. Gerry, Treasurer ; F. J. Gerry, Con- 
stable and Collector ; Charles Whitting, E. S. Coan, 
Miss Matilda Haskell, School Committee; Samuel Skillin, 
Moses Page, Thomas K. Holt (Quorum) ; A. M. Has- '< 
ekll, Charles E. Merriam (Trial), Justices. 

KIOGR.VPHIC.VL. 

The following two notices are from the Bowdoin Col- 
lege Roll of Honor, in the Adjutant-General's reports ' 
during the late war : 

Class of 1 86 1 — William A. Hobbie, born in (.kirland, 
October, 1837; served in the Army of the Tennessee 
under General Sherman, in the Sixteenth Iowa. 

Leander O. Merriam, born in Garland, May, 1843; j 
left in his junior year; and returned to finish his course 
in the next class; Sergeant Major Thirty-First Maine; 
was wounded. 

Peter Thayer was born in the town of Wrentham, Wor- 
cester county, Massachusetts, where he lived until he i 
married and then moved to Alstead, New Hampshire. 
He lived there about twenty-five years and then moved j 
to the town of Acworth, where he remained until i: 
about seventy years of age, when he went to Keysville, ' 
New York, where he died. His wife was Abigail Blake, 
born in Wrentham, Worcester county, Massachusetts. 
The Rev. Peter Blake Thayer is the seventh child in the ' 
family, and was born in the town of Alstead, New '' 
Hampshire, February 29, 181 6. While a youth he 
worked at farming, and when he became older pursued 
a course of studies for the purpose of becoming a clergy- 
man, and in the year 1848 he was ordained and has 
since that time jjeen the pastor of the Conly Street 
church, of this place. He was a graduate from the sem- 
inary at Bangor in the year 1847. The names of the 
other children of Peter Thayer were: Lucy, deceased; 
Nancy, deceased; Fisher, Warren, Abigail, dead: Hulda, 
Belinda. Rev. Peter B. Thayer was married to Miss 
Mary F. Kent in the year 1847, and has one son, 
Harry B., married to Miss Eva Sawyer, and has one 
child, a daughter. Mr. Thayer's wife was a daughter of 
Amaiia Kent and Lucy Phelps Kent. 

Moses B. Foster was born in the town of Gray, Cum- 
berland county, Maine, October 17, 181 2, where he has 
passed his life thus far. He was mairied in 1836 to 
Miss E. A. Benson, who was also born in (Iray and still 
shares his life. Their eldest son. Rev. Caleb C. Foster, 
was born April 12, 1837, and during his early youth 
worked at masonry. As he attained towards his major- 
ity he evinced a desire to study with the object of becom- 
ing a minister in the Free-will Baptist church, whicii 
high calling he now follows. He finished his studies at 
the theological school at New Hampton, New Hamp- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



3SS 



shire. Other children of Moses B. Foster were S. J., 
deceased; Samuel H. ; Emma A.; Hannah E. ; Dr. A. 
M. ; Eliza E. Samuel H. was a member of Company K, 
commanded by Captain Furbish, and served throughout 
the war, returning unharmed. Rev. Caleb C. Foster 
was married July 14, 1S69, to Miss Annah Flanders, 
daughter of Ezekiel and Rosilla K. Glidden Flanders, by 
whom he has three children living, and three deceased ; 
Charles E. : Frank W., deceased; Emma L., deceased; 
Frederick W., deceased; Laura A., and George A. 

.Samuel Coan was born in 1813, in Castine, Maine, 
and when six years of age accompanied his parents to 
Exeter, where he resided thirty-three years. He then re- 
moved to Clarland, where he now lives. His wife was 
Hannah M. Skinner, who was born in Brewer. They 
were married in 1836, and she died in Garland in 1857, 
aged forty-two years. Mr. Coan married for a second 
wife .\nn Sophia Skinner, who is now living, aged sixty- 
seven years. Elisha S. Coan was the third child in the 
family, and was born in Exeter in 1843. The remaining 
children of Samuel Coan were: Leander S., Adelaide, 
Fred C, Alfred S., Mary A., and Clara S. Elisha S. 
Coan worked at farming when a youth, and at the age of 
nineteen enlisted and served three years in the late war, 
returning unharmed. He then studied medicine and be- 
came a practicing physician. He was married in 1871 
to Mary .\. Swett, daughter of Noah and Nancy Wheeler 
Swett, by whom he has four children — Newton G., Ma- 
rion, .\nna E., and an infant. Dr. Coan was Supervisor 
of Schools at Bradford one year, and is now a member 
of the School Committee of Garland the second year. 

■|"he father of Daniel E. Knight was born in Parsons- 
field in 1816, and when five years of age came with his 
parents to Garland, where he yet lives. His wife was 
Lydia A. Johnson, also born in Parsonsfield in the year 
1824, to whom he w^as married in 1843. Daniel E. 
Knight, the only son, was born in Garland in 1864, and 
was married December 13, 1874, to Angle E. Page, of 
Charlestown, Maine, daughter of Calvin D. and Sarah E. 
Page. To Mr. and Mrs. Knight has been born one son, 
Harold E., now five years of age. Mr. Knight was 
brought up on a farm, but is now engaged in mercantile 
pursuits. 

The father of George S. Clark was born in the town 
of Old Clinton, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1810. 
When about thirty-five years of age he removed to Co- 
rinna, and eight years later to Garland, where he died in 
1866. He was by trade a boot and shoe-maker. His 
wife was Abigail Weeks, born in Old Clinton, and mar- 
ried to Mr. Clark in 1830; she died in 1835. George S. 
Clark was the oldest child in the family, and was born in 
1832. The remaining children were: Mary Ann, James 
H., Sarah, Joseph, and Ellen. George S. was married 
September 20, i860, to Susan H. Haskell, daughter of 
Bildad A. and Rebecca (Mayhew) Haskell. Mr. Clark ' 
is by trade a boot and shoe-maker. He is now Town 
Clerk, which office he has held for eighteen years. In 
1877 he was a member of the State Legislature. 

The father of Llewellyn O. Oaks was born in Sanger- < 
villa in 1809, where he lived until a young man, when 



he moved to Cambridge, and some ten years later to 
Parkman, where he remained but five years; he then re- 
moved to Garland, where he now resides. He was mar- 
ried in Wellington to Lucy Ann E. FoUett, in 1829. 
Llewellyn was the third child, and was born in Cam- 
bridge in 1834. His business has been farming and 
merchandizing. Other children were: Melvina E. and 
Amelia A.. Llewellyn O. Oaks was married to Mary J. 
Adams, December 21, 1875, ^"d has had three children 
— Maud B., Guy M. (deceased), and an infant, Claude. 
Mrs. Oaks is a daughter of Isaac and Lydia (Bryant) 
Adams. 

Arthur B. Haskell was born in Garland, December 26, 
1S46. being the fourth child in the family. His brothers 
and sisters were Ellen M., Charles W., Woodbury T., 
.\nnie E., Samuel W., Sarah H., John, John (second), 
and Wilson. Arthur B. Haskell was married to Rachel 
D. Gregory, daughter of Edward H. and Elizabeth 
(Mayhew) Gregory, on the 5th day of June, 1876. They 
have one child. Mr. Haskell is engaged in the manu- 
facture of furniture, coffins, caskets, etc. His father was 
born in Garland in 1822, and still resides here. He is a 
carriage manufacturer. His wife was j\Iary B. Sargent, 
who was born in Searsport about the year 1822. 

Lebbeus Oak was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire, 
December 13, 182 1, and when five years of age was 
brought to Exeter, and after three years to Garland, 
where he yet resides, engaged in harness manufacturing. 
He was married to Sarah E. Merriam in 1844, and has 
four children: Henry L., unmarried; Ora, married to 
Miss Bertha Millett, and has no children; Addie S., un- 
married; Onnan, married to Belle Haskell, and has one 
child. Mrs. Oak's parents were Josiah and Sarah (Hill) 
Merriam, both deceased. 

Abel Gould was born in Unity, Maine, in 181 6. 
When sixteen years of age he removed to Corinth, and a 
few years later to Charlestown, where he was married, 
and where he died in 1869, March 16. His wife was 
Catharine Smith, born in Belmont, Maine, in 1S22, and 
who survives her husband. Their children were Lorenzo, 
Gershom L., .\lbert S., Esther J., Daniel W., Abel W., 
Francis H., Freland W., Katie E., and Georgie A. Albert 
S. Gould, the third child, was born in Charlestown, May 
5, 1846, and was married March 1, 1871, to Sarah A. 
Gould, of Dixmont, daughter of Joshua and Sarah (Davis) 
Gould. 

Elizur Burnham was born at Scarboro, Maine, Febru- 
ary 22, 1809. When about twenty years of age he moved 
to Garland, where he now resides. He married Matilda 
P. Buxton, of Albion, in 1832, and she died in thirteen 
months. In 1837 he married Mary Ann Ridout, who 



died 



1863, aged forty-seven years. Their children 



were Matilda P., deceased; Mary W., married Lyman E. 
Richardson, who enlisted under Colonel Charles Jame- 
son, in the Second Maine Regiment in the Rebellion; 
served as Second Lieutenant of Company E three 
months, was wounded at the first battle of Ball Run, 
and died from the effect of his wounds the 4th of August, 
1861: his remains were brought home a year later and 
buried by the volunteer company of the town. The 



3S6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



third child of Elizur Burnham was Charles F.; then fol- 
lowed Mary W., who married Mr. Richardson, since de- 
ceased. His brothers were Stephen B., Chauncey S., 
and Christopher C. Mrs. Richardson is a member of 
the Freewill Baptist church, with w^hich she has been 
connected for twenty-eight years. The father of Mr. 
Richardson, Daniel Richardson, was born at Rumford, 
Maine, May 13, 1797, and is still living. His wife was 
Lydia A. Tyler, who died at "Augusta, Maine. 

David Fogg was born in Deerfield, New Hampshire, 
in the year 1804, and moved from there when he was 
seventeen years of age and settled in the town of Gar- 
land, where he now resides, at the age of seventy-seven 
years. His wife was Enieline H. Norcross, born in the 
town of Charlestown, Penobscot county, Maine, where 
she lived until nineteen years of age, and was married in 
the year 1832. After marriage they settled in Garland, 
where she lived until she died at the age of si.\ty-two 
years. Jason Thayer Fogg was born in Garland the 24th 
of August, 1847. While a youth he worked at farming, 
since his marriage at harness manufacturing, and for 
the last two or three years in manufacturing egg carriers. 
Their children were Martha Ann, Lydia N., Granville 
W., Jennette A., and Albert D. Jason T. Fogg was 
married the 24th day of April, J871, to Rosa B. Young, 
and by this union has one child, a daughter, Gertrude 
E. His wife's father's name was Alvin P. Young; her 
mother's maiden name Lydia N. Hanson. 

John Jackman was born in Massachusetts in 1784, 
and in the year 1806 he moved to Garland, where he 
passed the rest of his life and died in 1868, at the age of 
eighty-four years. His wife was Sally Legrow, who was 
born in Bangor, and was there married. She died in the 
year 1839. Justus H. Jackman was the third child, and 
was born in Garland in the year 1826. He was raised 
on a farm, and wheu a young man learned the black- 
smith trade, at which he has since worked. Other chil- 
dren in the family were Patience, John, James, Sally, 
Joseph, Nancy, and Jacob. Justus H. was married in 
1847 to Ja'ie G. Field, daughter of William and Jane 
(Goodwin) Field, by whom he has had seven children, 
three of whom aie now living. 

Miss Susan Oak Curtis and Miss Sarah A. Curtis are 
contributors of some note to various papers and maga- 
zines. Their father is a native of Bristol, Maine, and 
was born in 1804. ^Vhen about twenty-two years of age 
he moved to Garland, where he has since resided. He 
married Louisa S. Angove in February, 1831. She was 
born in Bangor in 1831, and was married at Brownville. 
Their children were George, Jr., Charles, Julia H., 
Susan, Sarah A., and William A. Mr. Curtis was a 
member of the State Legislature in 1850; has never 
aspired to local office and has never been elected to such 
offices. 

The father of Albert S. Bachelder was born in the 
town of Exeter, Maine, in the year 17S9, and lived there 
some fifteen or twenty years, when he moved to Garland 
and lived there until his death, in the year 1868, at the 
age of seventy-nine years. His wife was Rebecca Hatch, 
who was born in the town of Cambridge, Maine, in 



the year 1812. She died in Garland in the year 1850.! 
aged about thirty-eight years. By this union they hacl 
four children, all of whom are living. Albert S. wajf 
born in the town of Garland in the year 1843. He was' 
the second child in the family. The names of hisf 
brothers and sisters were: Edgar S. Bachelder; Albert: 
Lonzo F.; Thomas G. Albert S. Bachelder was mar-i 
ried the 30th of September, 1863, to Miss Mary Rancl,| 
and by this union has two children — Nellie L. and Annie 
S. His business through life has been that of a millman 
and farmer. At present he is Superintendent of the 
Town Farm, and has been for two years. His wife's 
father's name was John Rand; her mother's Laura 
Jumper. 

The father of Horace Lester Gordon was born in the 
town of Garland in the year 1808, June 6, where he is 
still living at the age of seventy-three years. His wife 
was Abigail Card, born in the town of Bowdoinham, 
Maine, on the 9th of September, 1818, and is still 
living at the age of sixty-four years. They were married 
in the year 1835, and by this union have had three chil- 
dren, two of whom are now living. Horace, the oldest 
child, was born in Garland, June 28, 1837. His business 
is that of machinist, which he is now carrying on at this 
town in all its various branches. The remaining children 
are: Pearl B.; Etta. Horace Lester Gordon was mar- 
ried to Caroline Greeley, July 3, i860, and by this union 
has had four children — May L., Walter L., Ralph P., 
Clifton F., who reside at home. His wife's father's 
name was Noah Greeley; mother, Eliza Robinson. 

William Sloan Haskell was born in Garland Septem- ! 
ber 24, 1814, and has always lived here. He is the fifth 
child in his father's family, and was married to Ruth F. 
Lawerano in the year 1837. She died in the year 1844. ■ 
By this union they had four children: Ruth Ellen (dead), 
married to Sanford R. Oaks; William H., died in the 
army; he enlisted in the year 1861 in the Fourth Wis- 
consin Regiment, and served about three years; he was 
wounded at the taking of Port Hudson, and died aged 
about twenty-three years. Augusta H., married to George 
W. Handy, and has two children — Una H., and Georgie 
EUem; Bennett A., enlisted in the Second Maine Cavalry 
in the year 1863, died of disease at Pensacola, Florida, 
February, 1865. Mr. Haskell was married a second 
time — to Abby Folansburg Fales — October 25, 1855, 
and by this union they had four children, three of whom 
are now living: Mary A., died in infancy; Joseph A, 
May A., and Jennie A., all living at home. His wife's 
father's name was John Fales, her mother's name Sally 
Carlton. Mr. Haskell has held some of the town ofiices; 
was Selectman for two years — 1854 and 1855. 

The father of Jacob ^\'. Haskell was born in New 
Gloucester, Maine, March 29, 1779. AVhen about twen- 
ty-three years of age he came to Garland, where he died 
March 4, 1870, aged ninety-one years. He was by trade 
a cooper, put paid his attention to farming principally. 
He served a short time in the War of 181 2. His wife 
was Sally Merry, born in Rutland, Massachusetts, in 
1782, June 23d. She came to Garland when twenty- 
four years of age, and was there married. She died July 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



357 



II, 1857. Jacob \V. Haskell was the sixth child, and 
was born in (larland October 25, 181 7. The other 
members of the family were: Daniel M., John R. 
Nathan A., Harry L., Sarah E. Jacob \V. Haskell was 
married March 10, 1842, to Mary T. Bates, and had ten 
children: Martha E., died in infancy; Sarah E., mar- 
ried John H. Doe, and has one child; Joseph S., died 
in infancy; Samuel B., married Georgie Delano, and has 
three children ; Thomas B., unmarried ; Luarce A., 
unmarried ; J. Fremont, unmarried ; George W., unmar- 
ried ; Mary Lizzie, unmarried ; M. Mabel, unmarried. 
Mrs. Hiiskell died, and for a second wife Mr. Haskell 
married Mrs. .'\nna Elkins, November 13, 1877. He 
has held several township offices, but has not been a 
place-seeker. 

Moses Gordon was born in Hopkinton, New Hamp- 
shire, February 15, 1780, and remained there until about 
twenty-five years of age, when he removed to CJarland, 
where he died September 22, 1877. His wife was Sarah 
Silver, also born in Hopkinton, March 8, 1779. She 
died May 17, 1857. Albert G. tJordon was born in 
Garland, December 12, 1820. Tiie other children were: 
Savilla C, Amos G., Horace H., Samuel S., James P., 
and Moses G. Albert G. Gordon was married May i, 
1856, to Caroline A. Blanchard, daughter of Eben and 
Ann (Silver) Blanchard. They have no family. 

Constant Southard, a native of New Hampsliire, set- 
tled in Corinna, where he died in 1863. His wife was 
Sally S. Hicks, by whom he had eleven children. Wil- 
liam Southard was born in Corinna in 1809. His wnfe 
was Maria F. Ambrose, by whom he has seven children. 
Merritt Southard was born in Corinna in 1843; gradu- 
ated from the Brunswick Medical College in the class of 
1870, since which time he has been in practice. His 
wife was Mary Gregory, of Corinth. He has a large 
practice and is well known and respected by a large 
circle of friends. 

Lyndon Oak is a son of Benjamin H. Oak, who came 
to Exeter in 1826. He was born in Winchester, New 
Hampshire, in 1775, and died in Garland about 1843. 
His wife was Hannah Smith. Other members of the 
family were S. H. Oak, H. L. Oak, Llewellyn Oak, Lyn- 
don Oak, E. S. Oak. Lyndon Oak was born in Bosca- 
wen. New Hampshire, and came to Penobscot county 
with his father when ten years of age. He has since 
that time lived in Garland. In 1846 he engaged at 
merchandizmg, which business he has continued until the 
present time. He has by enterprise and industry accu- 
mulated a fine property. 

John Whiting was born in the town of Hartland, 
Maine, March 5, 1820, where he lived about fifteen 
years, when he moved to Garland, Maine, where he 
lived until his death October 15, (8S0, at the age of si.xty 
years and seven months. His business through life was 
a farmer. His wife was Tryphosa E. Stewart, born in 
the town of Alton, New Hampshire, September 30, 1821, 
where she lived about four years, and with her parents 
moved to the town of Garland, where she now resides 
at the age of sixty years. Charles H., the fourtli child 
j in the family, was born in Garland, March 15, 1850. His 



business is farming and teaching. The names of his 
brothers and sisters are Mary J., Fannie E., Andrew 
Bryce, and Lizzie H. Charles H. Whiting was married 
March' 14, 1877, to Miss Emma J. Brown, and by this 
union have been born two children — Blanche M. and an 
infant child. Mrs. Whiting's father's name was James 
Brown; her mother, Mary R. Seavey, who lives with her 
daughter, Mrs. Whiting. Mr. Whiting has held no State 
or county offices, but is now and has been for four years 
one of the School Committee of the town. 

Henry Morrill settled in Garland township in 1857. 
He married Margaret Chandler, and they have threee 
children. His life has been devoted to farming, and he 
is one of the leading men of (larland. He is now one of 
the Selectmen of the town, and is respected by all who 
know him. 

B. A. Haskell was one of the first settlers in Garland, 
and a prominent man of the tow-n. His business was 
that of a blacksmitli, and he held the position of captain 
of militia previous to his death in 1869. His wife's 
maiden name was Rebecca Mayhew. Of their children 
four are still living — Susan H. (Clark), Garland; Frances 
K. (Mitchell), Minneapolis, Minnesota; Jacob M., Bos- 
ton, and .\ndrew M. Andrew, the subject of this sketch, 
was born in Garland in 1819. At the age of fourteen he 
learned the trade of mason, and followed it for nine 
years. In 1842 he commenced the business of carriage- 
making and repairing, which he is still engaged in. For 
twenty-one years he held the office of Selectman in this 
town. He married Mary B. Sargent, of Belfast, and they 
have seven children. He was engaged in the Aroostook 
war; and in the years 1870-71 was a member of the State 
Legislature, proving himself a valuable addition to that 
body. 

Leonard Hathaway was born in Massachusetts in 
1802, and settled in Maine in 1809. He was ordained 
as a Free-will Baptist minister in 1826, and preaclied for 
eight years in different parts of the State. He was one 
of those too rare men whose whole object is to do good 
to his fellow-men. He married Dorcas Harvey, daugh- 
ter of Jonathan Harvey, and died in 1877. 0( his chil- 
dren four are living— Laura A. (Mason), Hannah H. 
(Davis), Leonard C, and Addie H. For his second 
wife he married Mary A. Stoner, by whom he had three 
sons, one of whom is the Hon. Henry H. Hathaway. 
This w^hole family are worthy representatives of America's 
noblemen. 

Zebulon Knight was born in the town of Parsonfield, 
Maine, in the year 1803, on the 21st day of June. He 
came to Garland in the year 1825, and lived here until 
he died August 8, 1865, at the age of sixty-two years, 
one month, and eighteen days. His business through 
life was farming. His wife was May Staples, born in 
Kennebunk, Maine, in 1801. They were married in the 
year 1825, and she died April 25, 1870, aged sixty-eight 
years, three months, and twenty-one days. Zebulon 
Knight was the second child in the r'amily, and was born 
in Garland, April 19, 1828. His business through life 
was that of farmer, shoemaker, and hotel proprietor, ' 
His brothers and sisters are Joseph T., Hanniel P., Sarah 



55S 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



J., and Mary Ann. Zebulon Knight was married August 
17, 185 1, to Hariiet J. Barker, and by this union they 
had three children: Franklin P., Charles S., and Freddie, 
died in infancy. They have one adopted daughter, 
Sarah, aged fourteen years. 

Jonathan Farrar Crovvell was born in the town of 
Exeter, Maine, November 17, 1830, where he lived until 
he was nineteen years of age. He then worked on the 
Penobscot river one year, and then went to Pennsylvania 
and worked about four years, after which he moved to 
Garland, where he now resides at the age of fifty-one 
years. His business has been lumbering, milling, and 
Carming. Mr. Crowell owns the mills at Garland Centre. 
He has good substantial farm buildings. He was first 
married to Hannah Farrar Rand, daughter of John 
Rand and Laura (Juin|3er) Rand. She died and he was 
married to his second wife Hannah F. Skillin October 6, 
1867, and by this union has one child, Hannah A. 
Crowell, age twelve years. Mrs. Crowell's father's name 
was Samuel Skillin, her mother's Elizabeth Plummer. 

John Davis was born in the town of Lee, New Hamp- 
shire. His wife was Hannah Hanson, born at Lee, New 
Hampshire. Josiah Davis, their son, was married the 
26th day of November, 1848, to Harriet M. Walker, and 
by this union has four children: Isabell F. Davis, mar- 
ried to Arthur J. Ricker, Dover, Maine, now living in 
Cochituate, Massachusetts, and has one child, Albert W.; 
James H. Davis, married to Ida M. Chandler Foxboro, 
Massachusetts, now resides at Cochituate, Massachusetts, 
one child named Grace .'\. ; Hattie M., not married but 
resides at home; Charles L., not married, and resides at 
home. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members of the Free- 
will Baptist church, as is the daughter who remains at 
home. The eldest daughter is a member of the church 
where she resides. 

Russell Murdock was born in Townshend, Vermont, 
in 1801, and in 1829 came to Garland, where he still re- 
sides. He married Eleanor Bartlett, who was born in 
Garland, July 3, iSii, and died November i, 1844. 
Their children were as follow: Maria, wife of Freeman 
Bacon; Lydia, wife of Richard Henry; Abby and Sarah 
B., not living; Eleanor and Henry. The subject of this 
sketch, Henry Murdock, was married January 3, 1866, 
to Emily J. Fosnett of Northfield, Massachusetts, by 
whom he has six children, all living, viz: Percy R., aged 
twelve yelrs; Willis B., ten; Harry E., eight; Cirace E., 
six; Blanche A., four; .•\rthur H., one year and a half 
Mr. Murdock has been a member of the Congregational 
church for seventeen years, and his wife has been a mem- 
ber for ten years. He has a good farm of 140 acres, 
with substantial buildings and one of the best orchards 
in the county. 

Joseph True's father was born at Deerfield, New Hamji- 



shire. May 10, 1762, and moved to Garland in 1826, 
where he followed farming until his death March 2, 1839. 
He married Sarah Batchelder, who was born at Deerfield, 
New Hampshire, March 12, 1776, and died April 10, 
1842. Their children were Betsey and Abraham, de- 
ceased; Sally, Mary, Nancy, and Joseph, still living., 
Joseph, the fourth child, was born in Deerfield, June 18, 
1801. July I, 1830, he married Eliza L. Adams, and 
has had eight children, three of whom are living, viz: 
Benza, married Sarah F. Jones, and has five children; 
Joseph L., married Ellen M. Abbott, and has one child; 
Mary D., resides at home. The names of those not now 
living are: Sarah P., who died June 12, 1851; Charlotte 
N., who died October 10, 1852; Mary E., who died Sep-i 
tember 13, 1841; Lucy, who died November 7, 1851; 
Eliza A., who died August 29, 1872. Mr. True married 
a second wife July 25, 1855; she is not now living, hav- 
ing died September 16, 1880. Mr. True was a member 
of the State Legislature in 1828-29. He was Selectman, 
in 1829, and held the position of Town Treasurer one 
year. He is a member of the Congregational church, 
and lives on a fine farm of about seventy acres near thei 
village. 

Benjamin Otis was born in New Hampshire Novem- 
ber 24, 1784, and died in Garland January 15, 1863. 
His wife was Rosa Hussey, born in New Hampshire Oe>-i 
tober 4, 1791, and died in Garland June 3, 1868. Joeil; 
W. Otis was the ninth child, and was born in Fairfield,. 
Maine, November 10, 1824. In 1840 he removed to. 
Garland, where he yet resides. He was married Novetn-i 
ber 24, 1847, t^o Francina A. Pooler, and had three ch^' 
dren — Frank P., unmarried, resides at Norway, a lawyer; 
Frances I., married William K. Holt; Joel VV., resides 
at home, single. The remaining children of Benjamin ! 
Otis are: Sally N., Cynthia A., Lydia R., Abigail P., 
Mary D.. Benya P. (deceased), Reuben H., George W., I 
Benya P., second (deceased), and Rosa C. 

The father of Moses N. Parker was born in Worcester, 
Massachusetts, in 1783, where he remained until about! 
thirty years of age, when he moved to Garland, where 
he lived until 1850. His wife was Nancy Bigelow, also 
born in Worcester in 1790; she died October 10, 1875, 
aged eighty-five years. Their son, Moses N. Parker, was 
born in Worcester, Massachusetts, October 16, 1826, and 
lived there until about five years old, when his father and 
mother came to Garland, where he has since lived. He 
was married August 26, 1862, to Miss Sarah Oliver, of 
Garland, and has no family. His brothers and sisters 
were: Elizabeth; Amasa, fell at the battle of Vera Cruz 
in the Mexican war; Sarah, deceased when young; Sarah, 
second; George, Hannah, i\Liry Ann, and .•\ustin. The 
parents of Mrs. Parker were \\'illiam and Sarah (Bick- 
nell) Oliver, both deceased. 



GLENBLIRN 



Glenburn is one of the townships which immediately 
adjoin Banj^or. It is bounded on the north by Hudson, 
I on the east by Pushaw Lake, beyond which hcs Oldtown, 
■ and by Orono: on the south by Bangor and Hernion; 
and on the west by f.evant and Kenduskeag. It thus 
: touches two towns on every side except tlie north, yet it 
is not a large town. It is of the regular township length, 
and its southernmost border lacks only about fifty rods 
' of the same; but this width is suddenly narrowed by the 
invasion of Kenduskeag town two miles above the south 
town line, and the width above this corner is but four 
and a fourth miles. The town is thus comijosed of a cen- 
tral and northern section, nearly in the form of a square, 
four and a quarter miles wide by four miles long; and a 
parallelogram forming the south part, two miles wide by 
' a little less than six miles long, giving Cllenburn an area 
of less than twenty-nine square miles, or more than seven 
less than that of a full township. The south line of the 
town is shortened by tlie pushing nearly half a mile of 
the Orono boundary westward of the Oldtown line. 
I A large part of the eastern boundary is covered by the 
! waters of Pushaw Lake. Beyond the narrower portion 
! of the lake, in the northeast corner of the town, is per- 
haps half a si|uare mile of land, which, however, has no 
settlers upon it. South of that part of the lake in Glen- 
burn runs a little more than a mile and a half of the 
boundary between Orono and Glenburn. About four 
! and two-thirds miles of the length of Pushaw lie in this 
! town, but no great width of it; and the total of the Glen- 
burn waters of the lake is hardly two scpiare miles. This 
[ sheet will receive more particular description where we 
deal with Oldtown, in which most of it lies. It has a 
! singular paucity of tributaries in this town, the only ones 
I noted on the map being the Gibbs Brook, of about two 
miles' length, which flows in from the east nearly half- 
way across the town, and another in the southeast part 
I of the town, reaching tlic lake at almost its lowest point 
j in Glenburn. 

The Kenduskeag Stream has about four and a half 
miles' length of course in the town. From Kenduskeag 
town the river dips down into the narrow part of Glen- 
burn, but only a little way, making an arc of less than a 
mile before returning to Kenduskeag, whence it Hows in 
j a northeast course across the angle of that town into 
' Glenburn, preserving this course but a short distance be- 
fore it bends to the .southeast and then to the south, 
making its way, after a course of less than four miles, 
; into Bangor, about a mile from the northwest corner of 
that city. About one-fourth of a mile after its first ap- 
[ pearance in Glenburn, just as it makes a sharp bend to 
I the eastward, it receives from the southwest the Little 



Kenduskeag Stream, a very crooked body of water flow- 
ing across the southeast part of Levant, and for less than 
a mile in the lower northwest angle of Glenburn. A 
little below the mouth of this a small tributary, rising 
near the south line of the town, also reaches the Ken- 
duskeag. Meadow Brook heads in the southern edge of 
Hudson, enters this town at the upper northwest corner, 
and flows a little less than a mile to its juni tion with a 
similar stream also coming from the Hudson border, the 
two forming the Lancaster Brook. A little below the 
junction an affluent of about the same length comes in 
from the eastw-ard. The Tozier Brook heads upon the 
Kenduskeag line, a mile and two-thirds south of the north 
west corner of Glenburn, and Hows southwestward two 
miles to a union with the Lancaster Brook, in a channel 
of one mile's length, by which their waters How south- 
ward to the Kenduskeag Stream. One and a half miles 
from the south the stream receives another but petty 
tributary, nearly opposite its mouth another on the west, 
and a mile south of that a very small rivulet. The.se are 
the waters of Glenburn. 

Considerable tracts in this town, away from the high 
roads and larger waters, are still unsettled. The princi- 
pal highways are two that come in from the direction of 
Bangor, less than half a mile apart from the town line, 
and running in a general north direction to a junction 
one mile below the north line, to which the westernmost 
of them continues and goes into Hudson. On this road 
is Glenburn Centre, or Glenburn post-office, where the 
Town Hall and School No. 4 are situated. It is at the 
crossing of the main east and west road of the town, 
which starts from the road near Pushaw Lake, a third of 
a mile below School No. 2, and runs due west to nearly 
a mile beyond Cllenbmn Centre, where it angles to the 
southward and shortly strikes the Kenduskeag Stream, 
whose north bank it follows into Kenduskeag. North of 
this there is no east and west road of length in the town, 
nor any south of it traversing more than a small part of 
the breadth of the town. Nearly two miles south of 
Glenburn Centre, and a little above School No. 5, a short 
route connects the two north and south highways, and 
runs a little Ijeyond the easternmost to one of two shoit 
roads that, with the Orono town line, make pretty nearly 
a triangle. At the eastern road-crossing is School No, 1. 
School No. 3 is near the junction of the north and south 
roads, in the north of the tow:n. A cemetery is on the 
road a mile east of Glenburn. \Vest and south of the 
Kenduskeag three diagonal lines of road come in C]uite 
close together from the Bangor way, and run across the 
town, the northeasternmost of them going out exactly 
at the southeast corner of Kenduskeag, and the other 

359 



360 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



two uniting at West Glenburn, crossina; the Kenduskeag, 
and following up its left bank to the Kenduskeag post- 
offire. At School No. i, midway between West Glen- 
burn and the town line, the westernmost of these roads 
pushes off a highway due west and then northwest into 
Levant, from which a short road, with School No. 7 and 
a cemetery ui)on it, connects with another diagonal line 
crossing almost at the extreme southwest corner of CJlen- 
burn. West Glenburn is but a petty hamlet, without a 
post-office. 

Notwithstanding the extent of the waters of Glenburn, 
there is no water-power, and so comparatively little man- 
ufacturing in the town. The soil is generally favorable, 
and the surface for the most part level ; so the population 
of the town is largely given to agriculture. There is, 
however, a cheese factory in Glenburn, organized about 
1873; one moccasin-maker, one smith and carriage- 
maker, one smith, one mason, and a number of carpen- 
ters, charcoal-burners, and makers of flour-barrel hoops. 
One hotel, the Pushaw House, is kept; and the Patrons 
of Husbandry have a general Grange store. 

Glenburn was settled about 1806, but not incorporated 
as a town until January 29, 1822, when it took the name 
Dutton, from Judge Samuel E. Button, of Bangor, who 
had a large mterest in it, and of whom an entertaining 
.sketch will be found in Judge Godfrey's chai^ter on the 
Bench and Bar, in the first division of this book. It ex- 
isted under this name for a little more than fifteen years, 
when, March 18, 1837, it took its present name by the 
requisite resolve of the Legislature. 

The population of the Dutton tract in 18 10 was 89, 
and 207 in 1820. Glenburn had 664 people in 1840, 
905 in 1850, 741 in i860, 720 in 1870, and 655 in 1880. 

The number of polls in Glenburn in i860 was 171, 
with estates $115,453; 1870, polls 166, estates $143,313 ; 
1880, polls 175, estates $138,632. 

The officers of the town in 1880 were: Horace Pen- 
dexter, J. B. Gibbs, J. S. Staples, Selectmen; John F. 
Tolman, Town Clerk; John F. Tolman, Treasurer; Win- 
gate E. Gibbs, Josei)h Parks, Constables; John B. Gibbs, 
School Supervisor; L. Marston, John M. Cort, William 
Goodwin (Quorum), Justices. 

William Goodwin is Postmaster of (ilenburn. 

The associations of Glenburn are altogether agricul- 
tural — the Pushaw Grange, No. 22, Patrons of Hus- 
bandry, and the Glenburn Farmers' Club. There is not 
now an organized religious society in the town. The 
Nelson Dingley Lodge of the Independent Order of 
(iood Templars, named from ex-Governor Dingley, now 
editor of the Lewiston Journal and member of Congress, 
and a prominent temperance advocate, subsisted luitil re- 
cently. 

SF.TTL.EKS' .NOTES. 

Mr. Lemuel Worster is a son of George VVorster, who 
came to C;ienburn from Berwick, Maine, in 1805. His 
father was George Worster, born January 25, 1775. 
He married Mercy Tibbitts, born May i, 1774. When 
he came to Penobsc )t county he first settled in Kendus- 
keag, formerly Levant. From there he moved to Glen- 
burn, then called Dutton, and from there moved to the 



place where Mn Lemuel Worster now lives. He was a 
farmer and lumberman. George and Mary Worster had 
eleven children, seven sons and four daughters — Joshua, 
Martha, Mary, Daniel, Lemuel, George, Isaac, Thomas 
H., Charity, Solomon, and Mercy. Mr. Worster died 
August 16, 1828, and Mrs. Worster died October 19, 
1861. Lemuel Worster was born August 14, 1805, in 
Kenduskeag, then Levant. He has always lived in this 
vicinity since he became of age. Mr. Worster married, 
for his first wife, Abiah B. Mason, by whom he had 
ten children, viz: Mary E., George W., Jonas M., 
Lemuel N., Henry T., Abiah A., David S., Clara A., 
Harriet N., Franklin P. Mrs. Worster died November 
4, 1864. Mr. Worster married, for his second wife, Mrs. 
Lucy H. Stilkey (nee Lucy Page), daughter of Philemon 
Page, of Freeport, Maine, who lived also in Bangor. 
Mr. Worster has followed the business of farming and 
lumbering. He was for seven years a captain of the mi- 
litia. He has served as Selectman of his town. His ' 
place is in the western part of Glenburn, and contains 
sixty-eight acres. 

Mr. Stephen T. Vickery, of Glenburn, is a son of 
Jonathan Vickery, of Gorham, Maine. He came to 
Glenburn in 1827, and settled in the neighborhood where 
Mr. Stephen Vickery now lives. He had fourteen chil- 
dren, viz: Benjamin, now in Bangor; Martha, deceased; 
David, deceased; Stephen; Lewis, deceased; Joel, now j 
of Glenburn; Hannah, deceased; Lydia, deceased; Jona- 
than, of Exeter, Maine; Lydia ; Joseph, deceased; Hiram, 
deceased; Eliza A., deceased; Albion, deceased, and ! 
Ixander. Mr. Vickery always followed farming. He i; 
died in 1846, and Mrs. Vickery in 1855. Stephen T. ! 
Vickery was born in Unity, Maine, June 25, 1806. He 1 
came to Glenburn with his father when he was about 
twenty-otie years old. Here he has since lived, following 
farming and lumbering for a business. He married Betsey 
Gibbs, daughter of Elisha Gibbs, of Glenburn. They 
have had nine children, viz; Ellen; Charles, deceased; 
Edward, of Glenburn; Wilmot, deceased in army; Susan, 
deceased wife of Hollis Newcomb, of Bangor; Minte; ; 
Eben, of fllenburn: Charles, deceased, and Olive. Mr. i 
Vickery formerly held office in town. He is now one of 
the successful farmers of Glenburn. ; 

Mrs. Lillian Tibbitts, widow of the late William Tib- ', 
bins, of C;ienburn, is a daughter of Jonathan and Sarah 
Hunt {//!■(' Sarah Vickery). Her mother died when she , 
was but two years of age, and her father in 1879. She 
was brought up by her grandfather Vickery. Her fiither, 
Jonathan Hunt, was a farmer, and lived in Bradford. 
Lillian married William Tibbitts, of Carmel, Maine. He 
was a surveyor of lumber, and worked in Bangor, where 
he lived. He died in July, 1877. Mrs. Tibbitts has 
one daughter, Lillie May, now six years of age. She ^ 
makes her home with her grandmother in Glenburn. 

Captain Horace N. Wentworth was born in Orrington, 
November 29, 1840. He is a son of George W. and : 
Jane M. Wentworth. For several years Captain Went- , 
worth followed the sea, and was a successful navigator, j 
He married Lovinia D. Atwood, daughter of Captain • 
Warren Atwood, November 23, 1864, and resided in Or- 



UJ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



361 



,iin<'ton until 1873, where his wife died, leaving one child 

I njaiy 1. He came to Glenbtiin in 1S73, where he 

married Susan G. Ridley, widow of Silas C. Ridlc;-, and 
■eldest duighter of Austin and Louisa Edson, July 9, 
ii873- 'ihsy '^^^'^ °"^ ^°"' Ceorge Edson Wentworth, 
'born July 26, 1875. Cajatain Wentworth lives on the 
farm where Mrs. Edson was born. His family consists 
of himself, his wife, and two children, and Austin and 
'Louisa Edson, father and mother of Mrs. Wentworth. 

Austin Edson was born in Randolph, Vermont, March 
111, 1805; was a son of Simeon Edson of that town, 
'whose ancestors came from England and settled on the 
banks of the Connecticut River. He was the seventli 
Ichild of a family of fourteen ; came to Glenburn in 1S30; 
'was married to Louise Mann, February 5, 1834; was a 
millwright by trade; worked in most of the mills on 
the Penobscot River for twenty-five years. He settled 
'on the farm in Glenburn where he and his wife are now 
living. 

Louise Edson was a daughter of William and Sarah 
Mann, and was born July 9, 1812. She was a grand- 
daughter of Amos Mann, one of the first settlers of 
Maine and a Revolutionary soldier, who drew a pension 
uniil his death. He was born in Kennebec county in 
1 1 750, and married Mary Blagdon. He settled on the 
banks of the Kenduskeag River, afterwards moved to 
Hermon and was the first settler there. He died No- 
vember I, 1841, aged seventy nine. His wife, Mary, 
died November 2, 1852, aged ninety-one. They had 
ten children, three of whom served in the War of 1S12. 
' Two are still living — Joel ^L^nn, aged seventy-eight, and 
jSylvia Mann, aged eighty-one. 

Susan G., wife of Horace Wentworth, was born in 
iGlenburn April 8, 1837; was married to Silas C. Ridley, 
of Wayne, August 20, 1S54, in Glenburn. Mr. Ridley 
'was born in Wayne April 3, 1S31; died November i, 
1870, aged thirty-nine. Mr. Ridley represented one of 
the oldest families in the State — was a descendent of 
Jonathan Ridley, of Wayne. Mr. Ridley left two chil- 
dren: Gertrude L., born in Glenburn November 10, 
.1858, is a teacher in the public schools of that town; 
has also taught in District No. i, in Hudson, where her 
mother and grandmother taught before her, in the same 
building. Louise F. was born in Glenburn October 8, 
, 1865; died January 23, 1873, aged seven years and four 
. months. 

William Mann, father of Mrs. Edson and grandlnther 

of Mrs. Wentworth, the oldest son of Amos INLann, was 

married to Sarah Sherburn, and afterwards to Sarah 

Bell. By his first wife he had eleven children, and two 

by his second wife. He died December 4, 1850, aged 

.sixty-nine years. His first wife died July 7, 1833, aged 

.forty-three; his second, December 7, 1S61, aged si.xty- 

' three years. Mrs. Edson was William Mann's third 

- child, and has five children, four of them now living: 

I Susan G., married Horace Wentworth; Louise M., born 

in Bangor March 2, 1840, married Jeremiah L. Flagg, 

now lives in Lowell, Massachusetts; Lucy, born in Ban- 
t 111 

gor December 30, 1843, married Hooper B. Stuart, now 
lives in Culbertson, Nebraska; Austin Edson, Jr., born 
46 



December 12, 1846, died September 16, t848; Evelina, 
born July 31, 1849, married James S. Thompson, now 
lives in Bellingliam, Massachusetts. 

George W. Worster was born in Glenburn, Maine, 
August 27, 1834. His wife, Margaret A. Nason, to 
whom he was married December 6, 1861;, was born 
November 17, 1843. They have a family of four chil- 
dren — Frank E , George H., Edward W., and Nellie A. 
Mr. Worster woiked at lumbering in Wisconsin in 1857, 
and took steps toward organizing a company for service 
in the Kansas border troubles. In 1859 he returned to 
Maine, and in 1861 enlisted as private in company E. 
Fourteenth Regiment, Maine Infantrj', and was promoted 
to sergeant in camp at Augusta. He accompanied Gen- 
eral Butler's secret expedition to Ship Island; was com- 
missioned First Lieutenant June 20, 1862. He served 
with his company in the Louisiana campaign, and ac- 
quitted himself with credit. He re-enlisted as a veteran, 
and after enjoying a furlough returned with the regiment 
to Louisiana, and from there embarked for Washington 
in July, 1864. In February, 1864, he was commissioned 
captain, and on September 19th of the same year was 
severely wounded in the thigh while leading his company 
in a charge near Winchester, Virginia, and was left a 
prisoner within the rebel lines. His sword and belt were 
taken from him, but were recaptured later in the day. 
After the close of ihe war he removed to Bangor and en- 
gaged in the manufacture of suspenders. He moved to 
Glenburn in 1877, where he has served as clerk and 
agent of the school district; also as Assessor, Selectman, 
and Overseer of the Poor. He is at present engaged in 
farming. 

Horace Pendcxter, of Glenburn, is a son of James and 
Sally Pende.xter, of Cornish, York cotmty. Mrs. Pen- 
dexter was a Hammonds. James Pendexter was a 
f.irmer. He came to Glenburn in 1843, and settled on 
the place where Horace now lives. He had five chil- 
dren — Horace; Mary, deceased, wife of Daniel B. Head, 
of Bangor; Olive J., wife of Thomas Gibbs, of Glen- 
burn; and Aiigusla. Mr. Pendexter died January 3, 
187s, and his , wife November 8, 1880. Horace Pendex- 
ter, the oldest of the family, was born May 15, 1825. 
He came to Glenburn when eighteen years of age and 
has always since lived here. He r.iarried Lydia S. 
Thomas, daughter of Bradbury Thomas, of Glenburn, 
formerly of Centre Harbor, New Hampshire. They 
have one daughter — Mary. Mr. Pendexter has held the 
offices of Selectman and Overseer of the Poor for four- 
teen years. 

Abner T.' French, of Glenburn, is a son of George S. 
and Ann S. French {nee Ann Taylor). His grandfather 
was Zadoc French, who came to Bangor from Billerica, 
Massachusetts. George S. and Ann French had eight 
children — George Z., now in Wilmington, North Carolina; 
Maria T., deceased, wife of Captain C. B. San:'ord, 
formerly of Bangor; Charles H., deceased; Anna H., de- 
ceased; Frederick F., deceased; Abner T. ; William H., 
Wilmington, North Carolina; Josiah, also of Wilmington, 
North Carolina. Mr. French formerly lived in Bango". 
He moved to Glenburn in December, 1843, where he 



363 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



lived llie remninder of his life. He died in February, 
1S49. Mrs. French is still living in North Carolina with 
jier sons. She .'spends sonic time also in Glcnburn and 
Banijor. Abner T. French was born April 29, 1844. 
He received a common school education, and spent one 
year afterward in Hampden Academy. He has always 
lived on the old jilacc, except a short time in Virginia 
with his brother. He married Miss Caroline E. Farn- 
liain, daughter of Frederick and Sarah Farniiam, of 
Glcnburn. They have two children living, having lost 
three. Their names are Matlie M. and Chailes F. The 
deceased were named George Z., Malcom, and Morris. 

Joseph Meiryman, of Glenburn, is a son of Thomas 
and Mariha A. Meriyman {nee Martha Melcher). 
Thomas and Martha A. Merryman were natives of 
Brunswick, Maine. They had six children, four sons 
and two d.nii;liters, viz: Oliver P., now of Kingman, 
Maine; Nancy, wife of Hiram Church, of Levant, 
Maine; Thomas, of Bangor; Joseph; Alfred, now of 
Moline, Illinois; and Mary A. Mr. Merryman in his 
younger days was a ship-carpenter and joiner, but spent 
his later days on a farm. He died in St. Albans, Maine, 
in 1^174. Mrs. Merryman died in 1S41. Joseph Mer- 
ryman was born April 16, TS34, in St. Albans, Maine. 
He first settled in Glenburn in 1865, where he has since 
lived. He lins spent several winters in the West. He 
farm? during the summer, but winters he is engaged in 
the popcorn busmess, both here and in Minneapolis, Min- 
nesota, where hi has spent several winters. He mar- 
ried Miss Abbie C. Frees, daughter of Allen B. and 
Electa Frees, of Orono. The Frees family were among 
the first settlers in Bangor and Orono. Mr. and Mrs. 



Merriman have two children, viz: Annie M., and Emma. 
Mr. Harrison G. O. McDonald, of Glenburn, is a son 
of Joseph and Mary McDonald {tiee Mary Wilson). Hisl 
grandfather, John McDonald, was a native of Scotland. 
Joseph and Mary McDonald had eleven children, ol 
whom eiglit are now living. Their names are: Ann, 
deceased; Sophronia; Harrison; Rev. William, now oi 
Massachusetts; Jonathan F., of Glenburn; John, in 
Montville, Maine; James, deceased; Susan, wife ol 
Major Payne, of East Newport, Maine; Mary, now 
Mrs. N.ithaniel Annes, of Placerville, California. The 
others died in infancy. Mr. IMcDonald lived in Unity, 
Waldo county, most of his days, though he died in Bel- 
mont, Waldo county. He was a farmer, and died April 
18, 1835, his wife dying about 1840. Harrison G. 0. 
McDonald was born February 4, 1814, in Unity. He 
received a common school education, and on becoming 
of age settled in Belf^rst and learned his trade of house- 
carpenter and joiner. He lived in Belfast about twenty 
years, with the exception of about six years spent in 
Boston, working at his trade. In i860 he moved to 
Bangor, where he lived for about ten years. He moved 
to Glenburn in 1870, where he o\:ns a farm and also 
works at his trade. He married Miss Harriet Flowers, 
of Belfast, by whom lie had two children, viz: Ann, de- 
ceased, and George F., now in California. Mrs. Mc- 
Donald died in March, 1866, and he married for his 
second wife Alvina A. Lambert, by whom he has thret 
sons, viz: Charles, Henry R., and Franklin (decea.sed). 
Mr. McDonald was a member of the Fourth Maine Vol-, 
unteers for eight months, when he was discharged for, 
disability. 



GREENBUSH. 



Greenhush is a large town, territorially, up the valley 
of the Penobscot, on tlie cast side of the river, eleven 
miles from Bangor, by the nearest corners. The Maine 
Register a little more than doubles these figures, giving 
twcnty-ihree mik-s as the distance. 1 

Greenbush is bounded on the north by Passadumkeag; 
on the east by 'J'ownship No. i and a small part of 
Greenfield; on the south by Milfoid; and on the west 
by the Penobscot, beyond which, opposite its front, lie 
Argyle and a very nariow strip of Edinburg. 

In the river between Greenljush and the last two towns, 
are some thirty-five of the Indian islands, a larger number 
t'.i.tn lie off the front of any other town in the county. 



Most of them are very small and unnamed; but a few have 
geographical designations, as Goose and Sock's Islands,, 
abreast the south part of Olamon Island, in the north 
part of the town; Sugar, Birch, Comstock, Hemlock, 
I and Cow Islands, about the middle of the river's course 
along the Penobscot front; and Jackson and White 
Squaw Islands to the southward. Olamon Island, in 
the northwest part of the town, passes a little way into; 
Passadumkeag, and is large enough to be almost consid- 
ered a part of the mainland, from which it is separated' 
by but a narrow channel. There arc several residences 
upon it, the Indians inhabiting it to some extent; and 
the school authorities of Greenbush have generally 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



looked to the education of tlie children of the Indians. 
The Penobscot flows through a slightly winding course 
for a distance of about eight miles along the west front 
of Greenbush. The north line of the town is less than 
four miles long; the south is five and five-sixths, and the 
east line seven miles long. The boundaries are straight 
'on these three sides, but do not make e.xact right angles 
with each other, the town lying somewhat off the cardi- 
nal points of tlie compass. 

' Along the river, at a distance never more than threc- 
'founhs of a mile from it, runs tiie European & North 
American Railway, with nearly the same length of track 
■within tlie limits of the town that the river has channel 
lalong its front. 'J'he railway makes two stations in tlie 
town, one at Greenbush [lost-office, and one at Olanion. 
' Between the railway and the river, most of the dis- 
tance, runs the river road from the southward. The only 
exception is for some way each side of Olamon Station, 
where the railroad gets between the wagon road and the 
river. At the depot the Olamon Stream comes in — a 
'good-sized water, which enters Greenbush at the north- 
west corner of Greenfield, and tlows about six miles 
northwesterly across the town to this point, two-thirds of 
a mile below the north line of the town. About a mile 
from its entrance it receives the Parker Brook, a little 
stream, from the east, and Otter Brook from the west, 
'and takes no other tributary in the rest of its course 
through the town. About half-way to Olamon Station it 
;is crossed by a north and south road which begins at a 
road (rom Greenfield, entering at the exact southeast cor- 
'ner of the town, running northwesterly to a cemetery 
some t«o miles distant, and thence a little less distance 
southwesterly out of the town into Milford. Between it 
and the river are two small tributaries of the Penobscot; 
near the mouth of the north one, on the river road, is 
School No. I. A mile and a half north of this, near the 
foot of Jackson Island, is the mouth of a two and one- 
half mile stream called the Boom Bridge Brook. Three 
other creeks Qow at tolerably regular intervals into the 
river between this and the Olamon. The last of these is 
a stream of some five miles' length, running altogether in 
Greenbush, with a general parallelism to the Olamon 
I Stream. In the extreme north part of the town, a small 
arc of a brook that dips down into Greenbush from Pas- 
sadunikeag completes the catalogue of waters for the 
town. It has no lake or pond. 

Returning to the north and south road in the cast of 
the town, it has about seven miles' length in Greenbush. 
School No. 4 is at the intersection of an east and west 
road from Township No. i to Olamon Station. A mile 
north it sends off another but shorter westerly road to 
Olamon. From the cemetery named in the south of the 
town a mile and a quarter road runs to a longer highway 
from the southward, which has School No. 5 below the 
junction, and passes northwestward to the river road and 
the river, at the foot of Olamon Island. 

Most of the settlement in Greenbush is on the river 
road. Upon it are Olamon Station, at the northward, 
which has a hotel, stores, shops, and School No. 3. 
About midway from the south town line to this is Green- 



bush Station, which has School No. 2, hotels, stores, etc. 
Two and a half miles below it a "booin house" has been 
built, below the Boom Bridge Brook. The middle 
north and south road through the town is also moderate- 
ly well settled, especi.iUy on its forks at the lower end. 
The northeastern part of the town has a tolerable settle- 
ment. Much of the town, however, is still in wild 
lands, and the biggest room in Greenbush is so far the 
"room for improvement." 

The first white settlei-s got ''nto the Greenbush region 
about 1820, and by 1834 the tract had enough popula- 
tion to justify the formation of a town. February 28, 
1834, it was incorporated. Its popul.ition in 1S40 was 
261, in 1850457, in i860 656, in 1S70 62 t, and in 18S0 
681. Th'e valuation in i860 was — polls, 14 r; estates, 
$62,813; 1870— polls, 151; estates, $129,718; 1S80— 
polls, 169; estates, $91,996. 

There is no church in Greenbush. The Good Tem- 
plars have a society — the Tari'antine Lodge, at Olanion. 

At the sami place is kept the European and North 
American Railroad House. There are also in the town 
one saw-mill, two establishments manufacturing moc- 
casins and snow-shoes, one axes, and two coopers. Four 
persons or firms keep general stores. 

The officers of the town in 1S80 were: G. L. Corn- 
stock, J. T. Mullen, A. M. Edgerly, Selectmen; Gilbert 
L. Comstock, Clerk and Tre.isurer; J. C. Scott, Consta- 
ble and Collector; G. G. Weld, Schojl Suiiervisor; J. C. 
Scott (Quorum), C. S. Weld (Tri.il), Justices. 

Nathan Ellingwood is postmaster at the Greenbush o.''- 
fice; Henry L. Wheeler at Olamon. 

NOTES 07 SETII.EMENT. 

Among the oldest settlers of Greenbush is Mr. Elijah 
Spencei', whose father, Asa Spencer, came to Bradley 
from Kennebec county in a very early day, when a yoaih. 
His father, Nathaniel Spencer, was a Revolutionary sol- 
dier, and when he came to this county from Ivennebcc 
he brought one of his children on his back, walking all 
the way. He lived to bo one hundred and tlii-ec jears 
old. Asa Spencer married Miss Lucy R.mkins for his 
first wile. They had seven children, four sons and three 
daughters. Of these Elijah is the oldest, and the rest 
are all dead except one, Jefferson, who lives in Bradley. 
He married for his second wile Mary Warren, by whom 
he had six children. He died in Ohio about 1S79. 
Elijah Spencer was born October 9, 1803, in Bradley. 
He came to Greenbush as a workman in 182 1. He mar- 
ried Elizabeth Stanley, daughter of Benjamin Stanley, of 
Greenbush, in 1823, by whom he had five children, viz.: 
Charles, now of New Hampshire; Lovina, now Mrs. Bal- 
lard, of this town; Eleanor, deceased wife of Thomas 
Hill; Orilla, also deceased; Margaret J., also deceased. 
Mr. Spencer's wife died in 1850, and he married for his 
second wife Mary Fi-eeman, of Greenbush. By this union 
there are four girls and one son, viz.: Aurora, now Mrs. 
Bean, of Greenbush; Abbie, now Mrs. Mudy, of Milford; 
Mary, now Mrs. Eldredgc, of Greenbush; N.incy E., now 
Mrs. Robinson, of B.ingor. Mr. Spencer has had in all 
seventeen children by both wives. He now lives on the 



364 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



/arm he cleaved in South Greenbush before a road was 
made in town. He has one hundred acres of land, and 
is still ru;^ged and works in tlie field. 

Amon.i; the leading men of Greenfield is Mr. Ransom 
Kennedy. He is the son of Samuel and Hariiet Ken- 
nedy, of Newcastle, Maine. Samuel Kennedy liad fif- 
teen children, eight boys and seven girls, thirteen of 
whom grew to maturit_v, viz.: Caroline, Samuel, James, 
Austin, Elbiidge, Harriet, Hiram, Theodore, Jackson, 
Martha, Alden, Adeline. Theodore Kennedy is the sixth 
son of this family. Samuel Kennedy settled in Somers- 
vilie, Waldo county, Maine, where he lived and died. 
Theodore Kennedy married Sarah Young, daughter of 
Henry and Susan Young, of Greenbush. They have 
had eight children, seven d.iughtcrs and one' son, viz.: 
Lauetia, now Mis. A. Littlefield, of Greenbush; Elbridge; 
Myra, now Mrs. Arthur Brown, of this town: Ella May, 
now Mrs. Thomas Herriman, of Greenbush; Susan, wife 
of Charles Burr, of Milford, now deceased; Lillian; 
Florence, and Hattie. Mr. Kennedy settled in Green- 
bush, in 1 85 1, on the farm where he now lives with his 
son Elbridge. Elbridge Kennedy married Mary F. 
Young, daughter of Isaac and Nancy Young. They have 
three children now living, viz.: Blanche N., Lena R., 
and Geneiva E. Mr. Kennedy has a farm of one hun- 
dred and eighty-nine acres, and is now engaged in farm- 
ing, which is his principal business. 

Among the leading men of Greenbush are Messrs. 
Charles and Moses Weld. They arc sons of Daniel 
Weld, of Cornish, New Hampshire, born May 27, 17S1. 
He married Lydia Fuller, daughter of Thomas Fuller, of 
Hardwick, Vermont, born June 6,1784. They had six 
children, viz; John F., now of Nauvoo, Illinois; Daniel, 
now deceased; Moses; Eben; who died in Oregon; 
Martin, now of Groton, Vermont, and C. S. Mr. Weld 
died September 13, 1851. Mrs. Weld died November 
6, 1846. Moses Weld was born January 18, 1813, and 
first came here from Groton, Vermont, about 1S41, and 
worked in a shop and foundry in Bangor for a few 
months. He came to Greenbush in 1842, and located 
at Olamon. He engaged in axe-manufacture, at which 
business he has ever since continued, adding farming to 
this, which he follows during the summer season. He 
married Mis. Olive Lovell. Tiiey have had four chil- 
dren, three of whom arc still living, viz: Daniel C, died 
in youth; Moses E., now in Pennsylvania; Gauin G., now 
of Oldtown, studying medicine, and Edith L. Mr. Weld 
has a farm of about four hundred and fifty acres, with a 
fine set of farm buildings. His residence and grounds 
are well arranged. He has taken much pains to set out 
trees, and has a very fine grove -of maples all along the 
road. 

C. S. Weld was born May 5, 1819. He came to 
Olamon in 1850, and engaged in mercantile business 
and teaching. He taught several years, and in five 
States. He has of late years not been in business, hav- 
ing retired in 1875. He boards with his brother, with 
whom he has made his home for thirty years and over, 
never having married. He has held many of the 
principal offices of the town, and some of them many 



terms. He has served as postmaster at Olamon for six 
or eight years. 

J. C. Scott is the son of David and Betsey Scott, ol 
Albion, Kennebec county, Maine. J. C. Scott was born 
September 30, 1822. He lived about two years in Pass- 
adiimkeag, and then moved to Greenbush in 1843, where 
he has ever since lived. He married Keziah A. Gilman, 
daughter of Nicholas and Ruth Gilman, of Passadum- 
keag. Mr. Da\id Scott died in 1851; Mrs. Scott was 
the daughter of Jonathan Coombs, of Islesboro, Maine, 
aud is still living. They have had seven children — two 
sons and five daughters, viz: Sergeant Jasper, died in the 
army; Maria A., now Mrs. J. A. Atwood, of Greenbush. 
Ruth G., now Mrs. W. ^\'. Harris, of Greensbush; Elizabeth 
C, now Mrs. H. F. Harris, also of Greenbush; Ambrose 
S., now of Greenbush (married Clara E. Carney); Martha 
A., married W. H. Smart, who died in 1877; Louisa D., 
wife of A. L. Harris, of this town. Mr. Scott first settled 
on the farm where he now lives in 1843, felling the first; 
trees on the farm. He has two hundred acres, with about 
fifty acres cleared. He has served as one of the Select- 
men of this town for twenty-four years, and held every 
office in the gift of his town, e.xcept one which he would , 
never accept. 

G. W. Merrill is the son of Joseph Merrill, of Skow- 
hegaii, who came from New Hampshire, to Skowhegan, 
about 1804. He married Mary Neil. They had six 
childien, three boys and three girls, viz: Albert N., now. 
deceased; Joseph, now living in North Anson; Mary,, 
now deceased; George W. ; Mary F., deceased wife of 
Edward Selden, of Norridgewock, Maine; Sarah E., wife: 
of Augustus C. L. Hill, of Bryan, Texas. Mr. Joseph 
MeiriU died in 1821. Mrs. Merrill died in 1825. G. 
W. Merrill was born October 20, 1814. He first settled 
in Greenbush. His father dying when he was seven i 
years old, left him to be cared for by his mother, who 
died when he was twelve. He lived with an uncle till 
nineteen. He commenced in Greenbush as tavern 
keeper and merchant in 1845. He had served in- 
the Aroostook expedition ere this. He married Par- 
mclia Dclett, of Littleton, daughter of Lewis Delett. 
They had six children that have grown to maturity, hav- 
ing lost two in childhood. The naines of the living are 
Mary F., Albrie, Lewis W., Helen H., George H., and ; 
Augustus, also Sarah, died in infancy or early childhood. 
Mrs. Merrill died in 1870. Mr. Merrill married for his 
second wife Mrs. Caroline M. Conant, who is still living. 
Mr. Merrill has always lived here, being now engaged in 
mercantile business, hotel keeper, and Tarming. He has . 
frequently held office in town as Selectman, Treasurer, . 
Overseer of Poor, &c. 

William H. Scott is the son of David Scott, who came 
to Greenbush from Albion, Kennebec county, Maine. 
His father's name was also David. He married Betsey : 
Coombs, of Berwick, Maine, who afterwards lived in 
Islesboro. They had nine children, six boys and three 
girls: James, now of Greenbush; INLartha, now Mrs. 
Moses Ingalls, of Passadumkeag; Jonathan, deceased; 
^ViUiam H.; David, now of Oriington; Ann, now de- 
ceased; Ann, now Mrs. Bates, of Passadumkeag ; Obey 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



36s 



' F. now living at Islesboro; Albert, deceased. Mr. Scott 
came here in 1845 and settled toward the eastern part of 
the town, where he always liwd and where he died in 
1850. Mrs. Scott is still living with her son, William H. 
I William H. Scott was born in 1825 and came to this 
I towrj when twenty years old. He first lived on the 
East Ridge. He married Caroline A. Folson, of Green- 
bush, daughter of Joseph G. Folson and Hannah Folson. 
They had two children, viz: Winfield and Clarence, 
both now living at home. Mrs. Scott died April 13, 1872. 
Mr. Scott married for his second wife Mrs. Vickery, of 
1 Troy, Waldo county, daughter of Noah and Eunice 
I Weeks. They have no children. Mr. Scott has held 
the office of Selectman for four terms, and Superintend- 
ing School Committeeman five years. He represented 
his district in the Legislature of 1863. 

John B. Manning is the son of James Manning, of 
.\lachias. James Manning married Jane Bowness. They 
had ten children, viz: Betsey, now deceased; Mary 
Ann, now Mrs. White, of Idaho; Sarah, now deceased; 
Cyrus, deceased; George, now of Lewiston, Idaho; 
William, now of Newport, Maine; Lydia, now Mrs. Al- 
bert Cushman, of Montvillc, Maine; Hamilton, de- 
ceased; and John B. James Manning died September 
2o, 1866. Mrs. Manning is still living in Greenbush. 
John B. Manning was born May 4, 1847, in Oldtown, 
Maine. He married .\lzina Munson, daughter of Isaiah 
and Barbara Munson, of Princeton, Maine. They have 
no children, but an adopted son. Mr. Manning first 
settled on the old homestead in Greenbush, where he 
now lives, following the business of lumbering and 
' farming. 

John H. Avery is the son of Jeremiah and Jane Avery, 
of Monroe, Waldo county, who moved to Greenfield 
about 1830, and spent the rest of his days there, dying 
about 1852. Mrs. Avery died about 1863. They had 
si.x children, three boys and three girls: Rachel, deceased 
wife of George Ricker, of South Berwick; Olive, now 
deceased; Jeremiah, now living in Milford, Maine; John 
I H.; George W., now deceased, died in the war; Mary 
I Jane, now Mrs. DoUiff, of Veazie. John H. Avery was 
born in December, 18 12, at Monroe. He married Susan 
Pinkham, daughter of Nathan and Charlotte Pinkham, 
of Alna, this State. They first settled in Greenfield, 



living there about three years, then moved to No. i, 
North Division, Bingham Purchase, where he lived 
twelve years, then moved to Greenbush, where he has 
since lived. They have had eleven children, eight of 
whom grew to man and womanhood, viz: Charlotte, 
now Mrs. Ricker, of Greenbush; Sallie (deceased), wife 
of L. J. Babcock, of Enfield; Susan, now deceased; Fi- 
dela, now Mrs. J. W. Hathaway, of Passadumkeag; F. A., 
now of Passadumkeag ; John A., now of Michigan ; 
Malvina A., now Mrs. J. H. Grant, of Burlington, Maine. 
Mr. Avery and his wife are now living on the old place 
in (Jreenbush, and though now about seventy years old, 
they do their own work. 

Joseph Mullen is a son of John Mullen, who came 
here from Ireland and settled first permanently in this 
town, about the central part on the river road. He 
married Bridget Butler. They had six children, viz: 
Ellen, now deceased ; Maggie, also deceased ; James B., 
now living in Greenbush; fohn, now of Minnesota, 
Joseph, and Charles. Mr. Mullen died about twenty- 
five years ago. Mrs. Mullen is still living in this town 
on the old place. Joseph Mullen, the third son, was 
born January 6, 1856. Ha married Georgie Ellingwood, 
daughter of Nathan Ellingwood, of Greenbush. They 
now live on the old Ellingwood place. They have no 
children. Mr. Mullen has held several prominent town 
offices in this town, having been on the Town Board for 
four years, also as Superintending School Committee, 
and Assessor, Overseer of Poor, etc. 

Among the prominent men of Greenbush is Mr. H. S. 
Wheeler, son of Samuel Wheeler, of Greenfield. Samuel 
Wheeler was born in that town. He married Mary A. 
DoUiff, of Belfast. They had four children, viz: Henry 
L.; .-Mmatia A., now Mrs. A. H. Pierce, of Boston, Mass- 
achusetts ; Emma M., now Mrs. G. W. Hcward, of Mil- 
ford ; Wald, now deceased. H. L. Wheeler is the oldest 
son of this family. He was born November 24, 1S42. 
Arter receiving a common school education he entered 
the army during the civil war, serving four years. He 
settled in Olanion, Greenbush township, in 1868, where 
he has since lived. He married, in 1869, Miss Georgia 
A. Campbell, of Milford. They have no children. Mr. 
Wheeler is now postmaster, station agent, and express 
agent at Olamon, and is a live business man. 



GREENFIELD. 



GresnfielJ, althou.s;!! but fourteen miles from Bangor 
(northeast of that cit^), is in a part of the county which 
still considerably awaits development. On three sides of 
it are unorganized and as yet comparatively unimproved 
townships — on the north, Township No. i, in*Penobscot 
county; on the cast, Township 29, Hancock county; on 
the south. Township 32, in the same. On the west lie 
Millord and Greenbush. We are thus again enabled to , 
treat two neighboring towns in succession. 

GreenficlJ lies at one of the many corners which the 
county makes in the frequent angling of its boundary 
line. It is upon the lowermost of the steps of the sort j 
of "giants' staircase " which the eastern boundary of the j 
county makes in this quarter. This corner is due east of } 
the middle part of Oldtuwn. 

Greenfield is i)reity nearly an even township, according 
to the [uesent system of Government surveys. Each of 
its boundary Imes, however — which are all perfectly 
straight,- -is a little more than six miles long, those on the 
cist and west being a iritle longer than the two on 
the north and south. The town contains nearly forty 
square miles, or about twcnly-five thousand si.\ hundred 
acres. 

GrecnfieLl has no lakes or ponds, but is otherwise well 
watered. The Olamon Stream rises near the east line of 
the town, about a mile above the southeast corner, and 
flows across Greenfield, seven miles northwesterly to tne 
north boundary, beyond wliicli it passes to make a short 
arc in the next township, whence it returns into Green- 
field, making there a great curve and a small one in 
about three miles of flow, and finally going into Green- 
bush almost exactly at the west corner. 

Near its source the Olamon receives the Morison 
Brook, a respectable tributary which heads in tiie south 
part of the townships north and northeast, flows in two 
branches to a junction a mile south of the town line, and 
Ihence south and southwestward nearly four miles to the 
Olamon. Below its mouth a short distance, the stream has 
a petty tributary from the south. On the northeast two 
other affluents, flowing wholly to this town, and one of ; 
them between three and four miles long, rising near the 
north town line, and the other near the lower part of this 
tributary, are received by the Olamon. The Bear Brook 
lises in the south central part of the town, and flows 
northwestward nearly four miles to the large curve of the 
Olemon in the northwest angle of the town. In the op- 
posite or southwest angle is a section of the Halfway 
Brook, flowing from Hancock county into Milford, two 
and three-quarter miles of its course being in Greenfield. 
It receives two small affluents in this town from the east, 
one of them near the south town line, and the other, a 
366 



two-mile stream, near the west line, just above School 
No. 4. 

Greenfield has no railroad, but is accommodated by 
Milford, Costigan, and Greenbush Stations, on the Eu- 
ropean & North American Railway. Its wagon-roads are 
few as yet, the population being still somewhat sparse. 
The principal one comes in from Lowell post-oflice, 
across Township No. i, passing Greenfield in a curving 
southwesterly course of nearly five miles, and going across 
the south part of Greenbush to Costigan Station, with a 
connection in Greenbush northerly to the river-road be- 
low Olemon. In Greenfield this road passes a small 
cemetery two-thirds of a mile below the town line, school 
and store buildings about as much further, and the post- 
office a mile beyond, midway between the Olemon and 
Bear Brook crossings. About a mile below the town line 
the road sends off neighborhood trails to the ri^ht and 
lelt. A little below the post-office it receives from the 
south a highway beginning less than a mile from the 
southeast corner of the town, running westward three 
miles, past School No. 5, and then northwest and north 
for more than four miles, where it ends at the Costigan 
& Lowell road. A mile and a half above its sharp bend 
a road begins and runs westerly across Half-way Brook 
into Milford and on to Miltbrd vill.ige. School No. 4 is 
at the crossing of the brook, and a shingle-mill half a 
mile to the northwest. 

Most of tlie population of Greenfield is on the Lowell 
road, northeast of the post-office, though the northern 
half and the eastern end of its tributary road are respect- 
ably settled. 

Notwithstanding its comparative isolation, the tract 
now occupied by Greenfield began to be settled in 1812, 
the first year of the last war with Great Britain. Among 
the early comers were Jeremiah Lord, Samuel Wheeler, 
and William Costigan, from Salem ; Peter Witham, from 
Thorndike; and Miles Stern, from'Easton, The popu- 
lation is now largely JV/ii/c. As may be seen by the list 
of town officers below, they are nearly all Whites. The 
names of business men and officials of Greenfield, as 
given in the Maine Register for rS8i, are every one 
White except two — a truly remarkable fact. 

This tiact was originally Township No. 38, of the 
Bingham Purchase. Mr. E. F. Duren, of Bangor, in- 
forms the writer that it formerly belonged to Hancock 
county, and was not set off from that county to Penob- 
scot until March 15, 1858. Titles to land herein were 
originally derived from the great proprietor in Maine, 
William Bingham, of Philadelphia, or his heirs, then Mr. 
John Black, who was agent for the sale of these tracts, 

January 29, 1834, this town was incorporated by the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



3<57 



Legislature of Maine. We do not get its census reports 
until i860, when it had 359 inhabitants. In 1870 it liad 
317, and 337 in iSSo. The number of its polls in these 
years, respectively, was 78, 77, and 92. .■\mount of es- 
tates— 1860, $41,061; 1870, $52,500; 1880, $44,940. 

.'Xgricultuie so far has received comparatively little at- 
tention in this town, the people still being mostly given 
to lumbering, for wliich the streams flowing to the Pe- 
nobscot affoid fine opportunities. Not much is manu- 
factured in the town, there being at this writing only one 
shingle-machine in operation here. Two general stores 
are kept, and one hotel. 

The Olamon Dam Company was incorporated, for 
operations in Greenfield, February 18, 1875. 

The Postmaster and other officers in the town in 18S0 
were : 

Mathew C. White, Postmaster; William H. White, 
Louis H. White, Frank W. White, Selectmen; Frank W. 
White, Town Clerk; Edwin B. Madden, Treasuier; 
James White, Jonathan White, Constables; William P. 
White, School Supervisor; Hiram White, Justice. 

The oldest man now living in Greenfield, who was 
born here, is Mr. B. C. Wheeler. His fatlier, Jesse 
Wheeler, came here with his father, Samuel Wheeler, not 
far from 1800. He was a Revolutionary soldier. Jesse 
Wheeler, when he became of age, settled in the north- 
ern part of the town, near where jNIr. B. C. Wheeler now 
lives. He cleared, with his lather, the first land in this 
town. He married Harriet Cummings, of Passadum- 
keag. Her fjmily came from New Hampshire. They 
had eleven children — S.nmuel, B. C, Lucius B., George, 
Erastus, Ann, Joel, Charles, Frances, Daniel, and 
Mary. Of these five are now living — B. C, now of this 
town; Lucius B., now of Port Huron, Michigan; Joel, of 
Greenfield; Charles, now living in Clearfield, Pennsyl- 
vania; Frances, now Mrs. Marsh, of Pennsylvania, and 
Daniel, also of Pennsylvania. Mr. Wheeler died in 
1858, and Mrs. Whcfler in 1853. B. C. Wheeler, the 
second son of this family, was born September 27, 1S18. 
He has always lived on the old farm. He married Sarah 
J. White, daughter of Samuel White, of Greenfield. 
They have had nine children — Charles A., deceased; 
Harriet, deceased; Edwin R., now of Bay City, Michi- 
gan; Lucius H., deceased; Edgar R., also of Bay City, 
Michigan; Mary, deceased wife of Daniel W. White; 
Benjamin R., now at home; Samuel L., also at home; 
Hattie, now at Bay City, Michigan. Mr. \\'heeler has 
held the office of Selectman many years; has either been 
Selectman or held one of the town offices almost every 
year since becoming of age. 

Mrs. Alice L. White, of Greenfield, is the widow of 
Asa White. Her maiden name was .Alice L. \\'atson, 
daughter of Christopher and Hannah \\'atson, of St. 
John, New Brunswick. They had twelve children, 
eight of whom are now living, viz; Clarissa M., deceased; 
Asa C, Rufus H., George R., Eliza J. deceased; Chailes 
C, deceased; Hannah T., now Mrs. Joseph H. Emer- 
ton; Barilett C, Louisa M., wife of J. B. Price, of 
Greenfield; Martha C.;Nathan S., deceased, and Benjamin 
T, all of whom live in Greenfield, except those men- 



tioned above as living elsewhere. Asa Uhite was born 
in 1790 in Peterboro, New Hampshire, and came to 
Greenfield in 1828, and settled where Mr?. White now 
lives. When he came here, there were but few families 
in town. He died in 1S70. Mrs White is now eighty- 
three years old, and still lives on the old homestead. 
Mrs. Louisa Price is the wife of Judson Price. She is 
the fourth daughter of this family. They have no chil- 
dren, and live on the old place with Mrs. White. 

R. H. White, of Gretnfield, is the son of Asa and 
Alice White, whose sketch appears as above. Mr. White 
was born September 27, 1840, and married Mary E. 
White, d.iughter of Asa and Nancy White, of Greenfield. 
They have one daughter living, Mrs. Emma Richardson, 
of Greenbush. They have lost one daughter, who died 
in infancy. Mr. AVhite lives in the northern part of 
Greenfield. He owns a farm of seventeen acres, and 
follows the business of lumbering principally. 

William Pierce is the son of Nathan Pierce, who came 
here from the town of Montville, \Valdo county, in 1829. 
He married Betsey Blake, of Burksville. They had 
twelve children, all of whom are now deceased, except 
four: John M., of Greenfield; .Sarah, now Mrs. Anise, 
of Greenfield; William, the subject of this sketch, and 
Betsey A., now Mrs. Johnston, of Bangor. The names 
of the deceased were Mary, wife of George .Avery, of 
Greenfield; Nathan, who died in Augusta; George, 
.\ugustus J., Samuel, Ephraim, who died in Oldtown, and 

! two that died in infancy. \Villiain Pierce is the fifth son 
of this family. He was born .April 29, 1823. He 
married Hannah H. Mayo, daughter of .Allen Mavo, of 
Milo, Piscataquis county. They have had ten children, 
all of whom are now livmg, which is a remarkable fact. 
Their names are Francis H., of Milo; Charles; W.lliam, 
of Milo; Isaiah, of Greenfield; Augustus J., of Greenfield; 
Abbie J., now Mrs. Blaisdell, of Lynn, Massachusetts ; 
Harriet E., now Mrs. A. F. White, of Minneapolis, Minne- 
sota; Clara B., of this town; Henrietta, now at home; Nel- 
lie, also at home, and Flossie. Addie, a niece, now two 
years old, is being brought u\> by Mr. and Mrs. Pierce, and 
is considered as one of the family, her mother having died 
when she was an infant. Mr. Pierce began on his present 
place thirty-five years ago, when he felled the first trees on 
his farm of one hundred and eighty acres. He has 
served his town as Constable and Selectman, though he 
has no taste for public life, and prefers to let those have 
the offices who like them. 

William Henry Littlefield is a son of John Littlefield, 
of Waldo county. The fltther of John was Samuel. 
John Littlefield married Mary White, daig'iter of Charles 
and Clarissa White, of Belmont. They h.id three chil- 

; dren: Charles, now of Augusta, Maine; Denj.imin, of 
Vassalboro, and William. Mr. and Mrs. Liiilcfield are 
still living in No. i Plantation. .Mrs. Littlefield was 
born in Greenfield February 14, 1S33. He married 

, Helen A. Avery, daughter of Jeremiah and Betsey .Avery, 

j of Greenfield. Jeremiah and Betsey Avery had twelve 
children — six boys and six girls: Winslow, now of Green- 
field; Benjamin, now deceased; Olive, also deceased; 
Jeremiah, of Greenfield; Esther, now Mrs. Joseph 



368 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



Reeves, of Bradford; Helen A.; Belinda A. deceased; 
Caroline M., now Mrs. Thomas Eenner, of Rockland; 
Rufus, now deceased; Olive, now Mrs. William Monroe, 
of Argyle ; Horace, of Milford, and Willie, deceased. 
Mr. and Mrs. Litilefield have had nine children, seven of 
whom are now living, viz: Henry and Waldo, deceased; 



Willie L., Clara M., Cretia, Blanche, Hattie, Chesley, 
Olive A. Mr. Littlefield lives in the eastern part of 
Greenfield. He is engaged in lumbering and farming. 
Mr. Littlefield has served as Selectman and Collector of 
his town several years. 



HAMPDEN. 



DESCRIPTION. 

This is, perhai)s, the most famous of the old towns of 
the county — famous by reason of its antiquity, its favor- 
able situation upon the Penobscot, and the stirring events 
which occurred within it during the last war with Great 
Britain. It lies in the extreme south range of the co.unty, 
west of and adjacent to the river, beyond which lie Or- 
rington and a small part of Brewer. On the north are 
Bangor and Hermon; on the south, Winterport, in Waldo 
county; and on the west, Newburg. No one of the 
boundary lines is unbroken. The north, south, and 
west boundaries are right lines, but each is slightly broken 
by some defect in the surveys or other circumstance. 
The town at its northernmost part is eight and three- 
fourth miles wide; but the north line, beginning in the 
Penobscot River, runs a little more than half a mile north- 
west, thence westward six and one-half miles to the inlet 
from Stetson into Hermon Pond. Here the town pro- 
jects a kind of cape into Hermon Pond, and between its 
inlet and outlet, of one mile depth and one and one-half 
in greatest breadth. Returning pretty nearly to the paral- 
lel forming the rest of the north line, the boundary runs 
about half a mile further to the northwest corner of the 
town. It is thus extended to a total length of neaily 
eleven miles. The west line of the town is slightly broken, 
making a very obtuse angle, and not sensibly lengthening 
the boundary, one and one-fourth miles north of the 
southwest corner. The south limit has also a break, and 
a very singular one, beginning one and one-fourth miles 
from the river, where the line breaks sharply to the south- 
ward, forming a right angle, but running south only one- 
fourth of a mile, thence east one and one-third miles, and 
back only one-eighth of a mile, or to a point a little south 
of the original line, whence it makes straight to the south- 
west corner. The south line is thus lengthened, but only 
by about three-eighths of a mile. For a tract confined 
mostly within right lines, it is the most singularly bounded 
town in the county. 

The Penobscot, in a broad and noble stream, without 



islands on this part, flows for a little more than six miles 
along the east front of Hampden, having landings at 
Hampden Corners and a number of other points. The 
interior of the town is also remarkably well watered. The 
superb sheet known as Hermon Pond, as we have noted, 
lies around a cape of the town at the northwestward. Its 
western inlet flows less than one mile from Patten Pond, 
which stretches southwestward only half a mile's length, 
ending at the west line of the town, about as far from the 
northwest corner. Stetson Pond also lies wholly in this 
town, about as far south of Hermon Pond as Patten, and 
near the north line. It is a roundish sheet, only half a mile 
in greatest diameters. The outlet of all these waters forms 
the lower section of the Sowadabscook Stream, a large 
and important brook, affording much water-power on its 
way to the Penobscot. (The Indian word rendered 
Sowadabscook was more e.xactly "Soadapscoo.") From 
the northeast part of Stetson Pond it flows nearly in the 
same direction to the town line, which it just crosses, and 
then returns into Hampden and passes with a winding, 
generally southeast course to the river at Hampden post- 
office. Its total length is five and one-half miles. Its 
mouth is spacious enough to afford, to some extent, har- 
borage for vessels. 

Into Stetson Pond flows the west branch of the Sow- 
adabscook, which rises in the southwest corner of Hamp- 
den, and runs with an exceedingly devious but generally 
north course of more than seven miles in all, to Stetson 
Pond, \^'hen about two miles from its mouth it takes in 
from the southwest a tributary of some size, which has 
two headwaters in Newburg and the southwest part 
of Hampden. In this angle also rises one of the brooks 
that flow out into Newburg. The West Branch also re- 
ceives a small tributary at School No. 13, from the east- 
ward, another from the south half a mile below, and a very 
small one from the northwest a mile from its mouth, a 
little east of which the pond has a petty affluent. The 
Sowadabscook welcomes from the south two sinall trib- 
utaries, and from the north as many, the principal of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



369 



which he.ids in Hernion. The Penobscot has liere on 
'its west b.ink some half-dozen small affluents, the princi- 
pal of whicii come in at Hampden Corners and nearly 
two miles'below. 

This town is the best supplied with post-offices of any 
in the county. O.i ths rivjr-road, beginning with East 
Hampden i)Ostofiice at the northeast corner, are Hamp- 
den post-office, two and one-half miles below, and 
Hampden Corner-;, only about a mile fuither. In the 
interior are West Hampden post-office, near Stetson 
Pond, also the Neally's Corners and Hampden Centre 
offices. Tlic settlement along the river-road, which 
runs over si.x miles in this town, may be regarded as 
practically one continuous village, so dense and |)opulous 
is it, ])articularly below Hampden Corners. Many of 
the residences on this road occupy exceedingly bcauiiTul 
and commanding sites, overlooking the river valley. 

From the river, or the river road near it, roads branch 
off as follow: From Hampden jiost-officc, highways to 
the northwestward and north of west, the former run- 
ning into Hanijjden, and the latter through West Hamp- 
den to and beyond the northwest coiner of ihe town; 
from Hampden Corners, and west and southwest load 
into New burg, which is crossed, with a little jog, by a 
north and south road at a dense settlement about School 
No. 9; and from a point a little more than a mile below 
'the Corners, near School No. 5, a westerly road which 
ends two miles out, above School No. 14. These, -with 
•a number of connecting and cross-roads, sufficiently sup- 
'ply the needs of the town. There is no north and south 
I road completely intersecting it, except the highway along 
I the fiver. 

I Hampden has yet no railway, although the line of the 
I Maine Central comes very near it below Bangor, and the 
'route of the Penobscot Bay and River Railroad, foUow- 
'ing the west bank, has been surveyed through it. 
I The surface of this town is somewhat rolling, but not 
'so much broken as to interfere with agricultural opera- 
tions. It is accounted a good farming, as well as manu- 
|facturing town. On the Sowadabscook, two milts from 
I its mouth, occurs a total fall of one hundred and twenty 
feet, at which are a number of valuable mill privileges. 
'Two paper-mills and a grist-mill have been located here. 
There is a steam-mill at East Hampden. The town has 
also one carding mill, one manufacturer of putiips and 
blocks, two cooperage firms, five wheelwrights, one car- 
riage-maker, two boat-builders, and one door, sash, and 
I blind establishment. 

I BENJAMIN' WHEELER 

'enjoys the honor of being the first settler in Hampden. 
' This tract, lying so far down the river, naturally received 
'some of the first settlements made u|) the Penobscot 
' Valley ; and one authority places the coming of Mr. 
I Wheeler as early as 1767. Another, and perhaps more 
■ correct statement, given by the historian Williamson, 
' fixes the year of his coming as 1772. He was an im- 
' migrant from Durham, New Hampshire, and settled near 
' the mouth of the Sowadabscook, where now is the 
' principal village in the town. He was a carpenter, and 
soon had a sufficient house and outbuildings put up for 
47 



himself, which he followed by the erection of mills 
upon "the Basin," in this vicinit)-. From him the settle- 
ment took its primitive name of Whcelersborough; and 
when the town of Frankfort, now in Waldo county, was 
created in 1789, it was made to extend ''from Belfast to 
Wheeler's Mills.' 

THE PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT 

was for years \ery slow. A number of early settlers came 
from Cape Cod, with a view to permanent settlement. 
They txjierienced some annoyance and fear from the 
threats and menaces of the Indians; but were not driven 
away until after they were distuibcd by the movements of 
the British up the river, following the defeat of Salton- 
stall and Lovellat the Casiinc puiinsula, and abandoned 
their homes and fled with our soldiers and sailors through 
the wilderness to the Kennebec, and thence to Woolwich 
and Falmouth. Most of them returned in 1783, after she 
l)eace between the United Colonies and the mother coun- 
try. Thosewho made their settlement here goo J by theist 
of January, 1784, were af;erwards confirmed in their titles 
by Massachusetts, upon pnyment of the nominal sum of 
six dollars. If they came afterwards, and settled at any 
time before January 1, 1 794, they received their allot- 
ments of one hundred acres for fifty dollars. This was 
under an arrangement proclaimed when the township was 
finally surveyed and allotted in 1796, by Ephraim Bal'ard, 
under' authority from the State, in tracts of one hundred 
acies to each actual inhabitant. .Afierall allotments had 
been made, the remainder of the teiritory of Ham] den 
was assigned, on the 5ih of February, 1800, to the 
proprietors of the Waldo Patent, to eke out the defi- 
ciency in their grant of thirty miles square, which had 
been caused by a resurvey in 1798 restoring several 
townships belonging to the Plymouth Patent. The 
townships now covered by Bai-gor, Ncwburg, and Her- 
mon, excepting the settler^' lots, were also included in 
the same assignment. Previous to the survey and allot- 
ment, the residents here weic very much in the situation 
of "squatters," as many of the early settlers on Western 
lands are called. 

The following notice of some of the more prominent 
of the early settlers is taken from Coolidge & Mansfield's 
History and Description of New England, published in 
1859: 

Gener.nl J olin Crosliy was one ot tlic early settlers. He came from 
Woolwicli about 1775. and commenced ,'.s a farmer, en ilie estate now 
occiii>ied by Ivory Frost. He afterwards entered 1 irgely into commer- 
cial business, and carried on an e.stensive trade both wiih Europe .ind 
the ICasl Indies. He died May 25, 1843. at llie advanced ageof eighty- 
six. 

.Another prominent man among the early settlers was General Gabriel 

Johonot, a Frenchman by b rth. and a brave and distinguished officer 

in the .■\merican army during the Revolution. He was a friend and 

correspondent of General Washington ; and. during a long and active 

' life, exerted a great intluenee in the afiaiis of the town. 

I-len Martin Kinslev. General |edediah Heriick, Fnoch Brown, and 
John Godfrey were early and prominent citizens of the town. 

Hon. Hannilwl Hamhn, now a Senator in Congress from this State, 
' setiled here as a lawyer about 1832. 

It mav be added concerning Mr. Kinsley that he wa 
I the first Representative from Hampden to the General 
Court of Massachusetts, where he sat as a member in 
1802. He was afterwards a member of the Senate, and 



57° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



then of the Council of Massachusetts; was a Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas in 1816-18, a member of 
Congress in 1819-20, and Judge of Probate of the 
county in 1822-23. 

. The first piano in the Penobscot Valley was brought 
By General Crosby, about the year 1800. It is still in 
existence, in the possession of Mrs. Elias Dudley, of 
Hampden. 

MUNICIPAL 0RG.\N1ZATI0X. 

Two years before the survey and allotment above 
mentioned, the town of Hampden had been incorpor- 
porated. For some years before that the people had 
.been under local government. The plantation name of 
the town, as already suggested, was Wheelersborough. All 
that part of it below the mouth of the Sowadabscook, or 
"Wheeler's Mills," had been included in the town of 
Frankfort, when that was created June 25, 17S9, and 
made to include the present Frankfort, with Prospect and 
the greater part of Hampden. It reached as far south as 
Belfast, and up the river to Wheeler's. By 1790 this 
large tract contained Sgi inhabitants, and four years later 
the necessity for a division became imperative. On the 
same day, February 24, 1794, Prospect was set off from 
the south part of Frankfort, and the north part, above 
the upper line of the AValdo Patent, was. united with 
nearly as much territory still further to the northward, 
and created a new town under the name of Hampden. 
It was the eighty-seventh town incorporated in what is 
now the State of Maine, and the third in the present 
limits of Penobscot county, Orrington and Bangor alone 
having preceded it. 

JOHN HAMPDEN. 

This town bears the most distinguished name of 
any in the county. At the first glance, it would be 
said that Lincoln is an exception ; but that was not 
named from the martyred President. Some ardent ad- 
mirer of the character and deeds of the great English 
patriot of the era of the Rebellion which dethroned 
Charles I. had the good taste to secure the family name 
of John Hampden for the designation of the new town 
in the valley of the Penobscot. The "Great Commoner" 
was born in London in 1594, oldest son of William 
Hampden and Elizabeth Cromwell, whose nephew Oliver 
Cromwell was. He was educated at Oxford, became a 
law student at the Inner Temple, and early attained pro- 
fessional and literary renown. In 1625, when less than 
thirty years old, he was sent to Parliament from Wen- 
dover, and again in 1626, when that body denied to the 
King the right to levy tonnage and poundage dues with- 
out their consent. Charles presently resorted to the ex- 
pedient of forced loans, which Hampden, with many 
others, refused to pay, and was imprisoned, but shortly 
restored to liberty. In 1636 he declined to pay the few 
shillings of "ship money" demanded of him, as the de- 
mand, he held, was an exercise of despotism. Perse- 
cuted and prosecuted for the refusal, he prejjared to 
emigrate to America, with his cousin Cromwell, who 
afterwards became Protector. They were prevented by 
the Government, however; and in 1640 Hampden be- 
came a meriiber of the famous Long Parliament, in which 



he became leader of the opposition to the Crown and tk 
most popular man in the kingdom. When the civil wai 
broke out soon after, he took a commission as colonel in 
the Parliamentary army and raised a regiment in his own 
county of Bucks, which had for its motto the excellent 
words, "-Vestigia nulla retrorstnn" --^0 footsteps back 
ward. He passed safely through the battle of Edgehill 
and several minor actions, as well as tremendous labors 
upon the Committee of Public Safety and otherwise; but 
in June, 1643, in a skirmish with a party of Prince 
Rupert's men, he received a shot in the shoulder, from 
the effects of which he died in a few days. 

Hampden was one of the very purest and strongest 
men of his time. His youth was free from vice, and his 
later life developed no vulnerable point in his character. 
Clarendon, author of a History of the Rebellion, was 
politically opposed to Hampden, and yet pays him the 
following tribute in his great work: 

He was indeed a very wise man. and possessed with the most abso- 
lute spirit of popularity, and the most absolute faculties to govern the 
people, of any man I ever knew. . . . His reputation of 
honesty was universal. . . . The eyes of all men were 
ti.\ed upon him as their patrite pater, and tlie pilot that must steer the 
vessel through the tempests that threatened it. 

Hampden's hojie. 
The father 0/ John Hampden was known as "William 
Hampden of Hampden." This indicates that Hamp- 
den was already a geographical name among English- 
speaking people. There are, in fact, a "Great Hamp- 
den" and "Little Hampden" in England — both in 
Bucks county, in the south of the island, near London, 
and a part of the ancient Mercia of the Roman period. 
It was in the former that the ancestral seat of the Hamp- 
dens stood. The county gave to them the exalted title 
of earl, which John Hampden never assumed, although 
at an early age he inherited the ample estate of his an- 
cestors, including their stately mansion. It is still in 
existence, and the following beautiful sketch of it and the 
surroundings, taken from Green's recent History of the 
English People, will also be read here with interest in its 
association with the fine Penobscot town which may 
quite worthily be com]iared with them. Says Mr. Green 
in his third volume: 

With the dissolution of tills Parliament l^ampden again withdrew lo 
his home, the home that, however disguised by tasteless changes with- 
out, still stands unaltered within on a rise of the Chilterns, its Eliza- 
bethan hall girt round witli galleries and stately staircases winding up 
beneath shadowy portraits in ruffs and farthingales, .ground are the 
quiet undulations of the chalk counrry, billowy heavings and sinkingsas 
of some primeval sea suddenly hushed into niotionlessness, soft slopes 
of gray grass or brown-red corn falling gently to dry bottoms, woodland 
flimg here and there in masses over the hills. A country of tine and 
lucid air, of far shadowy distances, of hollows tenderly veiled by niist. 
graceful everywhere with a flowing, unaccentuated grace, as though 
Hampden's own temper had grown out of it. As we look on it, we 
recall the " flowing courtesy to all men,"" the "seeming humility and 
submission of judgment, "" the " rare affability and lemjjer in debate," 
that woke admiration and regard even in the fiercest of liis opponents. 

Sl'ATlSTICS OF GROWIH. 

The population of this town was not separately enu- 
merated in 1790, as it had not yet been incorporated. It 
was probably included with that of Frankfort, or possibly 
was counted among the " adjacent places" with Bangor 
as having altogether 567 people. In 1800 it had apopu- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



37( 



ilation of 904, and now handsomely led Bangor in this 
iparticular, the latter having but 786. The supremacy of 
population, as well as business, was maintained for many 
years. In 1810 Hampden had 1,279 people, or 429 
more than Bangor. In 1820, again, it led its now popu- 
lous sister by 257, having then 1,478 within its borders; 
and it was not overtaken and passed by Bangor until 
long after that. In 1840 it had a population of 2,663; 
in 1850, 3,195; in i860, 3,085; in 1870, 3,068; in 1880, 
2,911. It has thus pretty nearly kept tune to the old 
motto of its ])atriotic namesake, "No footsteps back- 
ward. " 

Hampden had 288 polls in 1812, with a valuation of 
17,573.59, and a tax of $1.15 on the $100. In 1820 it 
had 341 voters, and estates officially valued at $107,593. 
Forty years later its polls numbered 651 ; in 1870, 674; 
m 1880, 731. The voters, it thus appears, have been 
constantly increasing in number. 

i The estates for these years, respectively, were $587,- 
lyiS. $739,339. and $676,017. 

i The valuation of this town in 1801, when Hampden 
was in Hancock county, and Hancock county was in 
Massachusetts, is given as follows in a curious old official 
record in the possession of the Bangor Historical Soci- 
ety: 

Polls, 200; III dwellings, at 24 shillings; 5 shops, at 
ji8; I tannery, 36; 1 potash factory, 36; 8 ware- 
houses, 30; 2 grist-mills, 60; i saw-mill, $15; i other 
mill, 36 shillings; 72 barns, 15; vessels^ 319 tons; in 
trade, $5,800; cash, $1,200; tillage, 294 acres, at 90 
cents; upland mowing land, 906 acres, $1.20; pasture, 
■327 acres, 3 shillings ; woodland, 17,601 acres, 9 shil- 
,iings; unimprovable, 146 acres; flowed by water, 1,182 
iacres; horses, 62; oxen, 115; cows, 274; swine, 182. 

ha.mpden's w.\r record. 

I The first taste which the good people of the infant set- 
tlement in this town had of real war was about the mid- 
dle of August, 1779, after the disgraceful abandonment 

iby the American fleet of its position before Fort George, 
at 'Biguyduce. on the Castine peninsula, and its escape 

I up the river. When it was found that the vessels could 
not be saved from pursuit and destruction by the enemy, 
the patriots themselves began to destroy them. A 
number of them, as we have seen in the history of Brew'er, 
were burned at Bangor; and the Vengeance, a vessel of 
twenty-four guns, and the General Putnam, mounting 

I iwenty-two guns, were similarly destroyed by their crews 

'in the river opposite Hampden. It is an mteresting fact 
that one of the ships of the fleet was itself named Hanip- 

. den, carrying twenty guns. It was overtaken by the 

I enemy in Marsh Bay, and surrendered to them. 

I In 1814, during the last war with Great Britain, this 
town was the scene of a sudden gathering of the local 
militia and volunteers, to repel the British fleet, which 
was reported ascending the Penobscot River, to capture 
the United States corvette Adams, which was lying at the 
wharf, with two valuable merchant vessels at anchor in 

^ the river. Brigadier-General Blake, of Brewer, was in 
command of the forces. Captain Morris, who had formed 



two batteries upon Crosby's wharf, on perceiving the ap- 
proach of the fleet, preceded by barges full of soldiers, 
opened fire upon them for about half an hour; when, 
seeing that the militia on the hill were rapidly retreating, 
as appeared afterward without orders, and that they 
could not be rallied to his support, and knowing that in 
a very short time he would be outflanked by the enemy, 
he spiked his guns, set fire to the Adams and the store- 
houses, and retreated with his brave companions to Ban- 
gor, and thence through the woods to the Kennebec. 
The vessels and the village were soon within the power 
of the enemy; the people were maltreated, their houses 
and stores pillaged and burned, and their cattle killed. 

A fuller account of this affair, with the subsequent 
movements of the British liere and at Bangor, is com- 
prised in the Military Record, in the first division of this 
book, where also will be found a list of the militia en- 
gaged from this county. 

The corvette Adams, it seems, had proved a serious 
scourge to the enemy. She was rated as an eighteen-gun 
vessel, but really carried twenty-four guns. Leaving Sa- 
vannah the preceding May, for a cruise, she had within 
three months captured two brigs, a ship, and a schooner. 
Her good fortune seemed to desert her, however, on en- 
tering Penobscot Bay the latter part of July. It was 
thick weat^ner, and the corvette struck upon a rock, where 
she remained for some time, finally getting afloat and 
making her way up the river to Hampden with a great 
deal of difficulty, and arriving there August ist, with 
several feet of water in the hold and a number of the 
crew disabled by scurvy. Here she was repairing and 
refitting when the British came up on the 14th of that 
month. 

The names of the men of Hampden who served in 
the late civil war are also contained in our Military 
Chapter, in the rosters of their several companies and 
regiments. They make a long and honorable roll. We 
may properly add here some notices of the more promi- 
nent soldiers from Hampden, as found in the War Re- 
ports of General Hodsdon, Adjutant-General of the 
State : 

Capt.'MN Ezekiel R. M.wo was mustered into the U. 
S. service as First Lieutenant in the Third Maine 
Battery, at its original organization, December 11, 1861, 
and remained with it in the State until AynW i, 1862, 
when the Maine batteries were ordered to Washington. 
On their arrival, instead of being mounted, as had been 
anticipated, the Third Battery was assigned, to special 
duty as pontoon engineers, and attached to the Depart- 
ment of the Rappahannock, under General McDowell. 
On reaching Fredericksburg, April 29th, the battery was 
immediately employed in bridging the Rappahannock 
for the passage of General McDowell's troops for his ex- 
pected movement on Richmond. 

About the 20th of May, Lieutenant Mayo was placed 
in command of a detachment of fifty mounted men of 
his battery, armed with four twelve-pound howitzers, and 
assigned to General George D. Bayard's cavalry brigade, 
which he joined May 27th, while on the march from 
Falmouth to Front Royal. At the latter place, the 



372 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



brigade was ordered to the assistance of General Fre- 
mont, and on June 2d crossed the nortli branch of the 
Shenandoah, joined General Fremont at Strasburg, and 
participated in the pursuit of Stonewall Jackson up the 
valley. Returning from tlie valley, he rejoined (General 
McDowell's corjis at Manassas Junction, but upon the 
consolidation of the forces in Northern Virginia he was 
directed to turn in the howitzeis and report wiih his de- 
tachment to Captain Swctt, who was still on pontoon 
service with a large portion of the 'i"hird Battery. 

On the io;h of September the pontoon bridge was 
transferred to tlic engineer brigade, and the Third Bat- 
tery assigned to duty in ilie defenses of Washington, 
Lieutenant Mayo serving there in different capacities un- 
til January iS, .'864. 

Maich 28, 1S63, the 'ihird Battery was attached to the 
First Maine Heavy Artillery, and becatiie Company M 
of that riginitnt, but did not join for duty until the loth 
of June following. Meanwhile, Captain Swett being dis- 
charged. Lieutenant Mnyo assumed command of the 
company. O.i the 15th of Jime he was promoted to be 
Captain, and was mustered in as such in the Heavy Ar- 
tillery, with which regiment he served until Lmuary 18, 
1S64, wlieti he was ordered to report at Augusta, Maine, 
with his company for furlough and reorganization, three- 
fourths of the men having re-enlisted as veterans. While 
there, in Febiuary, he received orders from Washington 
detaching his company from the Heavy Artilkry and di- 
recting him to rejiort at Camp B.ury, District of Co- 
lumbia, to be equipped as a mounted battery, according 
to the original design. Captain Mayo reported ^L^rch 
29tli, and remained in camp of instruction until July sth, 
when he embarked with his battery for City Point, Vir- 
ginia, with orders to report to the Army of the Potomac 
for duty, where it was assigned to the Ninth Army 
Corps under General Burnside. On joining that 
corps before Petersburg, July 9th, the battery was at once 
ordered into position before the enemy's lines, near the 
Norfolk Railroad, and occupied vaiious positions on 
those lines until October 25, 1S64, being almost daily 
engaged with the enemy — the principal action being that 
of July 30th, known as the Petersburg Mine. 

On October 25th, Captain Mayo was further ordered 
to the defenses of City Point, and placed in command 
of the reserve artillery brigade. Army of the Potomac, 
comprising five light battel ies.t lie reserve am munition and 
supply train, and one company of New York heavy artillery. 
H.' held that command un'il April 5. 18C5, when there- 
serve artillery was increased to a command of several 
brigades, under General WiUiam Hayes, Captain .Mayo 
being in the First Brigade, until about the 1st of June, 
when the several volunteer batteries in the Army of the 
Potomac were ordered to their respective States to be 
mustered out of service. Captain Mayo, returning with 
his own to Maine, was discharged at Augusta, June 17, 
1S65. 

Captain Henry Crosby. — At the time of his entering 
the army, Mr. Crosby was part owner and su])erintendent 
of a |)aper mill in Hampden, the |)lace of his birth. 
From the comniencetnent he took a strong interest in 



everything pertaining to the war, and his first impulse 
was to enlist among the foremost men who entered the 
service. But being at that time prevented by private | 
duties of paramount importance, he gave his immediate 
attention to aid in raising the quotas of his town. When, 
however, in 1S62, the call for troops for nine months J 
was made, he obtained the necessary recruitmg papers, ^ 
and in a few days enlisted the town's quota of about 
sixty men, who with others from neighboring towns were 
organized a company, of which he was unanimously 
elected captain. This company being the first organized 
to leport at the muster-in of the Twenty-second regiment 
at Bangor, became company A. 

From the time he was mustered in at Bangor until his 
death before Port Hudson, he remained with his com- 
pany; his biief career in the army is therefore comprised 
in the histoiy of ihe Twenty-second Regiment. Though 
not favored by the fortunes of war uith many opportuni- 
ties for the display of courage and bravery in battle, there 
were not wanting daily opportunities for the exhibition 
of virtues perhaps more rare. Accejiting the command 
of his company as a position imposing responsibilities 
rather than as conferring priviU'ges, he considered it to 
be his duty to relieve his men as far as possible of the 
hardships and [)rivations incident to c.:mp lite. 

Captain Crosby was struck by a nuisket ball in the 
side early on the morning of Juno 11, 1863, while lead- 
ing his company in a reconnoissance before Port Hud- 
son. He lived until the next morning, and dying, left ■ 
as a legacy to his mourning comrades his last words: "It 
is a glorious cause to die for." Dr. Lincoln, chaplain of 
the regiment, in writing of the deceased to the Bangor 
Whig, ])aid a well-merited tribute of respect to his mem- 
ory, when he said: "In the death of Captain Crosby 
we lost one of our best officers and one of the noblest of 
men. He was frank, large-hearted, and true. He was 
like a father in iiis company and universally beloved. 
He had won the confidence of his superiors as a military 
man, and only the day before he was wounded General 
Banks had offered him the cominand of a colored regi- 
ment. But he had borne his part and his work was 
done. Brave and faithl'ul to the last, he fell at the head 
of his company leading forward his men." 

His remains were entombed in New Orleans to be 
brought hoine for their final resting place in his native 
town. 

The following named appear on the Roll of Honor of 
Bowdoin College, as published in the same Reports: 

Class of 1857. — Charles Hamlin was born in Hamp- 
den in September, 1837; ivas Major of the Eighteenth 
Maine, which was re-organized into the First Heavy Ar- 
tillery, rank bearing date July, 1S62; was appointed As- 
sistant Adjutant-General United States Volunteers on the 
staff of Major General Berry, Third Army Corps; was As- 
sistant Inspector of Artillery; was Lieutenant Colonel by 
brevet, and brevetted Brigadier-General ; was commended 
by M.ajor-General Hum|)hreys for services at Gettysburg. 

Class of i860. — EzekielR. Mayo, previously noticed. 

Class of 1S62. — George E. Brown was born in Hamp- 
den in November, 1S41 ; was mustered in Sergeant of the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



373 



Twenty-second Mnine in October, 1862; was promoted ] 
i First Lieutenant; served on tlie Mississippi in General 
Grovcr's Division; at Port Hudson lie, with Captain 
Case (class of 1S48), vohmtecrcil with five men from the 
ircgiment to form a storming jiarty. 

Class of 1S63. — Arthur B. Arey was born in Hamp- 
den in May, 1840; did not prosecute his college course; 
United States Navy. 

Class of 1867. — Melvin F. Arey was born in Hamp- 
den in January, 1844; was admitted, and after a year's 
iservice returned and ftll back a year in his course; mus- 
tered into United States service in October, 1862, 
Twenty-second Maine; private and then corporal. 

RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL. 

The first church building in Hampden is said to have 

been erected m 1796, and fur thirty years it was the only 
'one in the town. It survived as one of the relics of early 
'limes, and for many years has been used as a Town Hal'. 
' The Congregational Church here dates from May 6, 

1817. In 1821 it numbered about thirly members. It 

is now ministered unto by the Rev. C. D. Crane. 

The Calvinistic Baptist Church was founded in Hamp- 
' den long before this — as early as iSog. The Rev. O.is 

Briggs, a graduate of Brown University, was its pastor for 

eight years. He was the first Baptist preacher to be set- 
' tied in Bangor, where he remained two years. The 

Hampden chuich had thirty-six members in 1821. 

Elder Ephraim Drew is now the pastor of the Baptist 

church at West Hampden. 

There are also two Methodist Episcopal churches in 

the town — one at Hampden Corner, in charge (1881) of 
■ Rev. A. S. Townsend; the other at West Hampden, un- 
I der Rev. L. A. Gould. 

I The Academy in Hami)dcn was incorporated on the 
' 7th of March, 1803. It was the first of the higher schools 

in the Valley, and has had a long, honorable, and highly 
' useful career. 

BUSINESS. 

Besides the manufacturing enterprises mentioned in 
the preceding part of this sketch, it ni.Ty be mentioned 

I that shipbuilding was for many years one of the indus- 
tries of the Penobscot shore in this town. lit April, 
1861, the schooner Dahlia, 126 tons, was built 
here; also, in November, 1866, the schooner \\\nrd J. 
Parks, 240 tons, new measurement. From time to 
time other vessels have been launched from the Hamp- 
den shipyard. 

I There are also in the town about thirty general stores 
and merchants in various lines of operation; two resi- 
dent physicians and one lawyer, one civil engineer, one 
steamboat agent, one hotel (the Penobscot House), and 
one livery stable in connection, one insurance agent, 
four bLicksmiths and one shipsmith, one rigger, four 
calkers, two dock repairers, one saw-filer, three butchers, 

! four carpenters and builders, one dressmaker, two hair- 
workers, two painters, one paper-hanger, one stone-cutter, 
and three masons. 

MINING CO.MPANIES. 

At least two of these have been organized for opera- 



tions in Hampden — the Norombega Silver Mining Com- 
jiany, and the Consolidated Hampden Silver Company. 
Both were organized in Bangor, and are officered there. 
.Mr. J. S. Ricker is President of the former, E. H. Dakin 
Secretary, and William H. Darling Superintendent. Of 
the latter e.\-.Ma\ or F.M. Laughton is President, C. F. 
Bragg Secretary, and Charles Dunton Superintendent. 

SOCIETIES. 

The Free Masons have a lodge in Hampden, the 
"Mystic," meeting on the third Saturd.iy of each month. 
']'he Hampden Lodge of the Independent Order of 
Good Templars, and the Eastern Star Grange, No. i, of 
the Patrons of Husbandry — one of the earliest formed 
in the State — are ihe reniair.ing societies of the town. 
'I'he Hampden Band might be added, which has Mr. 
George E. Reed tor leader. 

PUBLIC OFFICERS IN iSSo. 

The postmasters of the town are as follow: A. C. 
Wing; East, T. Cary; West, I. C. York; Neally's Corner, 
Thomas J. Knowles; Corner, Benjamin F. Smiih; Center, 
Alonzo 'I'aylor. 

B. B. Thoma':, R. W. Murch, .\. H. Loud, Selectmen; 

B. B. Thomas, lown Clerk; Lewis Robinson, 'I'reasurcr; 
Lewis Robinson, Collector; S. Phipps, I. N. Mayo, II. 

C. Mayo, Oliver LiiilefielJ, Constables; H. W. Mayo, L. 
A. Gould, George E. Keyes, School Committee; J. G. 
Patten, H. L. Hopkins A. K. Walker, E. H. Barrett, 
John Leary, Jr., Ruius Jones, Henry \V. Mayo, Benja- 
min B. 'I'hunias, Wilbur Sawyer, Joseph W. Higgins, 
S.imuel Phipps, John Dudley, James H. Stewart, Trial 
Justices. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

D.iniel Crosby, of Hampden, is a son of John Cros- 
by, who was born in Hampden. His grandflither was 
also named John, and was one of the early settlers of 
Hampden. He came from Woolwich, Maine, about 
1795. He was President of a bank in Bucksport, and 
engaged in importing goods from Europe and the East 
Indies. He was a man of prominence during his life. 
His son, John Crosby, Jr., married Ann K. Stetson. 
The Stetson family was one of the early families here. 
Their history appears in this work. John Crosby, Jr., 
was a manul'acturer of lumber and was engaged for many 
years here in trade. He built vessels and was an im- 
porter of West India goods.'"'' He did not engage in 
public life, but acquired a competency in legitimate bus- 
iness. He died in i86j at the age of seventy-seven. 
He had nine children, viz : Charles S., deceased, was 
County .'Vttorney of this county; John, now in Min- 
nesota, in the business of flour manufacture; Elizabeth 
K.; Henry, deceased (Captain of Company A, Twenty- 
second Maine Volunteers, killed at Port Hudson); 
Daniel; .\nn K., wife of L. A. Emery, of Ellsworth, 
^^^ine; Sarah D., unmarried; Simeon S., deceased; and 
iNLaria B., widow of the late Abrani Hammatt. Daniel 
Crosby, the fourth son of this family, is a graduate of 
Bowdoin College class of 1855. After completing his 

*.Also se-nior pinner of tlie paper manufacturing firms of Crosby, 
IioU& Co. and J. & C. Ciosby. 



374 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



college course he studied law and was admitted to the 
Penobscot Bar, but soon after removed to Missouri. He 
remained in Missouri three years, engaged in teaching 
and publishing a paper. During the war, in 1862, he re- 
turned to Hampden, Maine, and bought an interest in 
the paper-mill here in addition to- that held by his father. 
The firm names of the two mills are Crosby, Holt & Co., 
and J. and B. Crosby & Co. Here he has since lived. 
These mills have a capacity of five thousand pounds per 
day of book and news paper. Mr. Crosby is not 
married. 

Colonel .Vraasa K. Walker, of Hampden, is a son of 
Aaron Walker and Betsey Knowles Walker. His grand- 
father's name was Eleazer Walker, who was a native of 
England and came over in the Mayflower. Aaron and 
Betsey \\'alker had eleven children, of whom Amasa K. 
is the oldest son that lived to grow up, and the ne.xt to 
the youngest child. Aaron Walker came to Hampden 
in 1786. He drove the first ox team from Hampden to 
the west part of the town, in 1800. He settled on the 
place where Amasa now lives. He would not accept 
town office. He was in the War of 181 2 and in the 
battle of Hampden. Mr. .•'cmasa Walker has as a 
souvenir of this engagement a belt, scabbard, bayonet, 
and gun. The belt has a bullet hole through it, and is 
coveted with blood, as taken from the body of a British 
soldier at the battle of Hampden. Mr. Walker died 
September 27, 1S47. Mrs. Walker survived him, dying 
February 28, i860. Amasa Walker was born Decembet 
12, 181 7, on the farm in West Hampden, now Neally's 
Corner. He has, been engaged principally in farming. 
He married Miss Mary Ann Cobb, of Hampden. Mrs. 
Walker died January i, 1879. They had si.x children, 
viz : Charles L., deceased; \Villiam F., deceased; An- 
drew M., also deceased; Mary E.; Sarah, wife of Charles 
W. Page, of Newburg; and Eva D. Mr. Walker was 
elected as Lieutenant in the Hampden Light Infantry; 
was promoted to Captain and went into the Aroostook 
war, where he was promoted to Colonel. In 1S54 and 
1855 he represented his town in the Legislature and again 
in 1864 and 1865. He is and has always been, a Re- 
publican. He has held prominent town offices in his 
town. He has a good farm of one hundred and twenty 
acres, being the old homestead, where his father settled 
in 1800. 

In 1786 Freeman Knowles settled in Hampden, this 
county. He came from England, and settled first in 
Eastham, Massachusetts, but came to Hampden as above. 
His son, Jonathan Knowles, was born in F^astham in 
1778, and in 1794 married Mehitabel Snow, of Orring- 
ton, Maine. They had eleven children, four sons and 
seven daughters, all deceased but four. He was a farmer 
and at that time one of the prominent men in town, hold- 
ing the office of Selectman eight years and representing 
the town in the Legislature thirteen years. In the War 
of 181 2 he held the office of First Lieutenant m the bat- 
tle of Hampden and afterwards was promoted to Cap- 
tain. He died at Hampden in 1858. His wife died the* 
next year. Thomas I. Knowles, son of Jonathan Knowles, 
was born August 13, 1815, in Hampden. He married 



Miriam W. Harding, June 20, 1843. They have ten 
children, five sons and five daughters. Mr. Knowles is 
a farmer and holds the office of Postmaster at Neally's 
Corner. He was a First Lieutenant in the Twenty-sec- 
ond Maine Volunteers during the Rebellion, and is one 
of the prominent men of his town. 

The fir.st representative of the Doane family who set- 
tled in this county was Amos Doane, who came to 
Hampden in 1784, He married Mary Myrick. They 
had eight children, viz: Isaac, said to be the first white 
child born on the Penobscot River; Daniel, Edward, 
Amos, William, Elisha, and Lydia. He buried his first 
wife, and married for his second wife Abigail Libbey. 
He was a soldier m the Revolutionary war. During his 
early life he followed the sea, but during his later days 
he was a farmer. He died in 1842. His oldest son, 
Isaac, married Lettice Higgins for his first wife ; his sec- 
ond wife was Caroline Snow. He had ten children, viz: 
Isaac H., Samuel, Edward, Susan, Sarah, Sophronia, 
Dorcas, Albert, Mary, and Amos. He was in the War 
of 181 2. Mr. Doane died August i, 1872. Edward 
Doane, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1814. 
He married Mahala Hanson. They have had seven chil- 
dren, viz: George P., Adrianna (deceased), George F., 
Albert, Henry, Augusta (deceased), and Warren. Mr 
Doane is a farmer. One son is in Colorado, one in 
Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, and two in Hampden. 

Calvin Snow, one of the old men of Hampden, is a 
son of Harding Snow, who came from Wellfleet, Massa- 
chusetts, to Hampden, when it was a wilderness. He was 
a soldier in the Revolution. His wife was Betsey Cobb 
before her marriage. 'I'he only surviving member of 
their family is Calvin Snow. During his early life Hard- 
ing Snow followed the sea, but in later years he followed 
the occupation of a farmer. Mrs. Snow was noted for 
her Christian character, and was a woman greatly loved 
by all. She died September 9, 1S56. Mr. Snow died 
in October, 1846, at the advanced age of ninety-three. 
Calvin Snow, who is now eighty years old, married So- 
phronia Holbrook in 1825. 'I'heir family consisted of 
eleven children, viz: Jane A. (Mrs. Spofford), Mary C. 
(Mrs. Nason), Margaret W. (Mrs. Carlisle), Sophronia C, 
Rosallie H. (deceased), Henry C, Joseph H. (deceased), 
Joseph H. (second), Susan A. (Mrs. Blaisdell), Maria 
T. (Mrs. Fair), Helen A. (Mrs. Harriman). Mr. and Mrs. 
Snow are both still living in Hampden, revered and 
loved by their children and all their numerous friends. 

Peter Newcomb, who was born June 15, 1803, is a son 
of Peter and Dorcas Newcomb {tiec Dorcas Snow), from 
Cape Cod. His grandfather. Captain Reuben Newcomb, 
came to Hampden from Cape Cod at a very early day. 
He was one of the first settlers at Hampden Corner. 
Peter Newcomb was in the War of 181 2, and was Captain 
of the Hampden company. This company took an active 
part in the battle of Hampden. He was a shipbuilder 
and a farmer. He died in Hampden many years ago — 
about 1816. Mrs. Newcomb died m Massachusetts 
about 1866. They had nine children, four of whom 
only are living, viz: Mercy, now Mrs. Cowan, of Her- 
man; Peter; Maria, now Mrs. Samuel Freeman, of Or- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



375 



leans, in Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Thomas, also in 

; Massachusetts. The names of the deceased were; 

I Reuben, Elnathan, Harriet (Smith), Elmira (Durrell), 
and Phcebe. Mr. Newcomb, now of Hampden, has al- 
ways been a farmer. He has cleared up a large portion 
of the farm where he now lives, and cleared one farm be- 
fore. He married Melinda Robinson, daughter of Isaac 
and Rachel Robinson, of Hampden. They have had 
eight children, viz; Almira, wife of A. Corthell, of Rock- 
poit, Maine; Orda, deceased; Charles E. of Brewer, 
Maine; Wilson, in Baltimore; Willis, now in Bangor; 
Freeman, of Hampden ; Arahine, wife of Otis Farnham, 
of Hampden, and Lama, married to James Bowes, of 
Bangor. 

B. W. Harding, of Hampden, is a son of Harvey and 
Susanna Harding (//<•<■ Susanna Wilson). His grand- 
father, Job Harding, came to Hampden from Medway, 
Massachusetts, in 1800, He was an apothecary in Mas- 
sachusetts, and after coming here practiced medicine 

I and was known as Dr. Harding. During his later life 
he was engaged in farming. Harvey and Susanna Hard- 
ing had ten children, viz: Benjamin W.; Hiram, de- 
ceased; Miriam ^\■., wife of Thomas J. Knowles, of 
Hampden; Susan M., married Rufus Bartlett, of Hamp- 
den; Harvey, jr,, now deceased; Edwin A., now in 
Washington in the Pension Office — his family are in 
Hampden : Ambrose H., now in Mississippi; Philander 
H., deceased; Frances A., wife of Albert Hall, qi Her- 
mon, Maine. One died 'in infancy. Mr. Harding was a 
farmer. He came here when nine years of age, and al- 
ways lived here on the place where Benjamin now lives. 
He died in 1864. Mrs. Harding died in 1869. Benja- 
min W. Harding was born October 16, 18 16, in Hamp- 
den. He received the common school education then 
a/Torded in the public schools. On becoming of age he 
remained with his father on the old ]>lace, and on his 
death bought out the heirs. Here he has since lived. 
He married Mary E. Pickard, of Hampden, for his first 
wife, who died in 1S78, in February, leaving two chil- 

I dren — Roscoe W., of Hampden, and Lurietta V., wife of 

I Hiram E. Bartlett, of Hampden. Mr. Harding married, 

i for his second wife, Mrs. Emeline E. Prescott, of Troy. 
She had two children by her former husband, Permelia 
M. Hillman and Freeman. Mr. Harding has often been 
elected as Selectman of his town, and in 1875 was sent 

j to Augusta to represent his district, comprising Hamp- 
den and N'eazie, in the Legislature. He lives in the 
western part of the town, known as Neally's Corner. 

I.ibez Gould, of Hampden, was born April 7, 1806. 
He is a son of John Gould, who came here from Gor- 
ham, Maine, about 1804. He settled in the Knowles 

I neighborhood. Here he spent the remainder of his life. 

j He married Mrs. Betsey Snow, by whom he had si.x 
children, .one of whom only is how living beside Jabez — 
.\llen, who lives in Hampden. The names of the de- 
ceased were John, Hannah, and Lucy, and one died in 

1 infancy. Mr. Gould died in 1875 at the age of ninety- 
four. Mrs. Gould died many years ago. Jabez Gould 
has followed farming principally for a business. He 
married Miss Paulina Walker, daughter of Aaron Walker, 



of Hampden. They have had tweilve children, of whom 
five are living — Laura, deceased; Lucy, deceased; Amasa, 
now in California; Robert, now in Washington Territory; 
Elizabeth, deceased; Charlotte, deceased; John, drowned 
at sea; L. Asbury, of Hampden, a Methodist minister; 
David, deceased; Clara, and Dora. One, the eldest, 
died in infancy. Mr. Gould lives in West Hampden, 
and is a successful farmer. 

Warren L. Cobb, of Hampden, is a son of Levi and 
Olive Cobb {/nv Olive Newcomb). His grandfather, 
Ezekiel Cobb, came from Gorham, Maine, to Hampden 
about 1804. He settled in what is now called Neally's 
Corner, in the same neighborhood where Mr. W. L. 
Cobb now lives. Levi and Olive Cobb had six children 
— Olive S., wife of Loren Lanpher; Ezekiel, of Bangor; 
Levi, deceased; Warren 1).; NLary E., widow of Ben- 
jamin Knowles, and one died in intancv. Mr. (^obb, 
during his early lite, followed the sea for some years. 
During his later life he was engaged in farming. He 
died in 1846. Mrs. Cobb died in 1877. Warren L. 
Cobb was born May 24, 1837, in Hampden. He has 
always lived here on the old homestead. He married 
Ellen Godfrey, daughter of David and Hannah Godfrey, 
of Orrington, Maine. Mrs. Cobb died December 18, 
1875, leaving one son — Wilbur R. They lost one child 
in infancy — Carrie May. 

The first representative of the Ware family who set- 
tled in this country was John Ware, who settled on the 
Kennebec. One of his sons, Ca[)tain Josiah Ware, was 
born on the Kennebec in 1787, and came to Hampden 
in 1807. He married Ruth Atwood and reared a family 
of seven children, tw'o sons and five daughters. He fol- 
lowed the sea. At the time of the Haiiipden battle, in 
1 8 1 4, he commanded a military company. He died in 
1837. Josiah Ware, his son, married Elmira C. Holt. 
They have three c:hildren, Albert S., Clara E., and How- 
^ ard W. Mr. Ware is a farmer and mechanic. 
V Theophilus Stanley, of Hampden, is a son of James 
and Margaret Stanley (//tv Cowan). Mr. Stanley was a 
native of Hopkinton, New Hampshire. He came to 
Hampden about 1808 or 1809. He settled on the farm 
now owned by Mrs. John Stanley in West Hamjiden. 
He had seven children, viz; Theophilus; Thomas, de- 
ceased; Emily, now Mrs. Justus Emerson, of Carmel ; 
Julia, deceased ; Margaret ; Ruth, deceased. He follow- 
ed fanning for a business, and died here in Hampden. 
Mrs. Stiinley survived him but a few years. Theophilus 
Stanley was born June 28, 1799, in Gardiner, Maine. 
He first engaged in lumber work on the Penob.scot, re- 
maining some six years, when he settled on the farm 
where he now lives, in West Hampden. Here he has 
always lived. He married Rachel Patterson, of Hamp- 
('en. They had two daughters, Hannah and Ruth. 
Hannah married Lewis Smith, of Hampden; Ruth is de- 
ceased. In former years Mr. Stanley held prominent 
town offices, and was by his townsmen sent to the Legis- 
lature in 1842 and 1843. He is now past eighty-two 
years old and still able to carry on his small farm. He 
is a man highly respected by his neighbors. He is now- 
living with his daughter, Mrs. Smith. Mrs. Stanley died 



376 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



in 1837. Having come here wlien ten years of age, lie 
can relate much of interest about the early settlement of 
the town, as he retains his faculties to a marked degree. 

William Gary, the subject of this sketch, was born in 
Hampden, August 28, 1822. In early life he received a 
common school education, and was engaged with his 
father till twenty-one years of age. Adev that lime he 
engaged in the mercantile business in Hampden, in 
which business he continued till his death, which oc- 
curred October I, 1881. He was a Free and .Accepted 
Mason, was a member of Mystic Lodge, Ham])den. In 
early life he was a Methodist and later a Universalist. 
He had been SJectman a number of years; was Repre- 
sentative in the State Legislature. He first was Post- 
master of East Hampden, and continued in office till the 
war, when, being a Democrat, the office went to the 
other party. He has held other township offices. He 
married Sarah E. Sjjr.igue May 28, 1855. By this union 
seven children were born, vh: Infant, Willie F., Ross- 
elle, Hattie M., Gracie, Lulu, Robert. 

Fred Sawyer, of Hampden, is a son of .A.mos and 
Betsey Sawyer. His mothei's name was Betsey Sylves- 
ter. Stephen Sawyer, his grandfather, came from Ames- 
bury, Massachusetts, and settled on the phce in West 
Hampden where Fred now lives. He, unlike most 
of the early settlers, chose low land, and the wisdom of 
his choice is now |>lainly manifest. He had four chil- 
dren — John, now in Himpden; i\Iary FJizabeth, now Mrs. 
Allen Garter, of Hermon Gentie; Melvina, wife of Gliarles 
Patterson, and Fred. Mr. Sawyer was a farmer and 
millman. He died in 1877. Mrs. Sawyer is still living 
with her daughter, Mrs. Patterson. Fied Sawyer was 
born February 3, 1848. He married Julia Ycjrk, daugh- 
ter of Isaiah York. They have one son, Arthur. The 
old homestead, where Fred now lives, contains 130 acres 
and is located ni the west part of Hampden. 

Thadeus Nason, the subject of this sketch, was born 
in Limington, York county, .\pril 15, JS03. He is a 
son of Enoch and Lucy Nason, of Limington, and by 
occupation is a farmer. He settled in an early day, 
cleared up the farm, and was one of the pioneers of the 
township. He died in Cornish, York county, in his 
eighty-second year. His children were: .\bigail, Thad- 
deus, Enoch, Hannah, ^Lary, Durell, all of whom arc 
dead but Thaddeus. In his early d.iys lie lived with his 
father till twenty-one, after which he settled in Standish, 
York county, and engaged in farming. Im-oiii there he 
moved to Cornish and remained there three years. 
From there he went to Di.xmont, where he lived forty- 
two years, after wliich he settled on the jilace now oc- 
cupied by the family. He married Narcissa Stone, 
daughter of Solomon and Hannah Stone, of Limington, 
March 13, 1822. She died September 3, 1S80. By the 
above union nine children were born, seven of whom are 
living: Daniel S., William, I'^liza J., S.ilomon S., Han- 
nah S., Mary, Darius, Sarah N., and Albert. William 
married Elizabeth A. I'arker, of Monroe, March 10, 
1862. His children wure: Samuel, deceased; Hannah 
M„ born July 29, i866, li\ing at home; Darius, married 
Lizzie Mudgett, of Di.xmont, February 23, 1859, and 



has three children; ^\'alte^ H., born January 26, i860, 
has been studying medicine; has been one year at Bruns- 
wick; one and one-half years in Orono College, and now 
lives at home; Charles, born January 29, 1864, is en- 
gaged in farming and butchering, buying lands, etc.; 
Nathaniel M., born September 7, 1875, now at home. 

Rufus Bartlett, of Hampden, is a son of John Bartlctt, 
who came to Newburg from Sliapleigh, Maine. John 
Bartlett married Hannah Perry. They had twelve chil- 
dren, viz: Joseph, now of Newburg, Maine; Lydia, 
widow of the late- Richard Ellingwood, of Winterport, 
Maine ; Eveline, now JNIrs. Newcomb, of Newburg; 
Rufus; John, deceased; Hannah, deceased, married 
Eben ILall, of Winterport ; Franklin, deceased; Fidelia, 
wife of Da\id Morrill, of Bangor, and Nancy P., de- 
ceased. 'I'lie others died in early life. Mr. Bartlett al- 
ways followed faiming as a business. He died in New- 
burg in 1S39. Mrs. Bartlett died in 1865. Rufus 
Bartlett, the third son of this family, was born October 
15, 1S23, in Newburg. He received a common school 
education and settled in Newburg as a farmer. After liv- 
ing there until 1856 he moved to the place where he now 
lives in Hampden, near Neally's Corner. He mariied 
Miss Dorcas Whitney, daughter of Isaac Whitney, of 
Newburg. This couple have had seven children, all of 
whom are deceased except Hiram E. Their names were 
Isaac F., Bertha L., Hiram E., A-ugusta and Gustaviis 
(twins), Julia, and Henry. Emery and Hiram E. live in 
Hampden. Mr. Bartlett has always been engaged in 
farming. 

H. \V. Hammond, of Hampden, was born December 
19, 1S37, in Bangor. His father, Charles Henry Ham- 
mond, was a son of Charles Hammond, who came to 
Bangor among the first settlers. Hammond street in 
Bangor was named for him. He married Betsey Brown. 
They had five ch.ildren, viz: Eliza Ann; Eiiza Ann (the 
first of name died ere second was born); Charles Henry, 
born March 5, 1809; Mary Brown, born February 4, 
1S12; Harriet H., born .April 22, 1814. Charles Ham- 
mond died at Bangor, April 12, 18 15, aged thirty-six 
years. Mrs. Hammond died in December, 1871. 
Charles Henry Hammond, the only son of the family, 
married Helen Maria Perley, of Bangor, September 19, 
1833. Her family were from Kennebec county. They 
had two sons, Charles and Henry. He was a grocery- 
man in Bangor for some years, and went to California 
during the gold excitement in that region, and has not 
been heard from for years. Supposed to be dead. Mrs. 
Hammond died in Bangor, January 14, 1844, aged 
thirty years. Henry W. Hammond has been engaged 
in farming in Hampden for about twenty years. He now 
lives near Hampden Corner, and is the only living male 
representative of this branch of the Hammond family. 
He married for his first wife Amanda Penney, of Hamp- 
den. She died December 6, 1S70, leaving two children 
named Addie E. and Charles C. Mr. Hammond mar- 
ried for his second wife Emma Z. Brown, daughter of 
Charles and Emeline Brown, of Hampden. They have 
no children. 

Eben Wheelden, of Hampden, is a son of Levi and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



377 



Sarah I. Wheelden. Levi Wheelden was born in Or- 
I rington. His father, Ebenezer Wheelden, was a native of 
Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Levi Wheel- 
den had twelve children, viz.: Ellen, Eben, Abbie, 
.Alexander, Levi O. D., Dennis, Elizabeth, Lidora, Mary, 
and John. Two died in infancy. He has followed 
farming and milling for a business. Both Mr. and Mrs. 
I Wheelden are now living in Ellsworth, Maine. Eben 
Wheelden, the oldest son of the family, was born Febru- 
ary ID, 1835. He received a common school education, 
and since beginning business for himself has always been 
in the lumber business. He married Maria Hoxie, 
daughter of John Hoxie, of Bucksport, Maine. They 
I have two children, Gertie and Etta. Mr. Wheelden is a 
member of the firm of C. G. Sterns & Co., manufacturers 
of lumber. He first engaged in this business in Hamp- 
den, about 1867. They have two mills, and employ 
about eighty men, cutting out about twelve million feet 
of lumber per year. 

j Benjamin L. Simpson, of Hampden, was born March 

' IT, 1834. He is a son of William R. Simpson, of New- 

p burg, who came from Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

William Simpson married Susan Tolman. They 

, had seven children, viz: Susan, wife of Alden 

iTribow, of Newburg ; Mary, wife of George W. 

, Whitney, of Bangor; William, now in Newburg; Ann 

T., wife of John Clements, of Exeter, New Hampshire; 

1 Benjamin L.; Henry, of Newport, Maine; Charles, also 

in Newburg. Mr. Simpson moved to Belfast, and 

started the first paper ever published there, the Belfast 

Journal. He moved to Newburg from Belfast about 

> 1829, and died in 1870. Mrs. Simpson died in 1869. 

' Benjamin 1,. Simpson, the second son of this family, 

I was born March 11, 1834. He learned the engineer's 

trade by jjractical work about an engine, and is now en- 

giner in Hodgkins's steam saw-mill in Hampden. He 

married Mary Ellingwood, daughter of Captain Nathan 

EUingwood, of \Vinterport, Maine. They have one son, 

: Harry by name. Mr. Simpson has a farm, which he 

■ carries on in connection with his trade, though not able 
f to do much on the farm himself. 

1 One of the first settlers in Hampden was Elisha De- 
lano. He had five children. One of his sons, Paul 
Delano, now living in Hampden, married Maria West, 
and has always lived in Winterport. He formerly fol- 
, lowed the business of shoemaking and also worked at 
I carpenter work. He has had two wives. By his first 
i wife he had five children, and by his second wife, Maria 
West, he had ten children, viz: John, deceased; George 
j A.; Lucy E., wife of James Dean, of Hampden; Martin 
I v., of Winterport ; Nathan, of Hampden ; Sarah, de- 
ceased; Warren, now living in Hampden; Helen and 
Henry, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Delano are both living. 
I He is eighty-eight and has been an invalid for twenty- 
; seven years, since having a shock of palsy. He has had 

■ three shocks of palsy, and is entirely helpless. George 
I A. Delano was born January 7, 1830, in Winterport. On 
. arriving at manhood he went to sea and finally became 

master of a vessel. He followed the sea fourteen years. 
During this time he married Susan Gray, who separated 
48 



from him in 1867. After obtaining a divorce he married, 
in 1870, Hattie B. Cole. By his first wife he had three 
children — Maria, wife of William Whitney, of Hampden; 
Flora, and Charles. Mr. Delano has no children by his 
present wife, but they have adopted three children. 
After giving up his seafaring life he settled in Hampden, 
where he has been engaged in staging, livery, and hotel 
business. He is also agent for the Penobscot River boats. 
His hotel is known as the Penobscot House. 

David J. Jewell, of Hampden, was born August 5, 
1836, in Troy, Maine. His father, David Jewell, was a 
native of Newfield, New Hampshire. He inarried 
Wealthy Haynes, of Swansville, Maine, and they had 
seven children, viz: Sarah, Susan, Nancy, and Elizabeth, 
deceased; George, now in Troy, Maine; W. Ellen, now 
Mts. Hiram Lawrence, of Gardiner, Maine. Mr. Jewell 
was always a farmer. He died in Dixmont in 1857, and 
Mrs. Jewell died October 15, 1852. Mr. Jewell was for 
several years collector and constable in the town of Dix- 
mont. Mr. David Jewell, after receiving a common 
school education, worked in the saw-mills on the river and 
in the woods winters. He settled in Dixmont on a farm 
in 1858, after marrying Octavia McLain, daughter of 
William and Emma McLain, of Appleton, Knox county, 
Maine. Here he lived until 187 1, when he moved to 
Hampden, and has since lived here, working in the mill 
until 187S, when he was appomted Superintendent of the 
Town Farm, which position he is now' filling. Mr. and 
Mrs. Jewell have two children — Hattie E. and Fannie 
M. Mr. Jewell was for two years in the army, being a 
member of Company K, First Heavy Artillery, and 
served with that regiment during the years 1864-65. 

Hiram Dunton is a son of James Dunton, who emi- 
grated from Hope, Waldo county, and settled in Hamp- 
den when the township was a wilderness. He was one 
of the earliest settlers of the township, and cleared up 
the Stanley farm, on which he settled and lived about 
thirty years. He was by trade a carpenter. He died at 
the age of ninety-two, in Hampden; was in the War of 
1812 at the battle of Hampden, under Captain New 
comb. He was a member of the Methodist church. He 
married Polly Patterson, daughter of Andrew and Sarah 
Patterson, by whom he had nine children, viz: Betsey^ 
John, Saphona, Sarah, Jason, James, Lucy, Hiram, and 
Abigail, four of whom are living. Hiram Dunton was 
born in Hampden, March 10, 18 19. In early life he 
started out without assistance, and is what may be called 
a self-made man. His occupation has been farming and 
lumbering. On his farm is located the Consolidated 
Hampden Mining Company. A shaft is lowered to the 
depth of two hundred feet. Capital stock, $r, 000,000; 
been in operation two years. In politics he was formerly 
a Democrat, and later a Cireenbacker. He married 
Louisa Pierce, daughter of Eben and Lydia Pierce, of 
Hampden, November 7, 1842, in Hampden. The cere- 
mony was performed by Hannibal Hamlin. By this 
union four children were born, viz: Charles H., born 
March 30, 1847: married Aurilla Foster, of Hampden, 
daughter of Samuel and Susan Foster, of Hampden, in 
June, 1873; four children were born: Nora M., Orrin 



378 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



W., Flora S., and an infant. He now lives in Hampden, 
and is at present engaged in mining at Castine. Eben 
P. was bcrn March 4, 1S50; married Elmira M. Patter- 
son, daughter of Benjamin and Sabra Patterson, of 
Ham])den, May 4, 1872, and is living at home, engaged 
with his father in flirming. \Valter H. was born April 2, 
1852; married Dell C. Brown, daughter of Daniel and 
Sarah Brown, of Mount Desert, July 4, 1879; '^ lumber- 
ing and farming at Mount Desert. They have two chil- 
dren — Sarah E. and Leslie A. Lottie P. was born in 
1854, March 17; married George Emerson, son of Levi 
and Sarah Emerson; now living in North Bangor; one 
child, Frank W., born November 21, 1872, is now living 
with grandfather Hiram. 

Joseph Cary was born in what is now called East 
Hampden, Penobscot county, in 1791. In his boyhood 
days he followed tlie sea for a living until he was eighteen 
years old. His father, Richard Cary, being a gunsmith, 
he concluded to abandon going to the sea and stop at 
home and learn the gunsmith trade of his father. He, 
being a natural mechanic, soon got so he could do any 
kind of job. In those days he used to do a great deal 
of work for the Penobscot tribe of Indians in repairing 
guns and making traps for hunting. He was in the battle 
of Hampden in the War of 1S12. He was married in 
the year 1817, and brought up quite a large family of 
children — three girls and five boys, ail of whom lived to 
grow up to manhood and womanhood. He has lived 
upon the same farm where he was born up to the present 
time. Thomas Cary, son of the above, was born in 
Hampden, September i, 1826. In early life he received 
a common school education, and lived with his father 
until twenty-one years of age, after which he engaged in 
mercantile business, in which he has since continued. 
He has made his business a success, has held office as 
l)Ostmaster of East Hampden seventeen years, and is at 
present one of the trustees of the Penobscot Savings 
Bank. He is a member of the Free and Accepted Ma- 
sons, Mystic Lodge, Hampden. He married Cordelia 
Gl.iss, of Bangor. By this union tiiree children have 
been born, viz: Frank, eng.iged witii iiis father in busi- 
ness as partner, married Etta Wheelden, of Bangor; 
Melville, engaged with his father; Edith E., resides with 
her parents. 

John Phillips, of Hampden, is a son of John and Eliz- 
abeth PhiUips fyHee Elizabeth Baker). John Phillips was 
a native of Marblehead, Massachusetts. He came to 
M.iine about 1800 and settled in Hampden. He was a 
soldier in the War of 1S12. During his early life he fol- 
lowed the sea. He was a finely educated man for those 
days. During his later life he was a farmer. Mr. and 
Mrs. Phillips had eleven children. Mrs. Phillips had ten 
children by a former husband. They also brought up 



three other children. Their children were: William, now 
in Aroostook county, Maine; Rebecca, now Mis. John 
Lawry, of Winterpcrt, Maine; Dolly, now Mrs. Kendall, 
of Hampden; Lucinda and Zebiah (twins). Lucinda is 
now Mrs. Robert Snow, of Orland. Zebiah is deceased. 
Clara, wife of Francis Gibbs, of Bangor; John; Alexan- 
der, now of Limestone, Aroostook county, Maine; Jen- 
nie, married Joshua Sherman, of Bangor; Ann, deceased 
wife of Francis Gibbs; and Mary, deceased wife of Miles 
Hartford. Mr. Phillips died in Hampden at the age of 
seventy-eight, in November, 1857. Mrs. Phillips died 
November 2, 1878. 

John Phillips was born December 15, 1826. During 
his early life he followed the sea. In 1855 he settled in 
Bangor and did a grocery and shipping business. He 
lived there about twenty years. During the last of the 
time he was in the ship-building business altogether. 
He came to Hampden in 1870, and has been engaged 
principally in farming, though doing some shi]jping busi- 
ness. He married Miss Frances E. Bussey, of Newburg, 
Maine. They have thiee children, viz: Hattie S., Arthur 
R., and Edgar E. Mrs. Phillips's grandfather was re- 
ported as killed in the War of 1812. His funeral ser- 
mon was preached and his monument erected. He after- 
ward returned to his family. 

Jerry G. Patten, of Hampden, is a son of James and 
Elizabeth Patten (jice Elizabeth Guptil). James Patten 
came to Hampden from Merrimac, New Hampshire, 
when six years of age, and settled on the place where 
Mr. Jerry Patten now lives. He had five children, viz: 
Polly, deceased wife of Robert Blaisdell, of Hampden: 
Oliver, deceased; James, now of Hermon; Elizabeth G.; 
and Jerry G. Mr. Patten was a man who took promi- 
nent part in town affairs and held township offices for 
many years. In 1831 and 1832 he represented his town 
in the Legislature. He was for many years a captain in 
the militia, and commanded the company in the battle 
of Hampden in the War of 1812. He died December 
II, 1859. Mrs. Patten died May 2, 185 1. Jerry G. 
Patten, the fifih child and youngest of the family, was 
born December 5, 1S17, in Hampden, on the farm where 
he now lives. He married Betsey C. Cowan, daughter 
of George and Lucy Cowan, of Hampden. This couple 
have had six children, viz: Thomas, now of Hampden; 
Franklin, now of Merrilon, Wisconsin; Agnes, deceased: 
Fannie, wife of Samuel Babb, of Chippewa Falls, Wis- 
consin; Jere, deceased; Hamlin, deceased. Mr. Patten 
has been a member of the Board of Selectmen for sev- 
eral years. In 1S68 and 1869 he was chosen to repre- 
sent his district in the Legislature. In 1S71 he was ap- 
pointed by Secretary McCulloch as Weiglier and (Jauger 
in the Custom House in Bangor, which position he held 
ten years. He lives in the northwest part of Hermon. 



HERMON. 



■ Hermon is another of tlie neighbors of Bangor, which 
|it immediately and evenly adjoins on the west. Its 
soutliern companion is Hampden, its western Carmel, 
and its northern neighbors, in nearly equal shares, Glen- 
iburn and Levant. It is about an even township in size, 
but has been made very slightly trapezoidal by the short- 
ening of its north line about a quarter of a mile below 
the regulation township length of six miles. The south 
town line, but for the projection above it of the cape 
from Hampden already described, would be even six 
miles long. The east and west lines of the town are 
liso each very nearly six miles long. The symmetry 
3f the town is considerably broken in the southwest part 
by the intrusion of Hampden. The south line of Her- 
mon runs from the southeast corner of the town four 
miles to the outlet of Hermon Pond, then describes a 
great curve in the pond and goes out by the outlet of 
Patten Pond to a point a trifle south of the original 
parallel, and thence strikes westward about one-third of 
a mile to the corner of the town. On all other sides 
of Hermon the boundaries are perfectly straight. 
I Through the southern part of the town, running a 
.ittle north of east, entering from Bangor two-thirds of 
■1 mile above the southeast corner, and passing out into 
Carmel nearly two miles north of the opposite corner, 
i-uns the track of the Maine Central Railroad. It makes 
I station for Hermon post-office (the first out of Bangor) 
bne and a half miles southeast of the road junctions at 
Ihe village, and another three and a half miles west, at 
'he crossing of the Sowadabscook Stream, near Hermon 
Fond, which gives its name to the station. Here are 
School No. I and a cemetery. A road runs from the 
fetation, near the west bank of the Sowadabscook, about 
I mile to and then into Carmel. Its extension to the 
iouihwestward runs out to the west town line, along that 
1 little way and then southeastward into Hampden. 
Another road from the station crosses the Sowadabscook 
here, and goes northeast to and through Hermon village 
to a road from Bangor to Glenburn, across the northeast 
mgle of the town, where, at a [joint a little below North 
Hermon post-office, it ends. Another partial diagonal 
j)f the town, passing to the northwest from two branches 
Starting respectively from Hampden and Bangor, and 
Jniting something more than a mile from the south and 
Jast lines of Hermon, also passes through Hermon post- 
affice, and goes out into Carmel a mile or more below 
he northwest corner of this town. One and a half 
niles above the village it receives a southwesterly 
■oad coming from B.ingor. Shortly before its exit a 
lorth and south road from Levant crosses it, makes a 
og of one-third of a mile near School No. 2, half-way 



across the town, and goes on south to Hermon Pond. 
Another north and south road from Levant to the pond 
runs in the interior of Hermon, at varying distances of 
one to one and a half miles from the former road. They 
intersect an east and west road from Hermon village, 
which passes into Carmel. These are the great roads of 
the town. Of course, in a region so finely settled as 
Hermon, the necessary shorter roads are not wanting. 

Hermon Pond is an attractive body of water, nearly 
two miles in extreme length from the end of the bay at 
the northeast, and about a mile in greatest breadth to- 
ward the outlet into Stetson Pond. Its average length, 
however, is only about one and one-eighth miles, and its 
average width perhaps half a mile. At its northwest bay 
the Sowadabscook Siream enters, after a flow of over a 
mile and a half in the west part of the town. A srnall af- 
fluent also comes in about the middle of the north bank 
of the Pond. This beautiful sheet adds a great charm to 
the scenery of the town, and it is a favorite resort for 
picnics, and for boating and fishing. 

George's Pond is a little sheet half a mile long by 
about half the breadth, less than a mile east of Hermon 
Pond, and with its south end pretty close upon the town 
line. Its outlet is into the Sowadabscook, below Stetson 
Pond, and into it debouches the Wheeler Stream, This 
has two heads in the north central and central western 
parts of the town, and flows to a point of junction a mile 
east of Hermon village, with a tributary of near three 
miles' length, rising near North Hermon. Thence the 
stream runs about two and one-half miles further to 
George's Pond, half a mile before entering it receiving a 
very short tributary from a pond west of it. A petty 
stream crosses the extreme southeast of the town, and 
another heads about three miles north of it, and also 
flows into Bangor. Near the north half of the west line 
of the town the Little Kenduskeag Stream, heading in 
the north of Levant, and running with a general south- 
ward course, passes to the Sow-adabscook at the town 
line, a rnileand a half above Hermon Pond Station. 

Hermon is an old and well populated town. About 
exactly at the centre of its territory, just halt-way across 
from east to west, and but a trifle below the middle point 
from north to south, is Hermon village and post-otifice.' 
Here are the Town House and Masonic Hall, the public 
pound. Baptist and Uiiiversalist churches, and a public 
school-house. Three miles northeast of it is North Her- 
mon post-office, with an Advent church and a cemetery. 
The cemetery for Hermon village is at School No. 13, 
nearly a mile from the cross roads at Hermon. Although 
these are so near the centre of the town, there is a sep- 
arate "Hermon Centre" post-olSce at the Hermon depot. 

379 



38o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



Hermon Pond Station, whose position has already been 
indicated, has also a post-office. All parts of the town 
are tolerably well settled, but population is perhaps 
densest in the northeast quarter. 

The surface of Hermon is quite picturesquely broken, 
but is not unduly -rolling or hilly. 

The settlement of Hermon began nearly a quarter of 
a century before it became a full-fledged town. About 
1790 the pioneers are believed to have got this far into 
the interior from Bangor and the Penobscot. They were 
Julius Hewes, Collins Hewes, Jotham Mason, William 
Patten, and a few others, who came that year, or no long 
time after. They were all originally from New Hamp- 
shire. In the spring of 1798, when the energetic pioneer 
Baptist, Paul Ruggles, was pushing his way into the wil- 
derness of Carmel with his young wife, and became the 
guest of this Hermon settler, we find a Mr. (iarland upon 
the soil, but are not notified of the year of his coming. 
Mr. and Mrs. Ruggles were his guests for several weeks, 
until the weather permitted them to paddle up the Sow- 
adabscook and make their own settlement. The growth 
of the plantation was slow for many years, but there were 
about twenty families in the township when it was erected 
into a town in 18 14. 

This was one of the four townships selected within 
the present territory of Penobscot county, with Bangoj-, 
Hampden, and Newburg, and assigned February 5, 1800, 
to make up a deficiency in the tract surveyed for the 
Waldo Patent. Of course here, as in the other town- 
ships, the lots actually occupied by settlers were not dis- 
tributed, and their titles, derived only from occupancy, 
were quieted for nominal sums. The remainders in the 
four townships, amounting to about eighty-three thou- 
sand acres, were assigned to the Waldo heirs. General 
Henry Knox, of Revolutionary fame, had married one 
of these, and although the share of the Patent in which 
she had an interest had been confiscated and sold, the 
General's high favor and influence with the Government, 
together with liberal purchases on his own account, en- 
abled him to get a very large landed estate in this 
quarter. About half the Waldo property in this county, 
says Mr. Williamson, in the History of Maine, was as- 
signed to the old hero, "the friend of Washington." It 
is generally known that Knox county was named from 
him in i860, as he for twelve years, after his resignation 
as Secretary of War, resided at Thomaston, where he 
died in October, 1806. The railway station at that place 
is in the brick building that was once General Knox's 
stable. 

February 13, 1814, in the midst of the stern alarums 
of war in Eastern Maine, Hermon was incorporated as 
the 207th town erected in the District. Sangerville, now 
in Piscataquis county, was incorporated on the same day, 
and Newport, now in Penobscot, on the next. 

As before noted, the town had then about twenty 
families, with a goodly proportion of men without family. 
The population had numbered 82 fourteen years before, 
in 1800, and 179 four years before, by the census of 
1810. In 1S12 the polls in the plantation counted up 
33, with estates valued at $9,229.02. In 1820 Hermon 



town had a population of 277, 55 polls, and $22,056 in 
officially valued estates. The people had increased to 
535 in 1830, 1,042 in 1840, 1,374 in 1850, 1,433 in i860, 
1,489 in 1870, and 1,394 in 1880. Until within the last 
decade, as thus appears, Hermon has not only held its 
own in population, but has quite satisfactorily increased. 

In i860 the votes of this town numbered 315; in 
1870, 342; in 1880, 369. 

The valuations of estates for these years, respectively 
were $197,120, $294,189, and $399,999. 

Hermon has two religious societies, — the Free Baptist 
and the Universalist, — the pulpits of both of which are> 
or were recently, vacant. 

The leading associations of Hermon at this writing 
are only the Lynde Lodge, No. 74, of Free and Ac- 
cepted Masons, and the Union Grange, No. 26, of 
Patrons of Husbandry. There lately existed in the 
town the "New Era'' branch. No. 34, of Sovereigns of 
Industry, and the Star Lodge of the Independent Order 
of Good Templars. 

The manufacturers of the town were formerly some- 
what numerous, but of late have included but one firm, 
engaged in cooperage at Hermon village. Under the 
business stimulus pervading the country, however, the 
manufacturing interests of this region are beginning 
again to look up. 

The firm mentioned also keep a general store, and 
there is one other in the town. 

One of the partners, Mr. J. G. Eaton, is Postniastei 
at the village, Mr. George W. Patten at Hermon Pond,i 
S. Gerow at North Hermon, and Thurston Hunt at Her I 
mon Centre. 

The officers of the town for 1881 were: 

Rufus Robinson, Jr., W. F. Harding, and Gideon 
Andrews, Jr., Selectmen; George D. Higgins, Town 
Clerk; John D. Miller, Treasurer; C. E. Phillips, Con- 
stable and Collector; W. A. Swan, C. H. Gates, W. F. 
Harding, School Committee; J. Kimball, Russell B. 
Miller, Charles N. Patten, John Kimball, Justices. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

Alva Patten is a son of William and Hannah Patten, 
who settled in Hermon in an early day. He built a 
house by driving down stakes and covering them with 
peeled bark, and lived in it some time, subsisting on fish 
and potatoes. The first season he felled thirty acres ol 
timber, burnt the ground, and raised five hundred bushels, 
of corn. He also built a house of hewn logs, in which 
he lived about sixty years, or until his death, using one 
end of it for his stock. He was in the War of 1812 and 
died at the age of seventy-nine. He preached the gos- 
pel for thirty years. He was a delegate to the conven- 
tion which separated the State, and was Selectman until 
his death. He served as Representative a number ol 
terms, and held all the township offices. He did all the 
justice business for a great many years and in that time 
officiated at the marriage of a large number of the towns- 
men. He married Hannah Godell, of Prospect, by 
whom he had the following children : Chesley, William, 
Gibson, John, Alva, Gibson, Jr., Polly, Olive, and Jane. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



38 » 



'Alva was born July 4, 1807, in Hermon; kept the hotel 
in Hermon about twenty years, but after the railroad 
went through the State business became dull, and he sold 
■ his interest and bought the farm on which he has since 
resided. Alva Patten's first wife was Lyana Celson, of 
Frankfort, by whom he had six children: Simeon, 
Caroline, Melissa, .Amanda, Gibson, and Josephine. 
None of these are living except Melissa, who was m.itron 
in the Litlle Girls' Home at Portland until a year ago, 
and now resides in Boston. For his second wile .Mva 
1 Patten married Sarah Perry, daughter of Edmond and 
1 1.ydia Perry, of Carmel, Maine. February 20, 1S58, and 
they have had one child, Helen J., who was born Sep- 
tember 4, 1861, and now lives at home. Chester W. 
Patten, son of William Patten, was born in Hermon, 
March 31, 1847. After receiving a common school edu- 
cation he began devoting his energies to farming, in which 
pursuit he has raade a great success. He now has a fine 
farm in a good state of cultivation, and supplied with 
good buildings. He married Syvil Kimble, daughter of 
lames Kimble, of Hermon, April 22, 1865, and has had 
three children, viz: Elmer C, born February 10, 1S65; 
William E., born January 20, 1874; and Elter May, born 
August 24, 1878. 

Asa G. Wyman is the son of Daniel and Hannah 
Wyman, of Herman, who emigrated from Hartland. The 
father, Daniel Wymon, cleared up quite a portion of the 
land, helped cut the road through, and died at the age of 
eighty-eight. He married Hannah Greely, by whom he 
had seven children : Cornelia, .\sa G., Thomas, Moses, 
Daniel, James, and John, two of whom are living. Asa 
G. was born March 8, 1829, in Hartland, but has spent 
the greater part of his life in Hermon, e.\cept five years 
years in the lumber business in Michigan. He is one of 
the successful farmers in Hermon, having become such 
by hard work and attention to business. He started out 
m life without assistance, and is what may be termed a 
self-made man. He married Sarah Carr, daughter of 
Ester Carr, of Hampden, and has had two children, Mel- 
lin, deceased, and Anna, born April 19, 1872. 

Abel Pettingill emigrated to Hampden forty-seven 
years ago and settled on the place now owned by Mr. 
Jones, clearing the farm from its rude state and putting 
up the present buildings. He died at the age of si.xty- 
five. He married Dorris Davis and raised thirteen chil- 
dren, viz: Thankful, Mary, Daniel, Lucy, Abel, Abram, 
Lydia, John, Amos, Aaron, William, Simeon, and 
Charles, six of whom are living. Abram Pettingill was 
born April 6, 1814, and received a common school edu- 
cation; went to sea for a few years, after which he settled 
on the place now occupied by him, clearing it up by 
hard work and bringing it to a good state of cultiva- 
tion, putting up fine buildings. He settled on the place 
without a helpmeet, but after a few years married Mary, 
daughter of Samuel and Ester Emerson, of Hamiiden. 
They have brought up a number of children, viz: Orren 
Thayre, Lydia J. Porter, Alfred N. Pettingill, Thomas 
Whitney, Cora Whitney, and Charles Whitney, who 
under their watchful care have grown up likely, steady, 
and respected men and women. The first-named child, 



Orrin, learned the painter's trade, but as it did not agree 
with him, he went to Hampden and bought a farm. After 
his death his wife sold the farm and went to Bucksport 
to live with her father, taking her little girl, aged four 
years. While living with her father, a man by the name 
of Smith called upon her to borrow some money, and 
when she refused the desired loan, he murdered the 
whole family, father, daughter, and child. He afterward 
burned the buildings, but was arrested and sentenced for 
life to the Thomaston State Prison. 

Reuben Prescott, the subject of this sketch, is the son 
of John Prescott, of Hermon, and was born November 
25, 1820, in Lincolnville, Maine. He has devoted his 
life successfully to farming, and is a member of the Sove- 
reigns of Industry No. 26, West Bangor, also a Good 
Templar. He married Elmira J. Cowen, of Hampden, 
November 14, 1850, in which union four children were 
born, viz: Frederick; James, now in Minnesota; Joseph 
P., who married Mary A. Smith, and lives in Hermon; 
Fanny M., and George A., both at home. 

Benjamine Swett was born December 29, 1769, and 
emigrated from Massachusetts and settled in Hampden 
in 1793. He died in Hampden in 1854, after following 
farming all his life. He married Mehitable Atwood, and 
was the father of the following children: Mrs. Doane, of 
Hampden; Mrs. Row, of Bangor; Mrs. Mayo, of Chi- 
cago, Illmois; Benjamin Sweet, Portland, Maine; 
James Swett, Bangor; Mrs. Hopkins, Bangor; Mrs. 
Snow, Hampden; Mrs. Rusbank, Bangor; Charles M. 
Swett, Hermon; William A. Swett, Bangor, and D. W. 
Swett, Gloucester, Massachusetts. Charles M. Swett 
married Ruth H. Atwood, January ri, 1848, who bore 
the following children; Cynthia, Mary, Discas, Horace, 
Frank, Helen, Discat, Lewis. Mr. Swett makes farm- 
ing his occupation. 

John Littlefield settled in North Dixmont in an early 
day, and cleared more land than any other man in the 
town. He has for many years been deacon of the Free- 
will Baptist church. He married ^Lartha Colson, ol 
Winterport, and had eleven children: Gilman, Samuel, 
Oliver H., Sarah A., Susan, William H., Jason, Almedia, 
John, Jr., Elizabeth, Rebecca, seven of whom are now 
living. Gilman was born in Dixmont, June 17, 1828, 
and received a common school education. At the age 
of twenty-one he bought a farm, paying twenty-five dol- 
lars down, and by hard work digging the remainder of 
the price out of the soil. After living in Etna seven 
years he settled on the place he now occupies. It was in 
a rude state when he bought it, but he has brought it up 
to a high state of cultivation, having upon it over three 
miles of fencing. Mr. Littlefield is a member of West 
Bangor Lodge, No. 26, Sovereigns of Industry, and has 
held minor town offices. xMarch 27, 1850, he married 
Mary Eldrich, of Etna, and has four children: Laura E., 
born March r6, 1856, married Eugene Robinson, .\pril 
12, 1874, and lives in Macwahoc, Aroostook county; 
Alva G., born May 15, i86t, lives at home; Cora M., 
born August 2, 1867; and Nellie F., born June 17, 186^. 

Benjamin L. Barnes was born in Massachusetts, and 
went to Camden when a small boy, where he lived until 



332 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



about twenty-five years of age. He came to the town- 
ship of Hcrmon about thirty-five years ago and settled 
on the place occupied by him and his son. The farm 
was in its rude state and by hard work Mr. Barnes has 
brought it to a high state of cultivation. He started 
from home withiiut aid from any one. He married Lydia 
Fletcher, of Lincolnville, by whom ten children were 
born, viz: Nancy, Benjamin, Hannah, Mary, Edwin, 
Hattie, Frank, L)din, and two infants that died; six are 
living. Frank was born in Camden April 22, 1842. He 
received a common-school education, and has always 
lived with his father, taking care of his parents in their 
old age. He has made farming his occupation. He was 
a member of the Sovereigns of Industry, West Bangor, 
No. 26. He married Sarah M. Eldridge, daughter of 
John and Mary Eldridge, of Etna, October 24, 1826. 
They have one child, George E., born March 22, 1867. 

R. B. Miller is a son of Silas Miller, of Hermon, 
whose father, John Miller, came here from Hampden. 
John Miller had nine children, of whom Silas -was the 
second son. Silas Miller married Clara Myrick, daugh- 
ter of Nathaniel Myrick, of Hampden. By this union 
there have been three children — Russell B., Justena, 
and Cora B. Mr. Miller has always been engaged in 
farming and lumbering business. He was often asked 
by his townsmen to allow his name to be used for election 
to places of public trust, but with the exception of the 
office of Selectman, he declined to allow his name to be 
used on a ticket. He is now living on his farm in this 
town. R. B. Miller was born in 1849. After receiving 



a common-school education he attended the academy at 
Corinth three terms. He married Miss Almira E. Hink- 
ley, daughter of John H. Hinkley, of Hermon, and set- 
tled on the place where he now lives, in the village of 
Hermon. To this couple have been born a son, Gard- 
ner H., now three years old. Mr. Miller has served as 
Collector, deputy Sheriff, member of the School Board, 
and deputy Census Marshal. He is a young man of 
good education, having taught school several terms. 

Uriah Roundy,of Hermon, is the son of Lacy Roundy, 
who was a native of Clinton, Kennebec county. He 
married Jane Libbey. They had two children, viz; 
Uriah and Joshua. Joshua is now deceased. Uriah 
Roundy, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1810. 
He first settled in the town of Frankfort, now Winter- 
port, Maine, where he married Mary A. Downs, daughter 
of Thomas Downs. After living in Monroe and Jackson, 
in Waldo county, where Mrs. Roundy died in 1858, and 
where he married for his second wife Mary A. Jones, he 
moved to this town. By his first wjfe Mr. Roundy had 
four children, viz: Dorcas, Silas A., now of Lewiston, 
Oliver W., and Helen, all of whom are now deceased 
except Silas A. By his second wife there are two children, 
Edward F. and Nellie E., who are living at home. Mr. 
Roundy moved here in 1863, where he has since lived. 
He has 140 acres of land and is engaged in farming and 
stock-raising. He has a good orchard and raises con- 
siderable fruit. He is a remarkably well preserved man 
for one of his age, and still takes a lively interest in pol- 
itics and the general news of the day. 



HOLDEN 



BY WAY OF DESCRIPTION. 

Holden is largely upon one of the old settled tracts of 
the county, but is one of the later municipal formations, 
having been set off from Brewer and incorporated April 
13, 1852. It is distant from Bangor only by the width 
of Brewer and the Penobscot, or about three miles, and 
is situated upon the old stage route from Bangor to Ells- 
worth, Mt. Desert, Cherryfield, and the East of Maine. 
The general direction of its length and its east and west 
boundary lines is from the northeast to southwest. It is 
eight and one-half miles in greatest length from the north 
line to the southernmost point of the town, near the 
southeast end of Brewer Pond. Most of the town, how- 
ever, all except that running down into the "gore," is but 
the length of the west boundary, five and two thirds 



miles. Its width enlarges slightly, from the divergence 
of the east line of the town eastward, from four and one- 
half miles on the south line to about lour and five-sixths 
from the angle in the east line near Holbrook Pond, 
almost three and one-half miles above the southeast cor 
ner. Thence it dwindles by the deflection of the east 
line westward, to four and one-third miles at the north 
line of the town. The width of the gore in the south 
part of the town, at its beginning, two-thirds of a mile 
from the west corner, and a little over two and one-third 
miles from the south corner, is about one and one-third 
miles, whence it narrows by straight boundaries, a little 
zigzagged near Field's Pond, to a point nearly three miles 
below. Large part of this gore is covered by Bre\ver 
Pond, and the rest seems to be unsettled as yet. The 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



383 



area of tlie town, in round numbers, is thirty square 
miles, or about twenty thousand acres. 

Holden is bounded on the northeast by Eddington ; 
on the southeast iiy the "L" of Eddington and by Ded- 
ham, in Hancock county ; on the southwest by Dedham 
and Bucksport, the latter of which also bounds the gore 

I on the southeast; and on the northwest by Orrington 
(bounding the gore only). Brewer, and a small angle of 
Eddington. It is but one mile from the Penobscot 
River at the nearest point, from the north corner of the 
town straight across to Eddington Bend. 

There is no important sheet of water wholly within the 
bounds of Holden; but several lakes lie ujion the bor- 
ders. On the northwest line of the gore, and stretching 
in a narrow breadth of it across the opposite line, is 
Brewer Pond, the largest water which touches Holden. 
It lies, however, chiefly in Orrington, in whose history it 
will be described. Upon the north half of the southeast 
border are Holbrook and Davis Ponds, with their );on- 
necting stream. These waters have been sutificient'ry de- 
scribed in our account of Eddington. 'i'he greatest 
length, and by far the greatest part of the surface of 
Holbrook, are in Holden. The east corner of the town 
lies in the south central part of Davis Pond. Neither of 
these, strange to say, receives any tributary of account in 
this town. The Dead River rises near George's Corners, 
a little below Holbrook Pond, flows appropriately out 
into Dedham, and through two good-sized lakes in Han- 
cock to Union River. Another small stream, flowing 
southward half a mile or so in this county, also heads 
near the Corners. Two miles west rises another Han- 
cock county stream, which has a course of about one 
and a half miles in Holden, and flows out near the south 
corner. Indeed, the town seems to be full of "heads,'' 
from the peculiarity of its situation as a sort of summit 
in the south central part of it, between Holbrook and 
Brewer Ponds. Not a single stream completely intersects 
the town in any direction, or any large part of it. In the 
north part of it, however, a brook of moderate length 
rises half a mile above the north bay of Holbrook Pond, 
and flows with a northwest and west course into the 
Eaton Brook, close upon the Brewer line. The head- 
waters of this brook, three in number, are two or three 
miles to the southward, and scattered over about two 
miles' space. The brook, as we have already noticed, 
crosses the upper part of Brewer town, and enters the 

I Penobscot at Nortli Brewer. Another Ihewer stream, 
Felt's Brook, heads less than a mile southeast of the 

1 Brewer line ; and still another comes down from Edding- 
ton, makes an arc of about half a mile length in the 

: north angle of Holden, whence it flows again into Ed- 

I dington, and makes a final end in Brewer. 

I Holden is a moderately populous town, having 717 

' people by the census of 1880. The only post-ofirtce 
bears the name of the town, and is kept by P. L. Pond 
at bis store near the cemetery on the Bangor road, one 
and a half miles northwest of George's Corners. This 
hamlet is situated at an important croi=s-roads half a mile 
southwest of the south end of Holbrook Pond, and 
about the same distance from the southeast town line. It 



has a public school-house, saw-mill, tannery, blacksmith's 
shop, etc. From it radiate roads to all the cardinal 
points except west. One runs east and northeast near 
Holbrook Pond to and through East Eddington |jost- 
office. .\bove that place and Davis Pond a branch route 
runs off to the southwest, which, about two miles after 
passing the Holden line, joins the road from Eddington 
Bend, which comes in near the north corner of the town, 
and runs southerly to the junction near the school-house, 
whence it continues nearly due south to George's Cor- 
ners, through which it runs a mile further into Dedham. 
The Bangor road comes in from Brewer in a straight 
course of three and a half miles, when it ends in a coun- 
try neighborhood south of the post-ofifice. A little more 
than a mile west of that, however, at the Congregational 
church, parsonage, and school-house, nearly two miles 
southeast of the town line, the main or stage-road turn's 
off to the eastward, but presently to die southeast, and 
continues to and through George's Corners into Hancock 
county. Still another highway runs from George's to the 
southwest, across the south of the gore of Dedham to 
Bucksport. George's Corners are thus the centre of the 
road system of Holden. No other important road of 
length exists in the town than those described. For 
about two miles nearly parallel with the last, however, is 
a road from the gore of Dedham, running northerly and 
northeasterly to the Eddington Bend route. From the 
cemetery on the Bangor road, one and a quarter miles 
from the Brewer line, a road runs to the southeast across 
Prospect Hill — a locality famous for its fine views of the 
Penobscot Valley — -and by the school-house there, out by 
a west course into Orrington. .'Vnd from the school- 
house on the Eddington Bend road, a mile from the 
north corner of Holden, a highway runs nearly two miles 
to the southwest, and then bends northwesterly into 
Brewer. 

The surface of Holden, as has already been intimated 
in our descriptions, is somewhat uneven, but not suffi- 
ciently so to destroy its adaptibility to agricultural pur-. 
poses. On the contrary, there are a number df fine, pro- 
ductive farms in the town; and its chief industries, by 
far, are agriculture, stock-raising, and dairying. 

WHITE SETTLEMENT. 

The pioneers got into the interior here even earlier 
than they did into most parts of the present Penobscot 
county on the other side of the river. The date of the 
first arrival is well settled to have been May 31, 1786. 
Like the colony of twenty-six that two and a half years 
later laid the foundations of the Queen City of the West 
in the Ohio Valley, this party consisted of men only, with 
three exceptions, and at least one young child. It thus 
almost lacked some of the most interesting elements 
which usually aid to make up the earliest colonization; as 
in the case of the Plymouth Colony, thus poetically set 
forth by Mrs. Hemans: 

And there was woman's fearless eye, 

Lit by her deep lo\e's truth; 
There was manhood's brow, serenely high. 

And tlie fiery heart of youth; — 

but was perhaps by this better fitted for the stern struggle 



384 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



that had to be waged for a few years in the howling wil- 
derness. 

The men of this company numbered eight, and were 
Captain (afterwards (ieneral) John Blake, John Farring- 
ton, Silas Winchester, Calvin Holbrook, David Mann, 
Elijah Jones, Isaac Clewley, and Samuel Gilmore. 

A valuable historical letter, written a few years ago by 
George C. VViswell, Esq., grandson of one of the later 
settlers, gives the following interesting notes concerning 
the Blake and Farrington party : 

They followed a spotted line, which was their only guide (a son of 
one of the settlers, who was five years old, riding a eow), about six or 
seven miles from the Penobscot River, in an unbroken wilderness; and 
here thev built their log-houses and covered them with bark. The first 
year thev felled some trees and cleared some land, but were not able to 
raise any crops. Fortunately some natural meadows which the beavers 
had made, were found near by and furnished pasturage for the cows 
in summer, and in winter they were kept near the meadow haystack, 
the owners going by turns to get their milk. In 1788 quite a c|uantitv 
of rye and Indian corn was raised, which the farmers carried on their 
backs to the river and boated it to South Orrington to be ground, bring- 
ing it back in the same way. A sled-road, however, was soon opened 
to the river; but then it took two days to make the journey and back, 
one man going as teamster and another with a handspike to pry up the 
sled, which often clught on roots and stumps. 

The first wheel carriages that they used were carts, some of the 
wheels of which were made bv sawing off a short piece of a large log, 
while others were made with hubs, spokes, and felloes, but had no iron 
about them. 

This courageous band of pioneers was from Wrentham, 
Massachusetts. Most, if not all of them, like their 
leader, Captain Blake, had been soldiers in the War of 
the Revolution, then but recently closed, were inured to 
peril and privation, and were well fitted to lay the foun- 
dations of civilization in the wilderness east of the Pe- 
nobscot. 

General Blake sjjent the rest of his life in this region, 
and became its most noted citizen. He was born in 
Boston, August 29, 1753; entered the Revolutionary 
army April 19, 1775, at twenty-two years of age. became 
a lieutenant in the Continental line, and served as such 
until December of 1780. His military experience and 
abilities were still made serviceable after his settlement 
in Maine. He was advanced through all grades in the 
military service, until he became Major-General of Di- 
vision. At sixty-one years he was Brigadier-General 
commanding the milkia at the unlucky affair with the 
British forces at Hampden, in September, 1814. His 
management on this occasion was made the subject of 
investigation by a military Court of Inquiry, under 
direction of the State authorities; but he was altogether 
exonerated by it "of censure and suspicion," as the 
historian Williamson says. Then, at the instance of 
General Blake, two of his subordinate commanders, a 
Colonel and a Major, were arrested and tried by a regu- 
lar court-martial. The former was suspended from rank 
and command for two years; the latter w^as honorably 
acquitted. General Blake lived a long and useful life 
thereafter, dying at last January 25, 1S22, in his eighty- 
ninth year. 

Of the first settlers, only Messrs. Gilmore, Clewley, 
and Jones brought their wives with them. During the 
next two years, however, the remainder sent or went for 
their wives and families, and brought them also to the 



pioneer homes. Subsequent early arrivals in this par 
of )he country included Colonel Solomon Blake, Elish; 
Robmson, and Billings Brastow. Of these Colone 
Blake survived until May 4, 1858, when he passed awa' 
at the great age of ninety-three. 

It is a remarkable fact that so many of the Holder 
pioneers lived to advanced age, a number of them to 
near eighty years. We have already noted the deaths 
General and Colonel Blake. Deacon Farrington diec 
at the age of eighty-seven, September 30, 1843. Josepl 
Copeland, who came subsequently, lived to be seventy 
nine years and five months old, dying here January 3 
1864. Isaac Bates died September ii, 1849, agec 
seventy-one years and three months. William Copeland 
who departed this life February 10, 1849, was sevent) 
years old. Others, whose names and dates of death wf 
have not, lived to still greater age. 

About eight or ten years after S. Blake, Robinson, anc 
Brastow, came in William Copeland aforesaid, froir 
Mansfield, Massachusetts, and George Wiswell, frotr 
Norton, in the same State. They were the first to settU 
in the southwest part of the present town. Wiswell diec 
June 27, 1836, at the age of sixty-four — comparativel) 
young for a Holden pioneer. 

Other settlers, about the same time or no great whik 
after, were Messrs. Ebenezer Fisher, Jacob Hart, Jaraei 
Hastings, Thomas George, Asaph Gates, Deo Dat (" Ht 
Gives to God") Brastow, Isaac Bates, Joseph and Lem 
uel Copeland, Samuel Cobb, John Robinson, Nathaf; 
Clark, Abia Pearl, Nathan Kingsbury, F^lisha Rider- 
Zenas and William Rogers, Newell Shepard, and AUer 
Hodges. 

0RG.\NIZ-V1'I0N. 

This town occupies a part of Township No. 9, as 
known in the surveys. It was originally, for purposes o;" 
civil government, a part of Orrington, which was erected 
from New Worcester Plantation March 21, 1788, anc 
was then a large town, embracing thirty-seven thousand 
three Inmdred and four acres. When the northeast pari 
of old Orrington was set off, February 22, 1812, to con- 
stitute Brewer, this part of the former town went with it, 
and was locally known as East Brewer. More than fort) 
years passed before another division was imperatively de 
manded, and then, .\pril 13, 1852, the final separation 
was made which bereft Brewer of by far its larger and; 
perha|)S fairer portion, and the new town of Holden was 
born. It is, with the exception of seven towns — Matta- 
wamkeag, .Medway, Mount Chase, Prentiss, Stetson, 
Veazie, and Winn — the youngest town in the county.; 
Kenduskeag was created the same year, but in February.: 

aT.vnSTlCS OF GROWTH. 

Although so early settled, the population of the tract 
now constituting Holden cannot be given, in conse- 
quence of its inclusion in other towns. As we have seen, 
a considerable percentage of the people of Orrington, 
and afterwards of Brewer, must have been settled in this 
(juarter. The first census taken after the final separa- 
tion — that of i860 — showed a population in Holden^ 
numbering 805. Brewer, at the next preceding census,i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



385 



exhibited a roll of 2,628 people, of whom nearly one- 
hird must have lived in the subsequent Holden territory, 
[n 1840, when all of old Brewer had but 1,736, the pro- 
jortion belonging to "East Brewer" must have been 
nuch larger. In 1870 Holden had 761, and in 1880 

;i7- 
The number of polls in i860 was 180; in 1870, 185; 

,n 1880, 200. The grown men or voters, it will be seen, 

lave steadily increased, although the population has 

alien off somewhat. 

In i860 the valuation of estates in this town was 

;i68,938: in 1870, $193,561 ; in 1880, $174,681. 

RELir.IOUS HISTORY. 

.\t early dates in the annals of this region, the Rev. 
Father" John Sawyer and Rev. Jotham Sewall, the 
•ell-known pioneer preachers, and afterwards venerated 
atriarchs, held Protestant services in it here and there, 
"he latter was an especial favorite, and the whole settle- 
lent, almost without exception, would turn out to his 
reaching. The Rev. Enoch Mudge, of Orrington, and 
Lev. Thomas Williams, who was pastor at Brewer post- 
ffice in 1813, preached a part of the time in the East 
Irewer pioneer school-house. This was built in 1803, 
nd used for religious as well as educational purposes 
ntil 1829, when the first church edifice in this quarter 
^as erected. The previous year there was an extensive 
';vival hereabout, which led to the formation of a church 
November 11, 1828. It was known as "the Second 
''ongregational Church of Brewer" until 1839. The 
ministers settled over this church, in order of service, 
ere the Rev. Messrs. \\'. W. Niles, Charles R. Fiske, A. 
. Whitman, J. R. Munsell (who remained twelve years), 
. Southworth, J. S. Cogswell, and E. C. Crane. The 
tter is the present incumbent of the pulpit. The 
.oneer John Farrington was the first Deacon of this 
iiurch, appointed during the month next after its or- 
inization : and he served it in this capacity honorably 
id acceptably fifteen years, or until his death. 

This is still the only religious society in Holden. 

•EDUCAT10N.\L. 

The children of the pioneers were at first, and for 
any years, gathered in an informal way for private 
struction at the dwellings. The first regular school was 
cld in a rough, unfinished room at Deacon Farrington's 
tjuse in 1799, and was taught by John \\'ilkins. Four 
:ars afterwards, as before noted, the first school-house 
ks built. 
' There are now in Holden eight school districts, and 

many school-houses. 

SOCIETIES. 

I'he first temperance organization in this region was 
rmed soon after the Congregational church, and at a 
|ne when organized temperance sentiment was a very 
:ire thing anywhere in'the land. Its date was December 
i 1828, and its place of birth the Wiswell School Dis- 
jCt. Other associations of the kind were subsequently 
irnned; and it is a record eminently creditable in the 
story of the town that it has never been without a tem- 
;rance society. The present organization, Holden Di- 



vision, Sons of Temperance, was instituted November 6, 
1866. 

The Union Star Grange, No. 168, Patrons of Hus- 
bandry, also in this town, was organized May 5, 1875. 

BUSINESS. 

Dr. Joseph Fogg w-as a practicing physician here for 
nearly half a century — forty-five years. There is still but 
one resident doctor in the town. Two persons keep 
general stores, and one firm are grocers. The Holden 
Steam Mill Company manufactured lumber here for a 
number of years, and one person is still running a saw- 
mill. There is a tannery at George's Corners. One 
firm are turning out carriages and smith-work ; and there 
are two smiths besides. 

TOWN OFFICERS FOR 1881. 

Benjamin F. Farrington, Charles Wiswell, F. K. Hart, 
selectmen ; A. B. Farrington, town clerk ; Henry T. 
Hart, treasurer and collector ; F. K. Hart, constable ; 
George C. Wiswell, school supervisor ; F. K. Hart, .A. 
B. Farrington (quorum), justices. 

BIOGR.\PHlr.AL. 

The following notice is included in the Roll of Honor 
of Bowdoin College, of the students and graduates during 
the late war : 

Class of 1842. — Charles M. Blake, born in Holden, 
December, 1819; Principal of a school for young ladies 
in Philadelphia several years ; entered service as Chap- 
lain ; was Captain United States Colored Troops : Hos- 
pital Chaplain, United States Artillery. 

Benjamin Farrington was born in Holden in the year 
1792, and lived in this place until his death in 1844. 
He was through life a mechanic and farmer. His wife 
was Betsey Brastow ; she was born in Holden in the 
year 1793, where she died at the age of seventy-nine 
years. Benjamin F. Farrington was born in Holden in 
the year 1823, and has always made this town his home. 
He was the fourth child in the family : Eliza Ann, dead; 
Alden B., Nancy B., Susan E., Billings B., Thomas F., 
Charlotte C. Mr. Farrington's early educational advan- 
tages were very good for the time. While a youth his 
business was millman and farmer. He was first married 
to Laura A. Fisher, of Bangor, November 20, 185 1, and 
has one son now living. His second marriage was to 
Nancy J. Fisher, of Holden, May 22, 1862. His busi- 
ness since his marriage has been farming. He is now 
first Selectman ; was on the Board of Selectmen several 
years before ; also President of the Steam Mill company. 

The subject of this sketch. Philander L. Pond's father, 
was born at Wrentham, Massachusetts, in 1776, and lived 
there until he was about twenty-one years of age, when 
he moved to Holden, Maine, and lived here until he died 
at the age of seventy-eight years. His business through 
life was that of shoemaker and farmer ; his name, Abia 
Pond. His wife was Cynthia Clewley, born in Holden 
in the year 1787, where she lived until her death in the 
year 1857. Philander L. Pond was born at Holden in 
181 7, May 23; he was the fifth child in the family: Har- 
vey, William C, Increase S., Benjamin B., Mary E., 



386 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Nancy C, Silas N., Isaac C, Julia R., Angelina M. 
The early educational advantages of Mr. Pond were the 
common schools. While a youth he worked at farming. 
He was married in 1842 to Emily W. Billington, and has 
six children : Albert A„ married to Celia A. Criffin, and 
has one son. Gideon F., unmarried ; his home is transient. 
Henry !>., unmarried : home in Minneapolis, Minnesota. 
Marcia J., unmarried ; Sarah, unmarried ; Myra A. F., 
unmarried. Mr. Pond is a farmer and carpenter ; he 
has been postmaster of the town for tliirteen years and 
still continues in the same office. 

Eli Kingsbury was born in the town of Holden in the 
year 1813, on the 21st day of June. He was the fifth 
child in the family, and has had two brothers and two 
sisters — Charles, dead; Willard ; Nancy, dead; Julia. 
Mr. Kingsbury's early educational advantages were very 
poor. His business while a youth was shoemaking. 
He was married to Miss Rebecca B. Morse in the year 
1843. They have three children living — Susan L., mar- 
ried Abrua P. I.evenseller, and has five children, all liv- 
ing ; Marilla, married to George B. Glover, and has two 
children living ; Nathan G., married to Lura Orcutt, has 
three children, all living. Mr. Kingsbury's children all 
reside at home. His business since his marriage has 
been farming. He has held some of the town offices. 

Russell Hart was born in Walpole, Massachusetts, 
where he lived five years, and then with his father moved 
to the town of Holden, where he lived until his death, 
.September 26, 1877, at the age of eighty-three years. 
His business through life was lumbering and farming. 
His wife was ^Vcltha Brilton, born in Raynham, Massa- 
chusetts, m the year 1798, where she lived until her mar- 
riage, and then came to Holden. She died April 6, 
1 88 1, aged eighty-three years, five months, and twenty- 
four days. AVilliam Jacob Hart was the youngest child 
in the family. He was born in Holden in 1840. The 
other children were Russell, N. B., Weltha, Maria, Eme- 
line L., Edwin J., Ann S., Andrew J., Henry B., Adaliad 
S., and William J. 'William J. Hart was married to 
May H. Gowen the 24th day of March, 1865 ; her father's 
name was Reuben Gowen ; her mother's maiden name 
Olive Hanson. By this union they had four children — 
Mary H., Susan, Fannie H., and Lizzie O. Mr. and 
Mrs. Hart have two children living — Susie M., not mar- 
ried, and Herbert R., both of whom reside at home. 

Adomiram J. Rogers was born in Holden in 1820, and 
died in the same town in 1862. His business through 
life was a farmer and drover. His wife was Lucy Ann 
Jones, born in Holden in 1825, and married in 1844. 
She survives her husband, at the age of fifty-six. Fred 
M. was born in the year 1845. He was the oldest child 
in the family. The others were Lucy L. and Harry W. 
Mr. Rogers's early educational advantages were the com- 
mon school, which he attended until he was eighteen years 
of age. A\'liile a youth he was a farmer. He was mar- 
ried to Sarah J. Stuart the 8th of February, 187 1. His 
wife's father's name was Simon Stuart; her mother's 
name was Dorcas T. Malona; the names of her brothers 
and sisters were Colin M., Theresa A,, John A., Samuel 
F^,' Fred A., William S., Simon H., Frank N. Mr. and 



Mrs. Rogers have by this union had two children — Veni;' 
T. and Arthur V. — who reside at home. His busines ' 
since his marriage has been that of merchant, drover, anc 
farmer. He has been Third Selectman two years. Col 
lector and Treasurer two years. { 

John Fisher Robinson was born in Holden, Maine! 
on the 26th of March, 1821, and lived in Holden unti 
his death, which occurred on the 20th of January, 1876^ 
He was a farmer and lumberman. His wife was Marvi 
L. Blake, born in Holden in the year 1824, and livei 
here until her death in the year 1877, aged about fift) 
three years. They were married September 12, 1847 
John Preston was the oldest child in the family. H 
has one brother, Charles Blake Robinson, married t 
Miss Fannie H. Griffin. Mr. Robinson's early educal 
tional advantages were pretty good at the commo ' 
school of the town. His business while a youth wa 
farming. He was married to Mrs. Fannie H. Breed ij 
the year 1874. His wife's father's name was Reube ! 
Gorven, his mother Olive Hanson, who has children a' 
follows: Susan, Lizzie, Mary, William, and Olive. M] 
Robinson is engaged as a stock drover and farmer. Hi 
has been Collector and Treasurer of the town for on 
year. 

Daniel M. Spofford, son of Dr. Amos Spofford, i; 
Georgetown, Massachusetts, was born in Georgetow 
about the year 1775, where he lived until 1839, when 1; 
moved to Dedham, Maine. There he died January rj 
1842, aged about sixty-five years. His business throuji 
life was farming and stone-masonry. His wife was Ha , 
nah Spofford, daughter of Jacob Spofford. They we j 
married January 19, 1S14. Walter K. Spofford was tlj 
youngest child in the family, which comprised Harrit 
('aroline M., Charles S., Emma C, Hattie, dead; Myro , 
dead; Winslow P., died in the army. Walter K. w;,| 
born January 2, 1819. His business while a youth w;;, 
farming. He was married to Mary M. Hart on the iQli 
of May, 1842. Her parents were Jacob Hart, Jr., anij 
Nancy Farrington, daughter of Deacon John Farringtor; 
They have had by tiiis union two children, both living 
Charles B., married to Josie A. Wilson, has no childrciji 
Marcia E., not married, and resides in Holden. | 

The father of Thomas McLaughlin was born in ],o, 
donderry, Ireland in 17(6, and came to Sheffield, Ne? 
Brunswick, where he lived ten or twelve years, and thet 
moved to the town of Tay Creek, where he died February ; 
1880, aged 84 years. His wife was Esther Campbe. 
born in County .A.utrim, Ireland, aud died in New Brunf 
wick February 7, 1880, aged 93 years. Their childrf'; 
were John, Joseph A., Robert S., .'Archibald, and 'i'honw!: 
The latter was born in Sheffield, New Ihunswick, in 182; 
When twenty years of age he came to Massachusett 
and a year and a half later settled in Brewer. There 1 
remained seven or eight years, when he went to Dedhar, 
and seventeen years later came to Holden, where he nof 
lives. He was married to Nancy J. Trueworthy, an 
has four children : Ella P., Emma P., Esther D., an 
Charles A. Ella married Jonas Frye ; Emma raarriel 
Charles Thompson, and Esther D. married Charles Km 
ley. 



HOWLAND. 



Kowland town occupies a unique position, above all 
other towns in the county— not only as being at the 
mouth of the most important tributary of the Penob- 
scot, but as lying between the Penobscot and a corner 
'of the county. No other town thus bridges over the 
'space between the noble river and any territory that is 
foreign to Penobscot. Its favorable situation, especially 
with reference to the rivers, must some time make it a 
populous and prosperous tovvn. It is situated twenty- 
two miles north of Bangor, the western part of Hovvland 
being nearly due north of the eastern part of Bangor. 

Howland is bounded on the north and northwest by 
Maxfield; on the northeast by Mattamiscontis; on the 
'east by the Penobscot, beyond which lies Enfield; on the 
south by Edinburg and a very narrow strip of Lagrange; 
and on the west by Lagrange. .\t the northwest corner 
'it is touched by the town of Medford, in Piscataquis 
'county. Its boundaries, e.xcept on the river side, are 
in five straight lines. That on the northeast is not quite 
joneand two-thirds miles long; on the northwest five and 
one-fourth; on the north, between Howland and Max- 
field, a little less than one mile; on the west two and 
'two-thirds miles; on the south, a continuous line from 
'l^ngrange to the river, nearly five and one-sixth miles. 
The greatest length of the town, from the north corner 
to the south line, is six and five-sixths miles; the great- 
jest width, from the corner on Piscataquis county, straight 
Ho the Penobscot, is six and one-eighth miles. The 
width from the northeast corner, on the Penobscot, 
straight across, is about four miles. 

\ number of the islands, already noted as off the west 
iront of Enfield, are in the river opposite Howland, as 
(iordon. Pine, and several others. Moon Island is just 
above the northeast corner. 

The chief water of Howland is of course the Penob- 
^scot, which needs no further description. The banks of 
ithe river, in this [)art of its course, are low and very 
■beautiful. It is joined in this town by the well-known 
river Piscataquis, which gives the name to the county 
through which it mainly flows. This stream has several 
■headwaters in the west of that co«jity, and flows with a 
'general easterly direction to the border of Penobscot, 
'where it makes its way eastward throuh Maxfield, and in 
ja winding southeasterly course about five miles through 
'Howland to the larger stream at Howland village. About 
a dozen islands — three of them of some size, and one at 
least half a mile long — are in the upper part of its 
[course through Howland.' It receives in this town the 
'Little Seboois .Stream, outlet of the Little Seboois Lake, 
flowing a very little way in Howland from the northwest 
part of the pond, then in Maxfield about two miles, tak- 



ing there the waters of the Seboois Stream, and flowing 
one mile in Howland to the Piscatai|uis just at the head 
of the islands. The Little Seboois Lake, out of which 
this tributary flow-s, is a beautiful sheet of water half a 
mile south of the north corner of the town, wholly with- 
in the limits of Howland, a mile and a half long by an 
average of half a mile broad. A third of a mile east of 
it passes another and larger Seboois Stream, which rises 
in Township No. 3, flows across the northeast angle of 
Maxfield and the southwest corner of Mattamiscontis, 
from which it receives a small tributary a little below the 
Howland line, and thence flows southward three miles to 
the Piscatacjuis below the islands. Almost immediately 
at the foot of the islands, from the southward, comes in 
the Meadow Brook, which half a mile from its mouth is 
formed by the union of the North and South Branches, 
the former of which rises on the Maxfield line, and flows 
south of east two miles to the junction. The latter 
heads very near the other, but flows south two miles, 
then, receiving a tiny affluent, makes a semi-circular 
bend, near the end of which it has another tributary, 
this from the north, and runs thence to the union with 
the North Branch — a total course of about five miles. 
Crossing the northeast angle of the tow-n is the Gordon 
Brook, which rises in Townships No. 2 and 3, and runs 
across Mattamiscontis and this corner a mile and a half 
in Howland to the mouth on the Penobscot opposite 
Gordon's Island. Close to its mouth a small brook from 
the westward reaches it. Two-thirds of a mile below, 
on the Howland side, begins the curved channel for logs 
and lumber known as " Merrill Run Round," which is 
about two miles long, a third of a mile distant from the 
river at the middle of the arc, and re-enters the river at 
Pine Island. When a little more than half-way round, 
the Mile Brook, so named from its length, connects the 
Run Round with the Piscataquis. On the south side of 
this river near its mouth, opposite Howland village, a 
natural channel called "EUerson Run Round" courses a 
mile and a half to the Penobscot near the southeast 
corner of the tovvn. Across the opposite or southwest 
corner runs a short section of Hoyt Brook, which makes 
thence into Edinburg. 

The needs of the people of Howland have yet called 
for few roads. The western river highway traverses its 
east side the whole length of the town, with a break, 
however, at the mouth of the Piscataquis, but crossing 
the Ellerson and Merrill Run Round.s. Just south of 
that river it sends a branch up the southwest bank into 
Maxfield and Piscataquis counties, and another westward, 
which at the town line joines the Bunker Hill road, 
which comes down from Maxfield and runs about half a 

387 



388 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



mile across the angle of Howland. From Howland vil- 
lage another highway runs near the northeast bank of the 
Piscataquis into Maxfield and beyond. Nearly four 
miles from the village, at the school-house, it sends a 
branch route up the Scboois, on the cast side of the lake, 
across the corners of Mattamisconiis and Maxfield, into 
Township No. 2. 

Howland village is at the junction of the Piscataquis 
with the Penobscot River, nearly one and a half miles 
above the southeast corner of the town, and a mile below 
Pine Island. Here are the town post-office. School No. 
2, two stores, a saw-mill, a hotel, a shop or two, and a 
cemetery a little north of the village. Settlements are 
scattered somewhat thinly for a short distance north 
and south of it, but the denser population is on 
the Piscataquis road in the west of the town, between 
the Seboois and the Little Seboois Streams. 

The surface of Howland is varied— somewhat high and 
broken in places, but with rich intervales along the noble 
rivers which traverse its territory. The agricultural ca- 
pabilities of the town are therefore quite superior to 
those of some otlier towns in the county. 

EARLY HISTORY. 

Some time before the year 1820, Major William Ham- 
mett, of Massachusetts, and one William Emerson, pur- 
chased this tract of the State in which the former had 
his home. By 1820 a number of settlers were already 
upon its soil. The following list of Howland pioneers, 
for the first ten years of its civilized history, has been 
made up: 

Came m 1818 — John Bryer, John Hook, Jeremiah 
Douglass, Jacob Doe. 

1819 — Jeremiah Fifield, Jonathan Chase, Charles 
Davis, William Douglass. 

1820 — Joseph Emery, Levi Lancaster, Dennis Car- 
penter. 

1821 — Joshua Carpenter, Thomas Tourtillott, Bart 
Moulton. 

1822 — John Babcock. 

1823 — John Smart, Duty Inmaii, r)aniel Inman, 
Stephen Tourtillott. 

1824 — John Shaw, William Hammett, William C. 
Hammett, Rufus Atkinson, Moses Emerson, John Haley, 
William R. Miller, Tristram Scammon, and James Mer- 
rill. 

1828— William S. Lee. 

Major Hammett, one of the original proprietors and of 
the colonists of 1824, was a strong man and valued citi- 
zen, reputed to be of Puritan blood and closely allied 
by descent to the Pilgrim Fathers. 

The Hon. William C. Hammett was son of the Major. 
He became conspicuous as a politician and an office- 
holder, serving as Representative in the State Legislature, 
as Collector of Customs at Bangor during Genera! Tay- 
lor's administration, and in various other prominent pub- 
lic positions, holding one or another of them until near 
his death in 1876. 

Hon. William R. Miller, also of the immigration of 
1824, became a large property-holder in this region, in- 



vesting largely in timber lands and mill property. He 
was for a time a member of the State Legislature. 

Col. William S. Lee, the only colonist of 1828 whose 
name has been preserved, obtained his military rank in 
the State militia. He was also a Representative in the 
State Legislatnre, and was otherwise a prominent citizen. 

It will be seen thus that Howland for its population 
has had a large share of intelligent and successful resi- 
dents. 

ORGANIZATION, ETC. 

Howland was erected as a town February 10, 1826. 
Plymouth was the only other town in this county incor- 
porated the same year. 

The last census taken before the incorporation of 
Howland — that of 1820 — reckoned it with Maxfield, 
and found the population of both to be 150. In 1830 
the former town had 329, and the latter 186, a proportion 
of about 16 109. It thus appears that when Maxfield 
was erected in 1824, or Howland in 1826, that the latter 
must have had the larger population, as it has had most 
of the time since. In 1840 it had 322 people; in 1850, 
214; in i860, 174; in 1870,176; and in 1880, 137. 

The number of polls in i860 was 46, in 1870 41, and 
42 in 1880. Estates the same years, $34,629, $40,665, 
and $30,343. 

The first minister to preach regularly in Howland was 
Elder Elias McGregor, a Baptist, who was settled about 
1S39. 

Lumbering was formerly a large and brisk business in 
this town, and there is still an immense amount of boom- 
ing and driving annually upon the rivers within its bor- 
ders. A general store is kept at the post-office. 

The officers of Howland for 1881 were: A. H. Wey- 
mouth, W. C. Hill, N. Emery, Selectmen; H. N. Wey- 
mouth, Town Clerk; F. Davis, Treasurer; W. C. Hill, 
O. C. Sweat, Constables; W. C. Hill, School Supervisor; 
E. R. Bailey, A. H. Weymouth (Quorum), Justices. 

Mr. Weymouth is the Postmaster of the town. 

Mr. Japhet Emery, of Howland, is a son of Joseph and 
Lydia Emery {/itr Lydia Bryer). Joseph Emery was a 
son of Jotham Emery, who came to Maxfield from Shap 
leigh, Maine, about 1822 or 1823. Joseph and Lydia 
Emery had seven children, viz.: Betsey E., Deborah, 
Lucretia, Ada, Bethiah, Japhet, and Lydia. Mr. Emery 
always followed the business of farming. He died in 
Maxfield in 1865. Mrs. Emery is still living with her 
son in Maxfield. Japhet Emery was born April 26, 
1838, in Howland. Here he has always lived, and fol- 
lowed farming for a business. He married Roxannah 
Sawyer, daughter of *?ndrew and Harriet Sawyer (rtee 
Harriet Lombard). The Sawyer family in this county 
spring from two brothers, who came from England. One 
settled in the West, and the other, named David, settled 
in Maine and raised up five sons, viz.: David, Joel, 
John, Abner, and William, and two daughters — Sally and 
EUeanor. The son Joel had ten children, named El- 
leanor, Joel, Hepsibeth, Andrew S., Nancy, Polly, Betsey, 
Daniel, Hannah, and Tristram. Andrew S. was father 
of fourteen children — Alphia, Joel, Edmund, Luther, 
Andrew, Freeman, Thomas, Elizabeth, Arthur, Marshall, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



389 



' Daniel, Ruth, Gorham, and Ira. Andrew Sawyer had 
seven children — Roxannah, wife of J. Emery; Franklin 
L., Ether C. G., A. Freeman. Hattie A., Andrew Y., and 
VVanietta. Mr. and Mrs. Emery have two children — 
Ralph Wald and Harriet L. Mr. Emery owns a good 
farm of one hundred and sixty acres, located on the bank 
of the Piscataquis River. He has served as Town Treas- 
urer of his town. 

Mr. Emory R. Bailey, of Howland, is a son of James 
and Elizabeth Bailey, who came from New Brunswick 
to Phillips, Maine, in an early day. They had nine chil- 
dren, viz.: James A., Eliza A., Henry E., Rebecca, 
.\bner S., Catharine, Mary A, John C, and Emory R. 
Mr. Bailey moved from Phillips to Howland many years 
ago. He died in 1861. He was a farmer. Emory R. 
Bailey was born July 8, 1S31, in Phillips, Maine. He 
came to Howland when a lad with his father. On be- 
coming ot age he settled on the old place, and lived a few 
yeais. He was also engaged in trade two years. Mr. 
Bailey has followed farming more than any other busi- 
ness. He married for his first wife Anna S. Harden, by 
whom he had two children^— Edgar, deceased, and Anna, 
also deceased. Mrs. Bailey and both children died in 
1857, with diphtheria. Mr. Bailey married for his second 
wife Miss Frances Emerson. They had three children, 
viz., Harry J., Fred A., and Grace H. Mr. Bailey has 
held prominent town offices, having been on the Board 
of Selectmen several terms, and Town Clerk for seventeen 
years in succession, and Justice for fifteen years. 

, Moses Emerson, grandfather of John Emerson, came 

) over to this country from England with two brothers. 
The three came with their father, whose name is not now 
known by John. Moses settled first in Haverhill, Mas- 
sachusetts, and afterward in Durham, Maine. Two 01 
his sons, John and William, came to Bangor. Moses 
Emerson was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He 
was a Commissary, and died soon after the declaration 
of independence, in Philadelphia. He married Lydia 
Burnham, who died in Duiham, New Hampshire, in 
1823, aged seventy-seven. John Emerson died Octo- 
ber 4, 1822, aged forty-four years. William died in 
March, i860, aged eighty-two years, both unmarried. 

I The surviving members of the family are Moses Emer- 
son, Howland, Maine, Mrs. Samuel, of Orono, Albert, 
of Bangor, Louisa, now in Holyoke, Massachusetts, 
I.ydia B., John, residing in Howland, Susan, wife of Mr. 
Griffin, Boston, Massachusetts, Mrs. Caroline E. Young. 



of Bangor, and George W., of Nevada. John Emerson 
is unmarried. He was born in Durham, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1815. He lost his sense of hearing at the age 
of four years, by scarlet fever, and is therefore not able 
to talk, though he is a very intelligent man. When four- 
teen years of age he attended the American Asylum for 
the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Connecticut, where he 
was graduated in 1838. The same year he came to 
Howland and settled as a farmer. The writer found him 
gathering in his fine crop of corn and apples, and thought 
as he left him what a grand thing schools for the deaf 
and dumb are. Tnis man's life would have been a blank 
but for such a school. 

Mr. William C. Hill, of Howland, is a son of William 
and Abigail Hill (lu-e Abigail Dennett). William Hill was 
a native of Waterboro, Maine, a son of John Hill, a 
Revolutionary soldier. He had four children, viz: Wil. 
Ham C; Mary, widow of the late William Lowell, of St. 
Paul, Minnesota; Melinda, now Mrs. Levi Newcomb, of 
Oldtown, Maine; John, now of California. Mr. Hill is 
now living, being eighty-seven years of age. He has 
always been a farmer. He now makes his home with 
William C, in Howland. Mrs. Hill died in 1872, Wil- 
liam C. Hill was born July 22, 1825. He received a 
common school education and first settled in Lowell, 
Massachusetts, where he married Susan L. Abbott, of 
Bangor, daughter of Joseph and Sally Abbott. Mr. Hill 
made a voyage to California in 1849, and spent about a 
year, engaged in mining, hunting, and exploring. Re- 
turning from California he made a voyage around the 
world, and returned to New York City and engaged in 
box manufacturing. Went to Lowell in 1852 and worked 
four years as foreman of their river work for O. Allen & 
Co. In 1856 he moved to Bangor and engaged in farm- 
ing for six years, when he sold out and moved to How- 
land. In 1S64 he made a tour through the \\'estern 
States and returned to Howland, where he has since 
lived. He owns a fine farm on the Piscataquis, of 103 
acres. He made veterinary surgery a study, and has 
been very successful in its practice. He is very fond of 
hunting, and has killed fifty-two bears since he lived in 
Howland. Mr. Hill has held most of the prominent 
town offices, and is now on the Board of Selectmen, Su- 
pervisor of Schools, and Constable. In 1879 he was 
elected to the House of Representatives, and again in 
1880, on the Greenback ticket. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have 
no children, but have one adopted daughter, Annie. 



HUDSON 



Hudson is an even township of thirty-six square miles, 
conveniently situated six miles north .of Bangorj by the 
cast line of (llenburn, seven and one-half miles from 
the Penobscot River, and but three and a half miles 
at the northeast corner from the Bangor & Piscat- 
aquis Railroad. Its neighbor on the north is Bradford, 
which alone separates it from Orneville, Piscataquis 
county; on the east are Alton and a short breadth of 
Oldtown; on the south a little more of Oldtown, the 
whole uiiper width of (Henburn, and about half of 
Kenduskeag; and on the west Corinth. It is beautifully 
regular in its formation, each of its sides being an even 
six miles in length. 

The Little Pushaw Pond is the only water of size that 
lies wholly within the town. It lies in the northwest an- 
gle of Hudson, with its northwestern extremity three- 
fourths of a mile below the north line and but one-fourth 
of a mile from the west boundary. It stretches east of 
south one and a half miles long, and two thirds of a mile 
in greatest breadth. The easternmost outline of this 
pond has a singular resemblance to a grotesque face, 
with a proboscis of a nose and an exaggerated mouth. A 
tributary one mile long conies in from Corinth at the 
northwestern extremity; and for some three miles across 
the northeast angle of Corinth and a mile in Hudson the 
Bear Brook comes in at the ojiposite extiemity or foot of 
the lake, receiving a little before reaching the lake the 
West Ikook from its heads two miles south, and at the 
pond receiving an outlet as the Pushaw Stream in its 
upper section. This runs southeasterly across the town 
four and a half miles to the head of Pushaw Lake. 
About midway of its course at Hudson village, it receives 
from Bradford and the central north of Hudson the 
waters of the Mohawk Brook, which is joined by the 
Forbes Brook a mile below the town line. Further down 
the stream receives three small affluents from the north ; 
and above Hudson village half a mile the Beaver Brook 
comes in, flowing north from Glenburn entirely across 
the central south half of the town. One and a half 
miles west of this is a two-mile tributary to the Bakei 
Brook, which itself flows for half a mile across the south- 
west corner of this town. In the middle eastern part of 
Hudson heads a small affluent of the main Pushaw 
Stream. At the southeast of the ujiper section of Pushaw 
Lake, in this town, a tributary comes in from Old- 
town. 

The part of this famous sheet of water which lies in 
Hudson is two miles long, one and one-eighth miles in 
greatest breadth, and one-fourth of a mile at its narrow- 
est on the neck connecting it, near the southeast corner 
of the town, with the main sheet of the lake. It is a 
390 



superb stretch of water, adding not a little to the attrac 
tions of the towns in which it lies. 

Although Hudson is so near to Bangor, to the Penob- 
scot, and to the railroad, it is as yet rather sparsely 
inhabited, especially in the northeast quarter. The 
principal road is the old stage-route from Bangor across 
(ilenburn and through Hudson in a generally north 
course to and into Bradford. One and a half miles west 
of north from Hudson village, a branch highway strikes 
off northwest to a point near the northwest corner of the 
town, where it turns to the southwest, and joins a through 
north and south road in the east of Coritith. A mile 
from its point of departure it sends off a north road into 
Bradford, and, about a mile and a half further, another 
into the same town. Between these roads, one-third of 
a mile from the former, is School No. 4. Half a mile 
south of Hudson village a road begin.s, which runs due 
west past School No. 2, and southwest beyond the town 
line, to the South Corinth post-office. One and a half 
miles further south, at School No. 3, anotlier westward 
road starts off, which two and a fourth miles to the west, at 
School No. 5, crosses a north and south road from the 
highway last before mentioned about due south into 
Glenburn. A mile further it has the terminus of another 
north and south road simply connecting the two east and 
west roads, and beginning on the other at School No. 2 
over half a mile from the town line. Near the southern 
end of this the main road angles southwestward, across 
the corner of Corinth into Kenduskeag. One-fourth of 
a mile before reaching the town line, a southeast road, 
making an angle to the east at School No. 6, connects 
with the north and :,outh road crossing at School No. 6. 
At Hudson village an important east and west road 
comes in from Orono, across Oldtown and an angle of 
Alton, receiving another near a church hard upon the 
town line, coming down through Alton from the north- 
east. About half-way across it passes School No. 7. 

Hudson village is on the Pushaw Stream, no great dis- 
tance from the mouth of Beaver Brook on the west, and 
its eastern edge at the mouth of Mohawk Brook. The 
place is very happily situated, at the exact geographical 
centre of the town. It has the only post-office in Hud- 
son, a saw-mill, a shingle-mill, and a saw- and shingle- 
mill, two stores, cooper and other shops. Some shops 
are also found in other parts of the town, as at School 
No. 3, and midway between that and Hudson village. 

The soil in Hudson is rather stony and hard, but fur- 
nishes much good grass and hay for stock. Formerly 
the valuable timber on the lands proni]ited most of the 
inhabitants to engage in lumbering ; but of late years the 
tendency has been rather to the pursuits of agriculture. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



361 



Notwithstanding the existence of several mills at the vil- | 
lage, but one person in the town has of late been reported 
as occupied in manufacturing lumber. 

The 'township which constitutes Hudson was purchased 
at an early day, of the State of Massachusetts, by ^\'il- 
liani Sullivan, of Boston. In 1800 white settlement began 
to arrive and locate. Messrs. Luke Wilder^ Wareham 
Kriggs, David Pierce, Tristram Warner, and others, were 
among the first settlers. It was long before the growth of 
the settlement warranted even the erection of a planta- 
tion; but after about a quarter of a century, in 1824, the 
tract was incorporated under the name of Jackson Plan- 
tation. It did not long remain in the transition stage, j 
however; but the very ne.xt year, February 25, 1825, it 
became a full-fledged town, though not under its present 
name. It was called "Kirklaiid," and subsisted under 
this title for nearly thirty years, or until 1854, when by 
legislative resolve it took its present name of "Hud- 
son."^ 

In 1810 the township had 54 persons within its bounds; 
in 1820 it had 72. Kirkland town had 249 in 1830, 351 
in 1840, and 717 in 1S50. In i860 Hudson coni|irised 
771 people, 739 in 1870, and 659 in 1880. 

The polls of Hudson counted 159 in i860, 152 in 
1870, and 185 in 1880. 

The valuation of the estates of the town for these 
years, respectively, was $70,360, $101,497, and $93,806. 

One hotel is kept in the town — the Hudson House. 
Ky the reports to the Maine Register for 1881, Hudson 
had one lumber manufacturer, one carriage- and one 
cabinet-maker, one shoemaker, two smiths, one butcher, 
two general stores, and one roal-dealer. 

The officers of the town for 1881 were: Henry W. 
Hriggs, David Potter, (leorge I. Smith, Selectmen; Hen- 
ry \V. Hriggs, Town Clerk; Joseph Coodwin, Treasurer; 
Eiihu B. Colomy, Josejih Robbins, Samuel A. Goodwin, 
Constables; Andrew J. I'ierce, Collector; George W. 
Howe, School Supervisor; George \V. Howe, Henry M. 



Beale, B. F. Brookings, H. "W. Briggs (( luorum), George 
W. Howe (Trial), Justices. 

^Ir. H. M. Beale is Postmaster. A sketch of his life 
and family is subjoined. 

Hon. Charles Beale was born in Kennebec county, 
1806. He married Laura Chandler, of Minot, and came 
to Penobscot county about the year 1857, and settled in 
Bangor, where he remained about three years. In 1840 
he catne to Hudson and settled on the farm now owned 
by Isaiah Davis. He has followed the business of lum- 
bering and trading, and is still engaged in the lumber 
business. Has held the otifice of Selectman, Clerk, and 
Treasurer of the town of Hudson for many years. He 
also represented his class in the Maine Legislature three 
terms, and has been twice elected State Senator of his 
district. In politics he is a Republican. He is the 
father of seven children; Llewellyn C, died in Hudson; 
Henry M., married Laura E. Briggs and lives in Hud- 
son; Howard C, died in Hudson; Everett P., lives in 
Corinth; Mary J., lives in Hudson, and Emma, died in 
Hudson. Henry M , was born in Hudson in 1838, where 
he received a common school education. He also attended 
the academies at Bucksport and Hampden. In 1858 he 
went to Washington Ti'a the Isthmus, where he engaged 
in mining and trading and where he remained ten 
years, when he returned to his native place and pur- 
chased an interest in a store in company with H. W. 
Briggs, where he remained two years He was afterwards 
in com])any with L. K. \\'ebber two years, and in 1875 
built the store in which he is now doing business, and 
purchased a new stock of dry goods, notions, &:c. In 
187 1 he was appointed ]jostmaster under Grant's ad- 
ministration, and has held the office up to the present 
time; has also held the office of Selectman two terms 
and the office of Town Clerk seven years. In 1880 he 
married Laura E. Briggs, a native of Bangor. In poli- 
tics is a Republican. 



KENDUSKEAG. 



Kenduskeag enjoys the singular honor of being thi 
smallest town in the county, with the exception of X'eazie 
and perhaps of Brewer and Mattamiscontis. It was 
funned in 1852, by cutting into the towns of Glenburn 
and Levant, which were each about an even townshi]i, 
and making from the eastern part of the latter and the 
western part of the former a new town. A slightly larger 
section, however, was cut from ( llenburii, the south line 



of Kenduskeag on that side (h'opping just one hundred 
rods below the south line of the Levant section. Ivich 
section is in the shape of a parallelogram, and they are 
very nearly equal in width. The north line of the town 
is four and a half miles long ; the east line four miles ; 
the west line, as already noted, one hundred rods shorter; 
and the south line, measuring in the sides of the angles 
at the break on the Levant and Crlenburn line, nearly 



392 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



five miles, although this part of the town is no wider 

than the north part. 

Kenduskeag is bounded on the north by Hudson ; 
on the east by Glenburn ; on the south by Glenburn 
and Levant; and on the west by Levant. It is but 
two miles from Bangor, from corner to corner. It con- 
tains but about twenty-one square miles, or 13,440 acres, 
" more or less.'' 

The principal water of this town is the imjjortant Ken- 
duskeag Stream, which gives the town its name. It 
intersects it completely in a course of nearly five miles, 
somewhat winding, but generally east of south. It 
enters about a mile from the northwest corner, and very 
near Higginsville, flows through that place and Kendus- 
keag village, nearly in the centre of the town, and out 
into Glenburn nearly one and a half miles from the 
southeast corner, returning into Kenduskeag after a short 
curve in Glenburn, and at'ter a mile's further course mak- 
ing a final exit from the town one hundred rods above 
the southeast corner. Three quarters of a mile before 
its former departure from Kenduskeag it receives the 
waters of the Baker Brook, flowing from Hudson for 
about a mile a little below the north line of Kenduskeag, 
and thence almost due south, with a general distance of 
a mile from the east line of the town. About as far 
below the north line it is e.\panded into a good-sized 
mill-pond by the shingle-mill at the lower end of the 
pond. Fifty or sixty rods below the mouth of Baker 
Brook, on the other or west side, the Kenduskeag takes 
in the Nolan Brook, which heads in the western central 
part of the town, and flows southeast and south of east 
a little more than three miles to its mouth. Nearly 
across the northwest angle of Kenduskeag, for a north- 
east course of about one and a half miles, the Evelith 
Brook, heading in the central north part of Levant, 
makes its way to the stream, emptying its waters about 
one-third of a mile below the north line. These are all 
the streams of Kenduskeag worth mention. 

The following pleasing poetical sketch, relating to a 
point upon the principal stream of this town, although 
not within its limits, may fitly find place here. It was con- 
tributed some time ago by Mr. VV. H. Rice, to the Bos- 
ton Journal : 

IHK. lover's leap.— .\ LEGEND. 

[From the waters of the Kenduskeag, (lowing through Bangor, there 
rises to a great height a massive cHff, the brow of which overhangs the 
stream, and vvhich has long been known as "Lover's Leap."l 
.\down in the bosom of Maine, ■ 

Where Kenduskeag still flows thro' ll)e hills. 
In the days when the Indian held reign 

We're given this legend that thrills 
The listener's heart. 

Long ago, 
When the settler hrst paddled this stream. 
Long ere the vast woods were laid low. 
And the red man awoke from his dream,— 

The smoke circled up to the sky 

From a wigwam where lived Raven Hair; 
There were none of the band but would die 

For the sake of this maiden most fair, — 
For the love of the chief's only child. 

Though twenty brief summers had flown, 
C>n no brave of the band had she smiled. 

But to all her young heart was as stone. 



The father oft grieved as he thought 

Of his daughter so cold and so proud, 
-And entreated to better her lot, — 

Yield her heart and her hand to White Cloud; 
But coldly she bowed the fair head 

.■\nd answered his wishes with "nay;' 
For she'd promised another to wed, 

.\nd she begged the stern chief to say "yea." 

"^ly daughter, what stranger has won 

The pride of thy father's brave band?" 
She answered — "The settler — the son 

Of the paleface — the brave Iron Hand. " 
The fierce warriors stole forth that same night 

To the town wiiere the villagers lav; 
But swifter than they in her flight 

Raven Hair thro" the wood sped away. 

.^t his post her young lover she found. 

In a breath all their danger she told; 
.About her his strong arms he wound, 

.'\nd kissed the fair cheeks pale and cold. 
"Iron Hand, for thy life thou must flee. 

There is war 'tween the red and the white; — 
.So risk not thy welfare for me — 

Forsake Raven Hair this sad night." 

"Forsake thee, my own !" — and his breath 

Fell hot on the dusky fair cheek; 
"Not in life, but united in death," 

His husky voice choked nor could speak — 
" In death we escape the dire hate 

Of thy father, and scorn of the white; — 
Yonder stream cannot tell of our fate, — 

.•^hall we go to the himting-grounds bright ? " 

In answer her hand pressed his own. 

Together they turned toward the stream, 
Till they stood on the cliff high and lone. 

Like a moonlit vision or dream. 
.\ moment two figures as one 

Were darkly portrayed on the sky; 
Then a plunge through the air — it was done; 

'Twas the depth of their love e'en to die. 

The surface of Kenduskeag is quite even, and is easily 
cultivated. It is accounted a good agricultural town. 

This town is moderately well settled, except in the 
eastern or Glenburn section, which has thus far been 
almost totally neglected by the residents. Kenduskeag, 
on the stream of that name, and near the geographical 
centre of the tow'n, has the only post-office in the town, 
although a village exists in the northwest part, mainly on 
the northeast bank of the Kenduskeag, and bears the 
name of Higginsville. From the post-oftice radiate all 
the principal roads of the tow'n. The old Charleston 
and Bangor stage-road, and one other highway, come in 
across Glenburn from the direction of Bangor, one of 
them close to the Kenduskeag Stream, and unite at the 
southeast end of the village. From the northernmost 
of these a road branches off about one-half of a mile 
from the east line, and runs north into Hudson. Just 
north of the bridge over the Kenduskeag, near the 
southeast corner of the town, the road from Glenburn 
post-oftice crosses it, and goes on a mile to an end at the 
other Bangor road, in the bend of the stream. On the other 
side of the river a road runs south and southwest from 
the village, passing a cemetery at the edge of town and 
School No. 7 a mile and a quarter further, and ending 
in Levant a mile or more beyond that. West of this an- 
other road, running more nearly southwest, passes from 
Kenduskeag out nearly at the southwest corner, and goes 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINL. 



393 



to South Levant. It passes School No. 9 about a mile 
from the corner. Another road from the post-office runs 
westward and southwestward to ^^'est Levant, sending off 
a branch to the cross-roads southwest of Higginsville and 
Corinth a mile out, and another near the town line, which 
crosses the former below Higginsville, and runs north in- 
to Hudson. Another from this place makes off north- 
east across the Kenduskeag, and into Hudson at a dis- 
tance of about a mile and a half from its beginning. 
Finally, a highway runs up and tolerably near the east 
bank of the Kenduskeag to the north line of the town, 
with a branch starting off a little north of the village, 
and running east and northeast near the mill-pond to and 
into Hudson. .\t School No. 6 a branch runs through 
Higginsville and northwest into Hudson. 

Higginsville has a store, a saw- and shingle-mill, and 
two or three factories and shops. .\t Kenduskeag village 
are the Town Hall, the public school-house, a Congre- 
gational and Baptist church occupied in common, a 
Universalist church, a hotel, and a considerable number 
of n:iills, factories, and shops. 

The first settlers in the Kenduskeag territory were 
.Major (afterwards General) Moses Hodsdon, in 1801; 
Recallis Clark, in 1803; Daniel Ladd, .Samuel E. Dut- 
ton (afterwards the first Judge of Probate at Bangor, 
from whom Glenburn town received its first name). Dr. 
Isaac Case, Thomas Griffin, and Mark Little. 

The town was incorporated February 20, 1832. As is 
well known, the name it bears is that which was originally 
given to the Plantation on the Penobscot, about the head 
of tidewater, subsequently erected into the town of Ban- 
gor. This is the first and only instance in the county, 
we believe, where a town has taken a plantation-name 
from any part of the county, not previously its own. 

Previous to 1852 the censuses of the present tract of 
Kenduskeag were taken with those of Levant and Glen- 
burn. In i860 its population was 816; in 1870 it was 
770; in 1880, 650. The polls in these years were 184, 
195, and 193; estates, $119,744, $171,230, and $181,700. 

The Congregational church in this town was organized 
Ueceraber 23, 1834. Its pastors have been the Rev. 
Messrs. Robert Page, Charles B. Smith, Solomon Bixley, 
and Amos Redlon. The other clergymen of the town 
are reported as the Revs. Loyal Spaulding, Thomas B. 
Robinson, William Day, \V. G. Gouchei, John Higgins, 
Baptist (church organized in 1828); F. A. Hodsdon, 
Jerome Harris, Elbridge Wellington, Moses Goodrich, 
Robert Blacker, Universalist, the last of whom is still 
pastor; and J. J. Banks, Free Baptist. 
I The physicians of the town have been Drs. Isaac Case, 
I Hiram C. Baxter, Ambrose Woodcock, Hall Davis, C. 
iF. Gardiner, all now deceased except Drs. Baxter and 
'Gardiner. 

Lawyers— Solyman Heath, Abraham and Daniel San- 
born, S. S. Warren, Thomas B. Paine, Gridley T. Estes, 
Josiah Crosby, Charles Davis, and C. P. Roberts. 
jThere is now no attorney in the town ; but there are two 
jnotaries. Hon. Levi Bradley, formerly resident here, 
twas State Land Agent m 18426, and was also Sheriff of 
the county during his residence at Bangor. 



Kenduskeag has much good water-power, and it was 
formerly largely utilized for manufacturing shoes, cast- 
ings, and other important articles of commerce. Of late 
there have been in the town one manufacturer of lumber, 
one of shingles and cooperage, three others of cooperage, 
one of stoves and agricultural implements, one of boots 
and shoes, one of harness, trunks, etc., one grist-mill, one 
tinman, one tailor, one undertaker, one auctioneer, one 
milliner, two dressmakers, four smiths, three general 
stores, tw'o groceries, one jewelry, one drug store, one 
hardware and crockery store, one boot and shoe store, 
one stove and tin store, and one millinery shop. One 
hotel, the Kenduskeag, is kept in the town. The Ken- 
duskeag Cheese Factory has been in successful operation 
for nearly ten years. 

The more prominent societies in the town are the Ken- 
duskeag Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and the 
David White Post, No. 19, Grand Army of the Republic, 
which was organized March 31, 1868. There were lately 
also in existence the Kenduskeag Lodge, No. 137, In- 
dependent of Order Good Templars, and the Mystic Tie 
Grange, No. 58, Patrons of Husbandry. 

The Federal and town officers in Kenduskeag in 1881 
were: F. A. H. Stackpole. postmaster; B. F. Higgins, .'Albert 
Hodsdon, F. A. H. Stackpole, Selectmen; F. A. H. 
Stackpole, Town Clerk: Greenlief Harvey, Treasurer; 
W. K. Nason, Constable and Collector: W. K. Nason, 
T. P. Batchelder, E. F. Nason, Constables ; M. L. Fisher, 
School Supervisor; T. P. Batchelder, E. B. Stackpole, F. 
A. H. Stackpole, Quorum; W. C. Spratt, Trial — Justices. 

.\ W.\R BIOGR.\PHV. 

The following highly complimentary notice of a native 
of this town is comprised in the military biographies con- 
tained in the reports of the .\djutant-General of the 
State for the war period : 

C.\PTAiN Is.\.\c WiNSLow Case was born in Kendus- 
keag, where the larger portion of his life was spent, and 
was a graduate of Bowdoin College in the class of 1848. 
Of the character he sustained in college, a classmate, now 
a professor in a theological seminary, writes: "He was 
generous, warm-hearted, social, a true friend, and 
thoroughly trustworthy. He excelled as a writer, ex- 
pressing fresh and pertinent thoughts with ease and grace. 
He had by nature the temper and spirit which incite to 
brave deeds. He had, also, the self-control and power 
of leading others — the decision, energy, and boldness, as 
well as the quick sympathies which qualify for command. 
He could not stand idly by when there was a call to do 
and dare. In his college days he yearned for action, 
and sometimes was almost impatient for the conflict. 
He lived not to be, but to do; and his life culminated in 
fulfilling the inmost desires of his youth." Mr. Case en- 
listed as a private, September 10, 1862, and before leav- 
ing camp at Bangor was elected Captain of Company H, 
Twenty-second Regiment, upon which he was presented 
by his fellow-townsmen with a fine sword and sash. The 
regiment left Bangor October 21st, and in a few weeks 
joined the army of General Banks at New Orleans. The 
Southern climate, so trying to most of our soldiers, had 



394 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



but little apparent effect upon the health of Captain Case. 
Just before the surrender of Port Hudson, he joined the 
storming patty of a thousand volunteers to make a con- 
templated desperate attack upon that stronghold; but be- 
fore the time appointed for the charge he was attacked 
by the congestive fever, of which he died on the 6th of 
July, 1863. His remains were taken to New Orleans 
the following morning, there embalmed, and forwarded 
to his friends at Kenduskeag, where they were buried 
with military honors. His character during all the trials 
and hardships of army life is reported as having been 
that of a true and selfdenying Christian soldier. He 
left behind him a record the purity and beauty of which 
can never be tarnished. 

The following further notice of Captain Case is in- 
cluded in the Roll of Honor of Bowdoin College: 

Class of 1848 — Isaac W. Case, born in Kenduskeag, 
November, 1822 ; was a teacher of youth two or three 
years, and then settled upon a farm in Kenduskeag, where 
he resided when he entered the service, October, 1862, 
Captain of Company H, Twenty-Second Maine; served 
under General Banks at Port Hudson. He had volun- 
teered as one of a storming party, but was seized with 
congestive fever, and, after a few hours' sickness, died. 
He bore the reputation of a brave soldier and a Christian 
man. Faithful as a soldier, he was true to his profession 
as a soldier of the cross, exerting an important influence 
for good over his command. 

OTHER BIOGR.\PHICAL SKETCHES. 

Oliver K. Nason, of Kenduskeag, is a son of Edward 
and Susan Nason {iice Susan Small). His grandfather, 
John Nason, was a native of Berwick, Maine. Edward 
and Susan Nason had seven children, viz: Oliver K.; 
Aaron ; Richard ; Albion ; Mary, wife of Josiah Mayo, 
of Portland, Maine ; Sarah, deceased ; Eliza, widow of 
George Murch, of Saccarappa, Maine ; Susan M., de- 
ceased. Mr. Nason followed lumbering for a business. 
He spent most of his life in Limington, Maine, and died 
in Kenduskeag in 1856. Mrs. Nason died January 23, 
186S. Oliver Is.. Nason was born December 14, 1809, 
in Limington, York county, Maine. He first settled in 
South Standish, Maine, where he lived about three years, 
and carried on the cooper business. From there he 
moved to Levant (now Kenduskeag) in March, 1833, 
where lie lived about two years, and tlien moved to Brad- 
ford, in this county, and lived three years, being there 
engaged in lumbering. In Bradford he married Miss 
Sarah J. Holland, daughter of Daniel Holland, of Dover, 
Maine. About 1840 he moved back to Kenduskeag, 
where he has since lived. Mr. and Mrs. Nason have 
had six children, viz: Susan, deceased; William H., 
deceased; William K., now in Kenduskeag; Margaret 
A., wife of Captain George W. Wooster ; Richard M., 
now m Leadville, Colorado ; and Edward O., of Ken- 
duskeag. Mr. Nason was for many years an officer in 
the militia, rising to the position of Colonel. He rep- 
resented his class in the Legislature in 1854. 

Captain Elijah B. Stackpole, of Kenduskeag, is a son 
of James and Abigail Stackpole («^f Abigail Brock). His 



grandfather was Stephen Stackpole, of Somersworth, New 
Ham])shire. James and Abigail Stackpole had seven 
children, viz : Elijah B., Lydia, Martha, Mary E., Wil- 
liam E., Sarah, and John, all of whom are living except 
Lydia and Martha. Mr. Stackpole was a tailor by trade, 
as was his father. He lived in South Berwick the latter 
part of his life, and died some eight years since. Captain 
Elijah B. Stackpole was born July jo, 1804, in Somers- 
worth, New Hampshire. He first settled in South Ber- 
wick as a tradesman, having served an apprenticeship in 
Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He lived in South Ber- 
wick three years, when he moved to Pittsfield, New 
Hampshire, and from there to Buxton, Maine. He lived 
in Buxton four years, when he moved to Bangor, and 
from Bangor he came to Levant, now Kenduskeag, in 
1834, where he has since lived, following the business of 
store-keeper, hotel-keeper, etc. Since 1847 he has lived 
on a farm, working at other kinds of business, as survey- 
ing, etc. He married Nancy E. Wentworth, of South 
Berwick, Maine. They have had five children, viz: 
Henry A., of Kenduskeag; Charles C, deceased; Wil- 
liam H. H., of Kenduskeag: Frederick A. H., postmas- 
ter of Kenduskeag, and Edwin M., deceased. Mr. 
Stackpole has held the office of Deputy Sheriff two 
terms. Justice of the Peace and Quorum for twenty-one 
years, and Trial Justice for many years. He is now 
seventy-seven years of age, and is at present Trial Jus- 
tice. He is a man widely known in this section, having || 
been for many years a captain of the militia. He has 
held many other town offices ; was for five years a mem- 
ber of the State Board of Agriculture. 

Royal S. Hodsdon, of Kenduskeag, was born July 26, 
1834. His father, Jonathan B. Hodsdon, now living in 
Kenduskeag, was a native of Levant when it comprised 
Kenduskeag. He married Sarah Frees. They have five 
children, viz: Royal S.; Elmina F., wife of Francis Har- 
vey, of Kenduskeag; Augusta A., now Mrs. G. Harvey, 
of this town; Nellie and Edwin C, twins. Nellie mar- 
ried William K. Nason, of Kenduskeag. Edwin lives in 
Boston. Mr. Hodsdon is a cooper by trade, and is still 
living in Kenduskeag. Royal S. Hodsdon, the oldest 
son of this family, was born in this town and has always 
lived here. He married Julia .-\. Elliott, daughter of 
Samuel and Abigail Elliott, of Kenduskeag. They have 
one son, Charlie E. Mr. Hodsdon learned the cooper 
trade, and worked at that until about 1853, when he en- 
gaged in trade here in Kenduskeag, which he followed 
about eight years, or until about 1862. He engaged in 
the jewelry business, in connection with his other busi- 
ness, in 1862, and now follows it exclusively. He is also 
a filer of saws. He lives on the Bangor road leading 
through the village of Kenduskeag. 

Abner F. Clements, of Kenduskeag, was born April i, 
1847. He is a son of the late John C. Clements, who 
was born in Frankfort, Maine, and married Lucy Little- 
field, daughter of Daniel and Rebecca Littlefield, of 
Winterport, Maine. They had seven sons, viz: Edmund, 
now of Levant; Charles L., now of Winterport, Maine; 
George M., now in Corinth, Maine ; John, Jr., deceased; 
Daniel W., deceased, died in the army; Albert, deceased; 




^ 




UxcW 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



395 



and Abner. Mr. Clements was a farmer, and invented 
the Clements horse hoe, which he manufactured during 
the last years of his life. He died in 1 869. Mrs. Clem- 
ents now lives with her son Abner in Kenduskeag, on the 
old homestead. Abner F. Clements married for his first 
wife Melissa Towle, of Hartland, who died June 13, 
1874. She had two children, viz: Effie J-i deceased, 
and Melissa. Mr. Clements married (or his second wife 
Miss Dora Averill, of W'interport. To this couple have 
also been born two children, viz : .Abbie M. and Effie D. 
Mr. Clements has a good farm about one mile south of 
Kenduskeag village, where he has always lived. 

W. C. Spratt, of Kenduskeag, is a son of Nathaniel 
and Betsey Spratt, ttee Betsey Ward. Nathaniel Spratt 
and Betsey Ward were both born in China, Kennebec 
county, Maine. They had eight children, viz: Emeline 
W., Marian C, William C, Thomas G., Francis D., Mel- 
ville B., Betsey E., and Augustus N.; all of whom are 
living except Betsey E. Mr. Spratt was a mason and 
manufacturer of brick. He lived during his later life in 
Alton, Penobscot county, where he died in 1865. Mrs. 
Spratt died in 1867. William C. was born December 
24, 1826, in China, Maine. He settled in Alton, where 
he lived about twenty-si.x years. He married Christiana 
L Crawford, daughter of Joseph and Olive Crawford, of 
Burnham, Maine. They have seven children, viz: Em- 
ma L., wife of R. A. Shaw, of Washburn, Aroostook 
county, Maine; Charles W., now in college in Philadel- 
phia; Sewall C, of Houlton, Maine; Arthur W., Alber 
L, Lillie A., and Willie L. Mr. Spratt has been a 
lumberman and manufacturer of lumber most of his life. 
He now lives on a farm in Kenduskeag, near the village. 
He has held all the prominent town offices in the gift of 
his townsmen. He has held the office of Trial Justice, 
and in 1S60 was a member of the Legislature represent- 
ing .Mton, Bradford, Charleston, and Lagrange. He 
is a Republican in politics. 

Franklin D. Jenkins was born in Vassalboro, 
Maine, Uecember 31, 1831. His father, Moses Jenkins, 
was a native of Kittery, and married Sarah Frye. They 
had six children, viz: William H., deceased; Mary A., 



wife of Christian F. Anderson, of Pioche, Nevada; Sa- 
rah M., deceased; Moses C, now of Vassalboro, 
Maine; Franklin D. and Eben F., deceased. Mr. Jen- 
kins was a prominent business man. He carried on farm- 
ing, tannery business, and the manufacture of boots and 
shoes. He died in 1S54. Mrs. Jenkins died in 1846. 
Franklin D. Jenkins commenced life as a clerk in a 
store in Plymouth, at the age of seventeen. From Ply- 
mouth he went to Bangor as bookkeeper for Thomas A. 
White. He remamed there two and a half years, when 
he went to Pittsfield, Maine, and engaged in trade. This 
was in 1858. He continued there for thirteen years, and 
also at the same time or during this time engaged in 
a successful pine land speculation in Michigan, though 
he did not live there. He came to Kenduskeag in 1871, 
and engaged in f.irming. He has a fine place near the ' 
village ot Kenduskeag, and is successful as a fruit raiser. 
He married Htlen N. Jerrard, daughter of John and 
Jane Jerrard, of Plymouth, Maine. They have seven 
children, viz: Alice, now Mrs. A. H. Cornforth, of Pitts- 
field, Maine; Annie H., Louise A., Vernon F., Fred A., 
Bertha L., and Ralph D. Mr. Jenkins has held promi- 
nent town offices both in Pittsfield and in Kenduskeag, 
having been Town Treasurer here several years. 

Hon. T. P. Batchelder was born in Sanford, York 
county, Maine, in 1815, where he received a common- 
school education. In 1838 he came to Penobscot county 
and settled in Kenduskeag, and engaged as clerk in the 
store of Allen & Goodwin, and in 1836 purchased this 
stock of goods and engaged in business on his own ac- 
count, in which he has continued up to the present time. 
He also held the office of Poitm.ister of Kenduskeag 
for nearly thirty years, the longest term probably of any 
man in the county, and has held the office of Town 
Clerk, Treasurer, and Selectman of his town for over 
thirty years. In 1S58 he represented his class in the 
State Legislature, as a Democrat, and was elected by a 
class that usually went one hundred Republican. In 1840 
he married ^L^riah York, a native of Belfast, and is the 
father of two children. Abbe M., wife of William P. Mi- 
nor, of Brunswick, Georgia; Selah H., living at home. 



KINGMAN, 



Kingman may be said to lie almost upon the border of 
the great Aroostook wilderness. When the trains on the 
European & North American Railroad Leave the Penob- 
scot for the eastward at Mattawamkeag, they run for 
eight and one-fifth miles without passing a station; and 
when they leave Kingman station, they run for nearly 
thirteen miles before coming to a regular stopping place, 
— Bancroft, Aroostock county; — and thenceforth to the 
State line stations are few and small. Nevertheless 
Kingman is getting a remarkably good development for 
its years, and in the matter of population has a record 
for the decade 1870-80 that can not be approached, much 
less paralleled, by any other part of Penobscot county. 
In that time, as the returns of the ninth and tenth cen- 
suses show, its people increased more than three-fold — 
from 184 to 546, or by 361, an average of 36 per year. 
We doubt whether another town in Maine has a record 
in similar proportion for those years. 

But Kingman is not a large town ; it does not comprise 
a surveyed township. It is rather long and narrow — six 
miles, or township length, from north to south, and nearly 
four miles wide throughout. It thus contains a little over 
twenty-three square miles, or about fifteen thousand acres. 
Its southwest corner is fifty-one miles, in a bee-line, from 
the limits of Bangor. It is bounded on the north by 
Macwahoc Plantation, Aroostook county; on the east by 
Drew Plantation; on the south by Webster Plantation; 
and on the west by Mattawamkeag. Prentiss corners on 
it at the southeast, and Winn is at no great distance to 
the southwest. 

Kingman is completely intersected from east to west 
by the Mattawamkeag River. This enters from Drew 
Plantation about two miles from the southeast corner of 
Kingman, makes a bend to the northward a little, nearly 
touching the railroad at Crossuntic Station, passing along 
the south front of Kingman village, and out of the town 
less than one and one-half miles from the southwest cor- 
ner. Two miles below Kingman, on this stream, at a 
locality known as Sowtaradi, is the extensive Shataruck 
Boom, which can hold four to six millions of feet in logs 
at one time. 

About three-fourths of a mile before reaching King- 
man village the Mattawamkeag receives a tributary, the 
Crossuntic Stream, coming almost straight from Macwa- 
hoc Plantation, and one-third of a mile above this another 
small tributary, coming in from Prentiss at the southeast 
corner of Kingman, and flowing most of its course near 
the east line, joins the Mattawamkeag. Haifa mile be- 
fore leaving the town the river is swelled by the vastly 
more important affluent, the Molunkus Stream, which 
enters from Macwahoc at the northwest corner of King- 
396 



man, makes a slight bend across into Mattawamkeag, 
thence back into the town, and on south with a straight, 
broad current to the river. 

The chief thoroughfare of Kingman is, of course, the 
European & North American Railway, which passes 
through the town near the north bank of the river, 
nearly east and west, making a station at Kingman vil- 
lage, and "Crossuntic Station," two and four-fifths miles 
east of that — a mere occasional stop[)ing-place to accom- 
modate loggers and others in the woods. From the west 
end of the village a road goes off up the Molunkus and 
into Macwahoc near the northwest corner of that town. 
Nearly all the country settlement in Kingman is on this 
road, and mainly on the east side of it. From the mid- 
dle of the village a road crosses the Mattawamkeag and 
runs off southeastward across a corner of Webster Plan- 
tation into Prentiss. Another road from Prentiss across 
Drew Plantation strikes the river nearly opposite Cross- 
untic Station. Short roads also extend east and west 
from the village. 

Kingman village is one and one-half miles from the 
west side of the town, and two from the east side; a little 
more than three miles from the north line, and over two 
miles from the south boundary. It is a long and narrow 
site, stretched along the north bank of the Mattawam- 
keag. A principal element in its growth the last ten 
years has been the establishment here of the extensive 
sole-leather tannery of Messrs. F. Shaw & Bros., with a 
long row of cottages for their workmen. The tannery 
and the railroad have mainly developed Kingman. Here, 
or in the neighborhood, are also several saw- and shingle- 
mills ; and the usual stores and shops, with the post-office 
and school-house, are included in the place. The hotel 
here is the Kingman House. 

This town is known in the surveys as Township No. 6, 
in the fourth range north of the Bingham Purchase. The 
Waterston and Pray Purchase, in this region, included nine 
hundred acres in the north and east part of the present 
Kingman. The rest of the town formed a part of the 
appropriation made many years ago by Massachusetts, 
in pursuance of the liberal system of grants then prevail- 
ing, to aid the town of Camden, then in Lincoln but 
now in Knox county, to build a bridge over the Ducktrap 
Stream. Settlement got into this remote region very 
slowly, however. It is said, indeed, that tlie settlement 
of this territory dates only from 1864. The tract was 
still a dense and comparatively unbroken forest in 1859, 
when, on Independence Day of that year, it received its 
first municipal organization as the McCrillis Plantation. 
For nearly seven years it existed under this designation, 
and then, March 28, i866, perhaps from the date of the 



m 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



397 



former incorporation, it became Independence Plantation. 
There were still but few settlers, and another seven years 
were yet to pass before their number would warrant the 
erection of a town. Finally, in 1873, the improved 
prospects of the Plantation, especially at the village, jus- 
tified emergence from the chrysalis state; and on the 25th 
of January, of that year, the decisive step was taken which 
made it a town under the present name. This title was 
given in honor of Mr. R. S. Kingman, junior member of 
the firm of Shaw i^ Kingman, predecessors .it the village 
of the firm of F. Shaw & Brothers, in the tannery and 
mercantile business. 

We have no census returns of this tract back of 1870. 
In that year "Independence Plantation" had 185 people. 
At the last census (1880), Kingman town had a popula- 
tion of 546 — an increase, as before noted, of 361. The 
polls in 1870 numbered 16; in 1880, 165. Estates in 
these years, $30,677, $75.455 — in the former case a val- 
uation quite large, in proportion to the population or 
number of voters. 

The principal manufactory in Kingman is, of course, 
the great tannery at the village. There are also in the 
town one steam-mill and shingle-factory, one shingle- and 
lumber-mill, one shingle-machine, one harness-maker, 
one carriage-maker, two smiths, one large dry goods and 
grocery store, and three general stores.. There is one 
resident lawyer. 

The following-named are the town officers for this 
year (1881): Curtis Beatham, James S. Richardson, Al- 
mon Leavitt, Selectmen; Almon Leavitt, Town Clerk; 
H. .\. Smith, Treasurer; Curtis Beatham, S. L. Rodgers, 
C. L. Goodwin, Constables; A. Leavitt, O. W. Beatham, 
Erastus Doble, School Committee; J. E. Estes, W. S. 
Smith, Justices (trial). Mr. W. F. Staples is the King- 
man Postmaster. 

The town is fairly supplied- with schools. Until re- 
cently the Union League Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, 
was in existence here; but there are just now no public 
or semi-public societies in the town. 

BRIEF I5I0GR.\PH1ES OF SETTLERS. 

F. \V. Campbell, of Kingman, was born March 13, 
1828. He is a son of Robert and Mary Campbell, of 
the Province of New Brunswick. Robert Campbell was 
a son of Tamberland Campbell, a native of Scotland. 
He was a soldier in Wolfe's army at Quebec. Robert 
and Mary Campbell had twelve children — Michael, now 
in the Province of New Brunswick; Sally, deceased; 
Hattie Ann, deceased; Mary, wife of Thomas E. Simon- 
son, of New ."irunswick; Julia, wife of William Simonson; 
Charlotte, now Mrs. H. House, of Frankfort, ALaine; 
George, now in New Brunswick, a Baptist clergyman; 
Wellington, deceased; Frederick W.; Sophia, now Mrs. 
L. H. Wright, of New Brunswick; Henry A., deceased; 
Amanda, deceased. Mr. Campbell lived and died in 
New Brunswick, his death occurring in 1878. Mrs. 
Campbell died in 1869. F. W. Campbell was reared on 
the farm in New Brunswick till of age. He first en- 
gaged in milling, principally working in saw-mills, follow- 
ing the business for about six years, when he went to 



farming in New Brunswick. He lived there until 1861, 
when he moved to Frankfort, where he lived about eight 
years engaged in farming. In 1870 he moved to his 
present place in Kingman. He lives about one mile 
north of Kingman. He married for his first wife Miss 
Louisa Branning, of New Brunswick. By her he had 
four children — Martha; Robert, deceased; John F., and 
Jarvis. Mrs. Campbell died in 1855, ''"d Mr. Camp- 
bell married for his second wife Miss Clara Staples, of 
Sedgwick, Maine. They have had one child that died 
in infancy. Mr. Campbell was Deputy Sheriff in New 
Brunswick; also Town Counselor for some time. 

William Horton, of Kingman, is a son of John and 
Sarah Horton (/tee Sarah Day). They were from Halifax. 
John and Sarah Horton had eight children — Benjamin, 
deceased; John, deceased; Elizabeth, deceased; William; 
Sarah, wife of William Trecarton, of Carlton, New 
Brunswick; Fannie, widow of John Pangburn, of Carl- 
ton, New Brunswick; Henry, now in Massachusetts; Bar- 
bara A., deceased. Mr. Horton died in 1848, and Mrs. 
Horton is still living in New Brunswick. William Hor- 
ton was born January 9, 1S38, at Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
His father was a seafaring man, and the boys were reared 
on a farm until William was ten years old, when his 
father died and the farm was sold. William, at the age 
of ten, went to sea, and followed it with his uncle until 
he was fifteen. . He then left the sea and catne to New 
Brunswick and worked in the saw-mills and logging 
woods for two years, when he fitted out boats and fished 
two years. He came to the States in 1859, having mar- 
ried Miss Eleanor McFadden the year before. He then 
settled where he now lives, it being then a wilderness with 
but two settlers in town, built a log-house, and cleared up 
his present farm. He now has a very good set of farm 
buildings and a good farm. To this couple have been 
born three sons — David Henry, John Leslie, and Wil- 
liam Guy. He has 188 acres in his farm. He was burned 
out in 1862 and lost sll his buildings. 

Captain James H. Boyd, of Kingman, was born in 
Bristol, Maine, May 11, 1826. His parents, James and 
Sarah Boyd (nee Sarah Chamberlain), had six children, 
viz : John, deceased; James H.; Archibald, now m 
Bangor; Rodney, also in Bangor; Elizabeth, deceased; 
Caroline, deceased, wife of Henry Treat, of Bangor. 
James Boyd died at Frankfort October 15, 1858. Mrs. 
Boyd died October 16, 1871. James H. Boyd, the 
second son of this family, lived with his parents on the 
farm until he was fourteen years of age, when he went to 
sea. He followed the sea and engaged in steamboating 
until 1849, when he went to California. He became 
mate and finally captain of a vessel. He made foreign 
voyages mostly. He remained on the Pacific coast until 
1870, engaged in steamboating on the Columbia River 
as mate and captain, also in mining and tanning. During 
this time he was six years in Idaho. In 1870 he re- 
turned to Bangor and built a steam mill at Mattawam- 
keag, where he remained three years, when he came to 
Kingman and built the steam mill on the river near 
Kingman. Here he has since lived, engaged in the 
manufacture of short lumber. He married for his first 



398 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



wife Miss Mary T. Miller, daughter of General Miller, 
of Bangor. She died in 1S63. Mr. Boyd married for 
his second wife Miss Lizzie Savary. They have no chil- 
dren. 

James L. Scott, son of John Scott, of New Brunswick, 
who was born in the United States, married Joan Han- 
son, of New Brunswick, by whom he had eleven children: 
Mark, Phebe, Mary, Moses, Fannie, Luther M., Ruth, 
William, John, Calvin, James, and one that died in in- 
fancy. James L. Scott died in 1S51, and his wife in 
1854, both in Chester, Maine, having settled in the 
county in 1824. Luther Scott, the third son, was born 



March 8, 1818, in New Brunswick, and went to Bangor, 
Maine, with his parents, when six years of age. They 
moved thence to Oldtown, and in 1831 settled in Ches- 
ter. When a young man Luther Scott went to Wood- 
ville and engaged in farming and lumbering, returning to 
Chester after a few years, where he lived twenty-six years. 
In 1878 he moved to Kingman, where he now lives. He 
married Caroline Smith, of Chester, and had a family of 
ten children, three of whom are deceased: John, died 
in the army; David S., William W. Henry H., Alvin B., 
Millard F., Alonzo B., Thomas J., Franklin P., Lillian 
M., and Clara A. 



LAGRANGE. 



DESCRIPTIVE NOTES. 

Lagrange is the largest organized town in the county, 
save Lincoln and Burlington, and is very nearly as large 
as the latter, having the same length, but differing by a 
slightly less width. It is bounded on the north by Med- 
ford, Piscataquis county ; on the west by the whole 
length of Orneville, Piscataquis county, and about lialf 
the lengtli of Bradford, Penobscot county; on the south 
by Alton and a corner of Argyle; and on the east by the 
whole western breadth of Howland and the entire length 
of Argyle. It is not quite a regular parallelogram, the 
sides not being precisely of equal length and the angles 
consequently not exactly right angles. A slight jog also 
occurs on the east line, over two and one-half miles from 
the northeast corner, just at the southwest corner of 
Howland, by which the line is carried about one-fifth of 
a mile to the eastward, widening the rest of the town by 
so much. The south boundary is five and one-eighth miles 
long, and this width narrows but by an almost impercepti- 
ble amount for five and one-half miles north, until the 
jog is reached, where the town is a trifle less than five 
miles wide, and narrows still further to four and five-sixths 
on the north line. The west line of Lagrange is its 
longest boundary, being eight and one-third miles long. 
The length shortens a very little going eastward, and is 
but eight miles on a line diawn straight from the north- 
east corner. The town, however, contains over forty 
square miles, or between twenty-five and thirty thousand 
acres. It is fifteen miles due north of Bangor, and five 
miles from the Penobscot River on the south line of 
Edinburg. The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad runs for 
nearly six miles in this town, entering from Alton not 
quite two miles from the southwest corner of Lagrange, 
running west of north to South Lagrange Station and 
post-office, about threb-fourths of a mile from the south 



line of the town, at the intersection of the only two im- 
portant roads in this part of the town; thence four miles 
further to Lagrange village, and about a mile beyond 
passing out of the town into Orneville. This road is of 
great service and convenience to the people of this 
region. Nearly parallel with it almost to the county line 
is the wagon-road which comes in from Alton upon the 
gentle elevation or "horseback," continuing through these 
towns. The highway runs through Lagrange village, 
and by a general north course thence to the north line of 
the town, where it passed into Medford. It is the only 
highway that completely traverses the town in any direc- 
tion. At South Lagrange a branch starts off at right 
angles toward the southwest corner of this town, where 
it crosses into Bradley. The narrow strip of territory 
which it crosses, between the town line and a stream run- 
ning from north to south a little distance from it, is 
known in local parlance as "the Gore." It is wholly 
uninhabited. This biook is the Dead Stream, which 
heads near the county line about a mile and a quarter 
northwest of Lagrange village, and flows about five 
miles to the soutli line, where it runs into Alton, receiv- 
ing a small tributary two miles above its exit. At the 
village a road runs off eastward with a straight track for 
about two miles, when it ends near the East Branch of 
the Birch Stream. This heads in the north central part 
of the town, and runs south tind southwestward four 
and one-half miles to a junction with the West Branch 
within two-thirds of a mile of School No. 3. The West 
Branch rises in the northwest i^art of the town, and flows 
about eight miles southward. Below the junction the 
Birch Stream broadens considerably, and runs about two 
miles to the south line, where it passes out of the town 
and forms the boundary between Alton and Argyle. At 
the cemetery just east of Lagrange village, a well-settled 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



399 



road runs off to the northeast, forking into two branches 
at the edge of Rowland, half a mile below the northeast 
corner of Lagranjie. A mile north of the village a road 
rurs a short way west into Orneville, and a mile further 
another highway runs east half a mile, and thence east of 
north to its departure from the town on the Medford line. 
A mile and a half from its beginning it crosses a small 
brook which has three little headwaters a mile or more 
east of the road, and a petty tributary west of it, and also 
crosses, when perhaps a third of a mile from the county 
line, another small tributary tlowing from a pond at the 
southwestward a mile and a half to a junction with 
the main stream somewhat nearer the line. Near the 
northeast corner of the Hoyt Brook comes in from Med- 
ford, and flows near the east line to its exit across the 
corner of Howland mto Edinburg. Running alongside 
of it, southwesterly, at one to two miles' distance, is the 
Hemlock Stream, which heads about one-third of a mile 
south of the pond atbresaid, and after near six miles' 
run passes into Edinburg. The banks of this stream, 
and indeed the whole central and southern parts of the 
eastern half of Lagrange, are as yet unsettled. The land 
is in fertile meadow, very valuable for hay and the like. 
The road along the 'horseback" is thickly settled al- 
most to the norih line of the town. The settlement is 
naturally densest about the cross-roads at Lagrange post- 
office. This place is near the east line of the town, al- 
most exactly half-way down its length. The Town 
House is here, also Free Baptist and Union churches, a 
public school-house, and the usual stores and shops, with 
important mills. There is also a grocery store at the 
South Lagrange Station and post-office, kept by the post- 
master and station-keeper, Mr. J- P- Stearns. 

The soil of Lagrange is rather superior, in comparison 
with the rest of the county, and the surface generally 
level enough, and well-timbered. Lumbering has con- 
sequently been long a prominent industry in the town ; 
though large amounts of wheat and other kinds of grain 
are grown by the agriculturists. The broad, low ridge 
extending through the town from north to south, and 
known as the " horseback," is wholly occupied by excel- 
lent farms. 

INTRODUCTION TO HISTORV.* 

To write the history of a town that shall be strictly true 
as to date and incident, after a lapse of three-score years, 
is next to impossible. One man will fix the date of a 
certain event in the year 1S21, for instance; another will 
fix the date of the same event in the year 1820: and the 
third, with equal positiveness, will fix the date in the year 
1822. Now, it is certain that but one of them is correct, 
and barely possible neither of them : hence the reader of 
the following brief history of the early settlement of the 
town of Lagrange is most respectfully asked to exercise 
that charity that "thinketh no evil," and charge such 
errors, if any exist, to the head, and not to the heart. 

*The remainder of this sketch, except the biiigraphles, has been most 
kindly contributed by Pliny B. Soule. Esq., one of the Lagrange pio- 
neers, and for more than a generation a justice of the I'eace and other- 
wise a prominent citizen at Lagrange village. Posterity, as well as the 
present generation, owes a debt of gratitude to this gentleman, for his 
painstaking care in the preparation of this part of our History. 



MORE DESCRIPTION. 

Within the corporate limits of the town of Lagrange, 
as per act of incorporation dated February 11, 1832, is 
embraced what was then known as the plantations of 
Oxford and Hammond, bounded on the north by Kil- 
marnock (now called Medford), on the east by Howland 
and Township One (now called Edinburg), on the west 
by Bradford and iSIilton (now called Orneville), and on 
the south by Township No. 3 (now Alton). It contains 
about thirty-four thousand acres. Its general surface is 
remarkably level; nothing like a mountain, or even a hill 
sufficiently elevated above the surrounding country to 
attract the eye ot the traveler, is to be seen. lis surface 
waters are conveyed slowly towards the great Atlantic 
reservoir by Dead, Birch, and Hemlock Streams, and by 
Cold Brook. 

PRIMITIVE TIMES. 

At the time of the advent of the white man, all these 
streams literally swarmed with spotted trout, which were 
caught in large nuinbers and highly prized as a nu- 
tritious and healthy food by the pioneers. 

Before the sound of the woodman's axe ever resounded 
through its forests, the etitire town was covered with a 
heavy growth of pine, spruce, hemlock, fir, and hard 
wood. It was most emphatically a timber township. 
Here in these dark forests the stately moose, the shy 
deer, and the yet more timid caribou roamed at pleasure, 
raised their young, and selected their camping grounds 
for the winter, with their inalienable rights uninvaded, 
save only by " Lo, the poor Indian." Here on these 
streams the industrious beaver filled his timber and built 
his dam, traces of which are plainly visible at the present 
day. Here, too, in these dark forests roamed the black 
bear at pleasure, often paying his compliments to the 
early settlers in midnight raids into their oat- and corn- 
fields. . 

THE FIRST IMPROVEMENTS. 

Years before any permanent settlement was made, Jo- 
siah Bennock, Esq., of Orono, cleared several acres of 
land on lot number thirty-eight, on the east side of the 
Bennock road, now so called, wMiich was ihe first land 
cleared, and seeded it to grass, that he might cut hay to 
be used in his lumber operations on Dead Stream. 

About tiie year 1820, a road was laid out by the State 
from some ])oint in Orono througli Township No. 3 (now 
Alton), and the Plantations of Oxford and Hammond 
(now Lagrange). This was located on the "horseback," 
so called, which forms the divide between the waters of 
Dead and Birch Streams. That part of the road south 
of the north line of Lots No. 51 was built by Mr. 
Bennock ; and from that time to the present it has been 
called the Bennock road, while that part north of said 
Lots 51 has been called the State road. 

THE PIONEERS. 

In 1821 Captain John Freese entered upon Lot No. 
14 in Hammond, being the corner lot in the plantation 
on the west side of the State road. He felled a few 
acres of trees, cleared the land in the spring of 1822, 
put in his crop, built his log cabiii, and moved his family 



4O0 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



into it in the fall of 1822. In June of that year David 
Hinkley and Orrin Fuller, both of Livermore, came here. 
Mr. Hinkley settled upon Lot No. 50, upon the east side 
of the Bennock road, and Mr. Fuller upon Lot No. i, in 
the Williamson square, so called, on the east side of the 
State road. As there are no plantation records for refer- 
ence, it is very difficult ascertaining who were the next 
settlers; but it is remembered that Hatsell Delano, 
Hugh P. Kealliher, Welcome and Zadok Bishop, and 
Simeon Bryer were among the earliest settlers. Mr. 
Bryer located in 1824, upon Lot No. i, m the first range 
of lots adjoining Kilmarnock, now Medford. Nathaniel 
Foy, David Hoyt, and John Gray were among the very 
early settlers. 

FIRST THINGS. 

Rev. Mr. Reed, of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
preached the first sermon, in the log cabin of Zadok 
Bishop. 

The first child born in the settlement was a girl, the 
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Hatsell Delano. 

The first male child born within the limits of the town 
was named David Hoyt, Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. David 
Hoyt. 

The first school was taught by Miss Mary Lindsey, of 
Livermore, in a little room in Zadok Bishop's cabin. 

A very pleasant rivalry existed for some time between 
Mr. Hinkley and Mr. Fuller as to who should build the 
first framed buildings. The former, who is still living at 
the ripe age of eighty-four years, often uses the prefix 
" I says," when relating anything he said on a former oc- 
casion. So in this instance he relates it in this way : "I 
says, 'Orrin, you needn't fret nor chafe nor hurry, for I 
shall raise the first house, and I shall raise the first barn, 
and I shall get married first, and I shall have the first 
baby,'" — all of which assertions time proved to be true. 

The first saw-mill was built about the year 1827, upon 
the site and on the same mud-sills u].)on which the saw- 
mill now stands on Dead Stream. 

THE GRE.AT DROUGHT AND FIRE. 

In 1825 occurred the great fire that swept over Eastern 
Maine, destroying crops, houses, barns, mills, and many 
thousand acres of valuable timber lands. So severe and 
protracted was the drought that the tops of the trees in 
the valleys of Birch, Hemlock, and Dead Streams, where 
the growth v\as mostly hemlock, spruce, fir, cedar, and 
juniper, with here and there a pine, had become so dry 
that the fire was driven through them by a strong wind 
with almost railroad speed. There was no fire on the 
earth beneath till it fell from the tops of the trees above. 
Every reasonable measure that self-preservation or inge- 
nuity could suggest to save life or property was resorted 
to. Holes vt'ere dug in the earth, and wearing apparel 
and bedding buried below the reach of fire. Barrels, 
tubs, and pails were filled with water, though in some in- 
stances it had to be carried quite a distance, and placed 
near the log cabins. Swabs were made and fastened to 
the end of long poles, with which to wet the roofs should 
the cabins take fire. After the fire had spent its fijry and 
the smoke cleared away, look in whatever direction you 



would, it was one wide scene of blackness and ruin, save 
a little green spot here and there, an oasis amid the black- .;' 
ncss and surrounding desolation. It required firmness 
and decision to remove this black mass of timber and \ 
make the earth bud and blossom like the rose; but thef 
hardy pioneers were equal to this and every other emer- 
gency. 

A SAD TRAGEDY. a 

About seventy years ago (the exact time cannot be as- 
certained) any one standing where the Dirigo House 
now stands at Lagrange iTorner, casting his eye south- 
ward along the spotted line which was the only guide 
the traveler had at that distant day, might have seeri a 
wayfarer with a heavy pack upon his back, slowly beating 
his way against a cold, driving, northeast snow-storm. 
The cold was intense, and the wind blew a gale. The 
State road had not been located. Perhaps three or four 
families had settled on the intervales in Howland and 
Maxfield. A line had been spotted from what is now 
known as the State road, on the south line of the Ham- 
mond tract easterly to the Piscataquis River. A line 
had also been spotted from what is now Lagrange Cor- 
ner in a northeasterly direction to intersect the line 
above referred to. The anxious traveler reaches the 
corner, pauses a moment evidently to decide upon what 
course to take, turns to the right, and with all his strength 
and energy urges his way onward. 

It was evident that his objective point was some one 
of the settlers' homes east on the river. It was late in 
the afternoon, the storm and cold increasing; and such 
a fearful night as it must be would soon close in around 
him, in the darkness of which it would be iinpossible to- 
follow the spotted line. No wonder that under such 
circumstances he should put forth all the strength and 
energy he possessed. He had not traveled more than 
four or five miles before darkness closed around 
him, and it was impossible to follow the trail. He 
pauses a few moments, evidently to rest, hangs his pack 
to the linib of a tree, and starts again, unencumbered, on 
his journey. He travels but a short distance before he 
deviates from the line, goes in a zigzag direction a short 
distance, falling over logs that lie in his course, until, 
entirely exhausted, he sits down in the snow and leans 
against a tree, evidently to rest and recuperate his ex- 
hausted energy and strength. Again he starts, but in 
the few minutes' respite he had taken the intense cold 
had been doing its fearful work. A numbness pervaded 
the entire system ; his joints grew clumsy and almost 
stiff, causing him to fall at almost every step, till he can 
proceed no further. With his body inclined against a 
tree, there in midnight's darkest hour, there in the mer- 
ciless storm, therewith wind and storm chanting his dying 
requiem in the trees above his head, with no kind friend 
to speak w'ords of comfort in this trying hour and direct 
his thoughts to that fair land of which the poet sang: 

"On Jordan's stormy banks I stand, 
And cast a wishful eye 
To Canaan's fair and happy land, 
Where my possessions lie." 

There with no eye save that Eye that never slumbers 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



401 



to witness his fruitless efforts to reach the settlements on 
the river, no tongue to tell the story of physical and 
mental suffering he endured in view of the terrible 
death that awaited him, his spirit took its flight. 

As soon as it became known that he had not reached 
the settlement on the river, search was made, and the 
body found as above stated. He no doubt was the first 
white person that died within the present corporate 
limits of Lagrange. 

ORC.ANIZ.^TION .^ND FIRST OFFICERS. 

On the I St day of March, 1832, James L. Bishop, a 
Justice of the Peace in and for the county of Penobscot, 
issued his warrant to Thomas H. Bates, requiring him, 
in the name of the State of Maine, to notify the inhabi- 
tants of I-agrange, qualified by the constitution to vote 
in town affairs, to assemble at the dwelling-house of Col- 
onel Thomas Chase, on Monday, the 19th day of March, 
1832, at II o'clock A. M., to choose all necessary town 
officers and to decide on some method of notifying town 
meetings hereafter. At this meeting the following-named 
gentlemen were chosen to the most important offices in 
the new-born town: Orin Fuller, Moderator; Thomas H. 
Hates, Town Clerk ; Orin Fuller, James L. Bisho]), John 
S. Rolph, Selectmen and .\ssessors ; Thomas H. Bates, 
Treasurer; Thomas Chase, Town Agent; Thomas H. 
Bates, Collector of Taxes. 

TROGRESS. 

Thus was the new town organized. Its rich and fer- 
tile lands began to attract the attention of agriculturists 
in other States, and in 1834 Stephen Danforth, John 
Kenney, Alonzo Hatch, and Allen Nason, from New 
Hampshire, became residents. Mr. Danforth settled 
upon Lot No. 49, west of the Bennock road, and kept a 
house of entertainment for many years. In 183S Pliny 
B. Soule and Albert G. Hinds, from Livermore, pur- 
.chased the " Gore " lot and the old saw-mill standing 
thereon, built a stone dam, repaired the old mill, and 
commenced the manufacture of long lumber in 1839. 
But the hard work, and the warfare with the flies and 
mosquitoes, proved too much for Mr. Hinds, and he re- 
lumed to Livermore in 1840. In 1841 Mr. Soule put a 
shingle-machine into his mill, and began the manufacture 
|of shingles. In January, 1844, the mill was destroyed 
by fire. It w.^s rebuilt in the summer of 1844, and in 
the early autumn began the manufacture of long lumber 
|and shingles. In January, 1849, this mill was destro'yed 
by fire. In the spring of 1849 Messrs. Coburn and Mr. 
Ricknell, from Stetson, purchased the privilege of Mr. 
Soule, and built the present mill. Two small mills were 
built on Birch Stream for the manufacture of shingles, 
but both have been destroyed by fire. 

RELIGIOUS HI.STORV. 

On the 23d of August, 1841, the first church in this 
town was organized as a branch of the Free-will Baptist 
church of Bradford. Some years previous to this the 
Methodists had for a time what is called in their polity 
s "class," but no church organization was entered into. 
March 28, 1843, the relation that had existed between 
.he church in Bradford and the branch in Lagrange was 



dissolved, and a new church was organized as "the First 
Free-will Baptist church in Lagrange." This church is 
still maintained, but its pulpit is just now vacant. In 
1879 the first meeting-house in the town was built by the 
society. In 1880 a second house of worship was erected 
and finished outside, but is not yet finished inside. 

A Methodist church was organized in Lagrange about 
two years since, and there is also an "Advent" society in 
town. 

LAGR.\NGE IN THE REIIELLION. 

In suppressing the great Rebellion and maintaining the 
i Nation's life, and the honorable and exalted jjosition it 
had gained among the nations of the earth, the town bore 
a very honorable part. By the report of the Commis- 
sioners on the Equalization of the Municipal W'ar Debts, 
the town was credited with fifty-three men, though at dif- 
ferent times during the Rebellion several more from ]^a- 
grange entered the service, either as volunteers, drafted 
men, or substitutes. The amount of bounty paid to 
soldiers under the different calls of the President for 
men amounted in the aggregate to $1 1,425. There were 
raised by subscription and by the town in recruiting ex- 
penses $380, thus imposing a tax upon the inhabitants of 
$11,805. 

Henry A. Heal, of this town, was so unfortunate as to 
be taken prisoner, and was confined for several months 
in one of the Southern hells — called a "prison." The 
bones of several of her brave sons whiten on Southern 
plains or lie buried in Soilthern graves, while the mourn- 
ers still go about the streets. 

THE RAILROAD. 

In June, 1868, work commenced here on the Ban- 
gor & Piscataquis Railroad. The ground was broken in 
front of where the Lagrange Station now stands, the 
Hon. Hannibal Hamlin enjoying the high honor of cast- 
ing the first shovelful! of earth. The headciuarteis of the 
contractors, while building the road from Oldtown to 
Dover, were at the Dirigo House at Lagrange Corner. 

At a town meeting, called for the purpose of consider- 
ing the propriety of aiding in the building of this road, 
it was voted to take stock in it to the amount of $5,000, 
the money to be paid (and it was paid) when the track 
was laid to the south line of the town. 

INDUSTRIE.S. 

The different trades are well represented here by one 
sleigh- and carriage-maker, three blacksmiths, and three 
house-builders. You can buy your dry goods and gro- 
ceries at five different stores, and your millinery and 
fancy goods at another. Messrs. Hathorn, Foss & Co., 
at their steam-mill on Birch Stream, do a large business 
in the manufacture of long lumber, lemon and orange 
boxes for the Sicily and Florida markets, vegetable crates 
for the \Vest Indies, and cranberry boxes for Massa- 
chusetts. Thomas S. Heal & Son cut shingles and spool 
stock at their mill on Dead Stream. 

THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE 

has been well sustained, first by the \Vashingtonians, 
then by the Sons of Temperance, and at present by the 
Good Templars, who have a flourishing lodge composed 



402 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



largely of young gentlemen and ladies, the pride of the 
present and the hope of the future. Composite Lodge, 
Free and Accepted Masons, and the Katahdin Grange 
No. I20, Patrons of Husbandry, are also associations in 
this town. 

STATISTICS. 

Lagrange had a jjopulation of 336 by the census of 
1S40, 4S2 in 1850, 690 in 1S60, 622 in 1S70, and 721 
in 1880. 

Its polls in 1S60 numbered 140; in 1870, 171; in 
1880, 188. Estates for these several years, $95,835, 
$154,425, and $202,673. 

A GLIMTSL^ .\HE.\D. 

A prosperous and happy future awaits the town if great 
caution is exercised in the selection of officers to manage 
its financial affairs, ever remembering that sin is a re- 
proach to any people and that righteousness exalteth a 
town as well as a nation. 

PUBLIC SERV.'\NTS. 

The following-named gentlemen have been elected 
Representatives to the State Legislature from the district 
of which Lagrange comprises a part : Stephen Danforth, 
the first elected, NVhig, 1837 ; William Head, Democrat, 
1845; William Banton, Abolitionist, 1S54; re-elected 
1858; Hazen W. Danforth, Republican, 1864; Pliny 
B. Soule, Republican, 1868; Jotham Moulton, Republi- 
can, 1874; George W. Jones, Greenbacker, 1878. 

The following are the town officers for 1881 : Jacob 
Bemis, J. R. Herrick, H. H. Bilington, Selectmen ; F. 
E. Freese, Town Clerk ; E. Danforth, Treasurer; H. H. 
Bilington, Collector; H. B. Dyer, W. A. Snell, Con- 
stables; Pliny B. Soule, William Banton (Quorum), 
Justices. 

Eugene Danforth is Postmaster at Lagrange, J. P. 
Stearns at South Lagrange. 

.SKETCHLS OF SETTLERS 

Origen Fuller, of Lagrange, is a son of Orin Fuller, who 
came to Lagrange in 1823, when it was called Oxford 
Township. He was born in Livermore, Maine, in 1803, 
and married Mary Hobbs, who was born in December, 
t8o6, and is still living. Mr. Fuller was one of the first 
two who made a yjermanent settlement in town. He 
was always a prominent man here, and generally held 
soiiie local office. He was the first Postmaster in the 
town, being appointed in 1826, and held the office until 
1830. He died November 17, 1869. The other surviv- 
ing members of his family are Samuel, of Bangor, Maine; 
John H., of Snn Francisco, California, and Michael, of 
Lagrange. Origen Fuller married Priscilla R. Henderson, 
November i, 1854, They have two children, May 
and Alice. Mr. Fuller is a house carpenter and farmer. 

John R. Hcri-ick, of Lagrange, is a son of Ebenezer 
and Experience Herrick. Ebenezer Herrick was a son 
of Joseph Herrick. Ebenezer Herrick came to La- 
grange from .(jreene, Maine, in 1S25, and settled on the 
place now owned by John R. He had four children, 
viz: Albion, deceased; Lyman, now in Milo, Maine; 
Maria Antoinette, wife of William B. Danforth, of La- 



grange, and John R., the youngest. John R. was born 
July 23, 1832, m Lagrange. He settled on the old 
homestead, where he has since lived. He married Mary 
A. Rollins, daughter of WiUi.im O. Rollins, of Orneville, 
Maine. They have three children, viz : Omar, Celia J., 
and Gertrude M. Mr. Herrick has held the office of 
Selectman several times. 

.R. J. McDuff, of Lagrange, is a son of Robert Mc- 
Duff, of Chester, New Hampshire, who came to Li- 
grange in 1830. He married Ruth B. Emery, of Med- 
ford, Piscataquis county, Maine. They had five children, 
viz: Mary J., Hannah A., Laura M., Robert J., and 
Hiram : all are deceased except Laura M. and Robert J. 
The latter was born February 16, 1833, and has always 
lived in Lagrange, where he has followed the business 
of farming. He was in the army two years, being a 
member of the Second Cavalry, Maine. He has traveled 
quite extensively. He married Miss Melissa B. Emery, 
and has three children living, having lost two in infancy. 
Their names are Harry L , Laura M., and Cora E. Mr. 
McDuff lives one' mile east of Lagrange village, where he 
has a good farm and a fine set of farm buildings. 

John Kenney, of Lagrange, who settled here in 1834, 
was born in Farinington, New Hampshire, May 20, 1805. 
He married Elizabeth B. Willey, who was born in New 
Durham, New Hampshire, November 3, 1809. They 
were married May 7, 1835. Mr. Kenney is the only 
member of his father's family now living. In 1854 his 
buildings were burned and a promising son, Harry, per- 
ished in the flames. Mr. Kenney has seven children liv- 
ing: Augusta A., Mary A., Hattie L, not married; the 
married are Mrs. N. E. Bemis, Mrs. A. S. Smith, C. F. 
Kenney, and Mi's. M. T. Hinkley. Mrs. Kenney died 
October 15, 1875. 

Pliny B. Soule, of Lagrange, is a son of Nathan and 
Nancy Soule {>u'e Nancy Howland). Nathan Soule was 
a son of Joshua Soule; he was born July 2, 1784, and 
married Nancy Howland, daughter of Elijah Howland, 
June 29th, 1S06. Their family consisted of eleven chil- 
dren, viz: Ira W., deceased; Pliny B.; Fanny C, de- 
ceased; Sophronia, deceased; Francis A., Methodist 
minister at Sing Sing, New York; Nancy H., deceased; 
Nathan A., .Methodist minister at Natick, Massachusetts; 
James H., Methodist minister at Rockford, Illinois; 
Mary J., wife of John R. Kenney, Lowell, Massachu- 
setts; Elijah H. and Joshua (twins), deceased. Nathan 
Soule was a brother of Bishop Soule, of the Methodist 
Episcopal church. ' Pliny B. Soule, the subject of this 
sketch, was born July 25, 1810, in Avon, Maine. He 
married .\nna Carroll, a lineal descendant of Charles 
Carroll of Carrolton. She was born April 30, 1812. 
They were married February 13, 1839. Their family is 
as follows: Augustus C, living in Lagrange; Maria E. 
(Mrs. Joseph P. Rogers), of Bangor; Lewis W. deceased. 
Mr. Soule settled in Lagrange in 1838, after working out 
for some years. He cleared up the farm where he now 
lives, near the village. Mr. Soule has long been a promi- 
nent man in his town. He has held the following offices: 
Selectman, Clerk, Treasurer, Town .\gent, Collector, 
Superintending School Committeeman, Justice of the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



403 



Peace and Quorum five times, or thirty years. Some of 
the above named offices he has held several times. 

Martin Sneli, of Lagrange, is a son of Eleazer Sneli, 
of New Hampshire, though he was a native of Massa- 
chusetts. Eieazer Sneli married Polly Danforth. They 
had nine children, seven of whom are now living, viz: 
Mary, wife of Samuel Robinson, of Conway, New 
Hampshire: Eliza, now Mrs. Joseph Blethen, of Wiscon- 
sin; Eineline, of Springfield, Illinois; Ciarmda, wife of 
John Nickerson, of Tamworth, New Hampshire; Martin 
Willard, of New Hampshire; Alden, now of Boston, 
Massachusetts. Mr. Sneli always followed f:uming for a 
business. He died in 1866. Martin Sneli moved to 
N[aine when he was nineteen years old. He married 
Miss Clarissa While, daughter of Sewell White, of La- 
grange. They have three children: Mary, Roselen, 
and Willard. Mr. Sneli has followed farming principally 
for a business, though he has worked some at the house 
carpenter's trade. He has held several of the town of- 
fices, and some of them for many years. 

Simon H. Kenney, of Lagrange, is a son of Elisa 
Kenney, who was born in Wiscasset, Maine, June 3, 
1777. .-^.t the age of nine he went to Livermore, Maine, 
and moved into Lagrange in 1S41. He was a soldier 
in the War of 181 2. He married Mary P. Hersey 
J.inuary 10, 1795. She died October 15, 1857. Mr. 
Kenney died April 29, 1872. The surviving members 
of his fimilv are Samuel H.; Ira, now living in Iowa; 
Lysander, of Michigan; Costeliow, now in Salem, New 
Hampshire; and Hermon N., of Manteno, Illinois. 
Simeon H. Kenney married Ruth Ann Libby, December 
6, 1854. Their children are Ella A. (deceased). May F., 



Myra E., and Ira B. Mr. Kenney is a farmer and has a 
good farm in Lagrange. He is and has been for a long 
time a Deacon in the Free Baptist church. During the 
Rebellion he enlisted, joining the Eleventh .Maine Vol- 
unteers, and remained to the close of the war. 

Jacob Bemis, of Lagrange, was born July 17, 1832, 
in Livermore, Maine. He is a son of Ale.xander and 
Lydia (Hillman) Bemis. Alexander Bemis was born 
October 6, 1804; Lydia Hillman was born in Martha's 
Vineyard December 3, 1804. Jacob Bemis and Nancy. 
E. Bemis were married September 12, 1862. They have 
two children — Alice H., boin November 17, 1867, and 
Elizabeth B., born November 23, 1S77. Mr. Bemis has 
been one of the Selectmen of Lagrange for several 
years, and Chairman for three years. He was a member 
of the Twenty-second Maine Regiment, from September 
I, 1862, till August, 1S63, when he was mustered out at 
Bangor. He was in the siege of Port Hudson. Mr. 
Bemis is now engaged in farming. 

Cyrus C. Durgin was born in Exeter July 19, 1839. 
He is a son of Martin L. Durgin, who married Emily 
Cogswell. They had nine children who grew to maturity, 
of whom Cyrus is the oldest living. Mr. Durgin is a 
blacksmith by trade, and now lives in Milo. Mrs. Durgin 
died in i88o. Cyrus C. Durgin married Eveline H. 
Bates, daughter of Thomas H. Bates, of Lagrange. 
They have two children, viz : Willard C. and Sarah E. 
Mr. Durgin follows farming for a business. He has 
served on the Board of Selectmen. He was a member 
of Company B, Twentieth Maine Volunteers, and served 
three years. He was wounded in the battle of the 
Wilderness. He now lives on the old Bates place. 



LEVANT. 



GEOGRAPHICAL. 

The present town of Levant was one of the regular 
thirty-six mile townsliips for many years, or until the 
formation of Kenduskeag in 1852, which, as already no- 
ticed, took about half its area from the soil of Levant. 
For the last thirty years, then, it has been among the 
smaller towns in the county, territorially regarded, but 
still among the more populous and important. It is only 
two and one-half miles from Bangor, as measured along 
the north line of Hermon. 

Levant is bounded on the north by Corinth, on the 
east by Kenduskeag and Glenburn ; on the south by Her- 
mon and Carmel ; and on the west by Stetson. It is a 
peculiarity of its situation that but one town, Exeter at 



the northwest, corners upon its corner ; but Kenduskeag 
has its southwest corner within the tract of Levant, as it 
were. That |)ortion of this town which is left by the in- 
trusion of Kenduskeag, as a projection toward Glenburn, 
is about two and one-third miles long from north to 
south, and two and one-eighth miles wide. The south 
and west lines of the town are each six miles in length, 
and the north line about four miles long. 

Levant has no lake or pond, except the expansions cf 
the Little Kenduskeag Stream, the most important water 
of this town. It has its source in three brooks of one 
and one-half to two miles' length apiece, in the northwest 
pert of the town. After their junction it becomes a quite 
respectable stream, receives soon afterwards, a mile weit 



404 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



of West Levant post-office, a good-sized tributary running 
west from Stetson ; and between this point and Carmel, 
which it reaches after a course of nearly five miles in Le- 
vant, it has four tributaries closely resembling each other. 
each heading in two branches, with two of them on the 
west side, and the other two on the east side of the Little 
Kenduskeag. The stream, after flowing through parts 
of Carmel and Hermon, reappears in Levant south of 
Kenduskeag town, and flows in a winding course nearly 
all directions, but making northeastward, till it joins the 
main Kenduskeag Stream, or Kenduskeag River, in Glen- 
burn, less than a mile east of Levant. 

In the central nortli jjart of the town rises the Eve- 
lith Brook, which flows westerly across the angle of 
Kenduskeag to the Kenduskeag River. About half a 
mile from the east line of Levant it receives the Stanley 
Brook, which rises in Levant, almost at the southwest 
corner of Kenduskeag, and flows northerly about three 
miles to the Lvelith, itself receiving a small affluent from 
the west shortly before the junction. In the south cen- 
tral part rises an affluent of the Little Kenduskeag, which 
flows about two miles, taking on the way a small tribu- 
tary from the northeast, and entering the Little Kendus- 
keag near the south line of the town. At its northern- 
most bend, in the "L" of Levant, the stream receives 
two more tiny brooks, one of them rising in Kendus- 
keag. 

Levant, as already suggested, is well settled in nearly 
all parts, and is remarkably well provided with highways. 
The "Avenue road," from Rangor to E.xeter, describes 
almost a precise diagonal through the town, entering near 
the southeast corner, passing Levant and West Levant 
post-offices, and leaving the town east of the northwest 
corner, and about as near it as to the opposite corner 
where it came in. Its total length in this town is a little 
more than eight miles. It is the only road of its direc- 
tion in the town. At School No. 7, near the southwest 
corner of Kenduskeag, it crosses a northeast and south- 
west road from Kenduskeag post-office southwest and 
south by School No. 1 to Hermon. At Levant post- 
office it is crossed by another road having just at the 
village the same general direction as that just mentioned, 
but which runs around from the former at School No. 7, 
by a route north of the Little Kenduskeag, which it 
crosses at the village, and passes southwest and west by 
School No. 12 (where a branch runs south into Hermon), 
crossing beyond that the road from which it started, and 
ending at a north and south road near the south town 
line and the other course of the Little Kenduskeag. The 
latter road comes from the Carmel way, and joins the 
Avenue road three and a half miles north. Near the 
junction, at School No. 13, it starts off a branch west- 
ward across the Little Kenduskeag, just beyond which it 
joins a north and south road along the west bank of that 
stream four miles, from the east and west road through 
West Levant to the south town line. At the store one- 
half mile above School No. 8 a branch runs north of 
west into Stetson, and just below the school another runs 
east through a pretty dense settlement at first, to the 
Kenduskeag post-office road below School No. i. Just 



above School No. i an east road runs to the Avenue 
road just north of the Little Kenduskeag. 

Erom Levant village also run highways south into 
Hermon and east into Glenburn. North of the place a 
road starts for Kenduskeag post-office at School No. 4 
and the cemetery, and a third of a mile out another 
leaves for Kenduskeag. Just east of the West Levant post- 
office a north road pushes straight out for Corinth, 
crossed a mile and a half up by an east and west road 
from the Higginsville way. West of the post-office, with- 
in about half a mile of the town line, another road runs 
northward, to join a highway from Stetson at School No. 
6. The cast and west road through West Levant 
crosses the town entirely, and almost in a straight line. 

Nearly every part of Levant is quite well settled, the 
whole population in 1880 amounting to 1,076. Levant 
post-office (or Wing's Mills) is at the cross-roads in the 
southeast angle of the town, about a mile from the 
corner. It contains the Union Bethel meeting-house, 
School-house No. 11, and the usual public conveniences 
of a country village, with a mill or two. South Levant 
post-office (Weston's Mill) is four miles due west of Le- 
vant post-office, and on the other or western section of 
the Little Kenduskeag Stream. Here Mr. Ruel W. Wil- 
son, the postmaster, has a saw-mill; the Town Farm is 
just at the east end of the village; School No. 8 on the 
west side of the Stream; and there is a store or two. 
West Levant post-office (Roger's Stand) is in the north 
central part of the town, and about halfway across its 
narrower breadth. Here are School No. 5, a hotel, store, 
blacksmith shop, etc. 

The surface of Levant is somewhat uneven, but the 
soil is fertile, and produces abundantly. 

PIONEER SETTLEMENT. 

The original settlers of the tract occupied by Levant 
are understood to have been the brothers George 
and William Tibbetts, and two other persons named 
Boobar and Knowland; but the date or dates of their 
coming are not certainly ascertained. They were on the 
ground, however, sometime before 1800. Mr. William- 
son, the historian, says that the first settler in Levant was 
Joseph Clark, one of the refugees who fled with Colonel 
Jonathan Eddy from Nova Scotia after the unlucky 
affair at Fort Cumberland in September, 1776, and that 
Clark began to fell trees in Levant as early as 1789. 

In 1 80 1 came the celebrated pioneer Major Moses 
Hodsdon, from South Berwick, Massachusetts. He lo- 
cated upon the tract now occupied, in part, by Kendus- 
keag village, but which was for a long term of years a 
part of Levant. The next year this energetic and able 
man put up a saw- and grist-mill, three dwelling-houses, 
a store, and a blacksmith shop; and thus early made the 
beginning of what has become a prosperous settlement. 
Mr. Williamson says his was the twelfth building put up 
for residence in the town. These were the first frame 
buildings erected in this region, and, indeed, were the 
only ones of the kind then standing on this line between 
the vicinity of Bangor and the Kennebec River. Major 
(afterwards General) Hodsdon invested largely in landed 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



405 



properties, and engaged in civil engineering? and survey- 
ing over a very wide tract of this tlien new country. He 
became, quite famous in the Aroostook War and other- 
wise, as is elsewhere related. He was the first Postmaster 
in Levant. 

Ceneral Hodsdon's brother and other settlers, some of 
whom are named in our sketch of Kenduskeag town, fol- 
lowed him soon to the promised land near the Penobscot. 
Their coming gave an impetus to the infant settlement, 
and its early growth was somewhat rapid. 

ORG.\NIZ.VnON. 

By 1 81 3 the number of settlers gave warrant to the 
erection of this tract as a town. It had originally been 
a part of the large Kenduskeag Plantation ; and when 
Hangor was carved out of that, February 25, 1791, the 
name seems to have been passed westward, at least as 
soon as the population upon the present soil of Levant 
justified organization as a plantation. In 1792 the town- 
ship constituting the subsequent town was sold by Mas- 
sachusetts to William Wetmore. It e.xisted as Kendus- 
keag Plantation until June 14, 1813, when it became one 
of only four towns incorporated that year in tiie District 
of Maine. It was in the midst of the last war with 
Great Britain, and it was not a great year for the erection 
of new municipalities. Levant was the one hundred and 
ninety-eighth town created in the District. 

PROGRESS. 

The first bridge over the Kenduskeag River, above 
Bangor, was built at Kenduskeag village, long within the 
territory of Levant, in 1802. 

Kenduskeag Plantation "and adjacent places" had a 
population of 129 in 1800. In 1810, without "adjacent 
places," the plantation had 146. Ten years thereafter 
Levant town had 143 ; 747 in 1830 (a truly remarkable 
growth if correctly reported), 1,061 in 1840, 1,841 in 
1850, 1,301 in i860 (after carving Kenduskeag from its 
territory in part), 1,159 '•'' 187°) ^'id 1,076 in 1880. 

The number ot polls in the plantation in 181 2 was 
32, with estates valued for purposes of taxation at $825. 
In 1820 the polls in Levant were 29, estates $16,687; in 
i860, 273 and $184,851; 1870, 269 and$277,449; 1880, 
279 and $282,149. 

BUSINESS. 

The Mt. Pleasant and Silver Mining Company, for op- 
erations in this town, was organized some years ago, with 
Mr. William P. Hubbard, of Bangor, as President, and 
Charles P. Wiggin, Treasurer. 

There are three lumbering establishments in the town, 
two carriage-makers, three smiths, one firm of painters, 
and five general stores — two each at Levant post-otifice 
and West Levant, and one at South Levant. There are 
also two resident clergymen and one physician. 

THE ASSGCI.\TION"S 

in this town are the Crystal Lodge of Independent Order 
of (Jood Temjjlars at South Levant, and the Levant 
(Irange, No. 84, Patrons of Husbandry. 

THE TOWN OFFICERS 

for 1881 were: John White, M. C. Mills, Gilbert Cain, 



Selectmen ; G. W. Read, Town Clerk ; Orrin T. Dore, 

Treasurer; Charles R. Turner, Collector and Constable; 
John White, Charles R. Turner, Constables; Silas White, 
L. S. McLaughlin, O. T. Dore, School Committee; Dan- 
iel Hall, C;. W. Read, Hiram Church, Albert H. Waugh, 
O. T. Dore, Alphonso Haskell ((Quorum), T. H. Wiggin 
(Trial), Justices. Mr. Alphonso Haskell is Postmaster 
at Levant, Reed W. Wilson at South Levant, and ('liarles 
C. Simpson at West Levant. 

s BIOGR.\PHIC.\L SKETCHE.S. 

Sewall Stanley was born in Winthrop, Kennebec 
county, Maine, in 1799, where he remained until twenty- 
four years of age. He came to Penobscot county in 
1823, and purchased the farm on which he now lives 
from parties in New Hampshire, and by paying cash in 
hand it cost him but two dollars per acre. His farm, 
when he purchased it, was a wilderness; but in pioneer 
style he went to work, cleared up the land, and by indus- 
try and economy has succeeded in securing for himself 
and family one of the finest farms in the town of Levant, 
if not in the county. He was Secretary of the first re- 
ligious society of the town of Levant. This society first 
met at the house of Deacon Nathan Fisk, and they em- 
ployed the Rev. Royal W. Spaulding, who was ordained 
in a barn then owned by P. C. Clark. Mr. Stanley was 
also Secretary of the first temperance society ever organ- 
ized in this part of the county. This society was formed 
at Kenduskeag village, and they were hooted at by the 
outside public and dubbed "the long-heeled boys," and 
various other epithets. He was also first Secretary of 
the first county agricultural society formed in the county 
of Penobscot. He held the office of Justice for four- 
teen years, and frequently during his term of office was 
called upon by parties to go miles from any habitation to 
make out and acknowledge deeds. He has repeatedly 
held the office of Selectman of the town of Levant and 
Chairman of the Board for many years, and has always 
taken a deep interest in religious matters. He was for 
many years Superintendent of the Union Sabbath-school, 
and contributes liberally to the support of the gospel. 
He has always been an earnest temperance worker and 
was on one occasion defeated for Captain of a company 
of militia on a temperance issue. The tickets on the 
occasion were headed "Rum" and "No Rum," and the 
"No Rum" ticket was defeated. In agricultural matters 
he was always dee[)ly interested, as his surroundings will 
amply prove. He followed school teaching for many 
years; was also Superintendent of Schools in his town 
for over twenty-five years, and always took an active part 
in educational matters. He is a selfeducated and self 
made man, and although now eighty-two years of age, 
can handle a gun and kill game equal to any young man. 
He has never taken any medicine from a i)hysician. Dur- 
ing the days of anti-slavery he was foremost in the organ- 
zation of the Anti-slavery ])arty in his State. He has 
always taken an active part in political matters; was a 
Whig until the organization of the Republican party, 
when he became a member of that jwrty. He is a mem- 
ber of the Congregational church, and has filled all the 



4o6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



offices in the church from time to time. He married 
Lucy Philbrook, a native of Winthrop, who died in Le- 
vant in 1866. He is the father of si.\ children: Charles 
H., Hves in Levant; Annie E., died in Levant; Mary J-i 
married J. B. Nickels, and lives in Levant. Three died 
in infancy. 

Colonel Harrison Waiigh was born in Reedfield in 
iSii, where he received a common school education. 
He came to Penobscot county with his father in 1824. 
In 1841 he married Margaret Rittol, a native of Dres- 
den, and first se'.tled on the farm on which he now lives. 
He is one of the first settlers in South Levant, and is the 
only one of the first pinoeers living in the town. 
When eighteen years of age he was chosen Lieutenant of 
a company of militia in Levant, and was promoted to 
Captain, and from the rank of Captain to Lieutenant- 
Colonel of the Third Regiment, First Brigade, Third 
Division. He has held the office of Selectman of Le- 
vant four years, and Chairman of the Board one year. 
He always took an active part in educational matters 
and was Chairman of the Board of Trustees for many 
years in Levant High Schoal. He is a farmer, in which 
business he is now engaged, and is one of the most 
thorough going farmers in his township. When he 
started out in life he had but little means, but by indus- 
try and economy has saved for himself and family a nice 
home. In politics he was originally a Jacksonian Dem- 
ocrat, but at the organization of the Republican party he 
became a Republican. He is the father of five children : 
Albert H., who married Emma R. Wiggin and lives at 
home; Rachel J., died at home; Cyrus A., died at 
home ; Nancy, died at home ; Annie E., married J. F. 
Beath, and lives in Kenduskcag. Albert H. was born in 
Lev.int in 1S43, where he received a common school 
education ; he also attended the Levant High School 
several terms and studied at the East Maine Conference 
Academy and Gould's Academy for several terms. He 
has followed school-teaching for the past eighteen years, 
and has taught forty terms of school within that time. 
He has been a member of the School Committee ten 
years, and has been a member of the Town Republican 
Committee for several years. In 1870 he married Em- 
ma R. Wiggin, a native of Brighton, Maine, and is the 
father of three children, Elbert IL, Annie B., and Madge 
E. In 1864 he enlisted under Colonel James H. Jones, 
of the United States Marine Corps, and was stationed at 
the Kittery Navy Yard, w^here he remained thirteen 
months. 

Eli Weston was born in 1781 in Soinerset county, 
Maine. He came to Penobscot county in 1832, and 
settled on the farm now owned by Charles Reed in Le- 
vant. He married Louise Stewart in Somerset county. 
She died in Levant in 1834. He died in Levant in 
1861. He was the father of ten children, four girls and 
six boys: Samuel S., Daniel F., Isabel, Louisa, Eli, Jr.. 
Edwin, Josiah K., Ferdinand, Sarah E., Lydia C. Hon. 
Joseph K. Weston was born in Bloonifield, Somerset 
county, Maine, in 1816, where he received a common 
school education. In 1832 he came to Penobscot 
county with his father, where he engaged in lumbering 



and farming. In 1844 he married Lucy J. Wilson in 
Bingham. In 18S0 he sold out his mill to R. W. Wilson 
and turned his attention exclusively to farming, in which 
business he is now engaged. He was engaged in the 
mercantile business in South Levant for over twenty- 
five years, where he held the office of Postmaster during' 
that time. He then resigned in favor of R. W. Wilson, 
the present Postmaster. He has also held the office of 
Selectman for over six years, and was Chairman of the 
Board two years. He was elected to represent his class 
in the State Legislature in 1872, and has always taken 
an active part in the cause of temperance. He has 
had five children: Howard W., Mattie B, Flavill, and 
two died in infancy. 

Hon. John White was born in Skowhegan in 1831. 
He came to Penobscot when thirteen years of age and 
settled at Exeter,'where he received a common school 
education ; he also attended the Corinth Academy for 
a short time. In 1S54 he married Lovicy Tibbetts, 
a native of Exeter. He lived in Exeter until 1869 ,» 
while there he held the office of Selectman three years 
and Collector of Takes eleven years. He came to Levant 
in 1869, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. 
He has held the office of Selectman of Levant for eight 
years and is Selectman of the town at the present time, 
and has been Chairman of the Board for the past seven \ 
years. In 1877, and again in 18S0, he was elected to 
represent his class in the State Legislature — in 1877 on 
the Republican ticket, and in 1880 on the Greenback 
ticket. He is the father of five children : Arey, Silas, 
May, Frank, and Sadie. 

Colonel Simon G. Jerrard was born in Plymouth, Maine, 
in 1828, where he received a common school education. 
He attended the Waterville Classical Institute two years 
and at the age of twenty engaged in the lumber business, 
at which he continued until the breaking out of the Re- 
bellion, when he organized the Twenty-second Maine 
Regiment at Camp Pope, in Bangor, in 1862, and joined 
the Nineteenth Army Corps, under General Banks, in 
Louisiana. He took jjart in the battles of Iiish Bend 
and Port Hudson, and remained in the ser\ice until 
1863, when he was mustered out with his regiment and 
returned to Levant, his present home, and engaged in 
farming. He has held the office of Selectman of Levant 
for fourteen years, and was cliairman of the board the 
greater part of the time; he has also held the office of 
County Commissioner three terms, twice by election 
and once by appointment, and was twice elected High 
Sheriff of the county, and at present is one of the direc- ; 
tors of the Maine State Fair. He takes -a deep interest 
in agricultural matters and is one of the most extensive 
farmers in the county, where he has one of the best im- 
proved farms. He married Samantha J. Crosby, of 
Plymouth, in 1S54. 

Greenleaf P.. Harvey was born in Glenburn in 1808. 
When six years of age he removed to Corinth with his 
parents, where he received a common school education. 
He was a millman by trade, in which business he has 
always engaged. He built several mills during his life in 
Penobscot and Aroostook counties. In 1846 he moved 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



407 



to Kenduskeag, where lie built tlie mill now owned by 
Mr. Lincoln, of Uangor. In 1870 he came to Levant 
and settled on the farm now owned by his son, H. D. 
Harvey. He married .\bigail Dexter, a native of Apple- 
ton, Maine, and died in Levant in 1872. His wife sur- 
vives him. He was the father of fourteen children : 
Loann, who married Henry Stackpole, lives in Kendus- 
keag ; Henry D., married twice ; his first wife was Susan 
Smith, who died ; he then married Harriet J. Smith, and 
lives in Levant. Mary Ann, niariied Seymour Steele, 
lives in California; Frank, married Ellminia Hodsdon, 
and lives in Kenduskeag ; Lydia A., married Herman 
Kendal, and lives in Levant ; Greenleaf, married Augusta 
Hodsdon, and lives in Kenduskeag ; Eionia E., married 
Stephen I. Thayer, and lives in California ; Harriet A., 
married H. J. Herrick, and lives in Levant ; Eliza E., 
married Lawrence .McCully, and lives in the Sandwich Is- 
lands, where he fills the office of Sujireme Judge; Flora J., 
married Lawson H. Smith, and lives in Levant ; Ora M., 
married Evylin Hodsdon, and lives in Kenduskeag ; 
OriUa A., married John Mason, died in California; Orissa 
M., died in Kenduskeag, Lelia G., married Edgar Hurd, 
and lives in Dakota Territory. Henry D. was born in 
Corinth in 1832. When thirteen years of age he went 
to Kenduskeag with his father, where he received a com- 
mon school education. He learned the trade of mill- 
man from his father, and has attended closely to the 
business and has worked in a mill every year for the past 
forty years. In 1867, in company with his brother 
Greenleaf and H. J. Herrick, they purchased the mill 
which they now run in Levant on the Little Kenduskeag, 
from Simon R. White, where they manufacture long and 
short lumber, staves, shingles, and laths, and in connec- 
tion with their mill they also manufacture cheese-boxes 
and stave machines. He has held the office of Select- 
man of Levant one year. In 1854 he married Susan 
Smith, a native of Maine, who died in Kenduskeag ; he 
then married Harriet J. Smith. He is the father of four 
children: Frank L., who died young; Nellie A., married 
William W. Corson, and lives in Levant ; Susie E.. died 
in Levant ; Lawrence M., lives at home. 

George Waugh was born in Reedfield. He came to 
Penobscot county in 1825, and settled on the farm now 
owned by his sons Cyrus and Joseph. He was twice 
elected County Commissioner, and held the offices of 
Selectman and Town Treasurer. He married Nancy 
Turner, by whom he had six children — Elizabeth, Har- 
rison, George, Charles, Joseph, and Cyrus. .Mr. Waugh 
died in 1847, and his wife in 1871. Cyrus Waugh was 
born in Reedfield in 1822, and came here with his father, 
where he received a good common school education. 
He has followed the vocation of a farmer all his life. 
He has served as Selectman and Town Treasurer, and in 
1 868 was elected by his class to the State Legirlature, 
where hi served one year. In 1853 he married Cynthia 
Twombly, a native of New Hampshire, and has had. six 
children — Annie C, deceased: Ellwin F.; Almyn C; 
Emma I., deceased; Victor E., and Winnie S., all living 
at home. 

James Budge was born in Bangor in 1777, and when 



scarcely more than a boy he entered upon ihe toilsome 
life of a sailor, which he followed for many years as cap- 
tain of a vessel engaged in tliecarrjing trade from Boston 
to foreign ports. During the war of 181 2, when the 
British captured Bangor, he was accused of piloting their 
fleet ujuhe river, but afterwards proved his innocence to 
the satisfaction of all. He married Nancy Nickels, a 
native of Boston, in 1803. His death occurred in Ban- 
gor in 1825, and that of his wife in Corinth in 1S33. To 
them were born seven children — Sirah, Margaret, Ase- 
nus, John (drowned), Elizabeth, Jolin (second), and 
Nancy. 

Hon. John B. Nickels was born in Bangor in 1820. 
In his native place he learned the trade of house carpen- 
ter, <ind in 1840 moved to Corinth, where he pursued 
his railing until the breaking out of the war. While in 
Corinth he served as Town Clerk for many years. In 
1859 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1S61 
helped organize Company H of the Fifteenth .Maine In- 
fantry, receiving a commission as First Lieutenant. He 
took part in the battles of .Mansfield, Louisiana, Pleasant 
Hill, Cane River, and Mansura Plains, and was taken 
prisoner at .\lexandria, Louisiana, by the rebels under 
Dick Taylor, and sent to Shreveport, where he was im- 
prisoned six months before being exchanged. He was 
under General Butler at the capture of New Orleans. In 
1863 he was promoted to a captaincy, and was mustered 
out of the service at Stevenson, Alabama, in March, 1865. 
At the close of the war he returned to Corinth, and two 
years later removed to Kenduskeag. In the latter place 
he remained eight years, since which he has been a resi- 
dent of Levant. While in Kenduskeag he was elected to 
the State Senate, in 1S71-72. In 1844 he married Mary 
J. Stanley, to whom has been born three children — Ellen, 
married John Dolliver, and lives in Kenduskeag; Harry 
L. is engaged in mining in California, and Esper A. lives 
at home. 

.Anson C. Jerrard was born in Plymouth in 1834. In 
1859 he went to California and engaged in mining in 
company with Charles Crosby. After three years he re- 
turned to Maine and sold his interest in the mine. He 
then went to .\ppleton, Wisconsin, and engaged in the 
manufacture of carriage materials, and after two years he 
returned to Pittsfield, Maine, and engaged in mercantile 
business. In 1S71 he purchased the farm on which he 
now lives, and engaged in the cultivation of fruit. In 
1863 he entered the army as Second Lieutenant of Com- 
pany H, Twenty-second Maine Infantry, and after service 
was mustered out in 1864. He married Arabella Far- 
num in 1820, and has two children — Charles H. and 
John. 

John C. Clement was born in U'intcrport in 1807, 
where he remained until twenty-one years of age, when 
he went to Lincoln. In 1843 he removed to Penobscot 
county and settled in Kenduskeag, on the farm now 
owned by .Abner F. Clement, where he manufactured the 
Clement horse hoe. He married Lucy Liitleficld in 
1S29, and died in 1869; his wife survives him. They 
had a family of seven children: Edmund, married Anna 
P. Towle, and lives in Levant; Charles L., married Mary 



4o8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



Davis, and after her death he married Emma Garland; 
(ieorge M., married Ellen Kartlett and lives in Corinth; 
John, married Susan Off, and died in 1868; Daniel, died 
in the war of the Rebellion ; Albert, married Ella Shep- 
herd, and died in i&t:^; Abncr F., married Melissa 
Towle, and after her death was again married, to Dora 
Averill. Edmimd was born in Levant in 1833, and has 
been dealing largely in Poland China hogs and Hereford 
cattle. His first wife, Anna P. Towle, died in 1869, 
leaving five children. He afterward married Anna T. 
Fogg, by whom lie has had four children: Lizzie E., who 
died in infancy; Dudley E.; Anna C; and Ruel F. 

Captain Elijah Clement was born in Waldo county in 
i8i8. -After he became of age ho worked at the cooper 
trade in 15angor for ten years; he then purchased a vessel 
and followed the sea for some nine years, since which he 
has been engaged in fanning. He has served as Select- 
man of Levant three years; was Chairman of the Board 
in Cllenburn one year, and was a member of the City 
Council in Bangor one year. In 1841 he married Ange- 
line Dean, who bore him three children and died in 1847. 
In 1849 he married Eliza K. Dean, who is the mother of 
seven children: Josephine, who died in Bangor; (ieor- 
giana D., also died in Bangor ; Elijah E., married Emma 
Cunningham, and was lost with his vessel and crew at 
sea in 1876; Abbie A., married Edwin O. AVilkinson, and 
lives in Revere, Massachusetts; Olin L., lives in Mon- 
tana ; Halowell F., is engaged in the practice of the law 
in Montana ; Webster B., lives in Biddeford, engaged at 
dentistry ; Nellie E., lives at home; Freddie G., lives in 
Pittsburg ; Willie, died at home. 

Nathaniel Dore was born in Shapleigh, Maine. When 
a young man he married Mary P. Smith, in Harmony, 
Somerset county, and raised a large family. He came to 



Penobscot county about 1850, and settled in Garland, 
where he died. His family consisted of twelve children; 
True W., Mason, Dudley, Searls, Sarah, Nancy, Mary P., 
Hannah, Elkins, Isaiah, Calvin, and Eliza. Searls Dore 
was born in Harmony in 181 1. In 1844 he settled in 
Stetson, on the farm now owned by Aaron Fitz. While 
there he was one of the Selectmen one term. In 1869 
he sold his farm and purchased the place he now occu- 
pies in Levant. In 1838 he married Lucinda Hurd and 
has seven children: Helen F., married James Emmer- 
son and lives in Hermon; Sarah M., married James 
Wiggins; Alvah C., is in Oregon; Orrin T., married 
Norah Libby; Royal H., died; Royal H. (second), died; 
and Ellen, died in infancy. 

Rev. Ira H. Brown was born in Palermo, Maine, in 
1 818, where he received a common school education. 
He was ordained a minister in Somerville, December 20, 
1848, and first had charge of the Baptist church at 
Thomaston. He made several changes during the next 
fifteen years, and 1865 found him settled on the farm he 
now ocupies in Levant. He preached in a neighboring 
school-house four years, when a church was organized 
and a house of worship built. In July, 1869, he married 
Belsorah Turner, a native of Palermo. 

Orrin T. Dore was born in Stetson in 1855. When 
14 years of age he came to Levant with his father and 
attended the common schools, also the High School at 
Hampden. In 1874 he went to Oregon and engaged 
in mining and stock-raising, and in 1878 returned to Le- 
vant, where he engaged in the mercantile business. He 
has had the otifice of Treasurer of Levant for two years, 
and is also a member of the school board and a Justice 
of the Peace. In 1878 he married Norah Libby, by 
whom he has one child, Thes. 



i 



LINCOLN 



Lincoln is by far the largest town in Penobscot county, 
comprising about fifty-seven thousand acres. Its front 
on the Penobscot is ten miles; its northeast line four 
miles long; its east boundary five and three-fourths; south, 
seven and one-half; and southwest, a little less than five 
miles. Its greatest length, from the west corner on the 
river, is eleven miles; greatest breadth, from the north cor- 
ner, likewise on the river, to the south line, eight and one- 
halfmiles. It is bounded on the northwest by the Penob- 
scot, beyond which are Mattamiscontis and Chester; on 
the northeast by Winn; on the east by Lee; on the south 
by Lowell and Burhngton; and on the southwest by En- 



field. The large, unorganized Township No. 2 corners on 
the Penobscot, a mile and a half northwest of Lincoln 
village; and Township No. 3 comes up to the southeast 
corner, where Lee and Burlington also meet. The town, 
from its southwest corner in the Little Cold Stream Pond, 
is thirty miles from the nearest point of Bangor. By its 
size, its natural advantages, and the construction of the 
European & North American Railway the whole length 
of its river-front, Lincoln may be regarded as very 
favorably situated, and it has already a considerable 
population. 

In that part of the Penobscot which flows past Lin- 







HA ^' 



iiO^ 



f 




'i^€4.tr::tyf^^- 



0/ ■ /y 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



409 



coin, are ten or twelve islands of the Indian reservation. 
Among the larger of these are Hersey and Nathan 
Islands 'at the northeastward; Mattanawcook, opposite 
the outlet of Mattanawcook Pond; and Mahockanock, 
at the southwestward, shortly before the river leaves the 
town. 

The waters ot Lincoln are numerous and important. 
We have mentioned Little Cold Stream Pond, in which 
the town has its southwest corner. It is a good-sized 
sheet, about a mile each in length and breadth, with the 
tiny Birch Island in the north part; but is little more 
than a headwater to the greatly larger Cold Stream Pond, 
which has been described in our account ot Enfield. 
East of Little Cold Stream are three other ponds in this 
chain of lakes. The nearest of these takes the designa- 
tion Cold Stream, but is much smaller than its big name- 
sake in Enfield. It is, however, nearly a mile and a half 
in e.vtreme length, but nowhere more than a third of a 
mile in breadth. The next lake east — a third Cold 
Stream Pond, singular to say — is shorter, only about a 
mile long, but wider (two thirds of a mile), and has about 
the same superficial area. A little northeast of this is 
the first of the chain — the Little Round Pond, which is 
rather an ellipse than a circle, half a mile in its diameter 
north and south, and one-third of a mile on its shorter 
diameter. It is wholly in Lincoln, while the nearest 
Cold Stream Pond dips down into Burlington. These four 
lakes are connected by short and generally narrow outlets. 
North of Little Cold Stream is a small lake, connected 
with it by a similar short outlet. One-third of a mile 
west of Little Round is the first of another series of lakes, 
whose waters do not find their way to the Passaduinkeag, 
as do the others, but directly to the Penobscot. The 
Upper Pond, receiving a small headwater from Bui ling- 
ton, begins nearly half a mile from the north line of 
that town, and stretches one and a half miles to the 
northwest, with an average breadth of little more than 
half a mile. .\n outlet of half a mile's length connects 
it with Folsom Pond, a smaller sheet, being less than a 
mile long and about a third of a mile broad. Into its 
mile-long outlet, a little less than half-way out, come the 
waters of Crooked Pond, a lake of about the same area 
as Folsom, but somewhat differently shaped, and lying in 
the same direction as that and the Upper Pond. It is 
situated less than half a mile from the outlet. Matta- 
nawcook Pond, which receives the flow of all the others, 
leans more to the westward than its fellows. It is one 
and one-fourth miles long, and a little more than half a 
mile if. greatest breadth, though its average width is 
hardly more than one-third of a mile. .A.t one of the 
ends of the line of greatest breadth, a little bay on the 
north shore, comes in the Dead Stream, which heads in 
two branches in the central eastern part of the town, 
and flows west about three miles to the Pond. Nearly 
south from it, on the other shore, is the mouth of Rocky 
Brook, which also has two heads, both rising within half 
a mile of the Cold Stream chain. The Mattanawcook 
Pond debouches through Lincoln village in a broad out- 
let of a mile long to the Penobscot. 

Three miles northeast of the Upper Pond still another 



beautiful series of lakes begins. Caribou Pond is the 
first, lying northeast and southwest, in size about one 
mile, by one half-mile. At a bay on the north is the out- 
let of Egg Pond, a water of perhaps a mile's length, in 
outline bearing some resemblance to a very badly battered 
egg. Long Pond connects closely with Caribou. It lies 
from southeast to northwest, and has a length of a trifle 
over two miles and an average width of perhaps one- 
third of a mile. Just beyond its foot is a tiny lake, and 
then, by a short outlet, Camedlasse Pond is reached. 
This lies mostly east and west, and is shaped somewhat 
like a ham, with the narrow part very much bent. The 
length of this water is a little more than a mile, and its 
extreme width, which is on the east shore, two-thirds of a 
mile. Nearly a mile's length of the Combolass Stream 
connects with the middle member of a chain of three 
small ponds, of which the easternmost is Centre Pond, 
lying from east to west, three-fourths of a mile long and 
rather narrow. An outlet of a third of a mile takes its 
waters to the middle sheet, which has about the same 
area, but lies rather in triangular shape. For half a mile 
below, the Combolass Stream carries the flow of all the 
ponds into a still smaller lake, and thence by a short out- 
let across the river road and railroad to the Penobscot. 
Above this mouth the river seems to have no tributaries 
from Lincoln ; but below the Mattanawcook it has four, 
all of them small. In the southeast angle and the cen- 
tral eastern part of the town are the four head-streams of 
-Mattakeunk Pond, in Lee, which unite in Lincoln a short 
distance from the town line, and flow a mile or more in 
one stream to the pond. 

The principal clusters of the eighteen hundred people, 
more or less, which Lincoln contains, are about Lincoln 
village; Lincoln Centre, one and one half miles north of 
the village; East Lincoln, which also has a post-oflnce, 
about the middle of the east town line, on the stage- 
route to Topsfield: the settlement on the road next south 
of this; and the settlement along the river-road in the 
west corner of the town, where are School No. 6 and a 
cemetery. The whole river-road, about ten miles of 
which lie in this town, is quite well settled. From Lin- 
coln village another road runs southwestward into En- 
field, upon which are School No. 4 and many residences. 
A mile out, a road diverges to the southeast, crossing near 
School No. 5 a neighborhood road, which has a branch 
crossing between Cold Stream and Little Cold Stream 
Ponds into Lowell, — and runs between the two small 
Cold Stream Ponds out into Burlington, The Topsfield 
and Lincoln stage route forks nearly two miles east of the 
village, the branches going respectively to Lincoln and 
Lincoln Centre. Two miles after entering the town it 
has a branch running south and southeast past School 
No. II into Lee, where it finally rejoins the stage-road at 
Lee post-office. Between Lincoln Centre and the north 
corner of the town the river highway sends off four neigh- 
borhood roads to the southeast, one of which, passing 
between Long and Camedlasse Ponds, is three miles in 
length, and is joined by another of the roads, crossing at 
the foot of Camedlasse, near the foot of Long Pond. 

Lincoln village is a flourishing place, with an extensive 



4IO 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



tannery and otlier manufactures. It has a railway sta- 
tion, with side-tracks to the tannery and the saw-mill; a 
Congregational church, with the school-house on the 
same lot, and the Mattanawcook Academy building in 
the vicinity; a Methodist Episcopal church, a cemetery, 
and a trotting park west of the town, and a considerable 
business quarter within it. Lincoln Centre has also a 
railway station, with a Baptist church. School No. 2, and 
a fair complement of mills, stores, and shops. The rail- 
road also makes a station four and one-third miles below 
Lincoln village, opposite the settlement near School No. 
6, and calls it South Lincoln, which has yet no post- 
ofifice. About a mile and a half north of east from Lincoln 
Centre, and south of Camedlasse Pond, is the Town 
Farm. East Lincoln post-ofifice, as before noted, is on 
the stage-road to Lee and beyond, and accommodates 
the dense settlement east of School No. 8, and that on 
the road next south. The town abounds in mills and 
other manufacturing enterprises, and must have a pros- 
perous future. 

The surface of Lincoln is broken, and the soil back 
from the rivers is apt to be rocky and hard to cultivate. 
Near the Penobscot the soil is freer from stone and less 
stubborn to the cultivator. A heavy growth of pine tim- 
ber formerly covered this tract, most of which has been 
cleared. 

Part of this extensive town was purchased from the 
State at an early day by Governor Lincoln, of Portland, 
and others ; the rest was mostly sold in lots to actual set- 
tlers. The first of these came in about the year 1825. 
Ainong them and early subsequent comers were Messrs. 
Israel Heald, John Carpenter, Alfred Gates, Benjamin 
Hammond, Stephen Chase, Humphrey Merrill, Ira Fiske, 
and several others. Most of the settlers upon the Lm- 
coln Purchase came from Oxford county, in this State ; 
those on other tracts were largely from New Hampshire. 
The early date after settlement at which the town was 
incorporated, as well as tradition, indicates that the set- 
tlements rapidly increased. The new-comers were intel- 
ligent and enterprising; improvements were promptly un- 
dertaken, and the waters of the Mattanawcook were soon 
turning the wheels of industry, at the point where the 
lower village now stands. It is, as before intimated, a 
fine lumbering tract, with abundant streams for driving, 
and very ready access to the Penobscot. By and by 
came the construction of the fine military road to Houl- 
ton, along the east bank of the river, which gave further 
impetus to growth. 

Within a very few years after the forest was first broken 
by permanent settlers upon the territory, its people were 
ready for the incorporation of a full-fledged town. Ac- 
cordingly, on the 30th of January, 1829, the proper re- 
solve was passed by legislative authority, and the new 
municipality was given the name of Lincoln, in compli- 
ment to the Governor, one of the original proprietors Its 
growth vi'as probably unparalleled by that of any town in 
the county, for its earliest years. 

Lincoln, indeed, was already a flourishing town at the 
period of its formation, having then well toward one 
thousand inhabitants. It had 1,121 people in 1840 



1,356 in 1850, 1,631 in i860, 1,530 in 1870, and 1,659 
in 1880. The increase during the disastrous decade, 
1870-80, when so many towns in this county and 
State fell off sadly, is specially noticeable. 

The valuations in i860 in this town were; Polls, 344; 
estates, $290,455. In 1870: Polls, 389; estates, $343,- 
177. In 1880: Polls, 449; estates, $365,295. 

The Congregational church in Lincoln was organized 
August 3, 1831. It worshipped in unconsecrated build- 
ings until 1840, when a meetinghouse was erected for it 
at the village. The Methodists have also a society and 
church edifice. There is likewise a Calvinistic Baptist 
organization in the town. 

The other societies in Lincoln include the Penobscot 
\alley Lodge Independent Order of Ciood Templars, at 
Lincoln Station; the Starbird Lodge Independent Order 
of Good Templars, at Lincoln Centre; the Mattanaw- 
cook Grange No. 199, Patrons of Husbandry ; and the 
Horeb Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons. 

The business interests of this town are very large. 
There are two hotels — the Lincoln House, at the village; 
and the Penobscot House, at Lincoln Centre. The Matta- 
nawcook Mill Company turns out large quantities of lum- 
ber and the spool-stock of the famous Clark Thread 
Company. Other industries include one grist-mill and 
one saw-mill, with a grocery store, three dry-goods and 
grocery stores, two milliners and dressmakers, two har- 
ness-makers, and one smith at Lincoln Centre; one spool- 
maker and one tailor at South Lincoln; and one maker 
of furniture, coffins, and caskets, one of coffins and 
caskets, one firm of tanners, one of granite and marble 
workers, one wheelwright, three painters, four smiths, two 
masons, two barbers, five dry-goods and grocery stores, 
three dealers in millmery and fancy goods, one dealer in 
jewelry, organs, and picture frames, one in confectionery 
and fruits, one in hardware and stoves, one in groceries, 
one in notions, one drugstore, and one meat -market 
elsewhere, mostly at Lincoln village. 

There are also four resident physicians, two lawyers, 
and one pension notary. 

The officers of the town for 1881 were: Meader P. 
Pinkham, Charles A. Brown, Cyrus Coffin, Selectmen; 
Gideon Stetson, Town Clerk; E. T. Fuller, Treasurer; 
Odell T. Fellows, School Supervisor; John Estes, G. S. 
Kneeland, A. P. Whittier, Fred A. Edwards; Center, 
John P. Hanning, Constables; W. C. Clark, A. AV. 
Weatherbee, James Babcock, Charles Fuller, Alfred 0. 
Ingersoll, Harrison Piper, F. D. Scamman, John P. Han- 
ning (Quorum), John Frost, Eben B. Pike, John Estes 
(Trial); VV. R. Ayer (Dedimus), Justices. 

The Postmaster at the Lincoln office is Harrison 
Piper; at Lincoln Centre, Horatio Gates; at East Lin- 
coln, Mrs. A. Ludden. 

The following notices of the most noted soldiers from 
this town in the late war are extracted from the Adjutant- 
General's reports: 

Captain Osco A. Ellis, of Lincoln, was mustered 
into the service October 19, 1861, and was commissioned 
Second Lieutenant, Company E, First -Regiment 
Cavalry. He was afterwards promoted to First Lieu- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



411 



tenant, and then to Captain. He was killed in action 
at St. Mary's church, June 24, 1864, whilst heading his 
men, wVio were fighting on foot. He was buried one 
mile west of Charles City Court House, near Wilcox's 
Landing, James River, Virginia. The deceased was a 
lawyer by profession, and a young man of fine talents and 
irreproachable character. 

BowDOiN College Roll of Honor. — Prince A. 
Gatchel, born in Lincoln, August, 1841 ; did not complete 
his college course ; was mustered into service August, 
1862, First Maine Heavy Artillery ; Sergeant on recruit- 
ing service in Maine; Second Lieutenant; First Lieu- 
tenant and Captain. 

OTHER BIOGR.APHIC.VL SKETCHES. 

One ol the oldest settlers of IJncoln is Mr. Aaron W. 
Huntress. He is a son of William and Betsey Huntress, 
of Berwick, Maine. William and Betsey' Huntress had 
nine children — Caleb; Rhoda, who is ninety years old 
and lives in Waterboro, Maine ; Robert, Rebecca, 
.Varon W., Hosea, James, Betsey, and Tyreann. Hosea, 
James, Rhoda, and Betsey are living, besides .\aron, the 
subject of this sketch. Aaron Huntress was born June 
II, 1798, and is therefore now eighty-three years old. 
He was born in Waterboro, York county, Maine. After 
becoming of age he first settled in Harrison as a brick- 
maker. Here he lived about ten years, following that 
business most of the time summers and teaching school 
winters. He moved from Harrison to Parkman 
about 1S24, and engaged in fanning and mason 
business till about 1827, when he moved to l^incoln, 
then called Mattanawcook, where he has always since 
lived. When he came here there was not an acre of 
• leared land where the village now stands. There was 
a mill and two small houses. He engaged in brick man- 
ufacture and mason work, which he has since followed 
principally. In 1822 he married Jemima Sampson, 
daughter of James and Jemima Sampson. They have 
had ten children —Jemima, now Mrs. S. H. L. Whittier, 
of Fredericton, New Brunswick ; \Villiam, deceased ; 
Alice, now living with her parents at Lincoln ; Milton 
H., now^ in Colorado; Warren, now in Minneapolis, 
Minnesota; James S., now in California; Adaline, wife 
of Timothy Heald, of this town; Charles, deceased; 
Laura, wife of J. W. Bradbury, of Burlington, Maine, 
and Hannah, now at home. Mr. Huntress has long 
been one of the most prominent men in this town. He 
has been so highly esteemed for his integrity and busi- 
ness ability that he has been given every elective town 
office in the gift of his townsmen, and was sent as a 
Representative to the Legislature in 1869. He con- 
tinued to hold positions of trust and important offices 
in town until within a very few years. He is now pass- 
ing his old age among those whom he has seen grow up 
about him, honored and esteemed by all. He has a 
pleasant home in Lincoln, and still retains his faculties to 
a remarkable degree. 

Solon Gates, who now lives in Lincoln Centre, in this 
county, i?a son of Alfred and Marcia Gates. His father, 
Alfred Gates, married Marcia House, daughter of Moses 



House. Alfred Gates's father was Stephen Gates, of 
Rutland, Massachusetts. Alfred and Marcia Gates came 
to Lincoln Centre in January, 1824. He was the first 
man to fell trees at Lincoln Centre, and made the first 
clearing at the brook called by the Indians Cumalalasse. 
Here he built a log house and reared his familv. Their 
nearest market was Oldtown. He brought with him a 
hand-mill, in which he ground corn and sometimes wheat 
for bread. To this couple were born eight children, four 
of whom are living. His log house was burned, and two 
of his daughters perished in the flames, aged about seven 
and eleven years. Those now living are Solon, Galen, 
and Homer, (the last two named live at Carroll, Maine,) 
j and Harriet, now Mrs. Butterfield, of Springfield. Solon 
! Gates was born April 27, 1804. He spent his boyhood 
on the farm, and has lived here most of the time since. 
Alfred Gates died here in 1846, and Mrs. Gates in 
1859. Solon Gates married Betsey A. Chase for his first 
wife. She died in 1871, and Mr. Gates married for his 
second wife Miss Frances A. Chesley, daughter of David 
and Mary Chesley, of this town, but formerly of Paris 
Oxford county. Mr. Gates has six children by his first 
wife — Horatio, of this town; Ruth, wife of B. Webber; 
Augusta, now Mrs. A. Lindsey, of Carroll ; Alfred, now 
in Chelsea, Massachusetts; S. Decatur, of this town; 
Edwin S., also in Lincoln. 

One of the earliest settlers of J^incoln was Jeremy 
Nelson, who came here in 1824, from Waterford, Maine. 
When he came, there were but few families in town. He 
settled where his son Chester now lives. He married 
Deborah Wheeler, of Greene, Maine. They had twelve 
children, of whom eleven grew to manhood and woman- 
hood ; Eunice, wife of Jonathan Shepley, of Dexter; 
Horatio, now in Lee; Rosina, in LawTence, Massachu- 
setts; Aaron, deceased; Luther, deceased; Orinda, wife 
of Augustus Turner, of LawTence, Massachusetts; 
Chester, of Lincoln; Mehitabel; Sarah, wife of Amasa 
P. I.ibbey; Deborah, deceased, and Jere, deceased. 
Mr. Nelson was prominent in town office during his life. 
He died August 9, 1881. At the time of his death Mr. 
Nelson was preparing a history of Lincoln. Chester 
Nelson was born April 21, 1843. He married Ellen 
Perry, daughter of Temple Perry, of Sherman, Maine, 
and resides on the old homestead, where his father spent 
the greater part of his life. 

The first preacher in the town of Lincoln was Ste- 
phen Chase, who came here from Woodstock, Oxford 
county, in 1825. He was born in Newberry, Massachu- 
setts, January 19, 1772. He married Ruth Tyler, born 
March 12, 1778. He organized the first Calvinist Bap- 
tist church in this town, and preached to this society as 
long as he was able to preach. Stephen and Ruth Chase 
had eleven children — seven sons and four daughters. Oi 
this family Cyrus H. is the third son and sixth child. 
Stephen Chase died July 14, 1843. Before coming her-e 
he was prominent in town offices, but on coming here 
he refused to hold any office. Mr. Chase represented 
his district the year after Maine became a State, in t'le 
first Legislature of the State as such. Of his large fa' <ily 
only five are now living, viz: Ruth, widow of Sir on 



412 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Fickett, of West Paris, Maine; Peter M., now in Min- 
nesota; Cyrus Hamlin; Noah C, of this town; Abner 
B., now of Norway, Maine. Cyrus Hamlin Chase was 
born November 30, 1810, in Woodstock, Maine. He 
spent his boyhood on the farm, and on becoming of age 
bought a part of his father's purchase, and settled where 
he now^ lives. He married Harriet Bailey, daughter of 
David Bailey, of Bangor. They have three children liv- 
ing, having lost one in infancy. Their names are Free- 
man H., now practicing medicine in Orland, Maine; 
Stephen M., now of Winn, Maine ; Lorenzo C, of Lin- 
coln Centre. Mr. Chase has always followed the busi- 
ness of farming. He assisted his father in making the 
first clearing in Lincoln Centre in September, 1825. 

Joseph Hammond, who came to Lincoln in 1828, is a 
son of Joseph Hammond, of Paris, O.xford county, 
Maine. His mother's name was Lydia Parsons before 
her marriage. Joseph and Lydia Hammond had sixteen 
children, of whom Joseph was the oldest son and fifth 
child. He was born September 29, 1802, in the town of 
Paris. He first settled for a few years in Milton Acad- 
emy Grant, but came here in 1828. When he came 
here, there were no roads. There was a saw-mill and a 
kind of grist-mill at Lincoln, called Fish's Mills. He 
soon settled where he now lives, which has been his 
home fifty-three years. He married Lydia F. Cushman, 
daughter of Bartholomew and Lydia Cushman, of Paris. 
To this couple were born seven children — four sons and 
three daughters, viz: George, Ira, Andrew, B. C. Cush- 
man, Marion Wallace, Sarah, and Lydia E. Mr. and 
Mrs. Hammond live on the old homestead, cared for in 
their old age by their son Ira. During his younger days 
Mr. Hammond took active part in town affairs. He 
collected the first tax that was levied in the town. 

William B. Pinkham, of Lincoln, is a son of James 
and Polly Pinkham. Mrs. Pinkham's maiden name was 
Bly. James Pinkham came here from Starks or Industry, 
in Somerset county, Maine. His father, Samuel Pink- 
ham, came from New Hampshire. James and Polly 
Pinkham had eleven children, all of whom lived to ma- 
turity. Their names were : Eliza, deceased wife of R. 
Jones, formerly of Lincoln, who was murdered by the 
Indians in the Indian massacre in Minnesota; Emily and 
Emeline (twins), both deceased; Samuel, deceased; 
James, of Lincoln; William B.; Sarah, wife of Mr. Ben- 
jamin Rounds, of this town; Rufus D-., now in California; 
Lois, deceased; Winborn, of this town; and Meader B. 
Mr. and Mrs. Pinkham died here many years since. 
William B. Pinkham was born March 23, 1862, in Indus- 
try. He married Augusta E. Brock, who died about 
1863, and Mr. Pinkham married for his second wife Mrs. 
Mary E. Ordway. By his first wife Mr. Pinkham has 
five children — Eli H.,of this town; Asa M., now of Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island; Ira E., now in the store in Lin- 
coln; Howard F., on the farm ; Willard C, of Providence, 
Rhode Island. By his second wife Mr. Pinkham has 
five children — Augusta E., Leslie F., Ella, Bertha, and 
Al-na. 

I eader B. Pinkham is a son of James and Polly Pink- 
han 1 He was born February 9, 1837, in Lincoln. After 



finishing his common school education he engaged in 
mercantile business. He began business here when 
twenty-one years of age, and has continued here ever 
since, evidently believing in the old adage that a rolling 
stone gathers no moss. Mr. Pinkham married Lucy A 
Brock, daughter of Otis Brock, of Portland, Maine. They 
have had two children — Cora A., and Etta E. Mrs. 
Pinkham died February 26, 1873. Mr. Pinkham has 
served as Selectman of this town for thirteen years. He 
was postmaster here nine years. 

Benjamin Hammond, father of Edwin B. Hammond, 
settled in Lincoln in 1825. He was born September 10, 
1778, in Pa_ris, Maine, and married Ruth Hersey, who 
was born January 17, 1795, and died November 9, 1880. 
The surviving children are Augustus F., of Aroostook; 
Maria C, now Mrs. Stinchfield, of Michigan ; Aleathea 
P., now Mrs. Hersey, of Lincoln; and Edwin B. Mr. 
Hammond was an industrious farmer. He raised six 
hundred bushels of shelled corn from twelve acres of 
burnt land, in 1826. He died in Lincoln in 1870. Ed- 
win B. Hammond married Julia Lindsey, March 5, 1863. 
They have two children -Mae and Cora, born June 4, 
1866, and May 17, 1873. Mr. Hammond served in the 
army two years. He is now a farmer. 

Levi Whitham, of Lincoln, is a son of Mehitabel \Vhit- 
ham. He was raised by a Mr. Benjamin Rackliff, of 
Thorndike. When he became of age he came to Lincoln 
and worked on the Military Road that was then being 
built through this town. He came here on horseback, as 
there was no road. After that he worked in Houlton 
three years. He settled in Lincoln in 1834, when twenty- 
one years of age, and worked in the saw-mill here on the 
Cumulassie. He has since lived here and worked at 
farming and sawing lumber in the mill here. He mar- 
ried for his first wife Sarah Haley. She died, and Mr. 
Whitham married for his second wife Ruth A. Delano. 
Mr. Whitham had one son by his first wife, who died in 
the army, Adelbert by name. By his present wife Mr. 
Whitham has one daughter, Anna R., wife of Hezekiah 
Silver, of Lincoln. 

Hon. Timothy Fuller, of Lincoln, was born August 
10, 1806. He is a son of David and Sarah Fuller, of 
Dover, Massachusetts. David Fuller was a son of David 
Fuller, Sr. David and Sarah Fuller had ten children, all 
of whom grew to maturity, viz : Moses, Spencer, Clarissa, 
Maria, Daniel, David, Sally, Elizabeth (of California), 
Timothy, and Julia, all of whom, except Elizabeth and 
Timothy, are deceased. Mr. Fuller died in 1824, and 
Mrs. Fuller some twenty years later. Timothy Fuller 
spent his minority on the farm, where he lived until of 
age, when he bought a farm in Dedham, where he lived 
about three years. He came from there to Lincoln in 
1836 and settled in the village, then a small town, and 
engaged in the mercantile and lumber business, in which 
he continued until 1871, when he retired to a farm. Mr. 
Fuller married Deborah E. Baker, daughter of John and 
Betsey Baker, of Dedham, Massachusetts. They have 
five children living, having lost one. The names of the 
living are: Horace B., of Newtonville, Massachusetts; 
Charles, doctor in this town ; George, now in Lincoln 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



413 



with his father; Francis H . of New York; Edward T., 
with his father in Lincohi. Mr. Fuller has served as 
Postmaster in this town eight years, and as Town Treas- 
urer for many years. He was elected to the Senate of 
this State in 1869, and represented his district in 1870 
and 1871. 

Nathaniel Fellows, of l^inroln, is a son of Moses and 
Libbie Fell )ws. His mother's maiden name was Bas- 
sett. His father was a native of Kingston, New Hamp- 
shire, and his mother was from Massachusetts. They 
came from Kingston, New Hampshire, to Kennebec 
county, Maine, in 1794, and from there here about 1836, 
and settled where Nathaniel now resides ip Lincoln. 
They had seven children, three sons and four daughters, 
six of whom grew to mature years, viz: James B., 
Nathaniel; Lewis, deceased; Nancy, also deceased; 
Sophia B., widow of Abel B. Wetherbee, of Chelsea, 
Massachusetts; Caroline T., widow of the late Stephen P. 
Hewes. Nathaniel, the second son of this family, was 
born September 30, 1807. He spent his early life on 
the farm in New Hampshire. On becoming of age he 
came to this town and settled in T832, four years before 
his parents came. He married Sarah P. Hatch, daugh- 
ter of Sylvanus Hatch, of Chester, Maine. They have 
had four children, one dying in infancy, viz: Dana W., 
of Portland, a dentist; Percy L., now engineer on the 
Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad; Odel T., with his father 
on the farm, and Ida M., died in infancy. Mr. Fellows 
now resides with his father on the farm which he cleared 
up. 

Timothy Heald, of Lincoln, is a son of Benjamin and 
Axa Heald, of Sumner, Oxford county. Maine. Benja- 
min Heald's father, whose name was also Benjamin, was 
one of the proprietors of the town of Sumner, and one of 
the first settlers. Axa Heald {/n-e Axa Hall), was a 
daughter of Captain Hall, of Croydon, New Hampshire. 
They had thirteen children, of whom eleven lived to 
grow to man and womanhood. Of this large family 
Timothy is the second son and third child. He spent 
his minority on the farm, and on becoming of age went 
to Illinois in 1838, and engaged in teaching. He re- 
mained there three years, when he returned to Maine, at- 
tended school at Buckfield, and taught in Auburn. The 
next year he came to Lincoln and engaged with (ioddard 
& Jenkins, of Bangor, in the lumber business. He re- 
mained with them three years or more, when he spent one 
year exploring timber lands for the State. In 1852 he 
went to California and engaged in mining. He went 
from there to Puget Sound, remaining nearly three years 
m the employ of the Puget Mill Company, where he lost 
his hand. While here he was a member of the Territorial 
Legislature, from Jefferson county. During the summer 
of 1856 he returned to Maine and engaged in Lincoln in 
farming, lumbering, and mercantile and mill business, in 
which he has ever since continued. He married Addie 
E. Huntress, daughter of Aaron Huntress, of Lincoln. 
They have three children: Gemma L., Benjie H., and 
Clara G. 

Frederick E. Nute is a son of Israel and Hannah 
Nule. Israel Nute was a native of Milton, New Hamp- 



shire, and Mrs. Nute {tm- Fish) was born in Wakefield, 
New Hampshire. They had six children, four sons and 
two daughters, viz : John F., now of Franklinville, New 
Jersey ; Frederick E.; Deborah, deceased wife of Asa 
Either, formerly of Lincoln ; George H., now in 
Pennsylvania; Hannah .'\., wife of Milton Hunt- 
ress, now of Michigan ; Charles W., died in the 
army. I. Nute died in 1835 at [Milton, New Hamp- 
shire, and Mrs. Nute died in Saginaw in 1876. Fred- 
erick E. Nute was born June 24, 1821, in Milton, New 
Hampshire, and spent his boyhood on the farm. On be- 
coming of age he engaged in the business of house car- 
penter, having learned the trade during his minority. 
At the age of seventeen, and before he learned his trade, 
he came to Lincoln. He followed this business until the 
fall of 1850, when he went to California, where he re- 
mained until 185s, engaged in mining and ranching. In 
1855 he came back to Lincoln, where he has since lived. 
He followed his trade three years, when he went into the 
mercantile business with his brother John, in which he 
continued until 1878, though not with his brother, when 
he went to farming, in which he is now engaged. He 
married for his first wife Eunice Heald, by whom he has 
four children: Israel H., now of Springfield; Lane L , 
now Mrs. Chapman, of Chicago, Illinois ; Frederick E., 
deceased ; John A., also deceased. Mrs. Nute died in 
1 85 1, on her way to California, and was buried on the 
island of St. Catharine's. Mr. Nute married for his sec- 
ond wife Laura A. Ingersoll, by whom he had four chil- 
dren, three of whom are living, viz : Charles A., now in 
Michigan ; Carrie May ; Ida M., deceased ; Frederick 
W., at home. Mr. Nute lost his second wife in 1865, 
and married for his third wife Mrs. Betsey H. Richard- 
son, with whom he is now living. They have two chil- 
dren, viz : Afa A. and Carrie. Mr. Nute has been Dep- 
uty Sheriff of this county nine years; he held the office 
of United States Deputy Collector also for three years- 
he was Inspector of Customs of the Bangor District 
about five years, and has also held several of the town 
offices. 

Stockbridge Lindsey is a son of George and Ruth • 
Lindsey, formerly of Vermont. In 1830 he came to 
Chester from Vermont, and lived there some ten or 
twelve years before moving to Lincoln. He lived about 
one mile above the village of Lincoln until 1867, when 
he moved to the place where Stockbridge Lindsey now 
lives. George Lindsey had six children, viz : George W., 
now in Anoka, Minnesota ; Stockbridge ; Carrie E., wife 
of Ira Hammond, of Lincoln ; Julia M., now Mrs. E. B. 
Hammond, of Lincoln ; Angelia, wife of P. McClure, of 
St. Francis, Minnesota; and Thomas, now in Minnesota. 
Stockbridge Lindsey was born September 11, 1834. He 
married Sarah Heald, of Chester, daughter of Jackson 
Heald. They have no children. George Lindsey died 
in 1872. Mrs. Lindsey is still living with her son Stock- 
bridge. 

Dr. Charles Fuller, of Lincoln, is a son of Timothy and 
Deborah E. Fuller, of Dedham, Massachusetts. Timothy 
and Deborah Fuller had six sons, five of whom are still 
living — Horace B., of Newtonville, Massachusetts; 



414 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



George, of Lincoln; Charles; Frank H., of New York; 
Edward T., of Lincoln. They lost one in infancy. Dr. 
Charles Fuller is the third son living of this family. He 
was born in Lincoln June 19, 1843, and attended school 
at Greenwood, Massachusetts, from the time he was 
eleven until about iifteen. He came from there to Lin- 
coln and attended the academy about two years, when 
he went to Antioch College, Ohio, where he remained 
one year, when he returned to Maine and entered Bow- 
doin College at Brunswick, in 1861, and gradu- 
ated in 1865. He then went to Meadville, Pennsyl- 
vania, and served as tutor in the Meadville Theological 
Seminary one year. In 1867 he entered the Medical 
Department of Bowdoin College, from which he was 
graduated in 1869. In the spring of 1870 he went to 
Hampden, Maine, where he opened an office and prac- 
ticed until June, 1873, when he removed to Lincoln, 
where he has since lived in the i^ractice of his profession. 
He married Charlotte VV. Rice, daughter of John M. 
Rice, of Hampden. They have four children now liv- 
ing — Herbert L., Louis N., Timothy, and Catharine R. 
They lost two in early life. He was appointed United 
States Examining Surgeon in 1875, w-hich position he 
still holds. 

Joseph Keef, of Lincoln, is a son of Thomas and Jane 
Keef, of St. John, New Brunswick. Joseph Keef had 
six children, five sons and one daughter — James, de- 
ceased; John, now of St. John; William, also living in 
St. John; Michael, now of Howard City, Michigan; 
Margaret A., wife of John Sanders, of St. John; and 
Joseph. Mr. Keef died in 1877, and Mrs. Keef in 1876. 
Joseph Keef was born June 4, 1821. He spent his 
early life on the farm in St. John, where he lived until 
he was twenty-two, when he went to Hanson, Kennebec 
county, Maine, where he remained two years. In 1844 
he came to Lincoln and worked until about 1845, when 
he bought the farm where he now lives. He has always 
folloNved the business of farming. He married Susan 
Hutchinson, daughter of David Hutchinson, of Lincoln. 
They have had fourteen children, of whom nine are now 
■ living. The names of the living are George, David H., 
Joseph, in Washington Territory; Charles F., of Lincoln; 
Leslie, at home; Eddie, at home; Bertrand, Alma, and 
Ralph. 

Moses B. Hersey is a son of Samuel and Eunice 
Hersey {nee Bradbuty). Samuel and Eunice Hersey had 
six children, five sons and one daughter — William R., 
deceased, one of the first settlers in Lincoln; Hiram, now 
in Nebraska; Samuel, deceased; Moses B.; Jason, in Ab- 
ington, Massachusetts; Julia A., deceased wife of Frank 
Reed, of Springfield, Massachusetts. Samuel Hersey 
was a native of Sumner, Oxford county. He died in 
T869. His first wife dying he married for his second 
wife Polly Bradbury, by whom he had two children. 
Moses B. Hersey, the fourth son of this family, was born 
September 26, 1S16, and spent his minority on the farm. 
Taught school during the winter several terms. He first 
settled in life on the farm where he now lives, about one 
and a half miles north of the village of Lincoln Centre. 
He married Alathea P. Hammond, daughter of Ben- 



jamin and Ruth Hammond, of this town. They have 
four children, having lost three in early life. The names 
of the living are Mary Etta, wife of O. Keith, of Spring- 
field, Maine; Alvan B., at Franconia Notch, White 
Mountains; Benjamin H., with his father at home; and 
Sadie A., now at home. 

One of the old settlers of Lincoln half-township, as it 
is called, is David G. Hutchinson. He is a son of Sam-' 
uel and Mary Hutchinson, who came to Fayette, Ken- 
nebec county, Maine, from New Hampshire, before they 
were married. Here they lived several years; he also 
lived at Grand Falls and on Swift River. He came to 
(Jlenburn in this county in 18 15, where he lived about 
twenty years, and where he died. Mrs. Hutchinson sur- 
vived him many years, and died at her son David's in 
Lincoln. Samuel and Mary Hutchinson had but one 
child, David, the subject of this sketch, who was born 
February 22, 1804. He has always been a farmer and 
lived with his father until he died. He came to Lincoln 
about 1851. He first cleared land about four miles from 
Lee, but sold there and bought where he now lives, about 
six miles from Lee. He married Susan Babbidge, of 
Bangor. By her he had fourteen children, all of whom 
are dead except three. The living are : Eleazer, now of 
Lee; Solomon, in the South somewhere; Alden J., living 
with his father on the farm. Mrs. Hutchinson died in 
1856, and Mr. Hutchinson married for his second wife 
Betsey Chapman. They h,ave one son living, David, 
having lost two daughters. 

Caleb Estes, grandfather of John Estes, was a native 
of England. He was a farmer, and died in 1830. His 
son, also named Caleb (father of John Estes), was born 
in 1780. He married Charlotte Day, daughter of Josiah 
Day, a native of England. Of their children there are 
living: Wealthy, now Mrs. Robinson, of Massachusetts; 
Jeremiah D., of Vassalboro, Maine; George, now in 
China, Maine; Valentine, now in Dedham, Maine; Char- 
lotte, now Mrs. Lothrop, of China, Maine; Sarah, now 
Mrs. Taylor, of Massachusetts; and John. Mr. Estes 
was a member of the Society of Friends. He was a 
farmer and mill owner, and not engaged in public life. 
He lived in Durham until 1809, when he moved to Chi- 
na, where he died in 1869. Mrs. Estes died in 1810. 
John Estes, of Lincoln, was born in Harlem, now China, 
Maine, August 18, 1810. On becoming of age he en- 
gaged in farming and afterwards in mercantile business. 
He was also for a number of years engaged in lumber- 
ing and mill business. He served as Constable, Collec- 
tor, Selectman, and deputy Sheriff, while living in Har- 
lem or China. In 1849 he moved to Smyrna, Aroostook 
county, where he engaged in trade, lumbering, and farm- 
ing. There he served as Justice and deputy Sheriff In 
1852 he moved to Lincoln, where he has since lived, 
engaged in lumber business. He has been Collector, 
Constable, deputy Sheriff, and Trial Justice. In 1872 
he was elected to the Legislature as member of the 
House. Mr. Estes married for his first wife Miss Eliza- 
beth L. Kennedy; she died in 1847, and he married 
Miss Nancy M. Ayer, who died August 31, 1872. Mr. 
Estes is now living with his third wife, Esther P., daugh- 




'Ue^.c::^ 



1 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



41s 



ter of William C. Hammatt, of Howland, Maine. He 
has .seven children now living, viz: Caroline R., now 
Mrs. Kerry; George M., Anna, now Mrs. Woodbury; 
Susan, now Mrs. Stratton; Charles A., Edwin P., Willie 
F., and Mary A., deceased. 

Harrison Piper, a native of Newfield, Maine, married 
Sarah Hill, of the same place. They had six children, 
one son and five daughters — Susan(deceased), wife of 
Oscar F. Dowe; Elizabeth H., now Mrs. Joseph A. Ap- 
plebee, of Worcester, Massachusetts; Mary A., deceased; 
i.ucy, deceased; Jennie, wife of C. .'\. Sargent, of Bos- 
ton; and Harrison, the youngest and only son of this 
family, subject of this sketch. Harrison Piper was born 
March 17, 1839, in Great Falls, New Hampshire. He 
came to Lincoln in October, 1859, and engaged in the 
watch-making and jewelry business, in which he has ever 
since continued. He married Miss .\bbie Huntress, 
daughter of James Huntress, of Lincoln. They have 
two children — Mabel H. and Ida M. Mr. Piper has 
served his town in the various offices in the gift of his 
townsmen, such as Town Clerk, Town Treasurer, Select- 
man, etc. He is at present Postmaster, and in 1878 was 
the Representative of his class in the State Legislature. 

Mr. A. W. W'eatherbee, of Lincoln, is a son of Wash- 
ington and Elizabeth Wetherbee (>hY Elizabeth (Iriley). 
Washington Weatherbee had three wives. By his first 
wife he had ten children, by his second one, and by his 
third wife two. .\. W. Weatherbee is the fourth son of 
this family, born April 30, 1841. His father lived in 
Bangor when the son was three years old, and when he 
was si.x his mother died and he went to Boston and lived 
with his aunt Maria Allen, wife of Steven M. .Allen. 
Here he attended the public school till he was fourteen, 
when he went to Calais, Maine, and attended the Calais 
.•\cademy for three years. From Calais he went to New 
Haven, Connecticut, and remained until he was twenty, 
when he went to Springfield and engaged in the tin and 
hardware business, which he continued for about four 



years, when he bought a store in Lincoln and entered 
into a partnership with Mr. Cyrus E. Messer under the 
firm name of Messer t^ Weatherbee, which was con- 
tinued four years, when he went to Minnesota, leaving 
the business in charge of Mr. Messer. In Minnesota he 
engaged in the lumber business, following it one year, 
being there during the great freshet and losing several 
thousand dollars. Mr. Weatherbee continued the store 
until 1873, reading law during the time, and finally sold 
out and went to the Law School at Albany, New York, 
graduating in 1875. He married Lucinda E. Butterfield, 
daughter of James Butterfield, of Springfield, Maine. 
They have nine children, viz: James B., Washington E., 
Edward .\., Artemas, .Vlmira E., Millie E., Mary E.; 
William W., and the baby, now called Blucher. Mr. Weath- 
erbee has not been engaged in public life other than on 
the Su].ierintendending School Committee. His store and 
office is on Main street. During all the hard times he 
has never failed to pay one hundred cents on the dollar. 
James Habcock, proprietor of the Babcock House in 
Lincoln Centre, was born .\pril 2, 1819. He is a son o.f 
Jesse and IVIary E. Babcock, of Orono, Maine. Jesse's 
father's name was William Babcock, a native of York, 
Maine. Jesse and Mary Babcock had six children, all 
sons, viz: John, Moses, James, |)a\id, William, Newell, 
all of whom are deceased except James. James was 
reared on a farm and on becoming of age he engaged in 
lumbering, which he has always followed more or less. 
In 1862 he opened a public house at Mattawamkeag, 
which he kept two yesrs. In 1867 he came to Lincoln 
Centre and opened the Babcock House, which he has 
ever since kept. He married Hannah P. Miller, daugh- 
ter of Timothy Miller, of Lincoln. They have four 
children living, viz : .Mphea, now Mrs. George W. 
Smith, of Mattawamkeag; Evelyn, wife of John H. Reed, 
of Lincoln; Josephine, and A. F. G., now in Michigan. 
Mr. Babcock served in office as Justice, Constable, 
Selectman, etc. He has the only hotel in Lincoln Centre. 



LOWELL. 



.\"OI'E.S OF SITlWriON, ETC. 

Lowell is another pretty large town, made so by the 
addition to the regular township area of a considerable 
parallelogram, left to it between Burlington and Enfield. 
It is only one and one-half miles from the European & 
North .\merican Railroad at the nearest point, on the 
north line of the south or square part of the town; it is 
but two and one-half miles from the river, and only 



twenty and one-half miles from Bangor. The careless- 
ness with which statements concerning these towns are 
sometimes reported, is illustrated by the fact that one of 
the very best authorities accessible gives the last distance 
as forty-eight miles, more than twice the actual space of 
separation, and the first distance as eight miles, more than 
five times too much. 

Lowell is bounded on the north, the oblong part by 



4i6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Lincoln and the rest by Enfield ; on the east by Burling- 
ton, whose length corresponds to its own eastern part; 
on the south by Township No. i ; and on the west, the 
lower tract by Passadumkeag, and the oblong by Enfield. 
The east line of the town is perfectly straight, and about 
eight miles long, passing through Eskutassis Pond and 
Turtle Island within it. The south boundary is also a 
right line, and six miles long, but, running a Httle to the 
northward, does not make an exact right angle at the 
.southeast corner. The west line, in the middle of the 
lower part, is deflected slightly to the eastward, making a 
very obtuse angle, and narrowing the width of the town 
about one-fourth of a mile on the north line toward En- 
field, which passes through the south bay of Cold Stream 
Pond. The (nearly) parallelogram in the north of the 
town also narrows a very little to the north line. It is 
over two and one-half miles long, which is the length of 
the west boundary, on Enfield ; and about one and three- 
fourths miles in breadth. 

No considerable lakes are wholly on the soil of Lowell; 
but it does not want for water, either in sheets or streams. 
Nearly half of the lower section or bay of the Little 
Cold .Stream Pond, three-fourths of a mile from north to 
south, lies in the farther northwest angle of the town. 
Beginning near the lower part of the parallelogram, a lit- 
tle more than half of Eskutassis Pond--\vhich, as before 
noted, is on the Burlington line — lies in Lowell, not 
quite two miles long in this town. Hayden Cove, at its 
northwest part, receives a httle tributary from two 
branches; and V'arney Cove is a short distance below, 
on the west side of the Pond. Just soutli of the en- 
trance to this is a small, rounded island, abreast of which, 
with nearly three times the length, is Turtle Island, 
through which goes the east line of the town. The Es- 
kutassis Stream, flowing four miles to the Passadumkeag 
Stream over a mile from the southeast corner, is the out- 
let of this lake. Less than half a mile from its parent 
water it passes the foot of Pickerel Pond, a very small 
sheet. More than a mile further it is expanded into a 
lakelet of about a mile m length and perhaps an average 
breadth of forty rods. Two very small lakes or mill- 
ponds are made in the mile and a quarter's further course 
to the Passadumkeag. This stream waters two regions 
of Lowell — the southwest angle, which has as yet no in- 
habitants; and, before making a winding course of sorne 
miles in Township No. 2, it comes in from Burlington 
very near the southeast corner of Lowell, makes a great, 
irregular arc of four to five miles in that angle of the 
town, and passes out southward, .\bout midway between 
the east town line and the Eskutassis it receives the 
Fogg Brook from Township No. i. A mile below the 
Eskutassis a short tributary called Kimball Brook comes 
in from the north; then, after welcoming another affluent 
on the same side, which rises in two heads in the north 
central part of the town, it takes in the Dead Brook, 
which also has two headwaters, rising just below the east 
and west road across the center of the lower part of the 
town. 

In the more northerly part of Lowell, the Bog Brook 
rises in a tiny pond two-thirds of a mile northwest of 



Hayden Cove, and flows one mile northea.st to the Little 
Cold Stream Pond at the town line, just below Bog Isl- 
and, which lies partly in Lowell. Within a mile and a 
quarter south from this pond, the large Cold Stream 
Pond projects two small bays from its east side a little 
way into the town. The northerly one receives the name 
of McKinney Cove, and has a short brook flowing into 
it bearing a correspondent name. The other is Long 
Cove, which has a Long Cove Brook coming into it at 
its head, rising in Cranberry Pond, about two miles to 
the southward. West of this brook and close to it lies 
in Lowell the greater part of a square mile of water, 
being the south bay of Cold Stream Pond, or the Webb 
Cove, which in like manner with the others has a small 
"Webb Cove Brook" flowing into it. The Cold Stream 
waters in Lowell are finally closed with the Little Cold 
Stream, which has one head toward the northeast corner 
of the town, near the cemetery at School No. 5, and an- 
other rising within a third of a mile of the east branch 
of Dead Brook, the two uniting about half a mile before 
reaching the west town line, and passing about as much 
further to the Cold Stream, the outlet of Cold Stream 
Pond to the Passadumkeag. 

The southwest quarter of Lowell, as before intimated, 
is almost or quite destitute of inhabitants; and the north- 
ern part, or i.iarallelogram, has but few. The rest of the 
town is moderately well settled. Its road-centre is the 
East Lowell post office, established in recent years near 
the foot of the long, narrow pond on Eskutassis Stream, 
two miles above the south town line. Hence runs the 
stage-road into Burlington, turnmg sharply northeastward 
a little way across the line at Burlington post-office. 
Hence also runs a road southwesterly to Lowell post- 
office, and then southerly into Township No. i, a branch 
also going to the same southwest along the other side of 
the Passadumkeag. A little out from East Lowell a 
southeast route starts off and goes into Burlington. From. 
East Lowell a road makes north all the rest of the way 
through the town, passing between Pickerel and Eskutas- 
sis Ponds, and between Eskutassis and Webb Pond to 
the north line, and thence out between the Little Cold 
Stream Pond and the nearest Cold Stream Pond to the 
east of it. .\ little more than a mile before leaving the 
town it sends off a road easterly to the stage-road in Bur- 
lington. 

From East Lowell also goes oft" an important highway 
northwest, which branches about a mile out for a road 
which runs west about two uiiles, and then north one and 
a half miles to School No. 5 and the adjacent cemetery, 
where it rejoins the main road, which a mile further passes 
into Enfield, one mile southeast of the post office. 

THE VILL.\GES .^ND THEIR liUSINESS. 

Lowell village is still small, but has a valuable manu- 
factory of sole leather, owned by Messrs. A. Webb & 
Co., a mill for long lumber and spool stock, owned by 
the Lowell Mills Cornpany, a grocery store kept by the 
same, and also two general stores. School No. 4 is on 
the south road just below the village, and the cemetery 
is just above, at the angle of the road. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



417 



East Lowell is only a mile distant from Lowell post- 
office. It also has a post-office, the mill of O. H._ Wake- 
field, turning out shingles and spools, and his grocery 
store, the saw-mill of John W. Fox, with another store 
and two or three shops and a public school-house. School 
No. I is a mile and a half northwest of this place, and 
School No. 6 a little over a mile southwest of that. 

SOIL, ETC. 

The land in Lowell is somew'hat stony, but still pos- 
sesses considerable fertility — enough to justify agriculture 
as a leading industry in the town. There are extensive 
tracts of meadow land by the streams and other waters, 
some of which have high value. The pastures on the 
hills are highly esteemed for grazing pnrposes. Generally, 
the surface of this tract is not greatly broken ; but there 
are some elevations of tolerable height in the north part 
of the town. The scenery of the town, taken by and 
large, is justly accounted quite varied and pleasant, and, 
in places decidedly picturesque. The giant bulk of Mt. 
Katahdin is plainly visible to the northwestward, from 
nearly all parts of Lowell, fifty to sixty miles away. 

It is altogether probable that valuable minerals and 
ores will yet be developed in this town. Traces of gold 
are believed to have been found at Harvey Hill, within 
its borders. A valuable deposit of slate has been found 
at Wakefield's Corner. 

A great amount of valuable timber has been cut out, 
and much lumber manufactured within this town ; and 
for many years the chief business of the inhabitants has 
been lumbering. The supply is even yet not entirely 
exhausted. 

THE SETTLEMENT OF LOWELL 

dates from March, 18 19, when Alpheus Hayden and 
Levi Deane, immigrants from Canaan, Somerset county, 
Maine, came in and made their locations. It had already 
been purchased from the State. 

Among other early settlers upon this tract were Samuel 
Shorey, Gorden Duren, Nathaniel Coffin, F. D. Huntress, 
Eliphalet Pettengill, John Austin, Seth Webb, and a Mr. 
Good. The names of Shorey, Webb, Pettengill, and 
others of these pioneers, are still quite prominent in the 
town; and frorti Mr. Huntress the infant settlement re- 
ceived its primitive name of "Huntressville." 

ORGANIZATION AND ANNEX.\TIONS. 

The Huntressville name entitled this tract and what- 
ever municipal organization there was upon it until Feb- 
ruary 9, 1837, when the town of Lowell was erected from 
it. The local tradition is that the first male child born 
upon its territory received the given name of " Lowell," 
and that in compliment to him the personal cognomen 
was transferred to the new town as a geographical desig- 
nation. 

In 1 841, according to one doubtful authority, the 
"Page's Mills Settlement" (now a village and post-office) 
was annexed to Lowell from Hancock county. 

March 16, 1842 (the Maine Register says 1841), the 

State Legislature added to the Lowell territory the "Cold 

Stream Settlement," or the "Strip," six miles long by 

two wide, north of Township No. i, from the northwest 

53 



corner of Bingham's Penobscot Purchase. It was de- 
scribed as "all that part of the town of Passadumkeag 
situated east of a line drawn due north from the north- 
west corner of Bingham's Penobscot Purchase." The 
area of the town was thus increased to its present dimen- 
sions of six by eight miles, about forty-eight square miles, 
or 30,720 acres. The settlers upon the "Strip," it is 
said, derived their titles from the Bingham heirs. 

SOME FIRST THINGS. 

The first settled preacher in this region was the Rev. 
Pindar Field. When the religious interest and denom- 
inational growth hereaway warranted it, the people to the 
west of Burlington united with the worshippers in the 
town to build a Congregational church, which was erected 
near the town line. A Baptist society has since been 
organized in the town, but is at present without pastoral 
supply. 

The first school-teacher was Miss Mary C. Dean, later 
Mrs. Stephen Kimball. She taught in the Page's Mills 
Settlement, and was, like the reverend gentleman before 
named, very highly esteemed by the residents. It is re- 
lated that so much was thought of her that the name of 
the settlement, which appears to have been a plantation 
title, was changed to "Deanfield " in her honor. 

It will be remembered that the first son of a pioneer 
born here was named " Lowell," and gave his name to 
the town. 

STATISTICS OF PROGRESS. 

Low-ell town had a population of 205 in 1840, 378 in 
1850, 556 in i860, 448 in 1870, and 433 in 1880. 

The number of polls in Lowell was 127 in 1860, 109 
in 1870, and 116 in 1880. 

The valuation of estates in these respective years was 
$64,383, $72,126, and $65,406. 

ASSOCIATIONS. 

The only society manifesting life in Lowell at last ac- 
counts was the Eskutassis Grange of Patrons of Hus- 
bandry, which meets only once a month, on the Saturday 
of or next before full moon. 

The Rising Virtue Lodge of the Independent Order 
of Good Templars had a recent existence within the 
town. 

TOWN OFFICERS FOR 1 88 1. 

O. H. Wakefield, William Pettengill, L. D. Shorey, 
selectmen ; J. W. Fox, town clerk ; J. W. Fox, treasurer 
C. G. Jewell ; East, Simon M. Cable, constables ; Mrs. 
O. H. Wakefield, Mrs. Abbie Dam, S. M. Cable, school 
committee; .Alexander Webb, E. G. Wakefield, trial 
justices. 

Mr. A. J. Webb is Postmaster at Lowell ; Mr. E. G. 
Wakefield at East Lowell. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

One of the first settlers in Lowell was Jedediah Var. 
ney, who was a native of Windham, Maine. He married 
Eleanor Tourtillott. They moved to Lowell in 1825, 
and cleared up and settled on the farm now known as 
the Levi Varney farm, abont three miles north of East 
Lowell post-office. He had two wives. By his first wife 
he had three children — William, ALiry Jane, and David. 



I 



418 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



By his second wife he had seven, viz: John, deceased; 
Jedediah, of Lowell ; Isaac, now in Minnesota ; Levi, 
deceased; Joseph, now in Minnesota; Stephen, in Cali- 
fornia; Samuel, died in the army; L\dia, wife of Mr. 
Hontash, in Minnesota. Jedediah Varney died in 1875, 
and his wife died in 1S54. 

Jedediah Varney, jr., was born March 4, 1S25, and has 
always lived here in Lowell on the old place. He i:oar- 
ried Mary J. Cummings, daughter of James and Mary J. 
Cummings, of Lowell. They have four children — George 
I., Nathan H., .'\rthur E., and Fred L. Mr. Varney has 
a good farm of three hundred acres, with a large orchard, 
from which he raises considerable fruit. He has held 
several town offices, such as Collector, Constable, Select- 
man, etc. He was Chairman of the Town Board five 
years. 

One of the first settlers in South Lowell, at what was 
called Page's Mills, is Mr. Greenleaf M. Fogg, who came 
here in 1833. He is a son of Jonathan and Phoebe 
(Waterhouse) Fogg, who had seven children, viz: Francis 
A., Greenleaf M., James D., John M., Nathan, Jonathan 
L., only two of whom are now living — John M. and the 
subject of this sketch. Greenleaf M. Fogg was born 
June 15, 1813, in Monmouth, Maine. He came to 
Lowell when twenty years old, and cleared up the farm 
where he now resides. There was no road during sum- 
mer, and supplies were brought in by boat up the river. 
He married Malinda Lord, daughter of Tim.olhy Lord, of 
this county, and they have had seven sons, viz: George 
Milton, who died in the array; Edwin, now in No. i, 
near here; Augustus, now of Lowell; Nathan, deceased; 
Willis M., of Lowell; Eugene, at home; and they lost 
one in infancy. Mr. Fogg has a good farm of one hun- 
dred and twenty-six acres. He has for several years acted 
as Selectman of his town. 

One of the early settlers of Lowell was Mr. Thomas 
Ewing, a son of William Ewing, of Bowdoin, Maine. He 
married Margaret Bishop, and they had six children, viz: 
Thomas, David, Mary, William, Susan, and Sally. 
Thomas, the oldest son. was born in 181 1; came to 
Lowell when he was twenty-two, or i.n 1833, and settled 
about two miles from the Corners, where he has lived 
most of the time since. He married Bethanni Webb, of 
Westbrook, Maine, and they have had six children, viz: 
Seth, in Wisconsin; Margaret, wife of John Fisk; Fen- 
dora.wife of William Hodsdon; Maria, deceased; Thomas, 
and Emily. Mr. Ewing has one hundred acres of land. 

Sol.nnon Applebee, of Lowell, Maine, was born in Ber- 
wick, Maine, in 1822. He settled in Lowell in 1853. 
He was married in 1856, and hastivo children — Winfield 
S. and Charles M. Mr. Applebee is a farmer and owns a 
good farm in Lowell. 

Mr. O. H. Wakefield, of Lowell, is a son of E. G. 
Wakefield, who came here from Steuben, ^Vashington 
county, Maine, in 1S55. The father married Clarissa 
Allen, of Gouldsboro, Hancock county, and they have 
eight children — six sons and two daughters, viz: Ann 
M., O. H., Warren A., Ambrose, Addison P., Mary E., 
Charles Henry, and Joseph F. Mr. Wakefield and wife 
family are all living. O. H. Wakefield married Helen 



E. Douglas, of Lincoln, and they have two children: 
Ralph. J. and Harrison P. Mr. Wakefield owns the miU ' 
at Lowell, where he manufactures shingles, lath, spool I 
bars, and corn-meal. He is now Chairman of the Board' 
of Selectmen and Assessor, and Master of Horeb Lodge 

F. & A. M.; also Master of the Eskutassis Lodge, P^ri 
trons ot Husbandry. He is now Postmaster at Edii 
Lowell, in which position his father served for many 
years. 

A. J. Webb, of Lowell, is a son of Alexander Webb, 
who came to this town in 1S56. .Alexander Webb was^ 
born in Durham, New York, and first settled in SuUiva* 
county, New York, at Fallsburg, as manager of a soI| 
leather tannery. He came to Maine in 1844, settleiS 
at Levant, now Kenduskeag, and took charge of :| 
tannery. In the autumn he went to Dexter in the same 
business. Here he stopped six montlis, and then went 
to St. Albans, Maine, remaining one year. He wenj 
from St. Albans to Amherst, Maine, and took charge oif 
a tannery there. He lived in .Amherst until 1S56, when 
he came to Lowell, and superintended the building of 
the large tannery here. In 1S57 the tannery fell into 
the hands of Boston parties. Alley, Choate & Cummings, J 
and when Mr. Alley retired, Mr. Webb had charge of the 
whole business here. In 1859 he bought an interesting 
the tannery, and the firm became A. Webb & Co. This 
firm continued five years, when Mr. Choate retired, and 
other parties took his place. The business continued ii 
a prosperous manner until within two or three yean 
when Mr. Phillip died, and his estate is now being settled 
The tannery is not running at present. Mr. Webb 
married in 1836 Abbie A. Gray, of Olive, Ulster county, 
New York, and they have six children, viz: Josephine, 
Margaret D., Albert J. and Alfred (twins), Chailes L, 
and Emma E. Albert J. Webb is now in mercantile 
business. He. was Postmaster here for fifteen years, 
but is not at present. He has a small farm in connec- 
tion with his other business. He married Maria L. 
Baxter, of Kenduskeag, and they have one -child, Ger-' 
trudc Baxter. Alexatider Webb has held many offices of 
trust in towns where he has lived. He has been Select- 
man in this town term after term, being^ Chairman for 
several successive years. In 1S72 and 1873 he was a 
member of the House of Representatives, and in 1875 
and 1876 he wms elected and served as .Senator in the 
State Legislature. He is now Trial Justice, and has 
been for a long time. Albert J. has also held prominent 
offices in town, having served on the Board of Select- 
men, as Justice of the Peace, and in other positions of 
honor and trust. 

Joseph S. Buck, of Lpwell, son of Thomas Jefferson 
Buck, who came to this town among the early settlers, 
was born November 8, 1830. His father was a native of 
Freedom, and his grandfather John was one of the first 
settlers of Buckfield, Maine. Thomas J. Buck had 
thirteen children by one wife, whose maiden name was 
Driisilla Shorey. Joseph S. was the oldest son. He 
first settled in this town in 1863, after spending some ten 
years in South Weymouth, Massachusetts, and two 
years in Wisconsin. He nrarried Susanna Sibley, daugh- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



419 



ter of William Sibley, of Burlington, and they have four 
children, viz: Ada, Ira S., Anna B., and Louisa. Mr. 
Buck has. been on the Board of Assessors, Selectmen, 



and Overseers of Poor three terms. He resides on the 
lower road, in what is called the Dam Settlement, where 
he has one hundred acres of good land. 



MATTAMISCONTIS. 



T0P0GR.4PHICAL. 

Mattamiscontis is a town (though it seems still to be 
reckoned on the census list, and, to some extent, else- 
where as a plantation) further up toward the wilderness, 
on the borders of great uncultivated and almost unin- 
habited tracts. It is of comparatively small area in ter- 
ritorv, although much longer than the average town; and 
still more so in history. It lies straight up the valley of 
the Penobscot, thirty miles from Bangor, and but three 
and one half miles, or the width of Maxficld from the 
west corner of this town, from the Pi.>cataquis line. It 
is bounded on the north by Township No. 2 and about a 
mile's breadth of the east part of Township No. 3; on the 
southeast by the Penobscot, beyond which are Lincoln 
and a pretty broad strip of Enfield; on the southwest by 
Ho'.vland; and the northwest by Ma.xfield. Its north 
line is straight, nearly east and west, and six and one- 
half miles long; its southwest and northwest bounds are 
also each a right line, and three and one-fourth and two 
and one half miles long respectively. A little more than 
five miles of the river are on the southwest line of Mat- 
tamiscontis. On this front is the ^Nlahockannock Island, 
a little more than a mile in length, and a third of a mile 
n greatest breadth. A little below its foot comes in from 
the northward the Mattamiscontis Stream, which heads 
in two branches near the north line in Township No. 2. 
Two miles further down Chesley Brook, running about 
the same distance from north to south in the town, 
empties into the Penobscot. A mile west of this the 
Gordon Brook, rising in three heads in the lower edge of 
the townships and flowing entirely across Mattamiscontis, 
receiving two small affluents from the west on the way, 
passes into Howland, where it empties into the river at 
Gordon Island. About the same distance still further 
west, in the extreme west angle of the town, are two small 
heads of the Seboois Stream, and a tributary from Town- 
ship No. 3, which crosses the corners of Maxfield and 



Mattamiscontis, and in Howland empties into the Pis- 
cataquis. 

The rather small settlement in this town is as yet 
mainly grouped on the river road, near the mouth of the 
Mattamiscontis Stream, and a little below the foot of Ma- 
hockanpck Island. They liave here a good school- 
house, but as yet no post-office or church. Lincoln 
affords their postal facilities. Some settlements are scat- 
tered along the road for a mile or more northeast of this 
point. The highway along the river, which runs about 
five miles in this town, is so far the only one of general 
importance. 

Very little seems to be known of the settlement and 
early history of Mattamiscontis. The advent of the i)i- 
oneer is fixed in the year 1829, and the date of incorpor- 
ation of the town was March 8, 1839. Twenty years 
afterward, however, it had a valuation of only about 
$6,000, and a little inore than half the population it had 
in 1850, when its people numbered 54. In i860 there 
were 31 inhabitants, 51 in 1870, and 64 in 1880. It has 
not only held its own during nearly the last generation, 
but increased in population quite handsomely. 

The voters of ^Matta'.niscontis in 1S80 numbered 15, 
and the valuation of estates was $12,876. 

Two Mattamisconlians — Messrs. A. G. Sawyer and 
William S. Roberts — are engaged in lumbering, which, 
with agriculture, constitutes the sole industry of the 
town. 

The principal families here are almost exclusively 
Sawyers and Robertses. The town officers, with one 
solitary e.xception (Mr. William C. Owen, who is a Select- 
man), are made up from them. Mr. Bryce M. Roberts 
is Collector, Constable, and a Selectman. William S. 
Roberts is Treasurer, and William P. Roberts Town 
Clerk and School Supervisor. William G. Sawyer is 
President of the Selectmen, and W. H. Sawyer is a 
Constable. 



MAXFIELD. 



This town is a partial gore, with a blunted point, its 
broad part the north line, five miles long; its long side 
the east boundary, about seven miles; its shorter side on 
the west, or county line, six miles; and its blunted point, 
or truncation, on the south line, only one mile long. It 
is bounded on the north by Whitney Ridge, in Township 
No. 3, on the southeast by Howland and Mattamiscontis, 
on the south by Howland, and on the west by Medford, 
Piscataquis county. No town corners with it in this 
county except Lagrange. It is one ot the smaller towns 
of the county; is distant from Bangor, and nearly north 
of it, twenty-four miles; and from the Penobscot, at its 
nearest point, a little more than three miles. About two 
miles from its south line, the Piscataquis River has a 
course of nearly three miles from west to east through 
the town, making nearly a semi-circle in the eastern part 
of its course, and finally flowing southwesterly into How- 
land. It receives in this town from the south a small 
affluent, which rises in the southeast angle of Medford, 
and flows northerly a little way inside the Maxfield line 
and in general parallelism with it, to the Piscataquis less 
than one-fourth of a mile from the line. A more im- 
portant tributary is received at the crown of the arc, one 
■ and two-thirds miles distant, on the north side, where the 
Hardy Stream comes in from the northwest, rising in 
two heads in the angles of Medford and Township No. 
3 respectively, uniting in Maxfield, and flowing two and 
a half miles further to the main stream. A petty brook 
also rises in Maxfield, half a mile north of the mouth of 
the Hardy, flows southeast, and joins the Piscataquis just 
beyond the Howland line. The Little Seboois Stream, 
outlet of Little Seboois Lake, flows in the central east of 
this town for two miles, and the Seboois Stream, coming 
down from Township No. 3 in a south and southeast 
course for three miles, when it joins the Little Seboois, 
less than half a mile before the exit of the latter from 
the town. The North Branch of Meadow Brook rises 
in the southeast edge of Maxfield, about two-thirds of a 
mile above the corner of the town. 

Maxfield has a fair population for a small interior and 
distant town, and has sensibly increased it even within 
the last eleven years. It is mainly on the south river 
road, running from Howland up the Piscataquis, about 
three miles of it in this town, and on the Bunker Hill 
or stage-road into Lagrange. This leaves the river road 
soon after it enters Maxfield, and runs with some zigzags 
southwesterly across the angle of Howland into Lagrange, 
crossmg the Maxfield south line about midway, and hav- 
ing about two and a half miles in this town. Near the 
junction of these roads is the Maxfield post-ofifice, kept 
by Mr. Franklin Tourtillott; and also a cemetery and 
430 



School No 2 a little above, on the river road. School 
No. I is on the Bunker Hill road, a mile above the town 
line. School No. 3 is across the river, about two-thirds 
of a mile from the post-ofifice, on the road from How- 
land village up the Piscataquis, which is the only high- 
way of importance on this side the river in Maxfield. A 
"plug" road runs off near School No. 3, two miles, to 
the settlements, on which is School No. 4, beyond the 
crossing of the Seboois Stream. 

The town is thus naturally considered as quite excel- 
lently located. The rich, alluvial soil bordering the river 
on both sides early made this region famous; and it still 
bears large amounts of corn and other grain and root 
crops. It is particularly well adapted to grain. The 
soil is quite varied in its constituents and capabilities; 
and the surface of the town is rather undulating. There 
is good water-power on the Piscataquis River and the 
Seboois Stream, which has been to some extent utilized 
for saw-mills. 

This town was formerly known as the Bridgton Acad- 
emy Grant, from the fact that it was appropriated by the 
State of Massachusetts, under its well-known ancient sys- 
tem of liberal land-grants, to aid in the support of the 
academy at Bridgton, in Cumberland county, this State, 
which institution was incorporated in March, 1808. It 
was wholly within the present limits of Maxfield, and 
amounted to eleven thousand acres. About the year 
1817 the tract was bought in a body by Mr. Joseph Mc- 
intosh, formerly of Hingham, Massachusetts. 

The first settler, whose name has not been preserved, 
is reputed to have got in here some three years before, in 
1814. Following him no long time after, came Mr. Mc- 
intosh, who settled on the south side of the Piscataquis, 
and cleared a large farm there. His place came 
to be known popularly as " Mac's Field ;" and it is said 
that this name, easily corrupted into Maxfield, finally 
gave the designation to the town. He also built the 
first saw-mill upon the tract, and engaged quite exten- 
sively for that time in the lumbering business. 

Joseph was followed into the wilderness by his brothers 
Samuel and Thomas, and by another Mcintosh named 
Stephen, who was accompanied by his grown son, 
Stephen Mcintosh, Jr. The second of these, Mr. 
Thomas Mcintosh, did not stay a great while or perma- 
nently locate in the settlement. 

About the year 1820 came in from Massachusetts two 
well-known pioneers, named Pierce Thomas and Martin 
Gushing. They settled on the north side of the Piscat- 
aquis, and not far from it. The Rev. Jesse Burnham, a 
clergyman of the Free-will Baptist faith, arrived soon 
after, and in the fullness of time organized a church, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



421 



which subsists to "this day, although its pulpit has of late 1 
been vacant. 

The next settlers whose names have been recorded 
were Stephen and Thomas Tourtillott. This is the only 
one of the old family names that remains in special 
prominence in the town. Mr. Franklin Tourtillott fills 
at once the offices of Postmaster, Town Clerk, and Jus- 
tice of the Peace in the town. 

They came about 1821. In this year also immigrated 
Levi Lancaster, up the river from Orono; and directly 
after him were two brothers, Stephen and Thomas Bunker, 
from the Kennebec country. 

Henry Clapp, who came from Boston about the same 
time, was the first to open a blacksmith shop in the set- 
tlement. 

The number and character of these early settlers, with 
the reputation of the tract as rich and fertile, soon attracted 
other settlers, and for several years the growth of the 
colony was quite rapid and hopeful. The great forest 
fire of 1S29, however — of which a graphic account will be 
found in Mr. Soule's history of Lagrange, in this volume 
— devastated this tract almost completely, sweeping oflT 
buildings, fences, standing crops, nearly everything. This 
calamity produced inevitable discouragement. Many left 
the settlement, never to return ; and it was long before 
the town recovered from the disaster. 

Neveitheless, the plantation was not dead nor abso- 
lutely deserted; and on the 6th of Febiuary, 1834, it 
was incorporated as a town by its present name. It had 
now, probably, about 186 inhabitants, since that was the 
census-return for the tract in 1830, and the number was | 
maintained with remarkable persistency for the censuses 
of 1S40 and 1S50, which showed, respectively, 185 and 
186 again. In i860 there were 162, 156 in 1870, and 
139 in 1880. Number of polls in the several last three 
years, 47, 32, and 39; estates, $17,568, $20,673, a"d 

17-541- 

The town officers for 1881 were: W. L. Harvey, 
Reuben H. Brann, John L. Dewitt, Selectmen ; Franklin 
Tourtillott, Town Clerk; John Smart, Treasurer; C. H. 
Bailey, Constable and Collector; Charles H. Bailey, John 
L. Dewitt, Constables; William L. Harvey, School 
Supervisor; F. Tourtillott, Justice. 

A goodly number of young men from Maxfield en- 
listed in the late war, who responded personally to the 
call of the Nation ; and the cemetery records show that a 
large percentage of them sealed their devotion to their 
country with their lives. 

John DeWitt, of Maxfield, was born July 24, 18 14. 
He is a son of Abraham P. DeWitt, of New Brunswick. 
Abraham P. DeWitt married Miss Nancy S. Smith, of 
New Brunswick. They had ten children, viz: Lydia, 
wife of David Holbrook, of Maxfield; John; David T., 
of Presque Isle; Henry, deceased; Phosbe, deceased; 
Nancy, deceased; Charles D., now of Presque Isle, ' 
Maine; Mary E., wife of Moses G. Smart, of Howland ; 
Phcebe S., wife of John Tolpa, of Bangor; Christiana S., 
wife of John Burnham, of Wisconsin. Mr. DeWitt 
moved to Maxfield in 1822 and settled on the hill where 
Mr. Goodrich now lives. He engaged in farming during 



the summer season, and during the winter he worked a 
lumbering. He died February 14, 1866. Mrs. DeWitt 
died September 2, 1863. Mr. John DeWitt on becom- 
ing of age settled where he now lives in Maxfield. He 
married for his first wife Miss Mahala L. Page, of How- 
land. She died August 5, 1866. She had seven chil- 
dren: Charles H., now of Presque Isle, Maine; Mary J., 
wife of Marshall Fuller, of Lagrange; Samuel L., de- 
ceased; Victoria A., deceased; Bradbury G., of Medford. 
Maine; Ella, wife of Israel H. Bemis, of Carmel, and 
Emma. Mr. DeWitt has held all the town offices in his 
town at different times. 

Abner S. Bailey, of Maxfield, is a son of James Bailey, 
who was born in Blissville, New Brunswick, in 1788. He 
settled in Maxfield in 1839. He married Elizabeth 
Seeley, born in 1793, and died in 1880. Mr. Bailey was 
a farmer and lumberman, and a very moral man, taking 
great interest in religious meetings, being a class leader for 
many years. He was drowned in Maxfield, May 20, 
1861. The surviving members of his familyare James A,, 
living in Detroit, Michigan , Henry E., of Farmington, 
Maine; Abner S., of Howland; Catharine (Mrs. DeWitt) 
of Presque Isle, Maine ; Mary A. (Mrs. Carey), of Presque 
Isle; John C, of Mill Brook, Michigan ; and Emery 
R., of Howland. Abner S. Bailey married Elizabeth 
Emery,- July 12, 1846. Their children are Isabella, de- 
ceased; Edwin A., deceased; Elvira, deceased; Augus- 
tine A.; Charles H.; Emma F., deceased (married a Mr. 
Delano). Mr. Bailey is a farmer and dealer in carriages. 
He has held many of the town offices as Selectman, 
Treasurer, Collector, etc. His grandparents were born 
in London, England. 

Abram T. Lancaster, of Maxfield, is a son of Levi 
and Olive Lancaster {nee Olive Tourtelott). They had 
fourteen children, of whom Abram is the third. Seven 
of them are still living. Abram was born in Bangor, 
May 4th, 1 814. He first settled in Maxfield, and has 
since lived here. He married Mrs. Clarissa Brier, by whom 
he had seven children — Louisa, wife of Josiah Babcock, 
of Howland; Charles, deceased; Alvin, deceased; 
George, in Minnesota; Mary, deceased; Seth, also in 
Minnesota; Ada, wife of Charles Cowen. 

John Smart, of Maxfield, was born March 29, 1819, in 
the town of Howland. His father's name was John, and 
his mother's Mary Lyford. John and Mary Smart had 
ten children who grew up — Charles, John, Lucinda, 
David, James, William, Joseph, Greenleaf, Olive, and 
Nancy. John, the second son of this family, married for 
his first wife Miss Rebecca Baily, by whom he had four 
children — Joel, now of Dover, New Hampshire; Eugene, 
of the same place; Mary, wife of Elbridge Morrill, of 
Atkinson, Maine ; and John, deceased. Mrs. Smart died 
in February, 1853; and Mr. Smart married for his second 
wife Harriet Johnston, of Medford, by whom he had ten 
children, eight of whom are living — Olive, wife of Forrest 
E. Freeze; Ernest, Anson, Hattie, Elijah, Harry, Her- 
bert, and Winfred. Mr. Smart has lived in Maxfield for 
over thirty years. He first settled on Whitney Ridge, 
where he lived about eight years before moving to the 
place where he now lives. He has held the office of 



42 2 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Selectman and Treasurer at different times, and is one of 
the representative men of his town. 

John F. Whitney, of Maxfield, is a son of John and 
Betsey Whitney. John Whitney came from Buxton, and 
Mrs. Whitney's folks came from Canterbury, New Ham-pr, 
shire. They had ten children, all except one of whom 
grew to manhood. Their names were Calvin H., Mary 
J., now Mrs. Colonel Gilmore, of Washington, District of 
Columbia; John F., deceased; Susan E., wife of Benja- 
min Croxford, of Dixmont, Maine;' John Fairbanks; 
Nancy A., now Mrs. Whiting, of Carmel, Maine; George 
W., of Bangor : Charles H., deceased (killed in a thresh-, 
ing machine); Warren L., now of Newburg, Maine; 
Hannah A., late of the Treasury Department in Wash- 
ington. During most of his life Mr. Whitney lived in 
Newburg, Maine. He held many prominent town offices, , 
and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 
the State- at. the time that document was framed.' H.e 
was for many years a deacon in the Free Baptist Church.. 
He died in 1877; Mrs. Whitney died some four years 
before. John F. Whitney was born in Newburg, Maine, 
in 1S23, March 26. After receiving a common school 
and academic education, he went to Monticello, Aroos- 
took county, as pastor of the Christian Church. He re- 
mained there one year, when he went to Lubec,. and. 
remained two years. . He afterwards preached in Salis- 
bury, New Hampshire; Mason, New Hampshire; Mar: 
rows, New Hampshire; Haverhill, Massachusetts, . and 
Lynn, Massachusetts. He moved to Maxfield in 1862, 
and engaged in farming and preaching until the present 
season. He married for his first wife Lydia J. Libbey, 
of Albion, by whom he had three children — Clarence. 
W., Fraiik B., and Jennie R. (twins). Mrs. Whitney 
died in July, 1S58, and Mr. Whitney married Miss Vic- 
toria F. Piper, of New Hampshire, by whom he has 
seven children — Mary F., Anna V., Dora E., Grace S,, 



Malconi.J., George C, Charles D., and one that died in 
infitncy named Victor. Mr. Whitney has held the 
offices of Town Clerk, Collector, School Com-mittee, i 
etc., etc. 

William L. Harvey, of Maxfield, is a son of Samuel | 
and Clementine (Berry) Harvey. Samuel Harvey came- 
from Nottingham, New Hampshire. He was born Jan- 
uary 26, 1803, and settled in Maxfield in 1S25. He 
settled on uncleared land, and made himself a comfort- 
able home. His family consisted of six pons and two 
daughters. One son died in early life, the rest lived to 
mature years. Four of his sons and one son-in-law. 
fought in the war of the Rebellion. ' One son was killed 
and two others severely wounded. One incident worthy 
of note, showing something of the hardships he endured; 
in his pioneer life, is' worthy of space here. He, with 
others, paid for his land to Joseph Mcintosh, agent for 
the Bridgton Academy Land Grant, but the deed not 
being recorded immediately, and Mr. Mcintosh dying, 
he, with the others, had to pay for the land again. He - 
commenced without anything and worked at day's work 
tor subsistence while clearing his land, yet he succeeded in j 
niaking a good farm and a comfortable living at farming, ; 
though most of his neighbo;;s did more or less at lumber., 
ing. He died in Lagrange in 1S75 — drojjped dead while.J 
speaking in a religious meeting. His children livmgare: 
William L. ; Ira B. Harvey, of East Corinth; J. C., of, 
Petaluma, California, and Clementine B. (Mrs. Freeze),'! 
of Deering, Maine. William L. married Adeliza Hayes 
in 1S54. They have had three children: Arthur L.,. 
Clara E..,. and Cyrus A. The first and last are deceased; ' 
Mr. Harvey is a well-informed man and takes great inter-' 
est in educational matters. He contributes to edu- ' 
cational magazines and is a practical teacher himself. 
He has held all the leading town offices, including that 
of Supervisor of Schools. 



MED WAY. 



Medway, formerly Nicatou pr Nickatow, notwithstand- 
ing' some disadvantage of remoteness from the centre of 
population in the county, and. its surroundings being still 
consideTably in wilderness, nevertheless enjoys some 
uniqueness and distinction of position. It is the only 
organized town in the county that lies on both sides of 
the Penobscot River. It is the locality in which those 
two waters so important to loggers and lumbermen, the 
East and West Branches of the Penobscot, unite their 
waters and their precious freights from the far north and 



northwest forests. It had a growth during the decade 
1870-80 unapproached,' in actual numbers or in ratio, 
by any other town in the county except Kingman, rising 
in the ten years from three hundred and twenty-one to 
six hundred and twenty-eight, of very nearly doubling its 
numbers. It is the most populous of the towns and 
plantations north of the range of towns of which Lincoln 
is one, with the sole exception of Winn. 

Medway lies at the base, as it were — is the southern- 
niost — of the stately columns of nine regular townships 



HISTORY OK PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



423 



on the east side of the long north projection of the coun- 
ty, eight of them numbered in the sixth range. Mount 
Chase and Patten, the only organized towns, and Stacy- 
ville, the only organized plantation, in this part of the 
county, lie in this lange. Med way itself is not cjnitc an 
even township, however. It is the regulation six miles' 
length on the north and the west sides, but on the south 
side encounters the older system of surveys, which has 
inclined its south line to the northward, and made a jog 
in it, at the northeast corner of Township No. 2, break- 
ing the line southward for a fraction of a mile, and then 
making another angle which sends the line north of east ' 
again to a junction in a somewhat obtuse angle with the ^ 
east line of the town, which by the northward deflection 
of the south line is shortened about one-half of a mile, ' 
or to a length of five and a half miles. By this zigzag on 
the south, however, the area of the town is not material- 
ly reduced from the usual township size of thirty-six 
square miles, or twenty-three thousand and forty acres. 

Medway is bounded on the north by Township No. i, 
in the Sixth Range; on the east by Molunkus, in Aroos- 
took county; on the south by Woodville and the north- 
east angle of Township No. 2, Range Eight; and on the 
west by Township A, Range. Seven, in which lies the ' 
Hopkins Academy Grant, and beyond and above which 
lies the Indian Purchase of two townships. The 
town is forty-seven and one-half miles from Bangor, and 1 
about the same distance, or forty-eight miles, from the 
north line of the county. It is very fitly named- Med 
(that is, Mid) way. 

The Penobscot waters are by far the most important, 
and indeed are almost the only waters in this town. The j 
East Branch comes in from Townshij) A, a little below 
the northwest corner of Medway, and flows three and 
one-half mites south to the junction with the West_ 
Branch, which enters from the same tract, and has a 
course to the southeastward of less than one and one- 
half miles before joining the other branch to form the 
main stream of the Penobscot. This has a flow in Med- 
way, in an almost straight course to the southeast, of 
four and one-third miles. It leaves the town in a gentle 
curve, almost at the exact southeast corner, and then 
forms the boundary between Woodville Plantation and 
Mattawamkeag. It would be interesting to describe 
further here these invaluable waters, and give some 
sketch of the lumbering scenes upon them; but this has 
been so fully done in the first chapter of this work and 
elsewhere, that anytliing we could write here would be 
little more than repetition. Just at the junction of the 
Branches there is a small island. One mile to one and 
one-half above it the East Branch receives two small af- 
fluents, one on each side. Half a mile above, on the 
West Branch, a petty tributary empties, having three 
headwaters in the southwest angle of the town. A mile 
below the junction a small brook enters the Penobscot 
from the central part of the town, and a little one from the 
southwest on the other bank, one-third of a mile above 
the furmer. Somewhat less than a mile from its exit 
from the town, the river receives the outflow of the • 
Salmon Stream, a pretty large tributary coming down 



from Township No, i, and flowing nearly six miks in a 
southeast course, receiving a triflnig rill from each side 
on the way. Very near its mouth another stream, head- 
ing in two branches in the edge of Molunkus and the 
northeast part of Medway, flows south into the river. 
Nearly opposite the mouth of the Salmon, the Pottagem- 
bus or Pattagumpus Stream, rising in two branches in the 
northwest of Woodville and giving its name formerly to a 
settled stiip in the north part of that tract, flowing with a 
northeast course one and one-fourth miles, enters the 
Penobscot. 

The population of Medway, with few exceptions, hugs 
closely the main trunk of the Penobscot, and along or 
near its shores are to be found the only important wagon- 
roads in the town. The stage-road enters from Matta- 
wamkeag across an angle of Molunkus, crosses the Sal- 
mon Stream near its mouth, and runs on to Medway 
post-office, whence a trail runs up the east side of the East 
Branch. About a mile below Medway village the road 
passes two cemeteries, one on each side of the track, and 
nearly opposite each other. Just west of the Salmon a 
short road diverges to the river-bank. On the opposite 
side of the river, at about half a mile's distance, an im- 
portant road nears the Penobscot from the southward, 
and bends for its course up the south shore of the river. 
This highway leaves the great road from Bangor up the 
west side of the Penobscot, at Chester post office, and 
runs with a general north direction through the heart of 
Woodville and about half a mile in Medway, before it 
turns at almost a rigHt angle and goes about five miles 
up the river in Medway and out a little further to the 
Rockabema Rips, in Township A, on the West Branch. 
From the school-house half a mile south of Medway 
village a two-mile road runs off west of south to the town 
line, on which are several settlements. There is another 
school-house two-thirds of a mile further up the road, and 
one a mile and a half further, near the west line of the 
town. About the school-house on the Pattagumpus near 
the great bend in the road, and between the road and the 
Penobscot, is a cluster of dwellings, now called South 
Medway, where a post-office has been established of late 
5'ears. This was the older Pattagumpus Plantation. 
Here also is a shingle- and saw-mill. At Medway village 
there is a ferry across the Penobscot, with a post-office, a 
Congregational church, the extensive tannery of Henry 
Poor & Son,' with . a hotel, two general stores, several 
shops, and the "Reunion" Lodge of Good Templars. 
There is an old mill-site at the lower end of the island 
where the branches join their waters. 

From its favorable situation, settlement naturally got 
quite early into this tract — as soon as 1820, it is said, 
although the pursuits of the river and of lumbering must 
have caused much transient occupation by the whites here 
before that time. By 1852 the number of inhabitants 
here was enough to demand the simple local government 
for which the plantation system provides. The township 
was organized as a plantation, and long bore the name 
of Nicatou (often spelled "Nicatow" upon the maps) — 
a personal name of some note, we believe, among the 
Penobscot Indians. 



424 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



Nicatou (Medway) existed as a plantation for nearly a 
quarter-century, or until 1875, when, on the 8th of Feb- 
ruary of that year, it was incorporated as a town under 
its present name. At the same time Pattagumpus Plan- 
tation, south of the township, and formerly known as 
Letter Z, in Township Two, lost its identity, and was ab- 
sorbed in the new town. 

Medway Plantation had a population of 321 in 1870, 
and 628 in 1880. Polls these years, severally, 76 and 
156; estates, $30,637 and $79,638. 

Pattagumpus Plantation had 105 people in i860 and 
94 in 1870. In 1880 its census was taken with Medway. 
In 1870 its polls numbered 20, and its estates were 
valued at $5,171. 

The public officers in the town ini88i were as follow: 
James F. Kimball, William Waite (South), Postmasters; 
J. F. Twitchell, Timothy W. Reed, Alvarus Hathaway, 
Selectmen; J. F. Twitchell, Town Clerk; B. N. Fiske, 
Treasurer; John O. Hale, Collector; John Hall, Jr., 
Nelson A. Powers, Constables ; Thomas Fowler, James 
F. Kimball, Mrs. John O. Hale, School Committee; J. 
F. Twitchell, John Hall, Jr., Justus Hathaway (Quorum), 
J. F. Twitchell (Trial), Justices. 

Benjamin N. Fiske, of Medway, is a son of Walter 
and Abigail Fiske, of Pepperell, Massachusetts. Walter 
Fiske was a native of Wilton, New Hampshire, and mar- 
ried Abigail Dixon, of Cambridge, Massachusetts. They 
lived many years in Pepperell, but moved to Medway in 
1846. He has since lived in Waterville, New Brunswick, 
from which place he moved to Mattawamkeag, where he 
is still residing. Mrs. Fiske died August 4, 1846. This 



couple had six children, viz : Mary A., deceased ; Ben- 
jamin; Sarah N.; Achsa, deceased; Hannah M.;and 
Walter H., deceased. Benjamin N., the oldest son, was 
born March i, 1815, in Pepperell, Massachusetts. He 
began business as a hotel keeper in Medway in 1844, 
where he has since lived except two years spent in Aroos- 
took county. He married Eliza P. Warren, and they 
have had three children, viz: Emily D., wife of Charles 
F. Moore, of Medway; Theodore V., deceased; and 
Henry D., now of Medway. Mr. Fiske is not now en- 
gaged in the hotel business, but is giving his attention to 
farming. He was the first Clerk in this town, when it 
was Nicatou Plantation. He was postmaster here for 
several years and has also held the offices of Town 
Treasurer and Selectman at different times. 

Charles E. Powers, of Medway, is a son of Charles 
Powers, of Kennebec county, Maine. Charles Power;, 
had five children, four sons and one daughter, viz: 
Charles E., Andrew, Nelson, William, and Laura A. (de- 
ceased). Mr. Powers died September 25, 1874. Mrs. 
Powers, whose maiden name was Frances Proctor, died 
in 1870. Charles E. Powers, the eldest of this family, 
was born August 6, 1826, and married Hannah Dean, 
daughter of Gideon and Mary E. Dean, of Robmson, 
Maine. He first settled in Marion, Maine, but moved to 
Medway in 1847, where they have since lived, engaged 
in farming and lumbering. He has had seven children, 
viz: Wellington, now of Medway; Maria, wife of George 
Reed, of Medway; Angeline, wife of William Taylor, of 
Eau Claire, Wisconsin; Ella D. and Mark, deceased; 
John A., and Charles William. 



I 



MOUNT CHASE. 



Again we move far, far up the valley of the Penobscot, 
up the East Branch, up the Seboois River, and up its 
eastern tributary waters, to the northernmost organized 
town or plantation in the county, eighty miles — the 
Maine Register says one hundred — from Bangor. It is 
the ancient Township 5, in Range 6, erstwhile Mount 
Chase Plantation, and finally Mount Chase town. It is 
on the stage line from the European & North American 
Railroad at Mattawamkeag, to Fort Kent in the extreme 
north of the State, on the St. John. 

Mount Chase occupies an even surveyed township 
(but for a little break or bend near the southeast corner, 
caused probably by a fault in the surveys). It is bounded 
on the north by Township 6, of the same range ; on the 



] east by Hersey town, in Aroostook county; on the south 
; by Patten, Penobscot county; and on the west by Town- 
ship 5, in the Seventh Range. Crystal Plantation, in 
Aroostook, corners with it on the southeast; and Moro 
Plantation, in the same, corners on the northeast. 

Mount Chase, from which the town derives its name, 
is a commanding eminence in the central part nearly a 
mile and a half in length, and of considerable height. 
The story of its name will be given below. A road leads 
to it on an east and west line from Aroostook, which 
sends off a branch a little way due north, about half a 
mile from the east line of the town, and another a third 
of a mile further, which goes to the southward about a 
'• mile, then by a right angle to the east again, joining a 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



425 



little beyond the Aroostook line the stage road through 
Patten to Port Kent. This ro.nd enters the town ne.arly 
one-half a mile west of the southeast corner, and runs a 
little east of north two and one-half miles to its exit on 
the north line of the town. Half a mile from its en- 
trance it sends off, on the west side, a mile long road to 
a settlement in the interior, and half a mile or more fur- 
ther another and shorter one on the other side. Shortly 
before entering the town, the only east and west road 
through Mount Chase branches from it and passes 
nearly due westward to its junction with a second im- 
portant ro-id from the Patten way, which, crossing the 
Mount Chase line about two and one-fourth miles from 
the southwest corner, runs northwestward nearly five 
miles, passing out into Township 5, just north of the 
Lower Shin Pond. Most of the settlements are on these 
main roads; and nowhere are they yet dense enough to 
form a village. The people are still mainly dependent 
upon Patten for mail facilities. School No. 2 is on the 
east and west road, about midway across the town; and 
there is another school-house about two-thirds of a mile 
below the junction of this with tlie stage road. There 
are in all six school districts in the town, four of which 
have school-houses. There is a Methodist Episcopal 
Society in the town, but we believe with no meeting- 
house built as yet. 

The lakes of Mount Chase are the Shin Pond, lying a 
little way beyond the north line, but the main body south 
of it, the whole about one and one-fourth miles long, 
with perhaps an average breadth of one-third the length; 
a little sheet three-fourths of a mile south, with an outlet 
to the other; and the Lower Shin Pond, of nearly twice 
the area of its northern sister. It is on the west line of 
the town, and a large portion of it outside ; is about a 
mile southwest of the upper Pond, and connecting with 
it by a broad, winding outlet. The upper Pond receives 
a small tributary on the east, which itself has several 
petty heads in this town. One of these ponds gives its 
name to the only hotel kept in the town — the Shin 
Pond House. 

Through the southern part of the town froin east to 
west llows the Crystal Brook, receiving from the north 
three small tributaries at intervals of about a mile from its 
head in the southwest angle, and flowing into Hersey 

S4 



about a mile north of the southeast corner. Further in 
the aforesaid angle are the three or four heads of a brook 
which flows across the adjacent angle of Patten into 
Township No. 4, Seventh Range. Three-fourths of a 
mile east of it the headwater of Fish Stream, which be- 
longs mainly to Patten, passes the town line. 

This township was (list settled in 1838, and it was in 
due time organized as Mount Chase Plantation. March 
2r, 1S64, it was erected as a full town, under the name 
of Mount Chase. This goes back for its original to the 
imposing height in the north part of the town, and that 
took its name from a man named Chase, who was here 
in 1S25. He was probably an agent of the State, as his 
mission was to prevent trespasses by timber thieves upon 
the public lands, drive them off, and destroy some wild 
hay which they had cut. The great fire of that year in 
the north woods came upon him while thus engaged, 
and he had to flee with the utmost dispatch to save his 
life. Fortunately the mountain, till then unnamed, at 
least by the whites, was within his reach before the 
flames overtook him, and he found safety upon its slopes 
or heights. It has since been know-n as Mount Chase, 
and is one of the most notable physical features in the 
north of the county, specially remarkable, perhaps, among 
its mountains and waters, as bearing an English name. 

Thirteen years passed, as already noted, before the 
first permanent settler got into this township, in the per- 
son of Thomas Myrick. He was presently followed by 
his relative Ezra Myrick, and by Francis Weeks, John 
Crommett, John Fisk, and David Bumpus. 

Mount Chase Plantation had 250 people within its 
borders by the census of i860; in 1870 it had 262, and 
310 in iSSo. Its voters in 1S70 numbered 72; in 1880 
71. Estates in these years, $22,025, ^"d $28,101. 

The principal occupation of the citizens of Mount 
Chase is now farming, but there is still one firm engaged 
in manufacturing lumber* There is a great deal of ex- 
cellent water-power in the town, at one place falls of 
ninety feet sheer height. 

The town officers of Mount Chase in iSSr were: 
Charles Noyes, William Lord, Oscar Davis, Selectmen ; 
Fred Noyes, Town Clerk ; John Steen, Treasurer; Wil- 
liam Lord, Constable and Collector ; Fred Noyes, 
Thomas Purvis, Frank H. Osgood, School Committee. 



I' 



NEWBURG. 



GEOGRAPHICAL, ETC. 

Again far to the southwest and westward, this time 
nearly a full hundred miles, until we are brought up by 
the south line of the county; and we are at the ancient 
town of Newburg, on the old stage route from Bangor to 
Vassalboro, through China, in Kennebec county. It 
would rightfully be also an even surveyed township, but 
its symmetry is badly broken by the divergence of its 
south line from ]5arallelism with its north boundary, and 
by the convergence of its east line, as it goes southward, 
toward the west limit. It thus happens that no two of 
its confines are of equal length, and that its area is less 
than twenty-three thousand acres. The measurements of 
Its several bounding lines, if the Penobscot County Atlas 
is to be accepted as authority, are about as follow: North, 
six miles ; east, five and a half miles ; south, five miles ; 
west, five and a half miles. The east line is in two sec- 
tions, one running straight from the northeast corner of 
the town west of south, to a point about one and a third 
miles from the southwest corner, whence it drops to the 
corner in a line more nearly south. The west boundary 
is about a quarter of a mile longer than a perpendicular 
drojjped from the north line to the southeast corner, 
which is about five and a quarter miles long, and de- 
scribes the narrowest width of the town. Its greatest 
length is indicated by the north line, six miles. 

Newburg is bounded on the north by Carmel, on the 
east by Hampden, the south by Winterport and Monroe, 
Waldo county, and the west by Dixiiiont. It is distant 
from the nearest point of Bangor only by the width of 
Hermon, six miles. 

This town, having been settled for nearly ninety years, 
has become quite densely populated, its numbers consid- 
erably rising a thousand. By far the great majority of 
these are on the three east. and west roads which com. 
pletely intersect the town, and the other road in the same 
general direction which crosses something more than 
half the tract. The northernmost of these, the old 
stage-road aforesaid, comes in from Bangor at the north- 
east corner of the town, passes North Newburg post- 
office at less than a mile's distance. School No. 8 at the 
edge of the village, and School No. 7, with a cemetery, 
about two miles further; School No. 4 near the Junction 
of a north road a mile from the town line which runs 
into Carmel, and at this junction divides into two branch- 
es, which run out half a mile apart into Dixmont. Near- 
ly one and three-quarter miles below the northeast corner 
of the town enters from Hampden the road from Hamp- 
den village through West Hampden, which makes far to 
the south of west across Newburg and on to Dixmont 
post-office and out into Somerset county. This is the 



old stage-road. The Town House is half-way across, and 
almost at the exact geographical centre of the town; 
Newburg post-office, with a cemetery and School No. 5, 
is a mile west of it; and Newburg Centre post-office, 
with School No. 5, nearly a mile and a half east, and 
School No. 1 1 over a inile beyond the post-office. 

Between these two roads another east and west high- 
way traverses about three-fifths of the town, beginning in 
two branches at a road from the west of Newport Cen- 
tre going north to the other road near School No. 7, the 
branches uniting less than a mile distant and forming a 
highway which goes about three miles to and then into 
Dixmont. About halfway over it passes School No. 9, 
and then sends a north road a little over a mile's length 
to the main east and west road. 

The third principal highway across the town also conies 
in from Hampden in two branches, which unite over half 
a mile in the interior of Newburg, at the Newburg village 
post-office. It runs thence a little south of west about a 
mile and a half further to South Newburg post-office. 
Half a mile out, at School No. i and the neighboring 
cemetery, it shoots off a road north to Newport Centre. 
Another north road goes from South Newport to the 
Town House. The main road leaves the town for Dix- 
mont Centre about a mile above the southwest corner, a 
little after passing the Free-will Baptist church. A num- 
ber of short cross-roads connect these main lines; but 
they call for no description. Across the northeast angle 
of the town passes the north and south road from Hamp- 
den to Carmel. Little more than a mile and a half 
north of this corner, in Carmel, lies the Maine Central 
Railroad. 

The headwaters of a number of streams are in this 
town ; but no stream cuts completely across it except a 
tributary of the Sowadabscook, and this only in two 
branches part of the way, and only across a little more 
than the northwest quarter of the town. The heads of 
the Kinsley Stream are still further in the northwest angle. 
In the opposite or northeast angle are several heads of 
the stream running into Patten Pond, on the border of 
the town. Further south, in the central east and south i 
of the town, and the southeast angle, are numerous) 
sources of a tributary of the west branch of the Sowa- 
dabscook. A very small lake, near the south line of the| 
town, is one of them — the only sheet of water in New- 
burg. In the southwest angle are the headwaters of petty] 
brooks that run into Waldo county. 

The northern and western parts of Newburg are prettyj 
full of rocks and hills; but in the sc'Utheast of the town, 
along the banks of the Sowadabscook, are extensive tracts 
of fertile intervale land. The soil here is well adapted to 



1 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, iMAINL. 



427 



tlie growth of Indian corn and other grains, of potatoes, 
and of hay; and various kinds of fruit are produced with 
success.- In the older days the hemlock and other 
woods of the Newburg forests prompted a large business 
in hauling bark and cordwood to Bjngor and other points 
on the Penobscot; but the land is now mostly cleared 
and devoted to agriculture. 

THE ORIGINAL OWNER 

of this township, after the State of Massachusetts, was 
the redoubtable Revolutionary General and afterwards 
our first Secretary of War, Henry Knox, of whom more 
elaborate mention is made elsewhere in this volume. 
Newburg is upon one of the four townships selected Feb- 
ruary s, 1800, to make good the deficiency in the Mus- 
congus or Waldo patent, a large share of which (that is, 
the additions from the present Penobscot county) was as- 
signed to General Knox. The purchaser from him of 
"Plantation No. 3" (Newburg), was Benjamin Bussey, 
who sold comparatively little of it, by reason of the high 
prices put upon it, and so held most of it until his death. 

THE settlers' LOTS, 

in tolerable number, had to be reserved in the grant to 
the Wjldo heirs. Already a goodly number of hardy 
pioneers were upon the sjil of the Newburg to be. Be- 
tween 1794 and 1798, or not long after, had come Cap- 
tain and Rev. Edward Snow, a retired sea-captain, and, 
wliat is more remarkable, a Methodist minister as well, 
wlio is accredited with being the first settler; CuUum 
Muffit, said to have been the second on the ground; and 
then Messrs. George and Ichabod Bickford, Thomas Mor- 
rill, Spooner Alden, Freeman Luce, Levi Mudgett, James 
Morrison, Abel Hardy, Ezekiel Smith, Daniel Piper, and 
others. Settlement was measurably kept back for a time 
by the exorbitant prices asked for the land by Mr. Bus- 
sey; but after his death the heirs and their agents were 
more reasonable in their demands, and the Plantation 
(or township) filled up more rapidly. 

MUNICIP.^L ORGANIZATION. 

The inchoate state of Newburg town, as before noted, 
was as "Plantation No. 3." March 13, 1819, it emeiged 
from the transition jjeriod, and became a full-fledged 
town." It was the two hundred and thirty-second cieated 
by the General Court of Massachusetts in the District of 
Maine; one of the five (and the only one in Penobscot 
county) incorporated in 18 19, and the fiftii erected before 
the separation of the States. 

Nine days thereafter, upon the call of Rufus Gilmore, 
under the act or resolve of incorporation, and upon a 
warrant issued by i'homas A. Hill, a Justice of the Peace 
in Bangor, the first town meeting was held at the school- 
house, near John Whitney's residence. There were at 
this time forty voters in the town, of whom about seven- 
eighths (thirty-four) were present, betokening the intelli- 
gent and eager interest taken in laying the foundation of 
permanent municipal government here. Mr. Spooner 
Alden was Moderator of the meeting, and Mr. Gilmore, 
Clerk. Both of these, with Mr. Benj.imin Fulsoni, were 
elected Selectmen, Assessors, and Overseers of the new 
town. 



A long list of honorable gentlemen, during the sixty- 
three years, nearly, since their election, have succeeded 
in the town offices the citizens chosen at this meeting for 
public service. Their last successors (in 1881) were: 
J. P. Righy, Joseph M. Davis, Franklin Prescott, Select- 
men; ("handler H. Whitcomh, Town Clerk; Jabez 
Knowlton, Treasurer; S. E. Mudgett, Constable and 
Collector; C. A. Arnold, J. W. Chapman, \\'illiam 
Jackson, School Committee; Jabez Knowlton, C. H. 
Whitcomb, S. C. Emerson, J. F. Hussey, George R. 
Thurloujjh, John M. Bickford (Quorum), Charles A. 
Arnold (Trial), George R. Thurlough (Dediinus), Justices. 

NOTES OF PROGRESS. 

Plantation No. 3 had 62 inhabitants at the beginning 
of this century. In 1810 it had 216, a truly remarkable 
increase (350 per cent.) for that period of Penobscot 
history and for a single decade. In 1820 Newburg town 
had 328 people, 63 voters, and estates valued at $24,718. 
Its population in 1S30 was 626, 963 in 1840, 1,399 '" 
1S50, 1,365 in 1S60, 1,115 '" 1870, and 1,057 in 1880. 

The number of polls in Newburg in i860 was 294; in 
1870, 286; and in 1880, 304. 

The Newburg estates were officially rated in i860 at 
$170,483; in 1870, at $237,964; and in 18S0, at $27:;,- 
102. The property valuation of the town has kept in- 
creasing, notwithstanding some lessening of population. 

NOTED NEW BURGERS. 

Rufus Gilmore, the caller of the first town meeting, 
and otherwise a prominent citizen in the early day, was 
an adjutant of militia on the Hampden battle-ground in 
1 8 14, and was afterwards promoted to be Colonel. He 
was a land surveyor for many years, and filled various 
State, county, and town offices. He afterwards removed 
to Monroe, now in Waldo county, where he died, aged 
eighty-five years. General Charles D. Gilmore, former 
High Sheriff of this countv, was a son of the honored 
old pioneer. He was a colonel m the Union army dur- 
ing the civil war, and was finally promoted to a General- 
ship. He is now a well-known resident of Washington, 
District of Columbia. 

Charles P. Brown, Esq., of Bangor; M. F. Mudgett, 
a lawyer in New York City; A. G. Mudgett, a captain in 
Colonel H. .M. PLiisied's Regiment (Eleventh Maine), 
during the late war; also Major M. M. Folsom and his 
brother. Dr. A. P. Folsom, of Oldtown, are natives of 
this town. 

The following notes occur in the Roll of Honor of 
Bowdoin College, published in the Reports of the Ad 
jutant-General of the State: 

Class of 1S65. — William H. H. Andrews, born in 
Newburg, March, 1842; did not complete the course; 
Quartermaster Sergeant, with date S.-ptember, 1862; 
promoted Quartermaster. 

Class of 1867. — William P. Mudgett, born in New- 
burg, January, 1S42; Second Lieuten.mt Eleventh Maine; 
resigned. 

THE BUSINESS INTERESTS 

of Newburg, as last reported, consist of the cheese factory 
at South Newburg, organized eight or ten years ago ; the 



428 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



North Newburg Cheese Factory, two lumber manufactur- 
ers, one carder, two carriage-makers, one cooper, one 
wheelwright, two stone cutters, one harness-maker, three 
masons, live smiths, one sii;n and carriage painter, 
three butchers, one conveyancer and land siu veyor, one 
physician, seven merchants, and one dealer in pictures, 
picture frames, and fancy goods. The Grange Store is 
kept at South Newburg — Mr. Marcellus Tinney, agent. 
Agriculture is the chief industry of the town. 

THE POST-OFFICES 

of the town are Newburg, G. H. Thurlougb, Postmaster; 
North Newburg, C. H. Whitney, Postmaster; Norili 
Centre, Solomon Foster, Postmaster; South Newburg, 
John F. Hussey, Posjmaster; Newburg Village, J. J. 
Dearborn. The town is thus abundantly supplied with 
postal facilities. 

THE CHURCHES 

of Newburg are the Calvinistic Baptist, at Newburg 
Centre, whose pulpit is vacant at present; the Free Bap- 
tist, at the same place, whose church building was burned 
in 1876 — Rev. Winthrop Andrews, Pastor; the Christian 
Baptist at Newburg post-office. Rev. Charles Rigby; and 
the Methodist Episcopal church at North Newburg, Rev. 
Rufus Day, Pastor. 

THE OTHER ASSOCIATIONS 

of a quasi-public character are at present only the Rising 
Star Grange, No. 1 1, Patrons of Husbandry, at Newburg, 
and the Golden Rule Grange, No. 183, at North New- 
burg. 

THE SCHOOLS 

of the town, on a public foundation, number ten. A 
free high school has been maintained during two terms 
per year. . 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

One of the early settlers of Newburg was Mr. David 
Gilmore, who came here from Massachusetts. He was 
born in Franklin, Massachusetts, in May, 1763. When 
he came to Newburg, it was known as No. 2, Range i. 
He was for many years Land .Xgent for B. Bussey, and 
was once waylaid and nearly killed by trespassers. He 
married Mary Robins, who was born in November, 1766. 
They had si.x children, all of whom are now deceased. 
Mr. Gilmore died in February, 1848, and Mrs. Gilmore 
in January, 1834. Rufus Gilmore, eldest son of David 
Gilmore and father of Mrs. J. M. Brown, was born 
October 26, 1787, and came to Maine with his father. 
He married Julietta Fairbanks, born April 10, 178S. 
They were married December 8, 1808. Mr. Gilmore 
was a surveyor, and assisted in laying out the Hallowell 
Military Road and the townships in Aroostook county. 
He surveyed the Calais road. For over twenty years he 
was Postmaster in Newburg. At the time of the battle 
of Hampden he was an officer, and during his later life 
received a pension for a few years. He held prominent 
town offices, and was County Commissioner twice. So 
much was he held in esteem by his townsmen that he 
was chosen by them to represent them in the Legislature. 
In 1853 he moved to Monroe, Waldo countv, where he 
and his wife both died. They liad eleven children — six 



daughters and one son. His son Charles David now 
lives in Washington, District of Columbia. He served in 
the army during the Rebellion, and was promoted to the 
rank of General. 

Moses Adams was born in Hamilton, Massachusetts, 
June 21, 1797. He moved to Newburg, Penobscot 
county, Maine, in 1831, and settled on the farm he now 
occiijiies. Mr. Adams is the oldest man living in the 
town of Newburg. He served under Captain Parson ; 
in the War of 181 2 for si.x; weeks. He was married 
February 10, 1831, to Nancy Philbrick, Mt. Vernon, by 
whom five children were born— Delia J., born July 2, 
1832, now the wife of George R. Thurlow, lives at home; 
Louisa A., born July 2, 1836, married William W. Jack- 
son, Jr., now living in Lowell, Massachusetts; Maria A., 
born September 15, 1S38, married Charles H. Bond, 
lives in Charles River Village, Massachusetts; Sidney C.,j 
born October 14, 1841, died at the age of thirteen 
months. 

Jabez Knowlton, the subject of this sketch, was born 
in Ashford, Connecticut, January 16, 1S09, and settled 
in the town ot Newburg, Penobscot county, Maine, in 
1835, o''' '''^ place now occu]]ied by him. He engaged 
in the mercantile business, which has since been his oc- 
cupation. Mr. Knowlton was elected First Selectman 
in 1S42, and held the office until 1877; was elected Rep- 
resentative of the county in 1847. Mr. Knowlton mar- 
ried Susan M. Bickford, June, 1839, by whom he had 
one child — Amos W., born April 27, 1845. Amos W.; 
Knowlton was married November 10, 1869, to Anna 
Churchill, of Lawrence, Massachusetts. Amos W. held 
the office of Town Clerk in Newport three years. In 
1872 he went to Newport and engaged in mercantile 
business eight years, but for the past year he has been 
engaged in business with his father. Mr. J. Knowlton 
was elected Town Treasurer in 1842. In connection 
with his other business Mr. Knowlton has been interested 
in the carding, cloth-dressing, shingle, and lumber in- 
dustries, giving employment to many men. Amos \V. is 
a Justice of the Peace, and is Master of Archon Lodge, 
No. 139, Free and Accepted Masons, East Dixmont. 

George R. Thurlow was born in South Berwick, York 
county, Maine, April 19, 1821, moved to Monroe at 
the age of seven years, and lived in that town till 1852, 
t'rom which place he moved to Newburg, Penobscot 
county, Maine, and settled on the place now occupied 
by himself and Moses Adams. He was the fifth son of 
James Thurlow, formerly of South Berwick, PvLaine, who 
was one of the earliest jjioneers of Monroe. He was 
Su)3erintendent of Schools in Monroe and Newburg for 
five years; served as .\id to both Brigadier and Major- 
General of Militia; has held the office of Town Clerk of j 
the town of Newburg sixteen years; also Justice of the 
Peace sixteen years, and is now Qualifying Justice in said 
town. In 1870 he was elected Representative to the 
Legislature; served as a member of the Senate in 
1875 and 1876; has also been engaged in farming, lum- 
bering, milling, conveyancing, and land surveyor. He 
married Delia J. Adams October 10, 1850, by whom 
three children were born — Sidney A., born in Monroe 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



429 



October 23, 1851, is now clerk in foreign department of 
'the New York City post-office, liaving charge of said de- 
])artment,'not iiiarricd; Flora A., and Cairie I., botli of 
whom have been engaged in teaching for several years. 

Joshua 15. Prescott was born in Dixmoni, Penobscot 
county, Maine, January 9, iSii. In 1832 he came to 
Newbiirg, and settled on the farm now occu])ied by him. 
In 1837 he mairied Rebecca V.irney, of Dixmont, by 
whom seven children were born — Charles H., botn 
November 25, 1S41, died from a wound received in the 
hte war; Franklin, horn May 5, 1S43, married Addie 
Newcomb, of Carmel, and now lives in Newburg ; 
Augustus, born October 10, 1S44, married Mary Mac- 
Pherson, of Newburg, living now in Newburg; Louisa, 
born October 9, 1846, married Thomas King, of New- 
burg, now living in Etna; Ellen, born October 14, 
1851, married William Kackliff, of Dixmont, lives at 
home; Emma, born November 19, 1S53, died June 12, 
1866; Clarence, born September 29, 1857, died June 
12, 1866. Joshua B. has been one ot the Selectmen of 
Newburg for ten years, also Overseer of the Poor. 
Charles H. enlisted in the Nineteenth Maine Regiment, 
Company B; was wounded in one of the engagements, 
and died from the effects of wounds received ; also 
Franklin Prescott enlisted in the First Maine Cavalry, 
Company M, under Captain Brown, and was wounded 
near Petersburg. He was in many engagements during 
his service of three years. Since the war he settled in 
Newburg on the farm now occupied by him, and holds 
office of Selectman. 

H. A. Arnold was born in New Brunswick, the 15th of 
February, 1S20. He is the first son of Joseph Arnold, 
who emigrated to this county in 1832, and settled in 
Dixmont. Mr. Arnold, not having a chance to attend 
school in early life, by his own energy and self-will ac- 
quired a fair education, and taught common school 
twenty-five terms. He has been in the mercantile busi- 
ness for many years. He came to the town of New- 
burg in ^854. He has been a School Committeeman 
for three years, also Selectman three years, and is Post- 
master at present. Mr. Arnold married May i, 1843, 
H.innah Tasker, of Dixmont, by whom five children were 
born— Marcela, born February 5, 1844, married I. B. 
Bickford, of Newburg, now living in Somerville, Massa- 
chusetts; Hannah A., born Septembers, 1851, married 
Algernon Brown, of Carmtl, now living in Newbury; 
Charles A., born September 17, 1853, married Florence 
Tooihaker, of Dixmont, now living in Newburg ; Lillie 
F., born May 13, 1856, married George Cuitiss, of New- 
burg, now living in Boston, Massachusetts; Melville A., 
born October 24, 1S64, now living at home. Charles 
Anson .\rnold, oldest son of H. A. Arnold, received his 
education in common and high schools, and also at the 
Maine Central Institute, and has since been elected Trial 
Justice. He has also been Superintendent of .Schools of 
Newburg township three years, and is now a member of 
the School Committee in said town. 

John Eaton was borii iii' Sedgwick, Maine, March 16, 
1808. In 1830 he moved to Wmterport and bought a 
farm, on which he lived ten years. He then moved to 



Newburg, where he has since resided. He married Mary 
K. Doten, and had six children: Caroline H., married 
Joseph M. Davis and died in 1858; Lucinda R., married 
John W. Davis, and lives at home; .Mary H., married 
Charles B. Abbott, who died in the late war; Francis A., 
niarried Joseph M. Davis and lives at home; Maria P., 
married George F. A. Avery and lives in Exeter; Harriet 
R., married Burgess W. Newcomb and lives in Newburg. 
Joseph M. Davis was born in Sedgwick, Hancock countv, 
Maine, March 22, 1832. .^fter he was nineteen years of 
age he worked seven years in the ship-yards, when he 
moved to Newburg. He has held the office of Select- 
man for six years. November 26, 1S54, he was married 
to Caroline H. EatOn, and had two children, Fred O. 
and Caioline H., both of whom, together with his wife, 
died. In 1858 he married Francis A. Eaton and has 
had five children : Frank W., John A., Carrie E., all 
deceased; Cora G. and Joseph F., at home. 

John ^V. Davis was also born in Sedgwick, Maire, 
April 25, 1833. In early life he followed the sea for 
three years, after which he settled in New-burg and en- 
gaged in farming and ship building. He married Lu- 
cinda R. Eaton and has two children: Flora E. and Ad- 
die R. 

Eleazer K. Davis was born at Jackson, Waldo county, 
Maine, February 20, 18 12. In 1866 he moved to the 
farm he now owns and occupies. His early life 
was filled with the toils and difficulties invaiiably 
found in a new country. His education was confined to 
a few short weeks in each winter for a few years, when he 
learned the trade of clothier and wool carding, and after 
that the carpenter trade. He was niarried February 13, 
1839, to Jerusha House, of Dixmont, and had six chil- 
dren: Louisiana M., niarried James F. Ruggles; .Martha 
J., married Daniel Pillsbury; Francis C., died in infancy ; 
William D., lives at home. While living in Jackson Mr. 
Davis was elected Collector and Constable. 

Charles Rigby was born at Newcastle, Maine, Decem- 
ber 19, 1803. He is a son of James Rigby, who emi- 
grated from England in an early day, and when ten veais 
of age went to Palermo. He married and commenced 
house-keeping in Albion, and in 1S41 removed to New- 
burg, where he is now living, engaged in carriage making 
and farming. In November, 1S37, he was ordained as a 
Christian minister, and has since preached on Sundays. 
November i, 1821, he married Mahala Perkins, and had 
two children: Martha A., deceased, and Josiali P., born 
April ir, 1834, remains at home. Mr. Rigby was elected 
Representative in the State Legislature in 1862, and 
served one term. 

Josiah P. Rigby was born in .\U)ion, Kennebec county, 
Maine, and moved to Newburg when a small boy, where 
he' received a common school education, and com- 
menced to work in a carriage shop with his father, mak- 
ing that his business till 1S72. In 1872 he went to New- 
port and engaged in a general clothing manufactory and 
mercantile business, in the firm known as Knowlton & 
■Rigby, for two years. Since that time he has been 
engaged in farming. He has been Selectman for twelve 
years, and was elected Representative in 1878. Mr. 



430 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Rigby is leader of the South Newburg band, a very fine 
organization started by Mr. Rigby two years ago, which 
is liberally patronized by the public i-n general. He mar- 
ried Ruth A. Fairb.inks, of Dixmont, the 27th of May, 
1856, by whom one child, Frank J., was born May 24, 
1862. Frank J., the only child of Josiah Rigby, is a 
young man of more than ordinary musical ability, play- 
ing E clarinet in Newburg band. He is now receiving 
a musical education at Kent Hill Seminary. 

Marcellus Tinney was born August 3, 1842, in New- 
burg. He is the eighth son of David and Saloma Tin- 
nev, natives of Penobscot county- After leaving school 
he went to sea in a merchantman, under Captain John 
Short, and was gone two years, visiting Ireland, England, 
Alexandria, Egypt, Constantinople, Turkey, Odessa, 
and Russia ; was anchored in the Black Sea, on the coast 
of Russisi, two months; came back to Ireland and took 
passage to tliis country in the steamer City of Dublin, 
and afterward settled on a farm in Newburg for eight 
years, after which he followed the occupation of black- 
smithing for the European & Nortli American Railroad 
Company. Was married, October 29, 1872, to Frances 
Fisk, by whom one child was born, Francis. Both 
mother and child are now deceased. He came back to 
Newburg and followed farn)ing till four months ago, 
when he took charge of the Rising Star. In November 
19, 1873, he was married again to Eliza Doble, of La- 
grange, daughter of William Doble, by whom two chil- 
dren were born, viz: Frank W., born August 23, 1874, 
now living at liome Ida M., born June 13, 1879, living 
at home. 

R. B. Thomas was born July 14, 1.S23, in the town of 
Newburg. He is the fourth son of James Thomas, one 
of the earliest settlers of Newburg, whose occupation, was 
fanning. He was a recruit in the War of [812; was 
Town Agent, also one of the first selectmen, overseers of 
the poor, and assessors. R. B. Thomas received a corn- 
man school education -in his early days, and afterwards 
followed farming and ship-carpentering. He has been 
Selectman, Assessor, and Overseer of the Poor for one 
term. He was married January 12, 1855, to Sarah 
Leavitt, of Newburg, daughter of G. B. and Sally B. 
Leavitt, one of the oldest ladies now living in Newburg, 
her family being also one of the early settlers of the town. 
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have one child, Sabine F., born 
April I, 1857; married Ada J. Malley, of Newburg, now 
deceased; is now living at home occupied on the farm 
with his father. 

I ,'Geoige Sweetser \yas born in Newburg July 19, 1836. 
He is a son of Jonathan Sweetser, born in the same town, 
and married Lydia Haley in 1830. The father of Jona- 
athan Sweetser was one of the earliest settlers in the town. 
Jonathan and Lydia Sweetser had two children: Charles, 
married Myra Marccs and lives in Minnesota ; George, 
married Ellen Elliott, of Idaho, May 9, 1863, and died 
in Newburg, August 7, 1880. George Sweetser obtained 
a common school education, and when a young man en- 
gaged in trading with the Indians in the Red River coun- 
try, and afterwards spent six years in the mines. On 
th.iir return they were attacked by Indians, and burned 



their wagons. After his return to Newburg he was 
elected to the Legislature and served one term. He, 
with others, took the first quartz-mill across the plains to id 
Idaho. 

(]eorge Hill was born in South Berwick, March 5, 
1800. His father, James Hill, was also born in tne 
same town. His wife was Alice Ferguson, and their 
family consisted of George, Eliza, Mary Jane, Nathaniel, 
Sarah Ann, and Eunice. George Hill settled in the 
town in the year 1827. On the 27th of May of the same 
year he married Harriet F. Jennison, daughter of Eben- 
ezer Jennison, of Di.xmont, by whom he had ten 
children: George, Jr., and Sarah (twins; the former 
deceased. Sarah married Samuel Smith, and lives in 
Easton. George J., deceased; Henry W., deceased; 
John J., married Frances E. Knowles, of Newburg, and 
has three children'; John J. was a soldier three years, 
and since his return has been Selectman several terms 
Eben J. married Bertha L. Lipseble ; he also served in 
the late war, and was wounded. Edward K. and F. 0. 
J. S. (twins) were also in the war, and are both phy- 
sicians. The former married Georgie F. Speake, and is 
practicing in Washington, District of Columbia ; he 
served as assistant surgeon of the Fourth Massachusetts 
Cavalry. F. O. J. S. married Lizzie Hill, of I^ewburg, 
and is now engaged in practice in that town. Harriet 
F. Hill lives at home with her parents. Helena M., 
married Mark H. Siprelle, of Monticello. 

John Dearborn, son of Jacob and Nancy Dearborn, 
was born May 12, 1850. Since becoming twenty-three 
years of age he has been engaged in cheese-making, 
superintending the South Newburg Cheese Factory for 
six years past. He has also been -engaged in mercantile 
business the past two years. He married Seville Kimball, 
daughter of James and Elizabeth Kimball, of Cartnel, 
and lias one child. Hall C. 

John Whitney, at the age of twelve, came to Newburg 
with his father, Amos Whitney, and settled on the place 
now owned by Allen Newcoinb, living there si.\<y years. 
Amos Whitney died soon after settling in the town. 
John Whitney lived on the farm with his father in early 
life. He received a common school education, and 
taught school several winiers. He was in the battle of 
Hampden under General Blake and Captain Bickford. 
He was Selectman for many years, as .well as Town 
Agent, Superintending School Committee, Treasurer, and 
was one of the prominent men of the town. He died at 
the age of eighty-seven. He married Betsey Fairbanks, 
by whom he had a large family of children: Calvin H., 
Mary Jane, John, Susan Elizabeth, John F., Nancy A., 
George W., Charles Henry, Warren L., .^nna A., all liv- 
ing but one. C. H. Whitney was born November 22, 
1814, in Newburg. After receiving an academical and 
classical education he taught school several years very 
successfully in town and high schools. He afterward en- 
gaged in mercantile business for fifteen years, since which 
time he has devoted his attention to farming. He was 
Representative to the State Legislature one terra, and 
has held nearly all the town offices; he is now serving as 
Postmaster. He married Rebecca C. Steward, of St. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK 



431 



Albans, by whom he has six children; Charles A., bom 
January 17, 1851, married Martha Merrill, of Brownville, 
and now. lives in that place; Olive Elizabeth, born Feb- 
ruary 7, 1853, is the wife of Arthur Merrill, of Brown- 
ville; John R., born January 20, 1855, now living in 
Massachusetts; L. Jennie, born March 31, 1S59; Re- 
becca C, born January 3, 1S65; Calvin Lincoln, born 
February 14, 1867. The last three are living at home. 
He has always been deejily interested in the cause of ed- 
ucation, in every way doing all he_ can to benefit the 
schools of the town. He has been Postmaster for about 
thirty years, and is enjoying well deserved comfort, sur- 
rounded by a fine family. 

Charles Croxford came to the county with his father 
in an early day. His father, Ezekiel Croxford, served 
for a time in the War of 1812. He had a family of 
eleven children. Charles settled in this township in 
1829, and married Nancy B. Moss, October 14, 1849, 
who bore three children: .\rthur R, married Julia M. 
Sylvester, and is engaged in mercantile business in New- 
burg; Selma J., deceased ; Emily, deceased. Mrs. Crox- 
ford was a daughter of James and Frances Moss, who 
came from England to this countr}'. 

.•\rthur R. Croxford was born December 30, 1850, in 
Newburg. He is now' engaged in mercantile business, 
buying wool, etc., also dealing in stock. He married 
Julia Sylvester, who was born September 5, 1S50. They 
have one child, E. Josie, born January 20, 1877. 

William Sawyer was born in Gorham, Cumberland 
county, November 13, 1797. He came with his father, 
Thomas Sawyer, to Hampden when a mere child. 
Thomas Sawyer was a seafaring man, and is supposed to 
have been lost at sea. \\'illiam Sawyer came to Newburg 
in 1835, and settled where he now lives with his son. He 
married Eliza Hewes, of Hermon, in 1S19, and had six 
children: Thomas, deceased; twins, died unnamed; Eliz- 
abeth ; Sylvester H., born in 1829, lives in Rockland; 
William, Jr., born in December, 1S28, and lives in Hamp- 
den. Mr. Sawyer lost his first wife in 1829, and in 1831 
he married Jane Miller, by whom nine children were 
born: Eliza J. married Ray Cooper, lives in Hampden. 
Elizabeth A. married Job Collett and lives in Bangor. 
Ruth M. married Lyman Miller and lives in Newburg. 
Henrietta lives in Lawrence, Massachusetts. John and 
Lusetta (twins), the latter living with her sister at Law- 
rence. Charles T., deceased. John Sawyer was a ser- 
geant in Company K, Second Maine, two years, and then 
enlisted in Hancock's Veteran Corps. Was three times 
wounded. Since his return he has held several town 
offices. He married Elizabeth Fernald, daughter of 
Frederick and Betsey Fernald, of Shapleigh, November 
19, 1874. 

Mark Folsom is a son of Mark Folsom, who settled in 
Dixmont at an early day, and married Polly Staples, by 
whom he had eighteen children. ALirk Folsom, jr., was 
born December 15, 1808. W'hen he reached his major- 
ity he came to Newburg and settled on the place now- 
owned by him. He served as Major in the early militia 
service of the State ; was elected Representative in the 
Legislature in 1S73, and has also held the ofifices of Col- 



lector and Constable seven years. He married Sarah 
Monill in 1S31, andhad a family of eight children — 
Hannah C, Sarah H., ^Villiam Franklin, .Mark i\L, Al- 
bion P., Charlotte A., Gorham A., Louisa F. Mrs. Fol- 
som died in October, 1872, and he married Abigail Tib- 
betts, of Newburg. Gorham A. Folsom was shot at Wel- 
don Railroad, and taken to Libby Prison, where he died. 
Mark ^L Folsom enlisted as private, was promoted to 
captain, and served three years. Since the war he has 
been made Major in the State militia. 

}il. C. Chapman is a son of William Chapman, of New- 
burg, who settled on the farm now occupied by Josiah 
Rigby. He married Eliza Morrill, of Newburg, by whom 
thirteen children were born — Augustus, Thomas, Alfred, 
Elizabeth, Charles, Henry, Hannah, Augustus P., 
Adolphus J., Martha, Milton, Horace, and Abbie, nine 
of whom are living. He was a captain of militia. ^L 
C. Chapman was born June 16, 1841, in Newburg, At 
the age of twenty he enlisted in the First Maine Cavalry, 
Company A, and served three years; was corporal and 
afterwards raised to sergeant; was taken prisoner at 
Banks's retreat. On his return he married Rosina New- 
comb, of Newburg, only child of David and Betsy New- 
comb. Two children were born by this marriage — 
Clarence C. and Henry ^L 

John Bartlett was born in Kittery, York county, RLaine; 
and immigrated here at about twenty years of age. He 
died on the place now owned by Enoch Bartlett at about 
the age of forty. He married Hannah Perry, of Phipps- 
burg, by whom nine children were born, viz: Joseph, 
Lydia, Eveline, Rufus, John, Hannah, John, Fidelia, 
Franklin, and Nancy, five of whom are living. 

Joseph Bartlett is the oldest son of John Bartlett. In 
January, 1S43, he married Hannah Ricker, of Monroe, 
daughter of Reuben and Nancy Ricker. To Mr. and 
Mrs. Bartlett five children were born — Rufus, married Me- 
lissa Sweetser, of Newburg, now living at Hermon Cen- 
tre ; Martha A., married Lincoln Morrill, now living in 
Newburg; Charles I., married Clara E. Malley, of New- 
burg, now living in Newburg; A\'illiam, married Etta 
Goodrich, of Newburg, now living at home with his 
' father; Friendly, born in Newburg August 9, 1861, died 

April 19, 1864. 
j Allen Newcomb is a son of Hezekiah Newcomb, who 
emigrated from Cape Cod and settled in Newburg. He 
was in the war of i8r2 and at the battle of Hampden. 
He married Rachel Brown, of Cape Cod, daughter of 
David Brown, by whom eight children were born : Ben- 
jamin, Doane, Sally, Washburn, David, Stillman, Allen, 
Hezekiah. Allen Newcomb was born in Newburg August 
6, 18 1 6. He married, at the age of twenty-six, Olive 
Mitchel, of Newburg, by whom two children were born- 
Augustus A., born in 1846, married Elizabeth Neally, of 
Newburg, and now living in Newburg; and Addie V,, 
born in 1848, married William Dally, of Bangor, now 
deceased. Mrs. Newcomb died in i860. Mr. New- 
comb married for his second wife, in 1866, Lizzie A. 
Cook, of Plymouth, daughter of David W. Cook. Mrs. 
Lizzie Newcomb commenced teaching when but fourteen 
years of age, teaching thirty-three schools and following 



432 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, 



it closely for fifteen years. She commanded the highest 
wages then paid for teachin;;. The result of this mar- 
riage has been two children — little giils, both of whom 
died in infancy. 

Horace Bickford is a son of Captain Ichabod Bick- 
ford, who emigrated from Parson field in an early da)'. 
He was one of the earliest settlers of the town of New- 
burg, and settled on the place now owned by T. 
C. Mudgett; afterwards settling on the place now oc- 
cupied bv liis son Horace, where he died, at the age of 
seventy-five. He was a Captain of the militia of New- 
burg and was engaged in the War of 1812, and was at 
the battle of Hampden. Mr. Bickford did much towards 
making the town of Newburg what it is, being a hard- 
working man. He married Betsy Pearl, of Limerick, by 
whom nine children were born: Sally P., George L., 
James T., Nancy B., John S., Caroline A., Horace P., 
Rufus, and Marcus L. Horace Bickford was born 
January 15, 1823, in the town of Newburg. He has 
been Representative to the Legislature; also one of the 
Selectmen, Town Agent, and Auditor for a number of 
years. He married January iS, 1S48, Lydia A. Bussey, 
daughter of Otis I. and Eliza Bussey, of Newburg. By 
this marriage one child was born — Leroy M., born 
November 9, 1848, now living in Boston, engaged in 
mercantile business with his uncle. He is a graduate of 
the English High School, of Boston. 

James Monison is the only son of James Morrison, 
Sr., who was born in Parsonfield, York county, Maine, 
and emigrated to the town of Newburg in 1806, settling 
on and clearing up the place now owned by his son. In 
the second year he built on his farm a house and then 
moved his family to this town. He and James Bickford 
cleared off fifty acres of land and planted it to corn, 
with two men hired by them harvesting the crop. Mr. 
Morrison was one of the first settlers on the middle road. 
He married Nancy Hilton, of Paisonfield, daughter of 
Dudley Hilton, by whom two children were b )rn — 
Nancy and James. James Morrison, Sr., was a son of 
James Morrison, of Parsonfield, who served three years 
in the Revolutionary war, as a piivate. He was at Sara- 
toga, and helped capture Burgoync. James Morrison 
is now living on the place settled by his father. He mar- 
ried Caroline Elizabeth Brown, of Newburg, daughter of 
Daniel and Elizabeth Brown. By this marriage six chil- 
dren were bom: Nancy E., Daniel A., Henrietta, Em- 
ma, and Arthur. All of his children died of diphtheria 
in one year. 

Eben Fall was born April 5, 1823, in Pittsfield. He 
is a son of Eben Fall, of Pittsfield, who emigrated to 
Penobscot county, and settled at Orono in 1831, where 
he died in 1876. He married Elizabeth Jacobs, of 
Wells, by whom nine children were born — Betsey, Han- 
nah, Ph(ebe, Lucy, James, Mary, Eben, Martha, and 
John, eight of whom are living. Eben Fall, Jr., son of 
Eben, Sr., settled in Newburg in 1857, on the place now 
occupied by him. He married Julia Ellen Curtis, of 
Newburg, daughter of Ebenezer Curtis, by whom three 
children were born — Anna A., living at Lawrence; Cora 
E., deceased; O^car H., now living with his father. 



C. A. Staples was born June 28, 1852, at Winterport, 
Waldo county, Maine. He is a son of James and Lucy 
Staples, of Winterport, a seafaring man, who married in 
181 7, and had five children — Abbie, Josiah, Charles A., 
Lizzie E., and Martha A. C. A. Staples received an 
academic course at Hampden Academy, and has been 
occupied in teaching, milling, and farming, having taught 
twenty-three schools. Mr. Staples was a successful 
teacher. Has been Superintending School Coniniiitee 
four years. Mr. Staples has been engaged in the mer- 
cantile business in the town of Newburg two years. He 
was married August 20, 1868, to Abbie E. Goodell, 
daughter of William and Sarah Goodell, of Hampden, 
by whom one child was born, Josiah J., born March 4, 
1871. 

Levi Mudgett emigrated from Gilmanton, New 
Hampshire, in 1799, and settled on the farm now occu- 
pied by Simon E. Mudgett, his son. Mr. Mudgett was 
one of the first settlers in the town of Newburg, clearing 
up most of the farm and building the house now on 
the place. He was in the War of 181 2, at Castine; 
served in Captain Chamberlain's company six months. 
He married Martha Riker, of Monroe, by whom seven 
children were born, all of whom are living — Levi, born 
July 12, 1820, living with his brother Simon; Benjamin 
F., born July ii, 1822, now living in New York, has 
been in the custom house eight or ten years. He and 
Jackson took the contract for running the Government 
stores under President Grant four years; is a lawver by 
profession, now in practice in the city of New York. 
Simon E., born July 29, 1824; Albert G., born Decem- 
ber 9, 1826; married Cordelia Peikins, of Hermon, now 
in Waterville, Kansas; has been Judge of Policy Court 
six years; enlisted as private in the late war, and raised 
to Captain in the Eleventh Regiment, Company G, 
Maine Volunteers. He served four years; was taken 
prisoner three times ; was in nearly all of the prisons; run- 
ning away at one time was captured by blood hounds 
would have escajied had it not been for a snow fall, by 
which they were tracked and captured, traveling at night 
and fed by the negroes. Mary E., born April 6, 1829, 
married Zeba Aver, of Freeport, Maine, now living at 
that place; Martha A., born November 25, 1832, married 
G. P. Leviatt, now living in Newburg; William P., born 
January 23, 1S42, now living in Waterville, Kansas; was 
in the hue war; was Lieutenant in the Eleventh Regi- 
ment; was taken sick, was discharged; was a graduate of 
Brunswick College, also a graduate of Brooklyn Law 
College. Simon E., third son of Levi Mudgett, was 
born in Newburg. He was in the mercantile business 
fifteen years, also deputy Sheriff in Hampden, Maine; 
he was also in the mercantile business seven years at 
Dubuque. Mr. Mudgett was yery successful in busi- 
ness in the early part of his life, starting in busimsi 
without any assistance, and accumulating $io,o3o before 
the age of thirty, but was not so successful in the West, 
losing heavily. He afterwards came back to the old 
homestead, and commenced at the bottom of the ladder 
again. By industry he has again accumulaied an inde- 
pendence. He married .Julia A. Whitney, daughter of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



433 



Isaac Whitney, of Newburg, who died seven years after 
marriage. To them one child was born, Sarah J., born 
fuly 5, 1852, married Joseph J. Humphrey, of Bangor, 
now living with his father. .Mr. Mudgett was married 
February 17, 1859, to Adaline Cole, daughter of Nathan 
and Abbie Cole, of Winterport, by whom six children 
were born, viz: Lizzie E., deceased; Edward E., now 
living in Minnesota; Charles F., born October 9, 1863, 
Walter G., born Seotember 29, 186S, Flora G., born De- 
cember 22, 1873, Addie M., born March 13, 1876, live 
at home. 

Jacob Dearborn settled in Newburg in 1786, on the 
|)lace now occupied by his son, Isaac Dearborn, where he 
died at the age of eighty-four years. He was a soldier 
in the War of 1812, and took part in the battle of Hamp- 
den, under General Blake. He married Hannah Whit- 
ney, daughter of Daniel U'hitney, by whom he had thir- 
teen children: Lucinda, deceased; Joanna, married 
Lemuel Rich, of Exeter ; Warren L., married Eva Bras- 
ford and lives in Newburg ; Anna, now lives at home ; 
Isaac, born February 6, 1S12, married Noma Brown, of 
Leeds, and resides on the old homestead -in Newburg ; 
Nancy, married William Leonard and lives m Newburg ; 
Lydia, deceased ; ^L'^rguerite, married Chauncey Spauld- 
ing, of Frankfort; Cynthia, mairied James Luce, of 
Newburg ; Jacob, married Nancy Newcomb, and is dead ; 
John, married Sarah J. Chase and lives in Newburg ; 
Mary A., married Cyrus Chase, of Winterport ; Elias, is 
in the \\'est. 

Daniel Smith emigrated to this county in an early day 
with his father, Jeremiah Smith, and settled on the farm 
now owned by Widow Brown. He was one of the very 
first settlers of the town, having to go miles on horse- 
back to mill through the woods, no roads being laid out. 
He was in the War of 1812, at the battle of Hampden. 
His wife was a hard-working woman, spinning and weav- 
ing the clothes for her family. At the time of the battle 
of Hampden she had got her cloth finished ; had taken 
it to Hampden for finishing, when it w-as destroyed by 
the English. Daniel Sniith was Representative lo Port- 
land, one of the first Representatives of the county. 
While gone from home his wife and children carded, 
wove, and spun thirty yards of cloth. He was also Town 
Clerk for many years, has been Representative to Augus- 
ta several terms, and was First Selectman, filling all of the 
important town offices. He married Temperance Lewis, 
of Cape Cod, by whom ten children were born : Mary 
A., Ruth, Joseph and Daniel (twins), Sally, Jeremiah, 
Elbridge, Sally (second). .\sa, Mary Ann (second). Jo- 
seph Smith was born September 15, 1814, in Newburg. 
He helped build the ^'eazie mills and dams, working in 
mills twenty-four years. He went to Minnesota to build 
a mill for Gushing, and went to Canada East repairing 
his mills. He has held minor town offices. November 
2, 1837, he married Mary Benson, daughter of Joseph 
and Mary Benson. She was born December 3, r8i6. 
To them six children were born : Edwin, born February 
27, 1840, married Lizzetta A. Young, of Winterport, and 
has one child ; Charles F., was engaged in the mills until 
the war broke out, when he enlisted, August 17, 1861, in 
55 



Company C, Seventh Maine Regiment, under Captain 
Gilmore, and was raised to sergeant. He served two 
years, was sick and discharged: was drafted afterward 
and served two years under Captain Parsons, Company 
B, Nineteenth Maine Regiment ; was in all of the en- 
gagements with his company ; was wounded at the battle 
of the Wilderness, losing a finger, disabling his hand 
badly. He was in twenty-nine battles, one of which was 
the seven days' battle of the Wilderness, at Gettysburg, 
Spottsylvania, etc. Since the war he has learned the 
machinist's trade. He has been for the past year on the 
farm with his father. Milton, born March 5, 1842 ; died 
May I, 1862 ; was in the late war, a member of Com- 
pany K, Eighth Regiment of Maine Volunteers, under 
Captain I. Conant, and died of typhoid fever on Tybee 
Island, South Carolina ; was at the capture of Port 
Royal. Rosina, born October 16, 1844, died September 
30, 1846; Joseph A., born March 21, 1848, married 
Ernma D. Averill, of Fort Fairfield, and is now living at 
Dixmont ; Flora E., born June 15, 1856, married T. D. 
Clemens, of Winterport, now living at that place; Frank 
A., horn August 5, 1859, died July 16, 1864. 

Solomon Foster is the second son of David and Emily 
Foster. He has been in the mercantile business since he 
became of age. He is postmaster. He married Florilla 
H. Bickford, daughter of Isaac Bickford, of Newburg ; 
has one adopted child, Russell Morris Foster, born No- 
vember 20, 1878. Mr. Foster had the misfortune to lose 
one of his limbs. 

David A. Foster emigrated from Montville, Maine, to 
the town of Newburg in an early day. He settled on 
the place now occupied by his son, clearing it up from 
its natural state. He was one of the old pioneers who 
suffered the privations that the early settlers were subject 
to. He was in the War of 181 2 at the battle of Hamp- 
den. He married Emily Newcomb, daughter of Solo- 
mon Newcomb, of Newburg, by whom seven children 
were born — Charles, Sarah, Solomon, Hannah, Helen, 
Allen, and Emma, six of whom are living. Mr. Foster 
gave his children as good an education as could be had 
in those days. 

Benjamin Porter was born in Oxford county, Den- 
mark, November 14, 1792, whence he emigrated to 
this country and settled in Hampden on the place now- 
occupied by George Neally. He was in the War of 
181 2; was Lieutenant and Captain; was at the battle of 
Hampden. He married Nancy Wiley, of Hampden, by 
whom three children were born — Mary, Julia A., and 
.Abigail. The mother died in 1S19, and Mr. Porter 
married for his second wife Polly Gillman March 20, 
1820, by whom thirteen children were born — Benjamin, 
Jr., Ruth, Asa, Susan T., Andrew J., Sarah F., Lucinda 
M., Louisa G., Alphonzo, Matilda M., Melissa L., Horace 
B. Dudley G. was born in Hampden August 30, 1848, 
on the old homestead. He received a common school 
education, and at the age of seventeen enlisted in the 
navy under Admiral Porter; served ten and a half 
months; was at the bombardment of Fort Fisher. .After 
coming home and staying two years he took a trip to 
California, and was engaged in mining nearly eight years. 



434 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



After coming home he settled on the place now owned 
by him. He married Dora Plummer, of Monroe, daugh- 
ter of Sulivan and Sybil Plummer, descendants of Gen- 
eral Putnam, of Revolutionary fame. By this marriage 
one child was born — Alma Ella, born September 5, 1S79, 
now living at home. 

John Piper, a son of Daniel Piper, was born in New- 
burg, and always lived in the town. He received a com- 
mon school education and lived with his father until 
twenty-one years of age. His occupation was carriage- 
making. He married Elizabeth Packard, daughter of 
Lebbeus and Ann Packard, of Dixmont, by whom one 
children was born — Elisha Frank, born May 13, 1848, 
and married Edith Snow, of Newburg. His wife is now 
deceased, leaving four children — Mary Emma, born Sep- 
tember 18, 1872; Walter, born October 17, 1874; John 
H., born October 20, 1876; Earl Chester, born Decem- 
ber 30, iSSo. They are all living with their grandfather. , 

Elisha Piper is a son of Daniel and Annie Piper, of 
Parsonfield, York county, Maine, who settled in New- 
burg in 1799 on the place now occupied by AVidow Bart- 
lett, clearing and improving the place, which was a wild- 
erness when he bought it. He was in the War of i8r2 
at the battle of Hampden, under Captain Bickford. He 
married Annie Parsons, of Parsonfield, by whom thir- 
teen children were born — Thomas P., D.miel, Benjamin, 
Elisah, Hannah, Abigail, Enoch, Daniel, Simeon C, in- 
fant, Alpheus F., John N., and David M. Elisha Piper 
was boin in Newburg September i, 1S06, and received a 
common school education in the schools of Newburg. 
He worked on his father's farm until he was twenty- 
one years of age, after which he followed farming and 
working in the mill at carding and cloth-dressing. In 
1849 he settled on the place now occupied by him. In 
1831 he married Rhoda H. Bickford, daughter of Ebe- 
nezer and Susan Bickford, of Newburg, one of the 
pioneer families, by whom five children were born — 
Elisah S., born December 21, 1835, married Eliza 
Smith, of Newburg, now living at Medford, Massachu- 
setts; Enoch F., born June 28, 1838, married Ardilla 
Clark, adopted daughter of Abner Whitcomb, now living 
at Dixmont; Eunice F., born December 21, 1838, died 
December 2, 1839; Rhoda A. and Susan E. (twins), born 
January 10, 1849. Rhoda married William H. Hallis, 
of Troy, and now residing in Newburg. Susan married 
Samuel W. Bridgham, and resides in Newburg. Elisah 
S. and Enoch 'F. were in the late Rebellion. Enoch F. 
served three years, coming out without a scratch. Elisah 
S. enlisted for the full term, but was wounded and dis- 
charged after about one year's service, and is now on the 
police force at Medford, Massachusetts. Elisah was un- 



der McClellan, and was in all the engagements the 
company was engaged in. 

John B. Leviatt is a son of Gideon B. Leviatt, born 
May 10, 1793, in Parsonfield, Maine, and settling in 
Newburg in an early day, where he died October 5, 
1857. He was in the War of 181 2. He married, Octo- 
ber ii, 1821, Betsey B. Piper, by whom twe children were 
born : Gideon P. Leviatt, and Elizabeth B. After the 
death of his first wife he married, September 24, 1797, 
Sally Piper, sister of deceased, by whom twelve children 
were born, viz : Nancy, Sally A., Jessie J., Elisha F., 
Hannah, David P., William B., Judith, John B., Elisha 
F., Elma F. John B. Leviatt received a common 
school education. In early life he was occupied in lum- 
bering on the Penobscot River nearly thirteen years, 1 
after which he settled on the farm now occupied by him.J 
He married Marietta Chase, daughter of Hamilton Chasejj 
September 25, 1857, by whom eleven children were born,] 
viz: Carroll W., born April 7, i860, now living in] 
Minnesota; William A., born September 16, 1862, nowj 
away from home ; Inez A., born October 11, 1863, nowJ 
living at home ; Jennie C, born September 6, 1865,1 
married George A. Sewell, of Dixmont, now living at| 
home; her husband is in Colorado mining. Meitie A., 
born March 29, 1868, now living at home ; John E., 
born April 8, 1869, died October 7, 1869; Fred B., born 
June 30, 1870, living at home; John E., born June 6, 
1873, living at home; Susie E., born August 2, 1875, at 
home; Floyd, born May 17, 1877, died September 24, 
1877; Gideon B., born February 10, 1879, living at 
home. 

Gideon P. Leviatt was born in Newport December 3Tj 
1823. He is a son of Gideon B. and Betsey B. Leviatt. 
In early life he worked with his father until twenty-one 
years of age, on the farm, and afterwards learned the 
house-carpenter trade, working at the business about 
twenty years. Since that time he has been farming. He 
married Sally B. Thomas, daughter of James and Eliza 
Thomas, Newburg, by whom three children were bornj* 
viz: Rufus B., born October 25, 1851, is now in busi- 
ness in Boston ; Addie E., born August 21, 1852, mar- 
ried Dr. M. C. Donald, and is living in Kansas City; Clar- 
ence H., born June 21, 1858, married Mabel Mansell, 
and is now living in Newbuig. Mr. Leviatt's first wife 
died in April, 1870, and he was again married to Martha 
A. Mudgett, daughter of Levi B. Mudgett, of Newburg, 
November 24, 1870, by whom four children have been 
born, viz: Benjamin M., born August 30, 1871, died 
June 23, 1873; Sarah A., born December 14, 1S72, at 
home; George P., born January 10, 1874, at home; 
Annie M., born May 19, 1875, at home. 



NEWPORT. 



DESCRIPTIVE NOTES. 

Pushing straight westward now through the county, we 
stop at its confines, and are in another of the venerable 
towns, though not near so ancient as some others — New- 
port, which furnishes our next theme. It is fourteen and 
a half miles from Bangor, by the projection of its south 
boundary line to the northwest corner of that town ; is 
twelve miles from the north line of the county, across 
De.xter and Corinna, and a little more from the south line, 
across Di.\mont and Dexter. It is bounded on the north 
by Corinna, on the east by Stetson, on the south by Ply- 
mouth and a moderate breadth of Etna, and on the west 
by Palmyra, Somerset county. Detroit, in the same 
county, at the southwest, does not quite corner upon 
Newport, by reason of a slight jog in the county line on 
the north line of Plymouth. It is pretty nearly an even 
township of thirty-six square miles, but with some trifling 
divergence of its opposite pairs of lines from absolute 
parallelism. Its boundaries are unbroken by lakes or 
any large waters ; but great part of its surface — probably 
one-fifth, or seven to eight square miles (about 4,500 
acres) — is covered by the splendid sheet called Newport 
Pond. This lies nearly from north and south, and mainly 
in the north, south, and west central portions of the town, 
the nearest part of the main body being one and one- 
fourth miles distant from the west line. The lake is four 
and one-eighth miles in greatest length by three in great- 
est breadth, from Durham Bridge, at the mouth of Stet- 
son Stream, to the entrance of the large bay on the west, 
at whose outlet is Newport village. The pond has a shore 
line of about fifteen miles. 

The water system of Newport centres upon this pond. 
From the northeast, and from its head in Stetson Pond, 
comes in the Stetson Stream, about two-thirds of the way 
down the east side. This stream is joined by a fair-sized 
affluent from the north heading in the edge of Corinna, 
and emptying close upon the Stetson line. .-V mile from 
its mouth it too receives a small tributary from the south- 
west. Less than a mile and a half above the mouth of 
the Stetson, at another small bay, another affluent of 
about three miles' length, from the northwest and north, 
disembogues its waters." About the same distance further 
up, and less than a mile from the extreme head of the 
lake, a much larger water enters, being the joint outlet of 
the two large ponds in the south central part of Corinna. 
At a very small bay forming the extremity of the pond, a 
petty stream, heading in two branches in Corinna, is re- 
ceived. A large inlet just north of the fine bay above 
Newport village takes in two small tributaries from the 
northwest, the northernmost of which has its source in 
the Little PiUsbury Pond, near the county line. Through 



Newport village flows the most important water of all, 
that which accounts for the existence of the village at 
this particular point — the Sebasticook Stream, which en- 
ters from Somerset county, through the northwest angle 
of Plymouth, and makes a short course to the village. It 
is joined a little way out by the good-sized stream which 
is the outlet of Plymouth Pond. The junction of the 
two makes a powerful water, furnishing an admirable 
power as it drops down through the village to the pond. 
At the southern extremity of the lake, which is almost a 
pond, a small brook, rising in the edge of Plymouth, 
comes in from the south. 

Newport, next to Dexter, is the most important village 
in the county west of Bangor. It has not only the 
natural advantages of the situation, but also those afforded 
her by the junction of the Maine Central and the Dexter 
& Newport Railroads. The former traverses the entire 
south part of the town, making stations here and at East 
Newport, two-thirds of a mile from the lowest point of 
the lake. The Dexter & Newport Branch, running north 
near the west shore of the pond, has about five miles of 
track in the town, and makes one or two small stations, 
but passes no post-office on its way out. At Newport 
Junction these roads have freight, passenger, engine, and 
store.houses, and all other necessary conveniences. The 
village has also the Town House, Union and Methodist 
Episcopal churches, a Masonic Hall, a large public 
school-house, a circulating library of some five hundred 
volumes, a considerable number of mills and factories, 
and a quite extensive business quarter for a country 
village. 

At East Newport are several small railway buildings, 
two general stores, two dress-making establishments, two 
blacksmiths, and one wool-puller. School No. 7 is three- 
quarters of a mile west, near the crossing of the rail and 
wagon-roads. 

North Newport has a church, post-office, cemetery, 
and a little cluster of dwellings. It is situated somewhat 
over a mile from the north line of the town, and about as 
far from the east line, on the east and west road from 
Bangor, through East Stetson and Stetson, and across 
Newport into Palmyra. Less than half a mile from the 
county line it passes a hamlet called Wedgewood Corn- 
ers, which has no post-office as yet. Here a road crosses 
from the Newport village, running north up the town into 
the corner of Corinna. A mile above the village it sends 
off a road east toward the Pond, which angles near it to 
the north, and with a slight jog on the Bangor road west 
of School No. 9, also goes into Corinna. Another north 
and south road, entirely traversing the town, lies on the 
other side of the Pond. It comes in from the northwest 

43S 



436 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



angle of Etna, runs west of north to Durham Bridge, at 
the mouth of Stetson Stream, and thence west of 
north and north to Corinna. One-third of a mile beyond 
the bridge it sends off a branch northeast and north, 
also into Corinna, but through North Newport, running 
nearly parallel with it, and about a mile distant. 

A mile north of the railroad, near School No. lo, it 
crosses a highway from the northeast and from Stetson 
Post-office, which goes on to East Newport, and thence 
a little further, out into Plymouth. At East Newport it 
crosses a road coming from the corner of Etna, and mak- 
ing north of west of Newport village. From the village, 
and from a point southeast a mile out, two routes run 
southerly into Plymouth. The Town Farm is situated 
near the junction of the latter with the East Newport road. 

The land surface of this town is of a generally level 
character, and with good capabilities for agriculture, to 
which its people are for the most part devoted. Origin- 
ally, the farms were considerably covered with broken 
stone, mostly granite ; but when well cleared, a soil con- 
sisting chiefly of clayey loam is developed, which makes 
the strongest hay-land in the State, and as remunerative 
to the farmer as any in the county. 

There was formerly in this town an immense amount 
of valuable saw timber; but it has now been mostly cut 
off. There is still, however, abundance of wood for fuel, 
without going beyond the limits of the town. 

E.VRLIEST HISTORY. 

It is said that, at a time long gone, whereof the mem- 
ory of man runneth not to the contrary, the Eastern In- 
dians had one of their trails southwestward through this 
region, and that hereabouts they made a portage from 
the waters flowing into the Penobscot to the Sebasticook' 
Stream, by which they reached the Kennebec. From 
this fact, as one theory or tradition goes, the town ulti- 
mately received its present designation. 

The original sale of this township to the State was to 
David Green, of Boston, from whom, or whose heirs, the 
land titles of the pioneers were mostly derived. 

The official surveys in the Newport tract date from 
1792. 

EARLY SETTLEMENT. 

About the year 1800, it is thought, the first pioneer got 
in — a hunter and trapper named Houston. He made a 
small clearing on Birch Point, where he built a log shelter 
or camp. 

Four years afterwards a party of no less than sixteen 
men, all "prospectors," came across the country from 
Skowhegan, seeking a better spot for their homes. Four 
of them, named John Ireland ("Deacon Ireland"), Syl- 
vanus Whiting, Thomas Steward, and Elim Pratt, settled 
on the north side of the lake, and remained permanent 
settlers to the day of their death. It is' not known, we 
believe, where the others made their final home. 

Two other pioneers, Iphidiah Ring and Benjamin 
Shaw, came from Deerfield, New Hampshire, about the 
year i8o6, and also made permanent settlements, both 
of them near the present Newport village. Mr. Shaw 
settled on the west side of the tract, where he built the 



first frame dwelling erected in the town. This was re- 
moved from its original position in 1831 by his nephew, 
Benjamin Shaw, and is now a double tenement near the 
lake. Mr. Ring took a place on the hill northwest of the 
village. 

Soon after Messrs. Ring and Shaw, came Mr. William 
Martin, and located on the east side of the river, where 
he built a frame house and put up a saw- and grist-mill. 

The first settler definitely known to have located on 
the east side of Newport got in after the town was in- 
corporated. He was Isaac Lawrence, believed to have 
come in iSiS- Mr. Lawrence's farm was at the foot of 
Billings's Hill, and he prospered in its cultivation until 
he became one of the most thrifty proprietors in the 
town. 

Others of the early settlers were Nathaniel Burritt, 
John Whiting, Daniel Bicknell, John Ireland, and ElaraJI' 
Pratt, most of whom were from Bloomfield, Somerset 
county, in this State (a town which has now lost this 
name). They derived the titles to their lots of land, it)|l 
general, from Benjamin Shepard, a resident of Bangor. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The plantation name of this township was "Great East I 
Pond," from the large sheet of water within its bounds, | 
which seems to have borne that name. 

On the 14th of June, 1814, in the midst of the strife i 
then raging between Great Britain and the United States, 
the plantation vpas erected into a town by the name of 1 
Newport — receiving this name, accoiding to the late 
Benjamin Shaw, one of the before-mentioned pioneers, 
from the Indian portage anciently used between the tribu- 
taries of the Penobscot and the eastern branch of the 
Sebasticook. It was the 9th and last of the towns cre- 
ated in the District of Maine during this year; and the 
208th created at any time in the District. Hermon and 
Sangerville — both also then of " Hancock county, Massa- 
chusetts" — wete the towns created on the 13th of June, 
next before the birthday of Newport. 

FIRST THINGS. 

The first town meeting — rather plantation meeting — 
within the present bounds of Newport, was held in 181 2, 
in the log cabin of Mr. Robert Stewart, to devise methods 
of protection and defense against the Indians, an attack 
from whom, coming from the East, was believed to be 
threatened. 

The first town meeting after the incorporation was held 
on the 5th of September, 1814, almost three months 
after the act or resolve of incorporation was passed. 

At this meeting the first Selectmen of the town were 
chosen — Messrs. Jethro Sanborn, William Martin, and 
Samuel Hayden. 

The first male child born in the town was Cyrus Wil- 
son, who was ushered into the world about 1805. His 
later years have been spent in Orono, in a hale and hearty 
old age. 

The second male child was Almond B. Ring, son of 
the pioneer Iphidiah Ring aforesaid. He was born 
about 1S08, and remained in the township all his life, 
also surviving to extreme old age. He was, in his more 



T: 




-^A 



<^ie^c::z> 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



437 



active day, noted as aiding to build all the highways and 
bridges in the town. 

The first school was opened in the cellar kitchen of the 
house occupied by Benjamin Shaw, in 1813. Mr. Daniel 
Veasey was the teacher. The town has always had a 
good reputation in the matter of popular education. In 
1874 a new and commodious school-house was built in 
Newport village, at a cost of $6,000. Three rooms of it 
have been occupied of late years by the several grades of 
the school. 

The first store in Newport was opened and kept by 
Chandler Hopkins, near the present upper bridge, at the 
village. 

The first doctor in the town bore the singularly ajipro- 
priate appellation of Leach. Other pioneer physic'ans 
were Drs. Abijah Wright and Benjamin Wilson, the lat- 
ter of whom died in Newburg in 1849, of cholera, it be- 
ing a year of that dreadful scourge. In later times Dr. 
John Benson became a veteran in the practice, having 
steadily pursued his roun4s for the relief of suflering 
humanity for well nigh half a century. Dr. Byron Porter 
also grew gray in the medical service in Newport. 

The first person to drive a wheeled vehicle from the 
Kennebec to the Penobscot River was Mr. Caleb Shaw, 
who performed this then notable feat in 1S20. He set- 
tled in Newport, and died here in 1849. 

The first preachers in the town were Elder John York, 
the Rev. Mr. Osborne, and Rev. John Whitney. The 
churches now e.\isting here are the Methodist Episcopal 
(Rev. V. P. Wardwell, pastor in 1881), and the Christian 
or Union church, of which the Rev. Mr. Howard has 
charge. 

The Newport post-office was established about 1817. 
Mr. S. P. Judkins is postmaster here, Mr. J. H. Wey- 
mouth at East Newport, and Sylvanus Whiting at North 
Newport. 

L.-\TER NOTES. 

The Shaw House, at Newport village, was built in 
1859-60, by Benjamin Shaw, nephew of the well-known 
pioneer of that name. 

Meridian Hall, at the same place, is a fine, commodious 
building, its audience-room seating six hundred persons. 

The names of the old settler Benjamin Shaw, of Mark 
Fisher, Henry Butler, John Wilson, Jr., Jesse and Parker 
0. Prescott, William L. Walker, William Martin, Jr., and 
others, are cherished in the town as having done much 
to advance its interests. To several of these public- 
spirited citizens it is mainly indebted for the elms and 
maples lining the streets of the village, and pleasantly 
shading the hot summer days. 

Deacon Edmund Rowe, who was one of the oldest 
settlers, became a member of the Board of Selectmen in 
1832, and was Chairman of the Board for several years. 
He was a member of the State Legislature in 1862. 

Newport did its full duty by the State and Nation dur- 
ing the late civil war. The names of many of the citizens 
will be found recorded with honor in the Military Chapter 
of this book; and the following, from the Reports of the 
Adjatant-General of the State, notices at more length the 



veteran physician and surgeon of whom we have already 
spoken: 

Dr. John Benson, of Newport, \v.is first commissioned as .Surgeon in 
the Eighth Regiment, but declined. He was subsequently, January 23, 
1863. commissioned as Surgeon in the Twentieth Regiment, and occu- 
pied that position until .\ugusl 27, 1863, when, owing to ill-health, he 
was obliged to resign. That he folfilled his several and arduous duties 
promptly and efficiently is unequivocally declared in the testimonials 
of the Surgeons-in-Chief under whom he served. Lieutenant-Colonel 
GUmore, in a letter addressed to the .-\djutant-General, also spoke of 
him in the highest terms in the following language, endorsed hy Col- 
onel Chamberlain : "I wish to express to you, in behalf of the regi- 
ment and for myself, our respect for the character and appreciation of 
the services of our late Surgeon, Dr. John Benson, of Xewpo-t. His 
kindness and discriniinalion, and the unusual assiduity with which he 
applied himself to the duties of his office, rendered him exceedmgly 
useful and popular with the regiment, wliile his marked ability gave him 
at once high leputation with other surgeons of the aniiy. It is a matter 
of unusual regret that failing health rendered it necessary for him to 
leave the service." 

ST.^TISTICS OF CROWTH. 

In 1809 Great East Pond Plantation had within its 
borders the handsome number of 94 families. The next 
year, by the official census, it had a population of 178, 
with the unusually large proportion of 44 polls. In 181 2, 
however, the total valuation of estates in the town was 
reported as only $544, with a tax for certain purposes of 
but six cents on the $100. There was a surprising growth 
in both population and wealth during the decade 1810-20. 
In the latter year Newport town had 512 people, 114 
polls, and an assessed valuation of $27,650. 

In 1830 the town numbered 897 people; in 1840, 
1,138; in 1850, 1,210; in i860, 1,403; in 1870, 1,559; 
and in 1880, 1,451. It will be noticed that it has almost 
always and quite steadily increased in population until 
within the decade 1870-80, when in common with very 
nearly all parts of the county, it experienced a slight 
falling-off 

The polls in i860 numbered 335, 394 in 1870, and 
397 in 1880. 

The estates of the town in the same years, respectively, 
were valued at $250,534. $540,297 (more than twice as 
much as ten years before, a fact hardly paralleled else- 
where in the county), and $378,168. 

r)I,S.\STROUS FIRES. 

The extensive tannery of Messrs. Fisher & Souihwick, 
at that time the largest in the State, went up in confla- 
gration in March, .1847. This was a severe blow to the 
business of the town, particularly as it was not rebuilt. 

In September, 1862, Samuel Pratt's tavern and stables, 
a quite valuable property, were totally destroyed by fire. 

In 1866 several buildings at the village were burned, 
including the stores of Watson Cook, A. Hobart, and C. 
C. Oakes, the Masonic Hall, and two dwellings. There 
was no insurance upon any of these, except the [5etty sum 
of $200 on Masonic Hall. 

The valuable lumber mills of Messrs. Shaw, Tracey & 
Co., were burned to the ground in 1868. 

In July, 1877, the fine residence of W. A. Frye was 
burned, and in September of the same year the shoe fac- 
tory of Messrs. D. Dudley & Co. w\as similarly destroyed. 

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS NOTES. 

There are some excellent farms in this town, among 



438 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



I 



which are noted those of Henry Marsh, R. H. Libbey, 
Samuel J. Allen, Levi R. Burrell, and N. B. Miles. 

The Newport Cheese Manufacturing Association was 
incorporated on the 4th of February, 1874. During the 
year 1878 fifteen tons of cheese were manufactured by it. 

The Newport Park Association was incorporated 
March 4, 1874. Other public or semi-public associa- 
tions in the town, besides the religious societies, are 
the Meridian Splendor Lodge of Free and Accepted 
Masons, and the Stevens Royal Arch Chapter; the 
Orient Lodge Independent Order of Good Templars, at 
Newport village, and the Dorcas Lodge of the same at 
North Newport; and at the same place the North New- 
port Grange, No. 196, Patrons of Husbandry, and a so- 
ciety of the "C. W. T." 

The Newport Savings Bank has been one of the most 
important institutions in the town. In 1877 it reported 
deposits and profits to the amount of $111,018.44. 

The manufacturing interests of this town are quite 
large. The carriage-makers, of whom there are two, have 
a particularly good reputation; some of their work, built 
forty years ago, still running in soundness and strength. 
There are also one lumberman (who has also a grist- 
mill), one maker of burial cases, two harness-makers, one 
firm of marble-workers, one boot- and shoe-maker, five 
smiths, one machinist and smith, one wool-puller, one 
painter, one stone-cutter, two dress-makers, and twenty-four 
persons or firms in various lines of merchandizing. There 
are five resident physicians, three lawyers, one notary, 
one dentist, one auctioneer, one barber, and one livery 
stable. 

THE TOWN OFFICERS FOR l88l 

were the following-named gentlemen: O. H. Judkins, 
Putnam Wilson, W. A. Lewis, Selectmen ; F. M. Shaw, 
Town Clerk; E. R. Dow, Treasurer and Collector; Orel 
Dexter, Constable; John B. Marsh, School Supervisor; 
P. Whiting, Don A. H. Powers, J. W. Hobart, O. K. 
Rowe, Joel Richardson, Justices. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

Jesse Rowe was born in New Hampshire in 1793, 
where he was one of the first settlers of Newport, and 
came to this county as early as i8i8. He first settled 
on the farm now owned by John Nutter. He married 
Hannah Lane, a native of New Hampshire, and died in 
Newport in 1878. His wife survives him. He was the 
father of nine children: Julia A., Clymena, Rosetta, 
Paris K., HoUis J., Oliver B., Granville L., Hannah A., 
and Elizabeth. Paris K. was born in Newport in 182 1, 
where he received a common school education. He 
was brought up on a farm, and was engaged in farming 
until 1873, when he sold out bis farm, and purchased J. 
H. Weymouth's stock of goods at East Newport, and 
engaged in the mercantile business, in which business he 
is now engaged. He has held the office of Justice of 
the Peace for the past two years, and is also Assistaat 
Postmaster of East Newport. In 1854 he married 
Helen Burton, a native of Carinel. He is the father of 
two children: Mary E., wbo married J. H. Weymouth 
and lives in Newport, and Leon R., lives at home. 



James Babb was born on Cape Elizabeth in 1797, 
where he remained for several years. He married Ann J 
Morton, a native of the same place, and came to Pe- ( 
nobscot county in 1835, and settled in Corinna. He 
died in Corinna in 1839; his wife died in Corinna in ! 
1837. He was the father of eight children: William H., 
George, James, Jr., Benjamin H., Leza, Sarah E., Lydia 
E.; Bryant was drowned at Pine Stream Falls. James, 
Jr., was born in Penobscot county in 1824, where he re- 
ceived a common school education. He was brought up 
on a farm, and is now engaged in farming. In 1852 he 
married Clara A. Seavey, a native of Dedham, and is the 
father of three children : Florence H., who married 
John R. Clark, and lives in Newport; George S., lives at 
home, and Lorenzo D., lives at home. 

Moses Chick was born in Berwick, York county, 
Maine, in 1777, where he learned the carpenter and join- 
er's trade. He came to Penobscot county in 1S06 and 
settled in Di.xmont, being among the first settlers of the 
place, where he followed his trade in connection withi 
farming. He held the ofifice of Selectman and Schooj 
Agent of Di.\mont at different times. He was a soldiej 
in the War of 181 2. He was twice married, his first wife 
being Jane Ferguson, a native of Kittery. She died in 
Di.xmont in 1836, at the age of fifty-five years. She was 
the mother of ten children. His second wife was Lydia 
Wallis, who died in Dixmont about the year 1863. He 
died in Dixmont in 1851, after raising a family of ten 
cliildren — Nancy, Thatcher, Calvin, Mary J., William, 
Albert, Edwin, Sanford, Sally H., Moses W., Alvin B. 
Thatcher Chick was born in Sanford, York county, 
Maine, in 1803. When three years of age he came to 
Penobscot county with his father and settled in Dixmont,-, 
where he received a common school education. He 
learned the joiner's trade from his father, and followed 
in connection with farming for many years. In 1S79 he 
came to Newport and settled on the farm on which hej 
now lives. In 1832 he married Mary E. Furgerson, a| 
native of Dixmont, who died in Dixmont in 1854. She 
was the mother of ten children. He then married Cyn-1 
thia H. Furgerson, a native of Dixmont, and is the 
father of ten children. Albert was twice married. HisI 
first wife was Julia Baker; his second, Hester A. Reed.| 
He died in Bangor. Lydia J. lives at home. Winthrop 
H. married Nora Fuller and lives in Boston. Angelis^ 
V. married Henry M. Brown and lives in NewburgJ 
Charles W. died in Dixmont. Alvin M. enlisted in the 
First Maine Heavy Artillery, and was killed at the batJ 
tie of the Wilderness, May 19, 1864. George W. died| 
in Dixmont. Calvin lives in Kansas. Mary E. died in 
infancy. Cynthia F. married E. A. Lord, and lives in 
Boston, Massachusetts. 

Jonathan Furgerson was one of the first settlers of 
Dixmont. He was born in Kittery in 1781, and came to 
Penobscot county in 1807, where he followed farming all 
his life. He was a soldier in the War of 181 2. He 
married Mariam Furgerson, a native of Kittery, and died 
in Dixmont in 1865. His wife died in Dixmont in 
1870. They had a family of twelve children: Edmund, 
who was twice married; his first wife was Mary Bean, his 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



439 



'second Mary Lord ; he died in Dixmont. Melinda died in 
1826. Mary E. married Thatcher Cluck and died in 
Dixmont.- Lydia N. married Joseph Bassford and died 
in Bangor. Alvin T. married Mary A. Bissy and died in 
DLxmont. Abigail A. married WilHani Bean and lives in 
Hudson. Daniel G. married Nancy T. Mclntyre and 
lives in Dixmont. Hannah J. married Philo Wright and 

'lives in Pittsfield. Cynthia H. married Thatcher Chick 
and resides in Newport. Doratha H. died in infancy. 

' William Turner was born in Reedfield, Kennebec 

'County, in 1798, where he married Ann Bullion. In 
1825 he moved to Somerset county and settled in St. 
.Mbans, where he remained until 1869, when he moved 
to Penobscot county and settled on the farm now owned 
by W. W. Turner, in Newport. He died in Newport in 
1877. His wife died in Newport in 1875. He was the 
father of fourteen children, viz: Israel P., Sarah A., 
Napoleon B., Augusta, Louisa, John O., Elizabeth, Susan 

' M., Hannah M., Harriet, ^L^ry L, W. W., Gilbert L., 
one died in infanc)-. William W. Turner was born in 
St. Albans, Somerset county, Maine, in 1838, where 
he received a common school education. He also at- 
tended the Pittsfield .\cademy a short time. He learned 
the trade of miUman on Penobscot River and the shovel- 
handle trade at St. Albans. In 1863 he went to Mon- 
tana, where he engaged in mining and remained there 
nearly four years, and where lie met with excellent suc- 
cess. In 1867 he returned to St. .Albans, where he 
remained about two years, when he purchased the farm 
on which he lives in Newport, and in 1869 he became a 
resident of Penobscot county. In 1869 he married 
Clara A. Webb, of Palmyra, and is the father of three 
children, Hubert E., Lottie B., Carrie M., all of whom 
live at home. 

Walter Weymouth was born in Lisbon, Maine, in 
1 77 1, where he married Polly Labarre. He came to 
Penobscot county in 18 17 and settled in Corinna, on the 
farm now owned by Buchanan Fisher. He was one of 
the pioneers of Corinna, there being but three or four 
families there at the time of his arrival. He died at 
Reedfield in 1S37 while on his way to Minot, where he 
was buried. His wife died in Corinna in 1S47. He 
was the father of eleven children : \\'alter, Mary, James, 
Franklin, Mercy, William, Betsy, Jonathan, Daniel, 
Thomas, Olive. William was born in Lisbon in 181 5. 
He came to Penobscot county with his father when but 
two years of age and settled in Corinna, where he 
received a common school education. He married Cyn- 
thia J. Gillman, a native of New Hampshire, in 1844. 
He is the father of nine children : Susan B., who married 
George Weed and lives in Lowell, Massachusetts ; Mary 
M., married William P. Moore and died in Corinna; 
Joseph H., married Mary Roe and lives in East New- 
port; Uriah was a member of the Second Massachusetts 
Cavalry during the late war, was taken prisoner while on 
a raid to Vienna and was sent to Andersonville prison 
where he died of starvation in 1864; one died in infancy; 
Charles, died when seven years of age ; Aha, died when 
four years old; Jessa, lives at home. 

David A. Gove was born in New Hampshire, and 



came to Penobscot county as early as 1801. He was one 
of the pioneers of the county. He first settled for a 
short time in Stetson, and felled a piece of timber on the 
fiirm now owned by Porter Wiggin, which was the first 
clearing done in that part of ihe town. He went from 
Stetson to Corinth, where he married Olive Knight, and 
remained thirty years. From Corinth he went to Illinois, 
where he died. He was the first postmaster at Corinth, 
which ofifice he held for twenty-five years. He was a del- 
egate from his district to Portland, to help organize the 
then Territory of Maine into a State. After he went to 
Illinois he was appointed postmaster of Trivoli, which 
ofifice he held until his death. He was the father of sev- 
en children — Daniel, Albert, Orville, James, David, John, 
and Betsy. Daniel Gore was born in Bangor in 1804. 
When two years of age he was adopted by Daniel Mat- 
thews, one of the first settlers of Stetson, who gave him 
a common school education and with whom he remained 
until fifteen years of age, when he started out in life for 
himself When eighteen years of age he purchased the 
farm on which he now lives in Newport. During the 
days of militia he held the ofifice of captain of a com- 
pany for many years. He married Roama Blaisdell, of 
Sedgwick, in Newport, in 1825. She died in Newport in 
1866. He is the father of five children: Narcissa L., 
died young; Sarah M., who married Horace Sunnbyand 
lives on the homestead : Lucy Ann R., who married 
Erastus Staples and lives in Exeter ; Mary J., married 
Parker W. Cole and lives in Vassalboro ; Daniel, married 
Mattie E. Gore and lives in Marysville, Aroostook 
county. 

Alexander Quimby was born in New Hampshire. He 
came to Penobscot county in 1820, and settled on the 
farm now owned by Frank Hubbard, in Newport. He 
married Lovinia Pratt, a native of Bloomfield, in 1822. 
He died in Glenburn in 1839; his wife survives hiin, and 
lives in Corinna. He was the father of four children — 
Horace M., Esther A., James F., and William B. Hor- 
ace M. Quimby was born in North Newport in 1823, 
where he received a common school education. In 1847 
he married Sarah M. Gore, a native of Newport. He is 
the founder of the Newport Grange, and was its first 
Master. The grocery store now^ at North New'port was 
first established at his house, where it was kept three 
years. He is the present Treasurer of the Grange. He 
was also Overseer of the Town Farm at Newport for three 
years, the duties of which ofifice he discharged to the 
satisfaction of all parties concerned. He traveled exten- 
sively through the Western States in 1857, and pre- 
empted a tract of land m the Territory of Minnesota. 
He is the father of two children: Alistor H., who is at 
Colorado Springs engaged in the manufacture of brick; 
Ella A., married Stillman J. Ridlon and lives at home. 

Colonel James Pattin was born in 1751, in Brunswick, 
Maine. He married Hannah Floyd, a native of Surry. 
He came to Penobscot county in 1804, and settled in 
Stetson; he was the fourth settler in the town. He pur- 
chased his farm of Major Stetson. While in Surry he 
was Colonel of a regiment of militia. He died in Stet- 
son in 1826. He was the father of ten children — Susan, 



440 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



who married Wilbury H. Sweet; Mary, Sarah, Hannah, 
Martha, Jane, James, Matthew, David, Mary, Rhoda. 

James Pattin was born in Surry in 1793. He came 
to Penobscot county with his father, and settled on the 
same farm. He came to Newport about 1825, and set- 
tled on the farm now owned by James Pattin. He mar- 
ried Chioe Chadwick, a native of China, Maine, and he 
died in Newport in 1833. He was the father of seven 
children — John F., James, Nancy, Albert, Priscilla A., 
Eliza A., Elmira. James Patten, Jr., was born in Stetson 
in ]8i8. He came to Newport with his father when 
quite young. He married Priscilla Burrill, a native of 
Corinna; she had one child, and died in Newport in 
1870. He then married Phcebe A. Clark, a native of 
Corinna, and is the father of one child, Lucy J., who 
married Calvin Gray and lives in Newport. John F. 
was married three times — his first wife was Mary A. 
Pattin, who lived but a short time; his second wife was 
Lucy Burrill, and his third wife was Dorcas \V. Gillmer. 
He died in Newport. 

Lawson G. Ireland was born in Newport in 1829, In 
1846 he left home and went to the Bosquire Academy, 
in New Hampshire, where he studied a short time, when 
he returned to Newport. In L848 he traveled through 
Pennsylvania and Ohio, when he again returned to New- 
port, where he engaged in the mercantile business. In 
i85i-he sold out his business and again started West. 
He again returned to Newport where he remained but 
three days, when he joined a party that was organized to 
go to California. In 1852, on account of the ill-health 
of his brother, he returned to his native jjlace, where he 
remained two years. In 1854 he went to Bangor, where 
he followed the carpenter's trade, in which he was en- 
gaged about five years, when he removed to Amerest, and 
there remained until 1861, when he enlisted in Company 
E, Eleventh Maine Regiment of Volunteeers, and was 
mustered in as Orderly Sergeant of the company. 
In the winter of 1862, for meritorious conduct, he was 
promoted to Second Lieutenant, and during the Penin- 
sular campaign he had command of the company. In 
July, T862, on account of ill-health, he resigned his com- 
mission and returned home, where he remained two 
years. In 1864 he went to Clayton county, Iowa, where 
he engaged in the furniture business and also studied 
law, and in i86g was admitted to the Bar and com- 
menced the practice of law. In 1S68 he held the office 
of Justice of the Peace of Monora. He continued the 
practice of law in Iowa until the winter of 1881, when 
he went to Florida and purchased property in the town of 
Welaka, where he makes his home during the winter. 
He has held the office of Mayor of Sibley, Clerk of 
District and Circuit Court of Osceola county. President 
of the County Agricultural Society, Director of the State 
Horticultural Society, and Secretary of School Boards for 
many years. He takes a deep interest in agricultural, 
horticultural, and educational matters. In 1854 he mar- 
ried Annie L. Kenniston, a native of Bradford, and is 
the father of three children, viz: Clarence C, who died 
in Newport in 1857; Annie C, lives with her parents; 
and Fanny M., lives with her parents. 



Daniel Ireland was born in Bloomfield in 1790. Kil 
the age of sixteen he came to Penobscot county with hisi 
father and settled on the farm now owned by Frank Ire-i 
land m Newport. He married Hannah Carl, of Ply^l 
mouth. He built the first dam and mill at Corinna in'| 
company with Joseph Ireland, his uncle. He remain^i 
in the mill business but two years, when he sold out tol| 
the Moore Brothers and returned to farming. He waslj 
the first man in his neighborhood to take hold of the] 
temperance society in Newport. He died in Newport ijn] 
1877. . His wife died in Newport in 1869. He was the] 
father of fifteen children, two of whom died in infancy — 9 
Fannie S., Osbert A., Daniel E., John B., Hannah, Sarah I 
P., EUvina, Addison O., Lawson, Lawson G., Sarah E., 
Francis M., Ovando W. In politics he was a Jacksonian 
Democrat until the organization of the Republican parly,* 
when he became a Republican. Francis M. was born inj 
North Newport in 1834, where»he receivtd a commoij 
school education. He also attended school at St. Alban 
-a short tune. He learned the carpenter trade of B. 
Cutter, of Bangor, and followed his trade about si| 
years in Bangor, but gave it up in 1858 and returned t| 
Newport and settled on a farm. He has held the office 3 
of Selectman of Newport four years, and has been one| 
of the School Committee nine years, and Road Commis->| 
sioner one year. In 1S54 he married .\manda J. Whit- 
ing, and is the father of one child — Charles F., who.i) 
mar-ried Olive J. Varney and lives in Pittsfield, Maine,; 
engaged-iathe mercantile business Tl^e Newport Grange, 'I 
located at N'orth Newport, was organized in 1874. 1% 
first Master was H. M. Quimby; Philander Whiting, Sed 
retary; Stephen Steward, Treasurer. Its present officea 
are F. S. Shepardson, Master; F. M. Ireland, Secretarj 
H. M. Quimby, Treasurer. In March, 1876, they openei 
a supply store at the residence of H. L. Quimby, bu 
owing to an increase of business in 1880 they built th 
present store-room at North Newport and placed th 
business in charge of F. M. Ireland, under whose maij 
agement they are doing a prosperous business. The 
keep on hand a general line of goods at all times, sucl 
as is found in all well-regulated country stores. Although' 
the business is just in its infancy their sales amount tq 
between three and four thousand dollars per annum. 

Ira Shepardson was born in the town of Guilford, Vet 
mont, in 1788. When eighteen years of age he came td 
Penobscot county, and first settled in the town of ExeteB 
He was twice married, his first wife being Eunice Was! 
son, a native of Penobscot, who died in Exeter. H| 
then married Hannah B. Manson, a native of Massachu 
setts. While in Exeter he held the office of Selectman 
several years; also as superintendent of schools for tw^ 
years. In 1826 he came to Newport and settled on th^ 
farm now owned by Ira Shepardson, Jr. He was ap 
pointed the first postmaster of North Newport, which o^ 
fice he held for over twelve years. His wife died in 1864 
at the age of sixty-nine years. He died April 7, 187c 
He was the father of seven children, three of whom dieil 
in infancy — John W., Sophronia, Ira, Jr., Hannah Bi 
John W. was born in Exeter in 18 14, where he remained 
until twelve years of age, when he came to Newport with 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



441 



his father. When twenty-one years of age he entered 
into partnership with Ranney & Bickrel in the mercantile 
business at Stetson. Four years later he disposed of liis 
interest and turned Iiis attention to farming, in wliich 
business he is now engaged. He is the father of four 
children — Mary E., married Thomas Hinton, and lives in 
Newport. Laura E. was twice married; her first hus- 
band's name was Mark M. Fernald; he died in Newport; 
she then married Joseph Williams, and lives in Newport. 
John E., lives at home. Leroy, lives at home. He mar- 
ried Mary E. Bickard for his first wife; she died in New- 
port in 1S49. He then married Harriet Weston ; she 
died in 1859. In i860 he married his present wife, 
Mary Ring. 

The Shepardson family are of Welsh descent, and were 
among the first emigrants to America, coming here in 
1665. They settled in Atileboro, Massachusetts. Their 
descendants took an active part in the Revolution, the 
War of 18 1 2, and the late war, and an active part in the 
organization of our Government. 

Rev. Robert Coburn, was born in Dracut, Massachu- 
setts, in 1773, and moved with his father when a small 
boy to Bloomfield. He married Mary Parker, a native 
of Bloomfield. He came to Penobscot county in 1824, 
aifa first settled on the farm now owned by John Dodge, 
in Newport. He was a minister of the Calvinist Baptist 
denomination, and was the pioneer minister of Newport. 
He organized and htlped build the church at North New- 
port, and was pastor of the church for over forty years; 
also to organize many other churches in the surrounding 
country. He was an earnest Christian, and devoted his 
whole life to the cause of Christianity. His wife died in 
Newport at the age of seventy-two years, and he died at 
the same place at the advanced age of eighty-two, re- 
spected and mourned by all who knew him. He took a 
deep interest in political ipatters and was one of the 
first members of the Free-soil party, and clung to those 
principles until the organization of the Republican party, 
when he became a Republican. He -was the father of 
thirteen children — Sarah, Eleazer, Betsy, Mary A., Sa- 
rah, Loantha, Aaron, Naham, Samuel S., Daniel M., 
Lucy M., Fisher, and Aaron. Aaron Coburn was born 
in Bloomfield, Somerset county, in 1S20. At the age of 
three years he came to Penobscot county with his father. 
He has followed lumbering and farming all his life. In 
185 1 he went to California via the Isthmus of Panama, 
where_ he engaged in the mining and lumbering business. 
After remaining there two years he returned to his old 
home, where he has since resided. In 187S he repre- 
sented his class in the State Legislature. In politics is 
an earnest Republican, and takes an active interest in the 
prosperity of the party. He is a thorough-going farmer 
and is the possessor of one of the neatest farms in the 
town of Newport. He first married Sarah E. Brown, a 
native of Etna, who was the mother of three children; 
she died in 1864. He then married Sabra A. Priley, a 
native of Waldo county. He is the father of six children 
— Mary H., married E. L. Richardson, lives in Newport; 
Lydia A., married Wilson D. Crowell, of Corinna; John 
M., Riley, Sarah E., and Frank R., live at home. 
56 



William P. Main, born in Rochester, New Hampshire, 
came to Penobscot county at an early day, and settled 
on the farm now owned by Addison Small, in Newport. 
He was a farmer all his life. He was twice married, first 
time to Lydia Bradford, a native of St. Albans. She had 
four children, three daughters and one son, and died in 
Newport. He then married Betsy Snow, a native of 
Charleston. She had nine children, si.x daughters and 
three sons, and died in Newport. Mr. Main was a mem- 
ber of the Christian Church. He died in Newport in 
1864. His children were: Betsy, who died in Aroos- 
took county ; Lydia B., who married Moses Rose, and 
lives in Aroostook county; Jacob, who married Harriet 
Wilson, and died in Chicago, Illinois; Mary A., who 
married Joseph Beckford, and died in Aroostook county; 
David S., who died in Detroit, Maine; Bradford, who 
died in Newport; Meribah L., who lives in Newport; 
Roof S., who married Isaac Goodwin, lives in Winn; 
Hannah S., who married Hiram Rose, and lives in Illi- 
nois; Amanda M., who married Samuel Stimpson, and 
lives in Knox, Maine; Candelia C, who died in New- 
port; Eleanor, who died in Illinois; and William, who 
died in Newport. 

Putnam Wilson was born in Lyonsboro, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1 791. He married Fannie Hutchinson, a 
native of Wilton, New Hampshire, and came to Penob- 
scot county in 1S26. He was captain of a company of 
militia m the War of 1S12. He died in Newport in 1875, 
his wife died in 1864. He was the father of ten chil- 
dren — Abiah, Harriet, Putnain, Jr., Phillip, George, 
Lydia, Fannie, Joseph, Charles, Hollis B. 

Putnam Wilson, Jr., was born in AVilton, New Hamp- 
shire, in 18 1 7. At the age of ten he came to Penobscot 
county with his father, and settled on the same farm. 
Has held the office of Selectman of Newport eight years 
in succession, and holds the office at the present time. 
In 1843 he married Marribah L. Main, a native of New- 
port, and is the father of seven children — John, who mar- 
ried Marchie Lancaster, lives in Stetson ; Phillip, married 
Anna March, and lives in Newport; Flora A., married 
Robert Jenkins, and lives in Newport; Forrest A., lives 
at home; Emma, died when one year old; Emma (sec- 
ond), lives at home; Fannie H., lives at home. 

Dr. Byron Porter was born in Dixmont in 1S39. He 
studied medicine with Dr. Porter, of Dixmont, and Dr. 
McRuer, of Bangor, and was graduated at Bowdoin Med- 
ical College in 1850. He commenced the practice of 
medicine in Dixmont, where he remained two years, and 
in 1854 came to Newport, where he has been in practice 
ever since. He has held the office of Supervisor of 
Schools for fifteen years, and in 1855 and 1856 repre- 
sented his class in the State Legislature. He married 
.•\lmina B. Adams, of Dixmont, and is the lather of 
three children: Charles B., married Georgia R. Pulsifer, 
of Hancock county, and lives in Corinna, where he is 
practicing medicine; Woodbury H. Porter, is a telegraph 
operator on the Maine Central Railroad; William, lives 
at home. 

Samuel Benson was born in Middleborough, Massa- 
chusetts. He married Rebecca Hunt, a native of Mar- 



442 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



tha's Vineyard, and came to Penobscot county, first set- 
tling ill Carmel in 1798. He was a soldier and non- 
commissioned officer in the Revolutionary \\ar, and took 
part in many of the engagements. He followed the 
hotel business during the latter part of his life, and built 
the first hotel in Carmel. He was the father of twelve 
children. He died in Carmel in 184S. His children's 
names were Asa, Abisha, William, Rebecca, Susannah, 
Samuel, Permelia, Joseph, Sallie, Peleg, Elizabeth. Hon. 
John Benson was born in Carmel. March 2, 1809. He 
attended school at the China Academy for several years, 
and from there studied medicine with Dr. James H. 
Biainard in China, and received the degree of M. D. 
from Bowdoin Medical College in 1831. He com- 
menced the practice of medicine at Newport in 1S31. 
He has held neaily every olitice in the town of Newport 
at different times, and in 1S59 represented his class in 
the State Legislature, in 1S60 and 1S61 served his dis- 
trict in the State Senate, and for three years was a mem- 
ber of the County Central Committee of Penobscot. In 
1862 he was commissioned surgeon of the Eighth Maine 
Regiment, but deelined. In 1S63 he was commissioned 
as surgeon of the Twentieth iS'Iaine Regiment, but owing 
to sickness he was obliged to resign. In 1872 he was 
appointed by Governor ChambeiLiin to represent the 
Srate of Maine at the National Prison Congiess, held in 
Cincinnati. He has been twice married. His first wife's 
name was Achsa Martin, a native of Newjiort. She was 
the mother of two children, and died in Ncw|)()rt in 
1850. He then married Thersa A. Green, a native of 
Pcpperell, Massachusetts, who became the mother of three 
children, and died in 187S, in Newport. 'William R., 
died at Newport in 1865; Mary, lives at Newport ; John, 
Jr., lives at Newport; Isabella, jnarried F. E. Parkes, and 
lives at Pittsfield; Homer F., lives at Waterville, where 
he is practicing medicine. 

Hon. Elliott Walker was born in Brnokline, Vermont, 
in 1822, and prepared for college at 'I'ownsend, Vermont. 
At the age of twenty-two years he entered Colby Univer- 
sity, at Waterville, where he was graduated in 1848. He 
then went to Brandon, Vermont, where he took charge of 
the Brandon Seminary as Superintendent, and remained 
two years. While there he commenced the study of law, 
which he completed with Boutelle & Noyes, of Waterville, 
and was admitted to the Bar in November, 1S51. Tiie 
same year he came to Corinna, Penobscot county, and 
took charge of the academy, where he remained two 
years. In 1S53 lie came to Newport, opened an office 
and commenced the jjractice of law, in which business he 
is now engaged. He has held the ofiiice of Superinten- 
dent of Schools, Town Agent, and School Committee- 
man-several years. In 1SC6 and 1S72 he represented 
his class in the State Legislature of Maine. In 1880 he 
was elected Probate Judge of Penobscot county, which 
ofiiice he now holds. He married Sophronia B. Cofifin, 
of Waterville, in 1852, and is the father of four childien: 
Harriet C, married Howard C. Atwood, and lives in 
Newport; Jane W., married James T. Troutman, and died 
in California; William E., at home; Edwin C, died in 
Newport when si.\ years old. 



Peter Rowell w^.s born in Brentwood, New Hamp> 
sliire. He married Mary Marden, in Wolfsboro, ini 
182S, and came to Penobscot county and settled on the! 
farm now occupied by his wife. He was a machinist 
and house-carpenter by trade. He died in New- 
port in 1863. He was the father of two children,! 
Eli/.a J., who married David O. Trafton and lives on the 
old homestead, and Mary E., lives at home. 

David O. Trafton was born in West Gardiner in 1S36. 
He is a machinist by trade and was in the employ ot 
Oakes Ames for many years. In 1859 he came tQ( 
Penobscot county and settled on the farm he now occu- 
pies in Newport. In 1880 he was elected a member of 
the State Legislature by his class on the Greenback I 
ticket. In 1S59 he married Eliza J. Rowell, and is the( 
lather of two children, IMaurice E., lives at home, nad 
JNIary E., died in Newport. 

Enoch Libby was born in South Berwick, Maine, ini 
iSoo. He married Sarah Lord, a native of South Be 
wick. He came to Penobscot at an early day and sei 
tied in Newport on the farm on which he now lives. Hi 
is the father of three children: Samuel, who marriei 
Hester Libby, of Orono; Richard H., who married Lvdi; 
Moore and lives in Newport; Charles F., married Albina 
B. Weeks and lives in Newport. Charles F. Libby was 
born in Newport in 1835. He attended the Newport 
Academy several terms. He was a lumberman on the 
Penobscof River for si.xteen years, when he gave up the 
business, and in 187 1 purchased the farm on which he 
now lives and turned his attention to farming. In 1S61 
he married .^.Ibinia B. Weeks, a native of Thomaston. 

Samuel Weed was born in Tamworth, New Hampshire, 
in 1796. He was twice married. His first wile was 
a native of New Hampshire. He came to Penobscot 
county when quite a young man and first settled at 
Carmel, when he engaged in the business of tanning 
and erected the first tannery ever built in Carmel. He 
came to Newport several years ago and built a carding- 
and dressing-mill, and carried on the business here in 
connection with his tannery. After running the carding- 
mill for several years he sold out and returned to Carmel. 
He held the office of Selectman several terms at Carmel. 
His first wife died in Newport. He married for his 
second wife Amanda M. Sanderson, a native of Stetson, 
Maine, who survives him and lives in Newpoit. He 
died in Carmel in 1861. Their children were: Samuel, 
Harriet, and George F. George F. Weed was born in 
Carmel in 1S42. In 1S65 he commenced the study of 
medicine with N. L. Folsom, of Portsmouth, New 
Hampshire, and took his first course of lectures at 
Bellevue Hospital, New York, in 1868, and his second 
course at the University of Pennsylvania, where he 
graduated in 1S69. In 1869 he commenced the prac- 
tice of medicine at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. From 
there he removed to Di.xmont, Penobscot county, and 
then to Newport, where he opened an oflice. In 1S69 
he married Lucrelia P. Harrat, a native of Portsmouth, 
New Hampshire, and is the father of one child — Mary H. 

Atkinson Hobart was born in Canterbury, New Hamp- 
shire, in 1816. In 1S39 he came to Penobscot and first 



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HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



443 



settled in Coriiuh, wIiltc he followed his trnde, that of 
caipentcr. While in Corinth he mariied May Kelsey, 
in 1S41, and removed to Newport, where ho followed his 
trade about four \eais, when he returned to Coiinth and 
engaged in the niLicantile business. He then returned 
to Newport, pm chased a new stock of goods, and en- 
gaged in the mercantile business, in which he still con- 
tii-.ucs. He is interested in the banking business, and 
ha:> been Treasurer of the Newijort Savings-bank; has 
held the oflice of Assessor two years, TownClcrk si.x years, 



also the oflice of Justice of the Peace, and trial justice, 
for fourteen years. He at |(resent holds the office of 
Justice of the Peace and Ncjtary Public. He is the 
lather of seven children: Rosetta C, miirried Otis 
Springer and lives in San Francisco, California; Mariah, 
died in Neuport; Charles C., died in Newport; Mary E., 
lives in Newport; Fred, died in Newport; Katie, died in 
Newport; and Jolin W., mirrieJ Emily E. Chase, lives 
in New|jort, and is Receiver of the Sa\ings Lank. 



ORONO. 



DESCRIPTIO.M. 

This town is of quite irregular boundary, having, be- 
sides the angles produced by survey, the indented shore 
of Pushaw Lake on the northwest, and lire line of the 
Penobscot upon its whole eastern or southeastern limit. 
It is bounded on the north by Oldtow n and the Pushaw 
Like ; on the east by the Penobscot River, beyond 
which lie the towns of Bradley and Eddington, on the 
south by Pangor and Veazie; and on the west by Glen- 
burn. Its greatest length, from the northeast corner, 
due east of the State College, to the west line of the 
town, is seven and one-half miles, 'i'he average length, 
however, is but about four. The extreme breadili of 
the town, from the angle in the north line, next east of 
Pushaw Lake, to the |)oint formed at the southward by 
Veazie town and the river, is four and three eighths miles. 
The westward part of the town has a width of less than 
two miles. Average of the whole, not far from two and 
one half miles. Two niilcb' width of the waters ol Push- 
aw Lake come into the northwest corner of the town; 
but they nowhere come in for the distance of more than 
three-fourths of a mile ; and the entire surface of the 
lake within Orono can haidly be more than a square 
mile. A small tributary, heading immediately at the 
southwest corner of the town, re.iches the lake from the 
south. The Penobscot receives in this town one petty 
tributary, which rises near the crossing of the Upper 
Stillwater road and the east and west road through the 
town, and flows nearly three miles in a southwest direc- 
tion to tlie river. Above and below some smaller 
streams come in; and a mile abcjvc its mouth, at the 
village of Orono, is the debouchure of the Stillwater 
river, so called — a stream of importance, which is really 
but a side channel of the Penobscot, fiom which it de- 
parts at one place a little above Oldtown Island, and 



again at a point abreast of that island, thus forming 
Orson Island, and thence by its southward course and 
junction with the main stieam, farming the much larger 
Marsli Island, so named Irom an earlv settler and owner, 
upon wliich arc situated Oldtnwn village, Pushaw, the 
State College, and a part of Orono village. 

The I'Luropean & Nurth .Imerican Railroad has about 
five miles of its track in this town, on the lower ground 
following closely the course of the river. Upon a route 
of general paraileli-.m with the railway, and at an aver- 
age distance of less than a (juarter of a mile from it, is 
the main river road on the west side of the Penobscot. 
.-\notlier river road, but a short line, hugging closely the 
bank, runs from the mouth of the Stillwater to a junc- 
ture with the main road in Oldtoun, a little beyond the 
northeast corner of Orono. Fiom the village of Orono, 
east of the Stillwater, a branch road connects the village 
with Upper Stillwater post-office, Pushaw, and the north- 
ward. On the other side of the Stillwater, another road 
runs up that stream to a point a little way beyond Up])er 
Stillwater, where it forks, one branch continuing up the 
river, and the other running shar[ily off northwest 
through the interior of Oldtown, soon reaching the neigh- 
borhood of Pushaw Stream. Fiom Orono village, also, 
another road runs northwesterly to the Upper Stillwater 
and Bangor road, from which it i.s the only highway in an 
east and west direction through the remainder of the 
town. From a school-house on this road, half a mile 
from the west line of the town, a road runs south to the 
city of Bangor. Returning to the river road, another 
cross-line leaves that highuay about a mile below 
the village, and strikes directly acro^s the country 
to an intersection with the Bangor and Upper Stillwater 
road, b--yond which it does not go. Half a mile below 
that, another wagon-road, running nearly half-way across 



444 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



to the Bangor route, accommodatts a small country 
neighborhood. 

The old work known as the Stillwater Canal, following 
the course of the river of that name, and intended to 
facilitate the passage of rafts into the Penobscot, is an- 
other important feature of the town. 

Notwithstanding the age of the country, it being 
among the first settled near Bangor, the settlements still, 
for the most part, cling closely to the Penobscot and 
the Stillwater. North and northwest of the triangle, two 
of whose sides are formed by the Penobscot and the 
boundary line of Bangor and Veazie, there is as yet but 
little settlement — or, indeed, much west of the UpiK-r 
Stillwater road. Oruno is a nourishing village, howevei; 
and the dwellings and farms below it on the Penobscot, 
and up the Stillwater on thewest side, aie quite nu- 
merous, as also on the next south road running into the 
interior. 

The Maine State College and farm, on the east bank 
of the Stillwater, about a mile from the village, have their 
history and description sufficiently detailed in our Gen- 
eral History. 

On the highway from Orono to Oldtown, on the east 
side of the Stillwater, and about equidistant from that 
stream and the Penobscot, is the Racecourse. 

Just below Orono village is a good sized island in the 
Penobscot, which is quite useful in the extensive lumber 
operations of that locality. 

The soil and surface of the town, in general, do not 
differ materially from those of other |)arts of the lower 
half of the county, west of the Penobscot. 

A I;1T OV L.\Nli HISTORY. 

"A Plan of the Lots Surveyed by Elihu Warner, A. D. 
1794," very neatly drawn and colored, is a|)pended to a 
little manuscript book of "Remarks on 'Pownship Number 
One, in the Third Range, situated on the west side of 
Penobscot River, surveyed into lots in the summer of the 
year 1795, for the lion. Oliver Phelps, Leonard Jarvis, 
Esq., and Mr. Apollos Hitchcock, by Seth Pease," which 
is in the possession of the Bangor Historical Society. The 
book itself has little interest, e.xcept, perhaps, as evidence 
in the' litigation of a land case, being merely "cojiiiyed 
from the Field Book, but in a different order, that the 
outlines of each lot may be found more readily;" but the 
subjoined map gives the names of residents or owners 
upon a number of the lots, with the amount of their 
several properties in tlie lands. We subjoin a list, be- 
ginning at the northwest corner, upon the Stillwater 
River, and now within the limits of Oldtown : 

William Tibbels, Jim, r3.( 8-160 acres. 

William Dunning, 115 13 5-160 acres. 

Benjamin Tibbets, 10.; acres. 

George Tibbets, 105 26-100 acres. This tract was 
immediately opposite that of Benjamin Tibbets, on the 
east side of the steam. Just east of this piece, was an- 
other lot belonging to George Tibbets, containing 50 
acres. 

Elisha Mayhew, 50 acres. Immcdiatelv south of the 
piece last mentioned, Mr. JvLtyhew had a second tract, 



measuring 62'^ acres, ne.xt southwest of Benjamin 
Boobar's lot, named below. 

Major Robert Treat, 148 139-160 acres. Next south of 
George Tibbets's large i)iece. 

Benjamin Boobar, 76 98-160 acres. Opposite the 
southwest part of Major Treat's tract. 

John Capers, 141 41-160 acres. South of Mr. Boo- 
bar's. 

Nathaniel Ma)'hcw, 100 acres. In a big bend of the 
stream, opposite John Capers's, and south of Elisha 
Mayhew's. This is the southcrnn^ost tract on the map. 

A number of tracts — two east of Dunning, containing 
103 and 48 26-100 acres, respectively; one west of 
^Lljor Treat, 117 acres; one south of the last, 100 acres; 
and a. fifth south of that, also containing 100 acres — are 
noted as "vacant," or have no names of owners annexed. 
The lots are not numbered, but north of the whole is 
" Lot No. 54," east of which is " Part of Lot No. 53," 
south of that " Part of Lot No. 47," souih of the whole 
plat " Lot No. 24," and east of that " Part of Let 
No. 23." 

N.\ME 01^ THli TOWN. 

Mr. E. F. Duren, of Bangor, makes for this work the 
following note: 

It derives its name from an Indian chief, Joseph 
Orono, an able and friendly chief of the Tarratines, often 
at the head of deputations to meet Committees of the 
Provincial Congress in reference to the interests of the 
tribe. His mark, or signature, was the ftJi: simile of a 
seal. His countenance was lair and beautiful, and in old 
age his hair was milky white. He died February 5, 
1801, aged one hundred and thirteen. Mrs. Mace gives 
the following tribute to his memory : 

Noblest amony the braves w.'^s Orono, 

A kingly nalive, just, and wise, and true. 

To his dark brethren faithful, yet at heart 

Tiie white man's friend, Willi clear prophetic view, 

Our larger work and destiny he knew. 

Worthy of honor — well do wc bestow 

On this, liib dwcihng-placc, the name of Orono. 

A full notite of this renowned Tarratine or Penob- 
scot chief is given in our cha[)ter on the Indians of Maine. 

HISTORY OF THE TOWN. 

Almost the sole authority for this, in print at least, is 
the invaluable Centennial Address of ex-Governor Israel 
Washburn, delivered at the celebration of 1874 in Orono, 
of which this dibtinguished citizen was formerly a resi- 
dent. The material for most of the following paragraphs 
is derived from the remarkably lull and lucid pages of 
the Governor's production. 

EARLY SETTLEMENT. 

In the year 1774 Jeremiah Colburn and Joshua Eayres 
were the first white men to settle in Orono. This settle- 
ment was made on wild and unimproved lands, five miles 
above any settlement. I'wo dwelling-houses were built 
and a saw-mill half completed, and two roads cleared — 
one to a meadow six miles away, and the other to the 
nearest inhabitants. A large tract of land was soon 
afterwards cleared and improved, and the saw-mill fin- 
ished by the assistance of others. In July of 1774 the 



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RESIDENCE OF B. P. GILMAN, ORONO, PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



445 



buildings were bL\^un, and in the following October the 
families of. the two pioneers were moved into their new 
homes, where llicy remained till the succeeding May. 
On that date, deeming it unsafe to remain on accoinit of 
the depredations of the Indians, their fanuUes and effects 
were removed to the neaiest setllement. 

Mr. George Ring, who was brought to this town in the 
year 1800, at the age of five years, gave it as his opinion 
that the hrbt house was built m 1773 by Joshua Eayres; 
but his knowledge, coming from some informant, is inore 
hkeiy to be in error than statements made by !\Iessrs. 
Colburn and Eayres themselves in a petition which they 
sent to the General Court of Massachusetts in 1776. 

Jeremiah Colburn built his liouse, according to the 
more recent statement of his grandson, William Colburn, 
Jr., on what is now Mill street, in Orono vill.ige, near 
where W'yatt M. Fulboin, E^q., lived. I'he same in- 
formant locates Mr, Eayres's house on what is now 
Middle street, a short distance from the Universalist par- 
sonage, and nearly in rear of the Oiono House. 

The first mill in the town, built by the same two men 
above mentioned, was on the south side of the Stillwater, 
near a small island, and not far from the match factory. 
Captain David Reed, at some subsequent date, built a 
saw-mill on the same spot. 

Ebiher Eayres, daughter of Mr. Joshua Eayres, was 
the first white child born in Orono. Her bitth was on 
April 30, 1777. 

In 1800 Mr. Eayres moved to Passadumkeag, leaving 
his name to the island which has since become the seat 
of the most extensive lumber manufacture in the State, 
and also to the falls, uhieh had been pre\ioUbly known as 
Penobscot Lheal Falls, and still earlier as Arumsumhun- 
"an Falls. 

Mr. Colburn continued in this town till the time of his 
death. It is believed tliat he was born in Dracut, Mass- 
achusetts, in 1726. His wife's maiden name was Fanny 
Hodgkins. 

During 1775 Mr. Colburn, wliile at Camden in charge 
of ammunition and stores, was surprised by a party of 
British soldiers, taken prisoner, and carried to Bagaduce 
(Castine). An exchange having been afterwards effected, 
he returned to Camden to find that his buildings had 
been entirely destroyed. His household effects, however, 
had been removed, and were uninjured. 

.Mr. Colburn owned or occupied iieaily all the territory 
upon which the main part of the village is now located, ] 
reaching up the Stillwater as far as the farm now belong- 
ing to Mrs. Eliza W. Wyman. He died in iSoS, and 
was buried in the old cemetery near South Water street. 

John Marsh, then called the " Interpieter," was born 
in 1745, in Mendon, .Massachusetts, and came to Oruno 
in 1774 with Mr. Jeremiah Colburn, whose ilaughter , 
Sarah was afterward iiis wife. His title to the Indian grant 
of Marsh Island was afterward confirined by the Com- 
monwealth, and he held his possessions undisturbed. 
Oldtown, (Jreat Works, Pushaw, and portions of Power 
and Uiiper Stillwater —altogether not less than five thou- 
sand acres — are in that grant. 'Their aggregate pcjpula- 
tion at the present lime must be about five thousand. 



Captain Abram Tourtellottc, who was born in 1744, 
came to Orono from Rhode Island in 17S1, and made 
his first settlement on the farm on the Bangor road 
which is now the ])roperty of Mr. Sanmel Page. He 
lived on this farm thirty-eight years, and died there in 
the year 1S19. 

Samuel White, born in Mendon, Massachusetts, in 
1760, moved to Orono in 1784. He married Fanny 
Colburn, daughter of the pioneer Jeremiah Colburn, and 
first settled near Upper Stillwater, but soon after removed 
to the island fLtrm occupied so long a time since by his 
son Daniel. 

Captain Daniel Jameson, a shipmaster, was a native of 
Freeport, Maine. About the year 17S5 he came to Or- 
ono and married another member of the Colburn family, 
Miss Betsey Colburn. He was the father of Mrs. Wil- 
liam Colburn, Jr., and Daniel Jameson, well known in 
Oiono for many years. 

Joseph Page, from Rhode Island, catne to Orono soon 
after the close of the Revolutionary war. His settlement 
was made on the Bangor road farm now occupied by 
James Page. 

Antoine Eachance was born in Quebec in 1750 or 
1751. In November, 17S2, he was married to Miss 
Sarah Buzze, and they probably moved soon after this to 
Orono. In a deposition given in 1S37 Lachance says he 
had resided where he then did — on the southwest corner 
of the upiier College lot — forty-odd years. He re- 
mained there till his death August 6, 1S39. He was a 
"squatter" upon the northeily fiirm now occu[iicd by the 
State College, but after living there twenty years he con- 
veyed the lot to James Hi'iison. Living on the same 
place another twenty years, he testified that his deed was 
worthless, and that the land rightfully was the property 
of Seth Wiight, a resident of Northampton, Massachu- 
setts, held by a deed from John Marsh. 

Sometime before 1790, Robert, John, Joshua, and 
Joseph Treat removed to Orono from Frankfort, in 
Waldo county. Their business was lumbering and fish- 
ing. John moved to Enfield, where he died a few years 
ago. Robert was a business man in Bangor for many 
years. Joshua was "the great hunter" who erected his 
cabin near Fort Pownall in i76o,and is generally reputed 
to have been the first permanent white settler on the 
river. There are now no descendants of the brothers in 
town. 

As early as 1785 there came into what is now Oldtown 
a man by the name of William Lunt. He had a large 
family of children, some of whom afterwards remained in 
this part of the town. Several grandchildren are living 
there at the present day. 

In 1790 Mr. .\bram Freese and his three sons — John, 
Retire W., and Isaac — came to Orono from Bangor. 
The fiither made his first settlement on the lot on the 
Stillwater road alterwards owned by his son. Retire W., 
half a century or more. As far as soil and location goes, 
this farm is considered one of the best farms in this part 
of the State. On this |)lace the father erected the first 
frame building in Oiono. He died here about the year 
1800. 



446 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



One of the emliest settlers was Captain David Rend, 
who came I'mui Topshaiii in 1793. In iSoo he put up 
the second fijine h()u->e in loivn. This .-aood a few rods 
north of the hall, and was owned and occupied subse- 
quently hy John ISennoch, Esq. 

The fiiat t.uern in town w.is kept here by Perez 
Graves, and here occurred the first meeting for the elec- 
tion of town officers, April 7, 1S06, In 1786 he built 
the first mill where the stone mill now stands. 

Mr. John Read, son of Captain David Read, was 
chosen for one of the Selectmen at the first meeting after 
the incorporation of the town. George, another son, 
died here many years ago; his son, Mr. Hugh Read, is 
the present proprietor of the Orono Hotel. 

Mr. Joseph Inman was the first occupant of the farm 
which was at a later date the j^ropcrty of John Read. 
Some of his descendants are in Oiono at the present 
time. 

About 1795 Andrew Webster settled in this town, from 
Salisbury, Massachusetts. He removed to Castine when 
a young man, thence in the year 1771 to Langor, where 
he lived near the croNsing of Mam and Water streets. 
In Orono his house was where the residence of his grand- 
daughter, Mrs. Joseph Treat, now stands. The old home 
was removed in 1S35. Of his large family but three set- 
tled in Oronn. ! 

Captain Francis W'yman, who was a native of Phipps- ! 
burg, Maine, came to Orono either in 1792 or the fol- 
lowing year. His settlement was on the Upper Stillwater 
road, on the farm occuiiied now by Elijah W'yman, his 
son. 

Archibald Mci'hetres moved from Arrowsic, in the 
present county of Sagadahoc, to Rangor in 1 771, and 
twenty-four 5 eai. later settled in Orono, on the Pangor 
road. Pour of his live sons remained as residents here. 
The name, which indicates .Scotch descent, is sometimes 
written "McPheadris." 

Early in the history of Orono, some time before iSoo, 
William Duggans came as a settler. He owned a house- 
somewhat off from the iJangor road and below the farm 
of Mr. John Read. He fir.t lived on the place owned 
since by David McPhetres, this side of the ".Mac 
Brook." 

At a very early day in the history of this town the 
name of Spencer was heard; but the r^ersons to whom it 
belonged are not easily identifred. Among them, how- 
ever', were two of the same name -Nathaniel. Ttie one 
who Hved here being smaller than the one living on the 
east side of the riuiin river, was known everywhere sim- 
ply by the appellation, '-Little Thaniel." 

There came from Taunton, Massachusetts, in 179S, 
one Aid Godlr-ey, who setlled on the farm on the' 
Stillwater load nearest to the Oldtown line. He was a 
mill-wright, and so his labor was in great demand Dur- 
ing many years he was Town Treasurer. He was elected 
Constable and Cullertor at the first town meeting, which 
was held m the year ■ Hof,. The year following the April 
meeting was held in his house. 'Ihc first mill at St An- 
thony's Falls, Minnesota, was built by his son, of the 
same name. 



George Ring, Sr., came to Orono in iSoo, and when 
Joshua Eayres i-emoved to Passadumkeag, occupied the 
house which he had built. He was born in ,759,10 
Georgetown, this State. 

MbNICII'AI, OROAN'IZATION. 

Previous to 1S06, during certainly twenty years, the 
peo|.le hved under the organi;:alion known as '-SiilUvater 
Plantation." This place seems first to have been known 
as '-Deadwater;" but one Owen Madden, a discharged 
soldier of Bur-goyne's army, who had spent some time at 
Sirllwaier, New York, changed the name from "Dead" 
to "Still," as having a preferable sound. Mr-. Madden 
seems to have been a schoolmaster in Bangor and 
Orono. 

March 12, 1S06, the Plinlation became a town by an 

: act of the -Massachusetts Legislature entitled "An Act to 

j incorporate the Plantation heretofore called Stillwater, in 

the county of Hancock, into a Town by the name of 

Orono." The act was approved by Governor Strong, of 

the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

After the incorporation of the town, the first meeting 
, (or the election of officers was called by Richard Wins" 
; low, a Justice of the Peace residing at Oldtown, by a 
warrant dated March 27, 1S06, and directed to Andrew 
I Webster, who was Constable. This meeting was held at 
; the house of Capiain David Read, in Stillwater village, 
■April 7, 1S06. It is not recorded that any formal vote 
was taken to accept the act of rncoi poration, but that 
defect, it it were such, was cured by the eiiuivalent trans- 
actions of the meeting.* 

At this first meeting $75 were voted for contingent ex- 
penses and $1,000 for roads, to be paid in labor. Noth- 
ing was granted for schools, but the next year $200 were 
voted and $50 in iSoS. Forty six votes were cast for 
Governor in 1816. 

There was a lively scare all through this part of the 
country in the spring of 1814, when the British were oc- 
cupying Hampden and Bangor. A town meeting was' 
held in Orono, and the following resolve i.assed: 

Th.u we elioobe :i cuinmuiue to make imiuii) anil i.j l„ul out the 
imentions of il,e I'.nu.Ii towards ih,, iiiliabit.ints of tin. tou„, .nnd if it 
appe;irs to tlieni tli.it tlicy intend to inv.tde this town, to report tlie 
same to ilie inluUjitaiUs, and also to h.ive antlionty to call the inhabit- 
.tnis together at tlie shortest notice possible, to determine wliat method 
sli.ill be taken for the preservation of the persons and property of said 
tou n. 

^ Captain Eben Webster, William Coburn, Jr., and 
Samuel White, were appointed such committee; but they 
do not seem ever to have made a rejjort. 

November 3, of the original year, at the third meeting 
held in the town, it was voted to petition the Court of 
Common Pleas to send a c(,mim'ttee to lay out a road 
from Bangor to Mr. [ohn .NLns h's house. This meeting 

*The boundaiiesol the new tou n were defined in the act as follow 
Beginning .,t tlie northeast coiner of Bangor, on tlie Penopscot River 
thence by the nortlieast line of liangor inuil it meets tlie southeast cor- 
ner of 1 ownship No. I, on ihe second r.in,^, . tlien north on the east 
hnc of lownship No. i, ,n I'lishaw fond, to tlie northeast corner of said 
No. I. thence north to the northwest corner of the second quai'ter of 
township .\o. 4; thence by a line drawn on the middle of the eastern 
channel of Penopscot Kiver. so as to include the wliolc of the island 
calkd Maish's IsUud, to tlie boundary first mentioned. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COLfNTY, MAINE. 



i47 



was hckl at the dH-cllins-lioiisc of Mi. Andrew Webster. 
The four'.h meeting was held Ajinl 6, 1S07, at the 
hou^e of Mr. Aid Gudire)'. On the question wiietiier 
the Distiict of Maine siiotild he separated from Massa- 
chusetts, taken April i, 1S16, there were sixteen votes 
for and four votes against se|)aialion. .■\notlier poll taken 
in August of the same year, brought out a vote of only 
eight to five. Upon the final vote in April, 1S19, only 
four electors of Orono favored separation, and nineteen 
were oijposed to it. Mi. Jackson Davis was unanimously 
elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. 

NOTE.S OK I'KOORirSS. 

Between the year of the town's incorporation and the 
the year 1S20, its grouih was extremely slow. In 1820 
the population was only 41 5 — an increase of si,\ty-four 
during ten years. 

Between 1S20 and iSjo there was a more marked ad- 
vance in population tlian there had been at any previous 
time. The census of the latter date showed a population 

of 1,473- 

Mr. Perez Craves kept tlie first tavern in town, in the 
house afterwards owned by Mr. Bennoch. This was 
opened in 1812. 

In 1824 Mr. John Read built the tavern on Main 
street, subsequently known as the Siilhvater Exchange. 
He was the first landlord. 

The Stilluater Canal Com])any was cliartcred July 6, 
1S2S. It was intended for the passage of rafts from 
Upper Stillwater and above, to the Penobscot River 
below Eayres Falls. In 1S35 it was opened for the en- 
tire distance. A part of it had been in use previously. 

Jonas Cutting, attorney at law, opened an office in the 
village in 1S26. He coukl claim that he had been under 
the teaching of Rufus Choate, the Litter having been a 
tutor in Dartmouth College when he was a student there. 

In 1829 a Quarterly Meeting of the Methodists was 
held at the house of Mrs. Daniel Jameson. Religion 
had been neglected during the earlier ])eriods, but now 
began to receive more attention. The Methodist society 
here took the form of a strong, earnest band of workers. 

The Congregational jieople occasionally had [)reaching 
in dwelling-houses and school buildings. 

Between 1830 and 1840 the great land speculation oc- 
curred. Orono grew, at this time, in a most marvelous 
manner. The po|iulation, which was less than 1,500 in 
1830, arose, according to the census of the Selectmen in 
1836, to about 6,000, of whom nearly 1,900 were in this 
village. Lots in Orono were named at city prices, and 
the man who had not given a bond of village property, 
or did not already own some, became of no account 
whatever. 

In 1836 the village could boast of twenty five retail 
shops. 

The Stillwater Canal Bank was incorporated March 21, 
1835. Business began in the summer or early in the fall 
of the same year. The fir^t Pres.dent was Albert O. 
Brown, and the first Ca.shier, E. P. lUiller. 

'im: liKST R.Mt.I'iO.M", ETC. 

A charter was obtained for the Bangor & Oldtown 



Railroad March 8, 1832. The organization of the com- 
pany, however, was not completed until 1835. 

A village corporation, for school and police purposes, 
and protection against fire, being authorized by a legisla- 
tive act of February 16, 1S37, was organized and contin- 
ued until the final division of the town. 

In 1S35 or 1836 a joint stock company, called the 
Stillwater Iron Foundry, was formed, and a foundry built 
below the old Sleeper tavern and unt far from the Hani- 
matt mills. The first manager was Mr. Haley. 

After ihe general collapse of 1836-37, the i)0])ulatior. 
decreased, goods were attached and sold at auction, and 
a widespread prostration of all kinds of business ensued. 

During this interval of stagnation Mr. Asa W. Babcock 
and Captain Samuel Moore engaged in a movement for a 
free bridge, and worked at the scheme with such energy 
that the bridge was planned and completed ready for 
travel in a few months. The bridge ran from near the 
old foundry site on this side of the river, to a point 01 
the island near the terminus of the more recent railroad 
bridge. 

Some time before the year 1834, a brick school-house 
was built on the island, and a laige wooden one was also 
erected near Mr. Josiah S. Bennoch's, the one now on 
Main street, near the Universalist church. 

The Congregational church, built by Messrs. Hugh 
Read and Israel Brown in 1S33, was dedicated in the 
spring of the following year. 'I'he first settled pastor was 
Rev. Josiah Fisher. He continued till 1S35. 

The lawyers of Orono before the year iS34were Messrs. 
Cutting and Perley, John H. Hilliard, Fiederick A. 
Fuller, and Thomas J. Goodwin. 

The first murder committed within the limits of Orono 
was that of Reuben McPheties by Isaac Spencer, at the 
house of James McPhetres, on the Bangor road, next 
below the "Mac Brook." 

Between the years 1832 and 1841 no other town was 
classed with this l"or Representati\e to the Legislalun.. 
The Re[)resentative in 1832 was Noah Nason. 

The nulls situated on the island end of the Babcock 
dam were erected in 1832, destroyed by fire the following 
year, and rebuilt soon after. 

THK AROOSTOOK WAR. 

Governor Washburn has the following humorous re- 
marks upon the part borne by this town in the famous 
but almost bloodless confiict over the Northeastern boun- 
dary : 

[■rom your proNimuy to llie city of Banjjur, whore ilie- expeditions 
were lUle'd out, and from wliich lliey moved, as well as from tlie- fact 
llial all tliL' men and munitions passfd through your village, and ;hat it 
w.is on the line of the company of viileties (e.Mendmg from l^an^or to 
Masardis), — whose members, if they did not "wileh" our Eastern 
''wurkl with noble horsemanship," .iftoriicd .ui exhibition at which 
It j;,weil, and wondered, and sniileJ, — the excitement in town 
during the continuance of the "war" w.is. as will n.ituially be sup- 
posed, high-strung and uiitfagging, 

Kumors of battles, of the approach of .\lobauk Indians and the 
bloody liluenoses, were rife upon your streets, but yet were unable to 
stilie the sense of the ridiculous and (|uench the love of fun that ruk' 
the hour, breaking out now in disrespectful remarks at the expense » ,, 
the glorious company of I idetles — and martyrs; now in Otis Hank 
offering a dollar for the he.id of 'I'liomas Ilill, a carpenter and I^nglisl. 
mall, who was loyal to his native laud; and again, in sending a crowd 



448 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



of anxious patriots and wondcr-riiongcrs from Whitney's bar-room to 
my office, to see (General Wool, and ulierc they were soheriy introduced, 
by the gracck-ss waj; wlio had sold them, to Ariegus Lyon, the colored 
man. 

In 1S40, March 16. there was p.isscd an act t)f division 
and incorporation of Orono and Oldtown, which had 
previously fornictl one town. The June following the 
census showed Orono to havea population of 1,521, Old- 
iown 2,345; — both towns, 3,866. In the division more 
than two-thirds of the territory was set off for Oldtown, 
leaving Orono one of the smallest towns in area in the 
Slnto. 

Iniinediately foUowtng the election of the President in 
1840, a gradual revival of business began to be evident. 
In this neighborhood it showed itself in 1843 and 1844, 
in greater demands for our great staple, lumber, and in 
the increase in value of timber lands. By 1847 the im- 
pulse had grown into an nc tive movement. 

February of 1843 saw effected an organization for 
building a Universaiist Church, and on August 24th of 
the year following, the first Universaiist society in Orono 
was founded. 

During the decade Itetwecn 1S40 and 1S50 tlie lawyers 
in Orono were Frederick .'V. Fuller, NathaniLl Wilson, 
Israel Washburn, Jr., and Nathan Weston, Jr. The 
pi. iieians during the same period weie Ur.-,. Ricker and 
William H. Allen. Ur. Niran Bites was in town "for a 
few months. 

Although the census returns of 1S60 showed a de- 
crease in population since the previous census, the in- 
crease of business and the occupation of more houses 
than at any pre\iou-, date showed a wrong count at some 
time. The popuLiiion in 1850 was given as 2,785. 

The Orono Bank was incorporated February 14, 1852, 
and oigani/.ed for business the autumn following. Na- 
than H. Allen was the first President. 

.\ spacious and convenient High School-house was 
completed in 1S51, Nathan H. .Allen, Clideon Mayo, and 
Eben Webster, Jr., constituting the committee for 
building. 

In 1863 the Universaiist society repaired and im- 
proved its church building. The Congregational church 
did the same by its own house of worship) four years 
alter that time. In 1867 a fine Catholic church was 
erected, costing si.x or seven thousand dollars. 

The Oiono Savings bank was incori)orated February 
21, 186S, and soon after went into operation. 

In 1870 the census showed a [jopulation of 2,888 — 
334 in addition lo the 2,554 of i86o. 

.\l.JbrnON.\L SulKS* 

The first officers of the town were Allen Bliss, Town 
Clerk: Andrew Weber, Moderator and Treasurer; Rich- 
ard Wmslow, Moses .•Xvi.nll, and John Read, Selectmen. 

The first physician was Daniel 1. Perley; afterwaids 
came Dr. Stevens, from China, Maine. 

Jonas Cutting, a native of Croydon, New Hampshire, 

who opened an office as lawyer in 1826, removed lo 

langor in 1832; was a[)|)oiniLil a justice of the Supreme 

Judicial Court in 1854, and died .'\ugust 19, 1876, soon 

*Mainly by E. F. Durcn, Kit]., of Banj^or. 



after his term of office expired. Jeremiah Perley, author 
of the Maine Justice, was a lawyer here for several years. 
The Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr., came to Orono in 1834. 
He ably represented Maine as one of her Representa- 
ives in Congress from 1S55 to i860; was elected Gov- 
ernor of Maine in i860, and was in otficc two years; 
was ap|)ointed Collector of the District of Portland and 
Falmouth October 24, 1S63, and continued in oflJice 
uniil 1877. Since 1864 he has been a resident of Port- 
land. In 1874 Mr. Washburn delivered the address at the 
centennial anniversary of the settlement of Orono, which 
was ]3ublished with the other proceedings of the day. 
Charles Buffum was President of the Senate in 1871. 

The water privileges are abundant, and have been im- 
proved largely for the manufacture of lumber in all its 
forms. IHour- and gristmills are in operation, and es- 
tablishments for machinery, cooperage, oars, boats, etc. 
From 1S32 to 1835, duiing the great land speculation, the 
population increased from one thousand five hundred to 
si.\ thousand. Many fortunes were made and lost. This 
period led to great activity in trade and manufactures. 

The Bangor & Piscataquis Canal &; Railroad Company 
was charteied February 8, 1S33. Under this charter the 
railioad from Bangor to Upper Stillwater was built in 
1835-36. The charter for the Penobscot Railroad from 
Millord to Bucksport, with a branch to Orono, was ob- 
tained in 1S36. 

The Stillwater Canal Bank was incoriiorated .March 
21, 1835, and closed in 1842. The Orono Bank, incor- 
porated Februaiy 14, 1852, afterwards became the First 
National Bank of Orono, with a capital of $50,000. 
The Orono Savings-bank was incorjiorated February 21, ' 
1868. Its deposits and profits for the financial year 
1878-79 amounted to $33,323.13, and for 1S79-S0 to 

$29.37i-S3- 

The new and capacious Town House was erected in 
1S74, and dedicated upon the occasion of the Centen- 
nial anniversary. A Town House had been voted by 
the |)eop!e as long before as 1S24, but no money was 
provided for building it. The. Poor House was voted in 

iS37- 

Tliere are Congregationalist, Universaiist, Methodist, 
and Roman Catholic churches in the village; two physi- 
cians, two lawyeis, two notaiies, nine justices, thirty-one 
merchants, and foity-five nianufacturi rs. The associa- 
tions are the Meridian Splendor Masonic Lodge, and the 
Orono Lodge, No. 9, of the IndeiJendent Order of Good 
Templars. There is also a Horticultural Society, which 
holds annual fairs. 

The State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic 
Arts, located in Orono, was established by act of Con- 
gress July 2, 1S62, accepted by the Legislature March 
25, 1864, and chartered February 25, 1865. It has a 
pleasant and healthy locaticjii between the Penobscot and 
Stillwater liveis, on grounds originally cleared and set- 
tled by a French Canadian, 'i'he Stillwater River flows 
in front of the buildings, forming the water boundary 
of the College farm, and adding much to the beauty of 
the surrounding scenery. The buildings comprise the 
Brick Flail, White Hall, laboratory, boarding-house, Pre^i- 



.^/ 



ll'l 




Je^e^\^J,a.//.j/c:. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



449 



dent's, professors', and farm houses. The faculty consists 
of a President, seven professors, farm superintendent and 
steward. 'I'he resuUs of study and farming, with me- 
teroio-^ical olMcrvations, are taken daily, reported annu- 
ally to the State, and imblished. A much fuller sketch 
of this institution is .i^iven in the General History in the 
previous division ot this work. 

SOME STATISTICS. 

In iSio Orono had a population of 351, as already 
noted. In 1S12 it had 70 polls, estates valued at 
$1,378.70, and a tax of 22 cents on the $100. 

In 1S20 Orono had 4r5 population, 100 polls, and 
$24,690 in valuation of estates. The remaining statistics 
of population, grouped rapidly together, are 1,473 "'' 
1830; 1,521 (after the separation of Oldtown) in 1840; 
2,785 in 1850; 2,533 in 1S60; 2,888 in 1870; and 
2,448 in 1880, Its [jolls in 1S60 numbered 442, its es- 
tates were valued at $343,069; in 1870 these figures 
were respectively 566 and $523,888, and in 1880,558 
and $512,524. 

The town officers in 1881 were: .\. [■'. Lewis, .Vlbert 
White, E. N. Mayo, Selectmen ; K. P. I!utler,Town Clerk ; 
E. P. Butler, Treasurer ; Alansun Kenney, Constable and 
Collector ; George W. lirown, William Thompson, Solo- 
mon Gee, Constables ; N.. Wilson, Samuel Libbey, 
Charles Puffum, S( hool Committee ; ]■:. P. Butler, N. 
Wilson, J. C. \\'ilson, S.imucl I.ibbcy ((juorum), Elijah 
Wyman, Stinson Peaslee, J. C. \S'ilson (trial), Samuel 
Libbey, N. Wilson (dedimusj Justices. 

There is a very large manufacturing and business in- 
terest in Orono, which we have not space to detail. 

THE KEliEM.IO.N RECORD. 

The return of State militia to the Adjutant-Cieneral in 
1S62 included a company from Orono, of which John 
W. .\twell was Cajjtain, Charles W. Ross First, Elverton 
W. Butler Second, Charles H. Holt Third, and John E 
Bennoch Fourth Lieutenant, and Frank Hamblen Order- 
ly Sergeant. The first enrollment of the Orono militia 
numbered 148, the second 221; 166 had entered the 
Federal service. 

The following biographical sketches of dislinguiahed 
soldiers from Orono are taken from the Rejjorts of .\dju- 
tant-General Hodsdon : 

Brigadier General Ja.mes H. Cari.eto.v.— In Feb- 
ruary, 1839, during what was called the "Aroostook 
war," arising out of boundary disputes between the 
United States and Great Britain, this officer became 
captain of a company of Maine rillemen, and on the 
settlement of the dispute was appointed Second Lieuten 
ant of the United States Dragoons. In March, 1845, 
he became First Lieutenant; served on General Wool's 
staff in .Mexico; was promoted to be captain in February, 
1847, -ind brevetted Major for gallantry at Buena Vista: 
and attur the war served on the Western frontier and in 
California and Utah. When the late civil war com- 
menced, he w.ih ordered by General Sumner to Southern 
California. In September, 1861, he was promoted to be 
Major in the Sixth (Javalry. The f.jllowing spring he 
raised a body of volunteers, known as the "column from 
57 



California," and marched with them across the Yuma 
and Gila deserts, through Arizona to Mesilla on the Rio 
(irande. He was appointed Brigadier-General of Volun- 
teers April 28th, 1862, and ordered to relieve General 
Canby in command of the Department of New Mexico. 
General Carleton is the author ot a "History of the Battle 
of Buena Vista, and of the Operations of the Army of 
Occupation for one Month." 

Surgeon Alden D. Palmer, of Orono, entered the 
service originally as Hospital Steward in the Second 
Regiment of Infantry, in May, 1861, but his health not 
permitting him to remain, he received his discharge. 
Returning to Maine, he passed the winter and spring of 
1862 in attendance at the medical school at Bowdoin 
College, from which he received a physician's diploma. 
On the 6th of May, 1862, he was appointed Assistant 
Surgeon of the Second Regiment, which position he held 
until January i6, 1864, when he was promoted to Sur- 
geon of the Ninth Regiment, then stationed at Morris 
i Island, South Carolina. During the summer campaign 
) of that year he .served as Acting Chief Operating Surgeon 
of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps. In August he was 
ordered to inspect the hospitals in Maine, after which he 
returned to his regiment, in November, remaining until 
February, 1865, when he was ordered to \\'ilmington 
with the Second Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corjjs, 
and placed in charge of a hospital. Here he was taken 
sick with a fever, and after a short illness died, March 20, 
1865, at the age of twenty-eight years and five months. 
Dr. Palmer was unremitting in his efforts to alleviate the 
vast amount of suffering that came under his attention. 
All the responsible duties that fell to his lot he dis- 
charged with skill and ability, making himself much be- 
loved by all who eiijojed his acquaintance. He died 
most truly and fervently lamented. 

Lieutenant Israel H. Washburn, of Orono, is one 
of the young men of Maine who, from a conviction of 
duty, when enlistments did not keep pace with the re- 
([uiieiiients ot the service, came forward and encouraged 
patriotic action by enlisting in the Sixteenth Regiment. 
He was appointed second lieutenant, and was afterwards 
piomoted to first lieutenant. The first battle of his reg- 
iment was at Fredericksburg in December, 1S62; and his 
gallant behavior on that occasion coming to the notice of 
.Major General Berry, that lamented officer gave him a 
position on his staff. Resigning the service in June, 
1863, he was subsequently appointed lieutenant in the 
United States Marine Corps. Afterwards he was ordered 
to report on the United States steamer Rhode Island, 
the flag-ship of the West India squadron. 

The following is from the brief notes in the Roll of 
Honor published by Bowdoin College. Captain Foster 
was a graduate with the class of 1855 : 

Benjamin B. Foster was born in Orono in November, 
1831; studied law and entered on the practice in Lin- 
coln; mustered in November, 1861, first lieutenant 
I';ieventh Maine; detached as Assistant .•\(ljutant-(;eneral 
on General Peck's staff, with rank of .Major ; captain 
North Carolina loyal regiment. 



45° 



HISTORY OF I'ENOBSCOr COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



The followin- lurthci notice of Major Foster is from 
the Adjutant-General's Reports : 

Benjamin B, luis-ricK. -September 24, 1862. Imi- 
hsted as private in f,le\enlh ^hune N'olunteers. No- 
vember 14, 1S62. t'oiiiniissioned by (lovernor \Vashburn 
as First Lieutenant C^unipany I, Elcventli Maine Volun- 
teers. December, 1862. Detailed as Acting Assistant 
Adjutant C-eneial Fir-,t l!rii;ade, Casey's Division, Gen- 
eral W. W. 11. Da\is commanding. April, 1863. De- 
tailed as Aide-de-Camp to Major-General S. Casey, com- 
manding Second Divi.si<jn, Fourth Corps. July, 1863, 
Detailed to duty as .\ciing .\ide-de-Camp to Major- 
General G. B. McClellan, commanding .Army of Poto- 



mac. November 



iSO; 



.Xpliointed by President 



Lincoln I\Lijor and Assistant Adjulaiit-Gc-neial, and as- 
signed to btaff of Major-CJeneral John J. Peck, com- 
manding United States forces at Suffolk, \'iiginia, and 
served thereon at Suffolk and at Newbein, North Caro- 
lina, until RLay, 18(15. May, 1865. Assigned to duty 
OS Assistant .Adjutant General Seventh Army Corps, 
Major-t^leneral 1''. Steele commanding, headquarters at 



1S6; 



ResiLina- 



Little Rock, .Arkansas. November 14, 
tion accepted by President Lincoln. 

Another notice u( an Orono soldier is included in 
Bowdoin's Roll of Honor, class of 1862: 

Delon H. .Abbott, born at Orono December, 1838; 
did not prosecute his academic i:ourse ; entered the ser- 
vice as Hos|ntal .Steward August, 1862; was jironioted 
-Assistant Suigeon and Surgeon Ninth KLaine. 

C. H. l''ernald, .A. .M., Professor of Natural History in 
the KLiine State College of Agriculture and Mechanic 
Arts, is the son of Eben and Sophronia Fernald, of Tre- 
mont, Mt. Desert, Maine. He was born March 16, 1S38, 
and received his academii Ldiication at the .Maine Wesley- 
an Seminary at Kent Hili, and at the Museum of Com- 
parative Zoology, ( 'ambridge, ALassachusetts. He is not a 
college graduate, but reieived the degree of .A. i\L from 
liovvdoin College, lle^pent much of the time summers 
when a boy as a sailor, but attended and taught s( hool 
winters until the breaking out of the civil war, when he 
entered the navy as a seaman, where he was promoted to 
Master's Mate, and afterwards to .Acting Ensign. .At the 
close of the war lie was elected Principal of Litchfield 
Academy, Maine. He taught at Litchfield one year^ 
when he was called to take ch.uge of lioulton .Academy, 
Maine, where he taugliL ^i\ years or until the fall of 1S71, 
when he was elected to the Chair of N.iiural History in 
the Maine State College of Agriculture and iMechanic 
Arts, which position lie has ever since filled. In 1862 
he married .Maria E. Smith, adopted daughter of Dr. 
Torsey, of Kent's Hill, Maine. They have one child, 
Henry L. Professor Fernald is at work u|)on a family 
of insects called the I'ortrieidie, from .ill parts of the 
world, having ahead)- sec ured by far the largest collection 
in the world. He h.is in laeparation for the pness a 
Monograph of the '{'orliic icl.e of Koith .America, .A Re- 
vision of the Tortricicke of the World, and a Manual of 
Entomology for .Agricultural Schools and Colleges. 
Many scientific artii les have already appeared from his 
pen in the Canadian I'aitoiiiologi^t, .American N.ituiali^t, 



Psyche, Proceedings of the American Association for the 
.Advancement of Science, Transactions of the American 
JMitomological Society, and the Entomologist's Monthly 
Magazine of London, besides various ])opulari/,ed scien- 
tific articles in our State papers. 

Professor A. E. Rogers, of the Chair of Modern Lan- 
guages, and Instructor in the Military Department of the 1 
Maine State College of .Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 1 
is the son of W. \Y. and Mary S. Rogers, of Hampden, 
Maine. He was born April 21, 1855, at Ells\vorth,i| 
Maine. W. W. Rogers had five sons and two daughters, 
ot whom .Allen E. was the youngest. Alter completing 
his common school education he fitted for college at 
Hampden .Academy, Maine. He entered Bowdoin ini 
September, 1872, fiom which he was graduated in 1876.1 
After graduating he first taught at the Hampden .Acade- 
my, where he was principal for three years, or until 1879, 
when he was elected to the Professorship of Modern 
Languages and Instruction in Military 'I'actics in the 
Maine State College of Agriculture .ind Mechanic .Arts, 
which position he is still filling. In 1880 Professor 
Rogers married Mary F. Butler, daughter of James H. 
and Fannie M. Butler, of Hampden, Maine. 

'i'he Chair of Mechanical Engineering in the Maihe 
State College of Agriculture and Mechanic .Arts is filled 
by Professor C. H. Benjamin. Professor Benjamin is a- 
son of Samuel I>. and Ellen M. Benjamin, of Patten, 
Maine. Samuel Benjamin had two children who grew to- 
maturity, viz; Charles H. and John M. Charles H. Ben- 
jamin was born .August 29, 1856, in Patten. He received 
his academic education at Patten Academy; then went 
to \Vest \\'aterville and learned his trade, being there three 
years, and entered the Maine State College of Agricul- 
ture and Mechanic Arts, August 8, 1S77, taking a special 
course in mechanical engineering for one year. .After 
this he taught school one year, and worked again in the 
shop where he learned his trade, in Watcrville. In 1879 
he went to Massachusetts and engaged in mechanical en- 
gineering, in the einplo) of the McKay Sewing Machine 
.Association, wheie he remained one year, when he was 
appointed to the positujii he now holds in the Alaine 
State College of .Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. In 
1879 he married Miss Cora L. Benson, daughter of Rus- 
sell C. iJenson, of West Watcrville, ALaine. 

The Chair of Civil Engineering in the State College of 
Agric;ulture and Mec hanic Arts is at i)resent filled by 
Professor G. H. Hamlin. Professor Hamlin was born in 
Sydney, Maine, November 18, 1850. He is the son 
of Wellington B. and Philena Hamlin. Wellington 
Hamlin had seven children, four sons and three daugh- 
ters, of whom G. H. is the third. He received his 
academic education at Waterville Classical Institute, 
where he spent three years and entered the .Maine State 
College of -Agriculture and Mechanic -Arts in 1871, 
taking the full course in civil engineering and graduating 
in 1873 (liaxing entered as .1 sophomore). He was ap- 
pointed Inspector in Engineering the same year he 
graduated, and in 1875 was Professor of Drawing and 
I'ield Engineering, which position he held until 1878, 
' when he was made Prolessor of Mathematics and l)raw- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



451 



ing. He continued in this position until 1880, when he 
was elected to the Professorship of Civil Engineering in 
this coRege, which position he is still filling. In 1877 
he married Miss Annie M. Mayo, daughter of Gideon 
Mayo, of Orono. 

Professor Walter Balentine, of Orono, was born in 
VVaterville, Maine, September 21, 1851. His father, 
William Balentine, was a native of Waterville, and mar- 
ried Olive Lowe, also of Waterville. They had four 
children, three sons and one daughter, viz: Edward, 
now of Campbell, Minnesota ; George, now in Waterville, 
Maine; Walter, and Florence, now deceased. William 
Balentine is a farmer and still living in ^\'aterville. After 
completing his common school education U'alter Balen- 
tine entered Waterville Classical Institute in 1S6S, where 
he remained three years, spending his summers at home 
on the farm. In 187 1 he entered the .Maine State Col- 
lege of .Agriculture and the i\[echanic Arts, where he 
was graduated in 1874, having entered one year in ad- 
vance. He taught for a part of the? year after graduating 
and then went to Connecticut, entering the Wesleyan 
University, .Middletown, taking the post-graduate course, 
and at the same time was Assistant Chemist in the Con- 
necticut .'Xgricultural Experiment Station. He remained 
here two years, or until 1877. During this time he went 
to Kansas for three months, and took the position of 
Professor of Chemistry in the University of Kansas dur- 
ing the illness of Professor Patrick. During the latter 
part of 1877 and the year 1878 he was Principal of the 
High School at Fairfield Centre. In August, 1878, he 
went to Germany to study Chemistry and Physics at the 
University of Greifswald, where he remained one year. 
He then entered the University of Halle, remaining 
there about one year, during the latter part of which he 
was Assistant Chemist in the Agricultural Experiment 
Station of the Province of Saxony. Returning to the 
United States in 1S80, he was appointed Assistant 
Chemist in the United States Agricultural Department at 
Washington, where he remained till November, 1880, 
when he was elected to the Chair of .Agriculture and the 
Mechanic Arts, a position he is well qualified to fill. He 
has brought to this college not only skill and ability, but, 
being yet a young man, has that energy and zeal in his 
profession so necessary to success in any department of 
human industry. 

Professor A. B. Aubert is the son of Conrad Aubert, 
of New York City, and was born April 27, 1853. He is 
the youngest of a family of five children. He received 
his academic education at the Imperial Lyceum of'Stras- 
burg. After completing a course there he entered Cor- 
nell University in 1869, and took the full course in chem- 
istry, from which he was graduated in 1873. In February, 
1874, he was elected to the Professorship of Chemistry 
in the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanical 
Arts, which position he has since filled. 

Hon. B. P. Gilman, one of the most prominent men 
of Orono, was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire, 
March 10, 1799. His father, Josiah Gilman, had five 
children, three daughters and two sons, viz : John H., of 
this town ; Asenath, Judith, Mary, the three latter de- 



ceased; and Benjamin, who is the oldest. Benjamin 
Gilman lived in Gilmanton until he was twenty-six years 
old, when he moved to Sebec, Piscataquis county, Maine, 
in January, 1825, and engaged in trade, but soon after- 
ward added the business of lumbering and farming. 
There he lived sixteen years. While residing in Sebec 
he married Alice Morrison, daughter of Robert and Sarah 
Morrison. In 1841 Mr. Gilman moved to Orono, where 
he has since lived. He has been engaged principally in 
lumbering, though he has a fine farm. In 1837 he was 
elected Sheriff of Piscataquis county, being the first 
ejected in that county, and helped organize the first court 
ever held in the county. In 1840 he was chosen Elector 
and cast his vote for General Harrison. Again, in 1864, 
he was chosen Elector and cast his Electoral vote for 
Abraham Lincoln. He took a very active part during 
the Rebellion in sustaining the Government and breaking 
down the Rebellion, spending time and money, at one 
time having advanced over $20,000 to buy horses before 
receiving any of it back. He is now eighty-two years 
old, and is a hale man for one of his age, being able to 
do much business yet. 

A. F. Lewis, of Orono, was born April 20, 1841. His 
father. Amnion Lewis, was a native of Kennebec county, 
Maine. Ammon Lewis married Priscilla Wormwood, of 
Houlton. They had seven children, of whom A. F. is 
the third. Ammon Lewis has always worked about the 
mills, running machinery, etc. Mr. A. F. Lewis enlisted 
in 1861 in the First Maine Cavalry, remaining until the 
time of his enlistment expired in 1864. He was in all 
the engagements of this regiment during the three years. 
After coming back to Orono he went to work in the mill 
running a lath machine, where he remained until 1872, 
when he opened a meat-market and grocery store on Mill 
street, Orono, in company with Mr. Holms. For some 
years [last Mr. Lewis has been one of the Selectmen of 
the town, also Assessor and Overseer. In 1865 he mar- 
ried Augusta Lord, daughter of William Lord, of Orono. 

A. B. Sutton, who lives in Orono, but who now con- 
trols the mills which he built in LTpper Stillwater in 1869, 
is a son of George and Nancy Sutton, of Hiram, Maine. 
George Sutton was a native of Limington, Maine, and 
had six children, two sons and four daughters, viz: Jane, 
now Mrs. Theodore Pingree, of Denmark, Maine; David, 
deceased; Arthur B., of Orono; Eunice H., wife of Mr. 
Quinn, of Baldwin, Maine; Sarah, now in New Hamp- 
shire, a widow; Catharine, deceased. A.'B. Sutton was 
born September i, 1825, in Hiram, Maine. His mother 
died when he was twelve, and his father sold the farm 
and the family became separated. A. B. lived with his 
uncle,. John Sutton, of Parsonfield, until he was twenty, 
when he came to Oldtown and worked in a lath mill for 
his cousin. He taught school during the winter of 1845- 
46 in Lagrange. In the spring he entered the employ of 
Boston parties to close out a stock of goods in this town. 
He afterwards attended Parsonfield Seminary and taught 
school several terms. He took a trip West in 1847, com- 
ing back in the fall, and entered into partnership with the 
late Colonel C. D. Jameson. This firm continued one 
year, when Mr. Sutton sold out and engaged in trade 



452 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



alone, continuing until 1861, supplying teams and general 
trade. In 1S61 he sold out, taking a farm in payment. 
He built the mills here in 1865 and in 1869, and has 
continued in the lumber business. He married for his 
first wife Almira Coombs, of Bradford, by whom he had 
six children, four of whom are living, viz : Charles, now 
in the mill with his father; Maria C, now Mrs. Mont- 
gomery, of New Jersey; Fannie A., at home; George A., 
in State College at Orono. Mrs. Sutton died in 1866, 
and Mr. Sutton married for his second wife Elbra A. 
Smith, daughter of Colonel James Smith, of Bangor. 
They have one child — Lottie A. 

Edward Mansfield, of Orono, is the fourth son of 
Israel Mansfield, of New Ipswich, New Hampshire. 
Israel Mansfield married Susanna \\'ilson, of the same 
town. This couple had eight children, seven of whom 
lived to maturity, viz: Israel N., of Orono; Frederick, 
of Greenville, New Hampshn-e; Addison, of Greenville, 
New Hampshire; S. AMlson, of New Ipswich, New 
Hampshire; Susan, deceased; Mary, deceased. Edward, 
the fourth son of this family, was born June 20, 181 1. 
He first learned the cloth-dressers' trade in Rindge, New 
Hampshire, at which he worked about seven years. In 
1 83 1 and 1832 he learned the blacksmith trade in Ban- 
gor, at which business he has since continued; he came 
to Orono in 1S33, where he has since lived. He mar- 
ried Mary Cole, daughter of Deacon Ebenezer Cole, of 
Athens, Maine. They have had two children, one son 
and one daughter. The son only is now living, Edward 
W., who resides in Orono. The deceased was named 
Angeline M. Mr. Mansfield does the mill work, and 
makes and repairs driving tools. He is now seventy 
years of age, and has not lost a day for a year, which is 
quite a remarkable fact for a man of his age. Mrs. Mans- 
field died in July, 1879. 

C. B. Ring is the son of George Ring, of Orono. 
George Ring married Mary Lancaster, of Eddington, 
Maine. To this couple were born eight children, three 
sons and five daughters, viz.: Andrew G., Edmund T., 
Rebecca, deceased wife of W. H. Folsom, of Orono; El- 
mira, deceased; Elizabeth B., deceased; Mary J., now 
Mrs. B. Parker, of Portland, Maine ; Harriet M., de- 
ceased wife of George W. Terry; and Charles B., of 
Orono. Charles B. Ring was born November 12, 1837. 
After receiving a common and High School education in 
Orono, he went into the confectionery business in Orono. 
In 1857 he wtjnt to California, where he spent si.\ years 
at mining, returning in 1864. On his return from Cal- 
ifornia he opened a store in Orono, and has since con- 
tinued in trade; his present place of business is on 
Water Street. He married Abbie L. Hill, of De.xter, 
daughter of Valentine Hill. They have now two children 
living, having lost three. The names of the living are 
Virginia May^and Charles Harrold. 

Horace E. Hall, of Orono, was born February 6, 
1833; he is the son of Oliver and Sarah Hall, of Bradley, 
Maine. Oliver Hall had eight children, of whom Horace 
is the oldest son and third child. Mr. Hall has always 
been engaged in milling business, having had charge of 
mills for twenty years. He now has charge of the Ham- 



mett Mill, of Orono. Mr. Hall married for his first wife' 
Martha A. Willey, by whom he had one daughter, now 
deceased. Mrs. Hall died many years since, and Mr. 
Hall married^ for his second wife Clara A. Clark, daugh- 
ter of P. Clark, of Boston. They have had three chil- 
dren — James P., Minnie A., and George — all of whom M 
are deceased. Mr. Hall has always been closely con- til 
fined to his business, having charge of many men, and (\ 
though not an eventful life it has been a very busy one. 

A. G. B. Mosher is the son of William and Freelove 
Mosher, of China, Kennebec county, Maine. William 
Mosher had twelve children, six sons and six daughters, 
of whom A. G. B. is the sixth son and tenth child; he 
was born June 13, 1832, and married for his first wife 
Susanna W. Perkins, of Orono, by whom he has had 
three children, only one of whom is now living — Charles 
H. Mrs. Mosher died March 25, 1862, and Mr. Mosher 
married for his second wife Mary A. Holt, daughter of 
Obediah and Permelia Holt, of Orono. They have 
four children — Blandie M., Fanny B., Ada W., and 
Willie A. Mr. Mosher first engaged in teaming and ex- 
press business from Orono to Bangor, in which he has 
contmued, though he spent three years in California. He 
does the business of the Eastern Express Company here, 
though not their agent. 

B. E. Donigan, of Orono, is a son of Thomas and 
Mary Donigan, of Ireland, who had nine children, seven 
of whom grew to maturity, viz: Mary E., now of Boston, 
Massachusetts ; J. W., attorney-at-law at Bangor; B. E.; 
Sarah A., now Mrs. S. A. Lawrence, of South Boston ; 
Thomas H., of Bangor; Addie A., now Mrs. F. A. Wat- 
kins, of Providence, Rhode Island, and Albert F., of 
Orono. Mr. B. E. Donigan was born March 29, 1850. 
After completing the common school and high school 
course at Oldtown, he went into the mills there, where 
he worked until 1878, when he entered the clothing store 
of John Farrel, of Oldtown, to learn the trade. After 
remaining here six months he again went to work in the 
mill. During the year 1869 he went into the clothing 
house of Hugh Gibbons, where he completed his trade, 
and went to Boston in 1873, where he remained for three 
months, after which he came to Bangor and read law 
with Chapman & Donigan for seven months. Receiving 
a good offer from Mr. Gibbons to come back and manage 
his business in Oldtown, he concluded to do so, and re- 
mained there until August, 1875. He came to Orono 
in 1875 and opened a clothing store, making manufac- 
turing a specialty. Mr. Donigan married Miss Eliza E. 
Conrtf)', of Brewer, daughter of Peter and Jane Conroy. 
They have one child, Marion G., now three years old. 
Mr. Donigan's store is located on the corner of Main and 
Mill streets. He has for years been the correspondent 
of the Bangor Daily Commercial, both from Orono and 
Oldtown. 

Hon. Charles Buffum came to Orono in 1832 when a 
lad, with his father, Samuel Buffum, who for many years 
was prominently identified with the busmess mterests of 
Orono, and who died here in 1859; had six children who 
grew to maturity, one dying in infancy, viz: David N., 
deceased; Albert C, deceased; Maria F., Charles, Gus- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



453 



tavus G., and Julia A. Charles Buffum was born De- 
cember 25, 1820, in Palermo, Maine. On becoming of 
age he weiit into trade here in 1844, and in connection 
with this he became a manufacturer of lumber, which 
business he continued until recently. In 1868 he was 
elected to the House of Representatives of this State, 
and in 1869 to the Senate, being elected to the Presi- 
dency of that body in 187 1. In 1875 he was elected a 
member of the Executive Council, which position he 
held three years, the last year being chairman of that 
body. He was appointed as one of the Commission 
composed of three men to examine and report to the 
Legislature as to the legal rights of voters in the Mada- 
waska region. That commission consisted of Judge 
Sinionds, of Portland, Mr. Kimball, of Oxford county, 
and Mr. Buffum. In the fall of 1878 he was appointed 
as Superintendent of the Reform School at Cape Eliza- 
beth, which position he held until a change in the admin- 
istration in 1879. ^f"". Buflum married Miss Lydia S. 
Ordway, daughter of William G. and Sophia Ordway, of 
Orono. They have four children living, having lost one in 
infancy, viz: C. Frank, now of Bartlett, New Hamp- 
shire; Fred G., now of Portland, Oregon; L. Maria, 
and Annie G., now at home. 

In 1795 \Yilliam Lunt came to Oldtown, what is now 
Upper Stillwater, from Bowdoinham, Maine, and settled. 
He had six sons — William, Joshua, Abraham, James, 
judah, and Nathaniel. The youngest of these, Nathan- 
iel, the father of George W., of Orono, married Sarah 
Gregg, who is now living on the old farm at Stillwater. 
They had ten children, eight sons and two daughters, 
viz: Daniel, George W., James, deceased ; John, also 
deceased ; David and Jonathan, twins ; David died at 
the Black Hills, and Jonathan is now living in Wiscon- 
sin ; Alfred, now in Wisconsin; Richard, also in Wiscon- 
sin. The girls died in infancy. 

(ieorge W. Lunt was born December 27, 1S18. In 
1844 he married Rebecca B. Crombie, daughter of Moses 
and Soi)hia Crombie, of Phipsburg, Maine. Mr. Lunt 
engaged in the lumber business when a young man, and 
has always followed that business, with the exception of 
three years he spent in California, from 1852 to 1855. 
Mr. Lunt has two children, one son and one daughter, 
viz : Annie S. and George C. He has held the office 
of Selectman in his town. His present business is a 
scaler of logs. 

John E. Dennoch, of Orono, is the son of Josiah S. 
Dennoch, who came here from Charlestown, Massachu- 
setts, in 1806. Josiah Dennoch married Lucy Webster, 
daughter of Colonel Ebenezer Webster, of Orono, for- 
merly Oldtown. They had three children, all boys, viz : 
John E., Daniel W., and Charles, of whom only John 
E. is now living. He was born June 17, 1836, and mar- 
ried Mary J. Weintworth, daughter of Deacon Samuel 
Wentworth, of Veazie. They have had six children, of 
whom five are now living, viz : Daniel, Lucy, Charlie 



and Annie (twins), and Amie. Frank, the oldest, is de- 
ceased. Mr. Dennoch enlisted in the First Maine Heavy 
Artillery in 1863, serving six months until disabled at 
Fort Gaines, Maryland. He is quite extensively engaged 
in fruit growing, having a fine selection and many acres 
of trees. He is one of the Trustees of the County Ag- 
ricultural Society. 

Albert White, of Orono, is a son of Samuel and Mary 
White, of this town. Samuel U'hite was the son of 
Samuel While, Sr., who was one of the earliest settlers 
here. Samuel and Mary 'White had six children, five 
sons and one daughter, viz : Albert, Rufus C, Daniel 
(deceased), Charles C, Fannie L., and Edwin H. Albert 
White was born in 1837, May 12. He received his edu- 
cation in the public school of Orono; has always been in 
the lumber business in some way, and is now superin- 
tendent and manager of Webster's Mill in this town. In 
1S62 he enlisted in Company I, First Maine Heavy Artil- 
lery, remaining until the close of the war. He was pro- 
moted from the ranks to tlie office of first lieutenant, 
serving in all the lower grades except corporal. Mr. 
White has served his town in all the offices in the gift of 
his townsmen, from the lower town offices to that of Rep- 
resentative in the Legislature, serving in the latter posi- 
tion in 1876 and 1877. He is at present one of the 
Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor. He has also held 
the office of postmaster in this town. 

Dr. E. N. Mayo, who was born in Orono, is the son o 
John W. and Mary C. Mayo, of this town. Dr. Mayo 
was born May 15, 1837. After completmg the course at 
the public school in Orono he prepared for college at 
Mattanawcook Academy, Lincoln ; he entered the Maine 
Medical School at Brunswick in 1857, and took his first 
course of lectures; from here he went to Washington, 
L')istrict of Columbia, and entered the National Medical 
College, from which he was graduated in i860, this being 
the medical department of Columbia College. After 
graduating he first settled in Houlton, Aroostook county, 
where he practiced from i860 to 1867, when he moved 
to Orono, where he has since resided in the practice of 
his profession. He married Lucy W., daughter of Dr. 
W. H. and Ann B. Allen, of Orqno. The Doctor has 
no children. He has held a position on the School 
Board of this town many years, and is now one of the 
Selectmen of the town. 

Among the earliest settlers of Orono was Jeremiah 
Colburn, who came here from Pittston, Kennebec county, 
Maine, in 1774. He had a son, William Colburn, who 
was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. His 
sister Fanny was the first white woman on the Penobscot, 
in this region. William Colburn had four sons, viz : Wil- 
liam, Jr., Jeremiah, Edmund, and Abraham. William 
Colburn, Jr., married Frances Jameson. They had nine 
children, only three of whom are now living; James, 
Abraham, and John, all of whom live in Orono, on the 
old homestead. John and Abraham are not married. 



OLDTOWN 



GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES. 

Oldtown is one of the larger towns in the county, ex- 
ceeded considerably in size only by Lincoln, and not 
much smaller than Bradley. The length of its north boun- 
dary is but a trille less than eight miles; it has a boundary of 
seven miles in the river Penobscot; its south line is but 
a little shorter than its northern, or seven and two-thirds 
miles; and its west limit is about five and one-fourth 
miles in length. The south line is very much broken, 
although it is maintained in right lines. It pushes east- 
ward in a straight hne from the corr.er in Pushaw Lake 
but three and one-half miles, when it dips down at a 
right angle a few rods, and then slopes off southeasterly 
one and one-third miles to the neighborhood of Upper 
.Stillwater post-office, where it makes a sharp angle to the 
northeast, runs less than half a mile, then easterly again 
three-fourths of a mile, south about as far, and east again 
a little further to the Penobscot. There are thus six 
breaks in the line, which is somewhat lengthened by its 
irregularity, and the town considerably broadened. 
While its west line, as before stated, is only about five 
and one-half miles long, the extreme breadth of Oldtown, 
as measured from the south line of Argyle to the southern- 
'most boundary near the Penobscot, is six and one-half 
miles. The nprth line of the town, nearly eight miles 
long, measures its extreme length, although it may be , 
fully eight miles long on a line from Glenburn across the 
head of Mud Pond to the innermost part of the bend ^ 
below Sunkhaze. 

Oldtown is bounded on the north by Alton and Argyle; 
on the east by the Penobscot and Milford beyond, with 
a strip of Bradley east of its southern projection; on the 
south by Orono; and on the west by Glenbufn and Hud- 
son. It is only distant by the width of the narrow part 
of Orono, a little over two miles, from Bangor. By its 
position, its numerous valuable waters, and its ancient 
settlement, it has peculiar advantages of growth and 
prosperity, which have been improved to a large extent, 
so that it has become the most populous town in the 
county, away from Bangor, being approached closely in 
this particular onPy by Brewer, and exceeded in the valua- 
tion of estates by only Brewer, Hampden, and Dexter. 

The waters of Oldtown are indeed a chief source of its 
prosperity. The finest power on the Penobscot is at the 
" Ounegan " or carry — the falls below Oldtown Island, 
— enough to make of Oldtown village another Lowell, if 
the requisite capital and enterprise were directed thither. 
Besides the Penobscot on the east front, with its great 
facilities for log-driving and booming, several miles of the 
Stillwater River lie in this town. This is not so much an 
independent river as a side channel of the Penobscot, 

454 



flowing from the Boom Branch, another side channel 
leaving the present stream above Oldtown Island, about 
one and one-half miles from the village, flowing northwest 
two miles, thence abruptly turning south, and flowing 
southwest and southeast till, passing around and forming 
Orson Island, it rejoins the river just above Oldtown vil- 
lage. Near the original entrance of this channel, a sheer 
boom has been stretched diagonally across the Penob- 
scot, which turns all logs from the river-channel into that 
in which the Main Boom has been constructed. From 
the head of Marsh Island the waters of the Stillwater 
Branch proper flow southward from the Boom Branch, 
leaving the town by the sharp corner near Upper Still- 
water postoftice, and going one and two-thirds miles fur- 
ther to the Penobscot at Orono village. Near Pea Cove, 
and at the northernmost point of the Stillwater, the Birch 
Stream comes in from between Alton and Argyle, having 
a flow of but three-fourths of a mile in this town. About 
one and one-half miles further down, another watery con- 
nection with the Penobscot strikes off, which flows a mile 
and a quarter to the river nearly opposite the middle of 
Oldtown Island. The tract of land thus enclosed is 
called Orson Island, this channel cutting it off from the 
much larger area shut in by it, the Stillw'ater, and the 
Penobscot, and which has received the name, from one 
of its early settlers and owners, of Marsh Island. Orson 
Island, unlike the other, belongs to the Indian reserva- 
tion; and although not inhabited by the tribe, it serves 
them usefully in the shore-rents obtained for its use in 
the operations of the lumbermen. These operations are 
very extensive and important in this quarter. The entire 
enormous product of the north woods, so far as it reaches 
the Penobscot, passes the front of Oldtown. The side 
channel from the river lo>the Birch Stream constilutcs the 
main boom of the Penobscot Boom Association, where 
hundreds of acres of logs may be seen at times, undergo- 
ing the process of sorting at the hands of the stout and 
fearless boomers, or already snugly lodged in their proper 
places. 

This Boom and the Stillwater are fu'l of islets, con- 
taining probably not less than a score and a half, few of 
which have any importance. Just at the junction of the 
stream with the lower connection with the Penobscot, be- 
low Orson Island, is a rather long and narrow islet, named 
from the famous old chief, "the blue-eyed Orono." On 
the other side, in the river, beyond a little island at the 
mouth of this connection, is the most famous of all the 
Penobscot islets, the Indian Oldtown Island. This, the 
only one of the scores constituting the Indian reservation 
that is inhabited by the tribe, to any large extent, is only 
one and one-eighth miles in full length and a little more 




a ^ 



— x/^; 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



455 



than half a mile in extreme breadth. The village of the 
I'enobscots is thickly crowded together, with its neat 
Catholic chapel, the little convent of the Sisters of Mercy, 
and school-house and cemetery, at the lower end of the 
island, which looks closely upon Milford village on 
the east and Oldtown village to the southwest. It is a 
pleasant island, is favorably situated for habitation, and is 
believed to have been inhabited by the aborigines for 
ages before the white man came. Above it is a little 
island at the entrance to the Boom, and another some 
two and one-half miles north, opposite the corner of ,\r- 
gyle and a little below Costigan Station. Just below it, 
about the falls, are a number of petty islands, and one 
larger one, which is practically a part of Oldtown village, 
being much built up, traversed by streets and roads, and 
at the upper end by the track of the European and North 
American Railroad. 

The only remaining stream of importance is the 
I'ushaw, which flows from Mud Pond — a sheet of water 
in the central west of the town, about a mile long by lit- 
tle more than half a mile wide — north by a very winding 
course between two and tluee miles a little way into Al- 
ton, where it receives some tributaries and makes a bend, 
returning to Oldtown about a mile east of its place of exit, 
and thence flowing in a southeasterly direction, with a 
great bend to the northwest toward its mouth, in the 
Stillwater, a little below Orono Island. 

The southwestern part of the town, as already indi- 
cated, is occupied by a portion of the superb Pushaw 
Pond, which pushes over from Milford and Glenburn 
into Orono almost its entire width at the lower end. A 
length of this lake of three miles, on the line of the town, 
and a breadth on the south line of one and one-third 
miles, lie in Oldtown. 

Notwithstanding the large population of this town, its 
western half is still almost luiinhabited. A very few ad- 
venturers have pushed in toward Pushaw Lake, on a 
"plug" road which leaves the northwestern road 
from Orono village through Upper Stilhvater and the 
town, one and one-third miles above the town line, and 
runs west and northwest a little farther into the interior. 
The main road soon leaves the Stillwater above the 
Upper post-office, and by and by nears the Pushaw 
Stream, on the south side of which it runs to the close 
neighborhood of the north line of the town, where it 
divides into two branches, each going into Alton. The 
road has an entire course of seven miles in this town be- 
fore branching. For nearly five miles in its middle 
course it scarcely passes a habitation ; but there is a set- 
tlement of some size near the north line, where a good 
power on the Pushaw has prompted the erection of sev- 
eral mills and factories. This neighborhood has a public 
school-house. 

.^t Upper Stillwater this and the Stillwater are crossed 
by a northeast road coming from Bangor, through Orono, 
and going two miles further to Oldtown village. A well- 
settled road also runs from here up the Stillwater, which 
it leaves abreast of Orson Island, and makes off north 
into Argyle, thus traversing the entire town. On the op- 
posite side of the Stillwater from Orono by the State 



College, a highway runs up the river to Pushaw, a settle- 
ment just below the mouth of the stream of that name. 
Here it joins a road from Oldtown village northwest 
through Pushaw and by two crossings of the Pushaw 
Streain to the long road on tlie south side of that water. 
At Oldtown village the west river road, so far as it fol- 
lows the Penobscot closely, is obliged to end; but it is 
renewed by the road up the west bank of the Stillwater, 
from which an east road branches off three-quarters of a 
mile from the north line of the town, runs nearly two 
miles across the mouth of the Birch Stream, at the head 
of the Main Boom, until it nears the Penobscot again, 
when it pushes its way north into Argyle, and so on up 
the county. 

The European & North American Railroad has some- 
thing more than two miles of main track in this town. It 
has a station at West Great Works, which is situated op- 
posite Great W'orks village, in Bradley, and has a post- 
office of its own; and a more important depot one 
mile further at Oldtown village, whence it crosses to Mil- 
ford by a bridge over the Penobscot. Over this road to 
Oldtown Station, are transported also the cars of the Ban- 
gor & Piscataquis Railroad, which forms a junction with 
it at Oldtown, and runs west of north about five and one- 
half miles in this town, crossing Orson Island en roiiti, 
and running into Alton. A mile before its e.xit it makes 
a station at the crossing of the wagon-road for Pea Cove, 
which station has a name to correspond. This is the 
only station of this road in the town, e.xcept at the vil- 
lage. 

The surface of Oldtown is generally level, though the 
town is not without some moderate hills and some 
ravines entitled to be'called valleys. The soil is neither 
much better nor much worse, for the purposes of agricul- 
ture, than the average soil of Penobscot county; yet 
there are occasional tracts of rare fertility, and in gen- 
eral it can be cultivated with fair success and produces 
all crops known to this region. Some valuable orchards, 
bearing various fruits in large quantity, exist within the 
town. 

"The population of Oldtown," says Mr. Norton, "is 
composed largely of native-born Americans, with (piite a 
sprinkling of Canadian, French, and Irish emigration, 
and for order and morality will compare favorably with 
any community of equal size in the State." 

INDI.\N OLDTOWN. 

The most ancient history of this region connects itself 
directly with this locality. This, the lowermost island of 
the Indian Reservation, contains about three hundred 
and fifty acres, and is occupied by the remnant of the 
Tarratine or Penobscot tribe of Indians. Once claiming, 
as its original inhabitants, all the territory in the region 
on both sides of the river, by several treaties made with 
the English and Colonial governments they relinquished 
a large portion, and in 1785 they yielded still more, re- 
serving only Oldtown Island, or, as it is supposed to have 
been called in 17 10, "the Island of Lett," and all the 
other islands, thirty-eight m number, in the river just 
above it. All the lands on the waters of the Penobscot 



356 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



river, above the Piscataquis and Mattawamkeag, were re- 
served for liuiiting grounds for them, not to be laid out 
or settled by the State or by individuals. A controversy 
as to the possession of lands by the Indians having arisen 
in 1796, a new treaty was formed releasing, for a con- 
sideration in annual payments, one hundred and eighty- 
nine thousand four hundred and twenty-six acres. In 
1820 they held two thousand six hundred and seventy 
acres, forty of which were under cultivation. The trustee 
fund is now about seventy-five thousand dollars, from 
which they receive about four thousand five hundred 
dollars annually. The first Indian Agent was Francis 
L. B. (loodwin, of Frankfort. The present number of 
Indians is four hundred and eighteen. They have a 
church (Roman Catholic) and schools taught by teachers 
from the Sisters of Mercy. The Indians cultivate the 
soil to some extent and many are hunters and guides. 
In the summer jjarties of them encamp at the seaside 
resorts for the sale of their baskets, moccasins, and other 
wares. 

We take the opportunity here offered to give further 
information concerning the history of the tribe, collected 
since the chapter on the Tarratines was prepared. 

The Indians say the aboriginal name of this locality 
was Pannawanske (Pannawanskek, or Pananiske, as it is 
variously spelt), meaning "it forks upon the white rocks," 
or "it opens (or widens) upon the rocks." Captain 
Francis, one of their later chiefs, said that the Penobscots 
removed from their seats further up the river, and estab- 
lished themselves here, with the thought that the swift 
waters would aid in their defense against the Mohawks. 
Judge Godfrey, however, thinks the settlement originated 
in a French mission, having a chapel and fort, with some 
habiiations for the whites, about which the Indians sub-- 
seqnently clustered. He thinks it must have been an 
occasional camping-ground for the Indians for at least 
five hundred years, as one of them gave the tradition, 
and that it was (jrobably old "Panawanskek" for about a 
century. 

On the 13th of September, 161 7, a large number of 
canoes, with one hundred and twenty warriors, left here 
upon an expedition to a place near the mouth of the 
Kennebec. 

The Rev. Daniel Little, commissioned on behalf of 
Massachusetts to deliver to the Indians the blankets and 
ammunition promised in consideration of their surrender 
of territory by the treaty made at "Sunbury or Condus- 
keag," in August, 1786, arived here in the performance 
of his duty June 21, 1788, and thus describes what he 
saw : 

Passed a western branch of the river to an island seven miles long 
[Marsh Island], walked upon said island through a trackless wood about 
si.'c miles, when Indian Oldtown, about two hundred acres, opened to 
view, with a thicket of houses on the lower point of said island, just 
above the great Falls. Immediately upon our arrival in open view of 
the town, a number of their canoes were manned with sprightly 
young men, in which they came over (about forty rods) to transport us 
into town, .-^s we landed, their shore was lined with women and chil- 
dren. We walked up to their parade, about fifteen rods from thcshore 
(a walk very smooth, about three rods in width, lined on each side with 
a range of houses, built with poles about si.>c inches in diameter, and 
the same as under, placed perpendicularly and covered very neatly with 



bark in shingle form), was introduced into their capital house by^ 
waiter, who stood at the door. Only one sachem in the house of coq 
ference, who made us very welcome, directing us to take possession i 
one-half the room, twenty by forty, which was carpeted with fur. Verl 
soon came in all the sachems and placed themselves on the opposit^ 
side, which being divided by two poles from one end of the house tq 
the other: then about forty of their men of years placed themselves i 
rank next the sachems; and lastly an old man of about one hundreS 
years, a former sachem, was Introduced in memory of past years. Thefl 
then fired a cannon abroad. 

The conference about four hours. Not a drop of rum by us or theiEi 
while in the town. The conference began between 8 and 9 o'clock. About 
fifty, mostly their heads of families, who occupied one side of thfe 
house. Not a word spoke or a smile expressed by any of them, ex«- 
cept their moderator or orator, and a few directing words by the coun 
cil to assist their speaker. In the midst of the conference, about i| 
o'clock, the bell rung, and they made a composed mental prayer fq 
about ten minutes. When they appealed to Heaven as given them i 
secure right to the soil, all the sachems rose up from the ground o^ 
which they sat and stood in a posture for a minute, expressive of 
appeal to the Great God, of the truth of their declarations. Four mel 
were distinguished as their acting chiefs, viz: Orono, Orsong, EsqJ 
Neptune-bovitt, Orsong Neptune. No women or children hearj 
through the conference. They declined giving us liberty to see thi 
tribe paraded and numbered; but those who were most acquainted wilj 
the tribe judged, as they appeared on tlie shore at our landing, to 
present about two hundred. 

In Wintabotham's Historial, Geographical, Commer'| 
cial, and Philosophical View of the American Unitec 
States, published at London in 1795, occurs the follow! 
ing notice of this place, a somewhat mistaken one, bull 
which is the only one given to any locality in the present" 
Penobscot county, except in the census returns of 1790: 

The remains of the Penobscot tribe are the only Indians who take 
up their residence in this District [of Maine^. They consist of abouj 
one hundred families, and live together in regular society at Indian Ola 
Town, which is situated on an island of about two hundred acres, id 
Penobscot River, just above the Great Falls. They are Roman Cathol 
lies, and hpving a priest who resides among them and administers tha 
ordinences. They have a decent house for public worship, with 
bell, and another building, where they meet to transact the public busil 
ness of their tribe. In their assemblies all things are managed with thq 
greatest order and decorum. The sacheins form the legislative and ex-i 
ecutive authority of the tribe, though the heads of all the famiHes ara 
invited to be present at their public periodical meetings. The tribe 
increasing, in consequence of an obligation laid by the sachems on th^ 
young people to marry early. 

In a former war this tribe left their lands, but at the comniencementi 
of the last war the Provincial Congress granted them all the lands fron 
the head of the tide in Penobscot River, included in lines drawn si» 
miles on each side — /. c. , a tract twelve miles wide, intersected in tha 
middle by the river. They, however, consider that they have a right tq 
hunt and fish as far as the mouth of the Bay of Penobscot extends! 
This was their original right, in opposition to any other tribe, and theW 
now occupy it undisturbed, and we hope will continue to do so till thej 
period shall arrive when, mingled with the rest of the inhabitants, thew 
shall form but one general mass. 

A benevolent society in Bangor, in the year 1823, en-l 
gaged Mr. Josiah Brewer, then a teacher, and subse-j 
quently the Rev. Dr. Brewer, an eminent missionary ofl 
the American Board to Syria, to undertake a school for 
the Indian children on the island. He made a hopeful! 
beginning, but the enterprise could hardly be called 
distinguished success. Judge Godfrey says, in a note to| 
his article on The Ancient Penobscot: 

He collected quite a number, and the parents did not object to hia 
teaching them. Bnt as they had never been accustomed to restraint^ 
he found it difficult to hold their attention long enough to teach then 
anything. They were like rabbits in their movements. They would sid 
and appear to be interested for a short space of time, then jump up and 
run away without regard to teacher or lesson — some did learn to read 
and write, however. After a few months Mr. Brewer abandoned his! 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



457 



enterprise. One of his pupils, Joseph Polls, is living and a house- 
holder upon Oldtown Island. Visitors generally nmke his acqu.iin- 
tance. 

When Pr. Ballard was State Superintendent of .Schools, he visited 
Oldtown Island and found there a substantial frame school-house, and 
in it a school of from fifteen to twenty Indian boys and girls of all ages 
from five to sixteen, under the charge of a young lady teacher from one 
of the neighboring towns. The scholars were as orderly and studious 
as those of many of our common schools, and were a vast improve- 
ment over those of Mr. Brewer near fifty years before — their grand- 
parents and parents, perhaps. 

Mr. Williamson's account of this place, written about 
1 83 1, is as follows: 

In later years, Indian Oldtown* has been their village and altogether 
the place of their greatest resort. Its .situation is upon the southerly 
end of an island in Penobscot River, twelve miles above the mouth of 
the Kcnduskeag, being partly cleared, and contaming about 350 acres 
of very rich and mellow land. At the close of the .American Revolu- 
tion, the \'illage contained between forty and fifty wigwams, about 
equally di\ idcd by a street five rods in width, which passed east and west 
across the island, quite compact on each side, and constructed after the 
old Gothic fashion with the gable ends towards the street. These slen- 
der cabins, which have been gradually decreasing in number, are usu- 
ally built and occupied by a family, including all the descendants of a 
father living, unless some of them choose to construct others for them- 
selves. 

Through a short avenue southerly from the main street is theirchurch 
or chapel, forty feet by thirty in dimensions, and one story in height, 
with a porch, a cupola, and a bell. It is covered with clapboards, and 
glazed. Fronting the door within are the desk and altar, two large can- 
dlesticks, and some other articles of service, after the Catholic forms ; 
upon the walls behind are images of our Blessed Saviour and some of 
the primitive saints; and on the right and left of the desk are seats for 
the ciders. Otherwise the worshippers, male and female, who uniformly 
convene on the Sabbath, and frequently for prayers on other days when 
a priest is with them, both sit and kneel upon the floor, «hich is alwavs 
covered with evergreens. But the present edifice, which has been built 
since the Revolution, is said to be far from comparing with their former 
one, either in size or appearance. 

Northerly of the chapel, twenty rods, is their burying-place, in which 
stands a cross, fifteen or eighteen feet in height. In its standard posti 
six feet from the ground, is carved an aperture, five inches by three in 
compass and four deep, securely covered with glass, enclosing an em- 
blematical form of the Virgin Mary with the infant Inmianuel in her 
arms. At the head of each grave is placed a cmcifix of wood, which is 
about three or four feet high, and very slender — a memorial borrowed 
from the Catholics." 

The succession of chiefs of the Penobscots, for about 
a century is said to be as follows : Tomasus, or Tomer, 
during the French and Indiati war. Then, sooti after 
the close of the war, Osson, for five or six years, and per- 
haps longer. He was commissioned a Justice of the 
Peace by the Colony of Massachusetts, being the only 
native ever appointed by the Government to that office. 
Then came the famous Orono, who long ruled the tribe 
and died at Oldtown at a great age February 5, 1802. 
His remains rest in the churchyard upon the island, un- 
marked, but near the cross standing in the enclosure. 
Aitteon, supposed about 1806-07, who stabbed hitnself 
in a moment of frenzy in Boston in 181 1. Joseph Lo- 
lan (or Loring), who died about 18 15. John Aitteon, 
son of the former Aitteon, installed Governor September 
19, 1816, with John Neptune Lieutenant-Governor or 
sub-sachem, and Francis First Captain. In 1838 they 
were deposed by a new election, in which the Openangos 

' Mr. Williamson'.'i foot-note : ** In September, 1816, according to an account 
taken, there were .ibout twenty-five wigwams; .igain, in May, 1823, it w.as found 
there were unly fifteen or sixteen standing, the chapel dilapidatetl, tlie porcll aiul 
bell down, since rebuilt. Perhaps Oldtown is the ancient ' Lett.*— Penhallow's 
Indian Wars, A. D. 1710. ' The Island of Lett.'" 
58 



and Marechites took part, and elected Tomar Soc Alexis 
Governor, and Aitteon, son of Squire John Osson, Lieu- 
tenant-Governor. March 16, 1839, the Legislature passed 
an act authorizing the biennial election of a Governor 
and Lieutenant-Governor, to serve two years, or till the 
choice of a successor. 

Many additional facts concerning these, as well as the 
older and later chiefs, may be found in our chapter on 
the aborigines, in the General History. An entertain- 
ing anecdote of Governor Neptune and his comrades is 
related by a writer in Voices of the Kenduskeag, pub- 
lished at Bangor in 1846, in these words : 

It has been the custom of the tribe from time immemorial to be rep- 
resented at the Legislature by a delegation consisting of one or more of 
their chief men. When Maine was connected with Massachusetts, 
they were regularly represented at the "General Court " in Boston; and 
if they could learn that Blake was to be in Boston at the same time, 
the delegation made it a point to put themselves under his direction. 

At one time the delegation consisted of six chiefs. Among them 
was Neptune, then a young man, and when in full dress a magnificent 
fellow. When they arrived in Boston they attracted much attention, 
so much that the proprietor of the Museum conceived the idea of mak- 
ing an honest penny out of the curiosity they had awakened. He ap- 
plied to Blake, and through him made an arrangement to have them 
visit the Museum on an evening appointed. The public were duly 
advertised of the fact, and the rooms of the museum were thronged 
long before the hour of the arrival of the chiefs. On their passage into 
the hall, Blake, who was conducting them, overheard a young lady ex- 
press a desire to examine the dress of Neptune, which consisted of a 
splendid scarlet frock, confined about the waist by a girdle of wam- 
pum, Indian leggings or stockings, and moccasins, the borders of all 
which were beautifully wrought with beads. The General told her 
she should be gratified, at the same time warning her that after she 
had examined the dress she should withdraw herself itnmediately, as 
the chief was an exceedingly wild fellow, and he could not be held 
accountable for what he might do. Then signing Neptune, and giving 
him the wink, he told the lady she could examine tlie garment. She 
looked with great caution, and when Blake saw she was about conclud- 
ing her examination, he released the chief, who instantly seized the 
lady by the wrist, and cried, as if in triiunph: 

" Now you my squaw?"' 

The lady shrieked, and Neptune released her and passed on. 

On another occasion, during their visit at this time, a high civil func- 
tionary invited the chiefs to dine with several of his friends at his 
house. These friends were gentlemen and their wives, who were curi- 
ous to witness the practices of the aborigines at their repasts. And it 
is probable their curidsity was fully satisfied. These children of the 
forest eschewed knives and forks and all assistance, but thrust their 
fingers into whatever dish their fancy dictated, and helped themselves 
without regard to time, ceremony, or the distance of the food coveted. 
To repeated inquiries of their host if they would take cider, they ga\'e a 
negative grunt. At last one of them, probably disgusted with the 
sound of cider, looked up and cried fiercely : 

" Davis, why you no hav' um lum |runi]?" 

MUNICIPAL ORC;.\NUATION,'*' 

Oldtown was originally, and for many years, a part of 
Orono, which was erected as a town March 12, 1806. A 
division of the large and cumbrous municipality was 
mooted as early as 1830, when it contained 1,473 inhab- 
itants. In that year a town meeting was called to con- 
sider the subject of separation, and a committee of three 
was apjiointed to report a boundary for the new town. 
With a singular want of judgment, the committee had 
been named altogether from the residents on the Still- 
water ; and the lines they selected and reported were 

* The facts embraced in the remainder of this chapter are derived 
almost exclusively, with the kind permission of the author, from the 
valuable .Sketches of Oldtown, published in t88i by the veteran resident 
and Justice of the Peace at Oldtown village, David Norton, Esq. 



45 S 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the following : "Beginning at the southeast corner of 
Lot No. 6 ; thence west to the middle of Stillwater 
River; thence up the river to the norlh line of the Barker 
tract; thence west to the town line." Nothing further 
came of this agitation. 

About 1839 a fresh movement was made for subdi- 
vision ; and in that year a large and more judiciously dis- 
persed committee was authorized to report another pro- 
posed boundary for the new town. It was composed of 
Messrs. Benjamin Shaw, Levi Hamblen, John B. Smith, 
Nathaniel Treat, Israel Washburn, Jr., Ira Wadleigh, and 
Joshua Lunt, Jr. They selected the lines adopted in 
the act of incorporation the next year, March 16, 1840, 
as follow : 

"Beginning at the Penobscot River, on the south line 
of Lot No. I, according to Paik Holland's survey; thence 
west to the centre of Marsh Island ; thence north by the 
centre line, to the north line of Lot No. 5; thence west 
to Stillwater River ; thence across said river to the north 
line of Ard Godfrey's lot (settlers' lot No. 23); thence 
west, by the north line of said Godfrey's lot, and contin- 
ued to the south line of the Barker tract ; thence 
west by the south line of said tract, to Pushaw Lake; 
thence across the lake to Lot Letter A ; thence by 
the shore of the lake to the west line of Orono, — all 
north of said line to compose the territory of Old- 
town." 

These boundaries remain substantially the same, 
though in the winter of 1842-43 the Legislature changed 
them somewhat on one side by anne.xing "the Moor 
Tract " of about two thousand acres, from Argyle, though 
the Oldtown people had expressly voted not to admit the 
proposed annexation. Interested parties doubtless lob- 
bied the scheme through the Legislature. 

The new town, rather absurdly, it would seem, at first 
blush, received the name of Oldtown. It was highly fit- 
ting, however, that thus the designation of the ancient 
seat of empire in the Penobscot Valley, the probable 
capital of the Tarratine and later Penobscot domination, 
should be honorably recognized and perpetuated. 

The act of incorporation, like other statutes of Maine, 
required thirty days after passage to be of full force and 
effect; but the inh.Tbitants were impatient to exercise 
their independent sovereignty, and met on the 26th of 
March, 1840, only ten days after the date of the act, to 
organize the town. It required subsequent action of the 
Legislature, which was obtained the next winter, to legal- 
ize the proceedings. 

At this primal meeting of the new towns-people, Niran 
Bates was Moderator, and John H. Hilliard Clerk. 
Messrs. Samuel Cony, Joshua Wood, and Samuel Pratt 
were chosen Selectmen; Asa Smith, Treasurer, and John 
B. Smith Collector, with a compensation of one and one- 
fourth per cent, upon his collections. A liberal spirit 
was manifested in appropriations. It had been necessary, 
in making the separation, to assume a share of the pub- 
lic indebtedness of Orono, of which $6,600 were turned 
over to Oldtown. This meeting voted $4,000 toward the 
extinction of this; for schools, $400; for the poor, $750; 
for contingent expenses, $1,200; and for roads, to be 



paid in labor, $500. The town was now fully and hope- 
fully embarked upon the current of history. 

ANNALS OF OLDTOWN. 

For sixty-five 5'ears these must deal simply with the 
tract or region now covered by the town, rather than with 
its civil organization as at present, which, as we have just 
seen, was not acomplished until 1840. We also leave 
principally out of sight the Penobscot Indians and their 
village on Oldtown Island. They form, it is true, an im- 
portant element in the history of this part of the valley; 
but they have, for the most part, received sufficient at- 
tention elsewhere. 

1774. Mr. Norton names John Marsh as the pioneer 
of white permanent settlement in this quarter, although 
his home was not on the present soil of Oldtown. Mr. 
Norton says: 

Some time in tlie latter part of the eigliteentli century, Joiin Marsh 
.-ippeared here, — or, as some authorities say, in 1774. — and made a set- 
tlement at tlie foot of Marsli Island, and lived for some years in inti- 
mate and friendly relations with the Indians, learning their language 
and frequently acting as an interpreter for tlieni. His deportment was 
such as to win their unbounded confidence, and for favors bestowed and 
services rendered to tliem they proposed to make him a liberal com- 
pensation, and affi.fed their marlis to an instrument which was repre- 
sented to them as being a petition to the General Court of Massachu- 
setts to grant to Marsh a lot of land upon this island: but when the 
document reached its destination it was ascertained to be a petition, in 
the form of a deed, for the grant of the whole of the island. In com- 
pliance with the terms of the petition the State made the grant, and 
from that time forth the island has obtained and still bears the name of 
Marsh Island. 

When the Indians discovered the imposition that had been practiced 
upon them, they made an effort to be revenged upon Marsh, and made 
an attempt upon his life. He was obliged to keep out of their way for 
some time, in order to avoid the consequences of their just indignation. 
But treachery in time, sooner or later, is sure to meet its jnst reward. 
.All of this great inheritance, so fraudulently obtained, the most of it 
slipped out of his hands during his lifetime, and but a small lot, if any- 
thing, remains in the possession of his descendants. 

Among other pioneers coming during the latter part of 
the last century or the fore part of this, but whose dates 
of arrival cannot now be definitely fixed, were Richard 
Winslow and Moses Brown. The former was the first 
settler upon the site of Oldtown village, and was one of 
the first Selectmen of Orono, chosen in 1806, the same 
year he moved away. Brown also resided at the village, 
where he built the house still standing and still owned by 
his heirs on Brunswick street, just north of the Folsom 
residence. He was in the affair at Hampden during the 
War of 1812, was the last man to leave the field, and it 
is said that he fired a parting shot at the British as they 
were crossing the bridge in Hampden, on their way to 
Bangor. 

1775. A reservation was made this year by the State 
of Massachusetts, for the Penobscot Indians, of a strip 
six miles wide, on both sides of the river, from its mouth 
up and through this region as far north as the tribe 
claimed. 

1 78 1. This act, and the other politic measures of the 
patriots, secured the friendliness of the Penobscots dur- 
ing the Revolution. In this year Orono, "the blue-eyed 
chief," sent at his own cost an expedition to Machias, to 
warn the inhabitants of the threatening neighborhood of 
a British fleet. The expense of this friendly act was 



I 




C^BM^. 



■C'Cd-o^yn' 





Residence of A, P Folsom M J). Oldtown, Penobscot Co unty. Me 




-- ^ _ ■'W ■%.: :' --j^-^ 



Residence of Major M. M, Folsom, Oldtown, Penobscot County. Me. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



459 



afterwards repaid him from the treasury of Massachu- 
setts. 

1796. Another treaty with the Indians relinquished 
all their title to lands on the river, from Nichols's Rock, 
Eddington, the head of tidewater, for thirty miles up, ex- 
cept the islands. 

•1798. The pioneer Winslow built a double saw-mill, 
to run by water, upon the privilege near the Oldtown 
carry, which was afterwards sold to N. L. & S. Williams. 

Some time before iSoo single saw-mills were built at 
Uppei Stillwater by General Joseph Treat and Joshua 
Fall. The former was a large land-owner in that region. 
His mill stood on the west of the Stillwater, just where a 
mill now is. His own was a slight construction, and 
lasted only about ten years. Mr. Fall built on the west 
side of Marsh Island, on the front of original Lot No. 
12, of which Mark Trafton and John Bright were after- 
wards owners. Mills were repeatedly built and burned 
upon this site until 1878, when another fire occurred, 
from the effects of which the local industry has not re- 
covered. 

1800. Although the region had been settled for a 
quarter of a century, it is not known as a matter of rec- 
ord that any white child was born here until this year, 
when an official entry declares that Hannah Lunt was 
born February 23, 1800. The next were Adah Tucker, 
born February 21, 1801, and Rebecca Tucker, born 
March 13, 1801. The first male child "of record" is 
Seth Orcut, born May 25, 1802. The next five recorded 
whites, 1805 to 1809, inclusive, are all Averills. Popula- 
tion must have increased slowly, in the natural way, in 
those days, or else records were carelessly kept. 

Some time early in this century, a double saw-mill was 
built at the lower Oldtown village by William Dall, which 
by and by became the property of Colonel Eben Web- 
ster and his brother. Mills were maintained most of the 
time upon this site until 1S77, when the final touch of 
conflagration was put to them. A door, sash, and blind 
factory was added by Rufus Dwinel in 1861, but this 
went up in the great fire on the day of President Lin- 
coln's obsequies, April 19, 1865. 

1806. Jackson Davis came. He bought all the land 
and mill property of Richard Winslow, who moved away. 
Davis was the first Justice of the Peace commissioned 
here, and was one of the agents of the PenobscoT: In- 
dians in 1 82 1. He was a Quaker, with all the kindness, 
gentleness, and benevolence of his sect. 

Colonel Eben Webster came about the same time, or 
soon after. He bought the Dall mill at the lower village, 
as before stated, and built a dwelling on the site of Saw- 
yer's cooper-shop. He was an officer in the militia, and 
commanded a part of the American force in the Hamp- 
den skirmish. The "Webster Dam," rebuilt by him in 
18 1 7, took its name from him. 

1816. Ira and Jesse Wadleigh, brothers, came. 
They remained in business partnership here till about 
1855. Ira early opened a hotel on the southeast corner 
of the Roberts acre, where the cellar is yet to be seen. 
In 1823 he built a larger inn, which was burned in 
1874. He was the first postmaster at the village, and 



kept the office till he leased his tavern in 1834, and re- 
moved to Massachusetts. He became rich here in lum- 
bering and other business, and himself supplied more 
than five thousand dollars to the means with which the 
Episcopal church was built. 

1817. Moses Averill came to Upper Stillwater with his 
father, and built a saw-mill at the head of the island, 
where the mud-sills still remain, though the mill has not 
been going since 1825. He was Town Clerk of Orono 
ten years, a Selectman sixteen years, and one of the first 
justices of the peace in Oldtown. 

1818. The Indians conveyed to Massachusetts the 
rest of the lands, except four townships and the islands, 
for about one thousand five hundred dollars annuity in 
goods. The obligations of the treaty were assumed by 
Maine, after the separ.ition. 

1820. Dr. D. H. Fairbanks came about this time. 
At first he was a common laborer, but by industrious 
self-training became a successful root and herb doctor. 
He was a noted local politician, the first Jackson Dem- 
ocrat developed in the town. 

1825. Messrs. N. L. & L. Williams built the third 
double mill upon the Winslow water-privilege near the 
carry. It obtained, for some reason now unknown, the 
name of "the Tide Mill." 

By this time, and previous to this year, John Roberts 
& William Ingalls put up a double saw-mill at the lower 
village, on the island side. It ceased its usefulness by 
1832, and was burned in 1841. 

Marsh Island was this year designated by the proper 
authority as the limits of a militia company, and the first 
one here was organized. The election of officers was held 
June 20, 1S24, and resulted in the choice of Richard H. 
Bartlett Captain, Andrew Griffin Lieutenant, and Thomas 
G. Clark Ensign. In 1837 the company limits weie ex- 
tended to the west line of the town. Four or five years 
after that, the company|disbanded. 

John B. Morgan, a blacksmiih and waterman, came. 
He made a fortune during the land speculations 1S32- 
38, and founded the Bank of Oldtown, of which he was 
President. The Bank building yet standing in the 
village was built expressly for it. He alone paid five 
hundred dollars for the first Congregational church bell, 
which went to wreck in the great fire of 1S65. 

Also came Dr. Daniel J. Perley, who, says Mr. Norton, 
was held to be a learned man and an able practitioner. 
He too made money here, at one time being esteemed 
worth fifty thousand dollars. 

1825. A number of lumbermen obtained a charter 
and constructed the Argyle Boom. Two years afterwards 
Rufus Dwinel bought the franchise, procured a new 
charter in 1832, and built the present boom at Pea Cove, 
in a most advantageous situation. This property, then 
owned solely by General Veazie, was sold in 1847 to 
David Pingree and others for ninety thousand dollars. 
Five years before it had been inspected by the Legislature, 
and found to have cost, in material and construction, 
$6s,373-77. This had increased to $100,504.27 by 1854. 
In that year an association of lumbermen leased the 
boom for fifteen years, and the lease was renewed in 1869 



460 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



for a like period. The smallest amount of logs rafted 
through it for twenty-five years was in its second year, 
1834 — 10,242,000 feet; the largest amount in 1855 — 
181,809,000. 

Came this year: Nathaniel Haynes, lawyer, who staid 
about two years, when he removed to Bangor, where 
he became son-in-law of the historian Williamson ; and 
Dr. James C. Bradbury, a skillful physician and surgeon, 
and during the Rebellion one of the State Board of Ex- 
aminers for army surgeons. During or before this year, 
also, must have come Amos M. Roberts, of the firm 
of Bartlett & Roberts, and long President of the 
Eastern Bank in Bangor; also James Purinton, a 
stone-mason, who was here as early as 1825, and 
some of whose work yet remains in the village. Edward 
Smith — '"No. 6 Smith," from his purchase of Township 
No. 6, Range 10, at five cents an acre — was here for 
same years before 1830, and must have come in not far 
from this year. 

1826. General Veazie moved in from Topsham, 
bought all the landed and milling interests here of Jack- 
son Davis, and Daniel Davis's interests upon the falls at 
Marsh Island, thus acquiring nearly all the privileges upon 
them. 

The shore road from Oldtown to Orono was built. "Be- 
fore that time there was but a bridle path, and travel and 
transportation was a difficult operation, except in winter." 

1828. The Bennoch road, north into Argyle, was 
built this year. 

William H. Smith came. He was at first a batteau- 
maker, but went into lumbering, and soon amassed a 
fortune. He became principal stockholder and Presi- 
dent of the Lumberman's Bank. /Vfter long residence 
in Bangor, he moved to Brooklyn, New York, where he 
now lives. 

As early as this year William Jameson was here. He 
had a tannery, and was also a lumberman at Upper Still- 
water, which is said to owe much of its progress and 
prosperity to him. He lived in the present Joshua Buck 
dwelling, which he built. He was father of the late 
Brigadier-General Charles D. Jameson, who was born in 
Oldtown. 

Asa, probably also Colonel William, Smith came. The 
latter was an officer of militia, and in 1830 built the 
present Codman House, near the Milford Bridge, which 
he kept for twenty years. Asa was a carpenter, and was 
the master-builder of the first Congregational meeting- 
house erected on "Mt. Carmel." He was for many 
years a constable here. Major Joseph L. Smith, of Old- 
town, candidate for Governor in 1868, and several other 
reputable and wealthy men, here and elsewhere, are 
among his sons. 

1829. Jeremiah Perley came. He was a lawyer, and 
the author of Periey's Justice, a work of authority as a 
guide for Justices of the Peace in Maine until the statutes 
were revised in 1842. He is also remembered as a 
thorough-going, flat-footed temperance man, even at that 
early period in the history of the reform. 

1830. The toll-bridge between Oldtown and Milford 
was constructed this year. 



A town-meeting was called to consider the subdivision 
of Orono. Fuller notice of it is given above. 

About this time came Dr. James Temple, a scholariy 
Scotchman of fine promise, but who survived here but a 
few years; also Henry Richardson, who in 1833, with A. 
W. Kennedy, put up the well-known Richardson & 
Kennedy Block, in the village. Beginning humbly, he 
became a prominent man — was Selectman, Indian Agent, 
State Senator, and finally one of the Executive Council. 
Levi Young, a lumberman, now of Ottawa, Canada, and 
- believed to be worth half a million, also came about this 
year. Levi Hoskins, a dry goods merchant here for a 
time, was also on the ground, but had come a while be- 
fore. He stuck the riding switch which he brought from 
New Brunswick one day into the corner of his lot in the 
village, where it became the present magnificent tree of 
more than four feet diameter, and the progenitor of 
all willows of that kind in town. A capital anecdote of 
him is related of him in Mr. Norton's book, as also in 
Judge Godfrey's chapter on the Bench and Bar, in this 
volume. 

1832. The Veazie Block, of three stores, in the vil- 
lage, was built by General Samuel Veazie. 

The church edifice on Mt. Carmel was begun this year, 
and finished in 1833. It was built by funds contributed 
by members of various denominations, but upon com- 
pletion passed under control of the Congregationalists. 
The structure was burned in the fire of '65, but rebuilt 
promptly the next year. 

The Oldtown Railway Company procured a charter 
this year, to make a railroad to Bangor. They graded 
])art of the route along the river to Orono, and did some 
bridging, but in 1835 sold everything to the Bangor & 
Piscataquis Canal & Railroad Company, for $50,000, 
which was never paid. 

Liquor licenses had heretofore been voted by the town 
(Orono) ; but this year, mainly through the efforts of Mr. 
Perley, it was voted that none should be granted — a fore- 
shadowing of the Prohibitory Law that was to come four- 
teen years later. 

George W. Ingersoll, an able lawyer- and an ardent 
Whig, came and remained some years. He was Collector 
of the Port of Bangor under President Tyler, and be- 
came Attorney-General of the State in i860, the year of 
his death. 

1833. Another good lawyer — though "not a brilliant 
advocate," says Mr. Norton-^came this year, in the per- 
son of Samuel Cony, afterwards legislator. Judge of 
Probate, State Treasurer, and one of the "War Gover- 
nors" of the State. 

William T. Hilliard, lawyer and Clerk of the Courts 
for twelve years from 1847, was also an immigrant of this 
year. 

A charter was obtained this year for the Bangor & 
Piscataquis Canal & Railroad Company to build a canal 
and railroad from the former place to the Piscataquis 
River and the slate quarries in Piscataquis county. Con_ 
struction began in 1834, on a route back from the river^ 
and it was finished the next year, being the second rail- 
way built in the country. "The first track was laid with 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



461 



wooden rails, with an iron rail three-fourths of an inch 
thick on the top. The first two engines were of English 
build, weighing six or eight tons each.'' 

Amos M. Roberts and Thomas Bartlett, both of this 
settlement, were appointed by the State authorities as 
Commissioners to buy from the Indians their four town- 
ships on the mainland. They were purchased accord- 
ingly for $50,000, which IS a permanent fund for the 
benefit of the tribe, at six per cent interest, which is paid 
annually in April. 

The Orono Company was organized this year, for mill- 
ing and manufacturing, and bought all the privileges and 
power at Upper Stillwater, with a slight exception. 
Among its enterprises it built a block of mills running 
five saws on the site of the old General Treat mill at 
Upper Stillwater, which has some note as the first block 
on the river that was put under one roof. It was burnt 
in 1863, but was rebuilt. The same year Dwinel, Sawyer 
& Co. put u\) a double mill at Great Works, and the next 
year five more mills, all covering twelve saws. They 
were burned in 1856. 

The Richardson & Kennedy Block in the village, com- 
prising four stores, was erected this year. 

1834. Wadleigh & Furinton bought the Indian in- 
terest in Shad and Pine Islands, and built a block of 
mills, with six saws, just outside of the Veazie mills, 
of three of which they took possession, alleging that the 
General had trespassed upon their privilege at Pine 
Island. A fifteen years' lawsuit, and a very costly one, 
was the result. A single retainer to Daniel Webster was 
$1,000, which was paid by a cargo of lumber to his 
Marshfield place. 

The Congregational Society was organized this year, 
September 24. 

The Oldtown Light Infantry was organized. Its first 
Captain was George W. Cummings, afterwards Colonel. 
Captain Ephraim B. Pierce was his successor, under 
whom the company was disbanded. 

In January came John H. Hilliard, lawyer, long a 
partner here with his brother, William T. Hilliard, and 
still a resident, though much disabled by rheumatism. 
He has filled a number of the town offices, and been 
County Attorney and a member of the Legislature. 

In December, on the last day of the year, came 
David Norton, the faithful and intelligent local historian 
to whom we and the readers of this book are so greatly 
indebted. He became a clerk, was afterwards a grocery- 
man, then eleven years clerk for General Veazie at the 
Boom, and otherwise engaged there for fifteen years 
more. He was two years Town Clerk, four years Select- 
man, Collector of Taxes thirteen years, and Justice of 
the Peace and. Quorum or Trial Justice for the long period 
of thirty-five years. His Sketches of Oldtown grew out 
of a response at a Fourth of July entertainment in 1879 
to the toast, "Reminiscences of Oldtown." 

1835. The Upper Stillwater toll-bridge was built. Mr. 
Norton says: 

It was an X-work bridge, strengtliened by circular braces, which were 
too long to allow the bridge to settle into its proper position; the con- 
sequence was it toppled over sidewise and fell down. It was rebuilt in 
1836, and was maintained as a toll-bridge until 1870, when it was pur- 



chased by the town for the sum of $2,000, and made a free bridge. 

The three shore mills at the falls were burned in De- 
cember. 

Messrs. J. N. and A. Cooper built their block of mills 
at Pushaw village this year. It contained one gang and 
three single saws, with ample machinery for making short 
lumber. This was the origin of the village. The mills 
have never been burned, but the whole of the main dam 
was swept out in 1877, and has not yet been replaced. 

The Baptist church was organized this year. 

Dr. Niran Bates came about this time, and remained 
in fair practice here a dozen years or more. 

1836. The Penobscot River Railroad Company was 
chartered, to build an iron way from Bucksport to Mil- 
ford, with branches reaching across the river to Bangor, 
Stillwater, Great Works, and Oldtown. Nothing tangible 
ever came of the scheme. 

Samuel Godfrey built his steam-mill on the front of Lot 
21, below Grass Island, uwon a site ever since known as 
" Steam Mill Point." It was burned in the autumn of 
1837, and not rebuilt. 

1837. The Rines Block, comprising six tenements, 
was erected, and stood until the great fire of 1865, when 
it was burned. 

The Methodist Episcopal class was formed, which pre- 
pared the way for a church in 1843. 

The great financial crisis of this year compelled the 
Bank of Oldtown to suspend. 

Rufus Dwinel came from Lisbon. He did not long 
reside here, but maintained extensive business interests 
in this quarter for many years. 

183S. George O. Brastow came. He was a trader for 
a while in the Richardson & Kennedy Block. He after- 
wards removed to Somerville, Massachusetts, where he 
became Mayor and a member of the Legislature. 

1839. Messrs. Edward and Samuel Smith put up their 
mill at Shad Rips, on the east side of Treat & Webster's 
Island. It had a peculiar method of obtaining power 
" by a water-wheel extended across a sluice outside of 
the mill, so constructed that it could be raised or lowered 
to accommodate any pitch of water, and was turned by 
the current as it flowed under the wheel." The novelty 
was not a financial success, however. In 1842 the mill 
was burned. 

A committee was appointed to report a boundary for 
a new town, which subsequently became the limit of 
Oldtown. 

1840. Oldtown was incorporated March 16. F'irst 
town meeting, March 26. The population of the new town 
this year was 2,345. Ten years before Orono, contain- 
ing both the present Oldtown and Orono, had but 1,473. 
There had been some growth meanwhile. 

The Star in the East Lodge of Free and Accepted Ma- 
sons was formed. Mr. Norton says: "It has maintained 
a prosperous existence through the past years, and now 
numbers 158 members." 

The Washingtonian (temperance) Society was also 
formed about this time, under the leadership of John B. 
Smith and others. It was a very popular association, 
increased its numbers rapidly, and did much good. 



^pj 



462 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






1842. A Board of Selectmen was chosen by the tem- 
perance advocates, on the reform issue. Says Mr. Nor- 
ton: "Since that time, whenever the question of tem- 
perance has been the issue, the town has uniformly voted 
on that side." 

1843. Cyrus Moore buiU a mill on Pushaw Stream, 
in the north part of the town, where he had a large prop 
erty in land. It is still in existence. 

The Universalist parish was organized. 

1845. The old and unoccupied tannery building 
erected by Abner Dearborn more than twenty years be- 
fore was torn down by the people, ostensibly through 
fear of fire. 

The first services of the Protestant Episcopal church 
in Oldtown were held this year. 

The Tarratine Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd 
Fellows was organized. " It has always been one of the 
most prompt lodges in the jurisdiction, and now numbers 
eighty members in good standing." 

Dr. Charles Fortier, a Canadian Frenchman, came 
about this time, and remained in successful practice here 
till he died. 

1846. This was the year of the great flood. M. 
Norton says of its ravages in this region: 

The river continued to fill up over the Great Works and Oldtown 
Falls, on and over the Quoik and Sunkhaze rips. The last important 
object of destruction was the Oldtown and Milford toll-bridge, which 
was taken from its foundation in the same manner as the Bangor 
bridge, and took up its march down the river. 

1847. A vote of two thousand six hundred dollars 
was made by the town to the Pushaw bridge, w^ich was 
built this year. 

The Wadleigh block of mills was burned in .\pril, 
and rebuilt by General Veazie in 1872. 

The Bangor & Orono Railroad Company was incorpo- 
rated, to construct a road from Bangor to Stillwater vil- 
lage. Orono voted aid to the amount of twenty-five 
thousand dollars. In 1850 the project was extended to 
include Oldtown, Milford, and Bradley, and the title al- 
tered to the Penobscot Railroad Company. Its franchise 
was bought by the European & North American Rail- 
way in 1863. 

1848. Navigation was opened by stern-wheel steamer 
from Oldtown to Winn. The first vessel was built here 
the preceding winter, and called the Governor Neptune, 
from the Penobscot Indian John Neptune, then head of 
the tribe. A larger steamer, the Governor Dana, was 
put on the route by General Veazie in 1849. Three 
other boats — the Mattanawcook, Sam Houston, and Wil- 
liam N. Ray — were built by the original proprietors, 
Wyman B. S. and William Moore, who sold out in 1858 
to William H. Smith and others. The latter built for 
this line the John A. Peters and the Lizzie Smith. In 
1867 the company was bought off by the European & 
North American Railroad, to remove op.oosition. A 
boat is occasionally run, however, to carry bark and 
other material to the up-river tanneries. 

The Oldtown Rifle Company was raised under the act 
of Legislature passed this year. N. H. Sawtelle"was the 
first Captain; Winslow Staples the next and last. The 



I 



men were furnished with excellent rifles by the State, 
which disappeared with the company. 

1849. The Union Academy of Oldtown was in- 
corporated, and buildings for it were erected. The 
Academy was maintained but about three years, however; 
Mr. Thomas Tash, Principal. The property was con- 
vtycd to the school district in 1873, under the act for 
fr^e high schools, when the building was remodeled and 
a public school maintained therein. 

The Episcopal parish of St. James Church was organ- 
ized November 7. A lot was bought, and the building 
of a church edifice begun. 

The Kirkland (Hudson since 1854) road was built, 
at an expense of $1,000. 

A public hearse house was built, costing $200. 

A committee was appointed to consider the subject of 
a town house. 

David C. Merrick, a shoemaker, came. He was a sol- 
dier in the late war, and then went South to live. 

1850. A Town House was voted, to be built by the 
lowest bidder. It was not put up, however, until 1870, 
when a neat structure was erected on the corner of Mid- 
dle and Brunswick streets, at a cost of about $12,000, 
raised from the sale of bonds received from the State on 
account of war bounties. 

The European & North American Railway was char- 
tered. 

Population of the town, 3,087. 

1852. The Roman Catholics, who had heretofore wor- 
shipped, whites and Indians alike, in the chapel on Old- 
town Island, built a church near the cemetery at Great 
Works, for the people on the shore. It was removed in 
1870 to lower Oldtown, where it now is, with a handsome 
addition made in 1877. 

The Oldtown & Lincoln Railroad Company was in- 
corporated to build a road to Mattawamkeag. Its fran- 
chise was afterwards transferred to the European & North 
American Railway Company. 

1853. General Veazie made an improvement at the 
falls, beginning at the Wadleigh block of mills and run- 
ning a continuous block to the shore, the whole covering 
sixteen saws. This was burned in June, 1878, and no 
part of it has yet been rebuilt, though a company lias 
been formed for the restoration of profitable industry at 
this important point. 

The Episcopal church was consecrated, February 2, 
1853, by the Rt. Rev. George Burgess, Bishop of the dio- 
cese. It cost about $8,000. 

The road to Argyle was made, costing $700. 

1854. The Baptist church was built, largely through 
the energies of Elder Charles Blanchard, who was pastor 
of the society for ten years. The old church had been 
made many years before, out of the Lovejoy School- 
house. Both were burned in the fire of 1865. 

1855. The J. C. Bradbury Block, of five stores, was 
built. 

1856. The bridge thrown by the Penobscot Railroad 
Company across the river at Oldtown was destroyed by 
the ice this spring. 

1858. The Aroostook Railroad Company was char- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK 



463 



tered, to extend the road already built to Oldtown from 
that point or Miiford to some point in Aroostook county. 
Its franchise was ultimately absorbed by the Euro])ean 
& North American Railway. 

The T. M. Chapman Block, with five stories, was pat 
up. 

The Union church was built at Upper Stillwater b\ 
the Baptists and Universalists. 

The new prohibitory liquor law was submitted to the 
people this year. The vote in Oldtown was : For it, 96; 
against it, S. 

1S59. A vote on the question of aid to the Aroostook 
Railroad project resulted : Yeas, 516 ; nays, 21. 

The Congregational church was organized at Upper 
Stillwater October 6. 

i860. Population, 3,860. Polls, 623. Estates, $556,- 

903- 

1861. The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad Company 

was incorporated. 

The town began to do its duty grandly to the Union 
in the hour of its trial. The following resolutions were 
passed at a town meeting held May 2 : 

That it is the duty of the inhabitants of this town, in their corporate 
capacity, to do whatever is in their power to aid the Chief Magistrate 
of the United States in the full enforcennent of the laws, and the Chief 
Magistrate of this State in complying with such requisitions as may 
fiom time to time be made upon him, for forces to repel invasion or 
suppress insurrection in any State in the Union. 

That the sum of $5,000 is hereby appropriated out of any money in 
our treasury, to provide for the support of the families of citizens of 
this town enlisting in the ser\'ice of the United States under the act of 
April 25, 1861. and to aid in support of soldiers thus enlisting, who 
have no families in this town, before they are called into said service. 

1862. It was voted to pay $30 bounty to each 
volunteer, when mustered in, and a loan of $2,000 for 
bounties was authorized. The bounty was raised to 
$100 July 28, and the loan to $4,000. The ne.xt twenty 
recruits after August 30 were to receive $20 apiece, and 
$2,000 for soldiers' families were voted. 

1863. For the same purpose $3,500 were voted. A 
debt of $4,700 had now been contracted for bounties, 
but it was nevertheless, November 23, voted to borrow 
enough more to give $200 to each of fifty volunteers 
needed to fill the quota of Oldtown. 

The mill of the Orono Company, at Upper Stillwater, 
was burnt. 

1864. Loans were voted this year, of $10,000, to 
pay $400 bounties, $1,300 for aid in securing enlist- 
ments, and $3,000 for other bounties. 

A loan of $3,000, to aid in securing the location of 
the State College in Orono, was voted. 

1865. January 5, a bounty was voted of $300 to 
volunteers and drafted men, and of $25 to agents who 
would secure soldiers to fill the town's quota. 

It was necessary to vote $18,000 for contingent ex- 
penses this year, $1,200 for aid of soldiers' families, and 
$800 for recruiting expenses. 

The greatest fire in the history of Oldtown occurred 
this year, April 19, beginning in the Rines Block, just 
as the people were returning from a meeting to celebrate 
the obsequies of the murdered President, Mr. Lincoln. 
A high wind was prevailing, and the destruction was not 



stayed until two churches, as many school-houses, one 
block of mills with six saws, a door and blind factory, 
the railway station, and twenty-two dwellings, had been 
licked up by the flames, with a loss to the village of more 
than $100,000. It was long before the place measurably 
recovered from this stroke. 

Mr. Thomas M. Chapman erected a steam mill, which 
he still runs, "supplied with machinery for doing all 
kinds of ironwork, except some of the heavier pieces. 
There is connected with the mill a shingle machine, 
stave-dressing machine, and all the appliances of a ma- 
chine-shop." 

1868. The first train into Oldtown on the European 
& North American Railway arrived in August. The 
road was completed to Mattawamkeag the next year. 

1869. The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad -was fin- 
ished to Dover. 

The Folsom Block, embracing seven stores, was built. 
The Temple of Honor was instituted here this year. 

1870. The last train on the old railroad from Bangor 
to Oldtown was run in June. 

The Catholic church was removed from near Great 
Works to the lower village. 

The Town Hall was voted, as before stated, and the 
boundary between this town and Argyle and Alton was 
run. 

A large steam saw-mill, costing over sixty thousand 
dollars, and running one gang and three single saws, with 
other machinery, was built at Upper Stillwater by Hamb- 
len, Lancaster, and others. It proved an unprofitable 
venture, and was run but a few weeks. 

The Ounegan Block, of five stores, was erected. 

Population, 4,072. Polls, 713. Estates, $684,308. 

187 1. This was a costly year for the bridges, and 
those over Pushaw and Birch Streams, and the Lancaster, 
Irving, and Meadow Brook bridges, had to be repaired or 
rebuilt, at a total cost to the town of eight thousand four 
hundred and sixty-one dollars. 

A new military company was formed under the act of 
1869, now called the Hersey Light Infantry. Melville 
M. Folsom, since Major, was its first captain. 

1S73. The railway bridge was blown down, and the 
same night a locomotive and tender, with four men, went 
into the river at the break. The engineer was killed, but 
the others escaped with trifling injuries. 

1874. The year of the temperance crusade. Among 
other reformatory measures in Oldtown, a Reform Club 
was organized, and the Temple of Honor, which had 
fallen into neglect, was revived. The Ladies' Union 
Temperance Crusade was formed about the same time. 
None of these is now in existence. 

The purchase of three "Little Giant" fire-engines was 
voted by the town. 

1S75. The Godfrey Block of Mills, built by the Orono 
Company in 1834, was burned. It had been hopelessly 
dilapidated since 1866. 

1876. The extensive repair and construction shops 
built by the European & North American Railway, near 
the station at the village, were burned. The new shops 
were erected at Mattawamkeag. 



464 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1878. The great block of mills at the falls, together 
with the Canal block, was totally destroyed by fire. 

The town voted not to license any one to sell spirit- 
uous liquor. 

1880. Population, 3,395. Polls, 499. Estates, $528,- 
109. 

1 88 1. The Oldtown Water-power Company was 
formed, mainly of Bangor capitalists, for the purchase 
and improvement of the Veazie property at the falls. A 
stone dam was to be constructed, also a canal, with large 
mills. 

The Sketches of Oldtown, by David Norton, Esq., 
were published at Bangor in a neat octavo volume. 

CIVIL LIST. 

Selectmen — 1840-41, Samuel Cony, Samuel Pratt, 
Joshua Wood; 1842-43, Samuel D. Hasty, Joseph H. 
Reed, Luther Stone; 1844, J. H. Hilliard, Samuel Mc- 
Lellan, N. Godfrey; 1845, Samuel Cony, John Rigby, 
Nathan Oakes; 1846, Rigby, Oakes, Rufus D. Folsom; 
1847, Rigby, Lore Alford, John McDonald; 1848, 
Newell Blake, R. D. Folsom, Robert Averill; 1849-50, 
David Norton, R. Averill, R. M. Woodman; 18-51, Asa 
Smith, Jr., Averill, Norton; 1852, Norton, Smith, Ave- 
rill; 1853, Albert G. Burton, R. Averill, Alden B. Weed; 
1S54, Burton, W. A. Ellis, W. N. Soper; 1855, Charles 
Blanchard, Samuel Pratt, Luther H. Averill; 1856, Pratt, 
Blanchard, Albert Plummer; 1857-58-59, Pratt, Wiloby 
Smith, Samuel W. Hoskins; i860, Nahum Godfrey, 
Moses Buck, Joseph L. Smith; 1861, Godfrey, Daniel Lunt, 
Alden B. Weed; 1862, Godfrey, Lunt, N. M. Hart- 
well; 1S63-64, Hartwell, R. Averill, D. G. Sawyer; 1865, 
J. H. Hilliard, Robert Ellis, Sawyer; 1866, Sawyer, 
Lunt, Hartwell; 1867, Sawyer, Hartwell, C. H. Miller; 
1868, Joseph L. Smith, Orimel Rogers, D. N. Esta- 
brook ; 1869, Sawyer, Rogers, Miller; 1870, Henry 
Brawn, Rogers, Charles A. Bailey; 1871-72, Brawn, 
James Andrews, J. A. Blanchard; 1873-74, Albert O. 
Brown, Eli Rigby, Blanchard; 1875-76, Brown, Otis 
Reed, Blanchard; 1877, George T. Sewall, James W. 
Dutton, Blanchard; 1878, Sewall, Button, George W. 
Garland; 1879-80-81, Sewall, Frank Hamblen, D. G. 
Sawyer. 

Treasurers — 1840, Asa Smith; 1841, Benjamin Cush- 
nian; 1842-44, John Rigby; 1845-46, Silas Stowe; 1847- 
48, W. R. Young; 1849-51, Hiram Smith; 1852, Samuel 
W. Hoskins; 1853, Ephraim B. Pierce; 1854, J. A. 
Purinton; 1855-58, Pierce; 1859-75, George F. Dilling- 
ham; 1876, C. E. Rogers; 1877-78, Dillingham; 1879-81, 
James W. Waldron. 

Collectors — 1840, John B. Smith; 1841-43, Lore Al- 
ford; 1844, Samuel Pratt; 1845, Henry Morgan; 1846-48, 
James Y. Bakeman; 1849-50, Nahum Godfrey; 1851, 
David Norton; 1852-53, Bakeman; 1854-56, Godfrey; 
1857, Alford; 1858-61, Norton; 1S62, Hiram Smith; 
1864, Godfrey; 1865, Alford; 1866-67, H. Lancaster; 
1868-69, Norton; 1870, Benjamin F. Poor; 187 i, Norton; 
1872, James H. Gould; 1873-77, Norton; 1878, Pratt; 
1879-81, E. R. Alford. 

Clerks — 1840, John H. Hilliard; 1841 46, Charles Blan- 



chard; 1847-48, David Norton; 1849-52, Rufus D. Fol- 
som; 1852, Samuel W. Hoskins; 1853-56, James A. 
Purinton; 1857-61, John A. Blanchard; 1862, Samuel J. 
Oakes; 1863, Edwin R. Alford; 1864-65, Blanchard; 
1866, Richard V. Moore ; 1867, Albert H. Norris; 1868- 
72, Edward A. Pond; 1873-74, Charles H. Gray; 1875, 
George T. Sewall; 1877-79, Pond; 1880-81, James W. 
Waldron. 

The Postmasters at present are: Charles W. Bos- 
worth, Oldtown village; Albert Plummer, Upper Still- 
water; Charles G. McPhetres, West Great Works; John 
D. Bowley, Pea Cove. 

THE INDUSTRIES OF OLDTOWN 

are numerous and valuable. It had, at last return ofj 
statistics, si.x allopathic physicians, one homoeopathic, 
one electric, and one clairvoyant ; three civil engineers, 
two dentists, four lawyers, one notary, twelve justices; 
thirty-three merchants at the village, five at Upper StilU 
water, one firm at West Great Works, and one merchant; 
at Pea Cove. At Oldtown were thirty-seven manufactu-j 
rers and artisans, and at Upper Stillwater nine. Three 
persons were engaged in insurance; four kept livery 
stables, and three were barbers. One hotel, the Cod- 
man House, is kept by Ephraim Cousins. 

THE MINING COMPANIES 

here are the Oldtown Mining Company, with D, 
N. Estabrook, President; J. W. Waldron, Secretary; C. 
A. Bailey, Treasurer; and the E.xeter Mining Com- 
pany, with the same President, and Mr. J. A. Blan-j 
chard for Secretary and Treasurer. 

The societies of Oldtown, besides the religious, com 
prise the Star in the East Lodge F. & A. M.; the Tarra- 
tine Lodge I. O. O. F., with an Encampment at the vil- 
lage; the Good Samaritan Lodge I. O. G. T., at Old- 
town, and the Revival Lodge at Upper Stillwater ; the 
Rechab Social Temple, and the Alpha of O. A. C. 

OLDTOWN BIOGR.\PHIES. 

One of the leading lumbermen in Oldtown is Moses 
P. Wadleigh, who was born in this town and has alwaysi 
lived here. His father, Jesse R. Wadleigh, married 
Susan M. Grant. He came here from New Hampshire 
before he was married. They had six children, three 
sons and three daughters — Andrew, now in San Francis- 
co, California; Caroline, now Mrs. Jacob Bacon, of San 
Francisco also; Rufus D., of this town; Sarah F., de- 
ceased; Rufus, died in infancy. Jesse Wadleigh died in 
1874, and Mrs. Wadleigh in 1876. He was widely 
known as a lumberman. Moses P. AVadleigh was 
brought up in the same business, at which he still con- 
tinues. Jesse Wadleigh, his father, was for many years 
in the hotel business here with his brother Ira. They 
built the first extensive mills in town. These were 
burned, and they again built them u[). They lost by 
this fire one hundred thousand dollars. They took an 
active part in building the Episcopal church here. 
Moses Wadleigh married, for his first wife, Climena 
Moore, of this town. She died June 10, 1846, and Mr. 
Wadleigh married, for his second wife, Miss Emma T. 
Nesbett, daughter of John and Elizabeth Nesbett, of 






HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



465 



Boston, Massachusetts. Mr. Wadleigh lias three cliil- 
dren by his second wife now living — Moses \V., Leilh V., 
and Alfr&d R. Mr. Wadleigh not only cuts but manu- 
factures lumber. He is widely known all over the lumber 
region of the Penobscot. 

The former firm of Godfrey Brothers, of Oldtown, was 
composed of Fred N. and George L. Godfrey, sons of 
Nahum Godfrey, who came from Massachusetts to Old- 
town. Nahum Godfrey married Julia Welch, of Bath, 
Maine. They had seven children, five sons and two 
daughters, viz: Arthur B., George L., Mattie A., Laura 
E., Fred M., Edward, and Willie. Laura, Edward, and 
Willie are deceased. Nahum Godfrey died October 7, 
1879, and Mrs. Godfrey died in May, 1879. Fred M., 
who now carries on the grocery and provision business at 
the old stand, was born December 23, 1859. He mar- 
ried Angie Brown, daughter of George W. Brown, of Old- 
town. George L. Godfrey married Jessie Foss, daugh- 
ter of Aaron Foss, of Oldtown. Tjiey have one son, 
Harley by name. George L. is a surveyor of lumljer at 
the present time. 

Thomas H. Wiggin was born in Wellington, Somerset 
county, Maine, in 1823. He learned the trade of edge- 
tool-maker, and came to Penobscot county in 1844, 
where he settled on a farm. He now lives in the village 
of Levant, where, in company with his father, he en- 
gaged in the mercantile and lumbering business. Tiie 
partnership continued until the death of his father, when 
he took charge of the business and continued in trade 
until 187S, when he sold out to Alonzo Haskell and 
turned his attention to farming. He married Axie R. 
Campbell, a native of Brighton, and is the father of four 
children — Emma R., Hiram I)., Frank W. C., and Nellie 
J. Rev. Frank W. C. Wiggin was born in Levant in 
1856, where he received a common school education. 
He attended the Maine Central Institute, at Pittsfield, 
and was graduated in 1876. From Pittsfield he went to 
Bates College, at Lewiston, where he studied two years, 
and in 187S took charge of the Charleston Academy as 
Principal, which position he filled for two years, and also 
served as pastor of the church at that point. In 1879 
he was ordained a minister at Charleston, and went from 
Charleston to Milo, where he took charge of the Baptist 
church; also the church at Guilford Centre, where he re- 
mained about fifteen months, when he resigned and 
moved to Oldtown, and there took charge of the Baptist 
church as its pastor, which position he now occupies. In 
1879 he married Georgia A. Wiggin, a native of Stetson, 
and is the father of one child, Gracie P. 

The firm of D. G. Sawyer & Co. was formed in i86r. 
It consists of the brothers D. G. and Allen J. Saw- 
yer, sons of Daniel and Mary Sawyer, of Monroe, Waldo 
county. They came formerly from Limington to Waldo 
county. They had six children that grew to maturity — 
John, Nathaniel, Mary, Daniel G., Ephraim, and Allen 
J., all of whom are still living except John, who died 
about five years ago. Daniel G. Sawyer was born in 
1826, and Allen J. in 1816. Daniel G. married Hannah 
\V, Farnham, daughter of Charles Farnham, of New- 
burg, Maine. They have no cliildren. Allen J. married 

59 



for his first wife Miss Emily Baston in 1837, who died 
about 1873. Mr. Sawyer married for his second wife 
Mrs. Susan Hopkins, of Millord. Mr. Allen Sawyer has 
served many years as one of the Selectmen of his town, 
in which office he is still serving. Their present place 
of business is on the corner of Brown street and the 
County Road. 

\\'cllman Bosworlh, of Oldtown, was born in Hartford, 
Oxford count)', October 8, 18 10. His fiuher's name 
was Jonathan Bosworth. Jonathan and Mary Bosworth 
{me Wellman) had six children — Cyrus, now of Litch- 
field, Maine; Lydia, deceased; Jonathan, now of Hous- 
ton county, Minnesota; Mary, deceased; Noah, deceased; 
and Wellman. Jonathan Bosworth died in 18 11, and 
Mrs. Bosworth married Stephen Carr for her second hus- 
band, who died, and Mrs. Carr married for her third 
husband John Berry, by whom she had three children. 
Wellman Bosworth married Mary Steele, daughter of 
Andrew and Mary Steele, of Castine, Maine. He set- 
tled in Oldtown as a house carpenter, which business he 
has always followed. He has four children now living, 
having lost six, most of whom died in infancy. The 
names of the living are Amanda A.; Charles W., of Old- 
town; Sarah C, now Mrs. Hinkley, of Oldtown; and 
Aroline M. Mr. Bosworth is now seventy-one years old 
and is still able to conduct his present business of un- 
dertaker. 

Cornelius Murphy, of Oldtown, is a son of William 
Murphy, of New Brunswick. William Murphy married 
Catharine Henry. They had eleven children, eight of 
whom grew to maturity — Cornelius; William, now of 
Saginaw, Michigan; Henry, of California; James, in Port- 
land, Maine; Alice, now Mrs. S. P. Lovelace, of Port- 
land, Maine; Ellen, now in Portland; Annie, wife of M. 
D. McGinnis, of Bangor; Lizzie, of Portland. Cornelius 
Murphy was born March 21, 1840, and married Mrs. 
Mary A. Murphy, of Bangor, {nee Mary Mellen). They 
have had three children, two of whom are living — Wil- 
liam H. and Alice C. Mr. Murphy has always been en- 
gaged in the lumber business. 

A. T. Wing, of Oldtown, is the son of Silas B. and 
Sarah Wing, of Mount Vernon, Maine. They had six 
children, one son and five daughters, viz : Parmtha A., 
deceased; Francis M., also deceased; Amanda M., now 
Mrs. Moses M. Morse, of Auburn, Maine; Lucy J., de- 
ceased; Helen C, now Mrs. Donald McRay, of Stewiack, 
Nova Scotia; and Asa T., the youngest of the family. 
Asa T., or A. Thellow, as he usually writes it, was born 
May 16, 1838. He is by trade a carpenter and builder. 
He married Mary E. Sylvester, daughter of Jonathan 
Sylvester, of Levant, and has four children: Adelbert 
T., Roscoe H., Alonzo, and Eftie, all of whom are still 
living at home. Mr. Wing enlisted in 1862 in the First 
Maine Heavy Artillcr)', in which he served about three 
years; was wounded at Petersburg, receiving a grape-shot 
wound which confined him to the hospital over six 
months, and from the effects of which he receives a pen- 
sion. 

Mrs. Kate Conway {nee Landers), of Oldtown, is a 
daughter of James and Mary Landers, who came to 



466 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Bangor before the city was incorporated. They came 
from the city of Cork, Ireland. They had seven chil- 
dren, four sons and three daughters, viz : Margaret, 
deceased wife of James McCarron, of Bangor; James, 
now in Bangor; Kate; Michael C, also of Bangor, on 
the old homestead; Henry, also in Bangor; John, of 
Bangor; and Fannie M., wife of John Curran, of Jeffer- 
son, New Hampshire. Mr. Landers died in 1873 at the 
age of seventy-one, and Mrs. Landers is still living. Mr. 
Landers was run over by a runaway team while striving 
to stop them and save the ladies in the carriage. Mrs. 
Landers is one of the oldest survivors of the first Cath- 
olic society ever formed in Bangor. Mrs. Conway, now 
living in Oldtown, was born September 29, 1S43. She 
married Patrick H. Conway, of Oldtown, formerly of \ 
Fredericton, who was the son of Edward and Fannie 
Conway. They have one son now living, Harry by name, 
who was born March 3, 1876. Mr. Conway had one 
son by a former wife, Edward by name. Mrs. Conway 
came to Oldtown in 1S70, and opened a millinery and 
fancy goods store, in which business she has ever since 
continued. 

Nathaniel Reed, of Oldtown, is the son of Alfred and 
Martha Reed, of Bradley, Maine. They had eight 
children, seven sons and one daughter, viz : Henry; 
Josiah, of Holyoke, Massachusetts; Willard R., of Brad- 
ley; Sewall, of Holyoke; George, in Bradley; Nathaniel; 
and Lydia, now Mrs. S. Mansill, of Bradley. Nathaniel, 
the youngest of this family, was born January 14, 1839. 
Mr. Reed has always been engaged in the lumber bus- 
iness on the river here. He married Charlotte .S. How- 
ard, of Brewer. They have had one child, now deceased, 
Maud by name. Mr. Reed enlisted in 1861, and spent 
three years in the army in the First Maine Cavalry, Com- 
pany D, being in all the battles and engagements ot 
that regiment, except while at Belle Isle and Libby 
prison, where he was a prisoner for over a month. He 
received injuries from the falling of his horse, and was 
sent to the Howard Hospital, Washington, under Dr. 
Andersoll. He was with Colonel Dahlgren when he 
was killed. 

Isaac Haynes, of Oldtown, is the son of Isaac P. and 
Mary Haynes, of Passadumkeag, in this county. Isaac P. 
Haynes had twelve children, of whom only four are now 
living — Isaac; Hannah L., now Mrs. Charles E. Chap- 
man, of Orrington ; Ellen H., now Mrs. Jesse Gould, of 
South Weare, New Hampshire; Mary E., married A. P. 
Chapman, of Oldtown. Isaac Haynes was born July 10, 
1838. On becoming of age he went to steamboating on 
the St. John River, where he spent t'our years, when he 
came to the Penobscot and followed the same business 
until 1 866, when he bought out the watch and jewelry 
stand of Israel Miller, in which business he has ever since 
been engaged. He married Mary E. Babcock, daughter 
of John and Rachel D. Babcock, of Howland. They 
have one son, John E., now with his father in the store. 

H. M. Burnham, the druggist in Oldtown, is a son of 
Richard and Thankful Burnham, formerly of this town, 
though now Mr. Burnham is in Oregon. Richard Burn- 
ham came here from Franklin, Maine. Richard and 



Thankful Burnham had six children, four of whom lived 
to maturity — Josephine, now Mrs. F. Crosby, of Boston, 
Massachusetts; Darius, now in Washington Territory; 
Fannie, now Mrs. E. F. Tukey, of Boston, Massachu- 
setts; and Horace M. The latter was born in Orono, 
October 16, 1849. After completing his common school 
education he attended the Massachusetts College of 
Pharmacy, graduating in 1874, after which he returned 
to Oldtown, and bought the drug store where he is now 
on Brown street. In 1877 he married Miss Rowena 
Williams, daughter of Hezekiah Williams, of Skowhegan, 
Maine. They have three daughters — Agnes, Edna, and 
a baby not named. 

E. W. Conant, of Oldtown, is a son of Isaac Conant, 
of Winterport, Maine. He was born June 24, 1837, and 
went into lumber and stock business in Milford in 1858, 
and lived there eleven years. While here he married 
Carrie E. Bailey, of Milford, daughter of William Bailey. 
She died December 24, 1874. She left one child, Eddie 
A., npw fourteen years old. Mr. Conant moved here in 
1869, and engaged in the grocery business, in which 
he continued till April, 1880, when he began the manu- 
facture of shingles in Oldtown, in which business he has 
since continued. He, with Mr. White and others, built 
their present mill in 1879. This mill has a capacity of 
about twelve million shingles a year. 

Ephraim Cousins, who keeps the Codman House in 
Oldtown, is the only son of Ephraim and Abigail 
Cousins, of Trenton, Hancock county, Maine, where he 
was born May 27, 1830. He was formerly engaged in 
trade in Ellsworth, Maine, until 1869, when he came to 
Oldtown and engaged in the hotel and livery business, 
where he has since remained. He married Henrietta 
Pettingill, daughter of Eliphalet and Harriet Pettingill, of 
Sullivan. They have three children, viz: Agnes; George, 
now keeping the hotel in Milford, Maine; and Frank, 
who is at home. The Codman House is now kept by 
him. It is on Front street, and the only hotel in town. 
It is a well-kept house. 

George W. Weston, of Oldtown, is a son of George 
and Rebecca Weston. George Weston has long lived in 
Oldtown and Milford. He has four children living, hav- 
ing lost two in early life. The names of the living are 
John Oscar, of Oldtown; Charles A., of Minnesota; 
George W., and Mary A., at home. George W. was born 
December i, 1859. He is engaged in the mill at Upper 
Stillwater at the present time, running a shingle machine. 
He has always worked in the mills here and at Oldtown. 

Mr. Orimil Rogers, who has long been one of the 
prominent men of Upper Stillwater, was born in the town 
of Knox, Waldo county, Maine, June 13, 1810. His 
father, Robert Rogers, was a native of New Hampshire, 
and his mother, Mary Lyman, a native of Connecticut. 
They had three children, two sons and one daughter, viz: 
Lyman, Orimil, and Catharine. Lyman lives in Upper 
Stillwater, and Catharine, now Mrs. John Knight, lives in 
Williamsburg, Ohio. Orimil Rogers first engaged in 
trade in this town in 1832, and has always until very re- 
cently been in trade here. Of late years he has also been 
engaged in farming. Mr. Rogers has not been engaged 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



467 



much in public life. He married, for his first wife. Miss 
Elizabeth Michael, of this town, by whom he has one 
child, Rachel E., deceased, wife of Professor J. A. Howe, 
of Bates College. Mrs. Rogers died January 21, 1837, 
and Mr. Rogers married Miss Eliza E. Woodman, daugh- 
ter of Deacon Benjamin and Mary Woodman, of Burling- 
ton, Maine. They have three children living, viz: 
Charles E., of Oldtown; Isa, and Luther W., of Water- 
ville, Maine. They lost three children in early life. 

Charles E. Rogers was born November 29, 1838, in 
Upper Stillwater, Maine. He is the oldest son of Orimil 
and Eliza Rogers. After finishing his common school 
course he attended the Oldtown Academy, as then styled. 
His father being a merchant, he was brought up as it 
were in the store. He has always been engaged in mer- 
chandizing in this town. He married Miss Caroline 
Smith, daughter of J. L. Smith, of Oldtown. They have 
three children, viz.: Lizzie A., Mabel, Albert O., called 
Ormie. Mr. Rogers has filled the office of Town Treas- 
urer in this town. 

Albert Plummer, postmaster at Upper Stillwater, was 
born January 8, 1S14. He is a son of Nathaniel and 
Agnes Plummer, of Topsham, Maine. They had eight 
children, five sons and three daughters, viz.: John, in 
New York; Albert; Pennel, now living in Lisbon, Maine; 
Andrew, now on the old homeste'ad in Topsham ; Isaac, 
in Brunswick, Maine; Sarah, deceased; Mary, deceased; 
Lovina, now in Topsham. Mr. Albert Plummer married 
for his first wife Jane Hall, of Bowdoin. She died many 
years ago, and Mr. Plummer married for his second wife 
Almira Clark, of Holden, Maine. By his first wife Mr. 
Plummer has one daughter, Mrs. Cynthia Johnson, of 



Brewer, Maine. By his second wife he has one daughter, 
Ellen, now at home. He was employed as a station- 
agent on the Veazie Railroad until the road was sold and 
abandoned. In 1869 he was appointed postmaster at 
Upper Stillwater, which office he now holds. He runs 
an express from here to the railroad at Orono. He has 
held the town office of Selectman. 

Perhaps nowhere in our country can be found a more 
intelligent and prosperous Indian settlement than that of 
Indian Island, in Oldtown. One of the leading men of 
that prosperous settlement is Joseph Nicola. He is a 
descendant of the Norridgewock tribe, his grandfather 
being one of the few who escaped the massacre of that 
tribe, so noted in history. His father's name was Tomer 
Nicola. Joseph was born February 15, 1827. He at- 
tended school at Rockland, Warren, and Brewer, as well 
as in Oldtown. He married Elizabeth Joseph, daughter 
of Sebattis Joseph, of Olamon, Maine, in 1866. They 
have two children — Clara E., and Lucy. This people 
have a separate government from the town in many re- 
spects (for an account of which see another part of this 
work), in which Mr. Nicola is a prominent man and 
officer. He has been on the Governor's Council (Gov- 
ernor Stanislaus, of Indian Island) for over twenty years. 
He is now Private Secretary to the Governor. He has 
represented his tribe in the Legislature si.\ terms, being 
now their Representative, and is engaged in farming. 
Mr. Nicola is an earnest supporter of their church 
(Roman Catholic), and one of its most prominent mem- 
bers, being one of the Building Committee when their 
convent was built. He is at present serving as Town 
Treasurer of the tribe. 



ORRINGTON. 



DESCRIPTION. 

Orrington is another of the fine old towns of the 
county. It was, indeed, the pioneer town of Penobscot 
in date of organization. It is the only one, except Ban- 
gor and Eddington, mentioned in the census of 1790, 
the first one taken by the Federal Government. It lies 
in an important position, only three-quarters of a mile 
from Bangor, by the neighborhood of their corners, with 
the longest side upon the river, the Bucksport & Bangor 
Narrow Guage Railroad traversing that entire side, and 
another of its sides, with part of another, abutting upon 
Hancock county. It is one of the populous, wealthy, 
and otherwise prominent towns of the Penobscot Valley. 

Orrington is bounded on the northeast by Brewer and 



a bit of Holden; on the .southeast by the "gore" of 
Holden and by Bucksport; on the southwest by Bucks- 
port; and on the west by a narrow breadth of Winterport, 
Waldo county, bejond the Penobscot; and on the north- 
west by the same stream, beyond which is the ancient 
town of Hampden. No one of its borders is a single 
straight line, although all except that in the river are 
composed of right lines. The northeast boundary is 
broken less than a mile from the river by the right-angled 
jog of perhaps fifty rods to the southwestward. It runs 
on two and a half miles further, when another sudden 
dip occurs, this one on the line of Holden. It is about 
twice as long as the other, when it angles again to the 
southeast, and again to the southwest nearly a mile, 



468 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



when, mainly in Brewer's Pond, the line now forms part 
of the northeast boundary, and makes an obtuse angle in 
the Pond, running on over a mile and a half south ; 
to the Bucksport line, near the south end of the Pond, i 
where it makes another obtuse angle to the southwest, in 
a short distance still another more to the southward, and 
so on two miles more to the southernmost corner of the 
town and of the county. This is one corner of a small 
quadrilateral, containing scarcely more than a square 
mile, being a projection southward or sort of " annex " to 
Orrington. The southwest line of this, making a little 
less than a right angle with the southeast boundary at the 
extreme corner, is only about one and one-third miles. It 
then breaks sharply to the northeast, and by a line con- 
verging slightly toward the opposite boundary on the 
southeast, runs only five-sixths of a mile northeast before 
breaking again to the northwest, then a few rods to the 
southwest, then north of west again to the curving line of 
the town on the west, in the waters of the Penobscot. 
Orrington is a very singularly shaped and bounded town. 
The total of its northeast line is only four and one-third 
miles; of its southeast line five and two-thirds; its south- 
west boundary, including the lines about the "annex," 
five and one-third ; and its line to the Penobscot, a 
little more than six and a half miles. 

Brewer Pond, as alr.eady indicated, lies on the south- 
east and east boundary of Orrington, perhaps half its 
surface being in this town. Its northern extremity lies 
wholly in this town; the lower extreme just without it, in 
Bucksport. The lake is two and a quarter miles long, 
by one mile broad in its widest parts. One quarter of a 
mile north of it, connected by an outlet, is Field's Pond, 
a sheet of irregular shape and perhaps half a square mile 
of total area, which reaches very nearly to the eastern- 
most corner of the town. From its southern part, not 
far from the outlet of Brewer, its own outlet runs out in 
a broad stream to the westward, which narrows at East 
Orrington, and runs northward as the Segeunkedunk 
Stream to the Beaver line, expanded into two valuable 
mill-ponds as it goes, near the west corner of Brewer 
flowing into the Penobscot and furnishing an exceedingly 
useful power at Brewer Village, where it moves a large 
amount of machinery. 

Midway between Brewer Pond and the river is Sweet's 
Pond, lying from southeast to northw^est, a mile long, but 
withan average width of but one quarter the length. Two 
small affluents enter at or near its head, and its outlet at 
the northwest flows in a great curve of three and three- 
quarter miles' length to the river at South Orrington, re- 
ceiving in that place a small tributary from the east. 
These are about all the waters of Orrington, except the 
grand river on its west, which needs no further description 
here. 

This town is remarkably covered with a network of 
roads. The Bucksport & Bangor Railroad makes an un- 
usual number of stations within it, as Arctic, North Orring- 
ton, Pierce's Crossing, Orrington, and South Orrington. 
The old river road, entering from Bucksport, traverses the 
northwest and west side a distance of nearly seven miles. 
The settlement of the town is mainly upon this highway. 



which is almost a continuous village. It passes through 
North Orrington, Orrington, and South Orrington postr 
offices, and by a number of school-houses and other 
public or semi-public institutions. It sends off into the 
interior southeasterly no less than six highways, at dis- 
tances averaging about a mile, most of which nearly or 
quite cross the town. Still another, from Brewer Village, 
up the east bank of the Segeunkedunk, soon enters this 
town and passes to East Orrington. This place is about 
a mile from the northeast line, at the end of the broader 
part of the Segeunkedunk. It has a post-office, a Con- 
gregational church and two school-houses, and is an impor- 
tant road center, six highways converging there from as 
many different directions. Goodale Corners is a settlement 
near a mile from the south end of Brewer Pond, and has 
also a post-office. It has also convenient connection by 
wagon-roads with nearly every part of the town and ad- 
jacent towns. South Orrington, very near the west 
corner of the town, has also two schools, a chtirch build- 
ing, a cemetery, and a good business quarter. Orring- 
ton post-office is near the middle of the river front and 
the river road, and is similarly equipped for the public 
convenience, having also the Town House. 

THE PIONEERS. 

The first settlement upon the soil of old Orrington 
was made by Colonel John Brewer, in June, 1770, at the 
mouth of the Segeunkedunk Stream, where now is Brewer 
Vill.ige, within the limits of the town of Brewer. The 
history of that settlement, therefore, is properly a part of 
the history of that town, in which Colonel Brewer and 
his beginnings in the Penobscot Valley will be found 
noticed at some length. 

The honor of being the original pioneer upon the 
tract of the later and piesent Oriington is claimed for 
Jesse Atwood, grandfather of Captain Horace Atwood, 
now of Hampden. The elder Atwood was born in the 
town of Wellfleet, Massachusetts, on the 17th of May, 
1749. He was just twenty-nine years old, in the time 
of his young manhood, when, on the 17th of May, 1778, 
he set his stakes down in the Penobscot wilderness, 
where now is Orrington town. ' Here he spent the entire 
remainder of his life, which was prolonged fifty years 
more, or to the very venerable age of eighty-four; here 
he died in the fullness of years, April 9, 1S33; and here, 
in the Orrington burying-ground, his honored remains 
repose. 

Within the next two or three years a number of settlers 
followed Colonel Brewer and Mr. Atwood to the beauti- 
ful banks of this part of the Penobscot. Most of them 
were seafaring men from Massachusetts, retiring from the 
pursuits of the deep or driven from them by the troubles 
of the time. The former residence of Colonel Brewer 
at Worcester, in that colony, led to the giving of this 
tract, when it took a plantation name, the title of "New 
Wotcester." After the unfortunate operations of Gen- 
eral Winslow and Commodore Saltonstall against the 
British fort at Castine, the inhabitants of this region 
were considerably annoyed and frightened by the enemy, 
so much so that they deemed it prudent to retire to the 



I 
I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



469 



older Eettlements southwestw'ard, from which they did 
not return until after the peace. 

Sometime before 1786, but at just what date the pres- 
ent writer is unable to say, Mr. Simeon P'owler settled 
upon the river, within what is now Orrington. He was 
one of the original pro[)rietors of the tract, after its re- 
lease by the State, became otherwise a prominent citi- 
zen, and was the first Treasurer of Hancock county, 
after the act for the erection of that then immense county 
took effect. 

PROPRIETORSHIP. 

When Colonel Brewer and his associates projected a 
settlement in the Penobscot Valley, the jurisdiction of 
Great Britain was undisputed in all this region. They 
expected to secure a "concession" or grant of such land 
as they wanted from the British Crown; but, pending its 
procurement, they obtained the license of the General 
Court of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay to settle 
upon the desired tract. They came accordingly to the 
east bank of the Penobscot, and settled in the summer 
of 1770 and after. The condition of permission to 
locate here was that they should obtain a confirmation of 
title to the land, from the British Government, within 
three years; and they accordingly sent a petition for that 
purpose, by one Doctor Calef, of Ipswich, Massachu- 
setts, which was respectfully heard, and the grant was 
promised. Full confirmation was for some reason de- 
layed, however, until the outbreak of the Revolution, 
when every pending matter of the kind was naturally 
suspended until the close of hostilities. On the other 
hand, the settlers were not ousted, although tlie three 
years had several times been repeated and elapsed be- 
fore they secured a valid title to their lots. They had, 
soon after the original settlement, caused the boundary 
lines of a township to be run; and, some time after the 
return of the settlers succeeding the war and the peace, 
the township was resurveyed in detail and lotted by Bar- 
nabas Dodge. Then the lots abutting upon the river were 
selected for investment by Colonel Brewer and Mr. 
Fowler. They effected a purchase from the State of 
Massachusetts March 25, 17S6, of 10,864 acres in one 
body here, including these lots. The purchase money 
amounted to ;^3,coo, which was paid in the "consoli- 
dated notes" or money of that period. These were 
much below the par value of their face in silver. Other- 
wise they would have paid more than a dollar per acre 
for their grant, which would have been a very extraordi- 
nary price for that time and this region. 

The remainder of the tract constituting the old Oi'- 
rington, or the original township surveyed, was conveyed 
by the State to Moses Knapp and his associates. 

MUNICIPAL ORGAN I7.-\TI0N. 

Orrington has a special distinction, above all other 
towns of Penobscot county, not only in being the first 
to be incorporated, but the only one of them all that 
was ever a town of the old and very large Lincoln 
county. It is the sole, solitary one that has belonged in 
succession to Lincoln, Hancock, and Penobscot coun- 



ties, though a number of them belonged to Hancock be- 
fore they became Penobscot territory. 

The primitive settlement here seems to have been 
known variously, from its place and number in the sur- 
veys, as "Plantation No. g,'" and from the original resi- 
dence of Colonel Brewer in Massachusetts, as "New 
Worcester," which was doubtless its official plantation 
name. The number of inhabitants upon the tract, rap- 
idly increasing when the war of the Rebellion had closed, 
early justified full organization as a town; and on the 21st 
day of March, 1788, its incorporation as such was granted 
by the General Court of Massachusetts. This was more 
than two years before the act for the erection of Han- 
cock county took effect, and while all this region was in 
the enormous and ancient county of Lincoln. It was 
the fifty-third town created in the District of Maine, the 
first in what is now Penobscot county, and the first, ex- 
cept Machias and Penobscot (February 22, 1787) erected 
east of the river. For some time the inhabitants east- 
ward of the river had complained of the inconvenience, 
annoyance, and delays they had experienced from the re- 
moteness of Pownalborough (now Wiscasset), the old 
county seat of Lincoln, from their homes; and the for- 
mation of a new county or counties in that direction was 
only delayed until there should be a sufficient number of 
corporate towns in this region to provide jurymen accord- 
ing to the legal requirements. March 24, 178S, the 
General Court made a call upon the larger islands and 
the newly settled townships and plantations in the Dis- 
trict of Maine to assign their reasons at the next session 
of the Legislature, if they had any, why they did not ap- 
ply for incorporation as towns. This produced a general 
awakening and spirit of inquiry and enterprise among the 
people; and in pursuance of the demand and of the pre- 
vious agitation of the subject, no less than twenty settle- 
ments in the District, within the space of a year and a 
quarter, applied for and received charters of incorpora- 
tion. Among them were Orrington, Sedgwick, Blue 
Hill, Trenton, Detr Isle, Mt. Desert, Sullivan, and 
Gouldsborough, whose erection prepared the way hand- 
somely for the subdivision of Lincoln and the creation 
of Hancock and W'ashington counties. Machias was, 
however, at that time the only incorporated town in the 
latter county. 

During the same period, ^'inalhaven, now in Knox 
county, and Islesborough, now in Waldo, but both made 
up of islands in the Penobscot Bay, were also granted 
charters; likewise Frankfort, in the present AValdo county, 
but then extending into the territory of the later town of 
Hampden, in this county, was one of the twenty new 
towns. 

The enterprising and intelligent pioneers of Orrington, 
it will be observed, did not wait for the call of the Gen- 
eral Court before submitting their petition; but had 
their town created three days before the summons upon 
the islands and plantations was issued. 

It was a large town, extending originally from "Buck's 
Ledge," on the river — so called from Colonel Jonathan 
Buck, the founder of Buckstown or Bucksport, — fifteen 
miles up the east bank of the stream to the great bend 



47° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



« 



at the southwest corner of Eddington, and far enough 
into the interior to include a tract of 37,304 acres, or 
about fifty-eight and one-fourth square miles. A more 
accurate idea may be formed of its size by reference to 
the map at the beginning of this volume, and bearing in 
mind the facts that three towns are now included within 
its original tract — Orrington, very small now by comparison 
with its ancient limits; Brewer, set off from Orrington, 
February 22, 1S12, and taking away 23,582 acres at one 
fell swoop; and Holden, set off from Brewer April 13, 
1852. 

THE ORRINGTON NAME. 

At least two theories have been mooted concernmg the 
application of this somewhat singular name to this tract. 
As a geographical designation, it is certainly very rare. 
No other "Orrington" than this Penobscot name is 
noticed in Lippincott's great Pronouncing Gazetteer of 
the World, and there is no other post-office in the United 
States bearing the name — which is a quite unique fact. 

A note to the volume recording the Centennial Cele- 
bration of Bangor gives the following information: 

The name of Orrington. it is said, originated in this way: At a meet- 
ing of the people of the settleinent, Parson Noble was present, and 
was delegated to procure an act of incorporation of the town. Upon 
inquiring by what name. Captain James Ginn, the clerk of the meeting, 
suggested that it be Orangelown, the name of his native town [in Mary- 
land]. The suggestion was appro\ed, and the Captain, who, though a 
good penman, was deficient in orthography, in his record of the vote 
spelled it "Orrington." The parson, partly from waggishness and 
partly because of the originality of the name, allowed the orthography 
to remain. It is so inserted in the charter, and no disposition has since 
been manifested to ainend it. 

This Parson Noble is the same one who secured the 
insertion of "Bangor," instead of "Sudbury," in the pe- 
tition of the people of "Kenduskeag Plantation" for the 
erection of a town. His name and personality are thus 
quite closely associated with the geographical nomencla- 
ture of this region. 

The settler Ginn, mentioned in the foregoing anecdote, 
is the same who, during his residence here in the early 
day, bought and brought in a slave woman and her child 
from Massachusetts — the only human chattels, very likely, 
that were ever upon the soil of Penobscot county, except 
possibly such as have casually stepped ashore from vessels 
in port. 

Mr. Williamson, in a foot-note (Vol. II., page 539) to 
his History of Maine, promulgates the following theory: 

When the agent to the General Court was requested to give a name 
to be inserted in the bill for its incorporation, he accidentally opened a 
book and saw the name, which, being novel and sonorous, he caused 
to be selected. 

This statement is apparently verified by a letter to Mr. 
Williamson from the Hon. D. Perham, who was certainly 
high authority. The other theory, however, is the one 
which now receives popular credence; and the exceeding 
rarity of the Orrington narne, if not its absolute absence 
from law and literature before the incorporation of the 
town, render it altogether the more probable. 

RECORD OF PROGRESS. 

The first census taken by the Federal Government 
made account of Orrington — the only town or plantation 
now belonging to Penobscot county which is named in it, 



except Bangor and Eddington, the latter of which, how- 
ever, was not yet an incorporated town. Orrington itself 
was named with "adjacent places," and with them con- 
tained 477 inhabit.Tuts. The number increased nearly 
seventy per cent, during the next decade, and in 1800 
Orrington alone counted 786 people. 

The following was the official valuation of the town in 
1801: Polls, 100; 41 dwellings, at 12 to 30 shillings; 5 
shops, at 10 to 18 shillings; 2 warehouses, 12 shillings; 
31 barns, 12 to 15 shillings; 4 grist- and saw-mills, 80 to 
60 shillings; tillage, 241 acres, at 6 shillings to 90 cents; 
upland (mowing land), 339 acres, 7 shillings to $1.40; 
meadow, 40 acres, 5 shillings; pasture, 299 acres, 2 to 3 
shillings; woodland, 10,454 acres, 6 to 9 shillings; unim- 
provable, 2,747 acres; town and proprietary, 24,520 
acres, 6 shillings; horses, 7; oxen, 94; cows, 147; swine, 
86. 

Within the decade 1800-10 Orrington nearly doubled 
its numbers, and for a number of years before and after 
that date enjoyed the distinction of being the most pop- 
ulous town in the county. It had 1,341 inhabitants by 
the third census, when Bangor had but 850, and even 
Hampden had but 1,279. But before the next census 
was taken Orrington had lost nearly three-fourths of her 
territory and much of her population by the secession of 
Brewer. The united population of these two towns in 
1820 was 1,783, which shows that Orrington would then 
still have been much the most populous ,town in the 
county, had the division not taken place. 

In 1812 Orrington had 162 polls, with $3,368.51 val- 
uation of estates, and a general tax of 55 cents on the 
$1,000. 

In 1820 Orrington had 1,049 people and 214 polls. 
It had now but 172 less population than Bangor, and 
429 less than Hampden, which was the largest town in 
the county. Its voters were but 53 less than the former, 
and 127 less than the latter. Its estates, however, were 
much behind either of the others, being but $58,216, 
against $107,593 for Hampden and $132,998 for Bangor. 
Eddington, the other old town, was still further in the 
rear in this and all other respects. 

The remaining census returns of this town have 
been as follow: 1830, 1,234; 1840, 1,580; 1850, 1,852; 
i860, 1,950; 1870, 1,768; 1880, 1,529. 

The return of polls in i860 was 440,442 in 1S70, and 
449 in 1880. The number of its grown men, then, has 
not fallen off, nor have its estates, which were for these 
years, respectively, $355,442, $400,839, and $405,898. 

A CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 

In September, 1800, following a few months' preaching 
through this region by the Rev. James Boyd, a Congrega- 
tional society was formed of members residing in Bangor, 
Hampden, and Orrington, and Mr. Boyd was regularly 
ordained as a minister and received as pastor. He was 
soon, however, ascertained to be a wolf in sheep's cloth- 
ing, and his ministry hereabouts came to an end at the 
expiration of about a year, with the calling of a church 
council in November, 1801, and his dismissal without 
recommendation. The society, which had before been 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



471 



known indifferently as the Bangor church or the Orring- 
ton church, was thereafter considered as entitled to the 
latter designation only. The society was considerably 
distracted and broken for a number of years, being most 
of the time without stated preaching ; and in November, 
181 1, after a short term of service in Bangor by the Rev. 
Harvey Loomis, enough members were dismissed from 
the Orrington society to form the church at Bangor. 

In 1812, a missionary named Thomas Williams, sent 
out under Congregational auspices, made his appearance 
in the upper part of the old Orrington town, which had 
now become Brewer. His services proved acceptable, 
and his settlement as pastor was shortly proposed. In 
January, 1813, he was ordained and settled as pastor of 
the old Orrington church, now mustering but seventeen 
members. He remained in the service of this society a 
number of years. In 1821 he and the Congregational 
pastor at Bangor were the only settled preachers of the 
faith in the county. True, there were four other Con- 
gregational churches, but they were without pastors. 

The Orrington church survived until 1847. In 1834 
another division of the society was made, and on the 
1 2th of June in that year the East Orrington church was 
formed. This is still in existente, and was last minis- 
tered unto by the Rev. Clarence S. Sargent, of Brewer 
Village, who has retired from labor in this field. 

THE MtTHODISTS. 

In the year 1795 the Rev. Joshua Hall was sent to 
the Penobscot country by the New London (Connecticut) 
Conference as a pioneer missionary preacher. He had 
an immense field of service, extending from the mouth 
of the river as far up and on both sides as he could find 
settlements m which to preach. This was called the Pe- 
nobscot Circuit, and subsisted as such for about ten 
years, when, in 1806, it was divided into the Orrington 
and Hampden Circuits. A Methodist Society had al- 
ready been organized in the town, which gave the name 
to the former. 

In 1809 the Union River Circuit took the name of 
Penobscot Circuit, and seven years later it was united 
with the Orrington Circuit. This relation endured but 
three years, when the circuits were again disunited. In 
1820 a third circuit of the Penobscot name was formed, 
with the Rev. Benjamin Jones as Presiding Elder. About 
this time the Orrington Circuit included the societies at 
Orrington, Brewer, Brooks, and Eddington, which to- 
gether had three hundred members. 

About the year 1798 Elder Enoch Mudge, who had 
begun his ministerial labors in this State, at Readfield, 
some years before, began preaching in Orrington, and 
served the Christian people and the people here and 
hereabout for nearly twenty years. He was sent by the 
town as its Representative in the General Court of Mas- 
sachusetts in 181 1, 1814, and 1816. He returned to 
Lynn, where he had been converted, before the separ- 
ation from that State, and preached there for several 
years longer. The historian Williamson, in his paper on 
the Religious Denominations of Maine at the Close of 
the Revolution, published in the seventh volume of the 
Maine Historical Collections, says of Elder Mudge : 



His natural abilities were such that, although having had but a com- 
mon education, he became an excellent and acceptable preacher. His 
style \v;is good, his voice pleasant, his manner prepossessing, and his 
discourses instructi\-e. In stature he was short and stout. He had a 
fair countenance and thick lips. I have listened to his sermons with 
pleasure and profit. 

Further notice of Elder Mudge will be given below, in 
a biographical sketch of his son. 

Other pioneer Methodist preachers hereaway, whose 
names have been preserved, were Jeremiah and William 
Marsh, and John Kenney, the latter of whom was a local 
preacher. 

The Methodist Society at Orrington is still maintained, 
and was ministered to in 1881 by the Rev. Benjamin S. 
Arey. Another society has been founded at South Or- 
rington, whose pastor in charge during the same year was 
Rev. J. A. Morelen. 

THE FIRST MEETING-HOUSES. 

The aforesaid letter of Mr. Perham, of which an ab- 
stract is given by Mr. Williamson, in his History of Maine, 
says that these were two in number, and were erected 
"seven miles apart, equidistant from each end of the 
town." 

A PIONEER NURSERY. 

One of the first nurseries established in the State, and 
probably the very first in Eastern Maine, was planted by 
Mr. Ephraim Goodale, at what is now Goodale's Corner. 
The following is a copy of his ancient hand-bill, which 
was distributed far and wide. It will be noticed that he 
names his residence as Buckstown (Bucksport), which 
was probably his post-ofitice. 

PENOBSCOT 

FRUIT TREES. 

EPHRAIM GOOD.\LE, of BiXKSTOWN, offers for sale for Cash 
or approved Credit, as low as can be purchased in New-England, and 
of as good a quality, the following 

PEAR TREES, 



Uvidales, St. Germaine, 
St. Michael, St. James, 
Large Sweet York, 
Small Sweet York. 
Prenietive, 
Monseur John, 
Windsor, 



Blue, Sugar, 
English Sweet, 
Davenport, Perry, 
German, Baking. Bond. 
Dergaloo, jargonelle, 
Catton, Burgamot, 
Gardenelle. 



N. B. Pear Trees are not subject to Lice. 



APPLE TREES. 



Yellow Geniton, 
Warren Russet, 
Stone Sweet, 
Pumpkin Sweet, &c. 
.Mso .... A few Butternut, 
Plumb & Quince Trees. 



Bell's Early, 
Maiden's Blush, 
Quince, Cuincing, 
Black Pippin, 
Golden Pippin, 
Nonesuch, Snout, 

E. Goodale has spared no pains in selecting the best fruit, and by 
keeping them labelled has ascertained what sorts are most congenial to 
this country. Every person knows the utility of transplanting from a 
kindred soil. 

The nursery and orchard at this Corner have been 
maintained for many years, and their products have 
usually presented the largest and best variety at the Po- 
mological and Agricultural Fairs of the county. 

THE FIRST POST-OFFICE 

in old Orrington was that founded at Brewer Village in 
1800, of which Colonel Brewer was Postmaster. 

The present Orrington post-office was established in 
181 3, and has Albert H. Smith in charge. 



472 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Other offices of the kind in the town are at South Or- 
rington, Lincoh: Wheelden, Postmaster; North Orrin.e;- 
ton, Charles Hoyt; East Orrington, Charles A. Sever- 
ance; and Goodale's Corner, C. D. Chapman. 

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 

The first Representative of this town in the General 
Court of Massachusetts was the Hon. Oliver Leonard, 
who was delegated thereto in 1798. The Rev. Enoch 
Mudge, as before noted, was Representative from Orring- 
ton in 1 8 II, 1 8 14, and 1S16. 

The following-named gentlemen were serving as town 
officers in 1881: J. D. Baker, C. A. Severance, Warren 
Nickerson, Selectmen ; Joseph D. Baker, Town Clerk ; 
A. G. Dole, Treasurer; Asa L. Kent, Collector; T. H. 
Crowell, J. D. Hines, Constables; Augustus N. Lufkin, 
J. Wyman Phillips, Hattie W. Pollard, School Commit- 
tee; J. D. Baker, J. Wyman Phillips, C. H. Fieeman, 
Augustus N. Lutkin (Quorum), Justices. 

INDUSTRIES AND PROFESSIONS. 

Orrington has one resident physician, but no lawyer, 
and no hotel is at present kept in the town. 

The leading industry in this fine and fairly fertile tract 
at present is agriculture, in which pursuit a number of 
good farms have been developed. Much attention is 
also given to dairying, and milk from the dairies of Or- 
rington is delivered daily in Bangor. 

This town has shared in the general advantages of the 
Lower Penobscot for ship-building, and has to some ex- 
tent improved its advantages. In April, 1862, the sloop 
Blackbird, a small vessel, was launched here ; and in Sep- 
tember, 1866, the schooner Naonta, of 193 tons, was 
completed at the Orrington shipyard. Other river ves- 
sels, whose annals are not yet written, had their birth- 
place on the Orrington shore. 

The manufacturers in this town include one maker of 
drain tile and clay pipes, one of earthenware and pipes, 
one of boots and shoes, one tannery, and one churn- 
maker. There are four tolerably extensive saw-mills, and 
two gristmills. 

The merchants comprise seven engaged in general 
country storekeeping, and one milliner. 

ORRINGTON IN 1872. 

The following is a notice of this town in Lippincott's 
Gazetteer of the World, edition of 1873. As before 
noticed, this is the only town of the name which the 
globe furnished for notice in this work. Orrington 
Corner, however, by which name the post-office was des- 
ignated, is the head of a very brief and unimportant 
paragraph : 

Orrington. a post-township in Penobscot county, Maine, on the 
Penobscot River, fifty-five miles [!] below Bangor, and sixty-si.\ miles east 
by north of Augusta. It contains one Congregational and three 
Methodist cluirches, a high school, and eight stores. The streams 
afford motive power for si.\ saw-mills, which cut annually about two 
million feet of lumber; several shingle-mills, lath-mills, and turning, 
mills, and a paper-mill. There is also a steam saw-mill, turning out 
about seven hundred thousand feet of lumber annually. About twenty 
vessels are owned here and employed in the West India and ccistwise 
trade. A ferry connects Orrington with Hampden on the opposite 
side of the Penobscot Population, 1,950. 



THE ASSOCIATIONS 

of Orrington, not religious, are the Eureka Lodge, No. 
33, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which organized! 
March 6, 1878; the Enterprise Grange, No. 173, Patron^ 
of Husbandry, and the Riverside and Empire Lodges of! 
the Independent Order of Good Templars. 

B10GR.A.PHICAL. 

One of the most successful and noted of the nativesj 
or residents of this town was Mr. Enoch R. Mudge, 
merchant prince of Boston, who died suddenly at Elra4 
wood, in Swampscott, Massachusetts, October i, 1881J 
The Bangor Whig and Courier published the following 
interesting notices of his father and himself : 

The deceased was born in Orrington, Maine, March 22, 1812, thQ 
youngest son of Rev. Enoch Mudge, the first settled Methodist minii 
ter on the Penobscot River, of whom Hon. J. W. Porter says: 

" He came to Orrington in 1798, and remained there nearly twenf 
years. He was one of the most remarkable men in that part of tK 
State, and left his impress upon the inhabitants of that town as fd 
men could have done. He was an eloquent preacher, logical, profound 
and interesting. As a citizen he was the peer of the many distinguishe| 
men who lived in Orrington at that time, which is no small eulogy lor a 
town that named among its citizens Colonel John Brewer, Francis 
Joseph, and James Carr, Oliver and George Leonard, and many otherg 
Ml. Mudge represented Orrington in the General Court in 1811-14-ifl 
He married, about 1800, Jerusha (Holbrook) Hinckley, widow of Sold 
mon Hinckley, of Orrington, for whom, in accordance with a custoil 
somewhat in vogue at that time, they named their first son, born JuneS 
22, 1803, Solomon Hinckley — not Salmon, as the Boston papers have 
it." 

The Boston Herald says: "Enoch Redington Mudge was the_ 
youngest of the four children of Rev. Enoch Mudge, whose struggle 
and whose ceaseless efforts for the advancement of the early Methodisl 
church in New England, and the propagation of its principles, justlj 
won for him the title of the pioneer of that faith. Rev. Enoch Mudgl 
had the signal honor of being the first native Methodist preacher in 
New England, and his descendants, in their turn, have justly and 
proudly pointed to his character as nobly befitting that peculiar dis- 
tinction. The youngest son of this remarkable preacher, Enoch Red- 
ington Mudge, was born in the little town of Orrington, Maine, March 
22, 1812. It was in this town that much of the father's ministerial 
labors had been performed, and it was in this town that young Enoch 
received the rudiments of an education as brief as it was remarkable." 

At the time of his death Mr. Mudge was the senior partner of the 
firm of E. R. Mudge, Sawyer & Co., having offices in Boston, New 
York, and Philadelphia, as selling agents of the Washington mills, 
Lawrence, Massachusetts: Burlington Woolen Company, Chicopee 
Manufacturing Company, Saratoga Victory Manufacturing Company, 
Atlantic Cotton Mills, Ocean Mills Company, Ellerton New Mills and 
Hosiery Mills. For all of these mills, and they represent an aggregate 
capital of between four and five millions of dollars, Mr. Mudge's firm 
has since 1858 made all the purchase of supplies, sold all the products, 
and has had the direction of the manufactures of all goods. It is 
known that in 1865, before Mr. Mudge's business had assumed its 
present vast proportions, the sales for twelve months amounted to over 
$3,000,000. The amount of the sales for the present year may be im- 
agined from this figure, when it is known that many more mills have 
been added and the functions of the firm considerably enlarged. 

Mr. Mudge had nearly completed a splendid church in Lynn, Mas- 
sachusetts, at a cost of about $230,000, as a memorial of two of his 
children — a son killed in the war and a daughter who died in 1S79. 
The estate left by Mr. Mudge is estimated at over three millions of dol- 
lars, and he was honored as one of the foremost of the energetic, en- 
terprising, and public spirited merchant princes of the New England 
metropolis. 

The following brief notice appears in the Roll of 
Honor (soldiers serving in the late Rebellion) of Bowdoin 
College: 

Class of 1861. — Augustus N. Lufkin; born in East 
Orrington, June, 1837; August, 1862, enlisted in Second 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



473 



Maine; when its two years of service expired, was trans- 
ferred to the Twentieth Maine, serving as Corporal ; after 
examinption was commissioned Captain in a regiment of 
colored troops; served in the Army of the Potomac, 
of the James, and in the Texas expedition; was mustered 
out December, 1865. 

(Jeorge Brooks, of Orrington, is the son of James 
Brooks, of the same town. James Brooks had twelve 
children who grew to maturity, of whom George is the 
oldest. He was born June 21, 1S15, and settled at the 
old home in Orrington, where he now lives, but not in the 
old house. Mr. Brooks has had four wives, the first being 
Gorilla Nickerson, of this town. His second wife was 
Mrs. Lydia Hopkins, of Hampden. On the death of his 
second wife he married Carrie J. Nickerson, of Orring- 
ton. Mr. Brooks is now living with his fourth wife, whose 
name was Miss Priscilla Nash, of Addison, Maine, by 
whom he has three children now living, having lost two. 
Mr. Brooks is engaged in farming and the manufacture 
of pottery, land tiles, earthenware, and tobacco pipes 
being the principal articles. He sells most of the land 
tiles in Boston, after supplying all the local demand in 
this part of the State. The pipe manufacture is a new in- 
dustry in Maine, if not in New England. The clay for the 
pipes comes from England, from the same bed where the 
Glasgow manufacturers get their clay. In his early life 
Mr. Brooks was a teacher for many years and has long 
been identified with the educational interests of the town, 
serving many years as a member of the Board of Super- 
intending School Committee. He received his education, 
after the common school course, at Hampden Academy 
and Maine 'Western Seminary, at Rcadfield, Maine. He 
has been sujjerintendent of the Sunday-school for over 
thirty years consecutively, with the exception of one year. 

William B. Hoxie, of South Orrington, is the son of 
Elihu and Mary Hoxie, of this town. They had ten 
children, viz: Elihu, deceased; Allen, of this town; 
Charles, of Orrington; Samuel and Joseph, deceased; 
Lucy, now Mrs. Winslow Freeman, of Bucksport; Phebe, 
now Mrs. ^\'ood, of this town; Ann and Lydia, deceased; 
and William B. Hoxie, who was born June 16, 1831, 
being the youngest of this family. Mr. Hoxie has always 
lived on the old homestead, being engaged in farming, 
He married for his fiiit wife Adeline Hartford, daughter 
of James Hartford, of Hampden. By her he had three 
children — \\"illiam, Fred, and Ella, now Mrs. Smith, of 
Brewer. Mrs. Hoxie died in 1868, and Mr. Hoxie mar- 
ried for his second wife Mrs. Marietta, Folsora (jiee Hart- 
ford). They had no children. Mr. Hoxie lives on the 
farm which was first settled by his father, containing 
about one hundred acres, finely situated on the east bank 
of the Penobscot. 

Captain J. A. Rider is a son of Captain Samuel Rider, 
and was born in 1822. He married Nancy J. Snow, 
daughter of Captain William and Lydia Snow. They 
have five children living — John H., in Boston; Lillis, 
now Mrs. Charles P. Rowell ; Mary E., Nancy Evel) n, 
and Preston H. Mr. Rider has followed the sea since 
he was ten years old, has been master of a vessel thirty- 
four years, aijd is now master of the bark Joseph Baker, 



recently on a trip to South Anierica. His son Preston 
H. lives at home and carries on the farm in Orrington. 

S. Bolton, of Orrington, is the son of James and Mary 
Bolton. James Bolton was the son of Solomon Bolton, 
a Revolutionary soldier, who came here from Massa- 
chusetts. James Bolton had eight children who grew to 
maturity, five sons and three daughters: Alfred, Daniel 
v., Eliza v., James, Mary A., Sarah V., Solomon, and 
George A. Solomon Bolton was born in 1830, his father 
having moved here the previous year. Mr. Bolton lived 
a ^c\s years in Bucksport and Orono after becoming of 
age, but settled in Orrington about 1S58. He has been 
a teacher for many years, having taught fifty terms of 
school. He has also been a follower of the sea, having 
been master of a vessel. Owing to disability he engaged 
in trade in Orrington in 1875, which business he is still 
following. In 1853 he married Miss Maria A. Reed, of 
Bucksport. They have had five children, three of whom 
are living, viz: Charles H., deceased ; Carrie L., also 
deceased; Mary L., Blanche K., and Littleton R. Mr. 
Bolton has long been identified with the educational in- 
terests of his town, serving as a member of the School 
Board and Superintending School Committee. He has 
held the office of Chairman of the Town Board of Select- 
men. 

Sumner Chapin, of Orrington, was born in Southfield, 
Rhode Island, in 1S22. He moved to Milford, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1827, and came to Orrington in 1843; ^^^s 
engaged in the manufacture of boats, and in later years 
has given some attention to agriculture. He married 
Mary C. Baker, a native of Orrington, in 1S48. Their 
family consists of three children, Samuel S. (deceased), 
Frank L. (now in Colorado), aod Alice M. j\[r. Chapin 
was elected a member of the Legislature in 1862. 

J. W. Phillips is the son of Nathan D. and Mary H. 
Phillips, of Orrington. His mother was a descendant of 
the Tainter family, whose ancestors came over in the 
Mayflower. Nathan D. Phillips had seven children: 
Clarissa A., J. Wynian, Sarah H., Nathan H., Mary S., 
Charles T., and Harriet E. J. Wyman Phillips was 
born December 22, 1827. After preparing for college 
at the Foxcroft Academy and the East Maine Confer- 
ence Seminary at Bucksport, he entered Bowdoin Col- 
lege, from which he was graduated in 1858. He followed 
teaching and was professor of the classical department 
of the East Maine Conference Seminary four years; 
then was principal of Hampden Academy for two years. 
On account of failing health he went South immediately 
on the close of the war, where he remained about 
ten years, when he returned to the homestead farm, 
where he has since remained, teaching and farming. In 
1869 he married Miss Althie A. Cross, daughter of M. 
T. and Rebecca Cross, of Bethel, Maine. They have 
three children living, having lost two, viz : Wyman and 
Nathan, deceased; Charles, William, and John. He 
was drafted under the first draft in Maine, but was re- 
jected by reason of a diseased chest. Mr. Phillips has 
been a member of the School Board most of the time 
for twenty-five years, of which Board he is now chairman; 
has served as one of the Town Board of Selectmen for 



474 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ten years. In 1872 he was elected to the House of 
Representatives and returned again to that body in 
1876. He was elected to the Senate in 1877 and again 
in 1878, serving continually on the Committee on Edu- 
cational and Legal Affairs, the last year being Chairman 
of the Committee on Education. 

John King was born July 25, 181 1; he is the son of 
Samuel and Mary King, of Orrington. On becoming of 
age he settled in Orrington, where he has always lived. 
He married for his first wife Mary Devereaux, who was 
the daughter of Joseph Devereaux, of Penobscot. They 
had fourteen children, of whom seven boys and five 
girls are now living. The names of the living are: John 
D., now of Brewer; George E., of Orrington; Rubie, 
now Mrs. Samuel Page, of Corinth; Amos K., of Brewer; 
Abbie J., now Mrs. Charles Devereaux, of Bucksport; 
Jabez W., of Ohio; Martha O., now Mrs. Amos Wight, 
of Augusta; Willard D., of Springfield, Illinois: Mary S., 
now Mrs. George Rider, of Orrington; Anna D., now 
Mrs. Alpheus Hanson, of Bangor; Edward E., of this 
town; Sumner, of Orrington. Of this large family only 
two of the fourteen have not lived to grow to man- 
hood and womanhood, and all are well settled in life. 
Mrs. King died January 20, 1S76. Mr. King married 
for his second wife Mrs. Betsey H. Birce, nee Miss 
Hoxie. 

Charles A. Severance is a son of Benjamin Severance, 
of Orrington, who- was born in this town. He was in the 
War of 181 2 at the battle of Hampden. The children 
were: Otis, Sally, William, George, Keziah, Albert, 
Charles, Cyrus, Mary, Rossetta, Erastus, Harvey, and 
Edwin. Mr. Severance died in Orrington; was one of 
the early settlers of the .town. Charles Severance was 
born April 27, 1831, in Orrington. His occupation was 
brick mason until five years ago, when he engaged in 
mercantile business, and is also Postmaster; has been 
Selectman four years. He married Lydia B. Bowden, 
daughter of Jeremiah and Hannah Bowden, of Orring- 
ton, who were early settlers of the town. By this union 
two children were born — Charles M., with his father in 
the store; Rosa J., resides with her parents. 

Elbridge Ware, deceased husband of Adaline Ware, 
was born in Orrington, Penobscot county, and was a son 
of Captain Warren Ware, who was one of the earliest 
settlers of the place; was captain of militia; was engaged 
in the lumber mills and tannery business for many years, 
and was one of the prominent men in the town. He 
married Lucy Bowden, of Brewer, and raised eight chil- 
dren — Priscilla, Abigail, Warren, Elbridge, Eliza, Alma- 
tia, Charlissa, Julia. He died in Orrington in 1870. He 
married Adaline Copeland, of Holden, by whom five 
children were born — Annette, Jonas, Elber, Charles, and 
Isabel. 

Moses Rogers came to Orrington in 1780, a native of 
Eastham, Massachusetts. His wife was Thankful Free- 
man. Moses Rogers had three sons and three daughters, 
viz: J. H. Rogers, now first lieutenant in the United 
States Revenue Marme Service, stationed in Boston Har- 
bor; J. Skinner Rogers, President Michigan Military 
Academy, Orchard Lake, Michigan; Sidney Rogers, Or- 



rington; Belle S. (Wynn), Milford, Massachusetts; Flora 
F. and Susie M., of Orrington. J. H. Rogers served as 
private in Second Maine Infantry from April 18, 1861, 
till October 18, 1862, and was then appointed Master's 
Mate in the navy, and served until the close of the war. 
He was promoted to Master for gallantry displayed at 
Mobile Bay. J. Sumner Rogers served as private in the 
Second Maine Infantry from April 18, i86i, till July 18, 
1863, and was appointed second lieutenant in the Thirty- 
first Maine in October, 1864; was promoted to Captain 
and appointed Major by brevet for meritorious services. 
He was mustered out in July, 1865; appointed second 
lieutenant in the United States army October i, 1867, 
and resigned after serving ten years. In 1877 he organ-, 
ized the Michigan Military ,\cademy, and is now Presi- 
dent of that institution. 

Thomas B. George was born in Wrentham, Massachu- 
setts, January 29, 1819. Emigrated to Maine in 1830 
with his father, Timothy George, who settled in Orring- 
ton. Timothy George married Betsey Capron, of Mas- 
sachusetts, and had a family of nine children : Warren, 
Fanny, Charlotte, Julia, Seth, Thomas, Maria, William, and 
Ellen; five of whom are living. He died July 13, 1854. 
Thomas B. George married Polly Rogers, of Orrington, 
and had four children: Thomas H., Maria T., Charles 
W., and Mary C. Thomas H. is dead. His first wife 
died October 6, 1862, and he was again married to 
Susan E. Farrington, of Holden, who died July 25, 1877. 

James Freeman, born in Orrington June 12, 1794, is 
a son of James Freeman, Sr., who came to Orringtoni 
with his father, Samuel, while a young man. He died inl 
Orrington at seventy-nine years of age ; married Mary| 
Freeman, of Orrington, by whom seven children were 
born: Joseph, James, Mercy, Olive, Mary A., Reuben,! 
and Smith. James, the only representative of the above 
family, is still living at the age of eighty-seven. He wa^ 
in the War of 181 2, at the battle of Hampden; has been 
Justice of the Peace forty years, and has held other town 
offices about twenty years; has held all the prominent 
township offices, and was captain of militia. He mar- 
ried for his first wife Azubah Hopkins, daughter of Bar- 
zilla Hopkins, of Orrington, and had the following chil- 
dren : Charles W., James W., Elisha, and Clorinda.! 
His first wife died in 1851, and he was again married toj 
Miss A. Norton, of Bangor, who died in 1862. JameS 
W. died of sickness in New Orleans in the late war. 

Joseph King was born in Orrington April 4, r8o8; hel 
is a son of Samuel King, who emigrated from England 
and settled in Orrington in that year. He was one ol 
the early settlers of the town, and did much in clearing 
the lands. In early life he engaged in sail-making; wa^ 
also a seafaring man; was lost at sea. He married Marfl 
Rodney, of New York City, and had five children, vizj 
Eliza (deceased), Jane, Joseph, Charlotte, John. JosepH^ 
King in early life lived with Ephraim Goodale, of Orl 
' rington, until he was twenty-one, and since that time ha^ 
been engaged in lumbering and farming. He built 
mill in Hermon ; has been a member of the Methodist' 
church fifty years ; married Susan Hurlty, daughter o£ 
Frederick Hurlty, of Machias, Maine. By this union 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



475 



eleven children were born : Frederick, Elizabeth, Laura 
L., Gershom and Melville (dead), Ada, Joseph, Jennie, 
Laura L., Arthur W., and Joseph M. 

Augustus Chapin was born in Orrington August 1 1, 
1822; he is a son of Josiah Chapin, who was one of the 
earliest settlers of the township, emigrating from Milford, 
Massachusetts, in 1814. Josiah Chapin was a shoemaker 
and farmer. He was in the War of 181 2 as captain; was 
at the battle of Hampden. He was a Methodist and a 
class-leader in that church; was Selectman, and held other 



minor town oflfices; died at seventy-two years of age. 
He married Mary Willard, of Mendon, Massachusetts, 
and had seven children, six of whom grew up to adults, 
viz: William, Mary, Melissa, Josiah, John W. (deceased), 
Lorenzo, and Augustus. Augustus Chapin has always 
been engaged in farming and lumbering. December 19, 
1849, ^le married Ann T. Hincks, daughter of Captain 
Elisha and Betsey Hincks, by whom he has five chil- 
dren, viz : Nellie E., Albert L. (deceased), Arthur, 
Charlie E., and Annie L. 



PASSADUMKEAG. 



Pushing now again to the newer towns up the Penob- 
scot, we pause at the tract bearing the singular name of 
Passadumkeag, a name derived originally from the fine 
stream of that designation, which enters the river within 
its limits. The word itself, in the Tarratine or Penob- 
scot tongue, signifies "quick water," though the same 
word in another Indian dialect is said to signify "inhab- 
itant of the valley." The town is not now a large one, 
though of respectable size; and it was larger by one- 
third from its incorporation New Year's Day, 1835, until 
1842, when about that share of its territory and inhabi- 
tants was set off to its eastern neighbor, Lowell. At 
present it has scarcely more than twenty square miles. 
Its north line is three and one-fourth miles long; its east 
line, which is broken into two sections about midway of 
its length by a slight divergence more nearly to the 
southward, is five and three-fourths miles long; the south 
line three and a half; and the course of the Penobscot 
along the west front is about six miles. The south line 
is not quite parallel with the north; but converges a very 
. little from east to west, so that the western length of the 
town is a trifle less than the extreme length. The great- 
est breadth of the town is measured by the north line; 
but it is closely approached by the width from the inner- 
must part of the bend below the station straight to the 
east line. The shortest breadth is two and a half miles, 
from the head of the little bay on the Penobscot, into 
which the Beaver Brook enters, in the northwest part of 
the town, to near the middle of the north section of the 
east line. 

Passadumkeag is bounded on the north by Enfield, the 
east by Lowell, south by Greenbush, and west by the 
Penobscot, which lies between it and Edinburg. Many 
islands are in the river on this front; as the Long, Marsh, 
Nichola and Hog Islands, all within a mile below the 



mouth of Beaver Brook; and the Pinaes, Craig, Frances 
Lazy, Joe Merry, and Murphy Islands, between the 
mouth of the Passadumkeag and the southwest corner of 
the town. 

The stream just named is the principal and, with un- 
important exceptions, the only water of the town. The 
Cold Stream, however, is a respectable brook, the outlet 
of the remarkable chain of Cold Stream Ponds, and 
flowing itself directly from the large Cold Stream Pond, 
which occupies the whole eastern part of Enfield. The 
outlet comes down almost in the exact northeast corner 
of Passadumkeag, and flows near the east line of the 
tort-n about three miles to the Passadumkeag Stream. A 
little more than half-way down from its point of entrance 
it receives the waters of the Little Cold Stream from En- 
field. 

The Passadumkeag has its sources in lakes and 
springs far in the interior, in .and near the south border 
of Lee; flows south and southwest through Township 
No. 3, Lakeville Plantation, a corner of Hancock county, 
the Allen Tract, and Township No. 2, through Suponic 
Lake into Burlington, the southeast angle of Lowell into 
Township No. i, and up into Lowell again. It crosses 
the southwest angle of that town about half a mile from 
the corner, and enters Passadumkeag nearly one and a 
half miles above its south line. A small fraction of a 
mile further it receives the Sam Ayres Brook from the 
northeast corner of Greenbush, and flows northwest till 
it takes in the Cold Stream, when it makes more nearly 
westward about two and a half miles, and joins the Pe- 
nobscot at the station, something less than half-way 
down the west side of the town. The whole course of 
the Passadumkeag in this town is less than four miles. 

Across the northwest angle of the tow^n, in a south 
course, flows the Beaver Brook from Enfield, receiving 



476 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the Bear Brook half a mile beyond the town line, and j 
running one and one-fourth miles to a cove or little bay 
at Long Island, where it empties into the Penobscot. 

The European & North American Railroad has a lit- 
tle more than si.x miles of track in this town, but only 
one station, which is about half-way up, and at the 
mouth of the stream whose name it shares with the 
town. Passadumkeag Station is beginning to flourish; 
has an extensive steam saw-, shingle-, and stave-mill, 
with cooper and blacksmith's shops, hotel, three general 
stores, public school-house, etc. The Boom House is a 
little way out, on the road up the Stream. The river 
road crosses the Passadumkeag by a bridge at the vil- 
lage. School No. I is a little less than two miles below, 
and School No. 3 less than one and a half miles above 
the village. 

School No. 4 is in the southwest part of the town, on 
another north and south road which enters half a mile 
from the northwest corner, from Enfield village, and di- 
vides into two branches soon after crossing the line, one of 
which goes southwest to the Station and the other south- 
erly across the Passadumkeag a fourth of a mile below 
the mouth of the Cold Stream, and on through a toler- 
ably dense settlement below School No. 4 out of the 
town. A road from the Station east two miles along the 
north bank of the Stream, joining the main road a little 
north of the bridge, completes the short list of import- 
ant highways in the town. There is no east and west 
road as yet entirely across the town, unless it has been 
quite recently cut through. 

The surface of this town is quite varied, and it pos- 
sesses a fertile and productive soil. E.xcellent mill-priv- 
ileges exist, furnishing fine facilities for lumbering, which 
has been the principal industry of the town. The village 
has a particularly good location. 

One of the most interesting relics of antiquity to be 
found in the county remains upon the head of Nicolar's 
Island, in the shape of slight earthworks, which were 
identified by Judge Godfrey some years ago, with every 
appearance of probability, as marking the site of the 
French fort erected in the Penobscot Valley about 1700, 
and which was destroyed by Westbrook's expedition in 
1723- 

The original settlers of Passadumkeag were Messrs. 
Enoch and Joshua Aycrs, in 1813. Then came, within 
the next few years, Tristram F. Jordan, James Sanders, 
Isaac P. and Aaron Hayncs, Joshua Hathaway, James 
Comings and Benjamin his son, Peter Sibley and sons, 
Elijah P. Evans, Elijah Tourtillott, and Mrs. Ann Den- 
nis, the last with a large family of boys. But the Com- 
ingses, the Ayreses, Tourtillott, and Evans, are said to 
complete the entire roll of settlers in 1819. These all 
subsequently left, but their places were taken by others. 

In 1840 Passadumkeag had a population of 394; in 
1850, 29s; in 1S60, 360, and in 1870, 243. Its polls in 
1870 numbered 73; its estates, $30,738. 

Passadumkeag has generally been classed with ten 
other towns and plantations, for representation in the 
State Legislature. The Representatives from its own 
borders have been Tristram F. Jordan, Isaac P. and 



Aaron Haynes, James B. Howland, and James M. Corn- 
stock. 

The town has a Congregational church, whose pulpit 
is just now vacant. There are four school-houses. A 
steam-iniU, turning out boards, shingles, and staves, is 
operated by B. Pluinmer & Son; there is one manufac- 
turer of cooperage and one blacksmith and carriage- 
maker, and three general stores. The Exchange Hotel 
is kept by H. W. Chapman. 

The principal officers of the town in 1881 were the fol- 
lowing: Oliver Leonard, Treasurer; Charles L. Hatha- 
way, Collector; J. \V. Hathaway, D. B. Bean, A. F. 
Hayncs, Constables; A. F. Haynes, O. O. Stewart, O. 
W. Bates, School Committee; A. Haynes and C. L. 
Hathaway (quorum), andE. G. Haynes (trial), Justices. 

The following biographical notice of a native of Passa- 
dumkeag, who figured honorably in the late war, is from 
the State Military Reports: 

Captain Samuel J. Oakes was born at Passadumkeag, 
in September, 1833. In August, 1861, whilst in trade in 
Oldtown, where he resided, actuated by a sense of duty 
to his coutitry, he closed up his business and enlisted as 
a private in the Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, and was 
soon afterwards promoted to Second Lieutenant. When 
the organization of the regiment was changed to the 
First Heavy Artillery, he was further promoted to be 
First Lieutenant, and participated in all the sanguinary 
battles in which his regiment was engaged, including 
those of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, 
and Hatcher's Run. While in front of Petersburg he 
was promoted Captain and continued in command of 
his company until March 25th, 1865, when he was killed 
by a shot from the enemy. Captain Oakes was a good 
citizen, a true patriot, a devoted Christian, and a brave 
soldier, and died deeply lamented not only by his family 
but by all his comrades and a large circle of friends. 

Charles L. Hathaway, of Passadumkeag, is a son of 
Joshua Hathaway, who wa5 born in the town of Sutton, 
county of Worcester, Massachusetts, in the year 1782. 
He moved to what is now Brewer, then a part of Han- 
cock coimty, in 1803. In 1S23 lie moved to Passadum- 
keag, and was the first settler where the village now is. 
He married Sarah P. Brown, who was born in 17S9 and 
died in 1877. Their children now living are Justus and 
John H., both living in Medway, Maine; Mrs. J. T. 
Carr, of Carroll; Mrs. J. i\L Lombard, of Oldtown, and 
Joshua W. and Charles L., of Passadumkeag. In the 
War of 1812, when the British were advancing up the 
Penobscot, Mr. Hathaway rode all night through what is 
now Eddington and Bradley, to warn out all able-bodied 
men to repel the advance of the British, and afterwards 
went to Eastport as wagoner or baggage-master. He was 
an earnest friend of education, and obtained by hard 
study, by the light from pitch-pine knots, a superior edu- 
cation for those times. He followed trading for a long 
time, as well as lumbering and farming. F'or many years 
he was a Justice of the Peace. He died in Passadum- 
keag in 1857. Charles L. Hathaway married Harriet E. 
Warren, daughter of Phineas K. Warren, of Eddington, 
May 30, 1863. They have two children, Mary J. and 



n 



M 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



477 



Marcia H. Mr. Hathaway has long held prominent po- 
sitions in town affitirs, having held all, or about all, of the 
town offices at different times, also Justice of the Peace. 
He follows the business of farming, lumbering, and trad- 
ing. 

Elbridge G. Haynes, of Passadumkeag, is a son of 
David W. and Hannah Haynes {nee Hannah Piper). 
David W. Haynes was a native of Sudbury, Massachu- 
setts, who came to Dresden from Massacliusetts. From 
Dresden he moved to Bangor, where he was engaged in 
mill business for many years, and moved to Passadum- 
keag when the country was very new. He moved after- 
wards to Edinburg; he died in Passadumkeag in 1S46. 
David and Hannah Haynes had eight children, viz: 
David, Isaac P., Alvin, Aaron, Lucy, Louisa, Elmira, and 
Elbridge. Of these only three are living, viz: Aaron, 
Louisa, and Elbridge. Elbridge G., the youngest of this 
family, was born in Bangor October 3, iSio. He first 
settled in Edinburg, where he lived until 1852, being 
engaged in farmmg and lumbering. In 1852 he moved 
across the river to Passadumkeag, where he has since 
resided. He married Ruth R. Haynes, of Dresden. 
They have eight children — Horace, Ira F., Aaron J., 
Luther, Elbridge G., Joseph R., William M., and Evelyn 
L. S. He is now engaged in farming with his son, Joseph 
R. Mr. Haynes has held prominent town office for 
several years. 

One of the oldest settlers in Edinburg, across the 
river (rom Passadumkeag, was David W. Haynes, (or 
sketch of whose life see that of E. G. Haynes above. 
Aaron Haynes was born ^Larch 9, 1805. He first settled . 
in Edinburg, where he lived a few years, and then moved 
to Passadumkeag, where he has since lived. He has 
been a farmer and tavern keeper. For many years he 
was Deputy Sheriff of this county. He married Mary 
Haynes, a cousin. They had nine children, and lost 
them all. Mr. Haynes now lives with his adopted son, 
Julius B. Potter, station agent at Passadumkeag. 

Horace Plummer is a son of Bidfield and Wcltha 
Plummer, of ^^"est \\'interport, Maine. He was born 
November 11, 1846. His father, Bidfield Plummer, had 
been engaged in farming, lumbering, and carpentering, 
etc. His parents here had eight children, of whom five 
are now living, viz : Amos W., now in Bangor, David S., 
now in Boston, Louise L., and Albert C. Mr. and Mrs. 
Plummer are now living in West Winterport. Horace 
Plummer, on becoming of age, engaged in merchandising 
in connection with the milling business in Winterport, 
where he did business six years. In 1873 he came to 
Passadumkeag, and with his father bought an interest in 
the mill here. In 1874 these mills were burned, and 
Mr. Plummet and Horace bought out the interest of the 
other parties and rebuilt the mills. They manufacture 
lumber of all kinds, employing about thirty-five men. 
They run the mill about nine months in a year, seven of 
them night and day. They manufacture about one mil- 1 
lion feet of long lumber, two million of shingles, three 



million staves, fifty thousand pair dressed heading, and 
one hundred thousand lath. Horace Plummer married 
Julia R. Fisher, daughter of Henry and Rebecca Fisher, 
of West Winterport. They have one daughter, Georgie B. 

Moses Ingalls, of Passadumkeag, is a son of Moses 
Ingalls, who came to Olamon, in the town of Greenbush, 
from what is now Amherst, Maine. He was a native of 
Bethel, Maine. His father, Samuel Ingalls, was of Scotch 
descent, and lived and died in Bethel. Moses Ingalls, 
Sr., married Abigail Stiles, of Waterford. They had 
nine children, viz : Betsy, Susan, Polly, deceased ; Nathan, 
of Woodville, Maine ; Aaron, of Bangor ; Moses ; Abbie, 
now Mrs. Daniel Orcutt, of Fort Fairfield, Maine: Nancy, 
now Mrs. Austin, of Milford; and Enoch L., of Minne- 
sota. Mr. Ingalls died in 1864. Moses Ingalls, Jr., was 
born November 27, 1S16, in Amherst, Maine. He first 
settled in Passadumkeag, where he now lives. He mar- 
ried Eleanor Angove for his first wife, by whom he had 
five children, viz: Frank, of Bangor; Cyrus, deceased; 
Nancy, deceased ; Emma, wife of George Johnston, of 
Hancock, Minnesota; and Clara, deceased. Mrs. In- 
galls died in 1866. Mr. Ingalls married for his second 
wife Miss Martha Scott, of Greenbush. Mr. Ingalls has 
held most of the town offices in his town from time to 
time. 

E. P. Tibbitts, of Passadumkeag, is a son of Elisha 
M. Tibbitts, of Kenduskeag, Maine. Elisha M. Tib- 
bitts married Mary Jane Matthews, daughter of John 
Matthews, of Anson. They had eight children, viz : 
Susan, wife of Oliver A. Lunt, of San Francisco, Cali- 
fornia; Priscilla, wife of Fred Wicker, of Melrose, Cali- 
fornia; George, now in Pioneer City, Montana; Elisha, 
deceased; and Edward P. They lost three in early life. 
Mr. Tibbitts died in 184S. Mrs. Tibbitts survives him. 
Edward P. was born December 25, 1845, in Kenduskeag, 
and lived there until 1S6S, when he moved to Passadum- 
keag, where he now lives, two miles from Passadumkeag 
village. He married Eleanor Frances Jelleison, of Green- 
bush. They have four children — George O., Calvin C, 
Edith May, and Alice Meriie. NFr. Tibbitts is now one 
of the Selectmen. 

D. B. Bean, of Enfield, was born May 4, 1842. His 
father, Watson D. Bean, was a native of China, Maine. 
His grandfather's name was Daniel. Watson D. Bean 
married Louisa H. Irish, of Vassalboro. They had six 
children, viz: D. B.; Timothy W., deceased; Daniel B., 
deceased; David A., deceased; Mary A., wife of Joseph 
F. St. Clair, of Bangor; Watson D., Jr., deceased. D. 
B. Bean, on arriving of age, enlisted in the army and was 
three years in the civil war. On returning from the war 
he worked on the river and in the woods two years, then 
learned the blacksmith's trade, at which he has since 
worked. He settled in Passadumkeag in i860, where he 
has since lived. He married Lydia Batchelder, of Pas- 
sadumkeag. They have four children, viz : E. F. Stan- 
ton, Morris D., Ethel May, and Nina Louisa. Mr. Bean 
has been Constable for ten years in this town. 



PATTEN 



Continuing up the valley of the Penobscot and up the 
East Branch, and out upon one of its little tributaries 
just below the inflow of the Seboois, and we are at Pat- 
ten, seventy-four miles from Bangor, and the northernmost 
town in the county, save only Mt. Chase. This town has 
that town on the north, Crystal Plantation, Aroostook 
county, on the east, Stacyville Plantati.on, Penobscot 
county, on the south, and Township No. 3, in the seventh 
Range, on the west. Hersey town, in Aroostook county, 
corners with Patten on the northeast, and Sherman, in 
the same county, corners with it on the southeast. It 
was itself formerly Township No. 4, in the Sixth Range, 
and comes pretty near being an even thiity-six-mile town- 
ship. Its west line is the regulation six miles in length, 
but by some defect of surveys the east side of the town 
is a trifle less wide, and the boundary that way has only 
a length of a little more than five and three-quarter 
miles, although broken five miles from the northeast cor- 
ner, and running off southwesterly to a rather sharp angle 
a little less than half a mile east of its own meridian. 
This widens the extreme south edge of the town to a 
trifle more than six miles, its width at the north line 
being but five and two-third miles, and the same all the 
way down to the break in the east boundary. The strip 
lost to Patten by the pushing of this line westward does 
not, however, cost it any large area — the town has still 
between thirty-four and thirty-five square miles of surface. 

Patten has no large ponds or lakes, although there is 
one of the former, of respectable size, measuring about 
half a mile in greatest diameter each way, in the north 
central part of the Aest side of the town. From the 
northwest a small affluent, rising in the northeast of 
Township 4, runs into one of the small bays of the pond. 
.Similarly, from the southwest, a tributary of somewhat 
more than a mile's length, rising on the west line of the 
town, flows into the pond. Into a little bay on the north- 
east also runs a small stream from the north. From the 
southwest cove tuns one of the headwaters of the Mo- 
lunkus Stream. It has a curvilinear course of about four 
and one-quarter miles across the rest of the town in a 
general east direction to Patten village, just outside of 
which it joins the Fish Stream. This rises in the south- 
western part of Mt. Chase, crosses the Patten line about 
a mile from the northwest corner, and runs thence south- 
east and east across the town six and one-half miles to 
the east line, when it passes into Aroostook. It also 
passes through Patten village half a mile or more from 
the line, and there furnishes valuable power to mills and 
factories. Within about a mile of the town it receives 
two small tributaries from the northward, their mouths 
being only about one-quarter of a mile apart. Through 
478 



the north part of Patten village another affluent flows 
from the northward, makiag a pond on the way near the ■ 
Congregational church, where it divides for a short dis- 
tance into two streams, the reunited brook flowing on to a 
junction with the Fish Stream on the east side of the vil- 
lage. North and south of Patten post-office, within two 
miles each way, are the head-streams of other waters that 
belong to Aroostook county. In the south part of the 
town, also, below the southern tributary from the pond to 
the Fish Stream, are eight or ten brooks and headwaters 
of the Salmon Stream and other brooks that run to the 
southward. It is a very well-watered town. 

Patten village is a fine little place. It consists mainly 
of one pretty long street, with two or three cross and 
branch streets built up a little distance each way. It has 
a post-office. Congregational, Baptist, and Methodist 
churches, a public school-house and an academy bnild- 
ing, some half-dozen stores, and several mills and fac- 
tories. It is as yet the only village or post-office in the 
town. 

Through Patten village passes, on a line nearly parallel 
with the east boundary of the town, and generally little 
more than half a mile from it, one of the roads to Houl- 
ton. Most of the settlement of the town is on this high- 
way. Many are settled, however, on a westerly road 
which branches off from it about a mile and a half from 
the south line and runs some four miles into the interior, 
but stops before reaching the west line of the town. Half 
a mile before its end a northerly road connects it with the 
Waters road, so called from its running through the 
Waters settlement. It leaves the main north and south 
road at the north part of Patten village, and runs straight 
out to the neighborhood of the pond, where it stops. 
There is no road running entirely across the town, and 
but the one highway entirely traversing it the other way. 
Nearly one and a half miles west of Patten village a road 
strikes off from the most northerly country road, and runs 
northwest across Mount Chase, and across the wilderness 
to the AUaguash country. From the village also run 
roads east and southeast into Crystal Plantation, also one 
a mile north of Patten from School No. 3, above which 
a little way another country road runs off for a mile west. 

Our inquiries of the present residents of Patten, for 
information concerning its history, have failed to elicit 
any response, and the facts obtained elsewhere are rather 
meagre. The tract was originally known, as it still stands 
in the surveys, as Township No. 4, in the Sixth Range. 
Civilized settlement got in here about the year 1828; but 
it remained Township No. 4 until 1841, when the popula- 
tion justified incorporation as a town. April i6th of that 
year it was accordingly erected into such a municipality. 




J(47/^ J^il^t/^, 



^?^^;;o 










Residence of JOHN GARDNER. Pat'^ph pfnobscot County \f -f ^ 



jri-^ 




hi^ 1 



^5'e'W)^2W3^^r^*=»«>^-^<!fi^' ji--*ai^^swi?>«.^^-r--v*r*~ 



Kesjdence of JOHN BENJAMIN, M. D„ Carmel, Penobscot Co,, Maine, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



479 



by the name it now bears. In 1850 it had 470 inhabitants, 
65Q in 1S60, 704 in 1S70, and 716 in 1S80. It popula- 
tion, as. may thus be seen, has not decreased in any de- 
cade of its existence, and it is a fairly populous and pros- 
perous tract for a far northern town. Its polls in i860 
numbered 142, 153 in 1870, and 193. in 1880. The 
valuation of estates in these several years was $126,711, 
$191,342, and $198,358. 

The same year the town was incorporated, and a little 
before its incorporation, — that is, on the ist of March, 
1841, — the Congregational church of Patten was organ- 
ized. It has been maintained for more than forty years, 
and is now under the pastoral care of Rev. Charles N. 
Sinnett. There are also Methodist and Baptist churches 
in the town, the former under the pastorate of Rev. F. 
H. Osgood, the latter of Rev. E. A. VanKleeck. 

The Patten Academy was incorporated in 1846, 
and its building still stands m the village, as before noted. 
It has not been constantly kept up ; but the town has a 
sufficiency of good primary public schools. 

The business of the town is mainly agricultural, and 
there are fine farms and farming lands in this beautiful 
valley. Many of the fairs of the North Penobscot and 
Aroostook .\gricultural Society have been held here, of 
of which further notice may be found in our chapter on 
the societies and fairs. The farmers, as well as manufac- 
turers, in this region are intelligent and enterprising, and 
some of these annual industrial reunions have been quite 
notable. 

The manufactures in Patten of late have comprised 
one saw-mill, one carding- and grist-mill, one manufactory 
of furniture, one of sash, doors, and blinds, one of har- 
ness, one of boots and shoes, and one of tinware. There 
are two blacksmith shops and one wheelwright, one milli- 
ner, and five general stores; also three resident physicians, 
one lawyer, and one notary. There is one hotel — the 
Patten House. 

The only society of importance exclusively in the town, 
except the churches, is Katahdin Lodge of Free and Ac- 
cepted Masons. 

The town officers for 1S81 weie: I. D. Fish, Samuel 
Waters, L. B. Rogers, Selectmen ; Laroy Miles, Town 
Clerk; I. D. Fish, Treasurer; Charles R. Brown, Consta- 
ble ; Charles D. Fish, George F. Burleigh, W. P. Leslie, 
School Committee; S. E. Benjamin, James B. Leslie 
(Quorum), Daniel Scribner, Horace Miles, Charles W. 
Wescott (Trial), Ira B. Gardiner (Uedimus), Justices. 
Mr. C. Bradford is Postmaster. 

A W.\R BIOGRAPHY. 

[From the Reports of the Adjutant General of the 
State for the war period.] 

Lieutenant Edwin S. Rogers. — Edwin Searle 
Rogers was born in fatten January 31, 1843, and was a 
student at Bow-doin College in the class of 1865. While 
in his junior year, regarding it to be his duty to enter the 
United States service, he left college in February and re- 
turned to Patten, where he enlisted about thirty men, and 
was thereupon commissioned second lieutenant of Com- 
pany E, Thirty-first Regiment, Maine Volunteers, and 



was mustered into the United States service in March, 
1864, at Augusta. In the absence of tlie superior offi- 
cers he took and held command of the company until 
within a few days of his capture and death. Lieutenant 
Rogers was in the battle of the Wilderness and shared in 
the dangers of the eight days' fighting and fatiguing 
marches previous to the battle of Spottsylvania, in which 
he also participated. He was again with his regiment in 
the subsequent actions and marches until the battle of 
Cold Harbor, where, on the 7th of June, 1864, while in 
command of a picket line, he was struck by a rifle-ball, 
which passed through his lungs. He was then taken 
prisoner and left by the rebels in a tent on their way to 
Richmond, where, it is conjectured, he died on the same 
day. The deceased was a young man of much promise, 
genial in society and camp and brave on the field, thus 
winning the affection of his comrades and the approba- 
tion of his superior officers. 

Lieutenant Rogers is also suitably noticed in the Bow- 
doin College Roll of Honor. 

OTHER biographies. 

Colonel Ira B. Gardner,of Patten, a son of Hon. John 
Gardner, was born January 10, 1843. He was educated 
at the Patten Academy, and worked in his father's store 
and mill when not in school. At the breaking out of the 
Rebellion he enlisted, November 28, 1861, when eighteen 
years old. In April, 1862, he was commissioned Second 
Lieutenant, and First Lieutenant in June of the same 
year. He was advanced to Captain of Company I, 
Fourteenth Maine Volunteers, in December of the same 
year. He commanded the company at the batde of 
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, August 5, 1862, in which en- 
gagement he lost nineteen killed and wounded out of 
fifty-four of his company. For his gallant conduct during 
this battle he was publicly complimented and brevetted 
Major. At the close of that engagement he was detailed 
on the staff of General H. E. Paine, Brigadier Com- 
manding, serving in that capacity for several months. He 
was with the regiment in all its important engagements, 
and commanded it for two weeks during the memorable 
siege of Port Hudson. In the battle of Winchester, Vir- 
ginia, lie lost his right arm, and was brevetted Lieutenant- 
Colonel for meritorious conduct. He remained with the 
regiment till the close of its term of service, and was 
mustered out with it. Since leaving the United States 
service he has been engaged in the mercantile and lumber 
business in Patten; also in the manufacture of potato 
starch. He married Helen M. Darling, daughter of 
Horatio N. and Harriet L). Darling, of Patten. They 
have four children — Albert P., Raymond D., Ida M., 
and Herbert N. Colonel Gardner has served as Deputy 
Sheriff eight years, also as Justice of the Peace. He is 
well known as a brave soldier and an honorable citizen. 

Moses Twitchell, of New Portland, Maine, had four 
sons — James, William, Rufus, and Moses. James 
Twitchell married Polly Haskell, of New Gloucester. 
They lived the greater part of their lives in New Port- 
land, and had eight children, of whom only three are liv- 
ing, Harriet, wife of ^Villiam Greenleaf, of New Vineyard, 



48o 



HISTORY OF PEN0J5SC0T COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



Maine; Ruble, wife of Simeon Hanson, of New Portland, 
and J. H., the subject of this sketch. The names of the 
deceased were Mary, Adeline, Henry, Lucinda, and 
Sally. Mr. Twitchell died in 1840; his wife died the 
previous year. John H. Twitchell was born June 11, 
1820, and spent his boyhood on a farm. On becoming 
of age he settled where he now lives in Patten. He 
married Miss Matilda N. Clark, daughter of Isaac and 
Mary Clark, of New Brunswick. They had six- children 
— Ruby, wife of Orlando Patterson, of Stacyville, Maine; 
Mary, wife of Louis Ingersoll, of Patten; Luclla, now in 
Lewiston ; Henry, deceased; Frederick, now of Patten; 
and Elmer, at home. Mr. Twitchell has a good farm 
north of Patten village about one and a half miles. 

B. T. Elwell, of Patten, came from Belfast, Maine, in 
1862. He is a son of George Washington Elwell, of 
Islesboro. G. Ehvell married Abigail Pendleton, and 
had si.\ children — Abigail, George Washington (de. 
ceased), William T. (deceased), Harriet (deceased), 
Maria A., and Benjamin T. He was a sea captain, and 
lost his life at sea about 181 2. Mrs. Elwell died in Oc- 
tober, i860. Benjamin T. Elwell was born July 18, 
1812. He spent some of his early life on the water, and 
in 181 2 he bought a vessel and commanded it himself. 
He followed the sea a year or so; then he sold out and 
bought a farm in Montville, Maine. In 1842 he married 
Mrs. Betsey Morse, whose maiden name was Poor. She 
died in 1848, and Mr. E. married for his second wife 
Miss Martha Wilson, with whom he is now living about ' 
three miles from Patten Village. He lived five years in 
Mt. Chase, where he was a Selectman four years. 

John R. Hammond, who was born May 18, 1822, in 
the town of Paris, Oxford county, Maine, is a son of 
Joseph and Lydia Hammond {nee Lydia Parsons), who 
had sixteen children, of whom about a dozen grew to 
man and w^omanhood. Joseph Hammond died about 
eighteen years ago, and Mrs. Hammond soon followed. 
John R. Hammond first settled in Crystal, Aroostook 
county, where he lived about ten years, and there mar- 
ried Jeanette A. Cushman. In 1855 he moved to Pat- 
ten and settled where he now lives. He has a fine farm 
and a very good set of farm buildings, and owns several 
hundred acres of land. Mr. and Mrs. Hammond have 
had seven children : Susan M., deceased ; Dora A., 
wife of L. M. Grant, of Patten; Adna O., deceased; 
Florence M., wife of George T. Merrill, of Patten ; Eda, 
now at home. 

One the early settlers and prominent men of Patten is 
Mr. E. G. Stetson, who came here in March, 1841, a 
month before the town was incorporated. He is a son 
of Abel Stetson, of Sumner, Oxford county, Maine. His 
grandfather, Hezekiah Stetson, was a native of Massa- 
chusetts, who came into the Province of Maine soon 
after the Revolutionary War. Elbridge Gerry Stetson 
was born June 15, 181 1. He lived two years in Paris, 
Maine, ere coming to Patten after his marriage. In 
1841 he built a store here, and a house the same year. 
He engaged in trade with Mr. Gardner six years, when 
he closed the partnership and continued in trade alone 
some six or seven years, when he sold out his goods, 



since which he has been engaged in farming. He mar- 
ried Electa Walker, of Paris. They have had two chil- 
dren, viz : William H., deceased, and Mary A., wife of 
Calvin Bradford, of Patton. Mr. Stetson has often held ' 
prominent town office. Mrs. Stetson died in 1873. 

Mr. Joseph Frye, but recently deceased, was born in 
Vermont. His father's name' was Timothy H. Frye, 
who had five children, viz : Timothy H., Jr., Jacob, 
Abiah H., Rachel, deceased, and Jerome, of Patten. 
Jacob Frye came to Patten from Wilton, Maine, in 1840, 
as a peddler, and was afterwards engaged in the hotel 
business. He built a saw-mill here and manufactured 
lumber at one time. He established the cheese factory 
in Patten. Alter leaving the hoiel he built a machine 
shop with Mr. Darling, and was for some time engaged 
in that. The hotel coming back on his hands, he sold 
out his interest in the shop and again went into the 
hotel. He died very suddenly August 13, 1881. He 
married for his first wife Paulina Pettigrew, by whom he 
had six children, all of whom are dead. Mrs. Frye died 
in 1873, and Mr. Frye married again, a Mrs. Burleigh, 
who is still living in Patten. 

William B. Mitchell, of Patten, is a grandson of John 
Mitchell, who came to New Hampshire when a young 
man. He had five sons: Daniel, Samuel, Andrew, 
John, and Joseph. Joseph Mitcliell, the youngest son, 
married Mercy Buzzell. They lived in Cambridge, 
Maine, and had nine children; Daniel, now of 
Cambridge; Nathaniel, of Harmony; John, deceased; 
Jonathan, of Cambridge; Joseph, of Union Village, 
New Hampshire; Jacob, of Union Village, New Hamp- 
shire; William B.; Benjamin W., of Cambridge, 
and Alva W., of Cambridge. Joseph Mitchell died Au- 
gust 17, x88o. Mrs. Mitchell is living, now eighty-six 
years old. William B. Mitchell was born in Norway, 
Maine, January 2 1, 1830, and settled in Patten when 
eighteen years of age. He married Miss Joan F. Car- 
penter, daughter of John and Joan Carpenter, of Patten. 
They have five children: Jefferson C, of this town; 
Joseph; Rice C; Mary A., and Fred. 

George F. Weeks, of Patten, is a son of Francis and 
Hannah C. Weeks, who came from China, Weeks Mills, 
into Penobscot county in 1840. He first settled in 
Mount Chase, where he lived thirty-eight years, when he 
moved into Patten, where he lived the remainder of his 
life. He married Hannah Eaton, of New Hampshire. 
They had eleven children, eight boys and two girls, of 
whom only four are now living, viz: Mrs. Webster, of 
Orono, Cordelia by name; Solomon S., now in Califor- 
nia; M. Paulina, now Mrs. Clark, of Santa Rosa, Califor- 
nia, and George F., of this town. Mr. Weeks died in 
August, 1 88 1. Mrs. Weeks died in 1870. George F. 
Weeks was born December 6, 1846, in Mount Chase. 
He went into the army in 1861, and remained through 
the war; was in Company B, Eighth Regiment Maine 
Volunteers. At the close of the war he went home to 
Mount Chase and lived two years, when he moved to 
Patten, where he has since lived. He married Miss 
Lucetta P. Knowles, of Rockabema. They have four 
children: Alice L., Gracie A., Arietta, and Emma A. 



'■■■ ' .^ 







Residence of JOHN R, HAMMOND, Patten, Penobscot County, Me. 




^,e^A<n- '^/^. J^^r^T-i-y^^J^n-o^Jifi. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



481 



One of the early settlers, who came to Patten as early 
as 1839, is Mr. S. Waters, who came from Palermo, 
Waldo county. He is a son of William and .Mary Wat- 
ers {nci- Mary Rice). They had twelve children, of 
whom Samuel is the third. He was born February 17, 
181 5, in the town of Newcastle, Maine. On becoming 
of age he came to Patten and settled on the land where 
he now lives, about two miles west from the village. He 
married Helen Hayden, daughter of Hiram and Eliza- 
beth Havden, of Bangor. They have one daughter, 
Emily, now at home. William Waters died in 1864, and 
Mrs. Waters some years after. 

Mr. James E. Parker, of Patten, was born in Rome, 
Kennebec county, Maine, .\pril i, 1838. His father, 
Aniasa Parker, married Rosanna FLl.'is, a daughter of 
Rev. Ivory Ellis. They had seven children, viz : Ben- 
jamin F., now deceased; James E.; Ellen, wife of E. 
McKechnie, of Sangerville, Maine; John, deceased; Le- 
roy, deceased; Ivory, deceasd; Abbie, deceased; all the 
last named died of the diphtheria in 1862. Amasa Par- 
ker died August 16, 1867. Mrs. Parker is now living 
with James E., in Patten. James E. Parker was raised 
on the farm. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the ICighth 
Maine N'olunteers, Company B. He remained with his 
regiment two years, until discharged for disability. After 
his return he engaged in farming in Patten, on the old 
homestead where his father settled in 1S40. His father 
was one of the pioneer settlers and cleared up the farm 
from the standing trees. James E. Parker married 
.\bigail Sargent, daughter of Lewis Sargent, of Mount 
Chase. They have had two children, one of whom, 
Hattie by name, recently died of diphtheria. The other 
is named Edroy. 

Ira D. Fish, who came to Prentiss from Ashland, 
Aroostook county, Maine, is a son of Hon. Ira and Abra 
Fish, of Milton, New Hampshire. They came from 
New Hampshire to Lincoln in 1826 or 1827, and were 
among the first settlers in Lincoln. Mr. Fish built the 
first saw-mill in Lincoln, in company with a Mr. Wendell 
and Mr. Varney. He lived there until he came to Pat- 
ten, in 1847. O" coming to Patten he built the first 
mills here, before moving his family here, and manu- 
actured lumber for a number of years. After selling 
his mills here he engaged'in farming. He was also en- 



gaged in lumbering in connection with his mill and farm 
business. He was at one time a Representative in the 
Legislature and also a State Senator. He died in Patten, 
May 24, 1872. Mrs. Fish died in February, 1879. To 
this couple were born three children : Ira D.; Charles, 
now in Brunswick, Maine; Louisa, deceased. Ira D. 
Fish was born September iS, 1822. On becoming of 
age he worked at farming in Lincoln. In 1846 he went 
to Ashland and engaged in lumbering, where he lived 
about twenty years, when he moved to Patten. Since 
coming to Patten he has not been engaged in active bus- 
iness. He married Lucinda Miller, daughter of John 
Miller, of Enfield. They have two children : Charles 
D., of Patten, and Ella, now at home. Mr. Fish served 
as County Commissioner in Aroostook county. In i860 
he was sent to the Legislature from Patten. 

James W. Cunningham, who came to Patten from Mt.- 
Chase in 1870, is a son of Thomas Cunningham, a na- 
tive of New Brunswick, who married Frances Monroe. 
They had si.x children, viz: Hugh, of Mt. Chase, Maine; 
James W.; Sarah A., wife of William West, of Sprmg- 
field, Maine; Martha, deceased; Thomas, now of Mt. 
Chase; George, also in Mt. Chase. Mr. and Mrs. Cun- 
ningham have been dead many years. James W. Cun- 
ningham was born in New Brunswick April i, 1848, and 
first settled in Mt. Chase, where he lived about six years, 
then moved to Patten. He married Sarah A. Baston, of 
Moro Plantation. They have four children, viz: Charlie, 
Jesse, Gertrude, and Pearl. 

Roscoe G. Mitchell, of Patten, is a son of James S. 
and Mary A. Mitchell, nee Mary Royal. James S. and 
Mary Mitchell had three sons — Horace W., deceased; 
Roscoe G., and Leroy F., now of California. Mr. Mitch- 
ell came to Patten from Monroe, in Waldo county, in 
1 841. He was a farmer and mechanic, and worked at 
his trade a portion of the time. He died in 1875, Octo- 
ber 12. Roscoe G. Mitchell was born May 17, 1844. 
He settled on the old homestead near the village of 
Patten, where he has always resided. He married for 
his first wit'e Jennie Woodard, of Patten; she died in 
March, 1872, leaving one daughter, Eva May. Mr. 
Mitchell married for his second wife Miss Susan R. 
Campbell, of Fort Kent, Maine. They have four chil- 
dren: James S., Vinnie, Blanche, Roscoe N., and Delia. 



PLYMOUTH. 



Plymoutli is in the same range of townships with Ban- 
gor, on the old system of surveys, and is a little more 
than sixteen miles distant from that place, across Etna, 
Carmel, and Hermon. It is the westernmost town of its 
range in Penobscot county; and, by a short break in the 
line just below, is also at one of the several southwest 
corners of the county. It is separated from Jackson, 
Waldo county, only by Dixmont, which, with Troy, also 
in Waldo county, is its neighbor on the south. On the 
west is Detroit, Somerset county; on the north Newport 
and a very narrow strip of Palmyra, Somerset county, 
caused by another fault in the west line of Penobscot; 
and on the east by Etna. 

Plymouth is not a full township. Its length (or 
breadth) is six miles on the west line only, narrowing 
thence by nearly one-fourth of a mile on the east line. 
The north line, by the intrusion of Etna, is narrowed to 
a little more than four and three-fourths miles, and this 
width is reduced to four and one-lialf miles before the 
town widens again. Tlie south line is pushed eastward, 
and a break in the east line by a projection of the south 
strip of Plymouth easterly by about a mile's length from 
north to south, and about two-thirds of a mile in breadth. 
This makes the south line something over five miles long. 

The principal waters of this town are the twin lakes 
jointly known as Plymouth Pond. They occupy the 
southeast quarter of the town, and are, respectively, the 
one on the east two and one-eighth miles long by three- 
fourths of a mile broad in its widest part, and the wester- 
ly one two miles by about one mile. The east lake lies 
from southeast to northwest. At its head it receives the 
outlet of Skinner Pond, in the north part of Dixmont, 
which comes in a short stream through that town and 
the southeast angle of Plymouth. From Etna flow to 
the pond on the northeast side the waters of several Etna 
streams, which unite shortly before reaching the town 
line, and flow about a mile further to the pond. The 
west part of the pond lies from southwest to northeast. 
It receives from the south one tiny affluent near its head. 
The outlet of the pond goes west of north into Newport, 
and there joins the Sebasticook Stream. On each side 
this outlet receives in Plymouth one tributary, each of 
two to three miles' length, and flowing wholly in this 
town. 

At the foot of Plymouth Pond and beginning of the 
outlet is Plymouth village, with a post-office, a Union 
meeting-house, a public school-house, a saw-mill, grist- 
mill, tannery, and the usual business quarter of a coun- 
try place. A road comes in here from between the two 
lakes which form Plymouth Pond, which it reaches by a 
northwest route from Dixmont and the southeast corner 



of the town. A road from the south intersects it just be- 
fore it enters between the two waters. This is crossed by 
an east and west road from the other at School No. 3, 
which runs west and southwest some two miles into Dix- 
mont. 

From Plymouth post-office also diverges a highway 
running southwest to the near neighborhood of the south- 
west corner of the town, where it runs into Tro)'. This 
is the most densely settled road in the town. Roads 
also run east and west from Plymouth to Etna and De- 
troit, respectively; and another north into Newport. The 
latter is intersected, a little above the village, by a south- 
west road that comes in from the northwest angle of 
Etna. 

West of Plymouth Pond and the post-office a highway 
runs north and south through the whole town, from Troy 
to Newport, much of it being very well settled up. 
Schools No. 3 and 4, and the Town Farm, are on this 
road, the latter near the crossing of the northwest road . 
from the village to Detroit. A number of short routesj 
connect conveniently the principal roads here enumerated. 

Plymouth is not touched by the Maine Central Rail- 
road, although that iron way approaches its north line 
very closely half a mile east of the East Newport station. 
This and Newport village afford the Plymouth people 
the only near railway facilities they enjoy as yet. 

The soil of Plymouth is fairly fertile and productive; 
and the surface, formerly covered with a dense forest, is 
still quite well timbered. 

The materials for the early history of this town are 
rather scant, but some facts concerning it are known. 
Its earliest annals belong in part to Etna, in this county, 
and in part to Chandlerville (later and now Detroit), in 
Somerset county; since, when the town was erected in 
1826, part of it was taken from one of these towns and 
part from the other. The Etna division was settled about 
the year 1807. The settlement of the Chandlerville sec- 
tion, it being still further in the interior, must have been 
later, and very likely several years later, since Chandler- 
ville itself was not incorporated until 1828. 

In one or the other of these tracts, however, it is well 
ascertained that by about the year 181 2, or at the out- 
break of the last war with Great Britain, the following- 
named pioneers had made their settlements : 

Joseph and Amos Chandler (from whom the name! 
"Chandlerville" was doubtless derived — a name which, 
by the way, or some other appropriate designation, should 
have been retained, since Detroit, meaning a "strait," 
has no fitness whatever in its application to an inland 
town. 

Simeon and Edmund Hartford. 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



483 



William and Ichabod Allen. 

Daniel Holbrook. 

William Phips. 

John P. Palmer. 

Jacob Brooks. 

Population flowed in slowly, however, to this compar- 
atively far inland region, and the numbtr of inhabitants 
in the western strip of Etna and the eastern part of the 
Chandlerville territory was not enough, for nearly twenty 
years after the first settlement, to demand the formation 
of a town for nearer governmental facilities than they en 
joyed. Finally, however, in the winter of 1825-26, the 
petition of the people went in for the erection of the 
municipality; and the town of Plymouth was duly incor- 
porated by the Legislature of Maine on the 21st of Feb- 
ruary, 1826. Three miles of its breadth from east to 
west were taken from Etna, in Penobscot county, and 
two miles from that part of Somerset county which two 
years afterwards (Febtuaiy 19, 1828) became Chandler 
ville, and in 1S44 became Detroit. 

The tracts thus conjoined to constitute Plymouth must 
already have had, for the size of them, a very respectable 
population. Only four years afterwards, by the census 
of 1830, the new town contained 503 people. In ten 
years more it had increased by 340, or nearly seventy 
per cent., and had a population of 843. For twenty 
years more its numbers continued to increase. In 1850 
it had 925 residents, and 989 in i860. There was then 
here, as in nearly every town of the county and of a 
large part of Maine, a slight reduction. In 1870 the in- 
habitants of Plymouth numbered 941, and 828 in 1880. 

The polls of Plymouth in i<S6o were reported at 220; 
in 1870 at 279; and in 1880 at 204. 

The estates of Plymouth in these years, severally, were 
$143,875, $188,350, $183,193. These, at least, have 
pretty nearly been kept good, in the face of hard times 
and the decrease of population. 

The first regular church organization to include the 
people of this region was the Congregational society, 
formed November 16, 1807, by the communicants and 
sympathizers of this faith among them, in union with the 
Congregationalists of the older town of Dixmont. It 
was, in fact, mainly a Di.xmont church. The Rev. 
Messrs. Samuel and Jotham Sewall, well-known pioneers 
of their denomination in Southern and Eastern Maine, 
together with the Rev. Daniel Lovejoy, were present at 
the organization of this society, and aided it to take the 
first few and feeble steps of its infancy. It grew and 
flourished fairly with the years, and finally the Plymouth 
members were numerous and strong enough to draw off 
and form a church by themselves, which was done De- 
cember 14, 1834. The two societies, however, in time 
reaped the frequent consequences of division, and after 
seventeen years of separation they were reunited on the 
old foundation September 10, 1861. 

But Plymouth still does not lack for religious organiza- 
tions. It has, indeed, a very good number of them, and 
of resident clergymen, for its population. Of the latter 
it has the Rev. Messrs. S. Wentworth, Methodist, and 
Nelson Stackpole, Christian (or Disciple), each of these 



churches having societies in the town, as also the Free 
Baptists. The Rev. V. D. Sweetland ministers to this ; 
and the Plymouth Methodists have another preacher in 
the person of the Rev. John Tingley, of Dixmont. 

The only society of note in the town, not religious, is 
the Plymouth Lodge of Free and .'Accepted Masons, 
which meets on the Tuesdays on or next before the full 
moons. 

There is but one post-office in Plymouth, of which 
Mr. Benjamin Loud is in charge. 

The town has two hotels — the Plymouth House, kept 
by Mr. E. H. Bridgham ; and the Eagle Hotel, whose 
landlord is G. W. Day. 

The manufacturers and artisans of Plymouth include 
one lumberman, one tannery firm, one carriage-maker 
and one carriage-ironer, one cabinet-maker, one carder 
and weaver, one coffin-maker and painter, one carpenter, 
one cooper, one dressmaker, one barber, four butchers, 
and two smiths. 

The merchants and tradesmen are in three general 
stores, two millinery and fancy-goods shops, two jewelry 
stores, one boot and shoe store, and one drug store. 
There is also one dealer in cattle and wool, with one 
resident physician. 

The town officers for 1881 were: J. W. Eaton, M. J. 
Dow, A. R. Clark, Selectmen ; W. S. McNelly, Town 
Clerk ; S. B. Thayer, Treasurer ; John Robinson, Con- 
stable and Collector; Daniel Prescott, School Supervisor; 
Benjamin Loud, John W. Phinney (Quorum), S. B. Thay- 
er (Trial), Justices. 

George B. Leviatt, the subject of this sketch, is a son 
of William Leviatt, who emigrated from Waterboro, 
New Hampshire, to the town of Newburg in an early 
day and was one of the pioneers of the town. Seven 
years after that he removed to Newport, Maine, where 
he was also one of the first settlers of the town, taking up 
a farm, clearing and building, and lived here about two 
years. He died in Newport at the age of sixty-five. He 
married Judith Bickford, daughter of George Bickford, of 
Parsonsville, Maine, and by this union nine children 
were born: Gideon, William, James, Dudley, George 
B., Boyd C, Anna, Sarah, and Asenith, of whom four are 
living. Their mother died at tlie age of ninety-three 
years and six months, in Plymouth. George B. Leviatt 
was born in Newburg August 30, 181 1. He left home 
at the age of ten years and took care of himself from that 
time up. At the age of seventeen he worked at lumber- 
ing for several years, and since that time has been en- 
gaged in farming and lumbering. He settled in Ply- 
mouth in 1839, on the place now occupied by him. He 
has been one of the Selectmen for a number of years, 
also a Representative to the Legislature one term, and 
County Commissioner. He married Nancy Bickford, 
daughter of Ichabod and Betsey Bickford, of Newburg. 
By this union nine children were born: William, born 
May 14, 1 84 1, married Sarah Stackpole; Charles H., 
born February 15, 1843, died in Washington Circuit 
Hospital, enlisted in First Maine Cavalry, Company C ; 
Charlie H.; George H., born March 8, 1845, di?d March 
10 1845; '*^'° infants unnamed; Georgia, born December 



484 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



19, 1849, died February 23, 1857; John T., born Octo- 
ber 10, 1855, died November 19, 1855; Georgia Etta, 
born January 31, 1857, died July 6, 187S. 

Parker Eaton was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, 
where he learned the joiner's trade, and married Mary 
Manson. During the War of 181 2 he landed in a 
schooner at the mouth of the Penobscot River, and fol- 
lowed logging roads toNewport. He settled in Plymouth 
in 1821, and occupied himself in joining and farming; 
he was the designer and builder of the floating bridge. 
He was one of the most prominent politicians of the 
county, and held the office of justice of the peace for eigh- 
teen years. He kept the first and only hotel in Plymouth 
for many years. He had eight children, viz: Moses 
Manson, Mary W., Joseph W., Shepherd F., Hosea Bal- 
lou, Thomas V., (deceased) Thomas A. R. (deceased). 
Joseph W. was born in Newport April 4, 1S14; married 
Samantha R. Ireland, of St. Albans, and had four chil- 
dren — Statira, Samantha Y., Hannibal Hamlin, and 
Joseph. November 8, 1865, his wife died, and he mar- 
ried Sarah S. Hodge July 13, 1867. He was Deputy 
Sheriff for twelve years; has held prominent town and 
county offices, and served three terms in the Legislature; 
for twenty-four years he has been Chairman of the 
Board of Selectmen, and for six years has been County 
Commissioner. Hosea Ballou Eaton, M. D., was born in 
Plymouth March 24, 1822, and married Martha W. 
Glover, of Camden, January i6, 1S48. They had chil- 
dren as follow: John Parker, born November 21, 1849; 
died February 20, 1852. Martha Y., born January 8, 
1853; married A. F. Piper, M. D., and lives in Thom- 
aston. H. B. Jr., M. D., born September 17, 1855, is 
practicing medicine in Camden with his father. Thomas 
G., A. M., born February 17, 1858, a graduate of Am- 
herst College, is now a member of the Boston University 
of Law. 

Albert R. Clark is a son of Amasa Clark, of Waldo 
county, who was one of the early settlers of the county. 
He was in the War of 181 2. He died at the age of 
seventytiiree; married Martha Coons, of Waldo county, 
by whom twelve children were born — Albert R., Amasa 
B., Abner K., Henry H., F. C, Martha J., Elizabeth, 
John J., Rachael A., and Charles E., of whom three 
are deceased. The mother died at the age of si.xty-one. 

A. R. Clark, when twenty-one years of age, followed 
the sea for five seasons. He afterwards worked in ship- 
yards seven years in Yirginia & Rockland ship, and went 
to California in 1852, remaining there two years, prospect- 
ing and mining, after which he settled on the place now 
occupied by him in Plymouth. He has held the 
office of Selectman, also Collector and Constable of 
the town of Plymouth. He married Rachael Kid- 
der, daughter of David Kidder, of Knox county, June 
25, 1844. By this union six children were born: Rock- 
well, born August 6, 1850 (deceased), Rodelpha, born 
August 6, 1854 (deceased), Rockwell, second, born Au- 
gust, 1856 (deceased), Osbra P., born October, 1862, 
at home, is now engaged in Lewiston, Maine, in factory 
and Albert, born September, 1864; Abner, now living at 
home. 



John Robinson is a son of William Robinson, whoi 
emigrated from Dublin, Ireland, at the age of ten and 
settled in Carmel, on the place occupied by Frank Gar- 
land. William Robinson was in the War of 1812, receiv- 
ing a pension. He married Lorana Kimball, of Her- 
mon, Maine. By this union eight children were born, 
viz : Reuben, Rufus, William, Thomas A., James, Jeffer- 
son, Sarah, and Lewis K.; seven of whom are living. 
Mrs. Robinson died aged forty years, and he married 
Mercy Page, daughter of Ezekiel D. Page, of Newburg. 
By this union seven children were born, viz : Lorana, 
Betsey, Maria, Richard, John, Henry H., and Helen A.; 
five of whom are living. She died, and he was again 
married to Deborah Grear, of Newburg, and is now 
deceased. 

John Robinson was born in Carmel May 26, 1838. 
He is now Constable and Collector; in 1880 and 1881 
school agent, and has held minor town offices. He mar- 
ried Mary E. Gray, daughter of Charles and Ruth Gray, 
of I!)ixmont, March 28, 1873, in Etna. By this union 
one child was born, viz: Edith M., born June 10, 1864, 
now living at home. 

John Dow, born in Wheelock, Yermont, October 2, 
1808, is a son of David and Elizabeth Dow. His father 
was in the War of 18 12; he died at the age of eighty- 
two ; his wife died at the age of eighty-one. When 
twenty-one years of age he worked at stone-masoning 
about ten years, after which he settled on the farm now 
owned and occupied by him. Mr. Dow has been one of 
the Selectmen for about ten years, and also Constable 
and Collector ; was Representative in the Legislature in 
1850, also served as County Commissioner one term, 
and as Census Enumerator in (860. He married Han- 
nah Jordan, daughter of Rishworth and Charlotte Jor- 
dan, of Danville, Maine, December 5, 1839. By this 
union seven children were born, namely : Emily, born 
January 13, 1843, married Andrew D. Sherburne, of St. 
Albans, now living in Maine township, Lynn county, 
Iowa; Edgar R., born January 10, 1846, married Au- 
gusta M. Dudley, of Newport, and is now living in New- 
port ; Moses J., born in Plymouth April 6, 1849, married 
Annie Paine, of Plymouth, and is now living in Ply- 
mouth ; John S., born in Plymouth May 15, 1851, and 
now living in Madison, Kansas ; Nancy Jane, born at 
Plymouth June 8, 1853, married John Longley, of Ply- 
mouth, and now living in Plymouth ; Sumner Dow, 
born in Plymouth May 13, now living at Eureka, Kan- 
sas ; Sarah Chastine, born in Plymouth November 17, 
1859, living at home, is a successful school-teacher, hav- 
ing taught three terms. Six of the above children have 
been engaged in teaching. 

Nelson Stackpole is a son of Joseph Stackpole, of 
Albion, Kennebec county, who emigrated to the town of 
Plymouth in 1837 and settled on the place now occupied 
by Samuel Conner. He lived on this place about ten 
years, after which he settled on the place occupied by 
his son Judson, where he died. He served in the War of 
1 8 1 2 and received a pension. He married Elizabeth Wig- 
gins, daughter of John Wiggins, of China, Maine. By 
this union nine children were bom, viz: Elbridge G.; 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



485 



Horace; Hill; Sophia; AUuria; Ovid, was a soldier in 
the late war, was taken prisoner and died on Belle 
Isle ; N«lson, Mehitabel, and Joseph H. Nelson was 
born in Albion, Kennebec county, February 13, 1828. 
Mr. Stackpole was converted and united with the Chris- 
tian church at the age of thirty, and has since been a 
member of that church. In 1867 he was orHained as 
minister and is a member of the Maine Eastern Confer- 
ence. He has baptized 137 candidates since his ordina- 
tion. He organized the second Christian church of Ply- 
mouth in 186S; preached to them eight years, and after- 
ward preached at North Newport five years; is now 
pastor of East Newport church and Troy, also East Dix- 



mont; has filled the pulpit every Sabbath since his ordi- 
nation, sickness preventing. He follows farming in sum- 
mer, in winter going out and preaching to the people; 
and through his efforts many have been converted. He 
married Betsey Robinson, daughter of William and 
Mercy Robinson, of Carmel. By this union si.\ children 
were born, viz: Emukis N., born January 28, 1854, died 
February 24, 1855; Ida I,., born June lo, 1855, married 
Wallace Call, of Troy, now living in Atlleboro, Mas- 
sachusetts; Eddie M., born May 16, 1858, died March 
9, 1863; Frank G., born June 25, 1861, died Match 12, 
1863; Rose N., born August 16, 1864, living at home; 
Johnnie F., born December 2, 1872, now living at home. 



PRENTISS. 



This town lies in the easternmost tier of towns and 
plantations in Penobscot, upon the border of Washing- 
ton county. On the north it is separated from Reed's 
and Barker's Plantations, Aroostook county, by only 
Drew Plantation; and from the same county on the south 
by only its next neighbor, Carroll, and Lakeville Planta- 
tion. On the east it is bounded by Township No. 8, in 
the Third Range, and on the west by Webster Plantation. 
Kingman corners with it on the northwest; Springfield 
on the southwest; Kossuth, Washington county, on the 
southeast; and Danforth, also in Washington, comes 
nearly up on the northeast. It was formerly Township 
No. 7, in the Third Range north of Bingham's Penob- 
scot Purchase. It is fifty miles northeast of Bangor in a 
bee-line. 

.\lthough Prentiss occupies the area of a surveyed 
township, it is not a full township of thirty-six square 
miles. No one of its sides, according to the lines of 
the Alias of Penobscot county, which purports to be 
based upon "actual and recent surveys and records," is 
fully six miles long. The north and south boundaries 
are each five and a half miles in length; the east line five 
and a quarter; the west line, by a slight convergence of 
the north limit, is a trifle shorter, its length being but 
five and one-sixth miles. .\11 of its boundaries are right 
lines. 

Prentiss is remarkably well watered, only a strip of 
perhaps a mile's width on the east side of the town being 
comparatively destitute of streams. No ponds or lakes 
of size exist within its limits; but the southernmost point 
of Mud Lake, in Drew Plantation, comes down just to 
the north line, nearly one and a half miles from the 



northwest corner. Into it, a little way up the east side 
and a trifle north of the Prentiss line, comes the Mud 
Brook from the south. This heads, by its east branch, 
itself in two branches, near the south line of Drew, in 
its southeast angle. These unite in Prentiss, half a mile 
below the line, and as much further away the branch is 
joined by a small affluent from the east, and flows west a 
mile and a quarter more to a junction with the West 
Branch. This rises at the southeastward, about three- 
fourths of a mile from the middle "of the east line of the 
town, and has a course of about thiee miles. After the 
union of the branches, the' main stream of the Mud 
Brook flows one and a half miles further, making a mill- 
pond at the road crossing half a mile from the junction, 
and a little beyond the road receives two tributaries, one 
a pretty long one, from the southeast, and then makes a 
sharp bend to the north, receiving at the bend a petty 
tributary in three branches from the west, and running 
thence nearly one and a half miles to the Mud Lake. 

The waters of the south and southwest of the town 
belong to the Mattagondus Stream. This rises in two 
heads in the interior of Carroll, flows southwest and west 
into Springfield, and near Springfield village makes a big 
bend and runs north and northeast across the extreme 
northwest corner of Carroll and into Prentiss by its 
southwest corner, whence it makes east of north and 
northwest, nowhere more than three-fourths of a mile 
from the town line, to about the middle of the west line, 
where it passes into Webster Plantation, and thence north 
through Webster to the east part of Kingman, where it 
flows into the Mattawamkeag. About three and a half 
miles of its course are in Prentiss. Three-fourths of a 



486 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



mile from its entrance it receives a small stream from 
Webster; and about a mile from the southwest corner of 
the town takes from the southeast the waters of Spruce 
Brook, which in Carroll seems to be called Trout Brook. 
It rises in that town, very near the main head of the 
Mattagondus itself, and flows about three miles northwest 
to that stream. A mile further north the united waters 
of the Prescott and Cleaves Brooks are welcomed. The 
former of these rises on the south line of Prentiss, very 
near the head of a Carroll stream, which becomes one 
of the tributaries of Baskahegan Lake, in Washington 
county, and the Prescott flows northwest two miles to a 
junction with the Cleaves Brook one-fourth of a mile be- 
fore it reaches the Mattagondus. The Cleaves rises 
toward the southeast of the town, and flows in a tolera- 
bly straight course a little north of west three and a half 
miles to the Mattagondus, which leaves the town a mile 
and a half below. 

In the central east of the town are two small head- 
waters and about half a mile of the united stream of a 
brook that flows into Washington county, and probably 
belongs to the Baskahegan system. 

Prentiss is quite well settled, considering its situation far 
in the interior and on the border, as it were; and contrary 
to the story of .most of its fellows of .the county, it has 
steadily increased in population within the last twenty 
years. Most of the settlements are in the west half of the 
town, although there is a good-sized cluster of dwellings 
a little east of the central south part of the town about 
School No. 4. The settlements are so far so scattered 
that the town has not yet been granted a post-office, but 
is still dependent upon its neighbors for mail facilities. 
By the main highway through Prentiss, from Springfield 
village through the southwest corner of this town, and 
traversing it northeasterly for three miles, then north a 
little more than three miles to and through Drew Planta- 
tion into Aroostook, connection is made with the Europe- 
an & North American- Railroad at Lincoln Station, tw^enty 
to twenty-five miles away ; and another and nearer ac- 
cess is had to the same road by a highway which leaves 
the main route in i'reniiss about the middle of its course 
through the town, and runs northeast across the corner 
of Washington county to Danforth Station, in the edge 
of Aroostook, about thirteen miles from the east line of 
Prentiss. The two loads, with one branching from the 
former in the northeast corner of Springfield, running up 
the Mattagondus on the west bank, and following it out 
into Webster Plantation, sending off a north branch to 
Mud Lake shortly before crossing the line, constitute the 
principal roads of Prentiss. There is another, however, 
which leaves a by-road on the Mattagondus half a mile 
from the west line of the town, and runs southeast, east, 
and south about four and one-half miles, to its departure 
into Carroll, nearly two miles from the southeast corner 
of Prentiss. School No. 4, and the settlement about it, 
are on this line. School No. 2 is in the north central 
part of the town, at the beginning of a road which 
strikes across to the Mud Lake route. School No. 6 is 
about half a mile north of the point of junction. School 
No. I is on the same road, to Springfield, in the south 



west angle of the town. One and one-half miles west of 
north from it is School No. 6 school-house, on the road 
up the Mattagondus. 

The first trees felled on this tract by permanent set- 
tlers were cut in 1836 by Messrs. Ira and Eben Averill, 
on the farms where they have resided for nearly half a 
century. The family is a prominent one in the town. 
The Centre House, the only hotel in Prentiss, is kept 
by Eben Averill, and Mr. Ira Averill is Constable and 
Collector — or was in 1881. 

In 1837 the following-named gentlemen were residents 
of the tract: Joshua T. Baldwin, John Jiidkins, An- 
drew Philbrook, Benjamin Osgood, and John Austin. 
A number of the descendants of these pioneers are still l] 
residents of the town. 

Such are the statements that have come to the writer. 
It will be observed below, however, that the family of 
Mr. Judkins claim for him the honor of the first settle- 
ment, and his year as 1838. 

In 1840 the following additional immigrants are noted 
as having been here : Messrs. Abraham Cleaves, Sam 
uel Dennis, John Prescott, and Harvey Shepherd. 

It was twenty-two years after the first settlers got in 
before the population of the township warranted full 
municipal organization. The town was incorporated on 
the 27th of February, 1858. The late Hon. Henry E. 
Prentiss, a prominent and wealthy citizen of Bangor, and 
formerly its Mayor, was a principal owner of the tract, 
and in his honor the new town received its present naraei 
He was a liberal and public-spirited citizen; and amoni 
his benefactions to the town, in recognition of the honoi 
conferred upon him, was a present of a public library ol 
three hundred volumes, which has been a promineni 
means of disseminating and maintaining general intelli- 
gence in this region. 

With two exceptions — Mattawamkeag and Mt. Chasi 
— Prentiss is the latest town organized in the county. 

March i, 1869, a small annexation of territory wai 
made to this town from Drew Plantation. 

The population of Prentiss in i860 r umbered 226, 
In 1870 it was 387, and in 1880 416, which ceilainly ex 
hibits a healthy growth, considering the times. 

The polls in i860 were 56, 75 in 1S70, and 103 in 
1880. 

The estates in these years, respectively, were valued at 
$27,165, $54,385, and $67,789. In all the elements of 
material growth Prentiss has kept steadily on the up- 
ward move. 

Farming is nowadays the principal occupation in this 
town, and it is becoming a fine agricultural district. 
Eight thousand bushels of grain, 2,000 bushels of pota- 
toes, and 1,000 of apples, were raised here in 1878. 
There was formerly much lumbering on the tract, but 
the valuable limber has now been largely cut. In 1861 
George E. Baldwin built a saw-mill here, and still main- 
tains it. There are no other important industries or 
trades in the town just now. One of the town officers, 
writing to a friend three or four years ago, recorded, evi- 
dently with some glee, the fact that "there never was a 
lawyer, doctor, nor a minister a resident of the town." 






HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



487 



The following-named were the officers of the town in 
18S1: T. M. Butterfield, Elias Boyington, C. W. Jud- 
kins, Selectmen; E. D. Averill, Town Clerk; Edwin 
Belden, Treasurer ; Ira Averill, Constable and Collector; 
B. F. Osgood, Jr., School Supervisor; Daniel Butters, 
Benjamin D. Averill, Elias Boyington (Quorum), Justices. 

The first settler in Prentiss was John Judkins, who 
came here from Fayette, Maine, in 1838. He married 
Anna Baldwin, and had a family of nine children — 
Horace P., Emily, Ernestine, Norman B., John B., Maria, 
and Amelia (twins), Nahum A., and Charles \V. When 
Mr. Judkins came here there was not a tree cut in town 
towards a farm. He cleared the land and erected the 
building where C. W. Judkins now lives. He often held 
prominent town office, and was a Representative in the 
Les;islature at onetime. He died in 1878; Mrs. Jud- 
kins died in 1866. C. W. Judkins was born September 
4, 1834. He came here with his father, and lived in an 
old camp until his father could erect a house. On be- 
coming of age he went to Minnesota, and remained two 
years, when he returned to the old farm. In 1863 he 
was drafted in the Nineteenth Maine Regiment, and was 
in the army nearly two years. Since then he has lived 
on the farm, and been engaged in lumbering to some ex- 
tent. He married Lizzie Gibbs, daughter of James and 
Julia Gibbs, of Carroll. They have three children — 
Anna, Oscar, and Leroy. Mr. Judkins holds tlie office 
of Assessor and Selectman at the present time, having 
served in that capacity several years. 

Benjamin F. Osgood, of Prentiss, whose father was 
one of the first settlers in the town, came here in 1839. 
He is a son of Benjamin and Isabel Osgood, of Oxford 
county, Maine. Benjamin and Isabel Osgood Tiad seven 
children, viz : Sarah ; Maria, wife of Eben Averill, of 
Prentiss ; Charlotte, wife of Phineas Merrill, of Dan- 
forth ; Ruth, deceased wife of William P. Tidd, of this 
town ; Samuel, deceased ; James A., of Danforth. Ben- 
jamin Osgood died in 1865 ; Afrs. Osgood died in 1852. 
B. F. Osgood was born February 13, 1826, in Saco, 
Maine. He came here with his father when thirteen 
years of age, and helped to clear the farm where he now 
lives. Mr. Osgood married for his first wife Mary M. 
Doten, daughter of Isaac Doten, of Springfield. By 
her he had nine children, of whom seven are living : 
Josephine E., deceased; Frank E., now of Prentiss; Belle; 
Fred L., now in Nevada; Benjamin F., at home; Forest E., 
at home; Prentiss; Jesse; Myra, deceased. Mrs. Osgood 
died in 1S7 1. Mr. Osgood married for his second wife Mrs. 
Melissa Homes, of Calais. They have three children — 
Bert, Jay Dix, and Charles R. Mr. Csgood has held the 
office of Town Clerk and First Selectman for several 
years in succession. 

Among the early settlers who came to Prentiss in 1840 
were two brcthers, Eben and Ira Averill, who came here 
from Bangov. Their father, Asa Averill, of Pittston, 
married Mary Catlin, of Newcastle. They had seven 
children, viz : Martha, Mary, Eben, Ira, Hiram, Asa, and 
Sarah, all of whom are living except Mary. Asa Averill 
died many years since ; Mrs. Averill died in 1822. Eben 
Averill was born April 15, 181 2. On becoming of age 



he went to Dixmont and worked two years on a farm, at 
the end of which he went to Bangor and worked by the 
month at farming, teaming, etc., until 1840, when he 
came to Prentiss, then No. 7, Range 3, and began to 
make a farm. He and his brother came through to this 
place from Lincoln on foot, following a spotted line and 
bringing supplies on their backs. They felled about fif- 
teen acres that year, and built a log house. They brushed 
out a road during the fall to Lincoln, so that during the 
winter they could draw in some provisions with a horse 
for use the next season. In 1839 Eben married Maria 
Osgood, daughter of Benjamin Osgood, of Bangor. In 
1841, the next year after he made his first chopping, he 
brought his wife to his new home. They came in March 
on a sled. Here they have since lived. They have had 
seven children, viz : .A.nn M., wife of C. A. Rowe, of 
Prentiss ; Abbie Isabel, wife of A. R. Page, of Drew 
Plantation; Alberta M., now Mrs. George B. Gates, of 
Carson City, Nevada ; Pert Edna, wife of Edward Skil- 
linger, of Danforth ; Mabel, wife of George Larrabee, of 
Carroll ; Pitt Eben, now with his father at home ; Asa 
M., now at home. Mr. Averill has held the office of 
Justice of the Peace, Selectman, etc. 

Leonard Lothrop, of Prentiss, is a son of Alson Lo- 
throp, of Leeds, Kennebec county, Maine. He married 
Miss Hulda Richmond, of Turner. They had nine chil- 
dren — .'X.lson, Drusilla, Leonard, Daniel, Nathan, Eaton, 
Rossa, Henry, and Stillman. Leonard, the second son 
of this fainily, was born April 22, 1817, in Leeds. He 
first settled in Jay, where he lived several years, when he 
moved to Carroll, where he lived about two years. He 
moved into Prentiss in 1 85 i, where he has since lived. 
When he came here there were but twelve acres cleared 
on his present farm. There was no road and he had to 
haul goods on a sled in summer either by hand or oxen. 
He married Fannie Warner, daughter of Benjamin 
Warner. They have had eight children — Charles, died 
in the army; Mary F., deceased; Nathan, deceased; Har- 
rison, deceased; Eaton, now in Lynn, Massachusetts; 
Satnuel, of Prentiss; Nancy, wife of William Fogaty, of 
Prentiss, and Henry, now at home. Mr. Lothrop has 
180 acres of land, and is engaged in farming. 

George Baldwin, of Prentiss, was born December 20, 
1832. His father, Joshua Baldwin, was a native of Fay- 
ette, Kennebec county. He married Sarah Morrill, of 
Hallowcll. They had five children, viz : John M., de- 
ceased; Albert, now in Danforth, Maine; Joshua D., de- 
ceased; George; ^\'ill:anl H., now in Minneapolis, Minn- 
esota. Jeshua Baldwin came to Prentiss in 1839 and 
settled on the place where Mr. Frank Osgood now re- 
sides. He cleared up the farm and built the buildings 
on it. He died July 3, 1879. George Baldwin came 
here when about seven years old with his father. After 
becoming of age he built a saw-mill in 1861, and rebuilt 
it in 1879. He has a small farm in connection with his 
mill. He married Frances Lane, daughter of Calvin 
Lane, of Carroll. They have six children, viz: Calvin, 
Frank, Flora, Joshua, Myra, and Belle. Mr. Baldwin 
has held the office of Town Clerk, School Committee, 
etc. His place is near the central part of the town. 



SPRINGFIELD. 



i 



This town, as before noted, is a close neighbor of 
Prentiss, with which it corners at the northeast. It is 
bounded on the north by Webster Plantation, east by 
Carroll, south by I.akeville Plantation, and west by Lee. 
It has Winn at the northwest corner, across which is its 
nearest distance to the railroad and the river, seven 
miles, and Township No. 3, in the first range north of 
the Bingham Penobscot Purchase, at the southwest. 
Lakeville Plantation stretches so far to the east that it 
does not corner with Springfield at the southeast. Spring- 
field is separated by only that tract from Hancock county; 
by Carroll only from Washington ; and by Webster and 
Kingman, with a strip of Mattawamkeag, from Aroostook 
county. It is forty miles northeast of Bangor, as the 
crow flies. 

Springfield was formerly Township No. 5, in Range 2, 
north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase. It is pretty 
nearly an entire township, even by the lines of the County 
Atlas. According to that, the north boundary of the 
town is almost si.x miles; but, by some convergence of 
east and west lines, the south limit is reduced to about 
a quarter of a mile less. The west line is five and two- 
thirds miles long ; but by another deflection of the north 
and south pair of boundaries, the east line measures 
nearly one-third of a mile less. The confines of the 
town are unbroken ; but the east line passes through the 
western part of a small lake lying mostly in Carroll, and 
ending about a mile fiom the southeast corner of Spring- 
field. A little more than half a mile's length, and a very 
narrow breadth of this sheet, lie in Springfield. Half a 
mile northwest of it is the Beaver Pond, an ellipse of 
about one hundred rods' length by seventy-five rods' 
breadth, from which flows a small, short outlet to the 
Mattagondus Stream This enters Springfield from Car- 
roll about two and a half miles down the east line, flows 
a mile or so westward, and then makes north and east of 
north, m a total course of three and a half miles in this 
town, to an exit a short distance below the northeast cor- 
ner, acro.ss the corner of Carroll, into Prentiss. About a 
mile from its exit it expands into a small pond, which 
sends a brief outlet to a similar sheet on the east branch 
of the Mattakeunk Stream. This water has its head in 
the southeast angle of Webster Plantation, and shortly 
flows into Springfield, through which it courses in a great 
curve for about six and a half miles, being about one and 
a quarter miles from the north line of the town at the 
lowest depth of the curve, and leaving the town exactly 
at the northwest corner. ."Vbout one and a half miles 
from its entrance it is expanded into a rather long mill- 
pond, which furnishes power to shingle and carding-mills 
at its foot. Less than two miles further a sizable tribu- 
488 



tary comes in from the south, which rises nearly a mile 
southwest of Beaver Pond, and flows in a very winding 
course of about five miles to its junction with the East 
■ Branch. Near Springfield village rises a two-mile afflu- 
ent of this brook, which flows northwesterly to it. Less 
than a mile west of this brook is the source of a small 
stream, which runs northwest and southwest two and a 
half miles to a good-sized pond, from which departs to 
the northwest an affluent of the West Branch of the Mat- 
takeunk in Lee, and another to the southwest, which 
reaches Ware Lake in the same town. Half a mile be- 
fore leaving Springfield, this is joined by a small two-mile 
tributary from the southeast. Along about two-thirds of 
a mile of the east end of the south line of the town, 
flows a section of the Lowell Brook, coming out of Lake- jj 
ville Plantation and returning to it to flow into Duck^ 
Lake, a mile and a half distant. About the middle of 
this section it receives in Springfield a tributary from the 
north of perhaps one and a half miles' length. 

The main road in Springfield, being the stage-route 
from Lincoln Station, on the European & North Ameri- 
can Railroad, to Calais, runs through the central ]5art of 
the town, pearly east and west. Large part of the pop- 
ulation of the town is on this road. Besides the village 
at Springfield post-otifice, which has a Congregational 
church, cemetery, hotel, and other public conveniences, 
there is a dense cluster of dwellings a mile west of it, 
where two roads from the south join the stage-route, and 
where a valuable water-power is created by the tributary 
of the East Branch of the Mattakeunk. Here are a 
Union church, a cemetery, and several mills and shops. 
School No. 10 and a store are within a mile and a half 
to the west. Here (at School No. 10) a road runs off to 
the south, connecting at School No. 7 and the neighbor- 
ing cemetery with another east and west road, rather 
thinly settled as yet, which intersects the entire south 
part of the town. Half a mile west of this junction a 
neighborhood road runs off to the southwest corner of 
the town. One and a half miles west of the School No. 
7 junction is School No. 6, where another cross-road runs 
north and northeast to the dense settlement west of 
Springfield post-office. Just after entering the town from 
Carroll, the southern road westward, at a pretty thick 
cluster of settlement, sends off a two-and-a half-mile road 
north to the stage-road a little east of the post-ofifice. 
Upon this are School No. 2 and a cemetery. From the 
post-office a highway runs through another dense settle- 
ment a mile or more north, and then northeast to the 
corner of the town, just before reaching which it forks 
and enters Prentiss in two branches, both of which, as 
before noted, make their way entirely across that town. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUN 



On the stage-road, nearly two miles west of the post- 
office, a road runs northwest into Lee, crossing the town 
line half a mile below the northwest corner. From the 
point of exit a road runs straight down the west line of 
the town to the stage-road, two and a half miles distant. 
About half-way down, near the cemetery, a road runs a 
mile west, and as far north, to the former highway. 

The first settlers got into this township in 1830. Their 
names have never been disclosed to the present writer, 
but it is known that James Butterfield was the first trader. 
Population must have flowed in somewhat rapidly, for the 
town was organized within less than four years — on the 
I2th of F"ebruary, 1834. It is said then to have had 
about three hundred inhabitants, and by 1840 the num- 
l)er had increased to 546. 

The northern half of this town was included in the 
grant made the State Legislature for the sustenance of 
Foxcroft Academy. It was presently sold by the trustees 
of that institution to land and lumber operators in Ban- 
gor at the cheap though then sufficient rate of thirty-one 
cents per acre. It was a valuable tract, heavily timbered 
with pine and spruce. 

The southern half of the township was conveyed by 
the State directly to actual settlers and others. It is ac- 
counted to comprise some of the best land in the State, 
and has largely contributed to give Springfield character 
and reputation as a farming town. When, in 1837, the 
State offered a premium for the largest and best produc- 
tion of wheat within its borders, the prize was taken by 
Springfield, in which as yet no field had been cleared as 
much as seven years. Mr. Samuel C. Clark was the suc- 
cessful contestant, he having raised that year on his place 
1,340 bushels of wheat and 435 of other grain, making 
a total product of 1,775 bushels. Some of the farmers 
in this town have grown wealthy by the pursuits of agri- 
culture. 

For some years in its early day the growth of this town 
was comparatively slow. Settlers were discouraged from 
coming in and locating by the heavy tax imposed upon 
estates by the incurring of a debt of $6,000 for the con- 
struction of two county roads through the town — but one 
of which, it has been thought in later years, would have 
been sufficient for the needs of the people. About one- 
fourth of all tax levied for a period of years went to pro- 
vide for interest and payment of this debt ; and settle- 
ment was thereby somewhat retarded. The courageous 
and honest citizens of Springfield, however, by no means 
repudiated the debt, incubus as it was on the town; but 
provided fully for its payment, and it was extinguished in 
about thirty years from the time of its contraction. 

From 1840 to 1850 the population of Spiingfield rose 
but thirty-seven, or from 546 to 583. But during the 
next ten years there was an increase of 271, the people 
numbering 854 in 1S60. There were 879 in 1870, and 
878 in 1880. The town has come remarkably near to 
holding its own in the matter of population, and has as 
nearly held its own in the number of voters. In i860 
there were 186 polls, 199 in 1870, and 193 in 18S0. 
The estates in these several years were officially valued 
at $84,228, $122,230, and $105,242. 

<3 



March 14, T846, a Congregational society was formed 
by residents of this town and of Carroll and Lee. About 
the year 1859 a fine church edifice, costing $2,500, was 
put up in Springfield and dedicated by this society. 
There have been two Free Baptist societies in the town, 
but only one seems still to survive, which has the Rev. 
Horace Graves for pastor. Rev. J. C. Towle is pastor of 
the Methodist Episcopal church. The pulpit of the Con- 
gregational society is temporarily vacant. 

The town is well supplied with schools, and a high 
school has been maintained for a number of years. 

The only society not of a religious character just now 
maintained in the town is the Forest Lodge of Free and 
Accepted Masons. The Beacon Light Lodge of the In- 
dependent Order of Good Templars existed until a year 
or two ago. 

There is still much manufacturing in Springfield, in- 
cluding one grist-mill, one grist- and shingle-mill, three 
mills making long and three making short lumber, one 
woolen manufacturer, two boot and shoe-makers, and one 
maker of edge tools. 

Other business establishments comprise four general 
stores, two millinery and fancy goods stores, two black- 
smith shops, one carpenter, and one carpenter and 
builder, and one painter. 

The professional men of Springfield are two resident 
physicians and one lawyer, 

A hotel is kept by Hiram Burr. 

The public officers in 1881 were the following-named: 
Melvin M. Lewis, Postmaster; H. B. Lewis, Asia Jones, 
William H. Murdock, Selectmen; G. A. Lewis, Town 
Clerk; P. C. Jones, Treasurer; A. H. Hanscom, Consta- 
ble and Collector; Miss J. A. Reed, C. J. Lewis, Everett 
Murdock, School Committee; Hiram Burr, L. C. Stearns 
(Quorum), L. W. Drake (Trial), Justices. 

One of the early settlers in Springfield was Mr. Rob- 
inson Conforth, who came here from West Waterville, 
Maine, in 1843. and made a chopping. The next year 
he brought hisfamil) and built a house. He married for 
his first wife Luzetta Young. They had five children — 
Birks, Elvira, Helen, .-\sa, and Norilla, all of whom are 
living except Norilla. Mrs. Conforth died in 1864. Mr. 
Conforth married for his second wife Melinda Hussey, 
daughter of Ebenezer Hussey, of West Waterville, 
Maine. They had eight children — Rosetta, wife of 
George Mayo, of Nevada; Gardner; William, deceased; 
Melvin, now in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Sarah, wife of 
Franklin Manter, of Milo; Charles, now in Montana; 
and Eben, deceased. Mr. Conforth died March 27, 
1877. Mrs. Conforth is now living with her son Gard- 
ner. Gardner Conforth was born July 16, 1839, in West 
Waterville. He came to Springfield with his father when 
a small boy, and has ever since lived on the old place. 
He has helped to clear up and make the farm where he 
lives. He married Henrietta Coombs, daughter of El 
bridge Coombs, of Orono, Maine. They have four chil- 
dren — Linna B., Dona D., Charlie A., Lena B. They 
lost one in infancy. 

One of the oldest and first settlers in the town of 
Springfield is Hiram Burr, who came to Brewer from 



490 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






Massachusetts, and was among the first settlers in 
Brewer. He was a ship carpenter. He had ten chil- 
dren that grew up. Of these five are now living — Mary, 
now Mrs. Forbs, of Delaware; Hiram; Martha, now Mrs. 
Winslow; Harriet, now Mrs. Godfrey, of Minnesota; Ben- 
jamin A., of Bangor. Hiram Burr is the fourth son of 
the family. He was born October 9, 1810, in Brewer. 
He has always followed farming, though since living here 
he has kept public house in connection with his farm. 
He came to Springfield when eighteen years of age in 
1828. He married Betsey I,. Johnson, daughter of 
Stephen Johnson, who came here from Massachusetts. 
Mr. and Mis. Burr have had four children — Henrietta, 
wife of Emery Johnson, of this town; Benjamin H., of 
this town; Almira, wife of Henry H. Scribner, of Cali- 
fornia; and Hiram J., of Springfield. Mr. Burr came to 
this town when there were but five acres cleared and no 
road within thirty-two miles from here. They had to go 
to Lincoln to get supplies and bring them in on their 
backs. The first fall their provisions failed, and they 
lived about three months on beans and musty meal with 
a little salt. They brought in provision enough to last 
till their crops came off, but they were stolen. The 
privations which these early settlers underwent were very 
severe indeed. Mr. Burr has been prominent in leading 



positions in the town here many years. He and his wife 
are now spending their old age in the village he has seen 
grow from the first house to the present. 

William Olmsted, of Springfield, is a son of David 
Olmsted, of New York. David Olmsted married Rhoda 
Manley for his first wife, and William is a son of this 
couple. He was born June 24, 181 1, in Plattsburg, New 
York, and is the only child in the family who lived to 
grow up. His father was a blacksmith by trade and a 
soldier in the War of 181 2. On becoming of age he 
engaged in the business of house carpenter and joiner; 
he has always had a farm, though, on which his family 
liave lived. He came to Springfield in January, 1835, 
and soon after bought the place where he now lives. 
January 22, 1835, he married Lydia G. Duren, daughter 
of William and Lydia Duren. They have had twelve 
children, eleven of whom were — David, deceased; VV^il- 
liam Henry, now of Lowell, Maine; Isaac L., in Bangor; 
Joseph A., of Bangor; Calvin M., died in the army in 
1865; Cynthia M., at home, and Elmer E., at home. 
There died in early life Elsie L., H. Hamlin, Sylvester 
B., Eliza A. Mr. Olmsted has been engaged in trade 
for many years, but is now closing out the goods in his 
store. He has lived in Springfield since 1835. 



STETSON. 



Stetson belongs to the range of towns next north of 
the Bangor range. It is ten and a half miles distant 
from Bangor. It is separated from the west county line, 
or Palmyra, in Somerset county, only by Newport, which 
bounds it on the west; from Dover, Piscataquis county, 
on the north, only by Exeter, its next neighbor on the 
north, and Garland; and from Monroe, Waldo county, 
on the south, only by Etna and Carmel, which bound 
Stetson by about equal breadths on the south, and be- 
yond them by the halves of Dixmont and Newburg. 
Levant is the adjacent town on the east, Corinth cor- 
ners with it on the northeast, and Corinna on the north- 
west. 

Stetson, by its position and intended shape, should be 
a regular township, six miles square; but comes a very 
little short of it. The south and east lines are each six 
miles long; but, by the slight convergence of the latter 
toward the east line the north boundary of the town is 
shortened about one fourth of a mile, and the east line is 
about as much shorter than the west. The town, how- 
ever, is not much shortened by these differences, and 



still contains nearly the even thirty-six square miles, and 
is generally credited, as in the Maine Register, with the 
full 23,040 acres of an even township. 

Across the north central part of the town, east and 
west, from a point two and one-fourth miles distant from 
the west line to another nearly a mile from the east line, 
lies the fine body of water called Stetson Pond. It is 
almost three miles in length, not quite a mile in greatest 
breadth toward the west end, and perhaps half a mile in 
average width. At the east end (bead of the Pond), by 
the cemetery and blacksmith's shop, it receives a small 
tributary from the east, heading in Levant; and about a 
mile from the other end, on the north shore, it discharges 
its waters through the Stetson Stream, which has a course 
westward of three miles in this town and about two in 
Newport, where it empties into a small bay on the east 
shore of the great Newport Pond. Half a mile before 
leaving Stetson it takes in a tributary from the north, 
which rises in E.xeter. At Stetson post-office, a mile from 
the pond, it receives a very small stream from the north, 
and midway between this and the other a somewhat 



ii 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



491 



larger one from the south. One-fourth of a mile from 
its source at the" pond, it has a two- or three-mile tribu- 
tary flowing down from Exeter. The pond has two sim- 
ilar affluents on its north side, also heading in Exeter, 
the westernmost of them receiving a short branch three- 
fourths of a mile from the pond, which flows wholly in 
this town. Across the northeast angle, in a course of 
about two miles in the town, from Exeter to Levant, 
flows a tributary of the Little Kenduskeag Stream. 

In the south central part of Stetson rise two heads of 
a tributary of the Etna and Carmel Pond, flowing in from 
the north. A small section of this pond, about half a 
mile long by perhaps sixty rods in average breadth, occu- 
pies the central south edge of Stetson. It receives 
in this town a very small affluent at its northwest point. 
Near its northeast shore rises a tiny stream, which, with 
another coming down half a mile from the north, enters 
at the same place a petty pond half a mile east of the 
north shore of Etna and Carmel Pond, and from it a 
small brook flows into Carmel. Two miles to the north- 
east are three headwaters of a tributary of the Sowadabs- 
cook Stream, in Carmel, which (the tributary) flows about 
two miles in Springfield. 

This town lias two main roads across it east and 
west, and one from north to south — the latter what 
is known as Brown's stage route from Exeter to Etna. 
This enters from Exeter, a little more than one and a 
half miles east of the northwest corner of Stetson, and 
makes a bee-line just as far to Stetson post-ofifice. There 
it diverges a little to the eastward, but keeps a general 
soutii course to the other side of the town, where it 
leaves just west of Etna and Carmel Pond, into the 
northeast angle of Etna. Three-fourths of a mile before 
crossing the line it passes School No. 7, and a little 
above that the cemetery, where a road ends which comes 
in from Carmel a mile from the southeast corner of Stet- 
son, and runs northwest and west to this point. A mile 
above this it crosses the lowermost east and west, or 
Newport and Plymouth road. This traverses Stetson at 
a general distance of two and a half miles from the south 
line, passing School No. 5 one and a half miles from the 
east line, where a short cross road starts off toward the 
pond, and thence northeast to the main road beyond 
East Stetson; also School No. 3, near the east line of the 
town, where the road southwest from Stetson post-(jftice 
joins the main road, which here itself angles to the 
southwest, and runs on to and through East Newport. 

East Stetson is the settlement about a mile northeast 
of the Pond, clustered near the two or three road- 
junctions in that quarter. A road here comes in from 
Levant, which runs west and northwest about a mile and 
a quarter, when it strikes almost a straight line westerly, 
passing the Town Farm a mile and a half from the east 
town-line. School No. i a little further, and two and a 
half miles further Stetson village and post office, whence 
a mile and a half further take the road out of town and 
toward North Newport. Near School No. i it sends a 
short cross-road northward, which at its north end inter- 
sects near the beginning another east and west road, 
which strikes nearly an air hne across the rest of the town 



into Newport. Half a mile west of this junction, at 
School No. 4, and at another point about a mile west of 
that, it starts off two north roads into E.xeter, which 
presently cross at School-house No. 13, in that town. 
At the East Stetson end of the east and west road next 
south, a branch highway comes in from the northwest 
angle of l,evant, and joins the main road about a mile 
from the town line. 

The Maine Central Railroad passes for three-quarters 
of a mile through the southwest angle of Stetson, from 
Etna to Newport, but makes no station in this town. 

Stetson village is about a mile northwest of the Pond, 
and very nearly equidistant from the east and north 
town lines, being about one and two-thirds miles from 
each, at the crossmg of the two important roads upon 
which the town is situated. It has a post-office, a meet- 
ing-house, School-house No. 2, a cheese and other fac- 
tories and mills, and a fair business quarter. The Stet- 
son Stream passes through it, with a large semi-circular 
side channel in the heart of the town, and a small tribu 
tary joining here from the north. 

The soil of Stetson is productive, and the surface of 
its territory generally level. It is accounted an excellent 
farming town. 

The materials at hand for a history of Stetson are very 
limited. The first settlers are known to have set the 
stakes of civilization here at the beginning of the century 
— in 1800, it is said. About a generation passed, how- 
ever, before its population justified full erection as a 
town. It was not until January 28, 1831, that it finally 
received incorporation from the Legislature. The name 
it bears was derived from an original proprietor, Mr. 
Amasa Stetson, of Dorchester, Massachusetts. It had 
been Stetson Plantation for many years ; and, contrary 
to the frequent custom in this county, the plantation 
name was continued for the town. 

In 1810 Stetson Plantation had 108 population, and 
131 in 1820. In 1830, the year of incorporation, Stet- 
son town had but 114, but made a bound within the 
next ten years almost unexampled in this county, rising 
to 616 in 1840. In 1850 there were 885, 913 in i860, 
937 in 1870, and 729 in 1880. 

The voters of Stetson numbered 195 in i860, 214 in 
1870, and 218 in 1880 — increasing every decade in re- 
spect of these, although falling off somewhat during 
1870-80 in the respects of population and property. 

The Stetson estates in i860, as ofificially valued for 
taxation, amounted to $166,127. They were $262,735 
in 1870, and $219,399 in 18S0. 

The churches of Stetson are the Calvinistic Baptist, 
which has Elder William E. Noyes as a resident minister, 
but has no pastor at present; Methodist Episcopal, in 
charge during 1881 of the Rev. D. B. Holt, of Exeter; 
and the Christian or Disciple, whose pulpit is also 
vacant just now. 

The other important societies of the town are the Stet- 
son Grange, No. 235, Patrons of Husbandry, which was 
organized March i, 1878; and the Reform Lodge, No. 
231, Independent Order of Good Templars, formed Au 
gust 18, 1876. 



492 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The Stetson High School and Library Association, an 
organization of some reputation and usefulness, was in- 
corporated March i, 1870. 

The Stetson Cheese Company organized in 1874, with 
C. H. Foster, President. John Rogers was its first Sec- 
retary, and Joseph Wiggin first Treasurer. They built 
and equipped a factory at an expense of $2,500, and ap- 
pointed Asa S. Spooner as manager. It has carried on 
business every year since it was built, and manufactures, 
on an average, over thirty thousand pounds of cheese 
per annum. The cheese made at the establishment is of 
the best quality, and always commands the highest mar- 
ket price. The plan on which the factory is run is 
as follows: Every person receives one pound of cheese for 
every ten pounds of milk furnished, which is considered 
the safest and most profitable plan for all parties inter- 
ested. Its present Board of Directors are C. H. Foster, 
R. D. Pulsifer, and John C. Gibson; V. D. Debolt, Pres- 
ident; H. Daymon, Secretary; John C. Gibson, Jr., 
Treasurer. The factory is run at an expense of about 
$500 per annum. 

The business of Stetson is at present mainly confined 
to the Cheese Company, one lumber- and grist-mill, one 
other saw-mill, two carriage-makers, one boot- and shoe- 
maker, one harness-maker, two builders, two smiths, 
three general stores, and one millinery establishment. 
There are one hotel and one resident physician. The 
town officers of Stetson in 1881 were: George L. Her- 
sey, I. W. Tibbetts, G. B. Woodcock, Selectmen; G. M. 
Bond, Town Clerk; G. L. Hersey, Treasurer; T. P. 
Townsend, Constable; W. A. Lennan, School Supervisor; 
Charles H. Goodwin, Newton G. Merrill, Samuel F. Bus- 
well, (Quorum) John Rogers, C. R. Ireland, (Trial) 
Justices. The postmasters are C. R. Ireland, at Stetson; 
Joseph Pitman, at the South Stetson office. 

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 

This town has produced a full share of the more use- 
ful and renowned citizens of the county and State. 
Among them the Hon. Lewis Baker, now of Bangor, 
and a prominent member of the Executive Council, 
practiced law in Stetson for about thirty years; and Dr. 
Calvin Seavey, a leading medical practitioner in the same 
city, was in full practice in this town for many years. 
Full biographical sketches of both these gentlemen will 
be found in the Bangor division of this book. 

The following notices of Stetson soldiers during the 
late war are extracted from the Reports of the Adjutant- 
General of the State ; 

Brevet Brigadier-General Jonathan A. Hill, of 
Stetson, enlisted as a private in September, 1861, and was 
commissioned as captain of Company K of the Eleventh 
Regiment Maine Volunteers in November, 1861; served 
as captain during the Peninsular campaign of 1862, and 
was engaged in the battles of Lee's Mills, Williamsburg, 
Chickahominy, Seven Pines, Fair Oaks, Bottom's Bridge, 
and the Seven Days' Battle before Richmond. In 1863 
he participated in the siege of Charleston, South Caro- 
lina. In 1864 he distinguished himself at the battles 
of Richmond, Petersburg Railroad, Chester Station, 



Drury's Bluff, Wier Bottom Church, . Bermuda Hun- 
dreds, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, and Deep Run; 
was promoted Major in June, 1864, and in the same 
month was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. 

During the campaign of 1865 Colonel Hill won dis- 
tinction by his bravery, coolness, and judgment at the 
battles of Hatcher's Run, Forts Gregg and Baldwin, 
and Appomattox Court-house, and was commissioned , 
Brevet Brigadier-General of Volunteers, April 9, 1865. 

Colonel Hill was in command of the regiment most 
of the time from June 2, 1864, until the i6th of August, 

1864, when he was wounded and lost his right arm in 
the hotly contested battle of Deep Run. In November, 

1865, Colonel Hill returned to his regiment, and was in 
command until the surrender of Lee's army, and was 
again wounded at the battle of Appomattox Court-house, 
where his regiment suffered severely, losing forty per cent, 
of their number in killed and wounded. After the sur- 
render, General Hill was on special and detached duty 
in Virginia as President of a military commission at Rich- 
mond, and in command of the Northwestern District of 
Virginia at Lynchburg; also at Fredericksburg, of the 
Northeastern District, and in command of post at City 
Point, until February 2, 1866, when he was mustered 
out of the United States service. Since leaving the 
service. General Hill has been appointed Postmaster 
at Auburn, a position which he continues to fill to the 
most perfect satisfaction of his fellow-citizens. 

Captain Henry F. Hill was born in Stetson, Maine, 
May 24, 1843, and entered the service of his country as 
first sergeant Company I, Seventh Maine Volunteers. 
From the first he won the entire confidence of his supe- 
rior officers, and was always at his post in time of danger. 
At Antietam, when his regiment was ordered to take an 
orchard and house where were Stonewall Jackson's head- 
quarters, he especially distinguished himself, and in the 
desperate conflict that ensued in the orchard, he saved 
the life of his regimental commander. The latter soon 
after mentioning his services and the act to Governor 
Washburn, he immediately commissioned him a captain; 
and when the Seventh Maine returned to the field, he 
went out in command of Company A. 

Conspicuous in every battle from that of Salem 
Heights, he escaped unscathed until General Grant's 
great campaign. At Spottsylvania, within twenty yards 
of the bloody "angle," he fell, shot in the forehead, cheer- 
ing his company in the charge. As his men were carry- 
ing his body to the rear, they were ordered to leave it by 
an officer of rank, slightly wounded in the foot. Discipline 
prevailed; they went to a needless succor of the living, 
and his mangled remains were that night consumed by a 
fire that raged through those tangled thickets and seemed 
to feed on blood. 

The following paragraph is from the Adjutant-General's 
Report for 1863: 

The unparalleled success which attended the labors of 
Major Joel W. Cloudman, of Stetson, in raising a com- 
pany of 125 men in less than two weeks in September 
last, for "Baker's District of Columbia Cavalry," induced 
the War Department to continue him for a time in that 




Residence of JOHN A. JORDAN, Stetson, Maine. 




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Residence of EDWARD JORDAN, Stetson, Maine. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



493 



service. His efforts in this behalt will result in the enlist- 
ment, at trifling expense, of sufficient first-class men for 
a regiment in less time and at less cost than the same 
number were ever recruited in this State by any one per- 
son. It is also worthy of note that all the men of Major 
Cloudman's enlistment for this cavalry send home 
through his influence a greater amount of money, com- 
paratively, to their families and friends than those of any 
other organization from this State. 

The following is a line from the Roll of Honor of Bow- 
doin College: 

Class of 1868. — S. Fogg, Jr, was born m Stetson in 
August, 1844; was second lieutenant United States Col- 
ored Troops. 

Samuel Stetson was born in Randolph, Massachusetts, 
January 12, 1793. When nine years of age his father 
died and he was bound out, according to the custom in 
those days, to a person by the name of John Mann, of 
Randolph, with whom he was obliged to remain until he 
was twenty-one years of age. Mann proved to be both 
cruel and stingy, and owing to the fact that he was 
obliged to furnish two feet of wood for the use of the 
school, he kept Mr. Stetson at home, and consequently 
his early education was neglected. But after he at- 
tained his majority he succeeded in educating himself, 
and at his death he was perhaps as well informed a man 
as there was in the town. In 1819 he came to Pe- 
nobscot county and settled on the farm now owned by 
his son, Samuel R. He purchased his farm from Major 
Amasa Stetson, the then proprietor of the town. On 
the 6th of November, 182 1, he married Hannah, daugh 
ter of Dr. Thomas Stow Ranney, then of Newport, but 
formerly of Brentwood, New Hampshire. He died in 
Stetson, October 31, 1S43. His wife died in Stetson 
October 30, 1876. He was the father of four children: 
Irene, who married Ralph C. Evlett, and died in Bangor 
in 1 851; Rebecca, who married Henry V. French, of 
Brockton, Massachusetts, where she now resides; Mary 
A., who was twice married, first to Dr. John F. H. 
Turner, who died in Stetson — she afterwards married 
Franklin O. Howard, and now lives at Brockton, Massa- 
chusetts; Samuel R. was born in Stetson April 5, 1834, 
where he has lived all his life. When nineteen years of 
age his father died and left him the sole manager of the 
old homestead, consistnig of about four hundred acres, 
and about twenty thousand dollars in personal property. 
In the summer of 1881 he purchased the Stetson water- 
power and saw- and flouring-mills at the village of Stetson. 

David Abbot was born in York county in 17S9, where 
he lived nearly all his life and followed the trade of 
blacksmith. He was twice married. His first wife's 
name was Irene Bowden. She had six children, and 
died in York in 1823. He married for his second wife 
Mehitabel Shaw. He came to Penobscot county in 
1849, and settled in Levant, where he died in 1851. 
His second wife was the mother of one child. She lived 
in York. He was the father of seven children, namely : 
Thomas, John, David, Abraham, James, Charlotte, 
George. Thomas Abbot was born in York, Aprit 24, 
1813, where he was educated, and when twenty-one years 



of age he came to Penobscot county and settled on the 
farm now owned by Lorenzo Ecles in Stetson. In 1837 
he married Elizabeth Pease, a native of Exeter, who died 
in Stetson in 1876. He is the father of nine children : 
John F., who married .Almyria Ross and lives in Top- 
field, Massachusetts ; Irene E., lives at home ; Annette, 
who married Charles Robinson and lives at home, Mr. 
Robinson being dead ; Charles H., lives in Wenham, 
Massachusetts ; .A.manda O., who married William S. 
Randlett and lives in Newport ; Susan E., married 
George W. - Reyes and lives in Stetson ; Thomas W. 
lives at home ; Frank P., lives at home ; Preston W., 
lives in Topsfield, MassacTiusetts. John H. Abbot was 
a member of Company G., Eleventh Maine Infantry, 
and served in the .'\rmy of the James, under General 
Butfer, and was present at the capture of Richmond. 
He is'engaged in farming in Massachusetts. 

George W. Jordon was born in Cherryfield in 181 3. 
He came to Penobscot county in 1823, and settled in 
Bangor, where he received a common school education. 
In 1836 he married Elizabeth Pennington, of .Sanger- 
ville. He came to Stetson in 1838 and settled on the 
farm now owned by G. W. Shaw. He held the office of 
Selectman two years. His wife died in Stetson in 1878. 
He died at the same place in 1879. He was the father 
of five children : Frances, John A., Henry, George O., 
Edward. John A. Jordan was born in Stetson in 1840. 
In 1864 he enlisted in Company G, Eleventh Maine 
Infantry, under Captain Adams. The regiment was 
under command of. Colonel Hill. He served in the 
.\rmy of the James under General Butler, and was pres- 
ent at the fall of Richmond. He was mustered out of 
service in May, 1865, when he returned to his native 
place, and in 1866 he married Sarah J. Clark, a native 
of Stetson, and settled on the farm on which he now 
lives. In 1880 he went to California, where he purchased 
a large tract of land and is engaged there extensively in 
farming in connection with his business in Stetson. He 
is the father of two children, Horace G. and Fisher R. 

Greenville J. Shaw was born in the State of Massachu- 
setts in 1843. When eight years of age he came to Penob- 
scot county and settled at Dexter, where he received a 
common school education. He also attended the 
Maine State Seminary, at Lewiston, three terms, and 
is a graduate of Eastman's Business College, of 
Poughkeepsie, New York. .\t the age of twenty he 
took charge of the tannery at \'ernon, where he had 
charge of eighteen men, and in 1866 he [lurchased one- 
halt interest in the business. In 1867 he purchased the 
Hartland tannery in comjwny with his father, and in the 
winter of 1868 and 1869, in company with his father, he 
purchased the tanneries at Detroit and Plymouth, which 
made four tanneries and eighty men under his immedi- 
ate charge at one time. In 1878, during the scarcity of 
bark, he was obliged to close three of his tanneries, and 
at present operates the one at Hartland, where he has 
fifteen men engaged. In 1864 he married Jennie M. 
Loose, a native of Dexter, and is the father of five chil- 
dren: Frank I., Rosa T., Alice J., Henry G., and Fred-' 
die E. (died in Vernon). 



494 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Cream Brook Farm was first owned by Major Stetson, 
the original proprietor of the town of Stetson. It con- 
tains 640 acres of good land, well watered, and is peculi- 
arly adapted to grazing. In 1826 the Major made a 
present of the whale tract of land to Amasa Stetson, who 
improved it and remained in possession of the farm until 
about i860, when he sold out to M. L. Rice, of Bangor, 
who was the first to convert it into a dairy farm. Rice 
kept from fifty to seventy-five cows. He was the first to 
develop the farm into a butter producing farm ; the butter 
manufactured by him gained the best reputation, perhaps, 
of any butter produced in the State. In 1870 Rice sold 
the farm to Charles Collins, of Aroostook county, who 
remained in possession of it until he sold out to the pres- 
ent owner, Greenville J. Shaw, who gave the farm its 
present appropriate name. 

Rev. William E. Noyes was born in Abington, Ply- 
mouth county, Massachusetts, in 1828, where he received 
a liberal education. He entered the ministry in 1859, 
and was ordained a minister in the Baptist church, at 
South Auburn, Maine, in August, 1861. He has had 
charge of the Baptist churches of Sabattus, Leeds, Milo, 
Guilford, Bradford, North Newport, Corinna, Hartland, 
Stetson, and Kenduskeag. In 1874 he purchased the 
residence in which he now lives in Stetson, where he in- 
tends to remain the balance of his life. He was twice 
married, his first wife being Lottie A. Brown, a native of 
Abington, Massachusetts. She died January 28, 1859, 
and in i860, October 23d, he married Alice J. Wood, a 
native of Stetson. He is the fatJier of five children: 
Lottie A., who married C. R. Ireland, and lives in Stet- 
son; Lizzie S., lives at home; Lucia H.; Charlie W.; 
Willie B. 

Thomas Clark was born in Gorham in 1807, and came 
to Penobscot with his father in 18 15. They settled in 
Stetson. In 1832 he married Ruth Wentworth, a native 
of Kennebec county. He is the father of five children, 
three boys and two girls — Orelia H. W., who married 
Brooklin P. Hubbard, and lives in Stetson. Samuel C, 
married twice. His first wife was Ann Perkins, who died 
in Stetson. He afterwards married Ome Menifer in Cal- 
ifornia, where he now lives and is engaged as an engineer 
on the Union Pacific railroad. Lemuel S. lives in Ne- 
vada, and is also an engineer. He maried Emma Coats, 
a native of New York. Sarah J., married John A. Jor- 
don, and resides in Stetson. Fisher R., married May 
Cosson, and lives in Stockton, California, where he is 
Principal of the Commercial-College located at that place. 
When Thomas R. Clark first came to Stetson there were 
but few families in the town. 

Porter G.Wiggins wasbornin Wolf boro. New Hampshire, 
in 1814, and went from Wolfboro, when thirteen years 
of age, with his father to St. Albans. In 1841 he mar- 
ried Mary Dore, in the town of Harmony. In 1851 he 
came to Penobscot county, and settled on the farm on 
which he now lives in Stetson. He has repeatedly held 
the office of Selectman of his town, and has also held the 
office of Town Agent for many years, also the office 
(?f Road Commissioner. He is the father of six chil- 
dren — Emma C, who married William H. Hurd, lives ii) 




Stetson; Eldora A., married Samuel Demeritt, and re- 
sides in Winn; Newell J., lives in Wisconsin, and is 
engaged in the lumber business; Ferdinand E., lives at 
home, and is engaged in farming; Georgia A., married 
Rev. F. W. C. Wiggin, and lives in Oldtown; Purditta 
A., lives at home. 

Jeremiah Locke was born in W'akefield, N. H., in 1803. 
He married Elizabeth B. D. Seaver in Roxbury, Mas- 
sachusetts, and came to Penobscot county in 1834, settling 
on the farm now owned by C. H. Foster, in Stetson. 
His wife died in Stetson, at the age of sixty-nine years, 
and he died in Stetson in 1876, at the age of seventy- 
two. He was the father of two children — Adeline M., 
who married C. H. Foster, and lives in Stetson; George 
H., who died in Stetson, at the age of three years. 

C. H. Foster was born in the county of Devonshire, 
England, in 1837, and came to America in 1849, in 
company with the Rev. C. L. Browning, of Uixmont, and 
remained in his family five years. At the age of seven- 
teen he started out to support himself. In 1861 he 
enlisted in company K., Eleventh Maine Regiment, 
served three years, and re-enlisted for the balance of the 
war; he enlisted as a private, but for meritorious con- 
duct was promoted from the ranks to Corporal and Ser- 
geant, and in 1863 was promoted to First Lieutenant. 
While in the service he was in all the engagements of the 
Army of the Potomac under McCbllan, and also went with 
Hunter on his famous raid; also took part in the siege 
of Charleston, and was second in command of the 
old "Swamp Angel," and while there joined Gen- 
eral Butler's army, where he remained until he was 
wounded. On May 18, 1864, he was severely wounded 
while charging the rebel works in front of Petersburg, and 
was mustered out of service in November, 1864. In 
1 86 1 he married Caroline Daymon, who died in Stetson 
in 1867; then married Adeline M. Locke, and is the 
father of two children — George H. and Sarah L. 

Hon. James Rogers was born in Wolfboro, New 
Hampshire, in 1798, where he married Clarissa H. Wig- 
gin. He came to Penobscot county in 1833, and settled 
on the farm now owned by the Rogers heirs in Stetson. 
He held the post of Selectman of Stetson several years, 
and also represented his class in the State Legislature two 
terms. He died in Stetson in 1879; his wife survives 
him. He was the father of fourteen children, four of 
whom are living: John, married Francis A. Hawes, and 
lives in Stetson; Mary A., married W. B. Ireland, and 
lives in Stetson; Charles, lives in California; Carrie M., 
married O. H. Shepley, and lives in St Paul, Minnesota; 
James W., Amanda, Sarah, Amanda, second; Samuel, 
died in Stetson. 

The Hon. John Rogers was born in Wolfboro, New 
Hampshire, in 1826; at the age of seven he came to Pe- 
nobscot county with his father, and settled in Stetson, 
where he had a common school education; he also at- 
tended the academies at Foxcroft and East Corinth for a 
number of years, and followed school teaching for some 
time. In 1853 he married Francis H. Haws, a native of 
Corinna. He has held the office of Selectman, Clerk, 
Treasurer, andTrialJusticeof the town of Stetson for many 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



495 



years, and also represented his class in the State 1-egis- 
laiure in 1858, and in 1878 and 1879 "'•'^s elected State 
Senator from Penobscot county. He is the father of 
three children: Lyman E., died in Stetson; Jessie H., 
lives at home; Seymore E., lives at home. 

William H. Ireland was born in Bloomfield in 1798, 
and in 1807 came to Newport, where he received a com- 
mon school education, and also attended the academy 
at Bloomfield three years. When twenty-one years of 
age he purchased a farm in Corinth, and followed farm- 
ing and school-teaching; in the latter he was engaged 
nineteen years. He also preached the gospel for forty- 
three years in the Christian church, and hel.ped organize 
many churches in Penobscot county. His death oc- 
curred in Exeter in 1866. He married Mary Bean, of 
Corinth, in 1821; she died in Stetson in 1870. He was 
the father of four children — Sabinia, May J., William B., 
and Martha R. 

William B. Ireland was born in Corinth in 1826. 
When eleven years of age he moved to Newport, where 
he received a common school education; he also at- 
tended the Corinth Academy a short time. .\t the age 
of twenty-two he engaged in the mercantile business as 
clerk for E. G. Allen, and afterwards for Plaisted & Co. 
in Stetson. At the age of thirty-one he purchased a new 



stock of goods and commenced business on his own 
account, in the room now occupied by his son, Charles 
R., in which business he was engaged twenty years. In 
1877 he sold out his stock of goods to Charles R., and 
turned his attention to farming, in which business he is 
now engaged. He has held the office of Selectman of 
Stetson five years, and in 1877 represented his class in 
the State Legislature. In 1852 he married Mary A. 
Rogers, a native of Wolfboro, New Hampshire. He is 
the father of two children — Charles R., who married 
Lottie Noyes, a native of York, Maine, and lives in Stet- 
son; Edward B., lives at home; also lias one adopted 
daughter, Addie M. 

Charles R. Ireland was born in Stetson in 1854, where 
he received a common school education; he also attended 
the Maine Central Institute and Maine State Normal 
School at Castine, graduated at Eastman's Business 
College, in Poughkeepsie, New York, and in 1874 en- 
tered into a partnership with his father in the mercantile 
business in Stetson, which continued about two years, 
when he purchased his father's interest in the business. 
He was appointed Postmaster February 7, 1877, which 
office he now holds. He was also appointed Trial Jus- 
tice by Governor Connor, which office he now holds. In 
1880 he married Lottie A. Noyes, a native of Maine. 



VEAZIE. 



DESCRIPTIVE NOTES. 

Veazie enjoys the peculiar distinction of being by 
far the smallest town in the county. It was formerly but 
the Seventh Ward of the city of Bangor, and was known 
popularly as North Bangor. Its longest line of boundary, 
that on the west, is but two and a half miles long. The 
northwest line, upon which the road from Bangor to 
Upper Stillwater and Oldtown, and known here as Still- 
water .X venue, runs, is but half a mile long. The north- 
east limit — like the other two mentioned, a straight line — 
is one and three-fourth miles long. The east line, in the 
river Penobscot, is one and five-eighths miles; and the 
south line, also described by the river, about one and 
one-fourth miles. The greatest length of the town, from 
the north corner, upon the Orono line, to the end of 
Thompson's Point, in the big bend of the river, is three 
miles; its greatest width, from the east corner, also on 
the Penobscot, straight to the west line, is just one-half 
the length, or one and one-half miles. The total 
area enclosed by the confines of Yeazie is but four square 
miles, or 2,560 acres. No part of it, except what may 



lie in the Penobscot, is covered with lakes or ponds, or 
even by any stream more than two-thirds of a mile long. 
A petty tributary of the river just above the village, and 
another below Thompson's Point, are the sum-total of 
the internal waters of Yeazie. At the village a dam has 
been thrown across the Penobscot, and is made to do ex- 
cellent service in supplying mills with power. This noble 
stream has an entire flow, past the east and south sides 
of the town, of about three miles. 

Yeazie is bounded on the west and northwest by Ban- 
gor; on the northeast by Orono; on the east by the Pe- 
nobscot, and Eddington beyond; and on the south also 
by the river, and beyond it Brewer. Just beyond the 
south part of the west line of the town, stretches the 
mile-length of the beautiful Mt. Hope Cemetery. 

Yeazie has very nearly the whole of the Shore Road 
within its limits — about two miles' length, entering at the 
southwest corner, and following the river pretty closely 
to the village, where it ends. It starts just outside the 
town line, at the southeast corner of Mt. Hope Ceme- 
tery, from the Orono Road, which enters the town from 



496 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



\ 



Bangor very near the Shore Road, and runs straight to 
the village, through the southwest part o{ that, and on to 
Oiono and the river road below Oldtown. Somewhat 
more than two miles of this road are m Veazie. Near 
the extreme lower part of the village, below the dam one- 
fourth of a mile, the Chase Road branches off from the 
Shore road, crosses the Orono Road one-third of a mile 
distant, and runs northwest straight to the west line of 
the town, whence it goes half a mile to a junction in 
Bangor with the Stillwater Avenue. The length of the 
Chase highway in Veazie is not quite one and three- 
fourths miles. Stillwater Avenue, which has a length in, 
or rather upon, this town of just the northwest boundary 
line — that is, half a mile — is an important thoroughfare 
which makes pretty nearly a bee-line from the west side 
of the Park, in Bangor, across the country through Up- 
per Stillwater post-office to Oldtown, where it crosses in- 
to Milford, and joins the great highway on the east side 
of the Penobscot. The European & North American 
Railway has a length of two and one-eighth miles in 
this town, and makes but one station here — that at the 
village. 

A REMARKABLE "HORSEBACK," 

or low, broad ridge, composed mainly of gravel, the re- 
sult of glacial action far back in the geologic ages, begins 
in the bend of the river in tliis town, on the higher ground 
near Thompson's Point, and runs north and west of it 
for many miles. It is the same which we have noticed 
in the account of Lagrange, as intersecting that town 
and used for the bed of a county road, as well as for 
some fine farms. Its composition may easily be seen 
on the west side of the railway track, just before entering 
the village from the direction of Bangor, where it has 
been cut down to obtain gravel for ballasting the track; 
and some outlying mounds of it, or moraines, may also 
be seen on the other side of the railway, as one enters or 
leaves the village on the other side. 

THE SOIL OF VEAZIE 

is a sandy loam, which is in high reputation as being 
excellently adapted to the cultivation of corn. Nearly 
a century and a quarter ago, when Governor Pownall, 
with General Waldo and their attendants, were visiting 
the country above the falls on the other side of the river, 
the Governor observed and noted in his journal the 
"clear land on the left for near four miles" — looking at 
the time, no doubt, across the territory of Veazie and be- 
yond. 

THE INDIAN OCCUPANCY. 

This tract, over which Governor Pownall cast his saga- 
cious eye in 1759, while his earthwork was constructing 
at Old Fort Point, down the river, was long known as "the 
Plains." It is believed to have been occupied and rudely 
cultivated by the Indians for their corn-lands from time 
immemorial. Here, very likely, was situated their ancient 
"Negas." Negas is an Indian town known near the 
close of the seventeenth centuiy to have existed some- 
where in the dominions of Madockawando, then saga- 
more of the Tarratines. It was mentioned to the chief 
at Quebec in 1692, by John Nelson, Governor of Nova 



Scotia, who was held a prisoner there, as somewhere "up ; 
the Penobscot," in connection with the establishment of J 
a trading house; and it has been conjectured that it may 
have been the old village plainly indicated by remains onJ 
the west bank of the Penobscot, about three miles aboveJ 
the mouth of the Kenduskeag, at a place by the English! 
called Fort Hill. Mr. Williamson says, but not correctlyJ 
at all points: 

Here are tVie cavities of several cellars, and the remains of two or| 
tliree broken stone chimneys. The site is a flat of elevated ground, 
with a gradual slope to the water, formed by nature, an eligible place 
for a fortification. When it was destroyed or abandoned, no account, 
either historical or traditional, gives as entire satisfaction. According! 
to some reports, it was burned by the Mohawks; but, with much morel 
reason, it is supposed to have been laid in ruins by a party of North- 
east soldiery, about a century past. It was certainly inhabited since 
Europeans have visited, the river; for in the tillage of the land the 
plough has turned out such things as the utensils of cookery, bullelJ 
moulds, pincers, and other articles of hardware, which must have been! 
the workmanship of modern artisans. The plains in the vicinity, ac-j 
cording to the statements of the oldest settlers, originally exhibited alll 
the appearances of having been, at some unknown time, the corn-fieldsj 
of the natives. 

THE EARLY HISTORY 

of Veazie is altogether the history of part of Bangor, and 
will be found sufficiently detailed in Judge Godfrey's 
Annals. It was formerly, as already noted, the upper 
portion of the Seventh Ward of that city, being that part 
beyond Mount Hope. About 1852 the people residing 
there desired a municipal government more conveniently 
near, and more distinctly their own; and on the 26th of 
March, 1853, the town of Veazie was incorporated by the 
State Legislature. It took its name from the well-known 
old settler. General Samuel Veazie, whose descendants 
are prominent residents of Bangor. He was the builderi 
of the first railroad from Bangor to Oldtown — that which! 
ran in the interior, back from the river, was laid with 
strap-rail, and had a station in Bangor, which still stands j 
on the hill overlooking the Kenduskeag Valley, said byj 
some to have been the first railway station-house built inj 
New England. General Veazie built a fine residence at! 
the 'village, and long continued to manifest a deep interest! 
in the business and other affairs of the town. 

POPULATION, ETC. 

In i860 the people in Veazie town numbered 893. 
They were 810 in 1870, and 622 in 1880. 

The number of polls in these years, several!)', was 146,! 
193, and 175. 

Estates in the same years, $139,992, $168,432, andj 
$121,439. 

RELIGIOUS NOTES, ETC. 

The Congregational church at this place was organized] 
while it was "North Bangor," on the i8th of June, 1838. 
Its pastorate has of late been vacant. 

The Methodists, Free Baptists, and Calvinistic Bap-j 
tists also have societies here, but their pulpits are all! 
vacant at present except that of the first-named, which] 
was occupied in 18S1 by t'le Rev. J. A. L. Rich, of-i 
Orono. 

The other societies of the town are the Pine Tree, No. ■ 
1,326, Knights of Honor, and the Rural Grange, No. 
207, Patrons of Husbandry. There was till lately also aj 
Reform (temperance) club. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



497 



At the village, besides a Union church, is the Town 
House. 

THE BUSINESS 

of the town is mainly comprised in two saw-mills, one 
millwright, three coopers, two carpenters, one smith, and 
one boot- and shoe-maker, three general stores, one 
hotel,. the Everett House, kept by Asa B. Waters, and 
one physician. 

PUBLIC OFFICERS IN 1 88 1. 

N. Warren, Postmaster; A. J. Spencer, J. B. Skinner, 
A. J. McPheters, Selectmen; F. L. Pratt, Town Clerk; 
J. B. Skinner, Treasurer; J. Kent, John McCarthy, Con- 
stables; R. C. Smith, School Supervisor; Nahum Warren, 
Trial Justice. 

Nahum Warren was born in North Yarmouth, Cum- 
berland county, Maine, January 9, 1806. His father, 
Samuel Warren, was a native of Somersworth, New- 
Hampshire. He had eight children, five sons and three 
daughters, of whom Nahum is the oldest son. Nahum 
Warren married for his first wife Sarah Warren, of 
Ellsworth, Maine. She died, and Mr. Warren married 
for a second wife Clara Pullen, daughter of Dexter 
Pullen, of Waterville, Maine, who has now been dead 
many years. Mr. Warren has six children living, viz : 
Granville, deceased; Selden, of California; Eugene, also 
of California; John, of Mt. Tom, Massachusetts; Clara, 
now Mrs. Sproul, of \'eazie, and Eva M. Mr. Warren first 
settled in West Waterville, where he lived three years 
engaged in tanning and shoemaking. He lived a short 
time in Ellsworth, but moved to North Bangor, now Vea- 



zie, in 1835, where he has ever since lived, being en- 
gaged in the lumber business and farming, principally 
the former. Mr. Warren has long been one of the lead- 
ing men in Veazie, serving the town as Selectman nine 
years in succession. He has been selected to represent 
his class for two terms in the Legislature, in 1863 and 
again in 1870. Has served as Postmaster seven years. 
He is now seventy-five years old. 

William L. Clark is the son of John T. Clark, who 
moved to Veazie when William L. was nine years old, 
from Calais, Maine. He was born in Brunswick, and 
lived in Jav and Calais before coming here. John T. 
Clark was born April 26, 1826, and married Mary Tor- 
tolotte, of Eddington. They had twelve children, seven 
boys and five girls, of whom William is the second son 
and third child. William L. Clark married Olive Rob- 
inson, daughter of West Robinson, of Livermore, Maine. 
They have five children living, having lost two in mfancy, 
viz: Charles H., now of Brompton Falls, Canada: Cyrus 
R., of Charlestown, Massachusetts; Clara, wadow of Isaac 
B. Hutchins; Fanny, now Mr. Edward K. Valentine, of 
Wisconsin; .\bbie, now Mrs. E. S. .\ustin, of Hersey, 
Wisconsin. Mr. Clark first settled in Livermore, Maine, 
where he lived about three years engaged in farming. He 
then moved to Lexington, Maine, where he lived about 
three years, also engaged in farming. He then moved 
to Veazie, where he has since lived, engaged most of the 
time in mill work. He bought the farm where he now lives 
in 1869, nd since that time has been engaged in farm- 
ing. He is now seventy-five years old. 



WINN; 



DESCRIPTION. 

The town of Wmn is forty and one-half miles north- 
east of Bangor, on the east side of the Penobscot. It is 
bounded on the north by Mattawamkeag, east by Web- 
ster Plantation, south by Lee, southwest by Lincoln, and 
northwest by the river, beyond which lies Chester. 
Springfield corners with it on the southeast, and Woodville 
Plantation on the northwest, in the Penobscot, The 
greatest length of the town is a little over eight miles, 
from the west corner, on the Penobscot, to the east line ; 
the greatest width, five and three-eighths miles, on that 
line, which is very nearly maintained half-way across the 
town, to the breadth from the northwest corner, at the 
junction of the Mattawamkeag line with the river, to 
63 



the south line. From this it narrows steadily to a point 
at the west corner, at the junction of the river and the 
Lincoln line. The north or Mattawamkeag boundary 
has a length of four miles; the east line five and three- 
eighths ; the south or Lee boundary five and three-fourths; 
the southwest a little less than four; and the river flows past 
Winn on the northwest about five miles. The Five Isl- 
ands, which formerly gave the name to the town, are 
below Winn village, about one-third of the way down the 
river-front. Below them are Brown, Snow, Gordon, and 
other islands: and above the village, adjoining the north- 
west corner of the town, is another small islet. The 
area of Winn is 22,040 acres. 

The track of the European & North .\merican Rail- 



498 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



road and the river road follow closely the bank of the 
river in this town, crossing and recrossing each other 
five times within its limits. Each has a length of more 
than five miles in the town. The railway makes stations 
at South Winn, near the west corner of the town, — which 
has School No. i, but no post-office or store, — and at the 
village. On the river road are School No. i, abreast of 
the Five Islands, and a mile further Winn station and 
post-office, which has Catholic and Episcopal churches, [ 
a public school-house, the Katahdin House, a large tan- 
nery, and the usual number of stores and shops. From 
it a road runs south and. southwest four and one-half 
miles to East AVinn post-office, and one and one-half 
miles further out of Winn into the angle of Lee, and 
across that to Springfield and eastward. Stages on this 
road connect Springfield with the railroad three times 
a week. 

East Winn has a post-office, a public school-house, saw- 
and shingle-mills, and a shop or two. Roads run from 
it southwest into Lee, joining a north and south highway 
one-half mile from the west line of that town; also south ! 
into the same town, to Lee post-office and beyond. These 
and tlie others before mentioned, with a neighborhood 
road coming southeast from the river in Lincoln, run- 
ning for about a mile near the southwest town line in 
Winn, comprise pretty nearly all llie highways as yet 
used in this town. 

Through East Winn passes the west branch of the Mat- 
takeunk Stream, which enters from Lee nearly two miles | 
from the southeast corner of Winn, furnishes East Winn 
with a valuable power, and runs north and northeast about [ 
four miles further to a junction with the East Branch. 
Just below East Winn it has a small affluent from the 
south, and half a mile further, from the west, another, 
which heads in three little branches in the south centre 
of the town. The East Branch comes in from Spring- '] 
field, just where that town corners with Winn, Lee, and | 
Webster Plantation, and has a northwesterly course of 
some four and one-half miles in this town before it 
reaches the point of union with the west branch, one and 
one-half miles below the north line of the town. About 
the same distance before reaching the junction it re- 
ceives from the east a small tributary coming from the 
border of Webster Plantation. 

The Mattakeunk Stream, formed by the union of these 
branches, is a quite respectable water for breadth, but is 
only a few miles long, flowing due north and in almost a 
straight course to its mouth on the Mattawamkeag. 
This river di|.)s below the Mattawamkeag line into Winn 
in two small arcs, that near the north corner only one- 
third of a mile long, and the westward one a mile and a 
quarter, its furthermost inner edge, opposite the mouth 
of the Mattakeunk, being only one-fourth of a mile from 
the north town line. 

Across the entire southwest part of Winn flows a trib- 
utary of some seven miles' length, which rises in Lee, 
and entering Winn a mile from the southwest corner, and 
flowing northwest about five miles in this town, it reaches 
its mouth on the Penobscot about midsvay between the . 
village and the west corner of the town. A kind of lim- 



ited delta, of very singular shape, begins almost half a 
mile from the rnouth, and is crossed by the rail- and 
wagon-roads. Not far from half-way across the town 
this brook receives from the southwest a tiny affluent, and 
a more important one from the same direction, which heads 
in two branches near the southwest line of the town, and 
flows altogether in Winn. Above the mouth of the brook, 
at intervals of about a mile, are three small tributaries of 
the Penobscot, and another a mile below. 

EARLY SETTLE.MENT .\ND HISTORY.* 

Winn received its first settler as far back as when 
Maine left her now sister State, Massachusetts. Joseph 
Snow came from Arlington down the river m the early 
spring of 1820. made a clearing, and erected a log hut 
on the same lot where now his son Joseph lives. He 
raised some potatoes, corn, etc., in the fall returned 
home, and in late winter or early spring of 1821 brought 
his family of four girls and six boys to Snowville, as it 
*as for a long time called, on the ice of the Penobscot. 
Then not a house had been erected between Piscataquis 
Falls and Honlton. Indeed, their nearest neighbor was 
Penuel Shumway, who lived a mile below Piscataquis 
River, in Howland. The snow came on in the fall of 
1820 heavy and deep, so that on the family's arrival in 
[821 the present Joseph was told by his father to dig in 
.1 plat of ground, now lying opposite the residence of 
Joseph Snow, between the highway and the European' & 
North American Railroad, for some potatoes. He dug 
under four feet of snow and found the potatoes unfrozen 
and sound. His daughter Eliza died September 6] 
1825, aged twenty years — the first death in town. She 
was buried in what was called the old Snow burying 
ground, on the Snow Lot No. 5, now cut off from the 
highway by the European & North American RailroadJ 
In 1830 Rebecca Snow was married to Columbus Dunr 
— the first marriage within the jjrecincts of Winn. Mrl 
Snow died in 1S62, leaving many descendants in thi| 
section. 

In 1822 Ephraim Kyle came from Bradley and madd 
a clearing and built a log house on what was afterwardd 
].>ot No. 8, where now David Bunker resides. One oS 
his daughters, Elsie, married Alfred Gordon, and is the 
mother of a large family, most of whom reside in Winni 
Mr. Kyle died December 8, 1841, aged seventy-six years 
Jackson D. Kyle, a grandson, resides 'across the Penobl 
scot in Chester. 

In the upper part of the town Elijah Brockett made ; 
clearing and erected a log hut on the lot where W. 
Reed now lives, but a short distance below the tannerw 
of H. Poor & Son, quite near the shore. Traces of the 
stone chimney of his hut are still visible, the house hav| 
ing been burned down by an adopted son as his step 
father was moving to Lincoln. A daughter of Mrj 
Brockett married a Mr. Perry, of Lincoln, and is still livl 
ing. Mr. Kyle's death was caused by a landing of logg 
rolling onto him as he was getting them into the river. 

In 1823 Samuel Briggs came to Winn and took uc 

* The remainder of this chapter, except the statistical matter and tha 
biographies, is from tlie pen of B. F. Fernald, Esq., a well-known atH 
torney and Trial Justice at Winn village. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



499 



lots where now stand the Cottage House, Morley's Winn 
Hotel, and also the Michael McCue place. He was a 
hachelofand so remained for a long time. He built a 
small building, not over ten feet square, and traded with 
the Indians, selling them powder, shot, and rum, and 
buying their furs and skins. That was the only trading 
station between Oldtown and Houlton, but I do not hear 
that Briggs became very rich. When steamboat naviga- 
tion commenced on the Penobscot this landing was 
down at the shore, close by the Briggs store, bijt this 
was not till about 1848. Mr. Briggs afterwards married 
a .Mrs. Miller, whose maiden name was Peabody, and 
who alwavs claimed relationship with George Peabody, 
the London hanker. Mr. Briggs died since uSyo, a town 
pauper of Mattaw.imkeag, where he had resided for a 
long time. Soon after this Penuel Siiumway, before 
spoken of, and his son in-law, Ira Pitman, came and 
located on the Webber and Harmon lots, about half-way 
between the present towns of Lincoln and Mattawam- 
keag. Sluimway and Pitman afterwards removed to 
Minnesota, where Shumway died, three years since, at 
quite an advanced age. 

In 1830-31 the town was lotted off" by Zebulon Bradley. 
In 1829 the Military Road had been extended through 
Winn, running towards Houlton. Before the Military 
Road was built their mail facilities were meagre and postal 
arrangements primitive. The mail was carried by boat 
on the Maltawamkeag, and thence by horseback to 
Houlton. Their post-oftices were salt-boxes fastened to 
some object by the .shore, and the inail-carrier was 
postmaster as well, at the several salt-box offices of the 
•scattered settlements in the wilderness. In the old Snow 
burying-ground is the grave, thougli unmarked by any 
stone, of a Mr. Moor, the first mail-carrier between Ban- 
gor and Houlton, who was drowned at Slogunda Falls, 
on the Mattawamkeag. Moor's body and tlie mail-bag 
were found the next day caught in a boom of the Penob- 
scot, near where D. C. Haynes now lives, in ^Vi^n. .\ 
Mr. Dagget, who was with him, was also di owned, and 
was buried nearCiordon Falls, on the ^Lattawamkeag, and 
till lately, if not now, a trace of the grave exists. It took 
four weeks to make a trip from Bangor to Houlton, 
which is now made in less than two days. 

The mention of Gordon Falls reminds me of a brief 
location on the confines of Wmn and Mattawamkeag^ 
about which but little can he learned, as the memory of 
man hardly" runneth to that period. Indeed, the most 
information I can obtain is from the wife of S. W. 
Coombs, of Mattawamkeag, which is that her grand- 
father, John Gordon, about the commencement of the 
present century, built a mill on the Mattawamkeag, on 
what is now termed the Lower Pitch of Gordon Falls, he 
giving the name to the falls. 

The locas in quo appears to have been at the most 
eastern limit of lot B, in Winn, on the right bank of the 
Penobscot River, on land now owned by Benjamin F. 
Fernald, Esq., of Winn, Mr. Gordon having gone to the 
Province of New Brunswick about 1812. The Indians, 
not liking the destruction of their noble forests, burned 
down the mill. His son, Ale.xander Gordon, was for 



j some time largely engaged in sawing lumber at Still- 
water. Alexander's sister married a Mr. Jackins. 

After the lotting of the town and making the Mili- 
tary Road, many who came from distant parts of the State 
to work upon the road, located in this, the then Planta- 
tion No. 4, and in adjoining townships. 

In 1844 Thomas S. Ranney came from Stetson and 
became a quite active business man in the Plantation, 
serving as Clerk, Assessor, Treasurer, etc., keeping hotel 
in the Cottage House, near the Lincoln line, built by 
Captain Cyrus Fay but a short time before. Mr. Ran- 
ney died March 19, 1868, in Winn. His widow resides 
in Winn, a short distance below Winn village. 

Up to 185 1 most of the settlements in Winn were on 
the Military Road, and by farmers where the best farming 
land in town was situated; all the farmers being, as is 
usual in new settlements, lumbermen a large part of the 
year. In 1846, July 30, an act of the Legislature 
was passed to promote the improvement of the 
navigation of the Penobscot River, authorizing William 
and Daniel Moor, Jr., of Waterville, to make improve- 
ments on the Penobscot above Oldtown. They not 
deeming it practicable, their brother, General Wyman B. 
S. Moor, received an assignment of the charter, built the 
steamer Governor Neptune, and ran her from Oldtown 
to Piscataquis Falls, commencing May 27, 1847. After 
making improvements at Piscataquis Falls, removing 
rocks from the channel, etc., November 27, 1847, the 
Governor Neptune was run over Piscataquis Falls to a 
place called Nicketow, now Medway, fourteen miles 
i above Five Island Rijis. .'\fterwards, except at very 
high water, the boat was run only to Five Island Rips, or 
rather the landing place of Five Islands, now Winn vil- 
lage, but a few miles below the Rips. But for quite 
awhile before 1851, when a hotel was built at Winn vil- 
lage by Paul Stratton, this landing place was opposite the 
Cottage House, hardly a dozen rods from the line be- 
tween Winn and Lincoln, where the Cottage House was 
kept by Thomas S. Rannev, and across the road from the 
hotel and nearer the shore resided Captain Cyrus Fay, 
the agents for the boats. Elisha Thurlow now resides 
there, having three or four years ago rebuilt, the Fay 
House having been burnt down. The pilot of the boat, 
and the first pilot on the Penobscot River, was David' 
Bryant, a good pilot, but a hard-drinking man, and to his 
habitual drunkenness is said to be due the selection of a 
poor landing place for the boats, and eventually the loca- 
tion of the village and tannery and houses of H. Poor & 
Son upon a ledge hill adjacent to the steamboat -com- 
pany's store-house, when but a half mile or less below, 
nearCoombs's Eddy, every circumstance would have been 
fiir more favorable for both landing and village. The in- 
terference of Veazie and others in the navigation of the 
Penobscot River led, in 1849 'i"d 'S50, to a lawsuit be- 
tween Moor and Veazie, in which Moor was successful, 
and continued the navigation of the Penobscot till about 
1857, when Moor, becoming involved with Dunning, of 
Bangor, in the building of part of the Maine Central 
Railroad, his interest was purchased by Joseph L. Smith, 
of Oldtown, who continued its navigation till bought off 



500 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



by the European & North American Railroad Company. 
Moor employed the steamers Governor Neptune, Sam 
Houston, and the Mattanawcook : while Smith built and 
employed at the time the steamers Aroostook and John 
A. Peters, and the steam scows Lizzie Smith and NJcatow 
for use in low water. 

This much digression has been given to a partial his- 
tory of the navigation of the Penobscot as the settlement 
and growth of the present Winn village from 1847 to 
1863, when Shaw, Tilson & Co. established the present 
tannery of Henry Poor & Son, was due to the steamboat , 
navigation on the Penobscot River. 

In 1850, the navigation of the Penobscot having be- 
come assured on the successful issue of the Moor and ' 
Veazie lawsuit, Thomas S. Ranney removed from the 
Cottage House to the steamboat landing at Five Islands, 
built the small house on the ledge just east of the 
Katahdin House, and went into trade, having built in the 
fall of 1850, holding then, if not previously, the first post- 
mastership in W-inn. In 1851 Paul Stratton, a brother 
of Frink, who had settled in Chester a quarter of a cen- 
tury before, built a hotel in Winn village to accommodate 
the travel by steamboat and stage. And on those very 
years that started the building of Winn village, operations 
were commenced five miles southward, at what has since 
become East Winn, on the falls of the Mattakeunk 
Stream, or rather the west branch of said stream, where 
Dexter, Phineas, and Samuel H. Merrill made a clearing, 
felling si.x acres of trees, having bought two lots of land 
containing where now is the upper dam and pond, and 
also the lower dam and mill stands, and also built a saw- 
mill and log house that fall. The log house stood very 
near where the Lee road intersects the Winn and Spring- 
field road. All this time the Merrills were residing in 
Lee, five miles distant, but in April, 185 1, Isaac J. Mal- 
lett, a brother-in-law of the Merrills, moved with his 
family into a logging camp and mill house. Mallett ran 
the mill for several years, and C. J. Boobar, another rel- 
ative of the Merrills, shortly after came. Afterwards 
Levi B. Merrill and Mallett put in a shingle and clap- 
board-mill, and in 1861 a grist-mill was added. About 
1853 Samuel H. Merrill moved to Winn and ran the 
mill, and in 1875 S. H. Merrill rebuilt the saw-mill, mak- 
ing almost a model saw- mill, and now runs it. 

In 1877 a post-office was established at East Winn, and 
Samuel Merrill was appointed postmaster. 

In 1859 action was taken in the town to build the 
Winn and Springfield road, and in the course of a year 
or two that road was built — the only communication be- 
fore having been a road reaching the river near Joseph 
Snow's. 

Between 1851 and 1854 the inhabitants of Snowville, ; 
or River Township No. 4, were organized as Five Islands 
Plantation, Thomas H. Ranney being Clerk during its 
entire plantation existence; and on April 8, 1857, the 
town of Winn was incorporated in accordance with a leg- ' 
islative act passed the previous March. The warrant was 
directed by Joseph H. Perkins, of Lee, a Justice of the 
Peace, to Phineas Merrill, of Winn, and at that meeting 
Phineas I. Merrill was chosen Moderator; Thomas S. 



Ranney, Town Clerk; Cyrus J. Fay, Phineas 1. Merrill, 
and Thomas S. Ranney, Selectmen; Paul Stratton, 
Treasurer; Phineas I. Merrill, Supervisor of Schools; 
Jeremiah D. Webber, Collector of Taxes; Thomas S. Ran- 
ney, Town Agent. No. i, 2, and 3 school districts were 
formed. No. 3 then including the present No. 4. The 
black man had an office as well as the white man, John 
Barnett being chosen Fence Viewer. Still, they seemed 
to think the Selectmen would bear watching, as Jonathan 
Coombs, Samuel Davis, and Thomas J. Boobar were 
chosen auditors of Selectmen's accounts. 

The first town meeting spoken of above was called at 
the steamboat office, the warrant having been posted at 
the inn of Lewis F. Stratton, now Sheriff of Penobscot 
county, son of Paul Stratton. 

At a subsequent meeting held April 20, at the school- 
house in District No. i, near John W. Babcock's, Alfred 
Gordon being Constable, Lewis F. Stratton was chosen 
Moderator; $75 were raised for town charges and sup- 
port of poor; education was encouraged by raising $100 
for the sujjport of schools, and $300 for highways. 

In 1855 the list of voters in the Plantation numbered 
32, and August 20, 1857, the first year of its existence 
as a town, they numbered but 36 voters. At their fall 
election of 1857, their vote for Governor was; Lot M. 
Morrill, 30, Manasseh H. Smith, 6, which proportion was 
maintained for aH the other candidates, when Thomas S. 
Ranney had 28 votes, and James C. Emerson 7, for 
Representative to the Legislature, 

At the following spring's town meeting the modest bills 
of the officers contrasted strangely with the bills of the 
municipal officers of Winn of a later date, they being: 

C. J. Fay, Selectman $ii 29 

Phineas I. Merrill, Selectman .... 5 00 

T. .S. Ranney, Selectman and Supervisor 6 00 

Thomas S. Ranney, Clerk 3 00 

Paul Stratton , Treasurer 3 00 

Alfred Gordon, Constable 4 00 

Total $32 29 

111 1858 $75 only was raised for town charges and the 
poor, while $150 was raised for schools, an increase 
which portended much good. 

In 1S58 the inhabitants of Winn voted on the liquor 
law, eight lor the prohibitory law and five for license. 

In 1859 George H. Haynes was chosen Town Clerk, 
which position he held every year until 1867. 

For quite a long time Thomas Ranney, one of the 
most active business men in town, was their First Select- 
man, and he was e.steemed a veritable town father. He 
died in the spring of 1868. 

In 1863 the business and population of Winn re- 
ceived a large impetus by the tannery, store, and dwelling- 
houses of Shaw, Tilson & Co., composed of the since 
extensive tanning firm of Shaw Brothers, well known in 
Eastern Maine and Canada, Charles W. Tilson, at pres- 
ent manager of a tannery of Shaw Brothers in Canada, 
and the company being the present firm of H. Poor & 
Son, of Boston. They commenced operations in the fall 
of 1863; built a tannery seven hundred feet long, store- 
houses, and tenement-houses, to the value of $60,000; 





/^ 



'■i-Cj.ii^-1^ 





Residence of NICHOLAS R, HUSTON, Winn, Penobscot Co., Me, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



501 



and bought a large part of the town ot \\ inn ami Wood- 
ville. 

Previous to this, in 1857, George R. Davis and Sam- 
uel Davis, Jr., built the house which is now occupied by- 
Mrs. L. J. Blakemore, milliner, went into trade, and 
afterwards failed. In 1859 William \\'illy and George H. 
Haynes were trading in the Davis store, as Willy & 
Haynes, and afterwards sold to Joseph L. Smith of Old- 
town, and Smith and Haynes traded as J. I.. Smith & 
Company from 1861 to 1863, when Shaw, Tilson & 
Company, tanners, bought out Smith, havmg built the 
present company store, where now trades Phaddeus R. 
Joy, formerly of Sebec, Maine. Shaw, Tilson & Com- 
pany continued in trade, with George H. Haynes man- 
ager, till 1867, when they sold to Ingersoll & Coborn, 
who were succeeded by J. C. Grant & Company, then 
by Hall, Chase & Lovejoy, and they by T. R. Joy & 
Company, the company being Wilbur F. Lovejoy, who 
retired in 1880, leaving T. R. Joy, now in trade. In 
1865 Abner B. Chase became agent for the boat com- 
pany, and in company with James Butterfield, of Spring- 
field, and Horatio Gates, of Lincoln (deceased in 1881), 
built the store where William H. Chesley now trades, 
trading as A. B. Chase & Company. A. B. Chase held 
also for some time the position of express agent and 
Postmaster, Trial Justice and Town Treasurer, and his 
wife, Frank E. Chase, a sister of James Butterfield, kept a 
millinery shop. They have since moved to Norway, 
where Mrs. Chase keeps a millinery store. 

In 1867 the interest of Shaw & 'Pilson in the tannery 
was bought out, and the new firm was Poor & Kingman, 
composed of Henry Poor and other members of his fam- 
ily, of Boston, Massachusetts, and Romanzo S. Ringman, 
who had married into the Shaw family. Mr. Kingman 
was a tall, spare, energetic man, whose peculiar physiog- 
nomy is well remembered in Penobscot county. In 
1869 the Poors bought out Kingman, who removed to 
what was then called Independence Plantation, a town- 
ship on the Mattawanikeag River, just east of Matta- 
wamkeag, where on Jimskitticook Falls, in the almost 
wilderness, he with the Shaw brothers built uj) a tannery 
and town, as if by magic, a city springing up in the night. 
He afterwards sold out to the Shaw brothers and went 
to Sparta, Wisconsin, where he has ever since been en- 
gaged in banking with his brother. 

The Poors then did business in Winn under the name 
of H. Poor & Son, the son then being Eben S. Poor, 
since deceased, as has also Henry Poor, the principal 
members now being John O. Poor and Charles C. Poor, 
sons of Henry Poor, with other members of the Poor 
family, which may be said to be rather rich than poor. 

Henry Poor & Son employed as their agent from 1869 
to 1871-72 Grove H. Moor, of Northville, New York, 
till he was suspended on account of his intemperate habits 
(though since he has become a reformed man and an 
able dentist), when H'rank Gilman, who was then in trade 
at Winn, a son of John H. Ciilman, of Orono, was em- 
ployed as agent, who has ever since remained in that 
capacity. The foreign population brought in by the 
tannery gave to Winn a considerable rough element, and 



in those days, before a firm public opinion gave a strong 
overcoming force to the liquor law, gambling and drink- 
ing saloons were very flourishing and popular, and rum 
held extensive sway. 

Silas Buswell, Jr., and his saloon, and the many other 
oi>portunities, may be well remembered. After a short, 
enterprising career that individual, whose opportunities 
were golden but whose actual life was leaden, left Winn 
a drunken sot, and went to Medford, Wisconsin, where 
he now is. 

Cieorge H. Coynes in 1867 commenced trade in the 
store now occupied by Ambrose Dennis, which he occu- 
pied for a while afterwards, trading in the store he now 
occupies near the European & North American Rail- 
way depot, where he has traded, with the exception of 
his absence between 1870 and 1875. The other traders 
in town have been Henry H. Blackwell, in drugs and 
watch repairing; Aaron W. Smith, same; Frank Gilman, 
Lewis F. Stratton, and Fred Edwards, different members 
of the family of Caleb Estes. 

In 1864 Charles J. Carll came from Unity, built a 
house and went into the harness business, and has ever 
since remained, adding to it that of hardware in 1879; 
and has also held the treasuryship of Winn some years. 

Ambrose Dennis came from Passadumkeag in 1873-74, 
and engaged in the hardware business, and has also filled 
several town offices. In 1867 George H. and Guilford 
D. Stratton started to build the present Katahdin House, 
a building of very large dimensions, in anticipation that 
the European & North American Railway, then in 
contemplation, would not cross the Mattawanikeag River, 
but turn eastward, thus making Winn the depot for the 
upper country, but contrary to expectations Mattawam- 
keag became that depot. The Strattons failed. H. Poor 
& Son bought the huge ark and completed it, and Mich- 
ael L. Ross, of the Vanceboro eating, house, and after- 
wards Simon B. Gates, who bought it in 1881, have ever 
since been its dispensers of refreshtnents. 

Lewis F. Stratton, Thomas S. Ranney, Cleorge H. 
Haynes, John B. Megquier, Abner B. Chase, Wilbur F. 
Lovejoy, and Thaddeus R. Joy have been the respective 
Postmasters of Winn from 185 i, with the lapse of two 
or three years, when Uncle Sam could find no servant in 
Winn, and the people went to Mattawamkeag for their 
mail. 

For a short time during stage times a post-ofifice was 
kept at South Winn to accommodate that section and 
North Lincoln; but since the advent of the European & 
North .American Railroad this has been discontinued. 

In 1869 Caleb Estes bought what were then termed 
the Dwinel lands, in Winn, formerly owned by Rufus 
Dwinel, of Oldtown, and built a steam shingle-mill above 
Winn village; but this proved a failure in a short time, as 
did the purchase, when the lands fell into the hands of 
T. S. Moor and Abram Moor, of Bangor, who own there 
some two or three thousand acres. 

The people of Winn early attended to their education- 
al requirements, and though in many instances in the 
sparsely settled localities the schools were taught in the 
houses of the inhabitants, yet temples of education were 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



m 



soon reared, and school-teachers were teaching the young 
Five Islanders the ways of science and the_ world. In 
Snowville a school-house was built in 1847, and I think 
earlier a structure had also been dedicated to that pur- 
pose. In 1852, the first school then being in the boat 
office, a school-house was built in Winn village, near 
where the house of the widow Caleb Estes now stands, 
opposite the Katahdin House, which, if I understand 
rightly, was afterwards occupied as a dwelling-house, and 
still is, though reiuoved onto the Lot 27, at the lower end 
of the village, by Samuel Davis, who died in the summer 
of 1 88 1. At that time School District No. 3 seemed to 
embrace widely different sections, namely : the village, 
now District No. 3, and East Winn, now District No. 4, 
five n)iles distant. Presuming the population to average 
five times the number of voters, Winn, during its early 
municipal Hfe, seems to have raised at least $1 per in- 
habitant for the support of schools. In 1870 a new 
school-house was built in District No. i, on the Military 
Road, the Snow District ; but the tannery firm, about 
1865, built in the village on the hill a large two-story 
house, the lower story for a school, the upper story for a 
Town Hall, and rented the same to the town for its sev- 
eral purposes. About 1874 this was purchased by the 
town and school district, and somewhat remodeled to ac- 
commodate, with the use of the hall, the three grades 
into which the school is divided. About i860 a school- 
house was built in District No. 4, a house having been 
built in No. 2 a few years previous. On account of the 
new settlements throut;hout the town, four sub districts 
have since been formed, in which, in two instances, 
houses have been supplied by small structures, the others 
still using residences of citizens. 

The first one of the learned professions to seek for a 
livelihood in Winn was Dr. Henry A. Reynolds, who had 
served in the war of the Rebellion in the First Maine 
Heavy Artillery, and who came to Winn in 1865. Here, 
with good abilities, with a good physique and pleasant 
ways, he got quite a good practice, when, toward the last 
of his stay in \V'inn, he lapsed into mtemperate habits, 
from which he was happily rescued by the Red-ribbon 

movement, and his career since then is well known to ! 

I 

all. He is now living in a town named in honor of him } 
— Reynolds, in Dakota Territory, ])racticing farming, 
and is postmaster of his town. 

The next one of the professionals coming to Winn was 
Benjamin F. Fernald, who came from E.\eter in 1868 to 
seek a field for labor in the practice of law. Here he 
still resides, holding the positions of Trial Justice, Notary 
Public, and Pension Notary, and having held the posi- 
tion of School Committee and Collector of Taxes. 

J. F. King next, for a brief season in the fall of 1869, 
came to us from Paris (not the transatlantic one), new- 
ly fledged and replete with legal lore. But he did little 
else than run up a board-bill for his father to pay, and 
getting into bad company and consequently bad habits. 
He was soon recalled by his father, being hardly six 
months in town. 

In 1871 Dr. John R. Hathaway, from Temple, Frank- 
lin county, was introduced into this section by his 



brother, J. H. Hathaway, then engaged as an insurance.j 
agent in Bangor, and settled in Winn, where he remained] 
till 1874, when he removed to Lincoln, in practice with! 
his father-in-law, Moses Wilson, M. D., when he removed' 
to Howard City, Michigan, where he now is, I under- 
stand, doing well. 

In 1871 also came James H. Burgess, lawyer, who had 
become known in the Penobscot Valley by having been 
in the drug business in Lincoln several years before and 
failed; besides, his father had lived for some time in Old- 
town, and at that time his mother and family lived in 
Orono. A short time previous to coming to VVinn, Bur- 
gess had been a clerk in the Pension Department at 
Washington, and later in the extension of the Post-office 
and Custom-house at Bangor. After filling several townj 
offices in Winn, in 1876 he was a candidate for Clerk ofj 
Courts of Penobscot county, in which he was successful,! 
and at the close of his term in 1880 he went into thel 
practice of law at Corinna, where he still remains. 

In 1873 Dr. F. W. Merrill came from BrownvilleJ 
Maine, to engage in the practice of 'medicine at Winn,' 
where he still remains. 

In 1878 E. B. Towle came from Jackson to engage in 
the practice of law, employing himself in teaching for a 
year or more of his stay in Winn. He held the position 
of Selectman, Supervisor, and Collector of Taxes, and in 
the spring of 1881 he removed to Kansas, where he had 
an uncle residing, and at last accounts was [jracticing law 
at Clay Center, Clay county, Kansas. 

In 1877 Jeremiah E. Estes returned to Winn, having 
been engaged in lawing and milling in Kingman and in 
Macwahoc, Aroostook county. He still remains in Winn 
pursuing the same business. 

The sons of Vulcan who, with brawny arm, struck! 
while the iron was hot, have been P. King and Samuel 
Davis, Jr., whose father removed from Mattawamkeag ■ 
in 1852, and who had a shop just out of the village. 
The shop has since become the house of Charles King, 
a worthy French citizen of Winn. There, about 1864, 
William Willy completed the present shop of E. P. Lee, 
occupied it for a couple of years, and sold it to Stephen 
B. Lovejoy, who removed to Winn from Lincoln. Mr. 
Willy eventually removed to Mattawamkeag, where he 
now resides. Mr. Lovejoy occupied the shop until] 
about 187 1, was then with E. P. Lee two years, 
and in 1875 he died a very respected citizen. His widow] 
still resides in town, and an adopted son, Wilbur F. 
Lovejoy, now book-keeper for H. Poor & Son, has held] 
many stations of honor in town, though still quite ail 
young man. The present blacksmiths are E. P. Lee and] 
John D. Stanwood. 

The large foreign element in the jjopulation of Winn,] 
brought here by employment in the tannery, gives many] 
adherents to the Catholic faith, and about 1870 a church] 
was commenced on the hill nearly opposite the school- 
house, which in the course of two years was com- 
pleted. John Hardman was then overseer for H. Poor 
& Son in the tannery, and helped greatly to push forward 
the enterprise. His successor, James Rice, also has 
done much for the church, and several elegant and com- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



503 



parativelv costly windows attest to the liberality of Irish 
and French citizens in a large circle about \Vinn. The 
dimensions of the church are thirty-five feet by sixty, 
with twenty feet post, built at a cost of $6,000. It has 
eight large windows, which cost $25 each, besides 
several smaller ones of less cost, and one larger one, the | 
gift of John Hardman, of about $40. Since its con- 
struction, those in charge of this church have been Rev. 
Daniel McPhail, Rev. John J. Cassidy, Rev. James 
Carus, all residing at Benedicta, Aroostook county, while 
Rev. I). Francis Cinq-Mars, now in charge, resides at 
Winn, holding service every Sunday. There are in Winn 
about forty French families and about fifteen other Cath- 
olic families, and from seventy to one hundred Irish 
population, the Irish being less in families. This church 
also gathers in many from quite a large circuit about 
Winn. 

Rev. Thomas J. Marsden came in 1863, from Clarks- 
town. New York, to occupy the vacant place and estab- 
lish an Episcopal church in Winn. In niuiibers this 
church has not had material success, but in 1871 a neat 
little church edifice was erected in a grove on a ledge 
bluff at the lower end of the village, at a cost of about 
one thousand five hundred dollars, a larger part — in 
fact, nearly all — having been contributed by a lady in 
Philadelphia. Rev. R. \V. B. Webster, Rev. James 
Davis, and Rev. Frederick Pember have since been in 
charge of this church. At present there is none in charge, 
and the membership has hardly ever exceeded twelve 
or fifteen. All those in charge have been from England. 
Mrs. Davis received a large inheritance, and Mr. Davis 
was last heard of in the practice of medicine near Port- 
land, a very learned man. Rev. Mr. Pember is farming 
in Kennebec, having received a large inheritance from 
England. 

Winn can never be very successful as a farming town. 
Still, there are a few quite good farms in town. The 
descendants of Joseph Snow, the pioneer, have continued 
farming, and have quite a good farm. Among the best 
farms in town are those of Nicholas R. Houston on the 
Military Road just above ^Vinn village, w^ho has a fine 
set of buildings connected with these. 

R. S. Kingman, while resident here, had a good farm. 
George S. Ranney, a son of Thomas S. Ranney, has with 
one of the Hrown Islands leased from Mr. ."Xndrews a 
very good farm. 

Some of the land in the back part of the town is free 
from rocks, but more liable to frost, and among those 
Mr. Joseph Deering has a nice farm. 

The farms of David Bunker and of Daniel C. Haynes 
should not be omitted. 

A large number of new settlers nave come in within a 
year or two, giving their sole attention to farming on quite 
good soil, and their influence will be felt in the town. 

But the town as a whole is much better adapted for 
grass than tillage. But little attention has been paid till 
very lately to fruit-iaising, therefore these must be ob- 
tained outside. 

The European & North .\merican Railroad reached 
Winn from Bangor in the fall of 1869, bringing us nearer 



the East and West, giving a station in the village and also 
a telegraph, station, the agent and operator being at 
first Edgar F. Davis, of Auburn, a relative of James 
M. Lunt, whose fortunes he has followed, and since his 
departure Stephen M. Chase, of Lincoln, both able and 
gentlemanly men. Winn is the station for Lee, but ten 
miles distant, and for Springfield, sixteen miles distant, 
with which latter place a mail route connects triweekly. 
Winn is also the point of departure for the sportsmen 
going down on to the Sysladobsis, Duck, and other lakes, 
of whom there are two clubs, the Duck Lake and Dobsis 
Clubs, composed of Massachusetts and New Hampshire 
gentlemen, who have land and buildings, boats and fish- 
ing faciHties, and one of them a large fishing estab- 
lishment near the confines of Penobscot and Washington 
counties, under the care of S. L. F. Ball. 

Winn has several watei'-powers, though but slightlv 
improved — one into Penobscot river at the village, or 
rather just above, at Five Island Rips (Five Islands being 
from five islands in the Penobscot River, near the town 
line of Winn and Mattawamkeag); Gordon Falls, in the 
Mattawamkeag and within a mile or two of the Euro- 
pean & North American Railroad; and several falls on 
the Mattakeunk Stream. 

Only those on the lots about five miles from Winn 
village are improved by shingle-, saw-, and clapboard- 
mills, though other improvements have been much agi- 
tated; but the forest is largely burnt after the peelings of 
the hemlock and the almost annual strippings of hem- 
lock, spruce, pine, and cedar lumber ; though the 
water power at Gordon Falls on the Mattawamkeag, 
having a large tract of forest back of it, and having but 
about three miles of quite good road to connect it with 
Mattawamkeag station, or less than half that with the 
nearest point on the European & North .-Xmerican Railway, 
may be improved. This lies very near to the Mattawam- 
keag line, and is owned by B. F. Fernald, Esq., of Winn. 

In 1843, and some time after, John Fiske of Boston, 
Massachusetts, and Bridge of Milford, owned all of 
Winn, except, perhaps, lands owned by Rufus Dwinel, 
of Oldtown. The site of the village was obtained by Wy- 
man B. S. Moore, but his title failed. It was afterwards 
called Bridgetown. John M. Winn, a young man, poor. 
but enterprising, and employed in an insurance office in 
Salem, Massachusetts, got into the good graces of David 
Pingree, of that town, and afterwards was employed by 
Pingree as book-keeper. 

Neither Fisk nor Bridge had sons who aspired for busi- 
ness or who called for the property, the primeval forest, 
but only for the money obtained from it for spending, 
and Winn bought the township of Fisk and Bridge, 
backed by Pingree. Winn then resided in Bangor, hav- 
ing an interest with Pingree in the land. 

Near the lime of the incorporation of the town of 
Winn, named for that proprietor, John M. Winn became 
involved by loaning money, by endorsements, and other 
ways in which sharpers overcame him, and he went, about 
that time, reduced from the possession of many thous- 
ands to poverty, back to Salem to live with a pair of 
maiden sisters, where he died on charity. 



504 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



When the tannery firm bought, in 1863, they bought 
the Pingree and Winn lands. All lands that had not 
been taken up by settlers were sold, ten thousand one 
hundred acres, October 3, 1 881, to Joseph W. Burke, of 
Lee. The Dwinel lands are in possession of the 
Moors, of Bangor, some two or three thousand acres. 
The balance the old farmers and the new settlers occupy, 
becoming benefactors by puttmg two blades of grass 
where none grew before. Winn had its greatest growth 
in the seventh decade of this century now, and since its 
increase must be from the tillers of the soil, is slow and 
sure. 

As an illustration of libeiality in voting, in 1862 
William H. Maling was sick in his bed, three miles from 
the voting place, and a motion was made and a commit- 
tee of two were appointed to take the box to him to vote, 
which was done, the meeting waiting their return. 

Reuben Harmon was drawn as a juryman. Reuben 
didn't want to go, so he came to Winn village, and got 
Michael L. Boss to take his place. The accommodating 
Constable and Clerk were acquiescent, not having com- 
pleted their duties, and Michael L. Ross's name was put 
in the place of Reuben Harmon's, and Mike Ross per- 
formed the services. 

When the (Gordon Mill was erected on the Mattawam- 
keag, assistants came a long distance to help raise it. Rum 
being plenty and strong, three days were passed in ca- 
rousal. On the fourtii day they fell to work and raised 
the mill. 

Somewhere in the seventh decade a Bible class was 
formed in Winn village, composed of the flower of the 
youth — (irove H. Moor, agent of H. Poor & Son; 
George H. Stratton, Frank Oilman, Henry H. Blackwell, 
H. G. Naurt, and several other active business men. The 
object was to hold evening meetings at the place of busi- 
ness of one of their members, and the one who drank 
the hardest was the leader of the class. This continued 
for half a dozen years, and had a great influence. Dr. 
Reynolds, Grove Moor, Frank Oilman, and others have 
reformed. Dr. Reynolds had a barbecue, several roasted 
pigs and plenty of rum, lasting nearly a week, and the 
Doctor's office at the last abounded in snakes and almost 
every other specimen of a menagerie. 

ST.\TISTIC.\L. 

Winn had a population of 253 by the census of i860, 
had 714 in 1870, and 898 in 1880. The number of 
polls in i860 was 41, 248 in 1870, and 202 in 1880. 
The valuations of estates for these several years were 
$25,057- $95-798. and $103,304. 

THE PROFESSIONS 

in Winn include one Episcopal and one Roman Catholic 
clergyman (the Methodist pulpit at present is vacant), 
one physician, and three lawyers. 

THE INDUSTRIES 

of the town comprise one tannery, two manufacturers of 
long lumber, one of short lumber, and one of both; one 
harness-maker, one boot- and shoe-maker, one carriage- 
maker, one tinman, four carpenters, two smiths, and one 
merchant tailor. 



There are also three general stores, tw^o for millinery 
and fancy goods, one of confectionery, and one market. 

One hotel, the Katahdin House, is kept at the vil- 
lage. J 

THE ASSOCIATIONS ' 1 

are the Silver Star Lodge, Independent Order of GoodJ 
Templars, and the Juvenile Temple. 

TOWN OFKICERS IN 1 88 1. 

W. F. Lovejoy, S. H. Merrill (East Winn), Post-j| 
masters ; Frank (iilman, W. H. Chesley, N. R. Hus-| 
ton. Selectmen ; W. F". Lovejoy, Town Clerk; W. 
F. Lovejoy, Treasurer; Hiram Davis, Collector; Hiran 
Davis, Charles J. Carle, A. K. Lewis, Constables; H| 
N. Fifield, School Supervisor; B. F. Fernald, Frank 
Oilman, E. Estes, E. B. Towle, William H. ChesleyJ 
Samuel H. Merrill (Quorum); B. F. Fernald, Ambrosq 
Dennis, F. C. Estes (Trial); D. Merrill (Dedimus), JusI 
tices. 

BIOGRAPH'ICAL SKETCHES. 

One of the prominent merchants in Winn is CaptaiK 
William H. Chesley, who v^as born in Paris, Oxford 
county. His father, David Chesley, was a native of 
Paris; he married Mary Knight, who was a granddaugh- 
ter of Joseph Weare or Wier (it is spelled both ways), 
the fiwnous Indian killer, of old Falmouth. David and 
Mary Chesley had seven children, viz: Julia A., widow 
of the late Alvin Haynes; William H.; Joseph M., de-j 
ceased; Sarah C, now wife of Charles Green, of Mattal 
wamkeag; Mary A., now Mrs. Charles A. Haynes, oi 
Bangor; Olive E., deceased; David B., died from expoJ 
sure in the army. David Chesley came to this countj 
in 1833, and lived in Chester and Lincoln. He died ill 
1870. Mrs. Chesley is still living, being eighty-four year^ 
old. Captain William H. Chesley was born February 4| 
1826. On reaching manhood he worked in the lumbej 
yards in the winter and on the farm in summer. Ha 
engaged in the lumber business for himself when eighj 
teen. He continued in this a few years, then spent somq 
years as scaler, explorer, etc., for lumber companies. He 
then became a raft pilot on the river for some time dur4 
ing the spring months. In 1856 he became a captain or 
the river between this place (Winn) and Oldtown. He 
continued as captain on the river as long as the boat^ 
continued to run, or till 1869. During part of this 
time he kept a store also in connection with his riven 
business. After this he did some surveying and some 
writing, there being no lawyer in the village. In iSji 
he came to Winn and opened a dry-goods store. In 
1865 and 1866 he represented his town in the Legisla-j 
ture. He has held various town otifices, and served foq 
three years as County Commissioner. He married Emma 
J. Morrill, daughter of Henry T. and Jane Morrill, ofl 
Lincoln. They have no children other than an adopted 
daughter. 

Hiram Davis, deputy Sheriff of Aroostook and Penob-I 
scot counties, was born in St. George, New Brunswick,! 
April II, 1840. His parents, Thomas and Elizabethl 
Davis, had eight children, seven of whom lived to man-] 
hood and womanhood, viz: Mary, Josiah, Hiram, Wel-| 



HISTORY OF PENOB&COT COUNTY, MAINE. 



505 



lington, Eliza, Plicebe, and Melissa. Hiram Davis, the 
second son of this family, was raised on the farm in St. 
George. His father was a lumberman and shipbuilder, 
but owned a farm where the family lived. On becoming 
of age Hiram engaged in lumbering on the Penobscot, 
coming here w'hen fourteen years of age. He has been 
engaged in the lumber business until within four years, 
and in 1877 was appointed deputy Sheriff, which ofifice 
he now holds, and which takes all his time. He mar- 
rred for his first wife Ann E. Henry, daughter of Andrew 
Henry, of Prince \Villiam, York county, New Brunswick; 
she died April 14, 1859. Mr. Davis married for his 
second wife Miss Lydia A. Scott, daughter of Moses 
Scott, of Chester, Maine. They have had four children, 
of whom Martin and Henry only are living. 

Mrs. S. B. Lovejoy, of Winn, is a daughter of Jona- 
than and Betsey Peasley. She was born February 28, 
1815, in Jefferson, Lincoln county, where her parents 
spent most of their life, though Mrs. Peasley was born in 
Whitefield, Maine. They were originally fiom New 
Hampshire. Mr. and Mrs. Peasley had four children, 
viz : Mary, Miles, Betsey, and Washington. Betsey, 
the subject of this sketch, married Stephen B. Lovejoy, 
of Fayette, Maine. He lived in Sebec until coming to 
this county, working at the blacksmith's trade. He came 
to Lincoln in 1834, and was married in 1S36. They 
lived in Lincoln about thirty years, where he worked at his 
trade of blacksmith. He moved hereto Winn in 1866, 
where he died February 15, 1876. Mrs. Lovejoy had no 
children of her own. They have brought up three 
adopted children, with one of whom, Mrs. Fifield, Mrs. 
Lovejoy is now living. Mr. Wilber F., now in the em- 
ploy of Poor & Son, is an adopted son. The other 
adopted daughter is deceased. Mrs. Lovejoy has a 
pleasant home in Winn village, where she is spending 
her aged life cared for by her adopted daughter. 

Frank Oilman, of Winn, is a son of John H. and 
Sally U. Oilman (wt- Lovejoy). John H. Oilman had 
two children — Frank and Ada. John H. Oilman is a 
son of Josiah Oilman, of Oilmanton, New Hampshire. 
Frank Oilman was born at Sebec, September 8, 1839. 
On reaching manhood he went into the army as a clerk in 
the Commissary Department, whete he remained till the 
close of the war. In the spring he went with his father, 
who was Superintendent of the Agricultural College 
Farm at Orono, and remained there two years. In the 
fall of 1868 he came to Winn and engaged in trade in 
which he continued two years. In 1S70 he entered the 
employ of Henry Poor & Son, as general superintendent 
of their tannery business at Winn and Medway. This 
firm employ over one hundred men at these two places 
during the entire year, and at some seasons they employ 
over six hundred men. Mr. Oilman has general charge 
of (his immense business here. He married Maria 
Averill, daughter of William Averill, of Orono. They 
have two children, viz : Kate W. and John A. 
■ Ambrose Dennis, the hardware dealer of Winn, is a 
son of .'\mos Dennis, of Palermo. His mother's maiden 
name was Thankful Coombs, of Albion, Maine. Amos 
moved to Passadumkeag about 1S47, where he died in 

6* 



1880. Mrs. Dennis died in 1S66. Mr. and Mrs. Den- 
nis had seven children, viz : Albert, deceased; Mary, 
wife of Ira Haskell, of Munson, Maine; Oeorge and 
John W., twins — Oeorge is deceased; Amos, now of 
Passadumkeag; Ambrose; and Edwin T., of Passadum. 
keag. Ambrose Dennis was born in 1843, in Passadum- 
keag. He engaged in trade on becoming of age in his 
native town with Mr. Costigan. This firm continued five 
years, when they dissolved and Mr. Dennis went to 
Michigan and spent two years, and then came to Winn 
in 1870, and opened his present business of hard- and 
tin-ware. He has since lived in this place. He married 
Clara J. Trask, of Hudson. They have two children — 
Albert and Stella M. Mr. Dennis has served as Select- 
man, Supervisor of Schools, Collector of Taxes, etc., in 
Passadumkeag. He has also held similar positions in 
^Vinn. He is at present Trinl Justice in Winn. 

David Bunker, of \Vinn, who came ir.to the county in 
1825, is a son of David Bunker, Sr. His father was a 
native of New Hampshire, but lived principally in Canaan, 
in Somerset county, where he died. He married Mary 
Stanton, whose parents were from New Hampshire. 
They had nine children, all of whom lived to maturity — 
Moses, now living in Ripley, eighty-two years old ; Sally, 
deceased; Polly, wife of J. Bigelow, of Corinna Centre; 
David; Amanda, widow of Timothy Ricker, of Corinna; 
James, deceased: Ezra, deceased; John, who w^ent to 
California, but it is not known whether he is living or 
not ; Horace, in Colorado. David Bunker, Sr., died in 
December, 1843; Mrs. Bunker died in 1849. David 
Bunker, Jr., as he used to wiitc his name, was born Au- 
gust 12, 1805. He first settled in this county in 1S23. 
He spent his early manhood in milling and lumbering. 
He settled in Chester in 1827, where he lived about 
thirty years. He came to Winn, where he now lives, in 
1861, and built the dam and part of the mill which he 
completed the next year, and soon after moved his family 
over. He has since then followed the business of lum- 
bering and farming, though principally farming. He 
mariied Phcebe Scott, of St. Oeorge's, New Brunswick. 
They had one daughter, Sarah E., who married Daniel 
C. Haynes, of Winn. Mr. Bunker died July 14, 1881. 
He has held many of the ofifices of his town, both in 
Chester and Winn. 

Daniel C. Haynes, of Winn, was born in Chester, in 
this county, November 9, 1831. His father, Walter 
Haynes, married Lydia Carlton, formerly of Rumford, 
.Maine. They had twelve children, of whom Daniel is 
the third son. He spent his boyhood on the farm. On 
becoming of age he first settled in Chester, where he mar- 
iied Sarah E. Bunker. They lived in Chester until i86i, 
when they moved to W'inn, where he now lives. Since 
coming here he has built all the buildings on his farm. 
He owns one hundred and ten acres of land, nicely 
located on the east bank of the river. Mr. and Mrs. 
Haynes have nine children — Laura E., wife of Joseph 
Harmon, of Winn; David B., of Mattawamkeag ; Delia 
H., now Mrs. James Harmon, of Winn ; Walter, of 
Winn; Carrie V.; Delia B.; Henry R.; Herbert D.; and 
Sadie M. Mr. Haynes has held the office of Selectman 



So6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



One of the oldest settlers of Winn was Reuben Har- 
mon, who came from Gorham, New Hampshire. He 
used to drive the stage from Bangor to Houlton, or, in 
other words, carry the mail, for he began before the road 
was built, and often had to carry the mail on his back 
part of the way. He married Betsey A. Snow, of Winn. 
They settled on the glace where Joseph now resides 
about 1S32. They had eleven children, all of whom 
grew to maturity — Daniel, deceased; Rebecca, wife of 



George W. Young, of Winn; Allen S.; Martin, deceaseds 
William, now in Lisbon, Maine; James K. P., now in| 
Winn; Joseph D.; Horace G., now in Lisbon, Maine] 
Benjaman R, also in Lisbon; Reuben, now in LisbonJ 
Henry M., also in Lisbon. Mr. Harmon died some 
fifteen years ago, about 1866. Mrs. Harmon is still liv4 
ing in Lisbon. Joseph D. Harmon was born August 27J 
1846, in Winn. In 1S71 he married Laura HaynesJ 
They have three children — Adra, Ora, and Elwell. 



I 



THE PLANTATIONS. 



DREW PLANTATION. 

This far-off but not altogether insignificant municipal- 
ity is in the southernmost northeast corner of the county, 
fifty-three miles nortlieast of Bangor. It is bounded on 
the north by the Reed and Barker Plantations, in Aroos- 
took county, on the east by a strip of Township No. 8, 
Range 4, north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase, 
beyond which lies the town of Danforth, in Washington 
county; on the south by Prentiss; and on the west by 
Kingman. It is about ten miles from the Penobscot 
River at the nearest point, the mouth of the Mattawam- 
keag River; but has ready access to all the world by the 
line of the European & North Auierican Railroad, which 
intersects the town with a track of more than five miles, 
and gives it one station, with the singular name of 
"Wytopitlock," nine and three-tenths miles from King- 
man, and four and a half miles from Bancroft. 

The chief water of Drew Plantation is the Mattawam- 
keag River, which has a very devious course of about 
eight miles in the Plantation, and drains nearly every part 
of it. This fine stream enters from Barker's Plantation, 
a mile west of the northeast cumer of Drew and of the 
county, flows south half a mile and makes a big bend to 
the west and northwest, nearly reaching the north line 
again, and being here very closely neighbored by the rail- 
way. Here it again turns south, and runs four miles west 
of south to its southernmost bend or reach in the Plan- 
tation. One-half of a mile before making the bend it 
receives a small tributary from the east, and a little fur- 
ther sends off a cross channel west to its own stream op- 
posite, thus forming an island one-fourth of a mile in 
greatest length or breadth. After receiving this the Mat- 
tawamkeag flows north of west two and a half miles fur- 
ther, when it crosses the Kingman line just about mid- 
way of its length. About half-way between its southern 
bend and this exit the river takes in from the south, by an 
outlet one and one-fourth miles long, the water of Mud 



Lake, which is fed mainly by the Mud Brook, from Pren- 
tiss, which has its mouth a little way inside the south line 
of the Plantation, on the southeast shore of the lake. 
This water, which is vastly smaller than some of the 
"ponds " in the county, is only two-thirds of a mile long 
by one-half a mile in greatest breadth, and does not 
cover more than one-third of a square mile of surface. 
It lies one and one-fourth miles from the southwest cor- 
ner of the Plantation, and its southernmost end just 
touches the south boundary. 

One mile above the tributary near the south bend of 
the Mattawamkeag, the Meadow Brook comes in from 
the east, rising in the edge of Township No. S, and re- 
ceiving two small affluents from the southeast in Drew, 
within about a mile of the county line. A little above, 
on the other side of the river, the Libbey Meadow Brook 
enters from the west, flowing wholly the distance of near 
two miles in Drew. Three-fourths of a mile above its 
mouth the Pitlock Stream, entering in two heads from 
Reed's Plantation, and uniting them one-half mile below 
the town line, and flowing thence one and a half miles 
further, enters the Mattawamkeag. 

In the soudieast angle of the town rise two of the 
headwaters of the East Branch of the Mud Brook, which 
flow out south into Kingman. 

The only highway entirely traversing Drew Plantation, 
toward any points of the compass, is the north and 
south road which runs from Springfield village northeast 
and north through Prentiss, into Drew, which it enters a 
mile east of Mud Lake, and nearly two and a half miles 
from the southwest corner of the Plantation. It thence 
pursues a somewhat zigzag but generally northerly course 
for about six miles through the tract, running up the east 
side of the Mattawamkeag and crossing it one-third of a 
mile above the mouth of the Pitlock Stream, a half a 
mile further the railroad, going out of the Plantation half 
a mile beyond, very nearly at the middle of its north line. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



507 



Upon or near this road is almost the entire settlement as 
yet in the Plantation. On the other or west side of .Mud 
Lake another road from Springfield, branching from the 
former in the northeast corner of that town and running 
through Prentiss, reaches the lake after about half a 
mile's run in this Plantation, and there stops. On the 
other road, half a mile east of the lake, a public school- 
house has been constructed. 

This tract was originally known as Plantation No. 7, in 
Range 4, north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase. It 
was settled about 1825, and organized as a plantation 
September 8, 1856. It is the oldest of the organized 
plantations e.xcept Webster, which is seven days older, 
and WoodviUe, which is four years older. It had a po|)- 
ulation of 85 in 1870, and 137 in 1880. Polls in 1880, 
20 ; estates, $33,335. There is no post-ofifice, and no 
artisan but one blacksmith. The officers of the Planta- 
tion in 1S81 were: Warren Butters, C. G. Potter, 
George Sprague, Assessors ; Warren Butters, Clerk; Page 
Mix, Treasurer; J. N. Belden, Collector; J. N. Belden, 
Constable ; Mrs. C. G. Potter, Mrs. Annie Butterfield, 
George Sprague, School Committee. 

Stephen Belden was born in Palermo, Maine, Septem- 
ber 29, 1802. His father, Stephen Belden, Sr., married 
Mary Harvey, and reared a family of six children, who 
grew to maturity, viz: Olive, Stephen, Drusilla, Betsey, 
James, and John. Stephen Belden, the oldest son of 
this family, first settled in Palermo, where he lived until 
1874, when he came to this county and bought the farm 
where he now lives in Drew Plantation. He married Lois 
Dennis, of Palmero. They have had ten children, viz : 
Lucinda, wile of Joseph Yeaton, of New Hampshire ; 
Wilbert, died in the army ; ,\rvilla, now Mrs. Deland, of 
Portland, Maine ; Edwin, now of Prentiss ; Philander, 
now in California; John F'., of Prentiss; Ruth, wife of 
Frederick \oung, of Palermo, ^L^i^e ; Marcia, wife of 
Alonzo Young, of Drew Plantation; Eliza, wife of Wil- 
liam Bowler, of Palermo ; Joseph, with his father on the 
farm in Drew Plantation. Joseph has been Collector 
for five years in this Plantation. Joseph Belden married 1 
Sarah F. Norton, of Palermo. They have two children, 
viz: Etta G, and Lois. 

One of the early settlers in Drew Plantation was Mr. 
James Potter, who came here from Perry, Maine, in 
1850. James Potter married Mary Golden, of Perry. 
They settled in Perry and there lived until coming here. , 
He was a native of Whitefield, Maine. They had a j 
family of seventeen children, of whom only seven grew ] 
to manhood and womanhood, viz; Lucy A., Joseph C, 
Peter G, George E., James L., Clark G., and Annie M., 
all of whom are living except Peter G, and James L. 
Mr. Potter died March 15, 1S75. ^^I's. Potter was 
drowned September 2, 1876. Clark G. Potter was born 
March 19, 1842. When eight years of age he came 
here with his father and helped to clear up the farm 
where he now lives. He married Miss Annie M. 
Averill, daughter of Ira AveriU, of Prentiss. They have 
had five children, of whom three are living, viz: Ernie 
M., Bennie A., and Brett. Mr. Potter has a good farm 
of one hundred and fifty acres. He has been engaged 



in lumbering as well as farming. Mr. Potter has always 
held some town office since he became of age. He is 
now First Assessor of this Plantation. 

Angus Mackay is a son of William Mackay, of Scot- 
land. William and Catharine Mackay had five children, 
viz : Ale.xander, deceased ; Barbara, wife of George Fox, 
of Southampton, New Brunswjck ; John, deceased ; 
John, now of Newfoundland ; and Angus. Angus Mac- 
kay was born January 12, 1828. He came to the United 
States when sixteen years of age, and worked at lumber- 
ing. He bought the farm on which he now lives in 
1851. Since then he has worked at lumbering winters 
and farming summers. He married for his first wife 
Emeline Ames, from Farmington, Maine, and had by her 
five children, viz : Sarah, William A., Catharine, John, 
and Emeline A., all of whom are dead except Emeline. 
Mrs. Mackay died in 1861, and Mr. Mackay married for 
his second wife Miss Mary Skillinger, of Danforth, 
Maine, by whom he has seven cliildren, viz : William, 
Charles, Nettie, Esther, Hattie, John, and Hugh, all of 
whom are living except Hattie. Mr. Mackay has a farm 
of one hundred and thiity-five acres on the Mattawam- 
keag River. 

Page Mix, of Drew Plantation, is a son of Enos Mix, 
of Vermont. Enos Mix married Sarah Page. They had 
fourteen children, of whom twelve grew to maturity, viz: 
Polly, Samuel, Lucretia, Sally, Eliza, Matilda, Ruth, EI- 
mira, Mary, John, Page, Eli, and Enos. Of this large 
family only five are now living, viz: Elmira, Mary, Page, 
Eli, and Enos. Page Mix was born May 11, 1814. He 
first lived in Orono after he became of age ; he lived 
there about fifteen years, when he went to California, 
where he remained three years and a half. In 1855 he 
returned to Maine and bought the (arm where he now 
lives on the Mattawamkeag River, in Drew Plantation. 
He married Eunice Merrv, of New Portland, Maine. 
They have had five children, viz : Flora, now Mrs. 
James Young, of Drew Plantation ; Elmer P.; John A.; 
Carrie A., deceased ; and Eli O. Mr. Mix has been 
Treasurer of his town. He owns three hundred and 
sixlyfive acres of land, lying on the Mattawamkeag River 
in Drew Plantation, and is now engaged principally in 
farming, though he used to lumber in connection with 
farming: Mr. Mix lost his wife in 18S0, and is now 
living with his second wife. 



LAKEVILLE PLANTATION. 

This is a large tract, occupying pretty nearly the 
whole space of two surveyed townships — Nos. 4 and 5, 
in the first Range, north of the Bingham Penobscot 
Purchase. It lies in the form of a parallelogram over 
six miles wide, by about ten and a half miles long, sepa- 
rated by a narrow tract, part of which belongs to Carroll 
town, from Washington county. It is bounded on the 
north by Carroll and Springfield; on the south by Town- 
ship No. 4, in Hancock county, and Township No 5, in 
Washington ; and on the west by Township No. 3, in 



5o8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Penobscot. The town of Lee corners with it on the 
northwest. 

The surface of Lakeville Plantation is considerably cov- 
ered with sheets of water, which are here quite uniformly 
called "lakes,"whether large or small. The middle western 
part is occupied largely by the Sisladobsissis Lake, a rather 
narrow water, about five miles in length, and lying from 
northwest to southeast. By a short inlet from the north 
it receives the waters of a much smaller sheet. Its own 
outflow is by another short stream into Sisladobsis Lake, 
a sheet of nearly the size of the Sisladobsissis, which 
stretches from northwest to southeast out into Washing- 
ton county. At a bay on the north of it, in the Planta- 
tion, it receives from the northwest a tributary fed by two 
small lakes a little west of the head of the Sisladobsissis. 
In the northeastern angle of the Plantation is a roundish 
sheet called Duck Lake, covering about half a square 
mile. It receives from Springfield the Lowell Brook, and 
from Carroll Getchell Brook, each of which flows a mile, 
more or less, in Lakeville. On the north and west of 
this is most of the settlement which the Plantation so far 
has. Duck Lake flows by a southeast channel of about 
four miles' length to the northwest part of Cug Lake, a 
sheet of about the same size as Duck, but of more irreg- 
ular shape, lying in the south centre of the east part of 
the town. Opposite the entrance of the Duck Lake out- 
let, — that is, at the southwest part of the lake, — the out- 
let of Cug Lake passes about three miles into Washing- 
ton county. Part of the Horseshoe Lake lies a mile or 
two east of it, in the southeast corner of the town. This 
is connected with Junior Lake, a large body of water, 
whicli fills most of the strip between Lakeville and 
Washington county on that side. A little of the western 
part of this lake, and the extremity of its northwest bay, 
with a small lake and outlet which feed it, are in the 
eastern part of Lakeville with a small lake and outlet 
which contribute to feed the Junior Lake. Three or 
four iniles of the Taylor Brook, entering from Township 
No. 4, and flowing northwest and west to the Passaduin- 
keag River, are in the southwest angle of the Plantation. 
A pretty large curve of the Passadumkeag River, with a 
smaller one north of it, is in the southwestern part of 
Lakeville, near the west line. 

The Plantation has few roads as yet, and these are 
almost wholly in the northeastern part. The stage-road 
from Lincoln to Topsfield passes two to three miles 
north of it, through Springfield and Carroll, upon which 
the Lakeville people have still to rely lor postal facilities. 
From a point on the stage-route half a mile east of 
Springfield village, near the Beaver Pond, a road starts 
off southwardly and enters Lakeville near the southeast 
corner of Springfield, running two to three miles into 
the interior of the Plantation. Just after entering Lake- 
ville it sends off a short cross-road, to connect with a 
highway northwest from Duck Lake into Carroll; and a 
little below this cross-road a neighborhood track of about 
two miles' length starts off to the west and southwest. 
Half way between Duck Lake and the cross-road is 
School-house No. i, from which a "plug" road of two 
miles' length runs east into the southerly projection of 



Carroll, passing School No. 7 near the town line, and' 
just befoijs that sending off a curving road southeasterly 4 
almost to the e.xtreme south line of Carroll, but crossingj 
only about half a mile of Lakeville soil. 

Civilized settlement did not get in here until about I 
1855. The Plantation was organized February 29, 1868, 
under its present name, probably derived from the largej 
lake within its borders. It had a population of 108 inj 
1870, and 136 in 18S0. Polls — 1870, 30; 1880, 34. 
Estates— 1870, $43,990; 1880, $48,608. 

Formerly, a great deal of lumbering was done within I 
this tract, and it is still a profitable industry here. Two! 
saw-mills and one shingle-machine are in operation. 

The foUowing-nained were the Plantation ofificers foi^ 
1881: S. T. Mallett, Charles Hale, J. A. Ham, Assess-| 
ors; Charles Hale, Clerk; S. T. Mallett, Treasurer; Isaac 
Whitney, Constable and Collector; A. E. Gowell, School| 
Supervisor; A. E. Gowell, Quorum Justice. 

One of the prettiest places in Lakeville Plantation isj 
that owned by Alfred E. Gowell. Mr. Gowell came toj 
this place from To]«ham, Maine, in 1862. He is a son] 
of Alfred and Elizabeth Gowell {nee Elizabeth Brown, of 
Topsham). Alfred Gowell was a native of Bowdoin.j 
Alfred and Elizabeth Gowell had six children, viz: Alfred! 
E.; Peregrine W., now in Kansas; Emma B., wife of* 
Rowland Rogers, of Bowdoin; Gilbert M., on the old 
place in Bowdoin; William M., deceased, and Horace 
F., now in Caribou, Maine. Alfred E., the oldest of this 
family, was born June 3, 1S34. On becoming of age hej 
worked at the ship-carpenter's trade for seven years inj 
various places. He came here in 1861 and bought the] 
place where he now lives in Lakeville Plantation. It isj 
on the north side of Duck Lake, a very beautiful sheet] 
of water. It is here that the Duck Lake Club have their j 
Club-house. This club is composed of six gentlemenj 
from Massachusetts and Connecticut. Mr. Gowell owns] 
here three hundred acres, and is beautifying his gtoundsj 
by setting out trees, grading lawns, etc. He married! 
Miss Rhoda L. Blake, daughter of Lemuel and Nancyj 
Blake. They have four children, viz : Nancy E., Rosel 
A., Herbert E., and Ethel G. Mr. Gowell has held vari- 
ous ofifices in the gift of his townsmen, such as Clerk.J 
Justice of the Peace, member Board of Assessors, etc. 



NO. I PLANTATION. 

Township No. i, in the North Bingham Penobscot! 
Purchase, is an even surveyed township, lying in goodi 
shape fifteen and one-half miles northeast from Bangor, 
between Greenbush on the west and No. 2 Grand Falls 
Plantation on the east, which alone se|Darates it in that 
direction from Hancock county. On the north is 
Lowell, on the south Greenfield. Township No. 39, in 
one of the northwest corners of Hancock county, which 
abound in this region, corners with No. i Plantation on 
the southeast. Passadumkeag corners with it on the 
.northwest. The tract is only three and one-half miles 
the Penobscot, from the nearest point of the river along 
the north line of Greenbush to the northwest corner oi 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



509 



N9. I- The one hundred inhabitants, more or less, yet 
in the Plantation, are accommodated with railway facili- 
ties chi^efly at Olamon Station, on the European & 
North American Railway, near that line, and with postal 
facilities there and at Lowell on the north and Greenfield 
on the south. 

The Olamon Stream, heading in Morison Brook and 
other waters in Greenfield and southward, runs up into 
the Plantation with a short curve toward the southwest 
angle, and returning into Greenfield, passes thence into 
Greenbush, very near the southwest corner of No. i, and 
passes on to its junction with the Penobscot at Olamon 
Station. Near the east line of the Plantation and in its 
south central part, are the headwaters and tributaries of ! 
Lord's Brook, which runs northwest to a union with the 
Passadumkeag River, about the middle of the arc which 
that stream makes in the north part of the Plantation. 
The river enters from the direction of Lowell post-office, 
about two and one-half miles from the northeast corner 
of No. I, makes a great curve of which the south- 
ernmost part is about a mile distant from the north line 
of the Plantation, and after a tlow of more than three 
miles therein, goes out for Lowell and Passadumkeag at 
a point about a mile from the northwest corner. Three- 
quarters of a mile east ot its entrance a smnll tributary of 
the river between Lowell village and Suponic Pond takes 
its rise. In the southeast angle of the Plantation are a 
mile or two each of two small streams which flow into 
Greenfield, and there unite to form the Morison Brook. 

The princii)al road in No. i is the highway that com- 
pletely traverses the Plantation from south to north. 
Starting from the river road on the east of the Penobscot 
it flows through Greenbush an.d out at the southeast 
corner of that town into Greenfield, where it curves 
northward into No. i, crossing the south line almost mid- 
way and running with a somewhat curvilinear and zigzag 
course east of north till it leaves the town for Lowell 
post-office. A road east from a little below Olamon also 
runs a little way into No. i. 

No. I Plantation is of very recent creation. A war- 
rant for its organization was issued by the County Com- 
missioners January 7, 1878, and its formation may be 
considered as dating from that year. The tract had a 
population of but sixty-six in 1870 and ninety-seven in 
1880. The polls and estates in these years were not re- 
ported. 

Judging from the list of officers of the Plantation, the 
people consist largely of Littlefields. One of the Asses- 
sors is Lorenzo Littlefield; Mr. John Littlefield is Collec- 
tor, and J. W. Littlefield is a Constable. The other offi- 
cers are Charles Cunningham and D. C. Douglass, Asses- 
sors; Albert McLaiii, Clerk; Simeon Philbrick, Constable, 
and Messrs. McLain, Philbrick, and Cunningham, School 
Committee. 



NO. 2, GRAND FALLS PLANTATION. 

This is another of the newer municipalities on the out- 
skirts of the county and of the wilderness. It is, how- 



ever, but twenty-two miles in a straight line from Bangor, 
and but nine from the river and railroad at Olamon Sta- 
tion. It was formerly No. 2, of the North Bingham 
Penobscot Purchase, and is, like No. i Plantation, a reg- 
ular township of thirty-si.\ square miles. 

THE AI.LEN TRACT, 

where most of the population of the Plantation reside, 
consisting largely of Pcttingill families, is an area in the 
form of a parallelogram, in the northeast part of the 
town, adjoining Burlington, and named from a former 
owner. It contains about six square miles. 

THE PASSADUMKEAG STREAM, 

crossing from east to west, nearly divides the tract into 
halves, and flows out of it northwest to and through the Su- 
ponic Pond, having a total run of about three and one- 
half miles in the Plantation. Near its point of entrance 
on the line of Washington county are the Grand Falls, 
which give a part of the name to the Plantation. Just 
outside the northwest corner of the Allen Tract, the 
. Madagascal Stream comes down from the north into the 
Plantation, flows in it, and mainly in the Tract, through a 
great curve of over two miles, and enters the Passadum- 
keag a mile above its mouth. 

About half the area of Suponic Pond, which has been 
described in our notes on Burlington, lies in this Planta- 
tion, and about half-way across its northern edge. It is a 
beautiful sheet of water, very iiicturesque in its surround- 
ing scenery, and almost sublime in some of the loftier 
neighboring heights. Less than a mile south of the pond 
begins the rise of the most imposing natural feature of 
this part of the county, or any part of the county east of 
the Penobscot and north of Black Cap Mountain, the 

PASSADUMKEAG MOUNTAIN. 

This is an eminence of many hundred feet in height, 
nearly two miles in length at the base, and more than 
two miles in basilar breadth. It is a conspicuous object 
in the landscape for many miles in each direction, and 
adds not a little to the physical attractions of the Planta. 
tion. 

WAGON-ROADS. 

The roads in No. 2, Grand Falls, are almost confined 
so far to the northeast part and the Allen Tract. The 
principal one runs down the northeast shore of Suponic 
Pond into the Plantation half a mile northeast of the 
mouth of the Passadumkeag, and strikes about in a bee- 
line for that stream near the middle of the Tract. It is 
continued in a neighborhood road across the stream, and 
a mile or so further east till near the county line, where it 
ends. Trails also run north and east to the Grand Falls 
and the southeast corner of Burlington. 

BOUNDARIES. 

No. 2, Grand Falls, is bounded on the north by Bur- 
lington; on the east by Township No. 3, in Hancock county; 
on the south by Townshij) No. 39, in the same; and on 
the west by No. i Plantation. Lowell comes with No. 2 
at the northeast corner of the latter. 

ORGANIZATION AND STATISTICS. 

This township was settled about 1830, and the Planta- 



S'o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



tion was organized Nov. i6, 1878. It had a population 
of even 100 in 1870, and 93 in 1880. Polls in 1880, 23; 
estates, $23,822. 

PL.^NT.XTION OFFICERS. 

The offices of No. 2 seem in 1S81 to have been, and 
they probably are generally, concentrated in few hands. 
Mr. Harvey Stickney was, that year. Clerk, Treasurer, an 
Assessor, and a member of the School Committee. 
Joseph Folsoni was another of the Assessors, and also 
Constable and Collector. P. B. Moore was tlie remain- 
ing Assessor, and a School Committeeman. Charles B. 
Littlefield was the only one to have but one office; he was 
a member of the School Committee. 

There is no post-office in the Plantation, the people re- 
lying mainly upon Burlington for their mails. 



STACYVILLE PLANTATION. 

Stacyviile is the northernmost organized plantation in 
the county. It is a regular township (No 3) in the Sixth 
Range, the same range to which belong the town of 
Patten, its next neighbor on the north, and the town of 
Mt. Chase above that. It is bounded on the east by 
Sherman, Aroostook county; on the south by Township 
No. 2, Sixth Range; and on the west by No. 3, Seventh 
Range. It is sixty-six miles east of north from Bangor. 

Stacyviile is an exceedingly well watered tract. The 
Swift Brook, heading in two small lakes in the south- 
western part of Patten, intersects the whole of Stacyviile 
from north to south, and has no less than ten tributary 
brooks in this Plantation. Six of them, all small, llow in 
on the east side of the Swift, in the north half of the 
town. On the west is received, a little below the lower- 
most of these and near the middle of the town, an af- 
fluent from the northwest, which heads in two branches 
in the southwest angle of Patten. They join in Stacy- 
viile, and the united stream flows for about two and one- 
half miles to the Swift. A little more than a mile below 
a similar tributary is received, with two long branches 
rising, respectively, in Townships No. 3 and 4, flowing 
southwest and uniting somewhat more than a mile from 
the brook. Through the southwest angle of the Planta- 
tion flows very much another such tributary, its two 
branches heading in No. 3, each running a mile, more or 
less, in Stacyviile, there uniting and flowing a little way 
out into No. 2, Sixth Range, where the stream unites 
with the Swift to form the Mud Brook, an affluent of 
the East Branch of the Penobscot. 

Two miles east of the Swift flows the Little Molunkus 
Brook, rising in the north part of No. 2, Sixth Range, 
and flowing north and northeast through a small pond, 
in. the south centre of eastern Stacyviile, to a junction 
with the Molunkus Brook a little way over in Sherman. 
The Molunkus rises in three heads in the south part of Pat- 
ten, and flows about four miles southeast and east in 
Stacyviile to about the middle of the east line of the 
Plantation, where it leaves the county. About mid-way 
between the Little Molunkus and the Swift about two 



miles of a headwater of the Salmon Pond and the Salmon i 
Stream flow south and into No. 2. 

The main highway of Stacyviile, upon which are se^ 
tied most of its peo|)le, is the road which leaves the old 
military trail at Molunkus, enters Stacyviile just belofl 
the Molunkus Brook, crosses there the Little Molunkus 
and shortly after the Molunkus itself, and runs wes^ 
of north up the east side of that brook into Patteri 
and then to Patten post-office. In the southwest angy 
of Sherman this highway sends off the Mt. Katahdiii 
road, which crosses the southern part of Stacyviile in 
a somewhat broken course, and runs west and northwest 
about fifteen miles to a point between the northeast and 
southeast flanks of the main bulk of the mighty moun- 
tain. 

Stacyviile was settled in 1850, and incorporated ten 
years afterwards, on the 30th of June, i860, taking hi 
name from one of the original settlers and proprietors! 
It is the oldest of the plantations in the county, excepfl 
Webster and Drew. In 1870 it had 138 inhabitants, and 
184 in 1880. It must soon be ready for incorporation 
as a full-fledged town. The votes in 18S0 numbered 45J 
its valuation of estates was $20,362. 

The Plantation officers for 1881 were; Robert N. Mcil 
Clure, James Kelley,and Joshua Bragg, Assessors; Robert 
N. McClure, Clerk; Alonzo J. Richmond, Treasurer; 
Alonzo J. Richmond, Constable and Collector; Fred 
Hunt, School Supervisor. 



WEBSTER PLANT.VnON. 

This was formerly Township No. 6, in the Third Range 
north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase. It is sepa- 
rated by but the width of one town — Prentiss, upon the 
east — from Washington county ; by only another — 
Kingman, on the north — from Macwahoc Plantation, in 
Aroostook county ; by Winn only from the Penobscot — 
four miles distant, by the north line of Winn, its shortest 
breadth , and by Springfield, its next neighbor on the 
south, and the Lakeville Plantation beyond, from Han- 
cock county. It is thus completely bounded on all 
sides, save that, on the west of Kingman and north of 
Webster, about two miles' breadth of Mattawamkeag 
bounds the Plantation. It is cornered on the northeast 
by Drew Plantation, on the southeast by Carroll, and on 
the southwest by Lee. It is forty-four miles northeast of 
Bangor, from corner to corner, and less than three miles 
from the European & North American Railroad at King- 
man Station. It is pretty nearly an even township of 
thirty-six square miles. 

The waters of Webster are mainly the Mattagondus 
Brook, which rises a little north of Carroll post-office, 
flows west into Springfield, and just beyond the southeast 
corner of Webster into Prentiss, and through that into 
the Plantation. It enters about two miles below the 
northeast corner of the Plantation, flows a little more 
than this in the interior westwardly, northerly, and east- 
erly again, till it leaves Webster a little below the corner 
just designated, flows across the northwest angle of Pren- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK 



tiss and the southwest corrrgr of Drew Plantation, very 

near these corners, into Kingman, where it finds a last 
resting-place in the Mattavvamkeag. One of tlie smaller 
affluents of the Mattagondus, which enters the stream in 
Prentiss, shortly below the mouth of the Spruce Brook 
on the other side, heads in the southeast part of Web- 
ster, and runs east and southeast about two miles to the 
Prentiss line. Still further in the southeast angle of the 
• town is a brief reach of one headwater of the Mattakeunk 
Stream, which flows south and southwest to a union with 
another branch in Springfield. The East Branch of this 
stream flows past the southwest corner of the Planta- 
tion, just where it corners with Springfield, Lee, and 
Winn. 

In the west centre of the town rises Gordon's Brook, 
which flows in an irregular course east of north, and then 
northwest, four or five miles in all, to an exit a little be- 
low the northwest corner of the Plantation, whence it 
passes across a corner of Winn and joins the Mattawam- 
keag near the north line of that town. 

Webster Plantation has had a comparatively rapid 
growth. It had only 9 polls in 1S70, and 28 inhabitants, 
which had multiplied more than four hundred per cent., 
or to II 8, by 18S0. It has no post-ofhce as yet, but de- 
pends mainly upon the Kingman and Springfield offices. 
Part of the people are upon a branch of the road be- 
tween these two places, which passes through the south- 
east corner of Webster, then nearly the entire length of 
Prentiss, and then for about a mile across the northeast 
angle of Webster, and into Kingman to the post-office 
and the railroad. A few of the Plantation settlers are 
upon this highway ; but more upon the aforesaid branch, 
which leaves the main road about a inile below the south 
line of Webster, and runs northwest to the line about a 
mile and a half from the southeast corner, and a little 
further dividing into two branches or "plug" roads, one 
of which goes about a mile to the northward and ends, 
and the other northwest and west, nearly parallel with the 
south line and about half a mile from it, for about t\TO 
and a half miles, when it also ends. The road in Pren- 
tiss, up the north bank of the Mattagondus, also runs for 
a little way into the interior of Webster, as likewise a 
short branch from it half a mile below. 

Webster was settled about 1843, the first immigrants 
being James Austin and S. W. Leighton. It was organized 
as a Plantation thirteen years afterwards, September, 
1856, and named from the principal proprietor of the 
township. It is the oldest of the present organized 
plantations of the county, except Woodville, though 
it ranks Drew Plantation in seniority by but one week. 

Farming and lumbering are the chief occupations of 
the Webster people. It had, as before noted, a popula- 
tion of 28 in 1870, and 118 in 1880. In 1878 its peo- 
ple were reported as numbering 117. Polls in 1870, 9; 
in 1880, 20. Estates in the same years, respectively, 
$24,727 and $36,129. 

The Plantation ofticers in 1881 were: 

A. A. Patch, Joseph Cole, William H. Stinson, Asses- 
sors; A. S. Leighton (Kingman post-ofifice), Clerk; A. A. 
Patch, Treasurer; H. P. Crockett, Constable and Collec- 



tor; H. P. Crockett (Kingman post-office), Samuel 
Tucker, H. L. Tucker, School Committee. 

A. S. Leighton, of Webster Plantation, was born in 
this town. He was a son of Stillman W. Leighton, who 
came to Springfield from Cherryfield in 1839. Stillman 
Leighton married Theresa Walter, of Burke, Vermont. 
They came from Prentiss to this town in 1S45. They 
have had ten children, eight of whom are living -Mary, 
now Mrs. Mary Cooper, of Prentiss; Alfred S., of this 
town; Luther W., of Minnesota; Samantha, now Mrs. 
Crockett, of Webster Plantation; Henry P., in Massa- 
chusetts; Rose, in Massachusetts; Lillian I., at home, 
and Leon A. Mr. and Mrs. Leighton are both living. 
Mr. Leighton has for many years been one of the prom- 
inent men of the Plantation, holding most or all 
of its leading offices. A. S. Leighton, the oldest son of 
this family, was born December 9, 1847. His principal 
business has been farming, though he has been engaged 
in lumbering and bark business. He lives with his father 
on the old homestead. They have a fine farm of three 
hundred and twenty-five acres, with one of the best sets 
of farm buildings in town. This farm Mr. Leighton has 
cleared entirely from the standing timber. 

A. A. Patch, of Webster Plantation, is a son of Daniel 
Patch, of Morrill, Maine. Daniel and Lucinda Patch 
had five children, of whom four are living — Alma, wife 
of William Kelsey, of Bristol; Alva A.; Adner, of Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts; and Alice. Alva A., the oldest 
son of this family, was born January 25, 1856, in Knox, 
Maine. In 1872 he went to Worcester, Massachusetts, 
and engaged in teaming for seven yeajs, or until 1879, 
when he came here to Webster Plantation and bought 
the farm where he now lives. He married Lena Slater, 
daughter of J. G. Slater, of Webster Plantation. Daniel 
Patch died in 1874, and Mrs. Patch in 1863. Mr. Patch 
now holds the office of First Assessor and Treasurer. 
He has a good farm of 425 acres. 



WOODVILLE PLANTATION. 

This tract, which is as yet a plantation, although it will 
probably be a flourishing towji by and by, is straight up 
the valley of the Penobscot, on the same side as Bangor 
and distant from the city forty miles. It has itself a 
pretty large territory, and is surrounded by large tracts. 
It is bounded on the north by Medway, on the northeast 
and for a little way on the southeast by the Penobscot, 
beyond which is Mattawanikeag; on the south by Ches- 
ter; and on the west by the large Township No. 2, in 
the Eighth Range. It was itself formerly Indian Town- 
ship No. 2. Molunkus town, in Aroostook county, cor- 
ners with it on the northeast. 

The Penobscot River has a flow of nearly seven miles, 
in a gentle curve, along the east front of Woodville. 
About midway of this course are the Boom Islands, on 
the Mattawamkeag side; and just below the southeast 
corner is the small island mentioned in our accounts of 
Winn and Chester. The greatest width of the town is 
from the Boom Islands straight west to the town line — a 



512 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



little less than seven miles. By the curve of the river 
both tlie north and south lines are shorter, tlie north line 
considerably so. The west line is about six miles long. 

At tolerably regular intervals of two miles below the 
northeast corner of the Plantation, small tributaries, 
each rising in two branches, flow in from the west. 
Each has a saw-mill near its mouth. The Pattagumpus 
Stream (vaiiously mentioned upon the maps as the "Pat- 
tagembus" and the " Pattakumkis") rises near the mid- 
dle of the west line of the Plantation, and receiving 
several petty affluents at intervals, flows northwest about 
four miles into Medway and the Penobscot. In the 
northwest angle of Woodville heads a larger tributary, 
which flows in a large curve one and a half miles in the 
Plantation and then crosses into Medway, where it shortly 
joins the Pattagumpus. Just west of this, near the west 
line, are two small headwateis of the Madakeunk 
Stream, which unite a little before leaving the Plantation 
for Townshi[) No. 2, where the main source of this 
stream e.xists in the shape of a pretty large pond. An- 
other small tributary of the Medakeunk rises near the 
southwest corner of Woodville, and flows into the north- 
west angle of Chester. 

A little east of the heads of the Pattagumpus, in the 
northwest centre of the Plantation, is the source of the 
Ebhors Stream, which, it will be remembered, joins the 
Madakeunk in Chester about twenty miles before it 
reaches the Penobscot. This stream has a flow of four 
miles in Woodville, receiving a small affluent from each 
side about half a mile northeast of South Woodville post- 
office. At the south Plantation line it has another from 
north of west, and another from the same direction 
nearly a mile above. 

Woodville Plantation increased over fifty in population 
during the decade 1 8 70-80; and although its people are 
not so numerous as those of some plantations that have 
no post-office, they read and write so much, it seems, 
that they require and have two post-offices — North 
Woodville and South Woodville, respectively. The 
former is about two miles from the north line of the Plan- 
tation, and nearly three from the river. It was kept at 
Inst accounts by Mr. Calvin Stanwood. The Woodville 
office is about a mile from the south line of the Planta- 
tion, and one and a half miles from the west boundary. 
It is kept by a postmistress, Mrs. Caroline Read. Both 
of these are on the county road from Lincoln Centre to 
Medway, which completely intersects the Plantation from 
south to north, and is the only high road in it. It enters 
from Chester, a mile east of the southwest corner of the 
Plantation, and runs northeast and north about seven 
miles to a point on the north line about a mile west of 
the northeast corner, where it passes into Medway and 
up the southwest bank of the Penobscot. School No. i 
is on this road, a little below Woodville post-office; and 
School No. 3 a mile or more above North Woodville. 
From this a country road runs off easterly to some settle- 
ments; likewise one from above Woodville post-office 
northwest a little over a mile. All the settlements in the 
town are upon these, except a very few on the river, 
about the mills. 



ORGANIZATION.* 

This township has generally been known as "Indian 
Township No. 2," or West Indian," lying opposite "In- 
dian Township No. i," now Mattawamkeag. It was or- 
ganized into the Plantation of Woodville in 1854, some 
one of the family of Benjamin Stanwood giving it its 
name. 

THE SETTLEMENT 

of most of the towns on the Upper Penobscot, or in the 
vicinity of Mattawamkeag, was by men who came to work 
upon the Military Road from Lincoln to Houlton, be- 
tween 1830 and 1835. Charles Scott and James Dudley 
came from Machias, Maine, to the upper part of Wood- 
ville, in the vicinity of what has been long known as the 
Phineas Libby Place. This was in 1832. A.year after- 
wards Moses and Mark Scott made clearings and settle- 
ments in the vicinity. Previously, though but a vear or 
two, the Scotts had made settlements in Chester, which 
lay between the lower end of this township and the Pe- 
nobscot River. In most instances log huts were built 
in the little clearings of the pioneers, till, as prosperity 
dawned upon their efforts, they hewed out timbers from 
the plenteous pine found in their midst, and obtained 
boards to cover their mansions from Lincoln, the nearest 
mill, for a long time. 

In 1837 Clark Hanson made a falling of ten acres of 
trees on the place now occupied by James Pond, near the 
Chester line, near which Temple Ireland, in Chester, had 
made a settlement in 1832, the only and first clearing 
in that part of the town Mr. Hanson was a brother of 
Eli Hanson, formerly of Bangor, who keeps a hotel 
there. The mother of Mr. Hanson, Mrs. Esther Han- 
son, of Winn, turned her one hundredth year September 
12, 18S1. 

In 1833 Peleg Otis and William Mayberry came from 
Brewer and made clearings where now the George Glid- 
den and James Pond farms are. Mr. Otis was to have a 
State lot given him, if he would make a farm there. 

.Maanwhile, or within ten years, settlements increased 
in the upper part of the township, and especially down 
by the Penobscot River. 

James Dudley, 2d, and Roland and Charles Dudley 
made some slight clearings, all of which have since been 
abandoned. These were in the 'vicinity of Madakeunk 
Rips, in the Penobscot River. 

James Dudley, 2d, built a mill on Eagle Stream, close 
by the banks of the Penobscot River. This stream 
empties into the Penobscot a short distance above the 
mouth of the Medakeunk Stream. 

This was about 1840. In 1842 Benjamin Stanwood 
came from Eden, Maine, and settled near the Libby 
place. His son Calvin now resides there. 

John ^Vhite and Simon Hanson, about 1840, made 
farms where no* John E. Faloon and Donald Smith 
have the best farms in town, on a high point of land 
back of the Eagle Stream, above spoken of 

INDUSTRIES. 

The northwestern side of the township is drained by 

*Ntfarly the whole remainder of this sketch is by B. F. Fernald, Esq., 
of Winn. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



513 



the Pattagumpas Stream, which empties into the Penob- 
scot just north of Woodville, in Medway, that part of it 
forming "Tract three." This gives an opportunity for 
lumbering in that part of Woodville and Township No. 
2, lying west of Woodville. Through the central and 
southwestern part of the township runs the Ebhors 
Stream emptying into the Madunkeunk stream. 

On the streams of this town there is considerable 
meadow hay cut, particularly near the town of Winn. 

THE PIONEER SCHOOLS. 

Margaret Crocker was the pioneer to instill into the 
minds of Woodvillians the rudiments of education. 
There are now three school districts in the Plantation. 

MODERN TIMES. 

With the exception of some half a dozen farms, the 
settlements in Woodville are made on the county road 
running to Medway, all the rest being an almost un- 
broken wilderness. During the summer of r88i a road 
was laid out by County Commissioners, running from 
nearly, opposite Winn village in Chester, to the county 
road, which will greatly develop this section. 

About the year 1875 an act of incorporation was jiassed 
to make Woodville a town by that name, but it was not 
accepted by the people. 

.\ L.\RGE OWNER. 

A few years ago Messrs. H. Poor & Son, of Boston, own- 
ers of the tannery at Winn, bought a large part of the 
wild land in Woodville, but gradually sold it off; and a 
large tract of some five thousand acres was sold in Oc- 
tober, 1 88 1, at Bangor. 

ST.\TISTICS. 

Woodville Plantation had 230 people in i860, 170 in 
1870, and 223 in 1880. 

The voters of Woodville numbered 32 in 1870, and 50 
in 1880. 

The estates in these years were valued at $30,196 and 
$3'.937- 

■ THE PUBLIC OFFCERS 

in the Plantation in 1S81 were as follow: Woodville, 
Mrs. Caroline Read; North Woodville, Calvin Stanwood, 
Postmasters; Charles Rush, Joel F. Kimball, Benjamin 
F. Read, Assessors; Joel F. Kimball, Clerk; Joel F. 
Kimball, Treasurer ; Charles Rush, Constable and Col- 
lector; Thomas Scammon, Calvin Stanwood, Joel F. 
Kimball, School Committee. 

A BIOGR.^PHV. 

George Glidden, who came to Woodville in 1836, is a 
son of .Arnold and Hannah Glidden, who came from 



Pittston, Kennebec county. They had eight children- 
Mercy, Nancy, Polly, Betsey E., Hannah, and Charles, 
all of whom are deceased ; and those living are Susan, 
now Mrs. Robert Betham, of Enfield, and George, the 
subject of this sketch. Mr. Glidden came here after 
George made the settlement where he now lives, and 
spent the remainder of his days here. He was a soldier 
in the Revolutionary war. He died about 1850; and 
Mrs. Glidden about i860. George Glidden was born 
May 8, 1806, in the town of Pittston, Maine. He mar- 
ried for his first wife Miss Mary Betham, by whom he 
had four children — Harriet, deceased wife of James Sib- 
ley ; Augustus, deceased in the army; James, now in 
Aroostook county; and Jeremiah, of Woodville. Mrs. 
Glidden died in 1835. Mr. Glidden married for his 
second wife Mrs. Ruth Button, who died in 1878. Mr. 
Glidden cleared up the farm where he now lives. He 
has cleared one hundred acres, and owns seventy of it 
now. He has been engaged in lumbering quite exten- 
sively, in connection with his family. 

WEST INDIAN. 

This settlement, so called to distinguish it from the 
other, known as East Indian, both being situated upon 
townships belonging formerly to the Penobscot Indian 
reservation, is another of the sparsely settled plantations 
erected in 1875, but whose organization has not been 
maintained. The name totally disappears from the cen- 
sus returns of 1880, but in 1870 the tract had thirteen 
inhabitants. It was first settled about 1820. It is 
situated west of Medway. 

WHITNEY RIDGE. 

This settlement, whose name will be found upon the 
census returns, is in a strip of Township No. 3, in the 
Eighth Range of the Waldo Patent, just north of Max- 
field. It was settled in 1836, and organized as a 
Plantation in the same year when Pattagumpus and 
West Indian were similarly organized; but in this tract, 
as in the others named, the organization is not main- 
tained. 

Whitney Ridge had a population of 18 in 1870. 

"settlements." 
Under this head the inhabitants of the unorganized 
townships in the county have been enumerated as a 
group in the census returns of the last three decades. 
They had in all 1,074 people in 1850, 1,287 'f 1870, 
and 170 in 1880. The small number reported the last 
year is doubtless due to a more detailed enumeration 
in the several divisions of the county then had been cus- 
tomary. 



I. T. Crosby, 
a. Heirs of S. Cros- 
by. 

3. Theo. Trafton. 

4. Peter Burgess. 

5. B. Emerson. 

6. Thos. & Charles 

Low. 

7. Wm. Hammond. 

8. Jacob Dennett. 

9. John Dennett. 

10. Heirs of J. Dun- 

ning. 

11. R. Lapish et al. 

12. John Haynes. 

13. Wm. Boyd. 

14. Heirs of J. Kel- 

sea. 



S. Noble, 
(first minister.) 
16. Thos. Howard. 
R. Treat. 
R. HitchbuTO. 
D. Webster. 
R. Treat. 

21. R. Treat. 

22. J. Drumraond. 

23. Abraham Allen. 

24. Ewins & Haines. 

R. Treat. 

R. Treat. 

R. Treat. 

R. Treat. 

29. Jona. Lowder. 

30. A. McPhetres. 

31. R. Treat. 



IS 



17- 



19. 



25- 

26. 
27, 
28, 



32. R. Treat. 

33. R. Treat. 

34. R. Treat. 

35. D. Emerson. 

36. R. Treat. 

37. Joseph Mansell. 

38. T. Crosby. 

39. R. Treat. 

40. R. Treat. 

41. R. Webster. 

42. John Crosby. 

43. Godfrey & Web- 

ster. 

44. S. Greenleaf et al. 

45. S.Greenleaf eial. 

46. J. Gardner. 

47. A. Griffin. 

48. Wm. Davis. 



Wm. Davis. 
Wm. Hasey. 
Wm. Hasey. 
R. Lapish et al. 
R. Lapish et al. 
S. Sherburne. 
Wm. Lancaster. 
A. Clark. 
G. Fullman. 
R. Lapish et al. 
S. Potter. 
R. Lapish et al. 

61. Joseph Potter. 

62. R. Lapish et al. 

63. W. Hammond. 

64. R. Lapish et al. 

65. R. Lapish et al 

66. W. Potter el al. 



67. John Smart. 

68. N. Harlow. 

69. Wm. Hasey. 

70. W. Hammond. 

71. lieirs of James 

Dunning. 

72. D. Campbell. 

73. D. Campbell. 

74. W. Hammond. 

75. W. Hammond. 

76. W. Hammond. 

77. W. Hammond. 

78. A. Patten. 

79. R. Lapish et aL 

80. R. Lapish et al. 

81. Heirsof J.Kelsea 

82. Heirs of James 

Boyd. 



83. Heirs of T.How- 
ard. 

84. John Haynes. 

85. R. Lapish et al. 

86. R. Lapish et al. 

87. R. Lapish et al. 

88. Benj. Bussey, 

89. R. Lapish. 

90. Wm. Boyd. 

91. D. Webster. 

92. Jona. Morse. 

93. P. Campbell. 

94. P. Campbell. 

95. J. Drummond. 

96. I3avid Neal. 

97. John Harlow. 

98. 1. Drummond. 

99. W. Forbes. 



100. Jos. Treat, 
loi. Heirs of M. 

Laughlin. 
I02. Hatch, Patt 

el al. 
toi. B. Emerson 

104. R. Treat. 

105. J. Lowder. 

106. W. HamnK , 

107. A. Hathom 

108. D. Hathoni 

109. S. Hathom. 
no. Jos. Treat. 

111. Patten etal 

112. Benj. Low. 

113. J. Hutchinj 

114. T. &C. Lo 




i 



->®Airs0 



Scale 400 rods to i inch. 



Copied from Park Holland's Plan in the Office 

of the Register of Deeds, Penobscot County, Maine, 

being his return of the Survey of Settlers' lots who 

settled in said town previous to February 23, lygS. 

Survey and Plan made rSoi. 

IV. Coombs, C. E. 



History of Penobscot County, 



THE ANNALS OF BANGOR. 



1769-1882 



[from chapters i. TO XXX., INCLUSIVE, BV HON. )OHN E. GODFREY, OF BANGOR.] 



BANGOR. 



CHAPTER I. 

Evidences of Early French Occupancy of Penobscot — Progress of 
English Settlements up the Penobscot River — Settlement of Bangor 
in 1769 — Jacob Russell the First Settler — Settlers of 1770, 1771, 
1772. 1773, and 1774 — First Religious Meetings — First Missionaries — 
Rev. Daniel Little — First Doctor — The Penobscot Indians — Their 
Course in the Revolutionary War — First Frame House in Bangor — 
Truck House — The Truck Master — Jedediah Preble. 

1769 to 1776. Although the French were up and 
down the Penobscot River during a century and a half 
before the conquest of Canada (in 1759), and erected 
dwellings at various points on its banks, yet no dwellings 
were found standing when the English came into the 
region. Tracts of land had been cleared, and cellars of 
houses remained, but no other evidences of the occu- 
pancy of the country by civilized man were in existence. 

Until after the erection of Fort Pownall, in 1759, there 
were no traces of English settlements above Wassum- 
keag (Fort Point). The southern part of Orphan Island 
(now Verona) was settled in 1763, and Colonel Jonathan 
Buck was the first settler in Bucksport, in 1794. 

The progress of settlement up the river was slow. It 
did not reach Bangor until 1769. There was some un- 
certainty in regard to the disposition of the Indians ; 
but Jacob Buswell* or Bussell, a poor man, sometimes 
fisher, boat-builder, and cooper, ventured to erect and 
occupy a log cabin upon the high land east of the Ken- 
duskeag and overlooking the river, just below the rocksf 
of Champlain. It was a beautiful spot near the intersection 
of what are now York and Boyd streets, and not far from 
the rear of St. John's (Roman Catholic) church. Near 
it was a fine spring, which has disappeared beneath the 
improvements of later years. The view down the river — 
then unobstructed — was three or four miles in e.xtent, 
and very beautiful. The selection of the site showed 
taste in Mr. Bussell or some members of his family. 
But he was a squatter. He had a wife and nine chil- 
dren. He might have been a private soldier with habits 

*The following petition is in the Massachusetts .Archives. Vol. 78, 
page 550 : 

I To His Excellancy, Thomas Pownall, Esq., 
. Province of the | Captain-General & Governor in Chief and over 
Massachusetts ,-said Province, to ye Hon'ble His Majesty's 
Bay. I Council & House of Representatives in tien'l 

) Court, assembled June ye lothe, V59. 
Humbly Shews — John Buswell, of Salisbury, that his son Jacob Buswell was 
a soldier in ye Canada Expedition in 1758, under Capt. William Osgood, and he 
was taken sick on ye Rode Coming home and lay sick six weeks after he got 
Home and your petitioner was put to great charge for Nursing and Doctor's 
bill and other necessarys agreeable to account herewith annexed. Wherefore 
your petitioner Humbly prays your Excellency and Honors that he may be 
allowed as is usual in like cases; and your Humble Petitioner in Duty bound 
will ever pray. 

JOHN BUSWELL. 
The Committee reported /^2 o o in full. 

tLarge ledges in the Penobscot River off the foot of Newbury street, 
now covered by Roberts's wharf. 



not unexceptionable, and in poor health. If so, there was 
good reason for his seeking a region where he could ob- 
tain land and feed for nothing, where he would not be 
likely to be found by the tax collector and deputy sheriff, 
and where game and fish were abundant at his hand. 
For such advantages such a man could afford to risk the 
questionable disposition of savage neighbors. 

But Mr. Jacob Bussell was not long a solitary squatter 
in that region. His son Stephen, who had just married 
Lucy Grant, came with Caleb Goodwin and his wife and 
eight children, from Castine in the spring of 1770, and 
put up their log huts a little southerly of that of the first 
settler. 

It was soon learned abroad that there were attractions 
at this point, and the Bussells and Goodwins were not 
long permitted to enjoy them alone. The illusion of 
savage unfriendliness being dispelled, men who had their 
fortunes to make were disposed to avail themselves of 
the resources of this virgin country. 

In 1771-72 Thomas Howard, Jacob Dennet, Simon 
Crosby, Thomas, John and Hugh Smart — brothers — 
Andrew Webster, Joseph Rose, David Rowell, Solomon 
and Silas Harthorn, and Joseph Mansel, established 
themselves within the precincts of what is now Bangor, 
though at some distance from the first comers. 

Mr. Howard first built and occupied a cabin near the 
river, but afterward built a house on the northerly side 
of State street, about a mile from the Kenduskeag Stream, 
where Miss Hannah F. Howard, one of his descendants, 
now lives. Dennet took the lot where the Central Rail- 
road station is; Rose, a lot near Treat's Falls; Rowell, a 
lot further up the river; (some of his descendants are now 
in Eddington and Bradley); the Smarts took lots, severally, 
near the First Parish meeting-house and Morse's Hill. An- 
drew Webster built his cabin on the easterly side of Main 
street, at its intersection with Water street. Nearly all 
these came from Woolwich and Brunswick and neigh- 
borhood, in this State. The Harthorns were from Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts, and built the first framed house 
not far from Mt. Hope. It stood between the road and 
the river a short distance below the Penjejawock Stream. 
Some of the family descendants are now in that neigh- 
borhood. Solomon died at Sunkhaze (now in Milford). 
They both had large families. 

Joseph Mansel came from Bagaduce (Castine) to Ban- 
gor in 1 77 I. He built a saw-mill for the Harthorns on 
the easterly side of the Penjejawock'* Stream a little 
beyond where the railroad bridge now is, and assisted in 
building a dam and bridge on that stream above, where, 
subsequently, was the county road. About fifteen years 
•Pronounced Penja-ja\v-« ock. 



5^8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



afterwards he built a grist-mill near the same place, 
which was the first grist-mill in the Plantation. Before 
this the people were obliged to carry their corn by water 
to be ground, to a grist-mill a little way above Fort Point, 
until Benjamin Wheeler built his grist-mill in Hampden, 
on the Sowadabscock Stream, in 1776, when they carried 
it there, and afterwards to Brewer's mill on the Segeun- 
deunk, until this mill was built. 

Robert Treat, who was born in Boston in 1752, left 
there in 1769, when he was seventeen years of age, and 
came to Fort Pownall, where he was an armorer. He 
came to Bangor in 1774, when twenty-two years old, and 
built his cabin near the foot of Newbury street. He 
shortly afterward removed further up the river, and 
opened a shop for traffic a little southerly of the Penje- 
jawock Stream. 

Dr. John Herbert came from the West in 1774. He 
had had trouble with his wife. He took lodgings at Mr. 
David Howard's, and was here until 1779, when his son 
came and took him home, where he soon afterward died. 
He was bowed down with melancholy, but was highly 
esteemed. He was a Calvinist, and took the lead in re- 
ligious meetings, which were generally held every Sun- 
day. He was learned and a good physician, though not 
regularly educated to that profession. He taught school 
in a house southerly of Penjejawock Stream, and was 
probably the first male teacher in the place. He was a 
fine teacher and elegant penman. Many debts were due 
him when he left, which were never called for or paid. 

The first school in the settlement was taught by Abi- 
gail Ford. It was commenced in 1773, in a log house 
just under the Hickbon hill, near Treat's Falls, and a few 
rods from the river. 

In 1772 Mr. Cotton came and settled near the wester- 
ly end of the bridge now over the Penobscot, but did not 
survive the year. His was the first death. 

The first trading-house was opened about this time 
near the mouth of the Kenduskeag by Thomas Gold- 
thwait, son of the commander of Fort Pownall. He was 
a Tory, and disappeared when the Revolutionary war 
commenced. 

The first two births of white children occurred this 
year. Mary Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, was 
born June 30, 1772. She married Andrew Mayhew and 
was the mother of our late fellow-citizen, Captain John 
A. Mayhew. 

Hannah Harthorn, daughter of Silas Harthorn, was 
born September lo. She had three husbands — first, An- 
drew McLaughlin; second, Samuel Babbige, and third, 
Captain Joseph Mansell. Mansell was at the first wed- 
ding in Bangor, of a daughter of Jacob Bussell. 

James Dunning came from Brunswick in 1772 or '73, 
and took the lot on the westerly side of the Kenduskeag, 
at its confluence with the Penobscot. He first built on 
the low land a few rods south of the Kenduskeag bridge. 
He afterward built a one-story frame house on High 
street, easterly of the angle, and where Mr. Burpee's 
house (built by Oliver Frost) now stands. Some of his 
descendants are among the principal citizens of Bangor 
and Charleston, in this county. 



Simon Crosby, who established himself near the Hamp- 
den line, was from Woolwich, and the maiden name 
of his wife was Sarah Sewall, who was from Bath, and 
was of the distinguished Sewall family. His dwelling 
was about a mile southerly of the Kenduskeag Stream, 
and upon his lot are now several fine residences of his 
descendants of the third, fourth, and fifth generations. 
He was the father of General John Crosby, a former 
enterprising merchant of Hampden, and grandfather of 
our late fellow-citizens James and Timothy Crosby, and 
of Jotham S. Crosby, who is still living; of the late Major 
John Crosby, of Hampden, and of Deacon Benjamin 
Crosby, recently deceased. The family has ever been 
highly prosperous and respected. 

Mrs. Crosby was a religious woman and much beloved. 
There were other women of similar religious sentiments 
within four or five miles of her in every direction, and 
they agreed to hold private meetings for prayer by them- 
selves, whenever circumstances would permit. The ar- 
rangement was observed with much fidelity, and was the 
origin of all strictly female prayer-meetings that have 
been held in the towns in which those ladies resided. 
These meetings were held by them together, probably 
until 1 7S7, after which it was more convenient for the 
ladies in the several towns to have separate meetings.* 

Before 1774 there had been several religious meetings 
in the settlement. They were held in the cabins of the 
settlers, and in barns when the weather was favorable. A 
Calvinist preacher by the name of Ripley is the first of I 
whom mention is made. 

On September 18, 1784, Rev. Daniel Little, of Kenne- 1 
bunk, was at Captain Smart's, at Condeskeag. It being 
Sunday he preached and baptized six children. He noticed ] 
that "the people on the river were very dissimilar in their 
education and outward circumstances. Some of good 
life, sense, and known virtue; some quite the reverse." 
One Canadian Indian attended his meeting. 

The ne.xt morning Mr. Little, with Captain Smart, went 
to Captain Preble's — who was then truckmaster for the 
Indian trade, at the head of the tide, or falls — for the 
purpose of seeing the Indians. None were there, 
however; but in the afternoon, with Captain Jonathan 
Lowder for a pilot, he walked up on the western side of 
the river about two miles, when he saw an encampment 
of Indians on the eastern side. Calling for a pass, Pierre 
Sock, a young Indian, came and took them across in a 
birch canoe. He found about twenty Indians, young 
and old, and nearly half of them were so drunk as to be 
incapable of seeing, hearing, speaking, or moving — 
"dead drunk." Of the rest, about seven were Canadians, 
and the others "the dregs or remains of the old Penob- 
scot tribe." They were smoking, laughing, or frowning, 
strutting, or jumping. He found that they were not in 
a condition to receive instruction from him and soon left 
them. 

But he took much interest in Pierre Sock, who was a 
Canadian Indian, about nineteen years of age. He 
visited Mr. Little at the truck-house in the evening after 
his return, dressed partly in French habit. He conversed 

* Jacob McGaw's Journal. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



519 



in French, and, as Mr. Little had an interpreter with him I 
belonging to the truckmaster, he passed a very agreeable 
evening. He had come from Trois Rivieres about six 
weeks before, with his parents. His grandmother was 
probably English. His mother had English features, 
but it was questionable whether she were altogether Eng- 
lish. "She was delivered of a child the other night 
abroad in the rain, and well the next day m the truck- 
house — which is Indian by art, if not by nature." Pierre 
said he would go away with Mr. Little, if his parents 
were willing. He said that he had been half the time 
with the French and half the time with the Indians ; 
that he was baptized when six years old; that he went to 
the priest for the pardon of his sins; that he should have 
them all pardoned after he had been once, twice, six 
times, and honestly told him all that he knew of his bad 
words, actions, and thoughts; but when sick, or a great 
way from the priest, he believed he was in no danger, 
and was not afraid of his sin, for he prayed to God every 
night and morning. Neither Mr. Little nor Pierre could 
influence his parents to permit their son to leave them. 
When they walked together in the bushes his parents 
would halloo, lest he should be stolen, and Pierre would 
say, "Can't go against parents." "Will you come and 
live with me when you are free?" "Never free with us 
Indians — never free until we are married." 

.\fter paying tribute to the innocence and integrity of 
Pierre, who possessed more than all ihe rest, Mr. Little 
exclaims: "O, Penobscot! into what a sink of filth, 
folly, and beastly nastiness and intemperance have thy 
original warlike inhabitants fallen! Oh! my soul pities 
all those who are never likely to be brought by any 
means to know the pleasures of men and wise men. 
May these remains be treated justly and temperately by 
all the English that now dwell on their borders. Took 
my leave of Pierre Sock and his parents and some of 
the dreadful, ugly, yet to be pitied Penobscot tribe."* 

The Indians were uncomfortable neighbors. They 
were poor and degraded, as Mr. Little says, but the set- 
tlers pitied them, as he did, and endured them. In 177 1 
one named Nunguenat, of a churlish and violent dispos- 
ition, on returning from hunting, fell upon his wife, a 
weak and complaining woman, who was groaning, and 
exclaimed "always yawl," and with great fury killed her. 
He concealed her body under the ice near "the Point." 
It was afterwards found and buried. It was not under- 
stood that his pegple proceeded against him for murder. 
But before the British were at Castine, there was another 
Indian about the country whose hand had been burnt off 
for murdering his squaw. 

Before the Revolutionary war the Indians threatened 
to drive the settlers out, but after hostilities were com- 
menced they professed great friendship for the Americans. 
For years after the first settlement, in the day-time and 
in the night-time, they burst in the doors of the cabins 
and went in to warm themselves. If the people of the 
house were before the fire, they would make them remove 
that they might make themselves comfortable, and some- 
times would stretch themselves upon the floor with their 

*Mr. Little's Journal of 1774. 



feet towards the fire. If any food was in sight they ap- 
propriated it, but stole nothing else. 

One morning an Indian visited the house of Mrs. 
Howard and employed her to prepare a breakfast for 
him. She did so, and placed it upon a barrel in the cor- 
ner of the room. The moment it was ready another 
Indian rushed in, and, seeing the first, there was a strug- 
gle, and both fell upon the floor. The assailant turned 
the other upon his face, and, kneeling upon his shoulders, 
seized his lock of hair with both hands and twisted his 
neck and head with such violence that he came near dis- 
locating it. In the midst of this contest a third Indian 
came in, and, seeing the breakfast, commenced devouring 
it, when Mrs. Howard told him to whom it belonged. 
"Ay," said he, "very good fight," and having coolly dis- 
posed of it, went his way, leaving its owner in a very 
melancholy frame of mind. 

To keep themselves from starvation and from suffering 
by cold were the chief objects of these people. They 
were always hungry. When first visited by Champlain 
they clothed themselves in the skins of wild beasts. 
They then gradually adopted the coarse blankets of civil- 
ization, and the material and fashion of their apparel have 
been gradually modified, until within a few years it is 
similar to that of their American neighbors. They were 
esteemed chaste, and no Indian was known to ofifer vi- 
olence to a female. They were very expert in hunting 
and fishing. The young men were very fond of playing 
at ball. The men had their hair cut short, with the ex- 
ception of a lock around the crown of the head. They 
slept upon bear-skins and covered themselves with blan- 
kets. Before Europeans visited the country, the notice 
of the engagement of a female to be married was given 
by her wearing one blue stocking and one red one. At 
one time, on Saturdays, they had a kind of religious 
meeting, with prayers and singing. 

Some of the Indians lived to a great age. Tomer died 
before the Revolutionary war, at the age of one hundred 
and ten. Osson, who held a commission of Justice of 
the Peace, lived to be a hundred years old, and Orono 
was about one hundred and ten when he died. Orono 
was a principal chief — in the Indian language K'tche sun- 
i^iir-mtir. The next in rank was called Sungur-mur, from 
which sagamore; from which sa-chem-o; from which 
sachem. The Indians did not use the word sachem. 
It was transmitted by the whites.* 

The men and women were fond of showy dresses and 
ornaments. Colonel John Allan states that when he was 
initiated into the St. John tribe, .\mbroise, the chief, was 
dressed in a blue Persian silk coat, embroidered crimson 
silk waistcoat four inches deep, and scarlet knit breeches; 
also gold-laced hat with white cockade. Another had 
blue silk trimmed with vellum, crimson breeches, and 
gold-laced hat. The other chiefs were richly dressed 
after their fashion — their blankets were curiously laced 
with ribbons. That day the men had a feast, and, as 
was the custom, a feast was provided for the squaws, after 
which there were dancing and festivities in the evening by 
the young men and women, who were dressed elegantly 
•Williamson's Annals of Bangor. 



520 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



after their fashion, and adorned with bracelets, large 
brooches, and hair-boxes of silver curiously engraved 
with the figures of divers kinds of animals, flowers, etc.* 

On the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, the 
Provincial Congress made earnest efforts to secure the 
Eastern Indians in the American interest. On May 15, 
1775, they wrote a letter to them from Watertown, Mas- 
sachusetts, setting forth that the Ministry of Oreat Brit- 
ain had laid deep plots to take away the liberties of the 
people of this country, Americans and Indians, and to 
make them pay them all their money when they never 
earned it; to make them their servants; to let them have 
nothing to eat or drink or wear except what they pleased ; 
to prevent their having guns and powder to kill deer, wolves 
and other game : to break up the trade in skins and furs; 
and that Captain Goldthwait had given up Fort Pownall 
to their enemies, at which both Americans and Indians 
were angry, and expressing the hope that neither they nor 
the Indians in Canada would join their enemies, and 
that they should be able soon to supply them with guns 
and powder of their own makmg, and promising also to 
supply them with clothing and warlike stores as fast as 
they could. They sent Captain John Lane to raise a 
company among them to join in the war, and promised 
to give each one who enlisted a blanket and a ribbon, as 
they had the Indians of Stockbridge, and to pay them 
while they were from home in the service. 

The Penobscot Indians were pleased with the proposi- 
tions, and made generous offers of friendship and assist- 
ance in the war, and made Captain Lane their agent to 
look after their interests. Whereupon the Provincial 
Congress, on June 21, 1775, sent them a letter, in which 
they thanked them for their offers, and strictly for- 
bade "any person or persons whatsoever from trespassing 
or making waste upon any of the lands and territories or 
possessions beginning at the head of the tide on Penob- 
scot River, extending six miles on each side of said river 
now claimed by the Indians of the Penobscot tribe." 
They promised, "as soon as they could take breath from 
their present fight, to furnish them with a proper commis- 
sary to supply them with provisions, ammunition, and 
goods at a reasonable rate, and to take effectual measures 
to prevent dishonest persons from carrying on a fraudu- 
lent traffic with them." They also accepted Captain 
Lane as their agent, whom they authorized to report to 
them any molestation of or depredation on the tribe, that 
they might have seasonable and effectual redress. 

Colonel Thomas Goldthwait had permitted Mowatt to 
dismantle Fort Pownall in April. It was considered a 
treasonable act by the people, and as the truck trade — 
which was important to the Indians, as they could obtain 
their goods of the Government agents without paying the 
prices they were obliged to pay to outsiders, and pay for 
them in skins and furs — was stopped by it, the Indians 
were incensed against him. It was contemplated by peo- 
ple in the neighborhood to arrest him.t Mr. Elihu 
Hewes, who was then at Hampden, thought that, "on a 
fair and impartial examination, it would appear that Col- 

* Kidder's Eastern Maine, 98-9. 
+Enoch Freeman's Letter, Massachusetts Archives, May, 1775. 



onel Goldthwait had been a steady, uniform friend to 
our Constitution." General Jedediah Preble wrote to 
Hon. Joseph Warren, President of the Continental Con- 
gress, from Falmouth, June 15, that he had no doubt 
that Goldthwait would make interest to have provision 
made for subsistence of the garrison at Penobscot, but 
was "such a man fit to command such a fortification as 
Fort Pownall, who would suffer two schooners to rob it 
of guns and ammunition?" 

The General, in the same letter, said it would be the 
height of imprudence to neglect the supplying the truck 
trade, and urged Mr. Warren to use his influence that his 
son, Jedediah, Jr., be continued truckmaster, as he had 
been at great expense to provide himself with a habita- 
tion and other necessaries for carrying on the Indian 
trade. , 

In June, 1775, Captain Lane vrent to Boston with 
Orono, Jo Peare, Poris, and another chief, and Andrew 
Gilman as interpreter, to meet .the Provincial Congress. 
They called on General Preble, at Falmouth, and were 
provided with carriages to convey them, and with money, 
given to Captain Lane, to pay their expenses. General 
Preble said : "Orono, the chief man, seems to be sensi- 
ble, and hearty in our cause. He reserves what he chief- 
ly has to say till he comes to the Congress." It was be- 
lieved at Penobscot that he was of white parentage and 
stolen by the Indians when a child. The residents es- 
teemed him as honest, kind-hearted, and intelligent. 
Gilman is represented as inferior in mind and stature, but 
was possessed of some vivacity and cunning. He dressed 
in the Indian costume, hunted and traded with the In- 
dians, and spoke their language as well as a native. He 
was never married, but had a son by a native. He orig- 
inated in York county.* 

The visit of Orono to Boston produced good results. 
The Provincial Congress, on June 24, recommended to 
"our good brethren, the Indians of the Penobscot tribe, 
to immediately apply to General Preble and Colonel 
Freeman for a supply of provisions and all the necessary 
goods," and, on July 9, it empowered those gentlemen to 
supply them, at the truck-house at Penobscot, with 
goods not exceeding ;^3oo m value, and to receive furs 
and skins in exchange. On July 10 the Committee on 
Supplies were directed to deliver to Captain Lane twen- 
ty-five pounds of powder for the Indians. 

The arrangement made by the Provincial Congress 
with the Penobscots had a favorable .effect upon the 
Maracheet, or St. John Indians. Their chiefs, Ambroise 
and Pierre Toma, appeared at the truck-house of Mr. 
Preble, and availed themselves of the services of Jona- 
than Lowder, a recent gunner at Fort Pownall, in com- 
municating with the council. Captain Thomas Fletcher 
and Lieutenant Andrew Gilman were present as inter- 
preters. On the r2th of September, 1775, they directed 
to the Congress a letter, in which they said that they had 
learned that the Americans were engaged in a war with 
Great Britain, and that the Penobscot tribe had 
engaged to join them — that they heartily joined with that 
tribe in every arrangement they had made or should 

* 'Williamson's History of Maine, II., 426; Bangor Centennial, 38. 



4 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



52' 



make with tlie Massachusetts Colony, and were re- 
solved to stand together and oppose the people of " Old 
England " in their endeavors to deprive them of their 
lands and liberties — that tlie Americans and Indians we're 
brothers of one father, " and one God made us all, and 
we will stand by you as long as the Almighty will give us 
strength " — that they had nowhere to look for assistance 
but to the Council, and desired that they would help 
them to a priest, that he might pray with them to God 
Almighty — that they had no place to go to but Penobscot 
for support, and that they desired the Council would 
provide ammunition, jsrovisions and goods for them there, 
and they would in return give them their furs and skins, 
and assistance.* 

An arrangement was made with the St. John and 
Passamaquoddy Indians, who, under Colonel John .•\llan, 
performed good service.! 

On October i6, 1775, the Provincial Congress sent a 
resolve with a letter to the St. John and Micmac In- 
dians, informing them that their truckmaster would sup- 
ply them with provisions, etc., in exchange for furs, and 
expressing a hope that they should have their assistance 
in the war against "the wicked people of Old England." 

Jedidiah Preble, Jr., who had been the truckmaster at 
Fort Pownall, was appointed to the same position at 
Penobscot Falls in 1774. Stephen Smith was appointed 
truckmaster at Machias, and supplied the St. John and 
Passamaquoddy Indians. 

Mr. Preble was not popular with the Indians. In a 
letter to Captain Lane, evidently written by Jonathan 
Lowder, dated November 22, 1775, they complained of 
him as truckmaster, and said that he delayed furnishing 
the supplies to those who came for them ; so they got 
drunk, and didn't carry them to the Indians when they 
had received them; that he laid in bed until 10 o'clock, 
and if they spoke to him to trade with them, he would 
go away and be gone for a whole day together ; that they 
wanted Jonathan Lowder for truckmaster: that they had 
chosen him, and the General Court confirmed their 
choice. On May 3, 1776, the letter was replied to. It 
was admitted to be a mistake that Preble was appointed 
instead of Lowder; and promise was given that Lieuten- 
ant Gilman would be with the Indians at Penobscot dur- 
ing the summer, and when the General Court was in 
session it would find such a truckmaster as would supply 
them with what they wanted..! 

The frame house built by the Harthorns in 1773-4, 
was doubtless the "habitation" referred toby his (Preble's) 
father. It was built for him, and he occupied it as a 
truck-house. It was a large one-story house, and stood 
on the river side of the road, nearly opposite the present 
residence of Mr. Charles Forbes, by whose father it was 
occupied for many years after 1800. 

There is a tradition that Preble had a daughter who, 
with her maid, made a clandestine arrangement with two 
young Tarratines to elope with them. He discovered it, 
however, in season to prevent the project being consum- 

•Kidder's Eastern Maine, 54-5. 
tMassachuseits .\rchives, v. 144, p. 322. 
^Massachusetts Archives, v. 144, p. 353. 



mated, and confined his romantic child until he had an 
opportunity to send her westward to his friends. 

Mr. Preble was born in York in 1 734. He was the 
General's oldest son. He married Avis Phillips, of Boston 
in 1 761-2. He possessed a very retentive meinory — 
repeated the whole of Whitfield's sermon concerning 
Abraham offering up Isaac, on hearing it once. He 
possessed talents and genius, "but sometimes indulged 
in language unbecoming a rational creature, " until the 
loss of property made him more patient. He dreamed 
that Whitfield, pointing to the text — "He that being 
often reproved," etc., — directed him to preach. He did 
not, however, but being a genius, made some attempts at 
poetry. One poem of five stanzas he dedicated to his 
son Jedidiah. The first stanza will give an idea of his 
ability as a votary of the mascs. 

' ' Jeddy, my first-bom, study to please. 
Then with thy days thy wisdom will increase. 
Ne'er to thy fond father be thou unkind, 
But cultivate a docile, gentle mind. 
Thy conduct , let it ever virtuous be, 
Warring against each sin most hopefully." 

Could he have been a Tory? Such was the belief at 
Penobscot, but this is doubted by his kindred of this 
day. In 1782 or 1783 he was in a vessel, bound from 
Castine for Passamaquoddy, which was wrecked on Seal 
Island about nine leagues from the coast. It was very 
dark when the vessel struck, and while he was engaged 
forward, the crew and passengers hurried ashore, leaving 
him alone. Upon discovering this, he attempted to 
land. There was a raging surf, and the vessel was 
thrown so violently against the rocks that, when he was 
going aft, the planks separated, and he stepped unwit- 
tingly between them, when they instantly closed and 
crushed and shattered his leg. When the vessel struck 
again, the seam re-opened, and he extricated himself and 
succeeded in getting ashore. Little could be done for 
his relief He lived upon water and a fowl called 
gannet, which his companions caught and cooked for 
him, though very badly for want of fuel. After nine 
days of suffering, he died. It is said that a writing was 
found upon him, giving an account of his sufferings and 
exoressing regret for the course he had taken. He was 
enterprising. His age at the time of his death was 
forty-eight or forty-nine.* 

* Bangor Centennial, 34. Captain George Henry Preble's Geneo- 
logical Sketch of the Prebles. In a note Captain Preble says, " I doubt 
his having been a Tory as stated. " 



522 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



CHAPTER II. 

John Brewer — His Mill at Segeundedunk — New Worcester — Tract 
Lotted by Joseph Chadwick — The Revolution Prevents Obtaining a 
Grant — Elihu Hevves's Opinion ol the Patriotism of the People — 
Anecdote of High Liberty Men — First Organization of a Military 
Band in 1776 — Andrew Oilman, Lieutenant and Commander — 
Headquarters near Mount Hope — Heads of Families North of Bald 
Hill Cove in 1776 — Benjamin Wheeler — Wheelerborough — The years 
1777 and 1778 — Penobscot, St. John, and Passamaquoddy Indians 
and Captain John Allan — Theyhelp drive Sir John Collier from 
Machias — British try to Gain Them — Allan's Influence Prevents 
— Orono and John Neptune — The Belts — The British at Castine 
— General McLean and Brewer — Saltonstall's Fleet — Brewer's In- 
terview with General Lovell and Saltonstall — Saltonstall's De- 
feat — Mowatt at Brewer's — His Conduct — McLean's Kindness 
to Prisoners — Brew-er L-eaves tlie River during British Occupa- 
tion — British Destroy Buildings of Settlers who will not submit 
Luniei and Other British Agents — Indians Continue Loyal during the 
War. 

1770 to 1780. In September, 1770, John Brewer 
came from Worcester to the Penobscot, in pursuit of a 
place to establish himself Arriving at the stream on the 
eastern side of the river, called by the Indians Segeunde- 
dunk, he examined it up to the ponds or source, as he 
did two or three other streams on the same side of the 
river; and afterwards the Condeskeag, for an eligible site 
for a mill-dam. He selected the Segeundedunk, and, 
after laying the foundation of his dam at its mouth, re- 
turned to Worcester. In April of the next year he re- 
turned with workmen and erected his mill, and, having 
got it in operation, leased it. He put up a house frame 
and boarded it. There were with him twenty-one 
others, and they formed themselves into a company and 
ran out a tract of territory extending from Buck's Ledge 
eight or nine miles below, twelve miles to the head of the 
tide, and back from the river six miles. This was called 
New Worcester. 

In December Mr. Brewer again returned to Worcester 
and in April, 1772, brought with him his family, and set- 
tled in the place where he had built his house and mill. 

The tract taken up by the company was lotted on the 
river by Joseph Chadwick, but unfortunately his field 
notes and plans were lost. The company petitioned the 
Massachusetts Government for a grant of the land, with 
the intention of ajDplying to the King to confirm it, but 
in the excitement attending the rupture with Great Britain 
the petition was not attended to. Whereupon the com- 
pany applied directly to the Crown for the grant, through 
Dr. Calef, of Ijjswich. The application was received 
favorably, and the business was within a day of being 
completed, when the news of the commencement of the 
hostilities in Massachusetts reached England, and noth- 
ing more was done there in regard to tlie grant. 

The news of the affairs at Lexington and Bunker Hill, 
the burning of Falmouth, with the dismantling of Fort 
Pownall, caused great excitement among the settlers of 
Penobscot. The larger portion of them were poor, but 
most of them had the disposition, if not the means, to 
aid in freeing the country from British domination. Mr. 
Elihu Hewes, in his letter of June 9, 1775, to Joseph 
Warren, President of the Provincial Congress, said that 
he lived about twenty-three miles above Fort Pownall ; 



that the settlement was new, the first man that pitched -1 
in his neighborhood not having been there more than five 
years, although Captain Jonathan Buck had been ten 
years at his place, which was not much more than eight 
miles above that Fort; that inhabitants were settled for 
more than twenty miles above him (Buck); that the peo- 
ple were firmly attached to the Constitution of the coun- 
try, and he was confident would support it to the last 
moment of their lives, "being willing in general to en- 
counter any difficulty rather than yield to that Band of 
Tyranny whose plodding pates had long been projecting 
methods to enslave" them. 

In the autumn before this lettter was written, some 
"high Liberty men" at Condeskeag manifested their loy- 
alty to the country by trimming the largest of the many 
oaks that stood on the bank of the river between one and 
two hundred rods above the Point, of its lower branches, 
and threatening to hang one David Rogers, a sea-captain, 
upon it, if he would not take an oath to be true to the 
country. When he refused, they jirocured a rope to carry 
their threat into execution, but before [proceeding fur- 
ther they indulged all around in much fieerum. Rogers 
then took the oath. 

A military band was organized in 1776, consisting of 
twenty white men and ten Indians. To gratify the In- 
dians, Andrew Gilman was given a lieutenant's commis-( 
sion, and was also given the command; Josejjh Mansell 
was made orderly sergeant; William Potter, sergeant, and 
Ebenezer McKenney and Samuel Low, corporals. This I 
probably was the first military organization in the neigh-J 
borhood of Conduskeag. A rough barrack in the angle] 
at the intersection of the two diverging roads near Mount ' 
Hope Cemetery, through Veazie, was the headquarters. 
It was a partisan corps, and ranged all over the countryl 
until the British took possession of MachebiguatausJ 
(Bagaduce) in 1779. 

The following are the names of the heads of the fami- 
lies on both banks of the Penobscot between Deadwaterj 
(Stillwater) and Bald Hill Cove in 1776, and the tax ofj 
each as adjusted June i: 

/ '■ d. £ s. 



Stephen Rowell i 

Patrick Mahany 

Robert Mann i 

Charles Blagden 

John Mansell, Jr 

James Budge 

Emerson Orcutt ..... 

John Mansell 

Kenneth McKenzie... 

Caleb Goodwin i 

Timothy Blake 

Simeon Johnson 

Henry Kenny 

Benjamin Higgins. . . . 

JosiaR Brewer 

James Ginn .... i 

Phineas Rice 

James McCordy 

Jonathan Pendleton. . . 

Peter Sangster 

Eliphalet Nickerson . . . i 

Joshua Ayres i 

Jedidiah Preble, Esq... i 
Samuel Loro 



d. 

7 Stephen Bussell 

4 James Nichols 

8 Jonas Neal 

5 George Gardner 

5 Michael McMahon 

I Samuel Kidder 

Joseph Mansell 

Solomon Harthorn i 

Samuel Wilson 

John Thorns i 

Elvin 

Samuel Kenny i 

John Emery i 

Phineas Jones 

John Brewer i 

8 John Carraway 

I Jonathan Pearce 

1 James Shirley 

3 .Abraham Preble 

2 Joseph .Arey 

7 Ephraim Downs 

9 Jeremiah Colburn i 

9 Archibald McPhetres. . i 
2 Joseph Page i 



IS 
6 

9 

3 

18 

3 
9 
4 

3 
4 
3 
7 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



523 



Silas Harthom i 

Widow Rose i 

Thomas Howard i 

Widow-Elizabeth Smart i 

John Smart i 

Robert Campbell i 

Andrew Webster i 

Simon Crosby 2 

Simeon Gorton 

Samuel Kilman 

Andrew Patterson i 

Benjamin Wheeler i 

Reuben Goodwin i 

Simeon Smith 

Rolwrt McCordy 



t 


7 


18 


6 


6 


2 


10 


10 


18 


6 


I- 


7 


7 


9 


12 


4 


18 


6 


9 


3 



ro 10 Samuel Runnels 

6 6 Nathaniel Mayhew. .. . i 

1 7 Jacob Bussell i 

4 8 John Holyoke 

7 9 Kbenezer Haynes 

13 II James Dunning i 

4 8 Jacob Dennett 

I Abner Crosby 

9 3 Elihu Hewes i 

9 3 Gustavus Swan 

10 10 John Sully i 

7 9 Andrew Grant i 

1 7 Joshua W'alker 

3 I James Philbrook 

12 4 Robert Treat 

The tax enables us to see the relative position as to 
means of each settler upon this territory, whose first in- 
habitant had been upon it less than seven years. 

Benjamin Wheeler, whose name is found on the above 
list, settled near the Sowadabscook Stream, and doubt- 
less is the person referred to by Elihu Hewes as the "first 
man that pitched his tent in this neighborhood." This 
would fix his settlement in 1770.* He built a grist-mill 
on the Sowadabscook in 1770, and the territory was 
called for several years Wheelerborough. 

During the years 1777 and 1778 nothing worthy of 
note occurred upon the Penobscot. The settlers were 
too far from the seat of war, and too feeble in point of 
numbers and importance, to attract the attention of the 
enemy, and they were left to struggle for a livelihood 
unmolested. The movements of the Indians doubtless 
excited some interest, for there was constant intercourse 
between the Penobscots and St. John and Passama- 
quoddy Indians, with whom Captain John Allan had 
acquired an influence that enabled him to make them of 
service to the American cause, and to keep them from 
the control of the English.! The Penobscots were in 
constant trouble about their supplies. In 1777 they were 
in a state of great excitement — they were irregularly fur- 
nished with goods by every one who chose to trade with 
them, and were inevitably cheated. The Government 
arrangements were very imperfect, and in November a 
party, accompanied by Lowder and Gilman, went to 
Machias in a small privateer, having about thirty soldiers 
on board, and had an interview with Colonel Allan in 
regard to their troubles; that gentleman being their re- 
sort for redress when dissatisfied. They showed him the 
letters from the General Court, and satisfied him that the 
promise therein had not been complied with, and that if 
that state of things continued they would go to Canada 
for their supplies. There was a British agent at the 
head of the river continually tempting them, whereupon 
Colonel Allan wrote to the Government that ''diabolical 
proceedings had been carried on' on the Penobscot 
River, that there had been great embezzlements of public 
money as well as imposition ui;on the Indians; that the 
Indians daily sold property which they got from the 
truck house, and consequently were daily calling there 
for more; that the British used "art and insinuations" to 
bring them under their influence; tliat the prices of furs 
were high upon the continent of Europe, and that by 

•See ante. 
+Kidder's Eastern Maine, note, 139, 147. 



economy and care, and the putting a stop to the traffic 
with them by petty traders — which was no better than 
pilfering — and keeping the truck house properly fur- 
nished and managed, the profits which the Government 
would derive from the furs would answer the cost, and 
the Indians would be of great service to the public 
cause, and that he had promised them that the agree- 
ment of the Government should be performed; and he 
urged the Government to give to the subject their prompt 
attention.* 

Prior to this, on the 1 2th of August, six deputies from 
the Penobscots arrived at Machias, and on the next 
morning Colonel Allan had a conference with them and 
chiefs of the St. John and Passamaquoddy tribes, and 
interchanged strings of wampum " in token of lasting 
friendship between all parties." The conference ended 
in a feast, at which were present Colonel Jonathan Eddy, 
Major Stillman, Captain Smith, and many other officers of 
the army. "In the midst of the festal joy," says Colonel 
Allan's journal, " received the unwelcome news of the 
arrival of three ships, one brig, and one schooner." This 
proved to be the British expedition under Sir George 
Collier to take Machias. Colonel Allan, who, with his 
party, had arrived at Machias only five days before, with 
the Penobscots, joined the forces and made so good a 
defense that the ships were obliged to retreat with loss 
and the accomplishment of nothing. In this affair the 
Indians were of great service to the Americans. They 
"set up the Indian yell, which was followed by many at 
the different places, and no doubt caused the enemy to 
suppose there were some hundreds." Colonel Allan put 
into the hands of the Penobscots six guns, and they ac- 
quitted themselves so well that he made them presents, 
and after a renewal of pledges of friendship and love 
they departed well satisfied. 

The communication between the different tribes was 
by the river and lakes and by the sea-shore. Between 
the heads of streams and lakes there were short portages, 
over which they conveyed their canoes. There is one of 
these carrying-places between Eel and North Lakes, on 
the boundary northerly of the Cheputnecook Lakes, 
which has been the Indian path from time immemorial, 
and where it passes over the flat granite rocks it is worn 
into them by the tread of moccasins to the depth of 
two or three inches. The path or trail is always the 
same narrow foot-way, from which there is no deviation. 

In 1778, when Colonel Allan was w-atching the British 
of Nova Scotia, he was obliged to use all his skill to 
keep the Indians true to the Americans. They were 
very fickle, but their attachment to him w^as so great that 
he almost always influenced them to do as he advised. 
On July 30, 1778, he had a grand conference with some 
from all the tribes, and " demanded of them to throw 
aside their indolence and lethargic spirit, and to ro'use to 
be ready when called upon," and they all declared they 
would be ready on the shortest notice. He ordered 
Lieutenant Gilman with six or eight Indians to fall in 
about Medoctec (on the St. John, a little southeast of 

*Kidder*s Eastern Maine, 151, 230, 235, 241, 244. 
•Kidder's Eastern Maine, 126, 129, 205, 208. 



524 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Hodgdon), and sixteen of the Penobscots went, and by 
some manoeuvering prevented the British agent, Franklin, 
and a Tory priest, Bailey, (who went from Kennebec) tam- 
pering with the St. John Indians. They executed the 
business well and caused them to leave the river. The 
English continued their machinations at Penobscot, and 
Allan was written to by Lowder in regard to the matter. 
Some of the St. John Indians had been seduced and 
were tampering with the Penobscots, and Allan e.xpressed 
himself discouraged about the intricate situation of 
the latter, but that the tribe had sent Orono and 
French Mitchell, both very suitable persons, to the Gen- 
eral Court to have a permanent footing arranged for the 
Indian trade, which was so profitable as to be the 
occasion of perpetual quarrels and jars until it was 
done. 

On April 30, 1779, John Neptune and Orono appeared 
at Mr. Preble's truck-house, having come by express with 
John Marsh from John Preble (a son of the General who 
was in the American service) with a message with wam- 
pum from Deputy Superintendent Smith, at Machias, 
notifying the whole tribe that Colonel Allan invited them 
to assemble at Machias on the 25th May to "receive the 
priest and bring their peltry with them." Neptune then 
exhibited three small strings of wampum, saying that 
they were sent to the tribe from Canada by two young 
men about three weeks before. He held up the first 
string and explained: "First string — We sent you this to 
open your eyes; second string — that you may see a great 
way; third string — that your ears may be opened to hear, 
and fix your hearts, that you may have a right under 
standing of what I am going to tell you." 

Then, exhibiting a large belt of wampum, fifteen hun- 
dred white, he said that it was also sent to the tribe with 
a message, the substance of which was that they sliould 
have no connection with the Americans, that their pow- 
der and balls were treacherous, and the death of one of 
the tribe would make them sorry and angry; that the 
Americans did not know what they were about, fighting 
the "great King of England," who was determined to 
"whip them severely;" that they sent the great belt (which 
they wished to have immediately returned), that they 
might show it to the St. Johns and Micmacs, and inform 
them that the Indians were "coming across the woods as 
soon as the leaves are as big as our nails" to destroy the 
white people — three hundred on the Penobscot, three hun- 
dred on the Norridgewock River, and three hundred upon 
Cohos; that for the support of those Indians who were 
coming there were three hundred barrels of flour at 
Soccocon, and that they had provisions in Canada enough 
to last thirty years, if the war should last so long; that 
the belt was not sent for nothing, and they might depend 
that they sent them the truth; that there were then at 
and near Canada nine thousand Indians ready to exe- 
cute the orders of the British general, and finally that 
they were so rejoiced to get their wampum carried to the 
Penobscot that "they danced and drank three days and 
nights, and liquor was given them as free as water." 

Colonel Allan held the conference. Ninety canoes 
were present from the different tribes. Franklin and the 



priest, Bailey, had influenced some, but most submitted 
to Allan. 

By the Transactions of the American Antiquarian So- 
ciety (Vol., II., pp. 3i-32)it appears that the French 
adopted the names given by the Souriquois to the neigh- 
boring Indian tribes. The Etechemins or "Canoemen" 
embraced the tribes on the St. John River, called Ouy- 
gondy by Champlain, and of Passamaquoddy Bay; andi 
the name extended thence westwardly along the seashore' 
as far at least as Mt. Desert Island, De Monts Island, 
Boon Island. St. Croix River was always called Riverj 
of the Etechemins by Champlain. 

The Indians west of the Kennebec River begin at Chacouet, andl 
thence westwardly as far as Cape Cod were called Almouchequois by 
the Souriquois. Chacouet (probably Saco) is noticed by Champlain asl 
the first place along the seashore where there was any cultivation. 
The Indians at the mou.h of the Kennebec planted, and informed him 
that those who cultivate maize lived far inland or up the river. Thesd 
inland cultivating Indians were the well-known .■\benakis, consisting ol 
several tribes, the principal of which were the Penobscots, the Norridge 
woes, and the Amoriscogyans. ."^nd it is not improbable that the In4 
dians at the mouth of both rivers, though confounded by Champlain 
with the Etechemins. belonged to the same nation. 

The vocabulary of the .-^benakis is from father Rasle, recently 
published in Boston, under care of Mr. Pickering. The Penobscot 
tribe, consisting of about three hundred souls, still exists on that river. 
The vocabulary of their language from two manuscripts, one taken by 
General Treat and obtained (rom Governor Lincoln, the other in Mr. 
Inponceau's collection, taken by Mr. Gardner of Maine. The dialects 
of those three Eastern nations, the Micmacs, the Etchemens, and the 
Abenakis, have great affinity with each other, but though evidently be- 
longing to the same stock, differ widely from the .Algonquin language. 

The dividing line between the Algonquin and New 
England Indians is somewhere between Kennebec and 
Piscataqux 

They were all early converted by the Jesuits and were firmly attached 
to the French until the conquest of Canada, were in perpetual hostility 
with the British colonists. In 1754 all the .\benakis except the Pe- 
nobscots withdrew to Canada, and that tribe was considered by the 
others as deserters from the common cause. They, the Passama- 
quoddys, and St. Johns, united in the War of Independence. 

Rev. M. C. O'Brien, pastor of St. Mary's (Roman 
Catholic) church, Bangor, who has given considerable at- 
tention to the language of the Indians, says: "Abena- 
quis, as pronounced in French, or Abenaki in English, 
expresses only the country or territory. The Indian 
word for its inhabitants is Wanbanakuoi — ak in the 
singular. Wanbanakiui, — the / being always pronounced 
like ee in English. 

Mr. O'Brien says in relation to Penobscot: "In In- 
dian (as in Rasle's Dictionary) Panawanbskek signifies 
a wide-spreading place — a broad expanse; a wide val- 
ley. It is not the name of the river in that form, which 
is called Panawanbske-witegwock, or teguk. Pentagoet 
is a corruption of Pemtegwek, a river, from perai, a particle 
signifying flying continuity, and tegu, a wave, whence 
teguk, called "the Cook." 

It was deemed important by the British to have a mil- 
litary station at Muchebiguataus (Bagaduce, now Cas- 
tine) to protect their shipping in the eastern waters, and 
to overawe the people upon and eastward of the Penob- 
scot, who were known to be generally friendly to the 
cause of the patriots. Accordingly, on the 12th of June, 
1779, General Francis McLean was sent thither with 650 
soldiers in His Majesty's ships Blonde, Nautilus, and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



525 



North, and transports, and landed on the 16th. He im- 
mediately commenced the erection of a fort upon the 
right of the peninsula, overlooking the harbor on the east 
and the Buck Cove on the west. 

This invasion of Penobscot was at a season of the year 
when the inhabitants were almost destitute of provisions, 
and, being very poorly supplied with arms and ammuni- 
tion, there was great terror among them, especially among 
the women and children. Several of the principal otti- 
cers met the people and consulted whether it was best to 
make defense or to submit on such terms as they might 
be able to obtain. The result was that Colonel Brewer 
and Colonel Smith, of Marsh Bay (formerly of Salem), 
should call upon General McLean and ascertain his dis- 
position in regard to them. They returned with the very 
gratifying information that, if they would be peaceable 
and attend only to their own affairs, they should not be 
disturbed. 

Colonel Brewer and others kept a bark canoe plying 
between his place and Camden, and every few days were 
able to commuuicate to the inhabitants in their neighbor- 
hood intelligence of what was transpiring in the outer 
world, and at length received information that Commo- 
dore Richard Saltonstall and General Solomon Lovell 
were coming from Massachusetts with a tleet and army to 
drive out the British. About a month after Brewer and 
Smith first visited McLean they w-ere sent again to him 
by the people on some business which they accomplished 
to their satisfaction, and, being observant while upon the 
peninsula, they took note ot the works of the British and 
of their situation generally. From a rapid movement of 
the troops the Colonel felt that something imi)ortant was 
about to take place, and judged that it would be for his 
interest to hasten away, and, informing his companion, 
they proceeded rapidly to their boat. They had hardly 
put off from the shore when the "grand rounds" were 
beaten for no person to leave. Having reached the head 
of the peninsula, they stood out with a light breeze up 
the river, and, casting their eyes down the bay, espied a 
large fleet, which they felt quite certain was the Massa- 
chusetts expedition, and were so overjoyed with the sight 
and with the anticipation of the early expulsion of the 
British, that they could hardly sleep during the night. 
They stopped all night, after having sailed up the river 
about six miles, and the next morning made some effort 
to discover the fleet, which was enveloped in fog; but not 
succeedmg, they proceeded to Old Fort Point and walked 
about half a mile, when the fog lifted and they "had a 
full view of all the fleet, which had just got under way, 
and, with a small breeze, was standing up in line of bat- 
tle discharging their cannon at the British shipping as 
they passed by." It was an imposing sight and must 
have impressed the enemy, from the number of trans- 
ports, that the force was very formidable. 

While admiring this beautiful spectacle, they were 
startled by the noise of oars, and looking in another di- 
rection saw below them, close under the cliff, several 
whale-boats full of armed men, upon which they ran to 
their boat, which was on the northerly side of the point, 
and were just hoisting the sail when the whale-boats came 



round the Point upon them, and they were ordered to 
stand. To Colonel Brewer's astonishment, the order came 
from his brother Josiah, who had been dispatched with a 
company of soldiers as an advance guard to be stationed 
at the Narrows at Buckstown (Bucksport), to stop com- 
munication. Jumping on board the boat of Brewer and 
Smith, Josiah led the flotilla to its destination, and, hav- 
ing accomplished his object, returned with his friends in 
their boat to the fleet; which, owing to the dense fog, 
they were not able to reach until the next morning. They 
were very politely received by General Lovell on board 
his ship, and he, on being informed that Colonel Brewer 
and Captain Smith had left the fort only about thirty- 
seven hours before, sent for Commodore Saltonstall to 
come on board, which he did. Being assured by Josiah 
Brewer that he might rely upon the communications that 
his brother and Captain Smith might make, the Commo- 
dore and General went with them into the cabin, and re- 
ceived from Colonel Brewer a detailed statement of the 
state of the fort and the British forces; that the fort, on 
the northerly side, overlooking the Cove, was about four 
feet high ; that the easterly and westerly ends were simi- 
lar to a stone wall, falling off gradually from the back 
side of the fort to the front, where the ground was not 
broken and but one log was laid ; that on the back side 
of the fort the ditch was about three feet in depth, and 
"the ends were tapering according to the height of the 
walls ;" that not a platform had been laid or a gun carried 
into the fort ; that a part of the troops were stationed 
at the upper end on the heath ; that there was no appear- 
ance of any artillery there ; that on a point there was a 
six-gun battery, and that was all they would have to en- 
counter on the land ; that a small battery had been be- 
gun on Cape Rozier Point ; that Captain Mowatt's ship, 
mounting twenty guns, and one other, mounting ten guns, 
he thought were all that lay opposite the fort. General 
Lovell appeared to be very much pleased with the in- 
formation ; but when Colonel Brewer told Commodore 
Saltonstall that that was all the force he would have to 
meet, and that, "as soon as the wind breezed up, he 
might go right in with his shipping, silence the two small 
ships and the six-gun battery, land his troops under the 
cover of his guns, and in half an hour make everything 
his own,'' that dignitary "threw up his long chin, and 
says : 'You seem to be damned know-ing about the mat- 
ter. I am not going to risk my shipping in that damned 
hole.' " Brewer then thought that "his head would make 
a pretty button for a halter," and wished it, too. After 
this Brewer and Smith returned home, but Brewer was 
ordered by his brother, who was then his Colonel, to 
bring half of his company back, which he did. After 
remaining a while, and doing nothing except break up a 
fishing party of the British, he again returned home, 
where he remained. 

On the 14th of August Captain Brewer was greatly 
surprised by the appearance at his house in the morning 
of Dr. Downing, Surgeonin-chief of the American 
forces, with all the sick and wounded prisoners — twenty 
to thirty — and the information that the siege had been 
raised by the appearance of a British fleet under Sir 



5z6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



George Collier, and that our fleet and army were flying 
before him up the river. After dressing the wounds of 
those in his charge and giving them refreshments at 
Captain Brewer's house, by advice of that gentleman he 
took them to Major Treat's, at the head of the tide and 
left them in charge of Dr. Herbert, with his medical 
chest. 

In the morning such of the ships as had not been de- 
stroyed below, came up to Condeskge, and on the next 
morning were blown up and burnt in the Penobscot 
River off the mouth of the stream by their crews. These 
were the ships Monmouth, 24 guns; Sally, 22 guns; Hec- 
tor, 20 guns; Black Prince, 18 guns; brigs Hazard, 16 
guns; Diligeant, 14 guns; Tyrannicide, 14 guns, burnt: 
sloop Providence, 14 guns, blown up; sloop Spring Bird, 
12 guns; total, 154 guns; and three transports. The 
army made their way through the woods westward. 

Captain Brewer was again called upon by the inhabit- 
ants to go again to General McLean, accompanied by 
Captain Ginn, and learn his determination in regard to 
them. At the Narrows they saw the ship Blonde, Cap- 
tain Berkley, and, being hailed, went on board and in- 
formed the Captain of their business. He gave them a 
pass, and they were not again interrupted on the voyage. 
When they called upon General McLean he received 
them very politely, and said : 

"Mr. Brewer, you have come to see me again. What is 
the news up the river, and where are the rebels ? Have 
they dispersed?" 

"They have." 

"I believe the commanders were a pack of cowards, 
or they would have taken me, for I was in no situation 
to defend myself I meant to give them only one or 
two guns that I might not be called a coward, and then 
strike my colors, as I did not wish to throw away my 
men's lives for nothing. Now, what is your request?" 

"The inhabitants are in distress to know your deter- 
mination. If it is favorable they will stay at home; if 
not, they will quit their houses and take to the woods as 
some have done already." 

"Go home and tell them that if they will stay by their 
houses and live peaceably and mind their own business, 
they shall not be harmed, but the houses of all who quit 
them shall be burnt." 

Captain Brewer then inquired what would be the dis- 
position of the sick and wounded men who had been 
left. 

"What is your wish?" 

"That they may be conveyed to their friends as soon 
as convenient." 

"Go up the river and get a vessel, if you can; if not, I 
will provide you one." 

"I have one in view that I can get." 

"Then fit her in good order and take all the sick and 
wounded on board, and come down with them and return 
me a list of their names, and I will give you a pass as a 
cartel, to deliver them where it is most convenient for 
the men." 

"But, General, there will be some stores wanting that 
1 cannot get up the river." ' 



"Get what you can, and make out a memorandum of 
what you want more, and I will supply you here." 

Captain Brewer returned, and on his way chartered a 
schooner and shipped a master and crew, who went with 
her up the river, where she was fitted up with platforms I 
and bunks. 

In a few days Captain Mowatt came up the river in 4 
the ship Albany, and anchored abreast of Brewer's Cove 
just at night, and sent word to Brewer to call upon him 
in the morning, which he did. At this visit he informed 
Mowatt of the orders he had received from the General, 
and Mowatt desired him to accomplish the business as 
soon as possible. 'l"he intercourse between those two_ 
persons, until the schooner was away, was of the most] 
friendly character. Mowatt frequently, as Brewer was! 
passing, called him on board his vessel, made inquiries 
about the sick and wounded, and took him into his cabin 
to take a glass of wine or brandy; and when the schooned 
was about to sail, he gave him a pass to proceed to Gen-j 
eral McLean. 

When he reached Marsh Bay, Captain Brewer was in-1 
formed that Captain George Ross, who had commanded'H 
an American ship of twenty guns, had been wounded, 
and, with his cabin boy, was on shore there. He sent 
the boat with Dr. Herbert for them, and they came on 
board. Brewer added this captain's name to his list, 
"George Ross," he says, "as it was," and when he ar-." 
rived at Bagaduce returned his list to Cieneral McLean, 
with which he was much pleased, and gave Captain 
Brewer an order on the Commissary to fill the memoran- 
dum made by the captain for the supplies needed, and 
"a pass for the schooner as a cartel,'' to proceed with the 
men to Boston and the places most convenient for them 
to get to their homes. Captain Brewer then returned to 
his home to meet with a reception that he had not con- 
templated. 

After he had left Marsh Bay, on his way down the 
river, one Ichabod Colson hastened to inform Mowatt! 
that Brewer had taken off" Captain Ross, and on the! 
morning of Brewer's return, Mowatt sent for him to come 
on board his ship. Brewer, being fatigued, excused him- 
self until afternoon, and as he was leaving his house to 
comply with the request, he saw Mowatt land upon the 
point opposite, and went over to him. Captain Brewer 
thus describes the interview, which continued about half 
an hour. 

"The first compliment I received was: 

" 'You damned rebel, I understand that you stopped at 
Marsh Bay. and took on board Captain Ross, one of the 
finest captains there was in the Navy. I meant to have 
kept him and had two of my captains for him, he was 
such a fine fellow. Did you return him as captain ?' 

" 'No, I returned his name George Ross.' 

"Then it was D again, and: 'Did you not know that I 
had not given you any order to take any one on board?' 

" ' Yes.' 

" 'And how dared you do it?' — with sword flourishing 
over my head — both of us stepping back and forth pretty 
lively. 

" 'Because I got my orders another way.' 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



527 



"'Which way?' 

" ' From General McLean, your master.' 
I "You -must suppose that I was somewhat agitated by 
I my answer to him. On that, he starts back a little, 
draws his sword out olhis scabbard, and says : 

"'You damned rebel, I have a good mind to run you 
through.' I deliberately opened my breast, and told 
him : ' If you dare do it, here is your mark, tor it is in your 
power to do it.' 

"On that he turned on his heel, stepped back a 
little, then wheeled again, advanced with his flour 
ishing sword, with a double D, if it could be ex- 
pressed, that before sunrise he would lay my buildings in 
ashes. I told him it was in his power to do it, 'but 
what do you think I shall be doing all the time?' On 
that he wheeled again and marched to his boat, and I 
to mine, and came home." 

The repose of Mr. and Mrs. Brewer the succeeding 
night was not so pleasant as usual, but nothing further oc- 
curred until about four the next afternoon, when Captain 
Brewer alarmed his wife by telling her that Captain 
Mowatt had landed and was approaching the house. He 
walked very moderately, and when he had nearly reached 
the door Captain Biewer met him. He politely saluted 
Captain Brewer, and inquired for the health of his family, 
and was invited by him into the house. Mrs. Brewer 
was partially relieved of her panic when introduced to 
him. He entered into conversation and expressed great 
commiseration for the distressed condition of the in- 
habitants, remained two or three hours, inquired into the 
condition of Captain Brewer's family, and proposed to as- 
sist him in getting goods from Halifax to the value of 
;^, 5,000 at prime cost, if he should need assistance. 
During his stay he was at all times friendly to Mr. 
Brewer, e.\cepting on the occasion of his display of 
temper before mentioned ; called all hands on deck at 
one time, and forbade their taking anything from 
his field or garden under penalty of punishment, and was 
strictly obeyed. He obtained supplies for his table from 
Captain Brewer, and paid him generously for them. 

Mowatt's barges went to the head of the tide, and his 
men burnt the houses of some who would not take the 
oath of allegiance, among them Janies Nichols's, at Ed- 
dington Bend, and old Joseph Page's, at Penjejawock. 
Page's was burnt in his sight, he being on the summit of 
Mt. Hope at the time watching the proceedings of the 
British. It is evident that Mowatt was a passionate man, 
though there were ennobling traits in his character. His 
conduct towards Brewer shows that he did not retain re- 
sentment. There is an anecdote of his humanity. One 
Samuel Kenny, an arrant Tory, who resided on the 
eastern side of the river, nearly ojjposite the mouth of the 
Kenduskeag, had taken a great quantity of pork and beef 
from the settlers, and deposited it in a house in the 
neighborhood of Captain Brewer's. Of this he informed 
Mowatt, who went to see it. He reproved Kenny for 
taking it, and ordered him to take salt from his tender 
and salt it all immediately, and give a barrel to each per- 
son he robbed. 

Mowatt was from forty to forty-five years of age ; had 



a fresh countenance and good physique. He wore his 
hair powdered, dressed in a blue coat with facings lighter 
of the same color. Was of medium size. 

In 1775 he had disgraced himself among .\mericans 
by burning Portland. In 1783 he was in command of 
Her Majesty's sloop of war Sophie, with Governor Parr 
on board, when he visited, gave the name to, and received 
the hospitalities of the new refugee town of Shelburne, 
Nova Scotia. 

Many of the settlers left the Penobscot after the disas- 
ter to the Penobscot expedition, and of those who re- 
mained many took the oath of allegiance to the Crown; 
and some went to Bagaduce to work on the fort in order 
to get the means to eke out a subsistence. Rations were 
issued to them, and the carpenters received a dollar a 
day, and laborers at first a pistareen (twenty cents), 
afterwards about seventy-five cents. Mr. Crosby and 
Captain Brewer were among those who left the country 
for their former home. The occasion of the latter leav- 
ing is related in his journal. 

Before Captain Mowatt went down the river he made 
an arrangement with Captain Brewer to take down a 
house on the Point, which was owned by his brother, for 
$200, and Mowatt was to send a vessel to take it to the 
fort at Bagaduce. A few da^ s afterwards some person 
removed the windows and secreted them. This was re- 
ported to General .McLean, and Captain Brewer gives 
this report of the conversation that followed: 

"Well, man, you must get them again." 

'•I cannot, for I know not where to look for them or 
whom to suspect." 

"Then, man, you must stay here until they are pro- 
duced." 

"That is impossible for me to do without having lib- 
erty to search for them." 

"Well, man, I guess you know where they are as well 
as anybody, and I will give you a week or fortnight to go 
home and get them; and if you don't bring them within 
that time I will put you in confinement." 

Captain Brewer went home, but instead of searching 
for the windows he packed his own and many other 
goods (excepting his beds and clothing), which he put on 
board a large scow that Major George Ulmer had come 
up from Camden for plunder in. Then embarking his 
family, consistmg of nine persons, the scow left in the 
night. They reached Camden the next day. He re- 
mained, and taking his yoke of oxen, three cows, and 
one horse, joined them with the stock of John Crosby 
and others — making in all about thirty head — and they 
drove them through the woods to Camden, where they 
arrived the third or fourth day. From there he went 
with his family to St. (jeorge, where they took passage by 
water to Boston and did not return until after the peace. 

The crews of the vessels which were destroyed at Con- 
deskge swarmed over the Point, but finding no means of 
subsistence among the inhabitants they made no tarry, 
but made their way through the wilderness to the Ken 
nebec, suffering greatly on their journey, and some starv- 
ing to death. 

Communications by water between the inhabitants of 



5^8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Penobscot and other parts of the country being obstruct- 
ed by the British occupancy of Bagaduce and the river 
below Bucksport, arrangements were made by which the 
Indians of Penobscot could be supplied at Kennebec to 
prevent their falling under the influence of the British, of 
which there was danger after the destruction of Salton- j 
stall's fleet. Many of them plundered the houses of i 
settlers all the way up the river, doubtless supposing 
that their owners who had left would have no more 
rights there. Fort Halifax, near Ticonic Falls, on the 
Kennebec, which had been built about twenty years be- 
fore, was made a depot for supplies, and the Penobscots 
made it a resort for obtaming them until the end of the 
war.* 

This was a critical time for their loyalty. One Lunier 
who kept a trading house at the carrying place between 
the Penobscot and St. Lawrence waters — Penobscot and 
Portage Lakest — was constant in his efforts to detach 
them from the American interest. He had great in- 
fluence with them. In September, 1779, twenty-six 
Indians and French, under his direction, arrived at the 
Indian village on the Penobscot, and finding that all the 
Indians excepting two had gone to Kennebec, obtained 
some dispatches sent by Colonel Allan, and learned 
from them that the Indians were on their march from 
St. John to join that officer. He was a vigilant, active 
man, and had under him at this time a number of troops, 
and caused Allan much anxiety. On reading the dis- 
patches, he sent the St. John Indians a belt of wampum, 
inviting them to Canada with flattering promises if they 
came, and threats if they did not. Their confidence in 
Allan, however, was so great that he could not influence 
them. I 

Mr. Franklin, of the Governor's Council of Nova ) 
Scotia and Superintendent of the Indians, and Major ! 
Studholme, commander of a fort on the St. John, left no ' 
means unimproved to control them. The Penobscots 
were at a grand council of the Indians at Passama- 
quoddy in June, 1780, to consult in regard to proposi- 
tions of the enemy. 

The Penobscots remained true to the Americans until 
the close of the war. In acknowledgment of their ser- 
vices, the Government presented some of them with 
clothing and gave them some privileges that they had 
not before. Sj 

•Kidder's Eastern Maine, 278 — note. 

+Ihid.. 269. 

JKidder's Eastern Maine. 268. 

§\VilIiainson's History of Maine, II., 478. 



CHAPTER III. 

Poverty of the People before the Revolution — Budge's Saw-mill 

Treat's Store — Dennet's Boats — Howard's Barrels — Destitution dur- 
ing British Occupation — Revival of Business afterward — Budge's 

Enterprise — Brewer's Trouble About the New 'Worcester Tract 

How it was Settled — Knappand Associates — Missionaries — Rev. Mr, 
Little and Rev. Mr. Ruthven (Catholic)— Massachusetts Commis- 
sioners and Penobscot Indians — Terms of Treaty .Agreed to — Mr. Lit- 
tle's School — Rev. Seth Noble — End of Mr. Little's School Labors- 
A Tragedy — A Quarrel, and an Indian Killed — Treaty not Ratified 
Promptly, and Rejected by the Indians — Rev. Mr. Little as an Ambas- 
sador — Reception and Conference at Oldtown — Orson Nejnune's 
Speech — Mr. Little's Reply — His Departure — The Chief Orono. 

Prior to the occupation of Penobscot by the British, 
the people on the river lived as they could, from hand to 
mouth. The soil was not cultivated to any great extent. 
Fish were abundant. In 1772 James Budge erected a 
saw-mill on the Manlavvassuck Stream, at the bend on 
the eastern side of the river, and the next year manu- 
factured boards sufficient to sujjply the demand. Major] 
Treat shortly afterward built a store near the Penjeja- 
wock Stream, from which he supplied the people with 
necessaries in exchange for their fish and furs. Jacob 
Dennet built boats adapted to the fishing business, and 
Mr. Howard disposed of barrels and kegs at Bagaduce, 
which brought some return. 

After the river was closed against communication, the 
few inhabitants who remained suffered the extreme of 
destitution. Fish was the chief food. It was some- 
times boiled with sorrel to give it relish. At Falmouth, 
in June, 1799, corn was $35 per bushel; wheat meal, 
$75; molasses, $10 per gallon, and tea, $19 per pound.* 
The price must have been greater upon the Penobscot. 

Their anxiety, their loneliness — heinmed in by a wild 
and pathless wilderness on three sides, and by the 
enemy on the fourth — their hopelessness, must have 
rendered their feeling of desolation terrible. That they 
should have thought the end of the world at hand when 
the 19th of May, 1780, came upon them almost wholly 
as night, and they were obliged to use lighted candles at 
noon time, hardly excites our surprise. 

Bangor's second decade commenced in darkness, but 
light began gradually to dawn. The war could not al- 
ways continue. On October 19, 1781, Cornwallis sur- 
rendered. There were those in the British Parlianient 
who would have the war prosecuted further, but March 
4, 1782, it was resolved to terminate it, and the treaty of 
Paris, under which the independence of the United 
States was admitted and the boundaries of the Republic 
were determined, was signed September 3, 1783. 

The navigation of the Penobscot being again free, the 
craft of Dennet, in the manufacture of boats and yawls, 
and of Howard, in that of barrels, was again in requisi- 
tion. Fish became again an article of export, and trafific 
showed some signs of returning animation. 

In 1783 John Brewer returned with his family to New 
Worcester and completed his grist-mill, thereby relieving 
the settlers above him of the great labor of either sending 
their grain to Wheeler's mill, at Wheelerborough, or 
pounding it in large wooden mortars, which were used in 

* Smith's Journal, in, 112. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



529 



cases of emergency. Soon afterward James Budge re- 
moved from the Mantawassuck to Condeskge, and pur- 
chased <3f Thomas Smart, his wife's brother, the City 
Point Lot, which he occupied for several years. He was 
a man of much business ability, and extended his Unnber- 
ing operations. The pines within a few miles of his resi- 
dence were, many of them, converted by him into masts 
and floated in rafts to Bagaduce, where he found a 
market for them. 

Mr. Brewer, directly after his return, was too much 
engaged about his house and family to give his attention 
to obtaining a title to the territory that was so nearly in 
his possession at the breaking out of the w.ir, and was 
chagrined when Barnabas Dodge made his appearance 
with directions from the Government of Massachusetts 
to run the lines and make a plan of it, thus anticipating 
the settlers, who desired to have a survey and make a 
petition that it be granted to them. After Dodge had 
made his return, a company consisting of Moses Knapp 
and twenty-nine others obtained a deed of the tract from 
the State. This was a great disappointment to the set- 
tlers; but imagining that something might yet be done 
to protect them in their rights as pre-occupants, they 
appointed John Brewer and Simeon Fowler, an intelligent 
gentleman who had settled on the river south of Mr. 
Brewer in 1773, their agents to look after their interests. 

Accordingly these gentlemen proceeded to investigate 
the matter and found that, so late as March 22, 1786, 
no deed of the tract had been recorded, whereupon they 
made a representation of the case and applied for a 
grant, which led to a compromise. The deed to Knapp 
and associates was dated June 29, 1785, and contained 
37,307 acres. But it was so arranged that 10,864 acres, 
bordering on the river, including a gore of 2,500 acres, 
should be relinquished by them from the grant. The 
Government gave a deed to Brewer and Fowler that 
each of the settlers might have a lot of one hundred 
acres from the tract relinquished, with the reservation of 
"suitable and convenient landings and roads to the same 
from the lands purchased by Moses Knapp and associates, 
and the privilege of taking fish, which were to be held in 
common between the said Brewer, Fowler, and other 
settlers and the said Knapp and his associates," the 
landings, roads and privilege having been reserved in the 
deed to Knapp and others. 

There have probably been no settlements in New 
England, however remote, to which the religious mission- 
ary did not early penetrate. There is a record of one 
Oliver Noble, from Marblehead, preaching a few Sundays 
at Condeskge, prior to 1786, in which year Rev. Daniel 
Little returned. This clergyman was settled in the sec- 
ond parish in Wells, which is that part of the town set 
off in 1750 as Kennebunk.* He was ordained March 
27, 1751. He came east as a missionary before 1774, 
returned in that year, and came again to the Pen- 
obscot in 1786. He -was a man of considerable en- 
terprise, and was esteemed for his judgment and pru- 
dence. In his visit to Penobscot in 1 7 74, he found the fam- 
ily of Captain Brewer kind and hospitable, and he found 

•Sullivan's History of Maine, 235. 



a young preacher at the jilace, whom they had hired for 
three months. His name was Knowles; he was "sensible 
and well disposed," and preached there and at Marsh 
Bay alternately. When Mr. Little came to Penobscot 
he found the people alarmed by a report that a large 
body of southern Indians had held a council and sent a 
belt of wampum and a hatchet to the Indians at "Passa- 
dunkee," and a message that if they did not join them 
they would destroy all the women and children, and that 
they had assurance of assistance from the Governor of 
Canada. The report was brought by Aussong Neptune 
and Peol Sock to Mr. Treat, at Condeskge, witha request 
for ammunition for defence. 

On his way up the river from Baguduce, he was in- 
formed that a French priest (a Mr. Ruthven) had gone 
up to Condeskge in a small sloop which he had bought 
in New York. He followed him, and, through Mr. Treat, 
obtained an interview with him, and inquired into the 
cause of the report. He said that in the spring (this was 
in August) a French colonel, with some southern In- 
dians, met the Abenakis at Saint Francois, and drinking 
too much, the Abenakis killed two of the other Indians, 
whereupon some ill-minded person had spread the re- 
port above mentioned. 

This priest was born in Quebec; had been educated in 
France; came with Count D'Estaing's fleet to America, 
from the West Indies, and after arriving at Boston was, 
by order of court, sent as missionary to Penobscot. In 
the two first years after the defeat at Bagaduce, he was at 
Fort Halifa.x, on the Kennebec. He then took up his 
residence on White Island, in Penobscot Bay. He was 
a man of good natural understanding, and conversed in 
English so as to be understood. He was white, tall, and 
of good proportions; "his address was truly French, ex- 
cept an Indian shrug and toss with his shoulder when 
he pronounced an emphatical 'No.'" He wore a blue 
coat with a velvet collar, and was well equipped with 
pocket instruments. He thought the Indians would not 
learn English in a school, and ridiculed the idea of the 
validity of a marriage between two Indinns that had re- 
cently taken place agreeably to State law, and said he 
would nullify it and make them pay double fees. 

The priest's sloop was managed by a boy, as he could 
not command her. He sold a third of it to the boy, and 
two-thirds were sold to Mr. Howard for a horse. 

Mr. Little was astonished that the priest should come 
up the river in such haste, and not call at his island on 
the way. It was a mystery. He found that he was 
waiting for the Indians to come down, as he intended to 
go there and tarry with them until they had harvested 
their corn. 

At this time the Government had sent General Ben- 
jamin Lincoln, General Putnam, and Dr. Thomas Rice, 
to purchase the title of the Indians to the lands on the 
Penobscot River. On .■\ugust 20 they took Mr. Little 
from Mr. Brewer's and carried him to Condeskeag, where 
they proposed to confer with the Indians. They had 
previously sent Mr. John Marsh to Oldtown and Passa- 
dumkeag to invite them, and on Sunday, the 27ih, they 
arrived. There were twenty-one canoes, containing sixty- 



530 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



five Indians. The Commissioners notified them that 
they would meet them the next day at lo o'clock. 

At that hour the Commissioners found them seated 
upon the ground of "an elegant green near the river," 
four chieftains — Orono, Orson, Neptune, and Nepton- 
bovitt — being close together in front, and the others 
"promiscuously in the rear." There were several specta- 
tors present. 

Through the interpreters, Robert Treat and John 
Marsh, the conference began. General Lincoln stated 
the kind intentions of the Government, and that it had 
appointed him and his two associates to settle the claims 
to the lands of the Penobscot satisfactorily to both parties. 
The Indians said that their "hearts were linked with 
the Americans," and expressed themselves gratified that 
the Commissioners had come, and said that they were 
ready to hear their dematids. The Commissioners then 
wished to know what they claimed. They replied that 
they claimed "down to a small stream below Oldtown, 
one mile above Colburn's." The Commissioners re- 
minded them that they had relinquished their right to 
that part of the country to Governor Pownall, and ivhat 
they now held was by virtue of the action of the Provin- 
cial Congress in 1775. That it was the territory border- 
ing on the Penobscot River, beginning at the head of 
the tide, running northerly covering a breadth of six 
miles on each side; that upon that action they must rest 
their claims. They then proposed an exchange by which 
they were to relinquish their claims to this tract for a 
larger tract farther up the river and two islands in the 
Bay better adapted to hunting, and urging as a reason 
for the exchange that when the lands back of this tract 
were settled they would be of no value for hunting. 

The Indians did not think it right that they should re- 
move further up the river. 

The Commissioners replied: "We are willing you 
should hold all the islands in the river you now improve, 
from Sunkhole to Passadunkee, which is three miles 
above Oldtown, together with Oldtown Islands and the 
lands on all the branches of tlie river above Passquat- 
aguess on the west side, and the Montawunskeag on the 
c.ist side of the river, together with White Island and 
Black I>l.ind in the Bay, if you will quit your right to 
the six miles wide from the river below." 

Tiie Indians said that they wanted a cross line at 
Passadunkee for their bound; that if they moved they 
cxpcc'.eJ lo be paid for it, and that they all wanted 
blankets, powder, shot, and flints. 

The Ciimmissioners agreed to give them three hundred 
and fil'ty blankets, two hundred pounds of powder and 
shot, ar.d flints in proportion — that number of blankets, 
they said, would affoid each of the tribe one. This was 
satisfactory, and all the Indians agreed to the jiroposition. 
Rev. Messrs. Little and Noble, Colonel Jonathan Eddy, 
and Mr. Jeremiah Colburn were called as witnesses. 

After receiving an admonition from the Commissioners 
not to "spread groundless reports of hostile intentions, 
but to carefully inform the inhabitants of anything neces- 
sary for their safety," they shook hands with the Commis- 
sioners, and "parted with general joy." 



The Commissioners sent on shore both breakfast and 
dinner lor the Indians. During the whole conference 
the Indians did not move from the spot where they first i 
seated themselves, or rise, except when they addressed 
the Commissioners, until at the close, when the four pub- i 
lie speakers — the chieftains — rose together. 

Mr. Little accompanied the Commissioners to Captain 
Brewer's. On the next Wednesday (30th) Mr. Little left 1 
Mr. Brewer's for the purpose of establishing schools 
among the Indians at a village near Mr. Colburn's,. above 
the head of the tide. On his way he had a conversation 1 
at Mr. Treat's with four Canadian Indians, who were < 
waiting to have their guns mended. After spending the ' 
night at Mr. Bradley's, he took his horse and rode to Mr. 
Colburn's, where he was disturbed on finding that a Mr. 
Burley, a young trader, had been selling rum to the In- 
dians and getting them drunk, on their way from the ' 
treaty. 

He found seven families in Mr. Colburn's neighbor- 
hood who were very poor and ignorant, and invited their 
children to attend school on the next day. 

On the I St of September he established his school at 
a place called "Ruinfeekhungus" (Arumpsunkungan). 
The number of children in attendance at this time he 
does not state, but he was so highly gratified with it that 
he called in some Indians who were passing to see how 
it was conducted, and the manner of reading and writing, 
and they seemed to be pleased. One Tennis was there, 
who understood some English, from whom he learned to 
pronounce the Indian numerals: Pausuck, one; neese, 
two; naush, three; yough, four; noUan or perence, five; 
nougnatunk or nequittance, six; tombousen, seven; san- 
suck, eight; holanway, nine; matselah, ten; hoquerto- 
mow, eleven; neesaunocow, twelve; sauncow, thirteen; 
youwauncow, fourteen; noUuncow, fifteen; causauncow, 
sixteen; tomborouscow, seventeen; sansakamsoncow, 
eighteen ; naulaw chusaconcow, nineteen ; neerenscow, 
twenty; the first ten of which he says he took from an 
Indian, and the last from an Englishman. 

On the next day Mr. Little had eleven scholars, all of 
whom but five knew a little more than their letters. A 
person — probably Mr. Ruthven, the French priest — 
dined with him, and admitted the usefulness of schools. 
He wished the Court would give him a right to land near 
Oldtown, on which he could reside and administer to the 
Indians, while the Protestant minister taught the school; 
said that he would attend the scliool himself and learn 
the English language. He attended Mr. Little's school 
that day. Notwithstanding all this seeming friendliness, 
Mr. Little appears to have had misgivings in regard to 
the real sentiments of the Indians and priest about his 
school. He endeavored, through Mr. Marsh, to ascer- 
tain what they might be. The jiriest passed another fore- 
noon with him, and promised to bring Orono to see him. 
Mr. Little felt the necessity of understanding the lan- 
guage, and, by the help of Mr. Marsh, translated the 
Lord's Prayer and made some acquaintance with the In- 
dian vocabulary. On the 5th of September he held a 
session of his school in the forenoon. Having waited in, 
vain for the priest and Orono until the afternoon of the 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



531 



6th, he rode down to Mr. Treat's in order to attend Mr. 
Noble's instalhnent. 

Mr. Noble was a clergyman who at the breaking out 
of the Revolution was in New Brunswick or Nova Scotia. 
He was a native of Westfield, Massachusetts, and was 
originally a Methodist, but became a Congregationalist. 
He was a patriot, and performed the duties of a chaplain 
under Colonel John Allen. He wrote a letter to Gen- 
eral Washington while in the East, setting forth the im- 
portance of holding the St. John River, and offering to 
take any position. Men, however, were not to be had, 
and the proposition could not be entertained. Mr. 
Noble was at Machias at the time of the repulse of Sir 
George Collier, and preached a sermon on the event.* 
After the Revolution the Government gave him a tract 
of three hundred acres of land in what is now Edding- 
ton, and in 1786 he came to Condeskeag with his wife 
and three children to reside. 

There was no organized church on either side of the 
Penobscot River, but there were several religious people 
who were members of churches in the places from which 
they came, and these had their influence with the people 
to employ Mr. Noble as a religious teacher. An arrange- 
ment was made with him at a stipend of $400 per year, 
and advantage was taken of Mr. Little's visit to have 
him installed. 

It was intended to have Mr. Powers (probably Rev. 
Peter Powers, w^ho was at Deer Isle) assist in the installa- 
tion, but on learning that he could not come it was con- 
cluded that, "considering the great trouble and expense 
of convening a council," Rev. Mr. Little should induct 
Mr. Noble into ofifice. 

Accordingly, on September 10, 1789, upon a platform 
laid upon barrels in a grove of magnificent oaks, not far 
from what is now the -intersection of Oak and Washington 
streets, overlooking the then broad and unobstructed Pe- 
nobscot, whose banks below were covered with almost un- 
broken woods, in the presence of a large and reverential 
assembly, the solemn ceremonies were performed. Mr. 
Little gave the pastoral charge and the right hand of 
fellowship, and, as he simply and quaintly says, " the 
people were satisfied, without offering any objections." 
Mr. Noble preached the sermon, and afterward adminis- 
tered the Lord's supper to Thomas Howard, Andrew 
Webster, Simon Crosby, and their wives, of Condes- 
keag, and John Brewer and Simeon Fowler, of New Wor- 
cester.! 

Mr. Noble was at this time forty-three years of age. 
He is described as "thin-faced, spare, not tall, of light 
complexion with a fresh countenance; active, quick, 
smart, and nervous — a very good preacher, "§ "a man of 
energy." J On March 27, 1787, the people of Sun- 
bury (as Mr. Noble had now taught them to call the 
place) were so well pleased with their jjreachers that, in 
a meeting for village purposes, they voted to build a 
meeting-house forty by thirty-six feet at Condeskge, and 

'Kidder's Eastern Maine, 129. 
•(•Rev. Mr. Little's Journal. Bangor Centennial, 42-3. 
§ Williamson's .Annals of Bangor. 
^Kidder's Eastern Maine, 139. 



Captain Budge, who was Moderator of the meeting with 
Mr. Smart, his brother-in-law, agreed to give an acre of 
land upon which it was to built. The people also vo:cd 
that the timber for the house should be twelve shillings 
per hundred, or tun, delivered. Nothing was acco:ii- 
plished, however, during the year, and on February 8, 
1789, a meeting of the inhabitants of the Plantation from 
Widow Wheelei's mills upwards, was called for March 2, 
to consult in regard to building a meeting-house and 
selecting a site for it, and for adopting some proper 
method for collecting the minister's salary. The meet- 
ing-house or site does not appear by the record to have 
received the slightest attention at the meeting, and the 
action in regard to the salary is recorded thus: "Voted 
Captain Abraharn Tourtellet to weight on the Selectmen 
of Orrington with our Selectmen, to consult on Mr. 
Noble's sallary." 

After the first year the ministerial enthusiasm in the 
community evidently had abated. It is probable they 
lost the respect for Noble to which his clerical character 
should have entided hini. His conversation was light, 
and he did not sustain the gravity becoming a minister. 
He had acquired army habits, and would take a dram 
with almost any one who invited him ; would laugh and 
tell improper anecdotes. The quantity of liquors bought 
by him of Robert Treat w-ould astonish a teniperance 
man.'* Yet he was able and eloquent, "so that one 
would tliink" (his Deacon Boyd says) "when he was in 
the pulpit that he ought never to leave it." "He was 
quite gifted in prayer, and often very eloquent in his ser- 
mons."! He used notes, some of which had the flavor 
of age. One of his sermons which is remembered, was 
preached in reference to the loss of his oldest son, Seth, 
and two of his neighbors' children, by shipwrecks late in 
the fall in the niidst of a thick snow-storm,' on their pass- 
age towards Boston, from the te.\t: "Is it well with thy 
husband; is it well with thy child; is it well with thee? 
And she said, It is well." It was full of pathos. 

He was fond of singing; had a fine tenor voice, and 
sang well himself He taught singing also, and Mr. 
Little found him one evening, a few weeks before his in- 
stallation, at a singing meeting at Mr. Nevers's. He also 
had the poetical afflatus. His first wife (Hannah Barker) 
died in 1791, and he dedicated a tribute to her memory, 
of which the following stanzas are a part; — 

"She was my friend, my guide, my enrtlily all; 

Love grew with every waning moon;— 
Ah ! Heaven through length of years delayed t'.i; c-'.l. 
And still, methinks, the call too scon. 

• * * • 

Not the gay splenders of an earthly court 

Could tempt her to appearand shine; 
Her solemn airs forbade the world's resort. 

But I was blest that she was mine."§ 

Mr. Noble lived in a log-house near the livcr, several 
rods northerly of Newbury street. His first meeting was 
at Nevers's house, which stood near the foot of that 
street. The indifference of the people in regard to his 
support; his free habits in regard to drink, and "moral 

*Bangor Centennial, 77. 

+ Williamson's .Annals. 

§ Bangor C'euteumal, 146. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



obliquity in anotiier respect" were the occasion of his 
leaving the place. He had probably discontinued his 
ministerial labors prior to April 4, 1792, for the inhabit- 
ants on that day met at Captain James Budge's for town 
purposes, and chose William Boyd and Nathaniel Harlow, 
Sr., a committee to hire a minister, and voted "66 Dol- 
lars, 66 Cents for the Gospel.'* 

The following letter was addressed by Mr. Noble to 
Colonel Jonathan Eddy, Major Robert Treat, Captain 
John Crosby, Mr. Elisha Nevers, and the rest of the Com- 
mittee chosen to make proposals to settle the Gospel on 
Penobscot River, June 7, 1786. 

Penobscot River, August 21st, 1790. 

Gentlemen: — Sundry attempts have been made for a settlement 
between the People and myself; but all to no effect. When I settled 
here I consented to accept of twenty pounds less than what was really 
necessary to support my family, because the people said they were 
poor; still, to release them of the burden, I have been at the expense to 
collect a great part of what has been collected. Very little thanks have 
I had for the trouble I have been .at. I was desired to draw a Bond for 
the People to sign for my support, which was rejected and another 
drawn (unknown to me) which hath deprived me of one-half the sum 
proposed. 1 am willing to do^n this and in all cases as I would be 
done by; but necessity constrains me to say, 1 must have my pay. I 
must further tell you I shall look to no other persons for a settlement 
but that committee which covenanted with me on June 7, 1786, to give 
me seventy pounds annual salary. What you then did is as binding as 
a note of hand. I am sorry to take any concise measures; but I tell 
you again, I must have my pay immediately. 

I am, gentlemen, with due respect. 

Your most obedient, humble ser\'ant. 

To the Committee. Seth Xoble. 

Mr. Noble evidently did not rely solely upon his salary 
for support. Among his letters to Colonel Eddy was 
found one, of which the following copy is evidence that 
he earned something outside of his pulpit; and that he 
was not probably more successful in obtaining his pay 
for the one service than for the other: 

Bangor, June 7, 1793. 

Sir: — I have a small account .against Jacob Bussell, Jr., which I 
would wish you to collect as soon as possible. I find his word is not to 
be regarded. Try easy means first; and if that will not do, put the 
law in force. 

To one quarter of a year's schooling, in 1792, one thous.and of the 
bast of shingles. Ditto, in 1793, si.v shillings, and one day's labor. 

If he will labor four days for me ne.Nt week, or when I shall call for 
him, I will accept of il; if not, sue him for si.\ shillings. 

To Colonel Jonathan Eddy. Seth Xoele. 

Mr. Noble married a second wife — Mrs. Ruhana 
Emery— April 11,1793. He removed his family to New- 
market, New Hampshire, in 1797, where he was hired to 
preach six months, on May 28, 1798. On November 
29> 1799. he removed to Westfield, the place of his nativ- 
ity. From there he removed to Montgomery, Massa- 
chusetts, where he was ordained November 4, iSoi. He 
continued there until 1S06, when he removed to Frank- 
linton, Ohio. His second wife died in Montgomery, in 
1 80s. He afterwards married Mary Riddle. He died 
September 15, 1807, aged sixty-four. [Colonel Porter's 
Memoirs of Eddy, 52, 53; Allen's American Biography, 
610.J 

To return from this digression. Rev. Mr. Little was in 

earnest in his intentions to instruct the Indians, but was 

not aware of the niagnitude of the obstacle in his way. 

The greater part of tw o centuries they had been under 

* Williamson's Annals. 



Ronian Catholic influence, and the plausible manner of i 
Ruthven, the priest, in assenting to the usefulness of j 
schools and in agreeing to propose them to the Indians, 
misled the hopeful missionary. But he was soon con- 1 
vinced of his error, as was a clergyman of a later] 
day. 

On the morning of the day after the installation, he sent J 
Mr. Marsh from Mr. Colburn's to Oldtown to ascertain whyi 
the Indians did not appear, and to invite them to a con-l 
ference at his lodgings. In the afternoon the priest ap- 
peared, saying that he had come from Passadunkee that 
day — forty miles; that the Indians had a grand council 
on the day before, and concluded not to have their chil- 
dren taught by an English school-master; that they were 
"jealous that their children would be taught a different 
religion," and that he was desired to come and inform 
hiin of the result of the council. The next morning Mr. 
Marsh confirmed what the priest had told him, and he| 
became satisfied of the uselessness of any further effortsj 
in that direction. 

Mr. Little came on foot from Mr. Colburn's tc Mr.' 
Treat's, six miles, where he dined and again met the 
French priest. He had a conversation with him in Latin, 
which he found the priest could speak pretty well. On 
the 15th he was again at Captain Brewer's, where he 
copied his Indian vocabulary while waiting for a passage 
down the river. By the ist of October he had returned 
to his home. 

In the .spring of 17S7 a tragedy occurred, which, but 
for the confidence of the Indians in the Government, 
would have placed the settlers in great peril. 

The facts, as related by Captain Brewer to Mr. Little, 
were that Andrew Gilman and an Indian named Peol, 
with his wife and her son by a foniier husband, went 
hunting together to Pushaw Lake, near which Peol had 
a camp. They were very successful, and deposited their 
furs in the camp. When they came to a division of the 
furs a dispute arose as to the share that each should re- 
ceive. Gilraan claimed one-half, but the Indian claimed 
that, as his squaw and boy (who was about sixteen years 
old) had skinned the game and cooked for the party, he 
was entitled to two-thirds. They then took some of the 
furs and went together to Mr. Treat's to buy some rum 
and reconcile the matter over a friendly drink. But the 
dispute continued. Peol and his wife returned to their 
camp, where the furs were lodged. Gilman remained 
about Treat's for a day or two, and engaged James Page, 
a young man about nineteen years of age, to go with him 
and get the fur. On reaching Peol's camp they found 
Archibald McPhetres, Jr., and an Indian named Sabattis, 
upon business of their own. These they hired to go to 
Treat's for more rum. On their return they all drank 
together, and Sabattis, considerably overcome, staggered 
about eight rods down to the lake and fell into his 
canoe and went to sleep. Gilman then demanded that 
the furs be divided into halves, which was agreed to 
peaceably. Then came up a new dispute in regard to 
some sable skins, and Page thrust himself into the con- 
troversy, which provoked Peol to wrath. Whereupon 
Gilman asks : 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



533 



"Will you, Page or McPhetres, help me carry off my 
furs to the canoes?" 

" I will go," McPhetres replied. 

While Oilman and McPhetres were conveying the furs. 
Page and Pool continued the dispute, and became so 
warm that Page struck Peol a blow with his fist. Upon 
which the Indian said to his wife and boy, "run," and 
they immediately fled into the woods for safety. While 
Gilman and McPhetres were stowing the furs in the 
canoes, they heard the report of a gun, and Gilman said: 

" I am afraid Page has killed Peol," and they both ran 
towards the camp, and meeting Page, Gilman asked : 

"Page, have you killed Peol?' 

"Yes," Page replied, "if I had not killed him he would 
have killed me." 

Gilman, Page, and McPhetres about midnight took the 
canoes and went down the pond, leaving Sabattis still 
asleep. 

In the morning Sabattis awoke, and finding only the 
dead body of Peol, he placed it in his canoe, and sought 
for the wife and boy. Having found her, he proceeded 
with her to Oldtown, and had hardly arrived when her 
son made his appearance from the woods, having swam 
the rivers. The tribe was in great excitement. The 
young men in a frenzy called for revenge, and begged to 
be permitted to go in pursuit of the murderers. The 
sachems said," No. We are under Massachusetts govern- 
ment. See wjiat the General Court will do first, then we 
shall know what to do." 

They immediately sent word to the first American 
settlement. Captain Brewer, who was a deputy sheriff, 
collected sufficient aid, and before night arrested Gilman, 
Page, and McPhetres, and the next day carried them be- 
fore Justice Simeon Fowler. The chiefs were present 
with the body of Peol, and the wound was examined. 
Upon the above facts the magistrate ordered the accused 
committed, and they were taken by Captain Brewer to 
gaol in Pownalboro. 

Mr. Williamson states that a few days previous to the 
time at which they were to be brought into court, a re- 
port was circulated among the Indians that the court was 
to be held a week later than it actually was, and as no 
witnesses appeared against the prisoners they were dis- 
charged. Gilman never returned to Penobscot. The 
result of this matter was the occasion of much heart- 
burning amongst the Indians. 

It will be recollected that the treaty made by the Com- 
missioners with the Indians in 1786 was not completed 
by the passing of the consideration and the transfer of 
the lands. Instead of acting promptly upon the agree- 
ment, the Government were so dilatory that when they 
actually sent an agent to ratify it, the other party were 
disposed to postpone it altogether. 

It was not until June, 1788, that the Massachusetts 
Government appointed its agent, and the person they se- 
lected was no other than Rev. Daniel Little. Whether 
his selection was the most judicious may be determined 
from the following narrative ; 

That gentleman arrived at Sunbury, as the place was 
then called, on June 17, and sent a formal request to the 



Indians at Oldtown, through Mr. Treat, the interpreter, 
to meet him at the head of the tide on Friday, the 
20th, to receive their blankets and other articles, and 
sign the deeds. Mr. Treat, with Mr. Colburn, visited 
them and gave them the notice. They took time to 
consider an answer, and finally told them that they had 
been down several times on public business; that their 
young men were apt to drink; that their number was 
large, and that it was most fit that the meeting should be 
at their town, and they should be glad to meet Mr. Little 
and any other person, as everything might be done coolly 
and calmly there. 

Mr. Little had some scruples as to whether he would 
not be compromising the dignity of the Government if 
he yielded to their request, and conferred with some of 
the principal gentlemen on the river in regard to it. 
They had but one answer. It was a condition not to be 
disregarded, if a conference was to be had at all. Ac- 
cordingly he notified the tribe that he would meet them 
as they proposed, on Saturday. 

Having requested Mr. Treat to provide him with a 
canoe and stores for temporary purposes, he proceeded 
to collect the witnesses to the treaty and other gentlemen 
of character acquainted with the Indians to accompany 
him. His company consisted of Captain Brewer, Mr. 
Fowler, Mr. Treat, Mr. Noble, Colonel Lowder, Mr. 
John Lee, and Mr. William Colburn. All things being 
in readiness, they set off from Mr. Treat's in the after- 
noon of the 1 8th, and, reaching Mr. Colburn's at night, 
they stopped with him. The next morning they crossed 
the Stillwater River to Marsh Island, and walked, 
says Mr. Little's journal, "through a trackless wood, 
about six miles, when Indian Oldtown, about two hun- 
dred acres, opened to view, with a thicket of houses on 
the lower point of said island, just above the Great Falls. 
Immediately upon our arrival, in open view of the town, 
a number of their canoes were manned with sprightly 
young men, in which they came over (about forty rods) 
to transport us into town. As we landed, their shore 
was lined with women and children. We walked u]3 to 
their parade, about fifteen rods from, the shore (a walk 
very smooth, about three rods in width, lined on each 
side with a range of houses, built with poles about six 
inches diameter and the same asunder, placed perpen- 
dicularly and covered very neatly with bark in shingle 
form), was introduced into their capital-house by a waiter 
who stood at the door; only one sachem in the House of 
Conference, who made us very welcome, directing us to 
take possession of one half the room, twenty by forty, 
which was carpeted with fur. Very soon came in all the 
sachems and placed themselves on the opposite side, 
which being divided by two poles from one end of the 
house to the other. Then about forty of their men of 
years placed themselves in rank next the sachems, and 
lastly an old man, about one hundred years, a former 
sachem, was introduced in memory of past services. 
They then fired a cannon abroad." 

The conference began. Mr. Little informed them that 
he had been appointed by the Government to confirm 
the treaty made with General Lincoln and others two 



S34 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



years before; that the blankets, etc., were ready for them 
at Condeskeag, and a deed of land in his liand was 
ready to be delivered to them as soon as they should 
sign the quit-claim of the lands of the river which he pre- 
sented to them. He recapitulated the agreement, which 
he called the witnesses to confirm, and explained clearly 
all the papers, and said that the Government was ready 
fully to comply with all the stipulations on their part. 
After half an hour of consultation apart, the Indians gave 
their reply through Orson Neptune, who spoke as follows: 

We are thankful to see Mr. Little and desire to be remembered to the 
Governor and Council, and we are glad to see all well here together. 
The King of France says we are all one — it is all peace; and the King 
of England says it is peace, though it was war some time ago. 

Brothers: — We are all one ; we don't talk of hunting one another. We 
live here to serve God ; we all live together. We and our children 
mean to help each other. We don't mean to take any lands from you. 
If anybody takes any lands from us, it must be King George, for Gen- 
eral Court and General Washington promised we should enjoy this 
country. General Washington and General Court told us if they knew 
anything was doing against us they would tell us. 

Brothers : — Now we are all here together. When we were at Condes- 
keag we had not a right understanding of these matters, and the young 
men were not all collected, and we were pressed to make that treaty 
contrary to our inclinations. 

Brother : — God put us here. It was not the King of France nor 
King George. We mean to stay on this island. The Great God put 
us here, and we have been on this island fi\e hundred years, .^nd we 
have been of the French King's religion, and mean to be so always. 
From this land we make our living. This is the general speech of all 
our young men. We don't know anything about writing. .'Ml that we 
know, we mean to have a right he.^rt and a right tongue. 

Brother ; — We don't incline to do anything about the treaty made at 
Condeskeag, or that w-riting. 

The speaker then turned to the interpreter, Mr. Treat, 
and said: 

" Is not Mr. Little a minister ? " 

The reply being in the afifinnative, he turned to Mr. 
Little and said : 

" Brother, minister ought not to have anything to do 
with public business about lands." 

Mr. Little replied that they must remember what 
General Lincoln told them, that they now held the lands 
from the Massachusetts Governnient; that in a former 
war, in Governor Pownall's day, they lost all their lands 
here, but that the Government in 1775 gave them six 
miles on each side of the river; that their claim rested 
on this, and that they assented to it; that the chiefs who 
were present were at Conduskeag, and that the chiefs 
always spoke for the whole tribe, and that in regard to his 
being a priest he was not present as such, but as a Com- 
missioner. He then asked again whether they would not 
abide by the agreement made at Conduskeag, and pre- 
sented the deed for their signatures. They said in an- 
swer : 

" We have put our names to many papers at Albany, 
New York, and elsewhere, but will not put our hands to 
that paper now nor any other paper forever hereafter." 

Mr. Little then told them that, notwithstanding their 
refusal, the Government would abide by the treaty and 
expect them to; and that if they did not they must not 
expect prosperity from Heaven or favors from Govern- 
ment. He referred to Peol's death, and assured them 
justice would be done; that a court would he held in 
about two weeks by four or five great and good men, and 



they could send their chief and witnesses at the chargej 
of the Government; but that they would want proof oj 
what was done in Peol's camp. They expressed thai 
selves gratified at the care that Government had given' 
the matter, and thought that the court at Kennebec 
would do justice in the case. 

The conference continued about four hours, during 
which not a smile was seen upon any of their counte- 
nances, or a word was spoken, except by their orator and 
an occasional prompting. In the midst of the confer- 
ence, at 12 o'clock, the bell rang, and they "made a com- 
posed mental prayer for about ten minutes, when they 
appealed to Heaven as having given them a secure right 
to the soil, all the sachems rose from the ground on 
which they sat, and stood in a posture for a minute ex- 
pressive of an appeal to the Great God for the truth of 
their declarations." No strong drinks were used by either 
party during the visit. 

Neither women nor children were seen or heard during 
the conference. A request to see the tribe paraded and 
numbered was declined. No complaint was made of in- 
juries received; the death of Peol was not even alluded 
to until Mr. Little introduced it, and no favor was asked 
of the Government. The chiefs waited on Mr. Little's 
party to the water, and the parting was most friendly.. 
The young men took them over the river again in their 
canoes, a cannon was fired, and other marks of friendship 
manifested. 

The next day being Sunday, there were religious ser- 
vices at Mr. Treat's. Mr. Noble preached in the fore- 
noon and Mr. Little in the afternoon. After the services 
Orono came in from Oldtown and told Mr. Little that, 
in council the evening before, the tribe concluded to 
send neither sachem nor witnesses to Kennebec — that 
the young men were going on a new hunt — that Peol's 
widow and sons were at Passamaquoddy, and they should 
leave the matter of his death with the court and be satis* 
fied with the result. Orono added that Peol's wife had 
two sons and one daughter, no father, mother, or brother 
living, and her last infant was dead. 

Before parting with Orono, Mr. Little hinted that if 
the tribe wished to renew their conference with him, he 
should be on the river about a week or ten days longer. 

He saw him afterwards at Mr. Brewer's, but no propo- 
sition for the renewal of negotiations was again made by 
Orono or any of the tribe. 



ji 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



S35 



CHAPTEI^ IV. 

Jonathan Eddy— Grant of Land to Him and Others — Some Account 
of Him — His Settlement upon the Penobscot and De^th — Popula- 
tion of New Worcester in 1785— Incorporation of Orrington— Story 
of its Name — Two Meeting-houses — Settlement of Hampden — 
Benjamin Wheeler— His Grist-mill — Wheelerborough — Frankfort 
from Belfast to the Sowadabscook — Assessment on the Inhabitants 
on the Westerly Side of the River in 1784— Meeting-house in Hamp- 
den— "Condeskge" — "Sunbury"— Action of the Inhabitants for Sev- 
eral Years— Captain James Budge, James Turner, General Boyd, Na- 
thaniel Harlow — Incorporation of Bangor — Settlers — Farms on the 
Kenduskeag — Fish — Hammond & Smart Erect a Saw-miU on the 
Kenduskeag— {66.66 Raised for the Gospel— Agents .\ppointed to get 
Title to Land for Settlers— Rev. Thomas Hall— Mode of Crossing 
the River. 

1785 to 1800. Jonathan Eddy, with nineteen others, 
received a grant of 9,360 acres of land north of and 
adjoining the Brewer tract from the Commonwealth June 
29, 1785. By the terms of the grant each settler was to 
erect a dwelling house u|)on his lot within two years. 
These jiersons had been residents of Nova Scotia. 
Colonel Eddy was a native of Norton, now Mansfield, 
Massachusetts, and had resided in Nova Scotia ten years. 
He had been a member of the Assembly, was Provost 
■Marshal in 1769, and was Sheriff of the county of Cum- 
berland, and in 1776 was at the head of an attemjit to 
take Fort Cumberland on Chignecto Bay. The attemjn 
was unsuccessful, and he, with his party, was obliged to 
flee.* Colonel Allan had endeavored to dissuade him 
from this attempt because of the insufificiency of his 
force, but in vain, f The consequence was that the in- 
habitants were involved in great distress. A reward of 
;^20o was offered by the Council of Nova Scotia for the 
apprehension of Eddy. He was brave, active, and 
patriotic, and led another expedition to Nova Scotia, by 
direction of Massachusetts, but nothing was accom- 
plished. 

There had been settlers upon the townshij) prior to 
17S4, and in 1778, by an act of the Legislature, the wild 
lands were exempted from taxation for ten years from 
the date of the State's deed; and every permanent set- 
tler previous to 1784 was to have a title to a lot so laid 
out as best to include his improvements on the payment 
of five dollars. 

Colonel Eddy settled in his townshijj, and when it was 
incorporated as a town, in iSii, it was named Edding- 
ton in compliment to him. His death occurred in Au- 
gust, 1804, at the age of seventy-eight. 

The population of "New Worcester" in 1785 was 188; 
39 men, 34 women, and 115 children. 

There was a village or plantation organized, probably 
pretty early after the first settlement. The following 
records are evidence of this: 

31 March. 1786. James Ginns marke of his stoke [stock] is a crop 
and slit in the Rite yeare and Crop and a hole in the left. 

31 March, 1786. Mr. Eben Whealdon's Marke for his stoke is a Crop 
in the write yeare and a happaney 'half-penny] on the under side. 

James Dunning and Anna Tomb [l"homs[ Both of Penobscot River 
in County Lincoln was Published the 21 October. 1786 Jas. Ginn. T. 
Clerk. 

Mr. Jacob Euzell was Published to the Widow Sarah Mansel the 
27th August, 1786. Jas. Ginn. T. Clerk. 

*Murdock Nova Scotia, 11., 578-8. 
tKidders' Eastern Maine, 12. 



Joshua Severans and Elizabeth Snow, Both of New Worcester, was 
Published 14 April, 1787. Jas. Ginn, T. Clerk. 

Joseph Plympton and the Widow Jeune Borton, Both of this Town 
was published the 4 Jan. 1788. 

The following table contains the names of the settlers 
on March 7, 1785, with the quantity of acres in his lot 
and when and by whom it was settled : 



Occupant March 7, 1785. 


c 
3 
n 


> 




3 
75 

n 
1 


By Whom Settled. 


Town Lot 


100 
100 
200 
100 
100 
200 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

TOO 
100 

150 
lOO 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 

100 
200 

150 
150 

100 
100 
100 

■25 

100 








1772 
1772 
1770 
1773 
1773 
1773 
1777 
1777 
•775 
17/6 
1774 
1774 
1774 
1773 
•774 
■774 
1774 
1773 
1772 

•774 
•774 
•774 
1777 
•777 
1772 
1772 
1772 

•773 
1771 

•77' 
1771 
1772 
1772 

•771 
1770 




Ebenezer Wheelden 


Moses Wentworlh. 




.Major Edward More. 
Ephraim Downs. 


Ephraim Downs. 




Nathaniel Clarke 


Noah Downs. 
J esse Cole, J r. 
Henry Cole. 
Paul Nickerson. 
Eliphal.t Nickerson. 




Paul Nickerson 

Eliphalet Nickerson 




Joseph Carey. 




Set off Lot 

Oliver Doane 


\'oted by Town. 
James McCurdy. 
James McCuidv. 








Peter iSangster* 


Jeremiah Coburn. 
Samuel Rogers. 


Jesse Rogers 


Nathaniel Pierce 


John Carle. 
James Deane. 
Joseph Carey. 
Solomon Sweat. 
James Rice. 


Samuel Freeman 

Widow Hannah Carey 

Solomon Sweat 

Benjamin Snow 








Benjamin Wheeler. 




lames Shirley.. 


James Shirley. 
Robert McCiirdy. 
Josiah Brewer. 
Jonathan Pearce. 


Robert McCurdy 




Ldward 'Smith 


David Wiswell 




lames Ginn. 


Peter Sangster. 


John Brewer 


John Brewer. 



•Peter Sangster, a foreigner, died with.out heirs here, and his lot 
escheated to the State. 

Measures were taken to j^rocure the incorjroration of 
the town after the arrangement with Knapp and asso- 
ciates. A meeting was held, and after the preliminaries 
for application to the Legislature were settled, the ques- 
tion of a name came up, and Captain John Brewer or 
Captain James Ginn, who was Clerk, and remarkable for 
both his chirograpliy and orthography, suggested that it 
be Orangetown — the name of a town of which he was a 
native or had knowledge. It being approved, Ginn in- 
serted it in the petition "Orrington." Parson Noble, who 
was employed to procure the act of incorporation, being 
an orator, poet, and inusician, was pleased with the eu- 
phony of the word, and, although he was aware of Cap- 
tain Ginn's intention, yet he concluded he bad no author- 
ity to interfere with his mode of expressing it, and to 
the captain's surprise, no doubt, when tlie name came 
into common use there was a little want of harmony in 
regard to it betwixt his ear and his eye. 

Knapp and associates demonstrated against the incor- 
poration of the town, and thereby procured exemption 
from taxation for seven years. The whole tract which 
embraces the three towns of Orrington, Brewer, and 
Holden, was incorporated as Orrington on March 21, 



5^6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



1788, and was the fifty-second town incorporated in 
Maine. 

Many of the people in Orrington had a regard for 
religious observances, and voted to build two meeting- 
houses forty by forty-two feet on front lots. They were 
built seven miles apart — one near the ferry between Or- 
rington and Hampden; the other a mile above the ferry 
between Brewer and Bangor. After they were boarded 
and shingled, the pew ground in both houses was sold for 
a sum sufifirient to finish them in a "decent manner and 
paint one of them." It was then voted to paint the 
other. These houses were without steeple or tower — 
very unpretending, but very conspicuous. They were 
used for the purposes for which they were built during, 
perha])s, half a century, after which the northerly one 
was used for a stable for a while, and then demolished, 
and the southerly one was used ns a town house until 
1871. 

The people were divided in religious sentiment; those 
of the southerly half being generally Methodists, and 
those of the northerly half generally Congregationalists. 
There were periods when there was much intolerant 
feeling between the two sections, but happily, in the 
march of Christian principle, the feeling has to a great 
degree, if not altogether, subsided. 

It is a matter of some question when Hampden was 
first settled. It is agreed that Benjamin Wheeler, who 
was originally from Durham, New Hampshire, was the 
first settler. By referring to the table of the first settlers 
in Orrington, it will be seen that Benjamin Wheeler set- 
tled there in 1772, on a farm which, in 1785, belonged to 
Samuel Wiswell. Did he not first take up a lot in Or- 
rington, and afterwards relinquish it for the purpose of 
occupying the mill privilege on the Sowadabscook? 

He erected a log cabin on the left bank of the stream, 
which then flowed down on the northerly side of the 
Island, as it is called, and built the first grist-mill ever 
erected above Fort Point, in 1776-77, where no one now 
would suppose any man in his senses would build a mill, 
over the ledge on the northerly side of the island; and 
there the corn and grain of the neighbors, from those 
next door to those a dozen miles distant, were ground, 
until one morning the mill was found high and dry; the 
water having on one night taken advantage of a slight 
passage in the gravel on the southerly side of the island, 
which had been made for the purpose of erecting mills 
upon that side, to work out for itself a channel through 
which large vessels were to sail for many years. 

But, notwithstanding the river had taken a freak to 
change its course, it still ran, and presented to the enter- 
prising miller a belter mil-site than that which it had 
abandoned — one which he did not fail to appropriate. 
About the mills of Wheeler the ])eople settled apace, 
and, in coui])liment to the first settler, called the 
hamlet Wheelerborough. But this was at length found 
too inconvenient a name for a numerous population to 
use. The territory beginning at Belfast and terminating 
at Sowadabscook Stream in 1789 was embraced in the 
Plantation of Frankfort, which at one time had its prin- 
cipal settlement at Sandy Point. In 1784, ten years be- 



fore Hampden was incorporated, it is probable that the 
name "Wheelerborough" was applied to the river terri- 
tory of Hampden for some distance below Wheeler's Mills j 
and that Condeskeag Plantation tp that abave Wheeler-' 
borough was organized for village purposes probably pret-j 
ty early after its first settlement, and appears to haveJj 
assessed ta.xes on the west side of the river, all the wayfl 
from Marsh Bay to the most northerly settlement, for the 
purpose of paying for Jeremiah Colburn's lot. 

Mr. Rlihu Hewes, who was in Orrington in 1772 (and 
before that settled on an island at the mouth of the river, 
then owned by Isaac Winslow, Esq., containing six or 
seven thousand acres, |)robably Orphan Island), was in 
1784 in Wheelerborough, and made the following list ofi| 
persons upon whom the taxes were assessed. He says: ■ 

These .ire sums due from the inhabitants to them that bought Jerel 
miah Colburn's lot for the town, May. 1784. and to be paid in the hands! 
of the Committee of Safely by the first day of July next; by a vote of I 
and order of the town at their meeting ye 27 May. 1784. 

Elihu Hews, town clerk. j 

(This was a tax of 3s. 6d. on each toll H. 

Clark, Ephriam Grant, James Grant, Adam Grant, William • 

Grant, Thomas Linen, Hatevil Colson, James Colson, Stephen Little 
field. Thomas Down. Noah Downs, Piiul Downs, William Sullivan 
John .^Idersham, Joshua Harding, Daniel Tibbetts, Benjamin Higgins, 
Simon Smith, James Mayo, Nathaniel Mayo, Nathaniel Myrick, Dan- 
iel Whiting, Thomas Harding, Isaac Hopkins, Freeman Knowles, 
Jona Philbrook, Jesse Harding. James Philbrook, Moses Baker. Reur 
ben Newcomb, .\ndrew Grant, Elisha Grant, Gooden Grant, .Andrew 
Patterson. Samuel Patterson, Bangs Ballard, Jona Pease, John Miller, 
Gustavus Swan, Nalium Emery, Benjamin Wheeler, Joseph Pomroy, 
John Crosby, Ebenezer Crosby, Elihu Hewes, Simeon Groton, Abner 
Crosby, John Emery, Samuel Cary, Benjamin Smith, Simon Crosby, 
Ebenezer Mayo, Thomas Low, James Emery, Jacob Dennett, James 
Dunning, Joseph Potter. John Smart, Jacob Bussell, Thomas Howard, 
William Tibbetts, Abner Tibbetts, George. Tibbetts, Isaac Bussell, An- 
drew Mayhew, .Xndrew Webster, .Abram Allen, .Ashbel Harthorn, 
Robert Treat, Joseph Page, Joseph Page, Jr., Isaac Page, Abraham 
Tourtelott. Archibald McPhetres, Abraham Frees, Silas Harthorn 
Reuben Simpson. 

At this tiine Benjamin Wheeler occupied the Stream 
lot. Elihu Hewes was his nearest neighbor. Nahum 
Emery occupied the lot on the right hand of the road 
near the top of the hill between the two villages, before 
reaching the Town House lot, upon which latter a meet- 
ing-house was built, nearly resembling those upon the 
opposite side of the river. This house had its sounding- 
board, high pulpit, galleries, square pews, and — no ap- 
pointment for heating in the winter, as some now living 
can testify. Il was built, probably, at a later day than 
the others, but like them, in its old age it fell from its 
high estate. It had no steeple. It was not in fashion. 
It was used for town purposes, for caucuses, for levees, 
for jollifications, and finally was demolished to make way 
for the present fine Town House. Andrew Grant lived 
on the southern declivity of the iiill on the same side of 
the road, Reuben Newcomb on the other side of the road, 
in the field below Pitcher's Brook. Moses Baker was a 
tanner at Bald Hill Cove. Gooden Grant kept a tavern 
a little noith of Hampden Upper Corner, and Simeon 
Gorton and Ebenezer Crosby lived on the back road, 
about half way between the Sowadabscook and Condes- 
keag Stream^. John Crosby lived on the southerly and 
westerly side of the Sowadabscook, on the hill overlook- 
ing the water, and easterly of the intersection of the 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



537 



county road with the street leading to the long wharf. 
He settled in Hampden in 1775, three j^ears after his 
father settled in Bangor. 

When Captain Budge removed to Bangor he occupied 
a log house near the intersection of Oak and Washington 
streets, overlooking the I'enobscot. He afterwards built 
a one-story fr.ime house on the northerly side of York 
street, a few rods northerly of Oak street — now Stetson 
Square. Tiie Plantation and town meetings were held 
at his liouse for ten or twelve years afterward. 

On March 27, 1787, the people of Condeskge assem- 
bled there and chose him Moderator, Andrew Webster 
Town Clerk, Jacob Dennet, Isaac Frees, and Simon 
Crosby Committee, John Budge Treasurer, and the pio- 
neer, Jacob Bussell, "Tithenman," and "voted Andrew 
Webster, Philip Lovejoy, and William Holt is hog Reafts, 
and that "hogs shall Run at Large Being well yoked," 
and that "every hog the hog Reaft yoaks shall have 4 
shillings; and voted to Buld a Meating house forty and 
thirty-six feet large," and "that the meating house Shall 
be Bult at Condeskge;" and "Mr. Budge and Mr. Smart 
agreed to gave an acor of Land to the town to Set the 
meating house on;" and "voted that the timber for the 
meating house is to be 12 shillings Per hundred or tun 
Delivered at the s])ot where the house is to be Bult." 

It was in "Sunbury" that the inhabitants met on 
March 3, 17SS, and elected a part of their officers. Of 
course Andrew Webster was again elected Clerk. Mr. 
Robert Treat was Moderator at this meeting, and Thomas 
Howard was elected culler of hoops and staves, ai^ 
Jeremiah Colburn and others surveyors of roads. The 
meeting was adjourned to April 10, when Captain James 
Budge, Silas Harthorn, and Archibald McPhetres were 
chosen Selectmen, Levi Bradley ("oUector, and Daniel 
Cam|)bell Fish Committee and Church Warden, and it 
was "voted that hogs is to run at large being well yoaked." 

The iiihaliitants of " Penobscot River on the west 
side" met again on October 6, 1788, and chose Simeon 
Gorton (who lived nearer the Sowadabscook than the 
Condeskeag), Thomas Howard, Abraham Tourtelott, 
and .Archibald McPhetres, Assessors, and John Crosby 
(who lived near the Sowadabscook) and Robert Treat 
(who lived near the head of the tide), Collectors. 

At the annual meeting, on March 2, 1789, the inhab- 
itants, besides their action in regard to "Mr. Noble's 
Sallary," elected Captain James Budge Surveyor of 
Highways, and "voted four days to be worked on the 
hiway this year for every man," and that "every man that 
Dent work on the hiway is to Pay 6s. Per Day." 

On June 30 it was voted to raise ^10 to defray 
"Plantation Charges," and to raise "tax No. 7" this year. 

Mr. Budge was a prominent man at this time in the 
Plantation, as may be su))posed from the positions he 
occupied. He was the owner of the lot where he lived, 
— the City Point lot, — containing one hundred acres, 
with the point which, during that generation, was famil- 
iarly known as Budge's Point. As has been said, he was 
a man of much business ability ; and he was a ready 
and fluent speaker. He succeeded Captain Edward 
Wilkins as captain of the militia company organized after 

68 



the Revolutionary War below the Penjejawock Stream, 
Mansell being captain of that above. Physically he was 
rather stout. Ten or twelve years after the war he be- 
came involved in debt, and as the facilities for drowning 
trouble were everywhere at hand, he resorted to them 
until he became a pitiable wanderer. He finally became 
deranged, and so continued until a few.weeks before his 
death, w^hen "his reason was fully restored, and he ex- 
pressed a willingness to resign a life which, he said, had 
been as troublesome to himself as to his friends." He 
died at Garland, May 13, 1827, at the age of seventy-six. 
\\'hile living his unfortunate street life in Bangor, he 
was famous for rhyming, and for another habit which was 
sometimes inconvenient to people having trifling aiticles 
of property lying carelessly exposed. But he was not 
without wit, and his delinquencies were good-naturedly 
borne with. Mr. Thomas Bartlett, a worthy and witty 
dealer, once made an effort to protect his goods by pre- 
senting hmi with a goodly quantity of fine fish, on con- 
dition that he should steal none. The captain took 
them and went away, apparently delighted. But he soon 
returned and surprised and amused his compromising 
friend by throwing down the fish and saying : — 
"Here, Bartlett, take your fish. I can do better!" 
A building, the lower story of wOiich was occupied by 
a trader who was a Federal politician, and by the family 
of a lame citizen, and the upper story by the fashionable 
tailor, John Reynolds, Esq., he made the subject of a 
piece of his doggerel, which may be taken as a specimen 
of all his rhymes : — 

Doun by ihe shore 

There i.s a store 
Occupied by a Fed. 

I'routy. the lame. 

Lives in the same, 
-And Reynolds overhead. 

Prouty was the same individual who afterwards resided 
in Hampden, just below the Bangor line, and remon- 
strated against a proposition to set off that part of 
Hampden to Bangor because of the unhealthiness of the 
latter place. 

Rev. Lemuel Norton, in his autobiography, published 
in 1 86 1, says that he was an apprentice in 1800, with 
David Jones Waters, editor of the Castine Gazette, and 
that Mr. Waters was appointed a deputy Sheriff and 
took charge of the jail, and that he (Norton) had to con- 
vey to the prisoners their food ; that among the prison- 
ers was "James Budge, a man forty-five years of age, who 
was brought down the river from Bangor, who owned a 
large part of the land on which the city now stands. This 
Major Budge, as he was called, was a notorious drunk- 
ard and dangerous man, so much so that his wife swore 
her life against him and had him put into prison." The 
Rev. Mr. Norton states that he detected the prisoner in an 
enterprise which indicated that he was possessed of in- 
genuity and industry enough when himself This was an 
attempt to release himself from jail. When discovered 
his work was so far advanced that he would have 
probably been out tliat night. \\'ith a knife and a 
file he had removed the sheet iron from the door and 
made a hole almost through, large enough for the pas- 



538 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



sage of his body. He had been at work upon it for 
weeks, and removed the wood in small pieces, which he 
found means to convey to the exterior of the building. 
Accidentally Norton got sight of two or three pieces on 
the floor which awakened his suspicions, and he then 
went outside of the jail and came upon a pile of "hacks 
or small chips, as large as a winrow of hay, as much as 
ten or twelve feet long." This led to Budge's being 
placed in more secure quarters. After some weeks "he 
having greatly improved and become humble and peni- 
tent, his friends came and took him out of prison and 
carried him liome to Bangor." Mr. Norton closes his 
notice thus: "He was a man of strong intellectual 
powers, rather a good scholar, and something of a poet ; 
wrote a great deal, made some excellent poetry — but 
rum, that demon rum, which destroys its thousands every 
year, destroyed him, got the mastery over him, and 
probably ruined him fur this world and for that which is 
to come." 

Some time |)rior to 1791, before the forests had been 
to any great extent removed, there came to Bangor a 
Frenchman, who was called Junin.* He established 
himself in a log hut on the river-side about twenty rods 
above where the Central Railroad station now is. In 
this hut he lived and carried on a traffic with the Indians. 
He had with him a neiihew, Louis Perrin or Perrinneau. 
His business was what was called a trucking busmess; 
that is, an exchange traffic, where little or no money was 
used. His stock consisted of guns, ammunition, rum, 
blankets, blue and red broadcloth, ribbons, plumes, 
green and red baize, and a variety of other goods, which 
he exchanged for furs. He appeared to be doing busi- 
ness solely on his own account, and was supposed to have 
considerable means. 

On the evening of February 18, 1791, his nephew, in 
a state of ap])arent excitement, rushed into the house of 
Mr. Jacob Dennet, who lived a few rods westerly, and 
expressed alarm for his uncle, as there were Indians about 
from whom he was in danger and he feared they would 
kill him. He remained a short time, and soon after he 
left the report of a gun was heard. Afterwards Junin's 
house was visited, and he was found dead in his bed with 
two bullet-holes through his brains. 

The murder naturally created great excitement among 
the settlers. Jacob Dennet, John Dennet, Elisha May- 
hew, John Emery, and John Emery, Jr., searched the 
woods for the Indians, but found none. It is probable 
that, if Indians perpetrated the murder, they knew better 
where to conceal themselves than their hunters knew 
where to find them. 

An inquest on the body was held. 

On the next day after the murder, Jonathan Eddy, 
Esq., who lived about four miles above, on the easterly 
side of the river, issued his warrant to Abraham Tour- 
tellott, a constable, to summon thirteen good men legally 
qualified to hold an inquest. The persons summoned 
were Captain Thomas Campbell, Major Robert Treat, 
Captain James Budge, Captain John Rider, William 
Flympton, Robert Hickborn, Andrew Webster, John 

■^.Sometimes J unot. 



Smart, William Hasey, Elijah Smith, Nathaniel Harlow, 
and Abraham Allan, who were sworn as jurors. 

The jury soon came to the conclusion that Junin was 
killed, for there was the evidence of two shot-holes ■ 
through his head, plain to be seen. It took them longer 1 
not to determine who killed him. Indians or Louis' 
probably committed the murder. It was a locality for 
Indians, and it was proved that muskrat skins were dis- 
covered scattered about the house at the time Junin was 
found dead. It was proved also that Louis went to the 
house of Dennet, as above stated. As Indians could 
not be found, notwithstanding the assertion of Louis 
before the murder that they were "about," it was thought 
that Louis must have been the murderer to obtain his 
uncle's property. The jury had not the actual evidence 
that he was the murderer, and they returned the verdict 
that there was probable cause for the belief that " Louis 
Parronneau " committed the murder. 

Whether or not there were any other facts to influence 
public opinion than what have come down to us, it ap- 
pears to have concurred witli the verdict of-the jury.* 

On the 23d of February, Jona. Eddy, Esq., and Simeon 
Fowler, Esq., issued their warrant for the arrest of Louis, 
and as he had not absented himself, he was taken by 
deputy Sheriff Joshua Woodbury before them. After 
examination they issued their tnittimus for his committal 
to the goal in Pownalborough (now Dresden) then the 
shire town of the county of Lincoln, in which Bangor, 
was. 

• The French Consul at Boston was made acquainted 
with the case, and interested himself in behalf of Louis, 
and used all his influence to procure an acquittal. Why 
he should have done this, if from examination he had 
reason to believe him guilty, is a question not easy to 
answer. Louis was defended by two of the most emi- 
nent counsel of the Kennebec and Lincoln Bars, the 
distinguished barrister, John Gardiner, Esq., and General 
AVilliam Lithgow, Jr., and was acquitted. 

From the strong circumstantial evidence, the tradition 
is that the people held him guilty; and some believed 
that he got off to France with the fruits of his robbery; 
and that he escaped directly after the murder was com- 
mitted. But of what became of him after his acquittal 
we have no record or tradition. 

The body of Junin was laid in the burial ground at' 
the intersection of Oak and Washington streets (where 
the Hinckley & Egery Iron Foundry now is), and his 
headstone was standing early in the century. 

Two individuals, who afterward became prominent 
citizens of the town, established themselves at Condeskeag 
between 1787 and 1791. They were William Boyd from 
Bristol, Maine, and Nathaniel Harlow from Plymouth, 
Massachusetts. The former was a ship-carpenter, the 
latter a pump- and block-maker. Mr. Harlow had been 
into the West, and explored the country previous to 
settling here. He preferred Condeskeag to any place he 
had seen. He saw in the West houses built of hewn tim- 

* Tliere is a tradition that Louis slept with the Dennet boys that 
night, and slioult and trembled badly, which was construed as evidence 
against him. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



539 



ber, and built one similar on the side hill, near where 
the First Baptist meeting-house now stands, which he oc- 
cupied iintil his means enabled him to build the two- 
story frame-house which now stands in the rear of the 
First Baptist Chapel. 

The population slowly increased. It had reached the 
number of one hundred and fifty, or thereabouts. The 
people were ambitious. They were not content with the 
primitive organization of the Plantation of that day. 
Their incorporation as a town would give them dignity, 
and peradventure in many ways advance their interests. 
They resolved that the sunny banks of their river, to 
which the aesthetic Parson Noble had given the fitting 
name Sunbury, should with their inhabitants be incor- 
porated and bear the name legally, and delegated that 
reverend gentleman to proceed to the General Court at 
Boston, and procure an act of incorporation. But he 
was fond of music — he was a singer — the minor key was 
very appropriately in vogue in this locality during the 
Revolution and for a generation afterwards, and the 
music set to the words — 

Hark, from the tombs a doleful sound ! 

Mine ears, attend the cry — 
Ye living men, come view the ground 

Where you must shortly lie ; 

which bore the name of Bangor, so haunted his im- 
agination, and was often breathed through his lips, that 
he felt it to be more euphonious and a more fitting name 
for the town than Sunbury. He therefore substituted it, 
and the act incorporating the town of Bangor was passed 
on February 25, 1791. It has never been hinted that his 
constituents were dissatisfied with his conduct, and to 
this day the name has been satisfactory to all its people. 

With its incorporation Bangor received a new impetus. 
Mr. Treat had been successful in his traffic. From the 
poultry trade he derived enormous profits. His means 
were sufficient to enable him to go into the business of 
ship-building. He employed Mr. Boyd as master-car- 
penter, and in 1 79 1 laid the keel of a vessel, which in 
two years was ready to receive her rigging and sails. 
Mr. Treat had the opportunity to avail himself of the 
craft of Mr. Harlow for [jumps and blocks ; that of Mr. 
Timothy Crosby, son of Simon, for masts and spars; 
and that of Mr. Jacob Dennett for boats. This vessel 
was the first, larger than a boat, ever built in the region 
of Bangor.* 

About 1794, several farms were commenced on the 
banks of the Condeskeag. William Potter had the farm 
whose westerly line was near Lover's Leap, and was sub- 
sequently owned and occupied by Francis Carr, more re- 
cently by Simon Norvell, afterwards, so much as remained 
of it, by Captain Thomas Norvell, his son ; then by Mr. 
Frank H. Lowell, and now by Mr. Johnson, from 
New York, .\aron Clark commenced a farm a mile 
further up the stream, near what are now the Hatch 
or Merrill Mills. Samuel Sherburne took up a lot at the 
intersection of the Six-Mile-Falls and Pushaw roads. 
But agriculture did not occupy all the attention of the 

•Jacob McGaws Sketch of Bangor, in Library of Maine Historical 
Society. 



farmers. The winters were long; timber was abundant, 
and they were tempted to engage themselves in the pro- 
duction of what has ever since been the chief staple of 
this region — lumber. William Potter had built a small 
mill on the fall under Lover's Leap as early as 17S6, 
and Clark, Sherburne, and others could do no less than 
contribute their share of shingles for the market. Fish, 
too, began to be a marketable commodity. The streams 
were full of them. Salmon, shad, and alewives were 
taken under Lover's Leap, at the mouths of the Manta- 
wassuck, Segeunkedunk, and Sowadabscook Streams, 
and at Penobscot Falls. Vessels began to frequent the 
river, and the surplus lumber and fish of the inhabitants 
were taken at remunerative prices. 

No record was made of the quantity or value of the 
fish taken at Bangor in any one year, but between thirty 
and four hundred barrels of slrad and alewives were usu- 
ally taken at one tide at each of the several fishing places 
or eddies — the average would be from seventy-five to 
one hundred barrels. At Treat's Falls sometimes forty 
salmon were taken in a day. 

The fishing season, in the spring, continued about five 
weeks ; time of greatest plenty, two weeks. Salmon were 
taken during three months at least, but they were not 
abundant.* From $1 to $1.25 per barrel were paid from 
the vessels for alewives, and what were then considered 
fair prices for shad. Newburyport vessels were engaged 
in the trade and took large quantities of fish to the 
Southern markets and the West Indies for plantation pur- 
poses. 

In 1795 William Hammond and John Smart erected a 
saw-mill at the head of the tide on the Condeskeag, 
where the Morse & Co. mills now are. There was a 
great supply of good lumber upon the stream, which con- 
tinued to supply the mills there until about the year 
1850. 

Game was found in great abundance along the banks 
of this river. There are those living who had fine sport in 
hunting moose and the larger animals of the forest, as 
well as birds and smaller game. Besides the fish men- 
tioned, bass were plenty in the Penobscot, and sturgeon, 
which were esteemed of no value for food, made havoc 
with the seines of the fishermen. They were, however, 
made use of in furnishing sport for the boys. \Vhen 
caught a rope would be attached to their tail, and they 
would be returned to the water and used as a motive 
power for the boats, which they drew very swiftly until 
they became exhausted, and then, like any other tired 
draft animal, had to be urged forward by slicks. J 

The records of the Plantation and of the town of Ban- 
gor are extremely meagre until after the year 1800. It is 
supposed that at some time when there was danger of 
their being destroyed — perhaps when the British made 
their incursion — some careful person deposited them in a 
garret for safety, and the rats and mice, having no more 
respect for them than the British would have had, con- 
verted them into linings for their nests. At any rate, but 
a small remnant could ever be found, and that affords 

•McGaw's Sketch, 
f Bangor Centennial, '8i. 



S4<5 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



hardly as much evidence of the business transacted as of 
the want of business knowledge of the persons whose pe- 
culiar business it was to preserve that evidence — the 
Clerks. In several instances they did not certify to the 
truth of the record, or even sif;n their names to it, and in 
no instance does it appear that they were sworn. 

The action of the town upon the act of incorporation 
appears nowhere. 

The petition for an act of incorporation is as follows : 
Penobscot River, i8th May, 1790. 
To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the 

Commonwealtii of Massachusetts, in General Court assembled. 

The petition of the subscribers, inhabitants of and living upon a tract 
of land in the county of Lincoln, by the name of No. One, Second Range, 
lying on the west side of Penobscot River, bounded as follows, viz. : 
Southerly on No. One, Easterly on Penobscot River, northerly and west- 
erly on Govmnt land, as will appear by Captain Stone's survey. 
Humbly sheweth that there is living upon said land forty-five families, 
seventy-nine pools [pollsj. and art possessed of about two-thirds of the 
property of what is commonly called Kenduskeag Plantation, or the 
Plantation from the Widow Wheeler's Mills and upwards to the head 
of the settlement on the West side of the Penobscot River. We labor 
under many disadvantages for want of being incorporated with town 
privileges, therefore humbly pray your honours would be pleased to take 
our difficult circumstances into your wise consideration, and incorpor- 
ate it into a town by the name of Bangor. We have no Justice of the 
Peace for thirty miles this side of the River — No Grand Jury, and 
some people not of the best morals. Your Honours know what the con- 
sequence must be. We doubt not but you will grant us our request, 
and your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray. 

Andrew Webster, Clerk. 

P. S. — The inhabitants of said Plantation, at sundry legal meetings 
for two years past, have unanimously Voted to be incorporated, without 
which we can have no benefit of our school or ministerial lands. 

From the form of the petition it would seem that the 
town voted that the name should be Bangor. Mr. Wil- 
liamson, author of the History of Maine, learned from 
some of the earliest and most intelligent inhabitants, who 
knew the fact, that Mr. Noble, from his fondness for the 
old church tune, procured the incorporation of the town 
by the name mentioned in the petition. 

Colonel Porter's Memoirs of Colonel Eddy contains 
the warrant to organize the town. It is as follows: 

Hancock, ss. To Captain James Budge, of Bangor, in said county. 
Gentleman — Greeting : 

Wheke.\s an act passed the General Court in the State of Massa- 
chusetts, Febrtiary tlie 25th Day, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and ninety-one, incorporated into a town a certain tract 
of Land known by the name of Condiskeag plantation, together with 
the inhabitants therein, by the name of Bangor; and called on me to 
issue a warrant to some suitable inhabitant of Bangor to have a meeting 
of the inhabitants at some convenient time and place, to choose such 
officers as towns are by law required to choose in the months of March 
and .^pril, annually. Therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth you 
are Required to warn the above said inhabitants to meet at some con- 
venient time and Place for the aforesaid purposes, and this shall be your 
sufficient Warrant for so Doing. Given under iny hand and seal this 
25 Day of February, in the year 1792. 

JoN.\. Eddy, Justice of the Peace. 

In obedience to the written warrant to me Directed, I have warned 
the within-named Inhabitants to meet at the Dwelling house of Major 
Robert Treat, on Thursday, the 22 day of March. 

J.iiMEs Budge. 

The town was doubtless organized under the act, for it 
appears that on April 4, 1796, the inhabitants met at 
Captain James Budge's, and having chosen Williarn Boyd 
Moderator, elected William Hammond, Jr., Town Clerk, 
and other town officers, They then made Nathaniel 
Harlow, Andrew Webster, and William Hammond, Jr., a 



committee to settle town business with the Town Treas- 
urer and Collector from the incorporation of the town ; 
and William Boyd and Nathaniel Harlow a coinmittee to 
hire a minister, and "voted 66 Dollars 66 cents for 
the Gospel." There were twenty-five votes cast at 
this meeting, fifteen of which were for Samuel Adams for 
Governor, and ten for Increase Sumner. Moses Gill re- 
ceived all save one for Lieutenant-Governor, and Isaac 
Parker twenty, Daniel Conant one, and Alexander three, 
for Senator. 

The next meeting of which there was a record was held 
on May 2, 1796. Robert Hickborn, Buckley Enierson, 
and Simon Crosby were appointed a committee to settle 
with the former Collector and Treasurer of Condeskeag 
Plantation. "To settle with the part not of the town/ 
and the remainder to be assessed their propoi lions, andT 
have six shillings a day for actual service." 

A meeting was held at Captain Budge's, October 24thJ 
of the same year, and ten votes were cast for Isaac ParkeH 
for Elector, and nine votes for Henry Dearborn for RepJ 
resentative to Congress. 

.Another meeting was held on February 6, 1797,1 
at Captain Budge's, where their votes were cast foil 
Isaac Parker for Elector, and all for Henry Dearborn fori 
Representative to Congress, except one for Isaac Parker. 
Politics did not run high. 

Rev. Mr. Noble continued in Bangor, and betwixt June 
I, 1 796, and December 15, solemnized five marriages. 
The persons made happy by this benignant clergyman 
were .A.aron Griffin and Peggy Webster, both of Bangor; 
William Hammond, of Bangor, and Susannah Cairipbell, 
ofOrrington: William McPhetres and Esther Ayres, of 
Colbourn as a Plantation; Ichabod Clark and Mary Lan- 
kester, both of Condeskeag; and Benjamin Low and Mary 
Hutchings, both ot Bangor. 

The year 1797 was very prolific of town meetings. On 
.\pril 3 it was voted to lay out a road on the northeast 
side of Condeskeag (Harlow street), and that there should 
be two pounds in the town. Twenty-two votes were cast 
for Moses Gill for Governor and Increase .Summer, Lieu- 
tenant-Governor. 

On May 10 they met at Captain Budge's "for the pur- 
pose of separating the State and choosing a Representa- 
tive to Congress." This is the full record of the proceed- 
ings of the meeting : 

\'ote I. William Boyd, Moderator. 

2. Henry Dearborn, Esq., 12 votes for Rep. to Congress. 

3. Voted to sepperate the State. • 
Dissolved without day. 

Wm. H., T. Clerk. 

At another meeting on November 30, it was voted, 
"that William Hammond, of Newtown, be an agent to 
receive a petition from the town to get the settlers' land 
granted to them, and a title," and to raise $40 to pay the 
expenses of the petition; and that "the Selectmen be 
a committee to rite a petition and fix the papers that 
is necessary' to send to court for a Lottery to build a 
Bridge over Condeskg Stream." The record is signed 
by Mr. Hammond, "Wm. T., T. Clerk." 

Rev. Joshua Hall,a Methodist clergyman, itinerated in 
this region in 1794-95. His circuit extended from 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAlNk 



S4J 



Union, in the county of Lincoln, northerly to Stillwater, 
and from Stetson Plantation easterly to Orland. He 
preached in Bangor once in six weeks through the year. 
Deacon William Boyd, Nathaniel Harlow, James Budge, 
Jacob Dennett, and James Dunning were the only resi- 
dents then near the Kenduskeag. There was only one 
store — that kept by Major Treat — though not far from 
that time Cajitain Budge kept goods for sale in his log 
cabin. That is said to have been the first store in the 
present business part of the city. The land on the west- 
ern side of the Condeskge was covered with wood. 
There being no bridge near Bangor, nor boat or gondola 
of sufficient size above Buckstown [Bucksiiort] to convey 
horses across the river. Rev. Mr. Hall sometimes resorted 
to the expedient of lashing two canoes together, side by 
side, and then putting his horse on board with his fore 
feet in one and hind feet in the other; and thus, at great 
risk when the current wms strong, he ferried his docile 
beast over the river, though generally the horse had to 
make the passage by swimming, while his master went in 
a canoe. Roads there were none worthy the name, and 
the locomotion was chiefly by canoes. The people went 
in them from ten to twenty miles to attend Mr. Hall's 
ministrations. He was at that time about twenty-si.x 
years of age. His residence, during the latter part of his 
life, was in Frankfort.* 

•Colonel Utile's letter in Bangor Jeffersonian, December, 1852. 



CHAPTER V. 

Hampden Incurporated — Us Extent — Why so Named — Population in 
17QO — First Town Meeting — Ballard's Survey — First Meeting House — 
General Crosby's Mill and Brick Store — His Enterprise — Academy — 
Settlers of New Worcester — Bangor Settlers — A Minister, Rev. 
lames Boyd — His Ordination — His Delinquencies and Removal — 
Rev. Mr. Mudge — School-house — Legislature and Settlers — Park 
Holland's Survey — Bangor in 1800 — Voters in 1801 — Taverns in 
1802 — Town Officers — Two School Districts — School Committees — 
Votes for Governor and Representative to Congress — Dr. Batch — 
Bridge Project — $400 Raised for Schools — Eliashib Adams — Morals 
of the People — Town House Contemplated — Main and Water Streets 
— Cemetery — Change of Annual Meeting — Town Officers in 1804 — 
School Committee — Excursion to Mt. Katahdin. 

1800 to 1805. Hampden was incorporated as a town 
February 24, 1794. It extended from about a mile and 
a half below the Kenduskeag Stream to Bald Hill Cove, 
and embraced about twenty-three thousand acres. Its 
name was adopted in memory of the eminent English 
Republican, John Hampden. With the people of Or- 
rington and Bangor they were equally annoyed by the 
British in 1779, and some of the inhabitants removed to 
the places whence they originally came — the Ken- 
nebec and beyond — but returned at the close of the war. 



A portion of the town was assigned to General Knox to 
supply a deficiency in the Waldo Patent, and a portion 
was surveyed and lotted by Kphraim Ballard, and each 
settler received a lot of one hundred acres, upon the pay- 
ment of six dollars and fifty-six cents, if he came before 
January, 1784, and fifty dollars if he took up his lot be- 
tween that time and January, 1794. It is uncertain 
what was the population within the limits of the territory 
incorporated in 1790. Bangor, including the territory 
above the Sowadabscook, contained a po]nil;ition of 567, 
In iSoo, after incorporation with that territory eliminated, 
it contained but 277. If it increased none in the dec- 
ade, the prior adjacent territory must have contained a 
population of 290. Of this one-half — 145, if not more — 
was probably in the Hampden iiart. The remaining 
portion of Hampden contained more than that number, 
and the population of the incorporated Hampden terri- 
tory was in 1 790 between 300 and 400. 

The first warrant for a meeting of the inhabitants of 
Hampden was issued by Simeon Fowler, Esq., of Or- 
rington, and was directed to Simeon Gorton, Constable. 
The meeting was at the house of Benjamin Wheeler, 
which stood on the side hill towards the Dudley resi- 
dence, near High Head, and there the town meetings 
were regularly held for several years afterwards. 

Ballard's survey was made in 1796. He gave each 
settler a certificate of the survey of his lot, and the next 
year the agents of Massachusetts arranged with the set- 
tlers, and gave them deeds agreeably to the certificates. 

As in Condeskeag and New Worcester, the idea of a 
meeting-house was prominent in the min'^s of the inhab- 
itants of Hampden. It proves that they felt that, not- 
withstanding they had set down on the extreme confines 
of civilization, they were still- the subjects of Christian 
influences. 

At their first town meeting they voted to build a meet- 
ing- house, and made some arrangements for raising the 
funds. It progressed slowly, however, but was suffi- 
ciently completed to accommodate a town meeting in 
1798, after the Wheeler house was considered too small 
for the purpose. Mortified that the town should be so 
indifferent in regard to its completion, Mr. John Crosby, 
who was an enterprising and prosperous merchant, 
pressed to have it finished, and succeeded in 1800. The 
pews weie then sold to individuals for $750 more than 
the cost of the whole structure. 

Mr. Crosby erected a saw-mill on the privilege near the 
mouth of the Sowadabscook, and extended his business 
largely. He engaged in navigation, and had wharves 
not only at the mouth of the Sowadabscook, but also two 
miles further up the Penobscot. At one titne he was 
probably the most prominent merchant and ship-owner 
upon the Penobscot. In 1809 he built the brick store 
near the Upper Corner, which bids fair to stand many a 
century, a monument of his enterprising spirit and of his 
town's early prosperity. 

General Crosby, besides being enterprising in business, 
was ambitious tor the religious and educational improve- 
ment of his town. He built what in his day was es- 
I teemed an elegant residence, which he occupied. Every- 



542 



History of penobscot county, maine. 



thing about it indicated comfort, and gave evidence of the 
well-to-do proprietor. It was the home of the missionary 
while attending to the religious needs of the people of 
his locality, and the resort of all good people. Rev. 
Jotham Sewall was always a welcome guest. His wife 
was the worthy companion of such a man, and they 
reared a family worthy of themselves — intelligent, indus- 
trious, and exemplary sons, and refined and beautiful 
daughters. He was instrumental in the establishment of 
Hampden Academy, an institution that, for two-thirds of 
a century, has educated the youth of the valley of the 
Penobscot, and sent many hundreds of men and women 
into the world who have risen to honorable positions in 
their several spheres. He obtained the act incorporating 
it, having previously obtained a subscription of about 
$3,000 to its funds. In after life, however, he was un- 
fortunate in business, but he never forgot his early habits 
of industry. A late work was to secure the erection of 
a grist-mill near the site of the ancient Wheeler mill, and 
this he superintended until old age compelled him to 
yield to its behests. 

Towards the close of the century Messrs. Brewer and 
Fowler, who looked after the interests of the settlers of 
the 10,864 acres saved from Knapp and associates, made 
a list of those entitled to the several lots into which its 
river front was surveyed, beginning at the northerly ex- 
tremity and extending to the southern, prefacing it with 
the following remarks : — 

It appears to us that the names in this column come sufficiently under 
the resolve of the General Court, passed the 2Slh of June, 1789. defin- 
ing the term settler; because their lands were taken up, housen built, 
and improvements made thereon, intendmg it for their abode, before the 
late war with England: but some were forced away by reason of the de- 
feat at Bigwaduce; some others enlisted and went into the Continental 
service, and before and smce the first day of January, 1784, have re- 
turned themselves, or somebody undei ihem, and have made large im- 
provements thereon, and still continue to live thereon. 

[Signed] Simeon Fowler. 

John Brewer. 

June 3, 1796. 

Peter Robeshaw, 100 acres; Samuel Turner, 100; John Majisel, Jr., 
100; John f^hillips, 200; Moses Knap, 125; Samuel Knap, 100; Emer- 
son Orcutt, 275; Thadeus .'\dams, 100; John Mansell, 100; Samuel 
Bayley, 100; Solo'n Harthorn, 200; Levi Bradley, loo; Elisha Crane, 
100; Bryand Bradley, 75; Thomas Campbell, Jr., 100; Thomas Camp- 
bell, too; James Campbell, 100; John Thorn. 100; Lott Rider, 100; 
John Rider, too; Simeon Johnson, 100; John Rider, Jr., 100; Benjamin 
Perkins, 100; Andrew Mayhew, 100; John Holyoke, 200; Joseph Burr, 
100; Elisha Skinner, 100; Daniel Skinner, 75; Charles Burr, 100; 
School and Ministerial Lot, r5o; John Emery, 100; Henrys Kenney, 
200; Elias Dupee, 100; John Tibbitts, 100; Josiah Brewer, Jr., 100; 
Josiah Brewer, Esq., 100; John and Josiah Brewer, lOo;* John Brewer, 
100; James Guin, 200; David Wiswell, 100; Ephraim Doane, loo; 
Heman Smith, 100; Jona Haskins, 100; Robert McCurdy, 100; Amos 
Dole, 100; Thomas Brastow, 100; Joseph Baker, 100; Moses Baker, 
100; Joseph Baker, Jr.. 100; Benjamin .Snow, 130; Solomon Swett, 
Hannah Arey, widow, Samuel Freeman, 200; Nath'l Pierce, loo; Jesse 
Rogers, 100; Joseph Rooks, 100; Simeon Fowler, 100; George Brooks, roo; 
JesseAtwood, 150; Oliver Doane. 75; Thomas Deane, 75; Samuel Brown, 
100; Darnel Nickerson, 100; Warren Nickerson, loo; Eliphalet Nicker- 
son, 100; Paul Nickerson, 100; Henry Cole, 100; Betsey Snow', 
widow, 100; Timothy Freeman, 100; Samuel Bartlett, 150; Jeremiah 
Holmes, 150; Moses Wentworth, 150; Timothy Nye, 30; Joseph and 
Jesse Smith, 100; Ebcnezer Whelding, too; — total, 3,360 acres. 

1800 to 1804. We have now traced the history of the 
three towns of Bangor, Oirington, and Hampden, from 

* Built grist-mill on it in 1794. 



their primitive and plantation state — Bangor as Condes- 
keag and Sunbury, Orrington as New Worcester, and 
Hampden as Wheelerborough — and find them at the be- 
ginning of the nineteenth century well started in their 
career as corporate municipalities. 

It will be recollected that at a town meeting on the 
4th of April, 1796, there was appointed "a committee to 
hire a minister." It does not ajipear that a selection wa.s 
made until the year 1800. Then Rev. James Boyd was 
ordained, but by whom the selection was made there is 
no record, which is well, perhaps, as both tradition and 
record give him no enviable reputation. But the town 
of Bangor and the Congregationalists of Orrington and 
Hampden united and gave Mr. Boyd a call. A council 
was convened, consisting of Rev. Mr. Cofifin and Rev. 
Roswell Messenger, of York, and others, who organized 
a church made up of members belonging to the three 
towns. The ordination followed in the northerly of the 
two early meeting-houses erected in Orrington. After 
the ordmation there was a feast at Madam Holyoke's, 
and as new rum and other liquors in that day were indis- 
pensable on such occasions, they flowed freely on this, 
and Rev. Mr. Boyd gave infallible evidence of their in- 
toxicating qualities. At that time Rev. Enoch Mudge 
was preaching acceptably to the Methodists in the lower 
part of Orrington, and much denominational feeling ex- 
isted between the Methodists and Calvinists. Mr. 
Heber Eldridge, the poet of the river, who appears to 
have sympathized with the former, took advantage of Mr. 
Boyd's over-indulgence to fire a shot into the stronghold 
of the latter in this fashion: 

A minister, a drunken cur 

.As ever yet was seen. 
Came from the west, and built his nest 

Down by Condeskeag Stream. 

'Till twenty-four, or something more. 

He served his master, Dagon, 
Then from Methodist to Calvinist 

He altered his persuasion. 

Thankful and Jenny* were fierce as any 

Foi joining Parson 15oyd. 
They gave their voice, it was their choice 

That Mudge should be destroyed. 

Dr. George .Shepard, in his sermon on the Early Re- 
ligious History of Bangor and Vicinity, said of the per- 
sons concerned in his ordination, " whether these men 
laid hands suddenly on Mr. Boyd we do not know — that 
they did it unfortunately we do know — for at the end of 
one year the town called a council 'to try him on six 
charges — some of them allegations of gross immorality." 

The "wolf in sheep's clothing" clearly made his way 
to Condeskeag when Parson Boyd came. It was a 
wilderness region ; such a place as wolves of that descrip- 
tion are accustomed to wander into. But the parson did 
not have all the business for which clergymen are consid- 
ered peculiarly fitted, or he would have enjoyed an ex- 
perience which fell to the lot of one of another profes- 
sion, settled near the Sowadabscook, and earned a dollar 
that he might have well laid away as a memento of a 

* Thankful and Jenny Baker. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



543 



very primitive feast and a very odd marriage, described in 
the following letter. 

Any marriage, with its concomitants, in 1800 m the 
backwoods, would hiidly compare with a backwoods 
marriage of this day ; but regard was paid to the legal re- 
quirements at whatever trouble, if not to the clerical. 

The letter is from Daniel Livermore — who was, per- 
haps, a physician and Justice of the Peace combined — 
dated Hampden, February 4, 1800, and directed to "Mr. 
Samuel E. Button, Hallowell." 

A few days ago a young ni.m cariie into my office, clad in a sliorl 
blue coat, a pair of blue trousers very much patched, a pair of woolen 
stockings so much patched and darned that I could not discover what 
their first color was ; a very wide ruffle to his shirt, exposed to view 
from his waistband to his handkerchief, which was tied in two large 
bows, extending from one shoulder to the other. His face, I suppose, 
had never been touched with a razor; and there was a thick matted yel- 
low down growing around his mouth, about half an inch in length. He 
stood nearly half an hour before he broke silence 1 1 being busy writing). 
At last, in a tone scarcely audible, he addressed me in the following 
manner : 

"Do you marry young folks, sometimes?" 

I lold him "Yes." He then said : 

" I want to be married." 

I then asked him where he lived and the distance. He said he did 
not know the place nor the distance, but tlioughl General Crosljy 
knew. I asked him whether it was up or down the river. He said: 

■•L'p." 

I asked him who his neighbors were, and found he lived two miles 
from Ihe river, ten miles above Hampden. It was then just sundown. 
I mounted my horse and set out on a trot; kept the poor fellow upon 
the run, as he was on foot, for the most part of the way. The distance 
being about twelve miles, many curious tlioughts ran through my head 
on the passage [to the effect that the candidate for matrimony was hav- 
inga rather severe preparation]. At length (some time in the night) we 
arrived at a small log hut, about fifteen feet square, two miles distant 
from any other in the woods; tied my horse to a small stack of meadow- 
hay; crept into the camp, where was a man sitting on a bunch of straw 
in a kind of bunk, a woman sitting by a little lire in one corner of the 
hut, a little girl squatting at her side, with their stockings pulled off, 
their faces and legs very dirty, and dressed very meanly. 

"Good heavens!" says I to myself, "is here a bride?" 

I sat down by the fire, for it was very cold. They mustered and 
made some tea and fried some pork. We sat down and ate and drank 
without sugar, cream, knives, or forks, making use of our fingers to help 
ourselves, with no light but the fire, and that poor. I wished myself 
back to Hampden, but could not get there without riding twelve miles 
in the cold. However, as soon as we had supped, 1 told them we must 
do what we did quick, for I was in a huiry. The little dirty thing h.id 
taken a scrub-broom and was scratching tlic floor. The woman told 
her: 

"Betty, you need not sweep any more." 

Betty then stripped, in my presence; put on a calico gown and a wide, 
red sash (for I suppose she thought those little duds she had on svould 
not answer to be married in); the groom seized her left hand with his 
left, and stood on the wrong side. I began to say; the woman of the 
house at the same time was placing herself for a bride-maid. Her hus- 
band did not take the opposite side; she ordered him lo his stand, help- 
ing to place him at the side of the groom, while 1 was saying the cere- 
mony, I proceeded and did not mind the disturbance, and got 
through as quick as possible; put on my co.ntand hat; came off with all 
possible speed, and got home before morning — received one dollar for 
my night's work — Fees, $T.oo. 

I'hysicians at the present day cannot think that the 
charges at that period were exorbitant, if any opinion 
may be formed in regard to them by a niemorandum of 
Dr. 'Squire Livermore's business for January, 1800, and 
three months previous, attached to this letter. "For that 
time," he says, "my charges are: 

For physic $35 33 

In my office 26 87 



$62 20 



On April 22, 1801, the inhabitants of Bangor voted 
$100 as the salary of Rev. Mr. Boyd, and on the 26th, 
four days afterwards, they appointed James Drummond, 
Timothy Crosby, and Amos Patten to settle with him, 
and "obtain a discharge from him on the best terms pos- 
sible. " His delinquencies would seem to have been a 
surprise upon the good people, from their imjjulsive 
action. They learned, however, that there must be some 
formality in disposing of a settled clergyman in that day, 
for at a meeting at Samuel Greenleaf's tavern — which 
stood on the easterly side of Newbury street, between 
State and Yoik — on the .19th October, it was voted that 
the town, with the societies of Orrington and Hampden 
call a council of mini.^ters to dismiss Re%\ James Boyd 
from the ministry over said town and societies, that Rev. 
Jona. Fisher, of Bluehill; Rev. Jona. Powers, of Penob- 
scot; Rev. Daniel .Merrill, of Sedgwick; and Rev. Eben 
Rice, of .Belfast, with their delegates, compose the coun- 
cil, and that Buckley Emerson be agent to provide accom- 
modations for them. 

Accordingly those clergymen were invited, and with 
the delegates, Deacon Robert Wood and Eben Hinck- 
ley, of Bluehill; Deacon David Hawes, of Penobscot; 
David Thurston, of Sedgwick; and Deacon Tolford 
Thurston and I. Gillmore, of Belfast, on November 4, 
1801, constituted an ecclesiastical council, at Greenleafs 
tavern, to act upon the charges against Boyd. He was 
requested to accept the council as mutual "to which he 
did not accede." 

Mr. Amos Patten, who was Town Clerk, made a rec- 
ord of the proceedings of the council. There were "si.x 
heavy charges," but these do not appear. The Clerk's 
delicacy was so great that, instead of recording them, 
he made this note, "Decency might blush at recording 
them." 

After fully investigating the causes of complaint, the 
Council "unanimously agreed that, in consequence of 
what appears to have been Mr. Boyd's conduct as mani- 
fested by what is sujiported of the said charges, we con- 
sider his usefulness as a minister of the Gospel to be at 
an end, and our duty to take from him the charge of the 
church of the town of Bangor and of the Congregational 
societies of Orrington and Hampden." 

Thus was the second minister of Bangor disposed of, 
and with him apparently all desire to have another. But 
the Methodists in the lower section of Orrington were 
more fortunate in their minister, Mr. Mudge. Professor 
Shejjard says of him that "he came from Lynn to Orring- 
ton in the latter part of the century; he wrought through 
the week at his trade as a shoe-maker, and on the Sab- 
bath preached with great acceptance to the people, laying 
the foundations of the flourishing church or churches of 
that persuasion now existing there. That town owes a 
vast debt to that faithful Christian." 

Although the people of Bangor were un.'^onunate in 
their religious enteriirises, yet there was a desire to 
provide for the education of their children, and in 1800- 
01 they voted the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars 
to James Drummond to build a school-house. The 
house was built near the bank of the Penobscot just 



544 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



northerly of the first hill above Treat's Falls, on the 
riffht hand of the road, Drummond's house standing 
high above it on the opposite side of the road. It was 
one story, had a square or "hip" with pretty belfry in the 
centre. This was the first school-house in Bangor. 
There was a struggle, however, to get the appropriation 
of one hundred and fifty dollars. An attempt was made 
to have the vote reconsidered, but it did not succeed, 
and another project more important did not succeed, as 
appears by this record of a vote on April 22, 1801 ; "Neg- 
atived a vote to raise a sum of money for the support of 
schools." 

But the indications began to appear that Bangor was 
not to be forever shrouded in intellectual darkness. 
Prior to the year iSoi, not a settler had a title to this 
land; that was in the Commonwealth, and he was at its 
mercy. But on March 5, 1801, the General Court passed 
a resolve authorizing a deed to be given to each settler 
before January i, 1784, or his legal representative, of his 
Jot of one hundred acres on his paying into the treasury 
eight dollars and seventy cents, and to each settler be- 
tween that date and February 23, 1793, a deed of his lot 
of one hundred acres on his paying one hundred dollars. 
The resolve provided for the appointment of a com- 
mittee to cause the lots to be surveyed and their bounds 
established. Accordingly the Committee employed Park 
Holland, Esq., a veteran surveyor, who had been a cap- 
tain in General Lincoln's army to put down Shay's Re- 
bellion in 1793, an assistant surveyor with General Rufus 
Putnam, in 1784, in Government service in what is now 
Washington county; and with Jonathan Maynard in 
1794, in surveying the Indian reserved lands on the Pe- 
nobscot and lands in the northerly part of the State. 
He had in this year (1801) removed his family from 
Massachusetts to the "Bend" in Eddington, and his ap- 
pointment as surveyor of the settlers' lots in Bangor "was 
eminently fit to be made." 

The following talile contains the names of the settlers, 
or of their representatives, and the numbers of their lots 
as surveyed by Mr. Holland in iSor. The numbering 
commences at the line betwixt Bangor and Hampden, 
and extends northerly (with 19 interjected for Daniel 
Webster and 88 for Fessenden & Bussell; 99 for William 
Forbes, and 40 for Joseph Trott), to the Orono line, on the 
river until it leaches 40; 41 is in the rear of 3839, and 40, 
then there is a jump to the lot adjoining the Glenburn 
line on the westerly side of the Kenduskeag, which the 
numbering follows to 40 inclusive, when there is another 
jump to 47 on the Glenburn line on the easterly side of 
the Kenduskeag, which it follows down until it comes to 
68, which extends somewhat below Kenduskeag Bridge 
ai)d intersects in the stream with 70, which extends on the 
westerly side to the neighborhood of Lover's Leap. The 
other numbers are scattered irregularly over the town. 

Timo. Crosby, i; heirs of Simon Crosby, 2 ; Theodore 
Frafton, 3; Peter Burgess, 4; Bulkeley Emerson, 5; 
Thomas and Charles Low, 6; William Hammond, 7; 
Jacob L^ennet, 8; John Dennet, 9; heirs of James Dun- 
ning, 10; Robert Lapish, et al., 11; Haynes, 12; William 
Boyd, 13; heirs of John Kelsea, 14; Seth Noble, 15; 



Thomas Howard, 16; Robert Treat, 17; Robert Hick 
born, 18; Daniel Webster, 19; Robert Treat, 20; Robert 
Treat, 21; James Drummond, 22; Abraham Allen, 23; 
Evans & Hains, 24; Robert Treat, 25 ; Robert Treat, 26: 
Jona. Lowden, 27; Archibald McPhetres, 28; Robert 
Treat, 29; Robert Treat, 30; Robert Treat, 31 ; Robert 
Treat, 32; Robert Treat, ^^-j Robert Treat, 34; Bulke- 
ley Emerson, 35; Robert Treat, 36; Joseph Munsell, 37; 
Timo. Crosby, 38; Robert Treat, 39; Robert Treat, 40; 
Richard Webster, 41 ; John Crosby, 42; Godfrey & Web- 
ster, 43; Samuel Greenleaf, et al., 44; S. Greenleaf and 
others, 45; James Gardner, 46; Aaron GrifSn, 47 ; Wil- 
liam Davis, 48; William Davis, 49; William Hasey, 50; 
^N'illiam Hasey, 51 ; Robert Lapish and others, 52; Rob- 
ert Lapish and others, 53 ; Samuel Sherbm'n, 54; William 
Lancaster, 55; Aaron Clark, 56; George Fulman, 57; 
Robert Lapish and others, 58; Stinson Potter, 59; 
Robert Lapish and others, 60; Joseph Potter, 61 ; Rob- 
ert Lapish and others, 62 ; William Hammond, 63 ; Rob- 
ert Lapish and others, 64; Robert Lapish and others, 65; 
William Potter and others, 66; John Smart, 67; Nathan- 
iel Harlow, 68; William Hasey, 69; William Hammond, 
70; heirs of James Dunning, 71; Daniel Campbell, 72; 
Daniel Campbell, 73; William Hammond, 74; William 
Hammond, 75; William Hammond, 76; William Ham- 
mond, 77; Amos Patten, 78; Robert Lapish and others, 
79: Robert Lapish and others, 80; heirs of John Kelsea, 
81; heirs of James Boyd, 82; heirs of Thomas Howard, 
83; John Haynes, 84; Robert Lapish and others, 85; 
Robert Lapish and others, 86; Robert Lapish and others, 
87; Fessenden & Bussey, 88; Robert Lapish, 89; Wil- 
liam Boyd, 90; Daniel Webster, 9r; Jona Morse, 92; 
Patrick Campbell, 93; Patrick Campbell, 94; James 
Drummond, 95; Daniel Neal, 96; John Harlow, 97; 
James Drummond, 98; William Forbes, 99; Joseph 
Treat, 100; heirs of McLaughlin, 101; Hatch, Patten, 
and others, 102; Bulkeley Emerson, 103; Robert Treat, 
104: Jona. Lowden, 105; William Hammond, 106; Ash- 
bel Harthorn, 107; David Harthorn, 108; Silas Har- 
thorn, 109; Joseph Trott, iio; Patten and others, in; 
Benjamin Low, 112; John Hutchings, 113; Thomas 
and Chailes Low, 114. 

Bangor entered upon its thirty-second year and the nine- 
teenth century with a population of 277. It had been a 
town for nearly ten years. It was in the midst of a wil- 
derness, nearly at the extremity of the Republic, and far 
from the commercial centre. Still it began to attract 
attention because of its situation. The population of 
Massachusetts was rapidly increasing. The law of pri- 
mogeniture had been practically reversed in that com- 
monwealth ; the youngest son instead of the eldest was 
made the heir of the homestead, and the eldest must 
seek his fortune elsewhere. The newly opened country 
in Maine was represented as having attractions. The 
Penobscot region was talked about. These provisions by 
the Legislature of farms for the asking had their effect 
upon the young men of enterprise, and the emigration in 
this direction increased yearly. The situation of Bangor 
at the head of navigation, and a point to which the busi- 
ness of two-thirds of Maine when settled evidently must 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



545 



centre, had an influence, and soon after the opening of 
the century there were valuable accessions to its popula- 
tion, .''tiiiong the new comers were Moses and Amos 
Patten, .\bner Taylor, l.uke Wilder, Allen Oilman, Fran- 
cis, Joseph, and James Carr, William Emerson, and Sam- 
uel E. Dulton, all men of enterprise, intelligence, and busi- 
ness capacity, which was almost immediately recognized, 
and they were in leading positions, some for a quarter of 
a century and some longer. They gave an impulse to 
the prosperity of the town, and weight to its character. 

The population began to centre near the mouth of the 
Condcskeag. It will be seen on relerring to the table of 
Holland's survey, that No. ii, which was the Bridge 
Point lot, was assigned to Robert I. apish and others, and 
No. 70, which was that commencing a little below the 
Kenduskeag Bridge, and extending about a mile up on 
the westerly side of the stream, was assigned to ^\"illiam 
Hammond. The Dunning lot (10) adjoined 70, and 
embraced the westerly bank of the stream below it, and 
of the river to the Dennet lot (9), which embraced what 
is now the Central Railroad station property. The Har- 
low lot (68) intersected with 70 in the stream and ex- 
tended up on the easterly side. Upon these lots people 
began to make inroads. Lots were taken up for building 
pui poses, and the "Point" was at first esteemed the most 
eligible locality for business. 

In 1801 the number of voters had increased. For 
Elbridge Gerry, for Governor, 23 votes were cast; for 
Caleb Strong, 22. At this meeting Amos Patten was 
elected Town Clerk for the first time. Captain Budge 
had for some time been under a cloud, and William 
Boyd had become the favorite presiding ofificer. The 
house of Elisha Crane was the place of meeting. 

In 1802 travel had so much increased that two taverns 
were found necessary to accommodate the public. Mr. 
Isaac Hatch, the year previous, had built a two-story 
frame house on Main street, which he occupied as an inn 
until he died. This was continued several years by his 
widow and his son Thomas F., and at'ter them by Ezra 
Hutchins. The building was always occupied as a hotel, 
.ihhough in its later years it was so metamorphosed that 
neither Ca|)tain Hatch, his widow, nor their shrewd and 
shapely son, would have been able to recognize it. It 
bore the name of "Hatch House" for a long period, and 
finally, with its unpretending jirimitive features hidden 
under a showy aggregation of dry-goods shops, gothic 
arches, cornices, friezes, and battlements, gave up the 
ghost under the name of "Harriman House." Mr. Sam- 
uel Greenlief built a three-story frame house on New- 
bury street, upon the lot now owned by Colonel David 
Bugbee. The site was commanding, and the view em- 
braced the valley and river of the Penobscot for miles. 
It was not so convenient for visitors as Mr. Hatch's inn, 
but it was more spacious, and was for years used by the 
town for its meetings. After this it was abandoned as an 
mn for many years, and occupied by Philip Coombs, Esq., 
as a private residence. At length it became again a pub- 
lic hostelry under the style of ".\merican House," and 
as such continued until it was razed a few years ago, to 
give place to the more elegant private mansion. 
69 



.A.bout this period William Crosby, who afterwards set- 
tled in Belfast and became one of the most prominent 
lawyers in Eastern Maine, and a judge, visited the re- 
gion, and in an interesting autobiography gave this ac- 
count of his visit to Bangor : — 

I had heard much of Maine, and was charmed with the prospects 
which a new country presented to mc. I examined the map and fixed 
on Bangor as a central pomt which would rise to eminence. 

In the summer of iSoi I mounted my little horse Robin, and took the 
tour of Maine. On arriving at the Kennebec I visited the towns of 
C.ardiner, Hallowell, Augusta, Xonidgwock, and VVaterville. From 
Walerville I crossed over to Hampden. 1 found the road from Albion 
to Hampden merely cross-tied and causewayed. At Hampden I put 
up at a Mr. Libbeys, who kept a public house there, and devoted two 
days to rest for myself and horse, preparatory to my visit to Bangor, 
the grand object of my visit. On the third day I went to Bangor, but, 
to my astonishment, I could see no village, now the city. I tied my 
horse to a bush fence, and descended the precipice just above the pres- 
ent Hatch House, which was then a mere frame, where T found one 
James Thomas. Mr. Thomas was kind enough to pull a paper out of 
his pocket, on which he shewed me the great to-be city of Bangor. I 
was so disappointed and mortified that I m.ade up my mind to return 
home in the most direct way, immediately. I mounted my horse, re- 
turned to Hampden, dined, and started for Belfast. 

The first town meeting held in Mr. Greenleaf's house 
was on September 6, 1801, to take measures for the 
deposition of Rev. James Boyd. The next meeting but 
one after that unfortunate matter was disposed of, was 
held in it on April 6, 1802. The list and quality of the 
officers elected at this meeting would lead to the belief 
that the town had realized a large addition to its popula- 
tion. Mr. Amos Patten was not only chosen but ele- 
vated from the ofifice of Town Clerk to be the peer of 
Jeremiah Dudley and Robert Hickborn as Selectman; 
Samuel Call was made one of the Assessors; Daniel 
Webster and Joseph Potter, et al., were made Surveyors 
of Highways; Moses Patten, William Forbes, and Wil- 
liam Hasey, Surveyors of Wood and Bark; Daniel \\'eb- 
ster agreed to collect the taxes for si.x cents on the dol- 
lar, therefore he was made Collector, as he was the low- 
est bidder; Samuel E. Dutton was made Town Agent; 
James Thomas, Samuel E. Dutton, and Allen Oilman 
were chosen a committee to settle the accounts of the 
town. 

The Selectmen had been authorized to divide the 
town into school districts, and at this meeting reported 
that No. I extend from the southerly town line to the 
stream ; No. 2 from the stream north to David Howard's 
north line, "including \\'m. Potter up said stream;" No. 
3 from said Howard's to the north line of the town, ar d 
No. 4 from William PotteV's to the town line west, at 
Six-Mile-Falls; and it was voted that the money assessed 
for schools be apportioned to the districts according to 
the number of children four years old to sixteen, and that 
there be a school committee consisting of three to a dis 
trict. 

For District i, Timothy Crosby, Daniel Campbell, and 
Jeremiah Dudley were appointed; for District 2, Nathan- 
iel Harlow, William Boyd, and Allen Gilman; for District 
3, William Hasey, Joseph Potter, and .^aron Clark ; for 
District 4, Daniel Evans, William Forbes, Robert Hick- 
born, and Timothy Crosby. Nathaniel Harlow, William 
Hasey, Daniel Evans, and Bulkely Emerson, were made 
a General School Commiitee. 



S46 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



At this meeting Caleb Brooks Hall had eight votes for 
County Treasurer, and Simeon Fowler twenty-one. 

A meeting had been held at Greenleaf's on the day be- 
fore to choose a committee to hire a "Gospel preacher," 
and to give in their ballots for Oovernor, Lieutenant- 
Goveinor, Senators, and Representatives to Congress. 

The committee appointed to hire the preacher were 
William Boyd, Aaron Patten, and Daniel Evans. 

The votes cast for Governor were 79, of which El- 
bridge (jerry had 5 7, Caleb Strong 20, scattering 2; for Lieu- 
tenant-Governor, William Heath had 53, Edward H. Rob- 
bins 17; for Senators, Nathaniel Dummer had 17, David 
Cobb 17, Martin Kinsley 2, John Chandler 43, Nathan 
Weston 45; for Representative to Congress, Martin Kins- 
ley 52, Nathaniel Dummer 9. 

Nathaniel Harlow, on the 30th, was drawn to serve as 
grand juror, and James Drummond on the petit jury at 
the Supreme Court in Castine. 

By the above report it will be perceived that with the 
aid of the new ability brought into the business of the 
town, it was now transacted systematically. 

Among the new citizens was Dr. Horatio G. Balch. 
He was the first resident jihysician, "and practiced with 
good reputation and success until 1809,"* when he re- 
moved to Lubec. He afterwards was High Sheriff, and 
held several political positions in Washington county. 

The subject of a bridge across the Condeskeag Stream 
had occupied the attention of the citizens for several 
years. The population w-as increasing, and the com- 
munication between the inhabitants on both sides of the 
stream constant, and Crane's ferry, which was about at the 
foot of Water street, was inconvenient. The project of 
building one by means of a lottery had fallen through, and 
in 1802 Robert Lapish and others made a petition to the 
General Court to build a toll-bridge across the stream. 
This plan did not meet with favor. A meeting was called 
on May 11, and Samuel E. Dutton, .Samuel Call, James 
Thomas, Amos Patten, and Daniel Evans were appointed 
a committee to draw up an answer to the petition, setting 
forth that the town would build the bridge, and complete 
it in one year and six months from that date, provided 
"the privilege of the tide-waters might revert to the town," 
and Amos Patten was chosen to present the remonstrance 
to the Legislature. Mr. Patten declined, and Allen Gil- 
man was chosen. 

On the petition ot Robert Treat and others, anotlier 
meeting was held on the 17th of July, to see if the town 
would raise money to build a bridge across the Condus- 
keag Stream, at its mouth ; if not, to see if they would 
consent that Robert Lapish and others would have " a 
toll of two cents a person, on condition that they should 
complete the bridge in eighteen months." This was evi- 
dently a device in the interest of the Lapish party, but 
the townspeople were too wary to be caught in this man- 
ner. They voted to "pass over" both the propositions. 

Another subject to which the citizens were recjuired to 

give their attention was the balloting for a member of 

Congress for the First Eastern District, in place of Silas 

Lee, who had resigned his seat. But little interest was 

*McGaw's Sketch. 



manifested. There were three several ballotings. 
the first meeting Martin Kinsley had 3 votes; Samud 
Thacher, 3. At the second, Nathaniel Dummer had 
vote ; Samuel Thacher, 7 ; Martin Kinsley, 5. At th| 
third Phineas Bruce had 8 votes ; Martin Kinsley, 11. 

In March, 1803, the town chose Amos Patten, Tow3 
Clerk : Deacon William Boyd, Amos Patten, and JosepB 
Treat, Selectmen and Assessors; Samuel E. Dutton 
William Boyd, William Hasey, and Robert Treat, Schod 
Committee ; and Samuel E. Dutton, Nathaniel Harlot 
Horatio G. Balch, Robert Treat, and \Villiam Hase^ 
General School Committee. 

In that day the School Committee employed thj 
teachers, wood, and conveniences for the school. Th 
General School Committee examined the teachers in r^ 
gard to their educational qualifications, and examined th 
schools. 

The town this year raised $400 for the support 
schools, and passed over the article to raise money fd 
the support of preaching, although those desirous of had 
ing it caused the subject to be brought before the towj 
at two several meetings. 

Deacon Eliashib Adams, a gentleman of strict Puritatj 
ical views, who became a valuable citizen of Bangor, mad 
this note in his journal: 

Soon afier I came to Buckport, which was July 5, 1803, I walked 1 
Bangor. From its being the head of navigation and safe for ship5, 1 
had no doubt it would be the most important place oti the river, 
should have remained here had it not been that there were no religiol 
privileges. It was a mere Sodom, with Lot dwelling in it by 
name of William Boyd, afterwards one of the first deacons of the Fi^ 
church. I was su disgusted with the character of the place, that, 
several, years when my business made it necessary to remain over 
night, I used to cross the river to Orrington, now Brewer, and put 
up at Dr. Skmtier's, who and his wife were both pious and intelligent. 

This is pretty severe. The mass of the people were 
very poor, and perhaps not over-exemplary in their 
morals — rum being their chief drmk — but it probably 
would not have been difficult to find ten righteous men 
in the town. It is probable that the second emphatic re- 
fusal of the town to raise money for preaching that year 
was the occasion of the harsh stricture of the good man. 

Some building was contemplated this year for a town- 
house, for a committee was appointed "to provide and 
repair the town-house to meet in." 

Main and Water streets were laid out, the former 
from Andrew Morse's house, at the intersection of Main 
and Union streets, to where the contemplated bridge was 
to cross the Conduskeag, and the latter from Jeremiah 
Dudley's house (where the Washington buildings are) to 
the stream near Isaac Hatch's store. Proposals made 
by Lapish, French, and Stetson, in regard to build- 
ing the bridge, were "passed over." Respect for the dead 
was manifested by a vote that the fences around the 
burial ground should be repaired. This was at the cor- 
ner of Oak and Washington streets, where Egery's Iron 
Works are. 

Caleb Strong had 24 votes, and Elbridge Gerry 30, for 
Governor; Edward H. Robbins 24, and James Bowdoin 
27 for Lieutenant Governor; Martin Kinsley 34 votes 
for Senator; Simeon Fowler 43 votes for County Treas- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



547 



urer; and Bradshaw Hall had 34 votes at one meeting 
and 20 at another for Register of Deeds. 

Some. attention was this year paid to schools. It was at 
about this time that school houses in Districts i and 2 
were built. The former was a one-story frame building 
with a hip roof, and stood upon the lot of the city at the 
corner of Union and First streets. 

The money raised this year for schools by a vote of 
the town was to be appropriated by such districts as saw 
fit, to the building and repairing school-houses. District 
No. 2 was extended north to Penjejawock Stream, and 
Joseph Mansell was chosen Committee for the Third 
District. 

By a vote of the town the time of the annual meet- 
ings was changed from March to April, and on April 2, 
1804, there was a change in soine of the officers. Amos 
Patten appears to have withdrawn himself entirely from 
town business. Horatio G. Balch was elected Town 
Clerk. James Thomas, Daniel Campbell, and Robert 
Hickborn were made Selectman and Assessors; William 
Forbes, Treasurer; Samuel E. Dutton, Allen Gilman, 
Horatio G. Balch, Superintending School Committee; 
Allen Gilman, Town Agent. Five hundred dollars were 
raised for schools, $75 for preaching, $1,600 for high- 
ways. Seventy-one votes were cast for Governor; for James 
Sullivan, 44; for Caleb Strong, 26. The meeting for the 
first time was held in a house belonging to the town — 
the school-house in the First District. 

This year the town made some new provisions in re- 
gard to school committees. The Superintending School 
Committee was to consist of three persons, whose duty 
it should be to examine teachers for the several districts 
at such times and seasons as they should think proper, 
and direct them to their districts; that they should fre- 
quently visit the schools and generally superintend and 
direct them. The District Committeeman was re- 
quired to hire the teachers directed to him by the Super- 
intending School Committee, to provide a commodious 
house for the school and firewood, and the teacher with 
convenient "boarding and lodging, etc.," and to advise 
with the Superintending School Committee respecting 
any difficulties "appertaining to the school." No one 
individual should be a member of both committees. 

Mr. Thomas Bradbury, who was honored this year by 
being elected to the several positions of Constable, 
Tythingman, and Hog-reeve, was the constable commis- 
sioned to notify the inhabitants of the meetings for 
choice of Elector, etc., in 1804, Samuel Greenleaf, who 
had peformed the service before, having disappeared 
from the list of constables. The number of voters pres- 
ent at the meeting for choosing Electors was forty-eight. 
The town voted to sell the school-house in the Second 
District. 

This year a party, consisting of William Howe, Amos 
Patten, Josejjh Treat, Samuel Call, William Rice, 
Richard Winslow, and Charles Turner, Jr., made an ex- 
cursion to Mt. Katahdin. They took with them two In- 
dians as guides, whose superstitions about the mountain 
created some difficulty in regard to proceeding, when 
they had accomplished the larger portion of the ascent. 



They had a tradition that no person who had ascended 
the mountain lived to return, and averred that some 
time before seven Indians had resolutely made the as- 
cent, but never returned, having, undoubtedly, become 
the victims of Pomola, the evil spirit who ruled there. 
The guides refused to proceed, but when they found that 
the party was determined to go on without them, they 
became courageous and made an effort to be the first on 
the summit. 

The party was impressed with the extensive and mag- 
nificent views from this isolated mountain, which is 
nearly six thousand feet in altitude. They counted sixty- 
three lakes of different dimensions, which discharge 
their waters by the Penobscot. Mt. Desert was distinctly 
in view and the highlands extending westerly from the 
Bay of Chaleur, which were then the boundary between 
the northeast territory of the United States and the 
British possessions, but which since, by unfortunate 
diplomacy, have been, together with a breadth of nearly 
seventy miles of good Maine territory, surrendered to 
Great Britain. 

Their view was from the highest point towards the east 
end, and "was enchanting." Upon the top of the moun- 
tain they found a plain nearly a mile and a half in length. 
After feasting themselves with a survey of the greater 
portion of Maine for several hours, they deposited a 
sheet of lead, with the initials of their names cut upon 
it, and a bottle of rum corked and leaded, upon the 
highest part of the mountain, and commenced their de- 
scent. Whether the precious deposits have since been 
discovered is not known to the public. It would be 
strange, however, if some old bacchanalian, in a stringent 
period of the Maine law, had not made a successful effort 
to discover them. 



CHAPTER VI. 

Subject of Bridge Over the Kenduskeag .Agitated — Town Officers in 
1805 and .\pproprialions— Fisliing Privileges— .Alexander Savage- 
Town Clerk— Officers and Appropriations in 1806— Schools— First 
Report of School Committee— Vole for Governor— Horatio G. Balch 
Chosen Representative to General Court — Project for Bridge at 
Oane's Ferry — Remonstrance — 1807 — Bridge Question Concluded, 
and Proposals Received for Building are ."Accepted — School-house 
in Second District — Town Meeting There — Bridge at Meadow Brook 
— Vote to have Town .Meetings in March — Votes for Governor — Vole 
to .Make Maine a .State — Breakwater — Emb.irgo Effect in Bangor — 
Toll Bridge Over Kenduskeag River Completed in 1808 — Rev. John 
Sawyer— His Work— His Treatment by the People— Second District 
School-house — Deacon Boyd's Claim — Movement for New Burial- 
ground— Proposition to Suspend Embargo — Black lieath — William 
D. Williamson as Town Clerk— .\rrival ofjoseph I.eavilt— His Notes 
on Bangor — His Contracts for Building a Ship. 

1805 to 1811. The first business of the town in 1805 
was to consider the subject of a bridge across the "Con- 
duskeeg" Stream. .\t a meeting in the school-house in 



548 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the First District, on February 7th, Samuel E. Button, 
Samuel W. Hayes, Amos Patten, John Weeks, and Luke 
Wilder were appointed a committee to receive "com- 
munications from Mr. Little upon the subject of erecting 
abridge;" to draw a plan, make an estimate, and "devise 
the best scheme or schemes," and report at the ne.xt an- 
nual meeting. At that meeting the subject was post- 
poned until the 22d April; then to the 12th September, 
when the town assembled and "voted to dissolve the 
meeting." 

At the town meeting, April 1st, Horatio G. Balch was 
again elected Town Clerk; William Forbes, Treasurer: 
Moses Patten, Timothy Crosby, Luke Wilder, Selectmen 
and Assessors; Samuel E. Button, Allen Oilman, H. G. 
Balch, Superintending School Committee; and Allen 
Oilman, Town Agent. Apjjropriations were made : For 
Schools, $500 ; for "the support (jf the Gospel," $100 ; 
for highways, $1,400; and this vote extraordinary was 
passed : "Voted, the thanks of this town to Mr. John 
Minot and Joseph Cleavland for their faithful and extra- 
ordinary services as schoolmasters for the past year." 

Allen Oilman, Samutl Call, and Amos Patten were 
appointed a committee to ascertain if the town had the 
right to use the fishing privileges in town, or receive the 
profits of them. Middle and Fore streets were accepted. 

James Thomas received thirty-three votes, and Robert 
Treat six, for Representative to the General Court. 

The closing business of the year related to the bridge 
across "Conduskeag" Stream. On the 21st of Becem- 
ber the town voted not to build a free bridge, but to 
petition the General Court for liberty to build a toll 
bridge the ensuing year. 

Alexander Savage had now become a resident of Ban- 
gor, and being a better penman than those who had be- 
fore kept the records, the town selected him for Town 
Clerk at the annual meeting in 1806, and retained him 
in that capacity for two years. Moses Patten, Nathaniel 
Harlow, and Timothy Crosby were Selectmen and As- 
sessors; Samuel E. Button, Treasurer; Allen Oilman, 
Town Agent: and Samuel Call, Samuel E. Button; and 
Samuel Call, Samuel E. Button, and Jacob McGaw, 
Superintending School Committee for 1806. 

The town appropriated this year $600 for schools, 
$150 for preaching, and $1,600 for highways, and voted 
to build two pounds. 

The interest in the schools was increasing, and the 
Superintending School Committee of the last year made 
some propositions to the town for their iinprovement — 
among others, that the Superintending School Committee 
should visit the schools immediately after their com- 
mencement and immediately before their close, and en- 
deavor to form the best possible opinion of their prog- 
ress in literature, and report the same and such other 
thmgs as they should deem necessary, that the town 
might "know to what advantage the money raised for the 
support of schools is disposed of;" that they should ex- 
amine teachers and recommend to the district commit- 
tees in writing those suitably qualified, and dismiss 
teachers who did not properly perform their duties as 
instructors, and have charge of all school concerns of 



I 



the first and second districts; that there should be a com- 
mittee for each of the third, fourth, and fifth districts, 
who, among other things, should notify the Superintend- 
ing School Committee seasonably when the schools com- 
menced and when they were to close. '1 

The propositions were adopted and regulations accord- 
ing with them were established. 

The conmiittee for the first time made a report, by 
which it appeared that Mr. Sumner taught the school in 
the first district, but owing to want of information when 
it was to close, they could form no opinion in regard to 
its progress. The case was the same in the second dis- 
trict when under Mr. Minot, but after Mr. Foster took 
the school in the winter, they visited it at its commence- 
ment and at its close, and were "happy to state that dur- 
ing its six weeks' tuition under Mr. Foster, the scholars 
made handsome progress; particularly in writing." They 
further reported that in the third district there had been 
no school during the year except for a very short time; 
that in the fourth district the inhabitants had saved their 
money for a school-house and had only a private school, 
and that they had not understood that any attention had 
been paid to schools in the fifth district during the year. 
[This district was probably on the west side of the 
stream and north of the first district]. 

The votes this year were for James Sullivan for Gov- 
ernor, 65; Caleb Strong, 27; William Heath, i. At least 
103 votes were cast in town meeting, showdng that the 
population exceeded 500. 

The inhabitants were exercised upon the subject of 
pounds. There had been two, but they were not equal 
to the needs of the town in location or quality; therefore 
they wisely determined to have two that would be, and 
appointed a committee upon the subject, who, at an 
adjourned meeting, reported one on the southerly side of 
the Condeskeag Stream, easterly side of the bridge over 
the brook, below the corner of Main and Emerson' 
streets [running under Eastern Railroad Station]; and 
one on the north side of the Condeskeag Stream, four 
feet from the easterly side of the Howard Brook on the 
north side of the road. The report was accepted, and 
$ 1 5o appropriated for building the pounds. 

Horatio Gates Balch was chosen Representative to 
the General Court. 

The question of the bridge was again sprung upon the 
town by a notice that John Barker and others had peti- 
tioned the General Court for liberty to build one at 
Crane's Ferry, which was not far from the foot of Water 
street. James Thomas, Nathaniel Harlow, and William 
Hammond were appointed to draw up a remonstrance 
against the petition, and the Representative to the Gen- 
eral Court was instructed to advocate the petition of the 
town for leave to build a bridge across Conduskeag River 
at the county road (Main street). 

At an adjourned meeting on May 15th the remon- 
strance was presented to the town and approved. It set 
forth "that the Conduskeag River, so called, empties into 
the river Penobscot, the confluence of which forms the 
harbor of Bangor; that from the mouth of said harbor, 
seventy-five rods or thereabouts, up said Conduskeag, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



549 



holding and continuing the width from the mouth of said 
river of from eight hundred to four hundred and fifty 
feet, with the depth of water in said river of from twenty- 
four to sixteen feet, and is sufficiently navigable for ves- 
sels of any burthen ; " . . " that on each side of said 
Conduskeag River there are a number of wharves, stores, 
and ware-houses, handsomely situated, with many lots 
and privileges, regularly laid out, on the banks of the 
river, where much business is done, and much more may 
be done if our navigable waters are not obstructed;" 

. . "that Crane's Ferry crosses at the mouth of said 
Conduskeag River (the place prayed tor by the said John 
Barker and others): that a bridge extended across the 
Conduskeag River agreeably to the jsrayer of their peti- 
tion would not only materially injure and sacrifice the 
property of individuals by abridging their rights and priv- 
ileges, but would destroy the harbor of Bangor without 
benefiting the public good." 

The people were now fully awake upon the subject, 
and on March i6, 1807, appointed a committee, consist- 
ing of Luke Wilder, Joseph Treat, Andrew Morse, Wil- 
liam Boyd, and Horatio G. Balch, to make a plan and es- 
timate of the cost of the bridge, and to "devise the most 
proper means to raise " the same. 

At a meeting on the 23d, Jeremiah Dudley, Joseph 
Treat, Luke Wilder, James Thomas, and Allen Oilman, 
w^ere appointed a committee to receive proposals for 
erecting a bridge. On the 30th the committee reported 
a proposition, signed by Moses and A. Patten, Perkins 
& Parker, Joseph Whipple, Ebenezer Webster, Isaac 
Hatch, Samuel E. Button, and Jacob McGaw, that, with 
others, they would be incorporated at the ne.\t session of 
the Legislature, with the privilege of a toll for twenty 
years, to build a handsome bridge across the " Kendus- 
keag,"* this season, thirty-two feet in width, with side- 
walks, and they would enter into a contract with the 
town to relinquish the toll to the inhabitants, if the 
town would pay them annually, for the first five years, 
$200; for the second five years, $250 annually; for the 
third, $400 annually; and for the fourth five years, $600 
per year, and at the expiration of twenty years convey 
and deliver the bridge to the town in good repair; but 
the contractors were to have toll in the meantime from 
persons not taxed in the town. The proposition was ac- 
cepted, and Jacob McGaw, James Thomas, and Allen 
Oilman, were appointed a committee to draft a petition 
to the Legislature to " transfer the right of the town to a 
toll, and for a /urther time of ten years." The contract 
was completed April 1 3. 

Thomas Bradbury, who it will be recollected was in 
1803 elected constable, tythingman, and hog-reeve, was 
this year raised to the important position of Tow'n Clerk, 
vice Savage. His handwriting was not so good as Mr. 
Savage's, but he evidently took pains to make it read- 
able. 

A new school-house had been built in the second dis- 
trict of a somewhat pretentious appearance. It had a 
tower, belfry, and bell. It stood on the lot of the city 
where the brick house now- stands, at the corner of State 

* Spelled so for the first time. 



and Pine streets. Its tower projected from the end on 
the street all the way from the foundation. All about it 
was an open field, but at a little distance from the north- 
erly corner was a fine grove of white oaks. Like the 
school-house in the first district, it never experienced the 
adornment of paint. In this house, in 1S07, the annual 
town meeting was held. Horatio (i. Balch, Andrew 
Morse, and David W. Haynes were elected Selectmen; 
William Forbes, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; 
Jacob McGaw, Samuel E. Dutton, Horatio (i. Balch, 
Superintending School Committee; and Thomas Brad- 
bury, Tythingman. For schools $600 were appropriated; 
for the ministry $300; and $1,400 for highways. A 
bridge had been built over Meadow Brook on Harlow 
street, and John Weeks was allowed this year $18 for his 
services upon it in 1805. Mr. Weeks built and lived in 
a little cottage on the hill north of the brook. 

The town voted that their annual meeting for the 
election of town (jfficers should be held in March in 
future; also that the Selectmen should petition the Legis- 
lature to incorporate the Bridge Company. 

James Sullivan had 80 votes for Governor; Caleb 
Strong 26; Levi Lincoln had 80 votes for Lieutenant 
Governor, Edward Robbins 26; George Ulmer and Wil- 
liam King had 80 votes for Senators, Samuel Thatcher 
and John Crosby 26. 

The town voted 68 to 19 in favor of a separation of 
the District of Maine from Massachusetts, in order to be- 
ing created into a State. 

Caleb Strong, Federalist, was elected Governor in 1806, 
though Lieutenant Governor Heath and both Houses of 
the Legislature were of opposite politics. 

It was by this Legislature that Orono was incorporated, 
embracing Marsh Island within its limits. It was settled 
originally by Jeremiah Colburn, Joshua Eayres, and John 
Marsh. Eayres and Colburn came first and settled 
southerly of the Island; Marsh settled upon the Island 
and it was named for him. That part of it which was 
connected with Condeskeag at first, was called Dead- 
w'ater. Afterward one Owen Madden, who had been 
with Burgoyne's army, and stationed at Stillwater, New 
York, suggested that Stillwater would be a more agreeable 
name than Deadwater, and it was adopted. He was an 
ambulatory schoolmaster between Stillwater and Condus- 
keag, but he had army habits, like Parson Noble, and his 
brain was often obfuscated. His education and disposi- 
tion, however, were both good. 

The religious people were not indifferent to the relig- 
ious needs of Bangor. The appropriation of $300 for 
preaching is evidence that their influence was increasing. 
They even procured a vote appointing a committee, con- 
sisting of William Boyd, Samuel E. Dutton, and Luke 
Wilder, to get information in regard to the most advan- 
tageous plan for a meeting-house, and receive proposals 
for erecting such a house, and to report at a future meet- 
ing. 

The town reconsidered the vote by which they gave to 
the Superintending School Committee greater power over 
the first district than they had over the third, fourth, 
and fifth districts. 



550 



tttSTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



The votes for County Treasurer were : For Martin 
Kinsley, 40; Eben Floyd, 28. For Representative to 
the Legislature, James Thomas had 44 votes; Luke 
Wilder, 10. 

The contractors for building the bridge proposed to the 
town to exchange the contract with them, as individuals, 
for one with the President and Directors of the Bangor 
Bridge Company, incorporated; and to extend the time 
for completing the bridge until the last of September, 
1808. The propositions were not acceded to. The con- 
tract required its completion by the ist of May, iSoS. 

On December 30 the town met for the purpose of con- 
sidering propositions for ilie removal of the courts from 
Castine to Buckstown, and for petitioning the Legislature 
for a division of the county of Hancock. The Select- 
men were instructed to remonstrate against the removal 
of the Courts. The county project was not acted on. 

War existed in Europe. Bonapaite's Berlin and Milan 
decrees were promulgated — the first in November, de- 
claring the British Islands in a state of blockade; the 
last, on December 17, declaring that any ship which 
should be found on a voyage to the British dominions, 
or should pay that Government a tax or duty, or submit 
to be searched by the English, could be lawfully seized. 
These decrees were followed by the retaliatory Orders in 
Council of the British of January 7 and November 11, 
1807, interdicting the trade of all neutrals not in amity 
with Great Britain, and by the direction of the King of 
Great Britain that subjects born in his dominions should 
be seized, in whatever foreign service they might be 
found. 

American commerce suffered from these orders and 
decrees. American vessels in the carrying trade were 
seized; they were also brought to by British men-of-war 
and boaided, and not only Englishmen, but Americans, 
were impressed, under the pretense that they were Eng- 
lish. 

With the remembrance of the wrongs the Americans 
had suffered from the British fresh in their minds, and 
with that natural sensitiveness that weaker nations pos- 
sess at any seeming manifestation of supremacy over 
them by a more powerful nation, it was not difficult to 
revive their ancient feelings of hostility. The taking of 
one white man and four black men by the British frigate 
Leopard from the American Chesapeake, a weaker vessel, 
and the hanging of the white and forcing the blacks into 
the British navy, altliough there was no question that they 
were Americans, aroused the whole country. President 
Jefferson ordered British ships to leave American waters, 
and demanded reparation. The British Government 
disavowed the act, recalled Admiral Berkeley, under 
whose orders it was committed, and offered to restore the 
black sailors, and a pecuniary satisfaction to the families 
of the killed and to ihe wounded of the Chesapeake, on 
condition that the President would revoke his proclama- 
tion closing American ports to British ships. This he 
refused to do. But the British Government would not 
abandon the right of search and impressment on board 
private ships. On December 18, 1S07, Mr. Jefferson 
sent a message to both Houses of Congress, recommend- 



i 



ing the first measure of the "Restrictive System," "anin-'- 
hibition of the departure of our vessels from the ports of 
the LTnited States." The Federalists opposed it, and 
John Quincy Adams, who had before acted with theni, 
joined the Democrats and voted for the Embargo, which 
became a law in four days after its recommendation. 
This was felt to be a great calamity by the commercial 
men of Massachusetts.* 

The people of Bangor, however, were not so much in- 
terested in navigation as to condemn Mr. Jefferson for 
proposmg the measure, as they deemed it retaliatory on 
the British nation and would operate to its injury and 
to our benefit; therefore their vote for James Sullivan, the 
Democratic candidate for Governor, continued to increase. 
Whether their perseverance was to receive no check, re- 
mains to be disclosed. 

The year 1808 was an era in the history of Bangor, for 
the two sides of the stream then became untted by a 
connection that has never yet been broken, and which 
will continue as long as there is a living people within its 
limits, viz., the bridge. 

A meeting was held on January 14 to act upon a re- 
quest to pay Rev. John Sawyer for his ministerial labors, 
and to see if the town would agree upon the appropria- 
tion of the money raised for the support of the Gospel 
which was not yet expended. They voted to give Mr. 
Sawyer four dollars a day for the days he had preached, 
then reconsidered the vote and voted to give him " fifty 
dollars for his attention on funeral occasions in said 
town ; " then voted to suspend the appropriation of the 
money unexpended until the next annual meeting, and 
refused to raise a committee to secure preaching while 
the funds were sufficient. 

Mr. Sawyer came to Bangor about 1807. He was born 
in Hebron, Connecticut, October 9, 1755, therefore was 
over fifty years of age when he came. He was a volun- 
teer in the American army in 1777, and was at Saratoga 
at the surrender of Burgoyne. He afterwards gave his 
attention to study and was graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
lege in 1786, having entered in 1781. He studied the- 
ology and was ordained to preach in Oxford in 1787. 
After nine years he accepted a call to preach in Booth- 
bay. There he remained ten years, when he was dis- 
missed by his own request, and removed to Newcastle. 
From this time his work commenced as a missionary, and 
believing that he could accomplish something among the 
jjeople of Penobscot, he pitched his tent in Bangor. 
There was need of his services. He said that when he 
came here there was but one man who gave him evidence 
of being a true Christian. This was, probably. Deacon 
Boyd. 

Besides preaching i\Ir. Sawyer taught school, by which 
he eked out a livelihood. He was promised two hundred 
dollars, probably by leading men, under the belief that 
the town would give him two hundred of the three hun- 
dred dollars that had been voted. But the town refused 
to give him more than fifty dollars, and that only for his 
services at funerals — emphatically nothing for preaching. 

Dr. Shepard says: "It is said that those in power 



' Life of Jositih Quincy, 121. 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



551 



about this time, or some of them, though not learned, 

yet affected literaiy rei)utation, and attempted to reacli it 
by using some large words, declaring on one occasion, 
after an examination, that they had perambulated the 
school-master and found him qualified." 

Mr. Sawyer was a great preacher of the doctrines, and 
was not interesting to the " unregcnerate, " of whom evi- 
dently the community was mainly composed. Besides, 
he was extremely prolix. Captain Hart, a relic of the 
Revolution, used to say of him : "Mr. Sawyer is a good 
man and a strong preacher, but he has a little too much 
of 'once more, my brethren; twentiethly, once more, my 
brethren; and again; H-m-m." 

Mr. Sawyer remained in Bangor about six years, in 
which period occurred that terrible epidemic called the 
"black death." It was so fatal that he officiated at a 
hundred funerals in the course of a year. He removed 
to Garland, where he made his home. He was devoted 
to his work ; made frequent and long journeys on horse- 
back to minister to the religious needs of the people. 

He was largely instrumental in establishing the Theo- 
logical Seminary, which has flourished for more than half 
a century in Bangor. He accomplished much good. 
It is said that in the old town meeting-liouse in Brewer 
he received sixty persons into tlie church and baptized 
thirty children in one day. He lived to the age of one 
hundred and three, maintaining his mental faculties 
nearly to his death. On his hundredth birthday he de- 
livered a discourse to a large assembly in the Central 
Congregational church in Bangor. He was quite vigor- 
ous. His voice was strong, his delivery clear, and his 
discourse very well connected. His death occured on 
October 14, 1858. 

The annual meeting in 1808 occurred on March 14. 
It was held in the school-house in the second district. 
Mr. Bradbury was again elected Town Clerk ; Andrew 
Morse, David W. Haynes, and James Carr, Selectmen; 
the same Selectmen were constituted Superintending 
School Committee; William Foi bes, Treasurer ; Jacob 
McGaw, Town ."Xgent. Dr. Hosea Rich, who had made 
his residence here since 1S06, was made one of the 
Health Officers. Among the appropriations were $650 
for schools ; $200 for preaching; $400 for town charges. 
William Boyd, Jonathan Plummer, and Joseph Carr were 
appointed to expend the money for ]ireaching. 

\ connnittee was ap[)ointed to purchase land for a 
burial ground, and the Selectjnen were recommended to 
l)urchase a pall. 

Jeremiah Dudley, Moses Patten, and Jacob McGaw 
were made a committee on accounts, and to them was 
referred a claim of Deacon Boyd for -services and ex- 
penditures in the recovery of one John Horton, who, 
when Mr. Boyd was Selectman in 1798, was left upon 
his hands by the master of a vessel who brought him 
into port as a passenger from Boston, sick of yellow 
fever. Deacon Boyd took Horton's note for his indebt- 
edness, but as he could not collect it, he called upon the 
town for reimbursement. The committee reported that 
from the manner in which the business had been done, 
the town had no remedy against the town where Horton 



had his legal settlement, therefore should not pay any- 
thing of Mr. PjojxI's claim. They, however, recom- 
mended that the town make a present of $15 to Mr. 
Boyd "as a testimony of the estimation with which we 
behold every charitable act by a citizen of said town 
towards a stranger in distress." The report was ac- 
cepted and $15 voted to Deacon Boyd. This is the first 
sum voted by Bangor for a purpose not authorized by 
law. 

Messrs. Amasa Stetson, Zadork French, and Robert 
Lapish proposed to give the town a piece of land 
near the school-house to be kept forever for a market- 
place, and Jacob McGaw, John Balch, and James Carr 
were made a committee to confer with them in relation 
thereto. 

At the gubernatorial meeting, .\pril 4, the vote for 
James Sullivan, for Governor, was 92, for Christopher 
Gore 35; for Fevi Fincoln, for Lieutenant-Governor, gr, 
for David Cobb 37; for William King, for Senator, 90, 
and Francis Carr 96, for William Vinall 5, for Samuel 
Thatcher and Theodore Lincoln, each 36. 

At an adjourned meeting the Committee on the Burial 
Ground reported that they had examined two pieces of 
ground, one belonging to Captain Hatch on the west side 
of the stream, and a piece belonging to Messrs. Stetson 
and Lapish on the east side; that the piece of Captain 
Hatch contained one and three-quarters acres, and could 
be had for $200; the piece owned by Messrs. Stetson 
and Lapish was on a gravelly swell of ground on the new 
road made through the lots about half a mile from the 
Point, but the owners were absent and they could not 
consult them. That on the west, side was a gravelly hill^ 
or rather bluff, extending from where the court-house 
now is to where the Savary House stands. The highest 
point of this bluff was about easterly from the Savary 
House over where Court street is. It was a beautiful 
spot, and no one at that time dreamed that in thirty or 
forty years its contents would have been spread over the 
streets, and that far below its summit would pass one of 
the most used thoroughfares of a city. The committee 
proposed that action be deferred until more could be 
learned respecting the lot on the east side of the stream. 

The town accepted a street between the end of Wash- 
ington .street and what is now Hancock street, at Boyd's 
Eddy; "approbated" a petition of individuals to the 
Legislature to be incorporated for the purpose of build- 
ing a meeting-house; accepted Broad street from the 
Kenduskeag Bridge to Water street; Hammond street 
from the Bridge to Ohio street; Independent street, and 
the road near John Weeks's, crossing land of Widow 
Smart. This was near "Morse's Hill." 

The report of a committee, consisting of James Carr, 
Allen Gilnian, and Andrew Morse, to settle with the 
Bridge Company, was accepted, and the taxed inhabitants 
of the town, with every member of their family and per- 
son in their employ — a certificate of the fact having been 
left with the toll-gatherer two days before availing them- 
selves of the right -were to pass free of toll for twenty 
years from November i, 1808, also all horses, carriages, 
teams in the emjiloy, and all cows, oxen, sheep, and 



552 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



swine, the property of said inhabitants. The bridge, 
thirty-two feet in width, with sidewalks four feet in width, 
was to be maintained by the corporation during twenty 
years, and then surrendered fully to the town, they hav- 
ing paid annually agreeably to the contract proposed on 
March 30, and completed on April 13, 1807. 

The effects of the embargo had now been for sometime 
experienced in the depression of the market for lumber 
and fish, which were the chief exports of Bangor. " Busi- 
ness of every kind was in a ruinous condition. Dwelling 
houses were so far advanced as to supply shelter to 
families in most cases, but remained in such an un- 
finished state as to indicate the poverty or great embar- 
rassment of their owners."* 

Mechanics could find employment barely sufficient for 
support, and traders found it difficult to maintain their 
standing with Boston merchants, and habits of extreme 
economy were adopted. 

The opponents of the administration took advantage 
of this state of affairs to inflame the people against it. A 
meeting was held October lo, called by the "request of 
a number of inhabitants," to see if the inhabitants would 
petition the President to suspend the embaigo acts, so 
far as by law authorized, and to "take the opinion of the 
inhabitants on such other matters in relation to the 
safety and support of our Federal Republican (iovern- 
ment"as might be brought before the town. 

The record of the proceedings of that meeting is very 
concise. With the exception of the first, under >vhich 
Major John Balch was made moderator. Every article in 
the warrant was dismissed. 

This year James Thomas had sixty votes for Repre- 
sentative to the Legislature, and Luke Wilder twenty- 
one. Barzillai Gannett had fifty-four votes for Repre- 
sentative to Congress, and Thomas Rice thirty-four. 

In addition to the depression in business and dis- 
couragement necessarily occasioned by governmental ac- 
tion for the purpose of compelling the more respectful 
regard of the British, was the epidemic before mentioned, 
which continued from the year 1808 to 18 10, and was so 
fatal that in Hampden, from one point, were counted 
eighteen houses, in each of which was the dead body of 
at least one of its victims.! It was doubtless in one of 
these years that Rev. Mr. Sawyer attended one hundred 
funerals. 

Notwithstanding all these calamities, the people com- 
menced the municipal year 1809 by dismissing the con- 
sideration of the proposition to raise money for the "sup- 
port of the Gospel," and contenting themselves with rais- 
mg $650 for schools; $1,000 for roads; $400 for town 
charges; and $400 for the bridge. 

Thomas Bradbury disappears as Town Clerk, and 
Samuel W. Hayes is elected ; Andrew Morse, Asa Davis, 
and Jonathan Plummer are made Selectmen; James 
Carr, Abner Taylor, and William Forbes, Assessors; 
Joseph Carr, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; 
and Jacob McGaw, Samuel E. Dutton and William 1). 
Williamson, Superintending School Committee. 

*McGaw's .Sketch, 
f Banjjor Centennial, 46. 



The action of the General Government had begun to 
have its influence upon the politics of the State in 1808, 
and upon the politics of Bangor in 1809. Governor 
Sullivan's majority was reduced in 1808. In 18^9 
Christopher Gore, the Federal candidate, was elected 
over Levi Lincoln by a majority of 2,788 votes, and 
David Cobb was elected Lieutenant Governor over Jos- 
eph B. Varnum. The vote of Bangor for Lincoln was 
80, six less than the Democratic vote of 1808, and the 
vote for Ciore was 55, twenty more than in the year before. 

Francis Carr and William King each had 87 votes for 
Senator; Theodore Lincoln & Mark L. Hill, each 51; 
Ephraim Gobdale had 56 votes for County Treasurer; 
Ebenezer Floyd, 44. 

The votes for Representative to the Legislature were: 
for James Carr, 70; Joseph Treat, 40; Charles Ham- 
mond, I. 

In 1810 the town exchanged Mr. Samuel W. Hayes, 
(whose method of keeping records would not at all com- 
pare with that of his grandson, who was elected City 
Clerk of Bangor in 1871), for Thomas Bradbury again. 
The Selectmen this year were Moses Patten, Joseph Carr, 
and James Drummond; Assessors, James Carr, Wiltiara 
Forbes, Moses Giddings; Treasurer, William D.Wil- 
liamson; Moses Patten, Joseph Carr, and James Drum- 
mond, Superintending School Committee; and seventeen 
of the most respectable men in the town, Hog-reeves for 
the amusement of the wags; $ too were raised to defray 
town charges; $800 for schools; nothing for the "sup- 
port of the Gospel;" $200 for the Bridge Company; 
$1,000 for highways. The erection of a hay-scale was 
provided for; a communication from the town of Milton, 
relating to the kine-pock, was referred to a committee 
consisting of Jacob McGaw, James Carr, and William 
D. Williamson, who had been appointed to draft a by-law 
for the future regulation of the Health Committee; and 
voted to accept any lands which might be offered for 
public use. 

William I). Williamson now appears as "T. Clerk 
pro temijore." How he was appointed, the recrjrds do 
not show, but his hand-writing, though not so elegant as 
Mr. Savage's, is bold and vigorous, and his records are 
clear and intelligible. His first record is that of a war- 
rant directed to John Ham, constable, requiring him to 
warn the "male inhabitants" having an annual income of 
three pounds or any estate of the value of sixty pounds, 
to give in their votes for Governor, Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor, Senators, and "Counsellors," on April 2, at the 
school-house, second district. 

At this meeting Elbridge Gerry had 82 votes and 
Christopher Gore-58 votes for Governor; William Gray, 
84 votes for Lieutenant Governor, and David Cobb, 57. 
The number of votes for the other officers was nearly the 
same. For County Treasurer, Ephrairn Goodale had 
43 votes; Bradshaw Hall, 37; Benjamin Poor, 7. 

At a meeting on May 12, Mr. Bradbury, the Town 
Clerk, being still absent William D. Williamson was made 
and sworn Town Clerk pro tern. For Representative to 
the General Court James Carr had 59 votes, Robert 
Parker, 30, and Moses Patten, i. Carr was elected. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



553 



A road laid out by Messrs. Patten and Le Gro, from 
Hammond street to the west line of the town, "in a direc- 
tion for, Miller's Mills, in Hampden," and certain roads 
and streets laid out by Aniasa Stetson and others, were 
accepted. 

The Representative in Congress this year, Barzillai 
Gannett, had 24 votes; Thomas Rice 19. The meet- 
ing was held Nov. 5. 

This year Joseph Leavitt, Esq., with his wife, removed 
from Lee, New Hampshire, to Bangor. He came by 
land, by way of Augusta. He found the road generally 
good, with the e.xception of about thirty miles, from 
Unity to Bangor. Twenty miles of road was "intolerably 
bad. Over ten miles his wife rode on a hired horse, 
while with the help of a man he hired he got his own horse 
and chaise over it. He arrived on the 8th of October. 
We have his description and views of the town at that 
time in the following extract from his journal : 

Bangor is a pleasantly situated town at the westerly side and at the 
head of the tide of the great Penobscot River, at the confluence of the 
Kenduslieag .Stream. The principal settlements wliich aie now made 
are about equally divided by the stream, the whole cont.aining about 
two hundred families. 

The tr.iding and mercantile interests consist of about twenty traders, 
with small stocks, and, I believe, with small capitals. Little or no nav- 
gation is now owned, although several vessels the present season have 
been built, to wit: a brig by John Barker, and a brig by Perkins & 
Parker of about two hundred tons. The Carrs own, and have sent 
out to Europe, a schooner of about eighty or ninety tons, with timber. 
Another company of eight have purchased and loaded a ship of about 
two hundred tons and sent her to Liverpool. But a part of the com- 
pany live in Bangor. Marshall owns a small sloop of about thirty tons, 
The above-named, I believe, comprise all the mercantile interest here. 
No meeting-house, several school-houses, several tolerable houses, 
partly finished. On the whole, the place has the appearance of but 
little wealth. The inhabitants generally complain of the effects of 
the late embargo law, and the other restrictions on our general 
commerce, and attribute the slow improvement to that cause. It 
may be just, but I am of the opinion tliat there are other causes — say 
idleness, stupor, drinking, and some extravagance, etc. 

The country around is new. But few settlers, very poor, want credit; 
obtain it, and goes directly to their ruin; never pay till sued, then their 
stock, if any they have, is taken; otherwise their land goes, and they go 
to jail. 

However, there are some few likely, industrious men, lately moved into 
the back settlements, do well, and will soon be wealthy farmers. They 
repoit generally favorably of the interior. .'\t this time lumber is the 
staple; some fish. 

.Mr. Leavitt immediately went into trade with James 
Bartlett, with whom he had previously been in company 
in Portland. Trade not being found profitable there, they 
removed their stock to Bangor in September, and Mr. Lea- 
vitt made it up to $7,000. In November he completed a 
contract with " 1 -ieuetenant Daniel Webster of Bangor, and 
tenant Ebenezer Webster of Oiono (two brothers), for 
a ship, burthen 250 tons, to be got off the ist day of Octo- 
ber, 181 1." 

On November 22 a new single-deck bng of the Pattens 
& Taylor, sailed for Liver])ool. 



CHAPTER vn. 

Unpropitious Opening of the Year 1811 — Religious Freedom — Law- 
Preaching — Rev. Harvey Loomis — Organization of First Congre- 
gational Church— Ordination of Mr. Looinis — Eflfect on the Town — 
Effect of the Non-intercourse Act in Bangor — Penobscot County 
Contemplated — Cold Opening of the Year 1812 — Town Election — 
Twenty-seven Hog-reeves — Fish Street— Mr. Leavitt's Trade with 
James Pennim.an — Embargo April 4, 1814— Pushaw Road — Efforts 
to Provide a Place of Public Worship — Court-House Projected — Vote 
to Petition Legislature for a New County — .Singular Proposition- 
Mr. l^eavitt's E.vperience with Shipping. 

181 1-1812-1813. The year iSii opened unpropi- 
tiously for Bangor. The restrictions on commerce con- 
tinued. Business continued dull, and, says Mr. Leavitt's 
journal, "a very extraordinary time for bread, corn, etc. 
All provisions scarce." 

The administration of Massachusetts was Democratic 
in 1810 and 1811. Elbridge Gerry was Governor and 
William Gray Lieutenant Governor. Several important 
acts were passed, such as the "Religious Freedom" law, 
by which when a town issued money for religious pur- 
poses, every individual might have that portion assessed 
to him applied towards supporting a minister of his own 
denomination. Circuit Courts of Common Pleas were 
established. There were three Circuits in Maine; the 
Third embraced the eastern counties, Hancock and 
Washington ; and Williain Crosby, of Belfast, Martin 
Kinsley, of Hampden, and William Campbell, of Har- 
rington, were appointed the Judges in this Circuit. 

At the annual meeting Mr. Bradbury was again elected 
Town Clerk; Joseph Carr, James Drummond, Edward 
Sargent, were elected Selectmen and Overseers of the 
Poo'r. This is the first year in which any action appears 
by the records to have been taken in relation to the poor. 

\\'illiam D. Williamson was made Treasurer and Town 
Agent. Jacob McGaw, Josei)h Carr, and William D. 
Williamson, Superintending School Committee. 

The sum raised for town charges was $400; for schools, 
$600; for highways, $1,300, and $200 for the Bridge 
Company. 

The votes for Governor were for Elbridge Gerry 71, 
Christopher Gore 43; for Lieutenant-Governor, William 
Gray had 72, William Phillips 44; Joseph Carr had 48 
votes for Representative to the Legislature, and was 
elected; Robert Parker had 37. 

Notwithstanding the niggardliness of the town in re- 
gard to paying for preaching, they were occasionally 
favored with it. Sometimes a Congregationalist, some- 
times a Methodist, and sometimes a Ba])tist would oc- 
cupy the desk of the school-house, and the attention of 
the people was directed to the consideration of religious 
concerns. On Sunday, January 6th, Rev. Mr. May, 
Congregationalist, preached; on the 27th, Rev. Mr. 
Mudge, Methodist; on February 3, Rev. Mr. Sawyer, 
Congregationalist; on the 10th Rev. Mr. Merrill, Baptist; 
March 3, 17, 31, April 7, and July 29, Rev. Mr. Oli- 
phant, Methodist. Mr. Leavitt says: 

Sunday, 11 [.'\ugust]. A Mr. Loomis preached. .\ young man. A 
good preacher. A candidate for settlement. A Congregationalist and 
Calvinist also. Old Elder Snow, of Thomaston, preached a lecture; he 
holds the Savior died for a part, nut for the whole. 



554 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



« 



Rev. Professor Shepard gives this account of Mr. 

Loomis's advent into Bangor: 

Fatlier Sewall had an appointment to preach hi Bangor on a certain 

Sabbath in , 1811. But lie could not come, and falling in 

with Mr. Loomis, who had just preached a Sabbath or two in , 

engaged him to come. He came, making his first introduction Satur- 
day eve to Mr. Crosby's family, of Hampden. Sunday morning 
he presented himself to the assembled congregation in Bangor — greatly 
to the disappointment of the people. A stranger, a young man, in the 
place of him they loved to hear ! But they thought better of it at the 
close. Mr. Snow, a shipwright and a Methodist professor, rose in his 
place and said. Amen to the doctrine — and all the people said. Amen 
to the man. They cared little for the doctrine, but they were struck 
with the man. He was fine-looking — had a sweet voice — was a taking 
speaker — to crown all, he evidently was an agreeable man, and every 
heart and voice said, "he is the one for our minister." They settled 
him, and he was a wonderful fit. 

He preached several Sundays in August, September 
and October, and on October 19 the town assembled 
and appointed Joseph Carr, John Barker, and Moses 
Patten a committee to wait upon Rev. Mr. Loomis, and 
make these propositions: — That the town would give him 
$600 a year for the first two years of his ministry; $700 
a year for the next two years; and $800 a year during the 
residue of his ministry; that the term of his ministry 
should not expire until two-thirds of the male members 
of his society should wish the connection dissolved, and 
that they would then give him six months' salary. Mr. 
Loomis wished for time to consider the matter and to 
consult his friends. Thought the salary offered ''gener- 
ous considering the present situation of the town,'' though 
he should expect, in case his "situation required it, and 
the prosperous condition of the town permitted it, some 
eight or ten years hence, to receive additional salary." 

On November 23, the committee reported Mr. 
Loomis's answer accepting the call. Whereupon the 
town appointed Samuel E. Button, Jacob McGaw, and 
William D. Williamson a committee to execute an agree- 
ment with Mr. Loomis and to provide for his ordination. 
The agreement was made on the basis of the proposition 
first made to the gentleman, and was executed on the 
20th of November, 181 1. On the same day an eccle- 
siastical council convened for the purpose of establishing 
a church and ordaining Mr. Harvey Loomis as their pas- 
tor. 

There were present, from the church in Belfast, Deacon 
Goddard and Mr. Benjamin Poor. F"rom the church 
in Bluehill, Rev. Mr. Fisher. From the church in Cas- 
tine. Rev. Mr. Mason. From the church in Buckstown, 
Rev. Mr. Blood and Mr. Enoch Page. From the church 
in Penobscot, Rev. Mr. Spaulding and Mr. Samuel Was- 
son. 

Mr. Blood was chosen scribe, and Rev. Mr. Johnson, 
of Belfast, Moderator, who opened the council with 
prayer. 

Rev. Mr. Sawyer was invited to assist in the council. 

Upon a ]3latform there adopted. Deacon William Boyd, 
Stephen S. Crosby, and William D. Williamson were re- 
ceived and acknowledged as the Church of Bangor. 

The council being satisfied with the call, credentials 
and examination of the candidate, voted to proceed with 
his ordination on the morrow. The ordination took 
place accordingly. Rev. Mr. Fisher made the introduc- 



tory prayer. Rev. Mr. Gillett, of Hallowell, preached 
the sermon. Rev. Mr. Sawyer made the consecrating 
prayer. Rev. Mr. Johnson gave the charge. Rev. Mr. 
Blood gave the right hand of felowship. Rev. Mr. 
Mason made the concluding prayer. Mr. Leavitt says: 
"The whole was conducted with much decorum. The 
text was from Jeremiah, 61, 2: 'To proclaim the ac- 
ceptable year of the Lord.' The discourse was exultant." 

Prior to the settlement of Mr. Loomis, the Sabbath 
was little observed. The streets were thronged with 
idlers, whose disregard of the day was shameful. This 
was gradually changed after the establishment of regular 
meetings, and the town became as well ordered on that 
day as any New England town. 

The non-intercourse act of Mr. Jefferson's administra- 
tion went into effect on the 2d of March of this year. It 
was designed to operate against England. The Berlin 
and Milan decrees had been revoked by the French Em- 
peror, and the .■\merican restrictive measures ceased to 
operate against France nearly simultaneously with that 
revocation November i, 1810. Great Britain, however, 
had not repealed the obnoxious Orders in Council, hence 
the enforcement of the non-intercourse act. But there 
were many attemjits to evade it. A vessel from Martin- 
ique with a cargo of molasses was seized at Bangor in 
March. Several other vessels had been seized in the 
river, but bonded. 

Mr. Leavitt's ship, built by the Websters, was launched 
on the 1 2th of October. It was the first ship ever built 
in Bangor. It measured 264 tons. 

On December 19, the town chose Jeremiah Dudley, 
Robert Parker, and Thomas Bradbury a committee to 
endeavor to procure a division of the county of Han- 
cock, and to communicate with the towns within the lines 
of the contemplated county, in which Bangor was, to 
aid in procuring the division and to petition the next 
Legislature for it. This was the beginning of the meas- 
ures which ultimately secured the establishment of Pe- 
nobscot county, with Bangor for its shire town. 

The year 181 2 opened with severely cold weather. 
The month of February was remarkable for cold and 
snow; it was said to have been the coldest Febiuary ever 
known here. 

The annual meeting was held on March 9. Mr. Brad- 
bury was re-elected Town Clerk. He was also elected 
third Selectman, with Moses Patten and Joseph Carr. 
Mr. Williamscm was re-elected Treasurer; Samuel E. 
Dutton, Town Agent. Rev. Mr. Loomis, Samuel E. 
Dutton, and William D. Williamson were elected Super- 
intending School Committee; John Ham, Newell Bean, 
John Reynolds, Thomas Bradbury, and others. Consta- 
bles. Mr. Bradbury held this ofiSce very late in life. He 
gives a list of the Hog reeves, composed of many of the 
most influential citiEens, "making," as he says, "only 
twenty-seven." They appeared to take their election as 
a serious matter, for they were all sworn; $600 were raised 
for schools; $600 for Rev. Mr. Loomis; $200 for the 
Bridge Company; and $1,000 for highways. It was 
found that it would be necessary to raise $450 to make 
up the deficiency of the year 1811. April 6, Fish street, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



555 



which had been laid out in 1808, was accepted; it ex- 
tended from Broad street to Water street, and was 
afterwards Wall street, and is now merged in Pickering 
Square. 

Elbridge Gerry had seventy-four, Caleb Strong sixty- 
seven, and William King two votes for Governor, Benja- 
min Gannet having resigned his seat, at a special election 
held on March 27. For Representative to Congress, 
Francis Carr had sixty-four votes, Pitt Dillingham forty- 
seven votes, and David Cobb nine votes. Mr. Carr was 
elected. 

Mr. Leavitt sold half of his ship to James Penniman, 
of Boston, and purchased of him his house (which is the 
larger portion of that at the right hand corner of State 
and Brown streets), and the lot whereon he built a brick 
block of two stories, which has been converted into of- 
fices for the European & North American Railway 
Company. For the house he gave $1,500; for the one- 
fourth acre water-lot, with a small store thereon, $1,000. 

An embargo was laid, on April 4, by Congress, on all 
vessels within the harbors of the United States for ninety 
days. During its existence ship-owners in Bangor were 
employed in having their vessels ready for service at its 
expiration; but they were destined to disappointment. 
On June 18, war was declared by Congress between the 
United States and Great Britain. This the Federalists 
considered an impolitic and cruel measure, especially 
those in the maritime. States. Mr. Leavitt said, "all is 
confusion, disorder, and dismay;" but business experi- 
enced very little change in Bangor this year. 

The Pushaw road, laid out by Samuel E. Dutton, was 
accepted. An attempt to convert the Second District 
School-house into a place of permanent public worship 
fell through; but the town hired of General John Crosby 
and Benjamin Joy, of Boston, a large hall in a frame 
building standing upon the spot now occupied by the 
last two warehouses at the foot of Exchange Street, on 
the stream side, for the term of five years, at the rate of 
fifty dollars per annum, to be expended in fitting up the 
hall for religious services, and the first choice of a seat 
to Mr. Crosby for himself and family. This hall was 
known as Union Hall, and was occupied by Mr. Loomis's 
society until the court-house was completed. Mr. Cros- 
by had the first choice of sittings for himself and family, 
and Mr. Loomis the second. 

On the 20th of July the town authorized the contract 
for the hall, and on the 23d and 24th leases were taken 
in accordance therew'ith, and a committee was ajipointed 
to fit up the hall with pews and other conveniences; but 
at several meetings in August the whole matter was re- 
considered, and the town voted that it was not expedient 
to take any further measures for fitting up the hall. They 
appointed a committee consisting of Moses Patten, 
Samuel E. Dutton, W illiam Boyd, and James Drummond 
to provide a location for a public building that the town 
proposed to erect, which committee reported that they 
could not agree. 

A company this year commenced the erection of a 
building at the corner of Hammond and Columbia 
Streets, intending it for a court-house permanently and 



for public worship temporarily. The company tendered 
the use of the house, when it should be completed, to 
the town for three years or more for public worship, free 
of expense. The town readily voted to accept the build- 
ing for three years "so soon as the proprietors shall, on 
their own expense, have rendered the same convenient 
for meeting therein for public worship, provided the said 
building be furnished as aforesaid within one year from 
the date hereof" 

The town voted to accept one hundred square rods of 
land situated between the school-house and land of John 
Barker, sixteen rods on the country road, runnmg back 
forty-five rods, with a three-rod street to run in the mid- 
dle of the sixteen rods, "for the setting a meeting- 
house on," offered by Richard Pike, Philip Coombs, and 
Benjamin Wyatt, but declined to make any provision for 
erecting a meeting-house. 

This year there was a great revolution in the politics of 
Bangor, in the Representative District, and throughout the 
North. Francis Carr, the Democratic sitting member, 
who, when elected in place of Mr. Gannett last year, re- 
ceived sixty-four votes to fifty-six opposition, at the regu- 
lar election, on November 2, this year, received but forty 
votes to seventy-two votes for John Wilson, Federalist, 
who was elected by a majority of about five hundred 
votes in the district. Judge William Crosby, Federalist, 
had seventy-two votes for Elector, and was chosen. 
Judge James Campbell, Democrat, had twenty-two votes. 
There were but six votes for Madison for President 
north of Pennsylvania — those of Vermont. Mr. Madi- 
son's strength was in the South, and it was predicted that 
this opposition of the two sections would sooner or later 
lead to a separation. 

On November 12 a proposition was made "to expung 
from being placed on their records all the doings of the 
town respecting furnishing Union Hall." That proposi- 
tion was dismissed. At the same meeting the town "set 
up at auction Mrs. Gregg and Philip Lovejoy, town pau- 
pers, and they were struck off — the former to William 
Seward, to keep for $2.50 per week; the latter to Elisha 
Crane, to keep for $2.33 per week." 

On February 3, 1813, the town voted that "setting oft" 
the northern section of the settled part of Hancock 
county as a new county would be highly beneficial to this 
part of the county, particularly by inducing a great in- 
crease of settlement, and would be a great relief to that 
portion of the inhabitants who are compelled to travel 
an unreasonable distance to ihe present shire town of the 
county," and appointed Charles Hammond, Joseph 
Leavitt, Thomas Bradbury, John Barker, and James B. 
Fiske, a committee to draft and forward to the Legisla- 
ture a petition to that effect, and to furnish the Repre- 
sentative with "documents and reasons to further the ob- 
ject." 

March 8, 1813, at the annual town meeting, the follow- 
ing officers were elected : Moses Patten,- Joseph Carr 
and Thomas Bradbury (Town Clerk), Selectmen; Rev. 
Harvey Loomis, Jacob McGaw, Charles Hammond, 
Superintending School Committee; William D. William- 
son, Treasurer; and $1,200 were raised for highways, 



556 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



$600 for Mr. Loomis, $250 for the bridge company, and 
$450 for town charges. 

The first and second school districts were united, that 
the inhabitants in both districts might have "equal bene- 
fits from the schools alternately." 

The votes for Governor were: Eor Caleb Strong, 74; 
Joseph B. Varnum, 62. Charles Hammond, 72 votes to 
James Carr 54, and was elected Representative to the 
General Court. Mr. Strong was elected Governor of 
Massachusetts for the eighth time. 

The subject of the fisheries became prominent. There 
were no regulations relating to them upon the Penob- 
scot River and its tributaries. A meeting was held at 
Frankfort to determine upon a law to regulate the taking 
fish in the rivers, streams, and ponds connected there- 
with. Charles Hammond was appointed an agent to at- 
tend the meeting. Asa Davis was appointed to procure 
depositions, Joseph Carr to take them, and Asa Davis, 
Abner Taylor, Amos Patten, Thomas Bartlett, and sev- 
eral others to make suggestions for proper alterations in 
existing laws upon the subject. 

A meeting was held February 21st to consider whether 
the town would "memorialize in form of petition, resolu- 
tion, or otherwise, the General Court of this Common- 
wealth, expressing to them the views of said inhabitants 
in respect to the administration of the Government of 
the United States and requesting them to take measures, 
such as in their wisdom shall seem meet, to afford said 
inhabitants and the other citizens of this Commonwealth 
relief from the operation of some of the unnecessary 
and iniquitous laws passed by the Congress of the United 
States," by the request of nine citizens of Bangor. 

This ill-advised proposition, which evidently originated 
with the strong partisans, in their excitement occa- 
sioned by the certainty of war from which the nation was 
suffering, was read, and the good sense of the citizens 
assembled would not allow the subject to be discussed, 
deeming it improper; and it was dismissed on motion of 
Jacob McGavv, who was one of those who signed the re- 
quest for the meeting at the instance of a friend without 
reading it, understanding it contained nothing objection- 
able. 

Mr. Deavitt was an enterprising man and contributed 
much to the business of Bangor, particularly by ship- 
building and navigation. But the war was a great annoy- 
ance to him, and the occasion of much loss. 

His ship Alpha sailed on January 13th for Alexandria, 
Virginia, to take a cargo of Hour to Cadiz, Spain, for 
$2.50 per barrel, under British license. The ship arrived 
at Ale.xandria February 9th, and was loaded on March 
ist and ready to sail, but a blockade had been estab- 
lished and the vessel remained all through the summer 
and fall, at a very heavy expense, together with the out- 
fits, amounting to upwards of $6,000, including $1,300 
worth of flour, which was owned by Mr. Leavitt and his 
copartner, Mr. James Bartlett. When Washington was 
captured the ship was burnt. Mr. Leavitt's loss was be- 
tween $9,000 and $10,000. 

But he had a schooner called the Experiment, whose 
history was more eventful. He chartered her to Mr. 



Samuel Stone, and then sold half to him. She sailed for : 
Charleston, South Carolina, February 23d; arrived after > 
a very rough passage on May 25th. On June 7th she 
sailed for Boston and was taken by the Tenedos frigate. 
She was released, however, and arrived in Boston June 
25th, and soon returned to Bangor. 

The British cruisers Tenedos, Shannon, IJverpool 
Packet, Emulous, Rattler, Boxer, and Curlew, were hov- 
ering along the coast, and the Bay, from the mouth of 
the Penobscot, was under their constant surveillance. 
Notwithstatiding this, Mr. Leavitt must try to do some- 
thing with his vessel. In July the Experiment sailed for 
Boston, and on her passage up ran upon a rock called 
the " Londoner," and was much damaged. She was 
not troubled by the enemy before she arrived in Boston, 
but on her return passage she was captured by the British 
privateer Matilda. Her captors took from her about 
$200 worth of property, and seeing that she was too 
much damaged to be of any value to them, they released 
her. She again returned to Bangor, took in a cargo, and 
sailed for Boston on the 1st day of August. On her 
passage down the river she struck upon a rock, was driven 
ashore, listed off, and filled with water. The owners 
thought at first to condemn her, she was so much injured; 
but finally concluded to try her again. Leavitt and 
Stone agreed with each other to buy or sell, and the 
former proposing to give $300 for Stone's half, he again 
became the owner of the whole vessel. He repaired her, 
and taking passage in her himself, she sailed for Boston. 
On August 27th, when off George's Island, she was cap- 
tured by the British privateer Weazel. 

Mr. Leavitt was treated well, personally, but his captors 
appropriated his bed and shoes, the captain's boots, 
and clothes of some of the sailors; then set them all, ex- 
cepting two hands, on shore at the mouth of George's 
River, about eighty miles from Bangor. Mr. Leavitt 
reached home on the ist of September, and on the next 
day was surprised by the news that the Experiment had 
been recaptured by the American privateer Superior, 
and carried in to Camden. He then proceeded to 
Camden, paid $225 salvage and $50 expenses, and ar- 
rived with her in Bangor on September 12th. 

Mr. Leavitt had arrived at a point when, in his opinion, 
forbearance ceased to be a virtue. As the chronicle has it, 
he was "disappointed and a little saddened, but prevailing- 
ly angry."* He was fit for "stratagems and spoils." He 
found no difficulty in getting up an expedition to make 
reprisals. There were enough of his neighbors idle, and 
disposed to appropriate the goods and chattels of the 
enemy to their own use, if they could find them. A 
schooner of about fifty ions burthen was fitted out and 
sent into the bay, with a force of forty men with small 
arms, to capture British vessels and re-capture their 
prizes. It would have been a very profitable business, if 
there had been any British vessels or prizes to capture. 
But, unfortunately for Captain Cary and the rest, they 
were all either too far distant or of too great force to be 
encountered voluntarily by the Bangor adventurers. The 
schooner, therefore, was navigated back to Bangor with 

*McGaw's Sketch. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



557 



a supposed smuggler's boat, which Captain Cary brought 
as evidence that he had an eye to the well being of the 
revenues of the country, if he had not the ability to 
humble the proud Briton. 'I'hus ended this |)atriotic 
expedition. A "good time," perhaps, was compensation 
for those engaged in it. 

Several of the vessels of the Penobscot were captured 
and recaptured, .\mong these was one commanded by 
Captain Joshua Jordan, another by Cajjtain Barker, and 
carried into Halifax. 

The fight between the American brig Enterprise, six- 
teen guns and one hundred and two men, under Captain 
Burrows, and the British brig Boxer, one hundred and 
four men and eighteen guns, took place in sight of Mon- 
hegan on September 5th. The battle continued thirty- 
five minutes, when the Boxer, Captain BIythe, surren- 
dered and was carried into Portland. Both commanders 
were killed. The killed and wounded of the Enter[)rise 
were fourteen: of the Boxer, forty-six. 

The risk to navigation from capture had become so 
great, and the restrictive laws being still in force, the 
vessels of Bangor in Boston were hauled up, and the 
masters and crews found their way home as best they 
could. Goods were transported from Boston to Bangor 
bv horse- or ox-teams. 



CHAPTER Vni. 

Contribution for Portsmouth— Bangor Bank Chartered — Maine Cliarity 
School Chartered — Death of Jonathan Lowder — Death of William 
Hammond — .Members of Mr. Looniis's Church — School Districts r 
and 2 — Hay Scales and Burial Grounds — James Crosby, Town Clerk 
— House Carpenters build a Vessel for Employment — Other Vessels 
Built — Smugghng — United States Ship .-^dams — Visit of the British — 
Lieutenant Lewis and Lieutenant Little at Castine — Their March 
with Americau Commands to Hampden — Preparations there for the 
Reception of the British — Captain Morris — General Blake— Position 
of the Americans — .Approach of the British Forces — P'light of the 
Militia — The ".^dams" Destroyed — Retreat of her Men — .\necdotes 
—Pluck and Panic — Pursuit of the British — Depredations in Hamp- 
den — American Thieves — Parole of Citizens of Bangor — Vessels 
Burned— Proceedings of Selectmen — Representatives and Petition to 
Sir John Sherbrook —Delegation Sent — British leave the River — Ter- 
ritory East held as Conquered — .Amusements of the British at Cas- 
tine — Special Session of the Legislature — County Erected — Registry 
of Deeds removed from Casline to Bangor — Recollections of Eye- 
witnesses — Explosion of the " Adams. "' 

1814. The year 1814 commenced under circumstances 
as depressing as the year 1813. The information reached 
Bangor that a great conflagration had occurred in Ports- 
mouth, New Hampshire, December 22, 1813, in which 
four hundred buildings were destroyed, besides various 
wharves. Eighty dollars were immediately contributed 
and forwarded as Bangor's mite in this time of general 
distress. 

A charter was obtained in the name of Joseph Leavitt 



for the Bangor Bank, with a capital of $100,000; the 
first instalment to be paid in on January i, 1814. 

A charter was obtained February 25, for the Maine 
Charity School, to be established in Hampden. 

Captain Jonathan Lowder died this month, at the age 
of eighty years. His residence was at the angle of the 
two roads running through \'eazie, near Mount Hope. 
He had, before the Revolution, performed services for 
the Government as a courier, and was a sergeant in the 
French and Indian war. He was gunner at Fort Pownall 
in 1774, and April 7, 1776, was allowed by the Massa- 
chusetts Government ^'29 4s for his services. After the 
dismantling of that fort he became a clerk for Major Treat, 
at the head of the tide in Bangor. He had the confidence 
of the Indians and performed various services for them. 
They inade great efforts to have him appointed truck- 
master. Orono died on his (arm in about 1777, being 
poor at the time of his death. 

Captain William Haminond died in March at the age 
of about seventy-fiv'e. He came from Newton, Massa- 
chusetts, and was here in the latter |)art of the century. 
He held important positions in the town and was highly 
esteemed. He had a large family of daughters, who 
married prominent business men, and his descendants 
are numerous and of the first respectability. 

March 14, at the annual meeting, the last year's Board 
of Selectmen were re-elected, and same Town Clerk; 
Joseph Leavitt, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; 
Rev. Harvey Loomis, .\IIen Oilman, and John Barker, 
Superintending School Committee; $Soo were raised for 
schools; $700 for town charges ; $2150 for Bridge Com- 
pany ; $900 for highways, and $700 for Mr. Loomis's 
salary. 

Mr. Loomis's church at this time had the following 
members: Deacon William Boyd, Deacon Sewall S. 
Crosby, William H.isey, Williain D. Williamson, Stephen 
S. Kimball, Mrs. Boyd, Mrs. Timothy Crosby, Mrs. 
Joseph Kendrick, Mrs Mary Gould, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. 
Hutchins, Mrs. Low, Mrs. Dresser, Mrs. Samuel E. Dut- 
ton, Mrs. Almira Carr, Mrs. Nathaniel C. Little, Mrs. 
Eben Crosby, Anna Adams, Deacon Eliashib Adams. 
Deacon Adams came from Bucksport to Bangor to re- 
side May 22, 1813. 

At the annual meeting of the town this year the First 
and Second School Districts were separated and placed 
under the regulations which existed prior to .March, 
1813. 

The Selectmen were instructed to procure "a lot of 
dry measures." 

The subjects of hay-scales and a burial ground were 
again agitated. A committee consisting of Joseph 
Leavitt and William D. Williamson reported favorably to 
the erection of two hay-scales, where the Selectmen 
should determine, by such persons as would erect them 
at their own expfinse and keep them in repair for ten 
years, for the exclusive use and benefit of them during 
that term, provided they should not exact for weighing 
more than two and one-half cents per hundred-weight. 

Two hay-scales were erected — one opposite where the 
Exchange now stands, on the west side of Poplar (now 



SS8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Exchange) street, the other on the easterly side of Main 
street, about two hundred feet from West Market 
Square. 

One hundred dollars were directed to be paid to Philip 
Coombs for an acre of ground from the westerly third 
part of the Haynes lot, for a burial ground. This was 
easterly of Oak street, between Washington and Han- 
cock streets. Burying on the ground between the resi- I 
dence of Caleb .S. Billings and Penobscot River was dis- 
continued. 

The votes for Governor this year were: For Caleb 
Strong, 78; for Samuel Dexter, 50. Strong was elected 
by a majority of about 1,100. 

For Register of Deeds, Charles Rice received 47 votes; 
Alexander Savage, 20; John Wilkins, 33. 

The Representative to the General Court, Charles 
Hammond had 53 votes; Jacob McGaw and Samuel K. 
Whiting one vote each, and Mr. Hammond was declared 
elected. 

John Wilson received 49 votes for Representative to 
Congress; James Carr, 28. 

James Crosby was chosen Town Clerk />>■(? tern., Au- 
gust 6, 1814; and fifty dollars were appropriated from 
the moneys to be raised in 181 5, for building an engine 
house, and Benjamin Garland was appointed a commit- 
tee to expend the money. 

In order to avoid paying taxes for the support of the 
Congregational minister in Bangor, some from inability 
or indisposition to pay more than one ministerial tax, 
and some to avoid jiaying any tax at all, obtained certifi- 
cates from two or more members of some other religious 
denomination that they were members thereof, like the 
following : 

We certify that John Weeks, of the low n of Bangor, is a member of 
t}ie religious society in Bangor called Methodist. 
Bangor, April 15, 1813. 

Ashbel Harthorn, David, John, and Thomas Howard, 
Simon Harriinan, Jeremiah Dudley, and others, in 1812; 
James Drummond, William Thompson, Zebulon Smith, 
James Carr, Francis Carr, Samuel Salmond, and others, 
in 1813. Nathaniel Burrill was certified to belong to the 
Baptist society the same year, and Allen Oilman was 
certified to be a member of a Congregational society in 
Brewer. 

During the existence of the troubles betwixt America 
and England regular business was interrupted, but the 
majority of the citizens of Bangor were workers, and 
would be employed. Several mechanics — house-carpen- 
ters principally — engaged tliemselves in building a large 
vessel. Each supplied his own personal labor, and such 
of them as possessed the means provided materials. 

Messrs. William & Charles Rice built a shipof about two 
hundred and sixty tons, which was launched just before 
the declaration of war in 181 2. She was not rigged. 
Messrs. R. & P. Salmond were building" a ship of more 
than four hundred tons. Messrs. Joseph & James Carr 
were building a ship of nearly four hundred tons burden. 
These ships, with the vessel built by mechanics, re- 
mained upon the stocks until 1815 before they were 
launched. The last was named "Mechanic." Mr. 



Leavitt built and launched a small schooner of forty tons.^1 

The British fleet, under Sir Thomas Hardy, took] 
possession of liastport. There was no opposition, and \ 
persons and property were protected. 

With no regular business upon their hands, many per-l 
sons took advantage of the disturbed condition of affairsjjl 
to turn a penny by smuggling. Their conscience — such 
as had any — had become hardened, and they labored 
diligently to put governmental duties in their pockets by 
surreptitiously transporting goods from the British Prov-J 
inces to Boston. Thousands of dollars' worth of English 
goods were brought from Fredericton in birch canoed 
over the lakes and streams, and on men's backs over the 
carrying-places in trunks and packages. From Bangor i 
they were transported to Boston on teams at the rate of \ 
$7 per hundred weight. The Custom House officers ■ 
were vigilant, and some importers preferred to do their 1 
business legitimately. They entered their goods andl 
paid the duties on them. But a great many goods got 
through free of duty. A citizen describes the Govern- 
ment officers as "pimps and spies," and said that they 
made, now and then, what they called " a good grab." 
" The whole," he says, "I can compare to nothing better 
than a hungry set of wolves prowling after prey upon the 
defenseless lamb — thus we have here an exhibition of 
some of the fruits of a Democratic Administration." He 
was a Federalist, and would have his fling at his political 
opponents — still he w^ould stand well on the moral plat-' 
form, and adds: "However, I will remark that I do 
not approve of smuggling." 

On August 17, the United States corvette Adams, 
twenty-four guns and two hundred and fifty-eight men, 
was injured by being driven upon the rocks at Isle au 
Haut in severe weather. She had been successful in her 
captures, having taken in three months a ship, two brigs, 
and a schooner, and became herself an object of desire 
to British cruisers. Captain Morris, her commander, 
brought her up the Penobscot River for repairs, and 
anchored her off the mouth of the Sowadabscook Stream - 
in Hampden. It was not long before the British were 
made acquainted with her situation, and made arrange- 
ments for her capture. 

In July Major Perley Putnam, of Salem, was in com- 
mand of the forts at Eastport and Robbinston, having 
under him two companies of militia, detached from Gen- 
eral Blake's brigade at Penobscot. 

Relieved by the downfall of Napoleon from the war 
with France, Great Britain was enabled to give more at- 
tention to the war with the United States, and made dis- 
position of her troops to that end. Maine was weak, 
and, lying contiguous to the British provinces, could be 
easily occupied. On July 5 Captain Sir M. T. Hardy, 
with the Romilies, seventy-four; the Martin, sloop-of-war; 
the. Borer, brig; the Breame, the bomb-ship Terror, and 
several transports with the One Hundred and Second 
Regiment, just from Bermuda, under Lieutenant-Colonel 
Thomas Pilkinton, with a party from Halifax, appeared 
before Eastport and summoned it to surrender, giving 
five minutes for an answer. Putnam replied that he 
should fight, and prepared for defense. The people, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



5.S9 



however, remonstrated. They could not be destroyed 
with their town, when really no object was to be gained. 
Putnam yielded to their importunities, and surrendered, 
on condition that the persons and property of the inhab- 
itants should be respected. Thus Fort Sullivan fell into 
the hands of the enemy without resistance. British 
troops were sent to Canada to reinforce those on the 
frontier, and Dp the Chesapeake Bay, in the summer, and 
in September Sir John Sherbrook and Rear Admiral 
Griffith sailed from Halifax with the Dragon, seventy-four 
guns; Endymion, forty; Bacchante; Sylph, eighteen; 
and Peruvian, sloops; the Spenser, Bulwark, and Tene- 
dos, and a number of transports, with the Tweniy-nintli, 
Sixty second, and Ninety-eighth Regiments, two rifle com- 
panies of the Sixtieth, and detachments of Royal Artil- 
lery and Engineers, to take possession of Penobscot. It 
was the intention of Sherbrook to take possession of 
Machias on his way, but falling in with the Rifleman 
sloop, and being informed by Captain Pearse that the 
.•\danis had run up the Penobscot to Hampden, he pro- 
ceeded directly to Castine, and a little after sunrise on 
September i summoned tlie fort to surrender. Lieuten- 
ant Lewis, who was in connnand of the fort with twenty- 
eight United States regulars, refused to surrender, and 
opened a fire from four twenty-four-pounders upon a 
small schooner which, under Lieutenant-Colonel Nichols, 
of the Royal Engineers, was reconnoittring the work. 

Lieutenant Henry Little, of Bucksport, in command of 
a detachment of General Blake's militia of ninety-two 
men, was quartered in the Court House at Castine. 
When his attention was called to a fleet of sixteen British 
war-vessels coming up the hirbor, he indicated his faith 
in the sentiment that discretion is the better part of valor 
by marching his men with due promptness from the pe- 
ninsula. Lieutenant Lewis, however, had a duty to per- 
form, and waited to witness the next movement of the 
enemy. Seeing that the force was disembarking, and 
that the number of the troops was immense, he blew up 
the magazine of the fort, and followed in the footsteps of 
Lieutenant Little. .-Vfter the latter had proceeded about 
six miles in the direction of Bucksport, it was announced 
that the British were in pursuit ; whereujion he ordered 
his company to "right about," and prepare to receive the 
enemy. Presently he saw an officer waving a flag, and 
the anxiety of his command was allayed on learning that 
the supposed British were no other than Lieutenant 
Lewis and his men. They shortly came uj) with him, 
and with true military ardor pressed on. Lieutenant 
Little's command, being so much larger, stopped at Bucks- 
port over night and recruited themselves for the morning 
march; but Lieutenant Lewis made no delay. He 
reached Hampden on the 2d, and w.-^s with his men on 
the right of the American force in position during the 
next night. On the morning of the 2d Lieutenant Little 
recommenced his march. 

The British, however, had not slept on their guns. 
Directly after the arrival of the fleet at Castine, Sir 
John Sherbrook directed Major General Gosselin to oc- 
cupy Belfast, in order to prevent the armed population 
below annoying the British in their operations on the 



Adams, and to support his own forces, if necessary. He 
and Rear-.'\dmiral Gritifith tlien directed Captain Barrie, 
with the Dragon, Sylph, Peruvian, Harmony, and a 
transport and prize-tender, and Lieutenant-Colonel John, 
with a detachment of artillery, the flank companies of 
the Twenty-ninth, Sixty-second, and Ninety-eighth Regi- 
ments, and one rifle company of the Sixtieth, to pro- 
ceed to Hampden and co-operate in either obtaining 
possession of the Adams or destroying her. 

Lieutenant Little was surprised the next forenoon, 
when just above Frankfort, by a report of cannon from 
the river. On examination he found that the British 
ships, widi the troops on board, were keeping pace with 
liim, and, further, that a force was landing to intercept 
him. This caused him to leave the main road and take 
a route around Sweats's Hill, in Orrington. He arrived 
i)y nightfall at Goodale's Corner, where he and his com- 
pany were provided with good quarters and entertain- 
ment tor the night by Hon. Mr. Goodale, who resided 
there. Colonel John learned at'lerward that his direc- 
tion to Major Croisdale and Lieutenant Wallace to land 
with some regulars and rifleiiien and intercept this com- 
pany, had the effect to prevent them from joining tlie 
main body at Hampden. It was so ; while Lieutenant 
Little in the morning of the 3d, with his men, was leaving 
the domains of his hospitable host, and his heart behind 
him with his host's daughter — whom he saw for the first 
time that night, and afterwards made his wife — the battle 
of Hampden was fought. In the glory of that affair 
affair Lieutenant Little had no part. 

At noon on the first of September Captain Morris 
received intelligence at Hampden, by express from Cas- 
tine, that the British fleet were off the harbor. Knowing 
that the Adams was the object of their pursuit, he pro- 
ceeded to make arrangements for the ship's protection. 
He communicated the intelligence at once to Brigadier- 
General Blake, requesting him to collect such force as 
he could at Hampden. The guns had been taken out 
of his ship and preparations were in progress for her 
re])air. By the "great and unremitted exertions" of his 
men and the assistance of the inhabitants during the ist 
and 2d, nine guns were conveyed to the top of the hill 
overlooking the river below the long wharf; one to the 
hill near the meeting house on the right of General 
Blake's line of batlle ; fourteen upon the wharf which 
commanded the river below, and one to a point covering 
the communication between the hill and wharf batteries. 
The arrangements were perfect for disputing the passage 
of the naval force, if Morris's batteries could be protected 
from being flanked, and it was for this purpose that 
General Blake's force was designed. 

This ofificer had succeeded in collecting about five hun- 
dred militiamen of Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, 
with Captain Charles, Hammond's company of artillery 
from Bangor, which, with two brass four-pounders, was 
stationed on the right, with Lieutenant Lewis's men. 

The line extended easterly from the meeting-house 
along the crest of the academy hill towards the river. 
The position was admirable and could easily have been 
defended against an infinitely large force, with men of 



560 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






the least experience. A Northern officer, who had seen 
much service in the RebelHon, on examining the posi- 
tion in 1864, remarked that he had seen three hundred 
rebels in such a position resist the advance of two 
brigades, consisting of eight thousand men, five hours. 
They had inlrenchments and rifle-pits, and it was that 
length of time before it was ascertained how they could 
be flanked. \Vith intrenchments and rifle-pits here, if 
the officers knew how to manage their men, they could 
have repulsed the British with ease. 

On the evening before the battle there was a consul- 
tation of leading citizens of Hampden and Bangor, at the 
academy in Hampden, with General Blake and some of 
his officers. The emergency was so unexpected that the 
people were unnerved, therefore there was no unanimity 
as to the course to be pursued. The citizens were not 
prepared to lose everything, and many counseled no re- 
sistance. Otliers, more patriotic, thought that everything 
should be done to save the .\dams and to repel tlie in- 
vaders. Captain Morris was mortified to find so much 
indecision and disposition to submit, and when it was 
concluded to leave the whole matter to the judgment of 
General Blake, Morris proceeded to do all that was pos- 
sible on his part to make the resistance a success. He 
found that many of Blake's men were without arms, and 
most of them without any ammunition ; and as his own 
men were barely sufficient to man his batteries, he dis- 
tributed the ship's muskets to the militia and su])plied 
them with ammunition. 

General Blake's pickets were advantageously posted on 
the northerly side of Bald Hill Cove; the artillery, with 
the two four-pounders, under Lieutenant George W. 
Brown, Sergeant John Williams and Michael Sargent 
acting as gunners; and the United States regulars, with 
the eighteen-pounder, ur.dcr Lieutenant Lewis, were 
stationed near the meeting-house (where the Town House 
now stands), and commanded the approach from the 
bridge over Pitcher's brook; the militia companies, form- 
ing the line on their left towards the river, were under 
Colonel (jrant and Major Chamberlain. 

The women and children weie removed to Mr. Joshua 
Lane's, about a mile distant through the woods, on a road 
leading into the countiy on the right bank of the Sowa- 
dabscook Stream. 

The arrangements were not completed until late in the 
evening of the 2d. The night was dark and rainy. 
Morris's men were compelled to remain at their batte- 
ries to prevent a surprise, as the wind was fair for the ene- 
my's approach, and General Blake's force was kept in 
jjosition. It was a terrible night for those men, scarcely 
one of whom had had any experience in war, and very 
(evi, aside from those of the independent companies, un- 
derstood the management of fire-arms. There were no 
redoubts or entrenchments, and there was constant ex- 
pectation of an attack from experienced troops in un- 
known numbers. Some of the officers were brave and 
plucky, although none had had experience. Some of the 
men were arrant cowards, while others made sport of 
their pusillanimity. There were three brothers who 
threw themseWes upon the ground and feigned sickness. 



A man of weaker mind, but of more courage, seeing this, 

fell to pulling their Iiair and whiskers with great persist- 
ence. When inquired of what he meant, he replied: 
"I want to get these men mad. If I can do this, they 

will fight like the !" It was a fearful night to many, 

and an uncomfortable one for all. 

The British vessels arrived at Bald Hill Cove about 
five o'clock in the evening of the 2d of September. By 
direction of Colonel John, Major Riddle, with grena- 
diers, and Captain Ward, with rifles, dislodged General 
Blake's pickets. This was accomiilished by seven 
o'clock, and the troops were all landed by ten. They 
then bivouacked for the night. In the morning, at five 
o'clock, they were formed, the rifle company (under 
Captain \\'ard) being in advance, and the light company 
(under Major Keith, of the Sixty-second) in the rear, and 
a detachment of eighty marines (under Captain Carter) 
moving on their flanks. There were also a light compa- 
ny of the Twenty-ninth (under Ca|jtain Cooker), a detach- 
ment of Royal Artillery (under Lieutenant Carston),with a 
six-pounder, a six-and-a-halt'-inch howitzer, and a rocket 
ap|)aratus, and a detachment of sailors (under Lieutenants 
Syraonds, Botely, and Slade, and Mr. Sparkling, Master 
of the Bulwark). The wind being favorable. Captain 
Barrie, with the ships, advanced at the same lime with 
the troops, and on their right. 

It was supposed by the British that the force against 
which they were moving consisted of 1,400 men; and the 
fog being so thick that they could neither form a correct 
idea of the features of the country or of the army op- 
posed to them, they moved with the utmost caution. ■ 
Between 7 and 8 o'clock Colonel John's skirmishers were 
sharply engaged, and he sent forward Captain Cooker 
with half of his light company for their support. The 
British pressed into their service an American named 
Oakman residing at Bald Hill Cove, to guide them, and 
he was unwittingly shot by his own countrymen. 

The British were first seen through a break in the fog 
advancing towards the bridge over Pitcher's Brook. As 
soon as they came in sight a heavy fire was opened upon 
them by Lieutenant Lewis with the eighteen-pounder, and 
Lieutenant Brown, .'\djutan Bent, and others with the 
four-pounders of the Bangor .Artillery (which were at the 
right of the eighteen-pounder), that completely raked the 
road. 

After passing the bridge, the British troops deployed 
and charged up the hill to get possession of the guns. 
General Blake had ordered the militia to reserve their 
fire until the enemy had approached so near that it might 
be effectual; but he did not consider that his men were 
not veterans, and were in a frame of mind which made 
them totally incapable of appreciating such an order. 
The conse(|uence was that when they saw those veteran 
troops in their scarlet uniforms pressing up the hill right 
upon them so like an avalanche that it seemed as if re- 
sistance would be madness, they were seized with a panic 
and fled. 

The fog was so dense that Captain Morris could not 
see the operations of the troops, but he discovered the 
enemy's guard and rocket boats at about 7 o'clock ad- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



.561 



vancing; and his batteries opened a brisk fire upon them. 
From their movements he concluded that a simultaneous 
attack by land and water was intended, and he placed 
the hill battery under the direction of his First Lieuten- 
ant, Wadsworth, assisted by Lieutenant Madison and 
Mr. Rogers, the Purser, and directed Lieutenant Watson 
to place his small detachment of twenty marines in a 
position to watch the movements of the enemy's main 
body, assist in covering the Adams's men's flank, and 
their retreat if it became necessary. The wharf battery 
was under the direction of Lieutenants Parker and 
Beatty, and Sailing Master McCulloch. Ca])tain Morris 
had just joined it. The enemy's boats were stationary, 
beyond the reach of fire, and his infantry had com- 
menced their attack upon the militia. In a few minutes 
Lieutenant \Vadsworth informed Captain Morris that 
our troops were retreating. Immediately the retreat be- 
came a confused flight, and there was now no alterna- 
tion for Morris but to retreat also. Against the enemy's 
troops he had no other means of defense than pikes and 
cutlasses. The tide was rismg, and the bridge over the 
Sowadabscook was the only thoroughfare across that 
stream. He immediately ordered the guns to be spiked 
and the ship to be fired. These things were hardly ac- 
complished before the British appeared upon the hill, 
and, seeing that the object of their expedition was de- 
stroyed, opened fire upon Captain Morris and those of 
his men who had fired the ship, they being the last to 
retire. Lieutenant Wadsworth with his detachment havmg 
previously, by order of Captain Morris, crossed the 
bridge. The Captain's party had not time to reach the 
bridge, and, therefore, attempted to ford the stream. In 
this they succeeded, and, ascending the bank, joined their 
comrades without having received the slightest injury 
from the well-intended but ill-directed fire of the jnir- 
suers. 

Some plucky American officers were exceedingly en- 
raged at this ignominious flight of the militia, and made 
an eftbrt to save the troops from utter disgrace. Major 
Chamberlain and a minor officer, Timothy George, find- 
ing themselves at the bridge, thought it might be possible 
to detain brave men enough, and ordered all as they 
came to fall in. One of the first was a ponderous seven- 
foot giant, who ajiixirently had physique enough to with- 
stand a section. On being ordered to halt he drew him- 
self up, and with a look of terror exclaimed: ''Why, 
Major Chamberlain, you — you'll have us all killed ! 
This is dangerous 1:" He then rushed to the stream, 
which he forded, and was well on his way to Bangor be- 
fore the British left the hill. 

There was much swift moving on that day, both on 

horseback and on foot. Colonel , with others, 

proceeded rapidly to Mr. Lane's, where the women and 
children were. The Colonel had had enough of war for 
the present, and changed his regimentals for Colonel 
Lane's wedding apparel, in which he was afterwards dis- 
covered by the British and taken to Castine, where he 
was imprisoned until the fresh ten-dollar broadcloth suit 
was so defaced that its owner never afterwards recognized 
it. 



One well-known Major declared that he never marched 
with such courage as that with which he marched from 
Hampden to Bangor on that day. 

A citizen on horseback, riding up from the bridge 
towards Bangor, caught sight of a rocket which seemed 
to be coming directly towards him. He turned his horse 
and was riding rapidly in another direction, when lo! the 
erratic projectile had also changed its course and was 
close in pursuit. He thought verily it was a messenger 
from the pit and he an object of demoniacal vengeance, 
until it suddenly made another detour and permitted him 
to escape. Having reached his home, about two miles 
from the scene of action, this citizen seized his best 
feather-bed and was making his way in the direction of 
the woods, when he heard a volley from the invaders. 
He threw himself instantly upon the ground, and draw- 
ing the bed over himself peeped out and saw the bullets 
passing over him looking like a flock of swallows. Mr. 
Zadock Davis thought it not best to leave the artillery 
guns to be taken by the foe and used against his country- 
men, and, with others, removed them in hot haste in the 
direction of Bangor, and hid them under a bridge on 
some by-road in the woods. But guns were what the 
British wanted, and when they learned that Mr. Davis 
had some knowledge of them, they constrained him to 
reveal it, and the guns became British property. 

General Blake was among the last to leave the field. 
He did not hesitate to expose himself when necessary, 
and even when unnecessary. Sergeant Williams, who 
afterwards became Brigadier-General, served as gunner to 
the artillery, which stood its ground until after the flight 
of the militia, and said that when he and his company 
retreated, they ran as fast as the rest, and passed General 
Blake, who was on foot, walking towards the village much 
excited and swearing to himself Michael Sargent, who 
was also a gunner, said that Blake did not prohibit the 
firing of the eighteen-pounder or the guns of the artillery; 
that he rode up near to the guns and took a survey of 
the British forces as they came in view; that afterward, 
in his interview with Colonel John at the Hatch tavern, 
the Colonel inquired of him what officer it was who ex- 
posed himself thus on the hill. He replied that it was 
himself The Colonel then told him that he was in great 
danger; that his men were firing at him and he ordered 
them to desist, for he would not permit them to shoot 
down so brave a man. 

"But what were you there for?" continued John. 

"To calculate your numbers." 

" How many did you take them to be ?" 

••.\bout seven hundred." 

"A pretty good calculation ; there were seven hundred 
and fifty." 

It was probably at this interview that a conversation 
took place, which was published not long afterward.s. 
The British officers were dining together, the General 
being their guest and wearing his epaulettes and other 
military accoutrements that he had worn in the battle, 
and the Colonel remarked that he must indeed be in- 
sensible to danger to wear those ornaments on the field; 
that the British officers wore a dress of common mixed 



562 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



cloth, that they might not be targets for the enemy. 
"Oh,'' repHed the General, "I have never, if my recol- 
lection serves me, gone upon the field of battle in dis- 
guise." 

The General was a sergeant in the Revolutionary war, 
and among his companions bore the soubriquet of 
"Black Jack." It came to his knowledge one evening in 
camp that a party of British otificers were having a revel 
in a secluded farm house, where they could not conceive 
of any possible chance of discovery. He took a squad 
of reliable men and went to the house, reconnoitered, and 
came to a window through which he saw a happy party 
indulging in a game of whist. "What's trumps ?'' reached 

his ear. "Black Jack, by " he exclaimed, and with 

one bound stood by the astonished whist-players, with 
his men at his side. Of course they were his prisoners, 
and he reaped the reward of his bold adventure, as well 
by making "Black Jack" an appellation of distinction as 
in other respects. 

Eighty prisoners were taken by the British in Hamp- 
den; the twenty guns of the Adams and several vessels 
fell into their hands; many of the houses were riddled 
with bullets, and the furniture therein was destroyed. 
The contents of the stores were appropriated, and about 
a third of the troops being left in possession of the town, 
many of them amused themselves with playing upon the 
fears of the inhabitants, and indulging in various kinds 
of, mischief One set took feather beds from Cleneral 
Crosby's house to his grist-mill, and after pouring the 
feathers into the hopper, hoisted tlie gates and tried the 
experiment of making flour of feathers. Another took 
the law books from Godfrey's office and stuffed them into 
a martin-house, which they set on fire. The swine in the 
streets afforded them much delight, especially after they 
had established themselves in the good graces of Mad- 
ame Grant, who understood the cuisine of pork perfectly, 
as well as that of other flesh. There was great damage 
done to property, but the persons of women and children 
were respected. The British were not alone engaged in 
the work of destruction. A writer in the Boston Reper- 
tory of September 20, 1814, said: "It is confidently 
asserted that no small part of the depredation commit- 
ted on private property at Hampden and its vicinity, 
was the work of some miscreants enjoying the name and 
privileges of American citizens- -that the most atrocious 
outrages and vilest species of plunder were perpetrated 
by some traitorous villains from whom was expected pro- 
tection and defense." But the invaders were not over- 
compassionate. The appropriation of houses was very 
common. A gentleman from another town, who hap- 
pened to be traveling on a journey quietly, was taken 
prisoner, and despoiled of his horse and baggage. He 
applied to the commanding officer for redress, but in vain. 

The prisoners were put into the cabin of the Decatur 
(a vessel that had arrived at Hampden in July from Bor- 
deaux with a cargo of brandy, wines, oil, and silks), where 
they were confined during the night, and were near per- 
ishing for want of air and water. All but ten or twelve 
of these were released the next day on their parol. Those 
retained were put on board a prison-ship, but admitted 



to their parol on the day following. The soldiers were 
not sparing of insulting and abusive language, but in- 
flicted no personal injury. The loss of the people of ■ 
Hampden was $44,000, not a small sum for that people 
in that day. The Decatur and Kutusoff were burnt, and 
the town was compelled to give a bond in $12,000 for 
the delivery of other vessels in Castine in October. 

The enemy made little delay at Hampden. Leaving 
sufficient troops to keep possession .of the town and cap- 
tured property, Colonel John and Captain Barrie pur- 
sued the flying soldiers to Bangor. They, with Major 
Riddle, rode on horseback, and were met by flags of 
truce, with the request for terms, to which they replied 
that the surrender must be unconditional. They reached 
Bangor about noon and demanded barracks and provis- 
ions for the troops, threatening to permit the plunder of 
the village unless the demand was immediately complied 
with. The court-house, two school-houses, a dwelling- 
house and another, building were provided, and an abun- 
dant supply of provisions was furnished. The officers 
occupied two dwellings. The ammunition of the town 
and a quantity of merchandise, seized for a breach of the 
revenue laws, were taken, and the guns, of which Mr. 
Zadock Davis knew the whereabouts, were forthcoming. 
The following paper was submitted to them by citizens, 
being prompted thereto by the invaders: 

We, the undersigned, being now prisoners of wai to the British ad- 
vanced Militaiy and Naval forces in the Penobscot, do engage, on our 
words of honor, not to take up arms against Great Britain or her allies 
during tlie continuance of the present hostilities, unless regularly ex- 
changed ; and to this agreement wt pledge our words of lionor and affix, 
our several signatures : 

Charles Hammond, A. Patten, Thomas Bradbury, 

Thomas Bartlett, Allen Oilman, William Emerson, 

Josepli Carr, James B. Fiske, William Robinson, 

Jolin LcGro, John LeGro, Jr., Theodore Trafton, 

Joseph Leavilt, Thomas A Hill, Peter Burgess, 

Oliver Frye, H. Gould, Joseph Kendrick, 

George Logan, James Bartlett, Nathaniel Boynton, 

Jacob Chich, Philip Coombs, William Bruce, 

Zebulon Smith, George Barker, James Poor, 

JohnBalck, Hosea Rich, William Thompson, 

F. Can, S. E. Button, David Hill, 

John Ham, .Asa Flagg, Jr. , Green Sanborn, 

Abner Taylor, Robert Lapish, Jona Webster, 

Ehsha Crane, John Harlow, Benjamin Garland, 

James Drummond, Robert .Salmond, Jr. , Oliver Frost, 

John Pearson, Richard McGiath, Newell Bean, 

Isaac Hatch, John .Allen, Wiggins Hill, 

Nathaniel C. Little, Edmund Dole, John Barker, 

Ebenezer Weston, Jona Holt, -Alexander Savage, 

Mathew M. Burns, John Blake, William Dole, 

Nathaniel Harlow, Joseph W. Boynton, Eliashib Adams, 

James Carr, Jr., Barney Hollis, Benoni Hunt, 

Jacob Dennett, Giilman Hook, Asa Davis, 

J. C. Liscomb, Nathaniel Harlow, Jr., Samuel Salmond, 

Frederick Knight. Stephen .S. Crosby, Elisha Skiimer, Jr., 

Daniel Emerson, Joseph Perry, Samuel .S. Fields, 

Joseph Knapp, Joseph Carnes, .Silas Hatch, 

Lynde \'alentine, Moses Basford, Robert Boynton,* 

Zadock Davis, James Dudley, Wm. D. Williamson, 

\\'illiam Gregory, David J. Bent, William Rice, 

Daniel Webster, Elijah Webster, B. Harrod, 

Nathaniel Bunell, Robert Boyd, John Webster, 

John Williams, James Tilton, Joshua Jordan, 

Edward D. Jarvis, Amos Emerson, David Randall, 

William Randall, Daniel Dennis, Samuel G. Adams, 

Simon B. Harrimon, Sarson Weston. David Howard, 

Timothy W. Barns, Henry George, Michael Sargent, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



563 



Moses Patten, Isaac Watson, Elijah P. Goodricli, 

Joseph Lambert, Caleb C. Billings, Joseph Potter, 

Peter Perkins, John Boynton, John Sargent, 

Jackson Davis, Thomas Mann, George Savage. 

John Oakes, William Boyd, Simon Harrimon, 

John Oakes, Jr.. Asa Flagg, Edward Sargent. 

Isaac Lincoln. Allen Clark, Samuel Smith, 

John Howard, John Treat, Jacob Hart, 

.Simeon Everton, John Hook, Jacob McGaw. 

Edward Kelly, Robert Treat, William Forbes, 

Joshua Treat, Joseph Whipple, Elisha Hammond, 



George W. Bro«Ti, John Keiuiy, 

H.ar\ey Jameson, John Garman, 

Daniel Lambert, Daniel Dresser. 

Silas Harthoni, Sherlock Parsons, 

Timothy Crosby, Timothy Crosby, 

David G. Parsons, Abel Morrill. 

John Howard, Moses Brown, 

Archibald Mel 'lietres, David Harthora. 

Ashbel Haithorn, ■ Joseph Harthorn, 



Tilly Brown, 
Plyn Clark, 
Nathan Parsons, 
Josiah Stone, 
William Lewder, 
John Lafavor, 
John Clark, 
David Harthorn, 2d, 
.Andrew Hasev, 



Benjamin Clark, 
Joseph Harthorn, 
Daniel Clapp, 
Sylvanus Rich, 
John Miller. 
William Little, 
Isaac Spencei, 



.Samuel Sherburne, Joseph Clark, 

Robert McPhetres, Richard Garcelon, 

Timothy Miller, Daniel Kimball. 

Joel Fisher. Lemuel Smith. 

Levi Leathers, .Arnold Murray. 

John Brasdell. Gideon Dutton, 

William Hasey, Joseph -Mansell. — ' 



V\'e do hereby certify that the persons named in the foregoing list, 
begmning with the name of Charles Hammond and ending with the 
n.ame of Joseph Mansel (one lumdred and ninety-one) are by us this day 
admitted to their Parole of honor, not to serve against Great Brit.iin or 
her allies, unless regularly exchanged, and that, if demanded by us or 
the British Government, they be forthcoming. 

Given imder our hands in Bangor this 3d day of September. 1814. 

ROBEKT B.VRKIK. 

Senior Offtcer in Command of the Ad\'anced 
Naval Forces in Penobscot. 
H'v John, 
Lieutenant-Colonel 7th Batt., Si.vtieth Regiment, Com- 
manding .\dvance British Light Troops. 

George Peiil.\r, 
.Sen'r Lt. H. M. S. Dr.igon. 

'I'his submission was followed the next day by the fol- 
lowing guarantee : 

The undersigned guarantee to all persons, inhabitants of the town- 
ships of Bangor and Orono, who bring in their arms, and have signed. 
or shall within thirty days next coming sign a parol of honor not to 
serve against his Britanic Majesty, or his Allies, during the present war, 
unless regularly exchanged as prisoners of war, their personal safety, 
with that also of their families not so old as eighteen years of the male 
sex and all females. The undersigned have also received from Moses 
Patten and Thomas Bradbury. Selectmen of Bangor, a bond in the 
penal sum of thirty thousand dollars in behalf of said town, conditioned 
principally for the faithful performance of the conditions of the follow- 
mg propositions, vi/.: 

"The subscribers, princip.iU)' inhabitants of Bangor, promise to the 
Commodore of the British Naval force in Penobscot river and Com- 
mander of land forces to deliver the vessels now on the stocks in 
Biingor, to the Commodore and land commander at t'astine by the 
last day of October next. 

Bangor, September 4. 1814. 

Moses P.\TTE.s. \ Selectmen in behalf of 

Thomas BR.AnBLKV, ) the town of Bangor. 

Which proposition is by us on behalf of A/V Britannic Majesty, ac- 
cepted, and in consideration of having received said bond, we pledge 
ourselves that no private property, except vessels, shall be in any way 
molested or injured; but of others if his said Majesty's troops, by land 
or sea, should hereafter, before the last day of October next, arrive 
at Bangor, they are to respect all private property, and especially all 
unfinished vessels within the above named townships of Bangor and 
Orono, whether deficient in finishing hull or rigging, the bond aforesaid 
being by us considered adequate security, and we accordingly pledge 



our honors that said vessels and private property sh.all be respected by 
his Britannic Majesty's subjects. 
Bangor September 4, 1814. 

Robert Barrie, 

Senior Officer in command of H. M's ad- 
vanced Naval force in the Penobscot. 
Henry John, 
Ll. Col. 7th Light Batt. 60th Regt. Commanding 
the advance British light Troops. 

George Pedlar, 
Senior Lt. H. M. S. Dragon. 

General Blake's troops reached Bangor about 9 o'clock 
in the morning of the 3d, three or four hours before the 
British, and disj^osed of their arms and accoutrements 
so that no one who had affected to be a soldier in Hamp- 
den could be recognized as such in Bangor. But by the 
orders of John and the menaces of the imperative Bar- 
rie, the arms came to the light again and were surren- 
dered to the invaders. General Blake retired to his 
home in Brewer, but when inquired for submitted him- 
self as a prisoner of war and was paroled. 

The fog had cleared off when the vessels ascended the 
river, and whenever the retreating .-^dams men (of whom 
there were more than two hundred, in squads) were seen 
from the decks, the sharp report of the guns indicated 
that iron messengers were sent in pursuit of them. They, 
however, escaped unharmed, and made their way from 
Bangor, through the woods, to the Kennebec. Captain 
Morris stopped in Bangor for refreshments, and an old 
citizen, who had an interview with him, said that he was 
in such haste that "he j^oured his coffee iiito his saucer, 
that it might cool the more rapidly." All had lost their 
personal effects, and he learned that the country through 
which he was to pass was almost destitute of inhabitants, 
and ihat his men could not be subsisted as a body; he 
therefore ordered them to make their way to Portland in 
such manner and tinie as they might be able. He after- 
wards, in a letter to the Secretary of the Navy, expressed 
his gratitude to the inhabitants between the Penobscot 
and the Kennebec, who "iiiost cheerfully and liberally 
supplied their wants to the utmost extent of their limited 
means." He complimented the subordinate officers, and 
said of the seamen and marines that their bravery was 
unquestioned, and "their uncommon good conduct upon 
their march — those feelings which induced them to rally 
round their flag at a distance of two hundred miles from 
the place of their dispersion, without one instance of de- 
sertion, entitle them to particular approbation." 

As the British vessels approached the town, Mr. John 
Barker, whose store was upon the Point at the corner of 
Exchange and Washington streets, put a flag of truce 
from his window, and when the barges came to land he 
and .Mr. Robert Lapish and Captain (ireene Sanborn 
gave assurances of the surrender of the town. After the 
sailors landed they made themselves tjuite at home, and 
appropriated such things as took their fancy or they 
needed, as if they were their own. Entering Mr. Bar- 
ker's store, they laid their hands upon the shoes and 
boots and similar articles. Mr. Barker, who was a very 
shrewd man, in a bland manner proposed to wait upon 
them, as he said he wished to make a memorandum of 
the articles, in order to charge them to their King ! This 



5^4 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



was perfectly satisfactory to them, and he made a list of 
all his goods taken by these free customers. 

Among the first inquiries of the British oflficers, after 
coming into town, was who were Republicans (Demo- 
crats) and who were Federalists. They knew well that 
the Federalists had been adverse to the war, and were 
comparatively lenient to them. Hon. Francis Carr, 
who had been in Congress and sustained the war meas- 
ures, was especially obno.xious, and was careful to keep 
out of their way. It was difficult to obtain his name to 
the submission. Previously, on his return from Congress, 
the feeling was so strong against him in Portland that 
when he passed through that town there were strong 
manifestations of disapprobation towards him, which 
came near developing into violence. 

Barrie was a rough, repulsive person — was very harsh 
with the citizens, and made himself extremely obnoxious. 
At Hampdai he was grossly severe, and threatened to 
burn the houses, although he said he would spare the 
lives of the people. Sir John Sherbrooke, however, for- 
bid the burning of the houses, unless as a measure of 
necessity. Colonel John, on the other hand, was couit- 
eous, and made himself ]jopuIar. Mr. and Mrs. John 
Barker resided in the house which was built for Jeremiah 
Dudley, at the corner of Main and Water streets. It 
was a pleasant residence facing the water, and had a 
pretty front yard extending to Fish street (now Pickering 
Square). The occupants were Federalists and offered 
Colonel John their house for quarters. 

The citizens of all parties, conscious of their helpless- 
ness, were disposed to be conciliatory. A prominent 
Republican meeting Barrie on Main street, pointed to 
his garden and said : 

"Captain, there is some sauce in my garden to which 
you_are welcome." 

" I wants none of your sass," Barrie coarsely replied. 

" I mean, there are vegetables which you can take if 
you wish." 

"To be sure I can — they are mine already." 

The soldiers, especially the Hessians, were very law- 
less, and rifled the stores on the west side of the Ken- 
duskeag of most of their contents. It was related as a joke 
that they entered one store on the east side of the stream 
and found the goods marked so high that they left in 
disgust, without taking much spoil. They found much 
rum in the stores. Hogsheads were rolled out upon 
Broad street, the heads broken in, and the rum and 
brandy were taken out in buckets and distributed 
among the men. Mr. Thomas F. Hatch, who had 
charge of the bar at the Hatch tavern, found his business 
as great as he could attend to, and while it was in the 
full tide of successful operation, his counter covered 
with decanters and glasses, Captain Barrie came in, and 
seeing Hatch dealing out liquor to the soldiers, raised 
his sword and with a huge oath cut off the faucets of his 
rum barrels. Of course the liquor ran out upon the 
floor, but as soon as Barrie's back was turned. Hatch 
mopped it up and turned it back into the barrels, and 
dealt it out to the soldiers as he had before ! 

But Barrie was a brute. By Mr. Hatch's testimony, 



he took a bottle of rum and drank the whole of its con^ 
tents at one draught. 

The British officers were good customers of the inn,j 
and Mr. Hatch did not let conscience stand in the way 
of his dealing with his country's enemies. He said thalj 
on one occasion Captain Bruce, Colonel John, and fouB 
or five other officers dined at the house, and when the 
bill was called for, he made it ten times larger than was 
customary, and handed it to Barrie ; Barrie handed it to 
John, and John took from his pocket $3 and gave Hatch,' 
and told him he must wait for the rest until the next 
time. Hatch laughed while relating the story, and said 
that that was four times as much as it was worth. 

It was said that his mother remonstrated against hil 
making so large a bill, saying the officers would deem it 
an insult ; but the son said he " might as well be hung 
for an old sheep as for a lamb, '' and presented it with- 
out a qualm. 

The soldiers and sailors were not much looked after in 
their vagaries, although the officers pretended disapproba- 
tion, and some appeared to be in earnest. Barrie and 
John had forbidden the furnishing liquor to the troops, 
and when Barrie heard they were drinking it from 
buckets in the streets, without inquiring into the matter, 
he ordered a general destruction of the liquors in town. 
It was thought that the departure of the troops was 
hastened by the officers, from fear that the inhabitants 
might take advantage of their helpless condition and 
have revenge. 

While Dr. James B. Fiske and his wife were riding in 
their carriage along the street, some of the men met them 
and ordered them out. The Doctor turned his horse, as 
if he supposed they wanted the street to themselves. 
But they wanted the carriage and a ride, and the Doctor 
and lady were compelled to yield to them and walk 
home. But the Doctor was an apothecary, and wlien 
they visited his store they were ill at ease. They knew 
that there were chemicals of a dangerous nature usually 
in such establishments, and some one in attendance did 
not hesitate to hint that a long tarry there might be the 
occasion of a catastrophe far more disastrous than any 
they had yet witnessed since they entered the river. 
Their tarry was short. 

The vessels in the harbor were either burned or taken. 
The brig Caravan, belonging to the Messrs. Patten and 
A. Taylor; Schooners Neptune's Barge, Thinks-I-to My- 
self, Eunice and Polly, Gladiator, Three Brothers, and 
the sloop Ranger were burned. The Bangor Packet, 
Oliver Spear, Hancock, Lucy, Polly, and boat Cato, were 
taken. A new ship of the Messrs. Rice and J. Drum- 
niond, of three hundred tons, not rigged, was burned. 
Fire was about to be set to the vessels on the stocks, 
six in number (which, if burned, with the fresh breeze 
then blowing, would have involved the burning of the 
town), when the Selectmen proposed to give the bond 
above referred to, obligating the town to deliver the ves- 
sels at Castine in October. 

With such visitors among them, inflamed by drink, 
having the knowledge that they could do almost any act 
with impunity, it may well be supposed that the inhabit- 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



565 



ants passed a sleepless night. However, the troops were 
tired enough to need rest, and the pecJisle were not mo- 
lested. 'After remaining in Bangor about thirty hours, 
the invaders started on their return. They marched to 
Hampden on Sunday afternoon and encamped in the 
neighborhood of the academy. They took with them 
about twenty horses from Bangor. Even the officers did 
not scruple to do this, although some of the owners had 
assurances of their return, and succeeded in securing 
some by going after them. 

Dr. Hosea Rich was a surgeon of the American troops 
at Hampden. The house of Josiah Kidder, Esq., was 
the hospital, and that of John Godfrey, Esq., the sub- 
hospital. This surgeon had knowledge of eleven of 
Blake's men being wounded, and one killed. One of 
the wounded was a Mr. Carlton, from Carleton's Corner, 
in Frankfort. His wound was by a ball, and severe. 
Dr. Rich removed the ball in February afterward. He 
knew of only two of the British being killed, and these 
were at first buried in the front yard of Mr. Jacob Curtis. 
Afterward their remains were removed to the burial 
ground in rear of the meeting-house. Colonel John 
reported the British loss as one rank and file killed, one 
captain, seven rank and file wounded, and one rank and 
file missing. One of the wounded of the British was under 
Dr. Rich's care, but they took all his surgical instruments 
and his assistant surgeon to Bangor, and left him with no 
means to help their wounded or ours. During the time 
they remained in Hampden, on their return, the soldiers 
and sailors were particularly busy in their depredations up- 
on the property of the citizens. As the resistance had been 
made in that town, they conducted as if they felt justi- 
fied in doing more injury there than they had done in 
Bangor. A petty officer, being a sportsman, with several 
of the rank and file, started a hunt, and with horse and 
gun he was very successful with the pigs and sheep and 
among the geese and other fowls. His companions re- 
lumed from a two- or three-mile e.\cursion loaded with 
this kind of game. Mr. Leavitt, in describing the con- 
duct of these men, says: "They inflicted much more se- 
verity, insult, and distress upon the people of Hampden 
than on us, and our situation was comfortable, when 
compared with theirs.'' They left that town on the 6th 
of September. 

After Bangor was freed from the presence of the ma- 
rauders, the Selectmen, who had been in a very unusual 
situation and had acted in the emergency as their judg- 
ment dictated, aided by that of other prominent citizens, 
issued the following : 

Whereas the Selectmen of M■^.ngor are, by the change of circumstances 
in this town, placed in a very critical and responsible situation: and 
whereas, they feel it to be their duty, as well as their wishes and deter- 
mination, to comply witli the promises and agreements made with the 
British commanders at the time of the surrender of the town: and as 
many questions may come before them which they wish to advise with 
others of the citizens of the town upon, whose judgment they rely upon, 
and who have the same wishes and determination with themselves. 
Ihink it their duty to appoint twelve persons from among such citizens 
as a Council, to meet with said Selectmen at such times as they may 
direct, to advise them on all matters which may come before them_ 
And they accordingly appoint the following persons Counsel as afore- 
said, viz: John Barker, Charles Hammond, Jacob McGaw, .\llen 
Oilman, Samuel E, Dutten, William D.Williamson. William Emerson, 



foBURV } ^«'<^ctmen of Bangor. 



Joseph Leavitt, .\mos Patten, Philip Coombs, Asa Davis, and Robert 

Lapish. 

Dated at Bangor the 6th of September, 1814. 
Moses P.\tten, 
Thomas Bral 

The Clerk of the town of Bangor is directed to notify the persons 
above-named of this appointment, and to request their attendance at 
the Selectmen's office formerly occupied by Samuel K. Whiting, Esq., 
at 10 o'clock A. M. of the 7th instant. 

Bangor, September 6, 1814. 

Moses Patten, I c 1 . to 

Tho.mas Bradblrv. f Selectmen of Bangor. 

Pursuant to the above order to me directed, 1 have notified the 
above-named persons, selected as Council, to meet at the time and 
place and for the purposes above expressed. 

Bangor, September 7, 1814. 

Tho. Bradblry, To. Clerk. 

The result of the deliberations of the Council was that 
.•\mos Patten, Esq., should be despatched to Sir John 
Sherbrooke and Admiral Griffith with the following peti- 
tion : 

To their E.xcellencies, Lieutenant General Sir John Coape Sher- 
brooke, Knight of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, Lieutenant- 
Governor and Commander-in-Chief over His Majesty's, the King of 
the L'nited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Province of Nova 
Scoti.i, commanding a Division of His said Majesty's forces: Edward 
Griffith, Esquire, Rear -Admiral of the White, Commanding a Squad- 
ron of His said Majesty's Ships of War, employed in taking possession 
of the eastern side of the Penobscot river and the boundary line of 
the Province of New Brunswick : 

Your petitioners, Selectmen and Magistrates of the town of Ban- 
gor, on the west side of Penobscot River, respectfully represent, 
that on thethird day of September last, a detachment of his afore- 
said Majesty's troops, under the command of Lieut. Col. Henry 
John and a squadron of his Majesty's sliips of war. under the 
command of Lieut. Col. Henry John and a squadron of his 
Majesty's ships of war under command of Capt. Robert Barry, 
appeared at said Bungor, and that a flag of truce from the Se- 
lectmen of said town met said commanders and possession of said town 
was unconditionally surrendered to his said Majesty's arms, and an as- 
surance given by said Lieut. Col. John and Capt. Barry that the private 
jjroperty of the citizens thereof, except ships and vessels, should be re- 
spected; that when the troops entered the town, quarters and provisions 
were demanded and with all possible speed supplied : that an order 
was issued by said C'ommanders requiring that no liquors should be sold 
or given to the men. and that in obedience thereto all the stores and 
shops were within twenty minutes after the issuing of said order shut, 
and all the taverns prohibited furnishing said men with spirituous li- 
quors; that unfortunately, however, at the same tmie (.'apt. Barry was 
giving his order aforesaid, Lieut. Symms, of the Bulwark, made a de- 
mand upon a merchant of said town for a pipe of brandy, which, as an 
officer demanded it, was delivered without ceremony, rolled into the 
street, put on tap, and, under the direction of said officer, served out in 
buckets to the men. Capt. Barry, seeing the brandy thus serving out, 
supposed his order treated with contempt, ordered another Lieut, of 
the navy to go through the tonn, open the stores and destroy all the 
liquors he could find, Capt. Barry himself at the same time destroying 
all the liquors in the tavern where he then was. Before this mistake 
was discovered and the last order conntermanded, six stores were 
opened, and not only the liquors therein destroyed, but nearly all the 
property therein plundered by the sailors, whereby property to the 
amount of six thousand dollars was lost to the owners. That the arms 
of the people of the town were demanded and surrendered, and every 
demand by said Commanders made was promptly complied with, not- 
withstanding which private property from stores and dwelling-houses 
was plundered to the amount of some thousands of dollars besides 
that above-mentioned; said Commanders burnt or carried aw.iy the fol- 
lowing vessels, viz : one brig lying afloat, hull complete; the hull of on- 
ship; one ditto, finished in part; two brigs nearly completed; and the 
frames of two small vessels upon the stocks, said Commanders deter- 
mined to burn; but as they stood among our buildings, the burnmg 
them would have involved our little village in one general conflagration; 
wherefoie your petitioners supplicated said Commanders that they 
would not burn said vessels on the stocks. They would consent to spare 
them on no other condition within our power to perform, than that of 
executing to them a bond in the penal sum of thirty thous.and dollars. 



566 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



conditioned that said vessels on the stocks should be delivered at Cas- 
tine before the first day of November then next. It being then stated 
lo ("apt. Barry that it was impossible to comply with the condition of 
said bond, he replied that it was indifferent to him whether the ships 
were delivered or not, because, if they were not, he should file the bond 
before the Commissioners who should treat for peace as a claim against 
the United States. Upon this the bond was cvecuted. 

The inhabitants of Bangor, for thesupply of the forces aforesaid, at 
the demand of the Commanders, and by the plunder of the sailors afore- 
said, furnished in articles of provisions, shoes, boots, etc.. $i,ooo, for 
which not a cent was paid. Nine horses, saddles, and bridles were 
also furnished by loan to said Commanders and their officers, with a 
promise that they should be returned, si.\ of which were obtained from 
Hampden and Castine with much trouble, and three were never re- 
turned, though requested at Castine. One other horse Colonel John 
claimed as captured— that we do not include in the above. 

Now. may it please your Excellencies, we have confided to .\mos 
Patten, Esquire, one of the Magistrates of Bangor, this our petition, 
who will represent our distressed case and condition to your Excel- 
lencies. And we respectfully submit to the consideration of your Ex- 
cellencies, the question, whether according to the usages of war among 
civilized nations, the foregoing facts being taken fully into view, it 
would not be consistent and pi'oper. as well as humane and honorable, 
that the bond aforesaid should be given up or cancelled. We would 
beg leave further to represent, that as soon as the Commanders afore- 
said returned from Bangor to Castine, a delegation of five of our 
magistrates waited on your Excellencies with an expectation of a full 
hearing on this subject at that time when all parties were present, but 
unfortunately your Excellencies were then on the eve of departure for 
Halifax, and in the hurry of that particular period, our case could not 
be fully taken up or understood. One of your Excellencies remarked 
that you would be at Castine again in two or three weeks; therefore we 
waited until the arrival of your proclamation of September 2r, when 
we delegated two of our Magistrates to wait on Hon. Major-General 
Gosselin and your .\gent. Captain Owen, both of whom expressed 
much feeling and regret at the hardship of our case, but could do no 
more for us than to say they thought the vessels aforesaid might be 
ransomed at the sum of five thousand nine hundred dollars, and the 
bond thereby cancelled, and submit the same to your Excellencies for 
consideration, advising us to petition your Excellencies for further 
clemency; our said Magistrates at the same time assuring the General 
and the Captain, that the ability of our village was incompetent to the 
payment of so great a sum; an assurance which we most conscientious- 
1\ reiterate, and which sum we verily believe to be more than twice as 
much as their owners can obtain for said vessels, or make them worth 
under the present unpromising aspect of peace — a peace whiclt we 
sincerely hope Divine Providence, in hi^ infinite mercy, will speedily 
bestow upon the two nations. 

Most cordially reciprocating the desire expressed fjy your Excellen- 
cies to the delegation from Bangor at Castine, that so long as his 
Majesty retains possession of the Eastern bank of the Penobscot, har- 
mony and good understanding may prevail on the banks of said river 
between his Majesty's troops and subjects and the citizens of the United 
States, we respectfully subscribe ourseh'es your Excellencies" humble 
servants." 

Mr. Ainos Patten, in behalf of Bangor, and Mr. John 
Crosby, in behalf of Hampden, were dispatched to Hali- 
fa.x to procure at least a commutation of the penalties 
that had been imposed by Barrie and John. After read- 
ing the petition from Bangor and a full statement of the 
case by Mr. Patten, Sir John Sherbrooke communicated 
to him that the people of Bangor could have their choice 
of four conditions, viz: To destroy the vessels, deliver 
them at Castine in the spring, dispose of them at public 
sale and distribute the proceeds among the captors, or 
pay the penalty of the bond. No other concession would 
he make to Bangor; and he would make no concession 
at all to Hampden. Messrs. Patten and Crosby were 
absent si.\ weeks. They returned in December with the 
British Governor's ultimatum, and the people made up 
their minds to make the best of their calamities. But 
other agents were busy in making such comprehensive ar- 



rangements of the difficulty between the American and ( 
British Governm^ts, that no further care was necessaiy ' 
in regard to the bonds. The treaty of Ghent was con- 
cluded on the 24th of December, and reached America 
on the nth of February. Castine was evacuated on the 
25th of April, 1815, and the bonds by these events be- 
came of no effect. A part of the vessels at Hampden, 
for which the bond of that town was given, hcjwever, 
were taken by the British, but the peace came too late 
for the relief of the owners of them, although the relief 
it afforded to the people was incalculable. 

Rear- Admiral Griffith left Castine on September 12, 
1814, with Sir John Sherbrooke and half thetroops in 
seven or eight ships, and sailed for Machias, where there 
was a fort and a garrison of fifty United States soldiers 
under Captain Leonard. There were mounted at this 
fort ten twenty-four pounders. There were not sufficient 
troops to resist the British force with effect, therefore the 
fort was blown up and nearly all the guns were destroyed, 
and the garrison retreated westward, taking at Frankfort 
twelve Englishmen prisoners (of a party sent from Castine 
to capture a cargo of cocoa), whom they carried with 
them to Salem. They also retook fifty muskets and re- 
stored them to the citizens. 

Half of the British troops were left at Castine, under 
General Gosselin. Rear-Admiral Milne was in command 
of the ships that remained. Half the county between 
the Penobscot and St. Croix was held as conquered ter- 
ritory, but by the proclamations of Lieutenant General 
Sherbrooke the people were permitted to enjoy their own 
law and to attend their customary avocations, provided 
they submitted peacefully to the British domination; and 
assurances were given that provisions and supplies for 
the troops would be paid for. 

During the winter the officers in Castine devoted them- 
selves to pleasure as well as business. They e.xtempo- 
rized amusements of various kinds, chief among which 
were theatrical representations. The place was much 
resorted to as a market, and the business of supplying 
the troops was quite profitable to the Americans. 

A special session of the Legislature convened on Oc- 
tober 5, to make provision for the public need of the 
people who had been deprived of their American privi- 
leges. The November term of the Court of Conmion 
Pleas was adjourned from Castine to Bangor, in January; 
all deeds were to be recorded at Bangor or Augusta, and 
all commitments were to be made at Augusta. James 
Campbell, a Senator from Washington County, and Mar- 
tin Kinsley, a senator from Hancock, had signed a sub- 
mission as prisoners of war, and it was made a question 
whethei they could exercise the functions of Senators 
under such circumstances. General Burgoyne's course 
was referred to as a precedent. After he was captured 
he returned to England and took his seat in Parliament. 
The Senators were not disturbed. It was determined 
that the State make no effort to remove the British forces 
from Castine, as the benefit would not be commensurate 
with the sacrifice that would attend such an attempt. 

Eye-witnesses have preserved accounts of what came 
under their observation during the visit of the British. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



567 



One who was in the battle said that the line of Blake's 
militia was upon the pitch of the hill below the academy 
in Hampden, its left being nearly on the bank of the 
river and its right on the road; that the fog was so dense 
that a man could be seen only at a very short distance, 
and this, with the smoke from the British guns, which 
was blown by a southerly wind directly into the faces of 
our men, almost wholly concealed the advancing foe 
until they were nearly upon them; that he was made a 
prisoner and kept fourteen hours in the guard-house in 
Bangor, near Dr. Fiske's store-. 

Another said that he first saw the redcoats through a 
break in the fog on the opposite side of Pitcher's Brook, 
coming down from the Lower Corner; that after they 
crossed the Brook they deployed to the right and left in 
coming up the hill; that our cannon fired three rounds 
each, and he heard a great outcry among the British on 
the west side of the road, behind a board fence, as if 
men were killed or wounded, and that it was said that a 
British captain, who had been in forty pitched battles, 
was killed; that our force was only six hundred men, 
while the British force was eight hundred; that the ensign 
of his company was wounded; that one Oakes, who had 
been taken by the British, on attempting to escape when 
the action began, was shot down by them; that a Mr. 
Reed and others were standing by the Loud house in 
Orrington, looking upon the British war vessels as they 
were coming up the river, and being seen were shot at 
from the vessels; that Reed directed all to lie down on 
the east side of the house, which they did, and he with 
them, but his shoulder was raised above the underpin- 
ning, when a 32-pound shot passed through the house on 
a level with the floor and took off the exposed shoulder, 
killing Reed instantly; that the Adams men fired from 
their battery on the hill near Crosby's \Vharf and cut in 
two a British barge that was passing up near Ram Island, 
and destroyed the crew. 

Another said that he was a fifer; that his position was 
about midway between the right and left of the militia; 
that he recollected Colonel Grant and Major Chamber- 
lain, and the latter was very brave; that after the flight he 
found himself at Mr. Lane's, where the women and chil- 
dren were, and Colonel Grant came there in great trepi- 
dation and told him and the other soldiers who were 
with him that soldiers were not safe there, and they ke])t 
on with the Colonel five miles further, where there was 
no sign or sound of an Englishman. 

Another said of John W'ilkins, then a resident of Or- 
rington (who was for many years in oflfices of trust before 
and afterward), that when it was understood that the 
British were coming, he took his gun and went to a bluff 
on the river for three days successively, to pick ofl" the men 
on board the vessels ; that he was a fine shot (he had 
seen him on horseback shoot a partridge), and a man of 
pluck. It happened, however, that it was foggy when 
the vessel passed the bluff, and he missed his prey; that 
afterward he mounted a white horse and rode up the 
road, and when near Brewer village he was seen and shot 
at. Upon this he dismounted and led his horse all the 
way to Bangor. Seeing that he was a lame man, the 



British expended no more ammunition upon him, prob- 
ably deeming it hardly creditable to shoot a cripple. 
This observer said that a crowd of people were standing 
near the liberty pole in Orrington, and were seen by the 
British as they passed, and were fired upon by them, 
whereupon they cut down the liberty-pole. 

.\nother said that he boarded with Edward Sargent, 
who occupied the house owned by Hon. Amos M. 
Roberts when he died, which he was building on State 
Street, in Bangor; that he carried his sword and equip- 
ments home and hid them in the rear of the house, and 
that one of the Selectmen came to him in a state of great 
excitement and inquired what he had done with his 
sword. When he told him, he replied: "What do you 
mean by that ? do you want the town burnt over our 
heads? Go at once and get it, that it maybe surren- 
dered to the British." .\s he did not want to be the 
cause of such a catastrophe, he complied. That a great 
many personal and domestic articles were plundered 
from the houses, and, after the enemy left, the toll-house 
at Kenduskeag Bridge was made a depository for such as 
were recovered, and a great many men's, women's, and 
children's garments of all sorts were left there; that a 
vessel just launched by the Pattens was started for Cas- 
tine, and grounded. The officer in charge ordered it to 
be fired, and it was done. Several of the citizens pro- 
posed to cut a hole in her, that a portion of her timbers 
might be saved, but Mr. Moses Patten would not permit 
it, lest some might be shot by the enemy. 

Another, who lived among the Holden hills, said the 
explosion of the "Adams" made a noise like thunder, 
and the earth there was t'elt to tremble as if shaken by 
an earthquake. 

The remains of the shij) lay upon the beach inside the 
"Long Wharf" at Hampden for several years, and the 
copper nails that were mixed with the gravel were a great 
temptation to the boys to make frequent visits to that 
locality. 

BRITISH ACCOUNTS RELATI.VG TO THE AFFAIR A F HA.MPMEN. 

The following extract from a private letter dated Cas- 
tine, September 9, 1814, was received at Halifax a few- 
days after the return of the British from Bangor: 

I shall not trouble you with an account of our voyage. Our Flank 
Companies have just returned from Hampden, a small town about 30 
mijes from this; at which place the enemy's ship, the .\dams, and sev- 
eral valuable merchant vessels lay secure, as they thought. Hearing of 
our advance, they blew up the .-Xdams, .after taking out all her guns; 
with which they erected a very strong battery on a wharf commanding 
the river, and another battery on the hill directly above it; in both 
there w-ere upwards of 30 pieces of cannon and more than 2,000 men, 
pouring grape and canister shot upon our brave fellows, who only 
waited to give them a few- voUeys, then charged--and the Yankees ran 
in every direction. Our loss is but small —i soldier and i sailor killed; 
I captain and 5 or 6 soldiers wounded. 

The Battalion Companies of the 29 Regt. have gone, under col. 
Pilkington. to Machias. 

Among the prisoners we took a general Blake, who commanded the 
fort on the hill at Hampden; but captain Morris, of the .\dams. made 
his escape. 

Sir John Sherbrook's report of his proceedings at Pe- 
nobscot is contained in the following dispatch to the 
■ .-Vdmiralty: 



;68 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






Downing St., Oct. 9, 1814. 
Major Anderson has arrived with the following despatch from Lieut. 
Gen. Sherbrook. dated 

C.-\STINE, .\T THE ENTK.iNCK TO THE PENOBSCOT, September l3. 

My Lord — I have now the honor to inform your Lordship that after 
closing my despatch on the 26th ult., in which I mentioned my intention 
of proceeding to the Penobscot, Rear Admiral Griffith and myself lost 
no time in sailing from Halifax with such a naval force as he deemed 
necessan.', and the troops as per margin,* to accomplisli the object we 
had in view. 

V'ery early in the morning of the 30th we fell in with the Rifleman 
sloop-of-war. when Captain Pearse informed us that the United States 
frigate .^dams had got into the Penobscot; but from the apprehension 
of being attacked by your cruisers if she remained at the entrance of 
the river, she ran up as high as Hampden, where she had landed her 
guns and mounted them on shore for her protection. 

On leaving Halifax it was my oiiginal intention to have taken posses- 
sion of Machias on my way hither; but on receiving this intelligence, 
the .Admiral and myself were of opinion that no time should be lost in 
proceeding to our destination, and we arrived here very early on the 
morning of the ist instant. 

The fort of Castine. which is situated upon a peninsula of the eastern 
side of the Penobscot, near the entrance of that river, was summoned a 
little after sunrise; but the American officer refused to surrender it, and 
immediately opened a fire from four twenty-four-pounders upon a small 
schooner that had been sent with Lieutenant-Colonel' Nicholls (com- 
manding the Royal Engineers) to reconnoitre the work. 

.Arrangements were immediately made for disembarking the troops; 
and before a landing could be effected, the enemy blew up his magazine, 
and escaped up the Majetaguadous River, carrying oft' in the boats with 
them two field-pieces. 

As we had no means of ascertaining what force the Americans had on 
this peninsula, I landed a detachment of Royal .Artillery, with two rifle 
companies of the .Sixtieth and Ninety-eighth Regiments, under Colonel 
Douglass, in the rear of it, with orders to secure the isthmus, and to 
take possession of the heights which command the town; but I soon 
learned that there were no regulars at Castine. except the party which 
had blown up the magazine and escaped, and that the miliiia which 
were assembled there had dispersed immediately on our landing. 

Rear-Admiral Griffith and myself next turned our attention to obtain- 
ing possession of the Adams, or, if that could not be done, to destroy- 
ing her. The arrangements for this service having been made, the Rear- 
.Adniiral entrusted the execution of it to Captain Barrie, Royal Navy, 
and as the co-operation of a land force was necessary, I directed Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel John, with a detachment of aitillery. the flank com- 
panies of the Twenty-ninth, Sixty-second, and Ninety-eighth Regi- 
ments, and one rifle company of the Sixtieth, to accompany and co- 
operate with Captain Barrie on this occasion; but as Hampden is twenty- 
seven miles above Castine, it appears to me a necessary measure of pre- 
caution, first, to occupy a post on the western bank, which might afford 
support, if necessary, to the force going up the ri\er, and at the same 
time prevent the armed population, which is very numerous to the 
southward and westward, from annoying the British in their operations 
on the .Adams. 

Upon inquiry I found that Belfast, which is upon the highroad lead- 
ing from Hampden to Boston, and which perfectly commands the 
bridge, was likely to answer both these purposes, and I consequently 
directed Major-General Gosselin to occupy that place with the Twenty- 
ninth regiment, and to maintain it till further orders. 

As soon as this was accomplished, and the tide served, Rear-.\dmiral 
Griffith directed Captain Barrie to proceed to his destination, and the 
remainder of the troops were landed that evening at Castine. 

Understanding that a strong party of miliiia from the neighboring 
township had assembled at about four miles from Castine, or the road 
leading to Cluehill, I sent out a strong patrole on the morning of the 
2d, before daybreak. On arriving at the place [ was informed that the 
militia of the county had assembled there on the alarm-guns being 
fired at the fort at Castine upon our first appearance, but that the main 
body had since dispersed and returned to their respective homes. Some 
stragglers were, however, left, who fired upon our advanced guard, and 
then took to the woods; a few of whom were made prisoners. 

No intelligence having reached us from Captain Barrie on Saturday 
night, I marched with about seven hundred men and two light field- 

'First Company Royal Artillery, two rifle companies of the Seventh 
Battalion, Sixtieth Regiment. Twenty-ninth, Sixty-second, and Ninety- 
eighth Regiments. 



pieces on Buckstown,* at 3 o'clock on Sunday morning, the 4th instant, 
for tlie purpose of learning what progress he had made, and of afford- 
ing him assistance if required. This place is about fifteen miles higher 
up the Penobscot than Castine, and on the eastern bank of the river. 
Rear-.Admir.i.l Gritfith accompanied me on this occasion, and as we 
had reason to believe that the light guns which had been taken from 
Castine were secreted in the neighborhood of Buckstown, we threat- 
ened to destroy the town unless they were delivered up, and the two' 
brass three-pounders on travelling carriages were in consequence 
brought to us in the course of the day, and are now in our possession. ■ 

.At Buckstown we received very satisfactory accounts of the success 
which had attended the force employed up the river. We learned that 
Captain Barrie proceeded from Hampden to Bangor ; and the .Admiral 
sent an officer in a boat from Buckstown to communicate with him, 
when finding there was no necessity for the troops remaining longer at 
Buckstown, they marched back to Castine the next day. 

Having ascertained that the object of the expedition up the Penobscot 
had been attained, it was no longer necessary for me to occupy Bel- 
fast ; I, therefore, on the evening of the 6th, directed Major-General 
Gosselin to embark the troops and join me here. 

Machias being the only place now remaining where the enemy had a 
post between Penobscot and Passaniaquoddy Bay, 1 ordered Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Pilkington to proceed with a detachment of Royal Ar- 
tillery and the Twenly-se\'enth Regiment to occupy it; and as naval as- 
sistance was required, Rear-Admiral Griffith directed Captain Parker, 
of the Tenedos, to co-operate with Lieutenant-Colonel Pilkington on 
this occasion. 

On the morning of the 9th, Captain Barrie, with Lieutenant-Colonel 
John and the troops which had been employed with him up the Penob- 
scot, returned to Castine. It seems the enemy blew up the .Adams, on 
his strong position at Hampden being attacked ; but all his artillery, 
two stand of colors, and a standard, with several merchant vessels, fell 
into our hands. This, I am happy 10 say, was accomplished with very 
little loss on our part; and your Lordship will preceive, by the return 
sent herewith, that the only officer wounded in this affair is Captain 
Gell, of the Twenty-ninth Grenadiers. 

Signed, J. C. Shekbriiok. 

The following papers are of interest as part of the his-- 
tory of the British occupation: 

Proclamation by Lieutenant-General Sir John C. Sherbrook, K. B., 
commanding a body of His Brittanic Majesty's land forces, and Edward 
Griffith, Esq., Rear-Admiral of the White, commanding a squadron of 
His Majesty's ships, now arrived in the Penobscot. 

This is to notify unto all whom it may concern, that the municipal 
laws, as established by the American Government for the maintenance 
of peace and tranquillity in that part of the District of Maine lying be- 
tween the Penobscot River and Passaniaquoddy Bay, will continue in 
force until further orders; and the civil magistrates are permitted to 
execute the laws as heretofore, and shall be supported in so doing. 
By command, 

T. F. Addison, Mihtary Secretary. 
C'HAKLE.'i Martvk, Naval Secretary. 

5th September, 1814. 

General Post-office, September 26, 1814. 

Sundry Post-offices in the District of Maine being possessed or 
under the control of the public enemy, and it being possible that others 
may be in the same situation, it is hereby ordered that the Postmaster 
(at the nearest safe post-office to those offices 50 possessed or con- 
trolled by the enemy) detain, open, and account for the mails address 
to them in the same manner as if addressed to his own office. When- 
ever it shall become safe to forward mails to such Post-offices, the let- 
ters and papers remaining undelivered are to be remailed and forvvarded 
immediately to their place of destination, either by special express at 
the expense of this office, or by the regular carrier. 

R. J. .Meigs, Jr., Postmaster-General. 

Proclamation by Major-General Gosselin, commanding his Britannic 
Majesty's forces between the River Penobscot and the former boun- 
dary at New Brunswick, etc. 

To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : 

Whereas, his Brittanic M.njesty's forces have taken possession in full 
the territory lying between the same river and the boundary line of the 
Province of New Brunswick, including Long Island and the other 
islands near, and contiguous to the shores thereof; and, whereas, it has 
been deemed expedient to require from the male inhabitants above 

- Now Bucksport. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



569 



sixteen years of age. residing within the said district, to take an oath of 
allegi.ince to his said Majesty, or an oath that they will peaceably 
and quietly demean and conduct tliemselves while inhabiting and resid- 
ing in the territory lying on the eastern side of the I-tivcr I'enobscot, or 
any part thereof; and they will not carry arms, harbor British deserters, 
nor carry intelligence to the King's enemies, or in .any respect act in 
any hostile manner to his Brittanic Majesty, or any of his subjects, dur- 
ing the present war between Great Britain and the t'nited .Slates of 
.America ; 

Know ye, therefore, that } have constituted, deputed, and by these 
presents do constitute, depute, and appoint the Selectmen of Sullivan, 
commissioners to administer the oaths of allegiance, or the oath of 
neutrality herein liefore mentioned, to all' such male persons inhabiting 
withm the said district, above the age of si.xteen years aforesaid, and 
llie said commissioners are hereby enjoined and required to keep regu- 
lar rulls or records of all the names of such persons as shall take either 
of the said oaths aforesaid, to which rolls the persons taking the said 
oaths are to be required to subscribe their names; giving and hereby 
granting to the said commissioners full power and authority to perform 
the matters and things herein before mentioned, ratifying and confirm- 
ing all and whatsoever the said commissioners shall lawfully do by vir- 
tue hereof. ^ 

Given under my name and seal-at-arms, at Castine, the 31st day of 
October, in the 54th year of his Majesty's reign. Ati/w Domini, 1814. 
Gekakd Gosselin, Major-General Commandant. 

[CIRCUL.^R.] 

CYSTINE, ist November, 1814. 
Gentlemen: — It being deemed expedient to require the male inhab- 



itants above sixteen years of age, residing within the territory lying to 
the eastward of the Penobscot River and the boundary of New Bruns- 
wick, to take the oath of allegiance to his majesty or an oath of neu- 
trality, I hereby enclose our authority to administer such oaths to the 
inhabitants of your township, with the form of the o.ath of neutrality, 
and have to acquaint that you will carry these instructions into effect 
as soon as possible, and report to me within one month from the date 
hereof, a list of such persons with their places of residence, as refuse 
to take the oath of neutrality: that in case they do not immediately 
leave the country, measures may be taken to apprehend them as pris- 
oners of war. 

I am, gentlemen, your humble servant, 

G. Go.ssELiN, Major-General Commandant. 
To the Selectmen ol the town of .Sullivan. 

It may be well to note here that a great deal of patriot- 
ism and bravery (?) were manifested in the bar-rooms 
and shops ii//er the Fjiiti-,h had disappeared. And this 
"bravery" expanded as the years progressed. It was not 
unusual to hear the remark, "If the British were toconie 
here nine, they would not get off so easily." Or, after 
sonie enthusiasm was generated by a good nautical sing- 
er with the popular song of the day, called "Constitution 
and Guerriere:"'*' "Let them come once more, and 
they'll never come again! They'll get a taste of Yankee 
coin-age that'll put their pipes out forever!" 



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* -As this song was in all mouths, it ought not to be permitted to die 
yet; therefore it has a place here; 

eON.STITUTION AND crERRTERE. 

I often have been told that the British seamen bold 
Could beat the tars of France so neat and handy, O; 

But they nevei found their match till the Yankees did them catch — 
For the Yankee tars for fighting are the dandy, O. 

O. tlie Guerriere so bold on the foaming ocean rull'd, 

Commanded by Dacres, the grandee, O, 
\\ ith as choice a British crew as a rammer ever drew; 

They could beat the Frenchmen two to one so handy, O. 

When this frigate hove in view, "O," said Dacres to his crew, 
' ' Prepare ye for action and be handy, O; 

On the weather-guage we '11 get her. and to make the men fight better. 
We 'II give to them gunpowder and good brandy, O. " 

Now this boasting Briton cries, "Make that Yankee ship your prize 

You can in thirty minutes do it handy, O; 
Or in twenty-five. I 'm sure; if you do it in a score, 

I will give you a double share of good brandy, O. 



"When prisoners we 've made them, with switcliel we will treat them. 

We'll welcome them with Yankee Doodle dandy, O; " 
O, the British b.all5 flew hot, but the Yankees answered not, 
Until they got a distance that was handy, O. 

'O, " cries Hull unto his crew, "We will try what we can do; 

If we beat these boasting Britons we 're the dandv, O;" 
The first broadside we poured bro't the mizzen by the board. 
Which doused the Royal linsign quite handy, O! 

O, Dacres he did sigh, and to his officers did cry. 
"O. I didn't think the Yankees were so handy, O;" 
The second told so well that the fore and mainmast fell; 
That made this lofty frigate look quite handy, O. 

'O, " says Dacres, "we're undone," so he fires a lee gun, 

And the drummers struck up Yankee Doodle Dandy, O! 
When Dacres came on board, to deliver up his sword, 
He was loth to part with it, it look'd so handy, O. 

'You may keep it," .says brave Hull; "What makes you look so dull? 

Have you drank too much of vour brandy, O?" 
O Britons, now be still, since we've hook'd you in the gill; 
Don't boast upon your Dacres the grandee, O! 



57° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



H 



CHAPTER IX. 

Town Officers of 1815- Tythingmen— Desecration of Lord's Day— In- 
temperance— Prof.inity —Money raised — The Scliools — Benjamin 
Bussey— Gives a Ball to tiie First Religious Society— Anecdote of him 
— Court House occupied as a Place of Worship — First Sunday School 
—Charles Hanan; his death— The Court House— A high Quarrel— 
Tythingman's Association — First Newspaper in Bangor — Peter 
Edes— .^.necdote of him— Attempt to Court-martial— General Blake's 
failures— £ourt-martial of Colonel Grant et al., 1816— Town Officers- 
Appropriations — Vote on Separation of State — Fire Company — An- 
nual Meeting and Dinner— The Moral Society— Public Sentiment- 
Extreme Cold and Snow in June— Murder of Knight— .-Arrest and 
Trial of Peol Susep— John Neptune's Speech— Susep Convicted of 
Manslaughter — Afterwards Becomes Insane — Advertisement— Judy 
Brown's Advertisement — Philanthropic Movement of Ladies — Sur- 
vey of the River — Penobscot a Half Shire — Its Officers — Zadock 
Davis — Captain John Perkin's Packet — Dr. Dickinson Comes — Cap- 
tain Isaac Hutch — .Anecdote of him — Proceedings for .Separation — 
Mr. Leavitt a Delegate — Greenleaf's Map of Maine — Phenomenon 
— Military and Religious— The Goodrich .\ffair — ^Joseph Carr .Ap- 
pointed Inspector of Customs. 

1815-1816. Al the annual meeting Moses Patten^ 
Joseph Carr, and William Rice were made Selectmen : 
James Bartlett, Town Clerk; Thoinas A. Hill, Treasurer; 
Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; Harvey Loomis, Samuel 
E. Button, Jacob McGaw, Eliashib Adams, Sujierintend- 
ing School Committee, and twenty-eight Tythingmen 
were elected, all of whom, excepting \\'illiam Hasey, 
John Ham, Abner Taylor, and Francis Carr, Jr., were 
qualified, while the number of Hog-reeves was reduced 
to five. Men had, bv reason of that laxness in morals 
always consequent upon war, become more wicked than 
swine. "Many excellent essays were written, sermons 
delivered, and at length an additional statute passed to 
check the profanation of the Lord's day. Tythingmen 
in towns were multiplied, and only those chosen who 
were expected to do their duty. The intemperate use 
of ardent spirits was another jirevailing sin. Equally 
lamentable and, perhaps more heinous, was the increas- 
ing profaneness in conversation."* Great exertions were 
made to effect a reform. The then future historian of 
Maine was one of the Tythingmen who qualified, and 
must be supjjosed to have done his duty. 

The moneys raised this year were $900 to pay debts 
and current expenses; $250 for the Bridge Company; 
$700 for Mr. Loomis's salary; $600 for schools; $950 for 
highways. 

A vote was passed that no schol.tr be admitted into a 
man's school who was not qualified to read in a class. A 
committee, consisting of Mr. Williamson, Mr. Loomis, 
and Eliashib .'Vdams, was appointed to prepare a plan for 
the better regulation of the schools, and for the appropri- 
ation of the school moneys. They reported that there 
were in Districts i and 2 about 250 scholars, — a large 
number for three schools, — that a third of them, at least, 
ought to be under the tuition of a master qualified to 
teach the ordinary and higher branches of education and 
the langua'ges, while the two other schools might be made 
the instruction of mistresses; that the master's school 
should be supported principally by subscription, but each 
scholar be entitled to draw his school money; and that in 
each of the other three districts a third of the school 

* Williamson's History of Maine, 11,, 660. 



money should support a school taught by a female in the 
summer and two-thirds for a master in the winter. 

The report was adopted. Mr. McGaw resigned as 
committee of the Second District, and Philip Coombs 
was substituted. The vote adopting the report was re- 
considered at an adjourned meeting April 3d. 

The taxes on the vessels burnt by the British, assessed 
in 1 8 14, were abated. Columbia and Cross streets were 
accei^ted. 

Benjamin Bussey, Esq., of Roxbury, who was 
a large proprietor of lands in Bangor and neigh- 
borhood, gave Mr. Loomis's Society a fine-toned 
bell, that could be heard at the distance of 
five miles in favorable weather, weighing one 
thousand and ninety-five pounds. It was put into the 
belfry of the Court-house, at the corner of Hammond 
and Columbia streets, which was used by that Society as 
a church, in July of this year ; and one of tlie votes of 
the town was that the Selectmen employ some person to 
ring it at certain hours of each day. In passing, it may 
not be amiss to repeat an anecdote of Mr. Bussey, which 
is recorded by Professor Shepard. He belonged to the 
class denominated Liberal Christians. He liked Mr. 
Loomis as a man and a gentleman, and socially was on 
very good terms with him. Calling upon him at one 
time, he said : "I don't believe your doctrine of future 
damnation, Mr. Loomis, myself; but it is just what is 
wanted by the villains who steal my timber. Go on and 
preach it, and I will give you a hundred acres of land 
to beginwith." ".A. good speculator," the learned Doctor 
adds, "for he knew that his other hundred acres would 
be nearly doubled in value, if Mr. Loomis's doctrine could 
be put into the hearts of the people."* 

The votes for Governor were for Caleb Strong, 65 
votes ; for Samuel Dexter, 46. William D. Willliamson 
had 41 votes for Senator and Cotinsellor, against 62 for 
Beiijamin Hasey. Jacob McGaw and Martin Kinsley 
were also candidates, the former having 13 votes, and the 
latter 3 votes. John \Vilson had 56 votes for Repre- 
sentative to Congress ; James Carr, 46. Amos Patten 
had 50 votes for Representative to the Legislature, and 
was declared elected ; Jacob McGaw had 32 votes ; 
Jose]jh Carr, 4 ; Nathaniel Burrill, 1. 

The First Congregational Society occupied the Court- 
house as a place of worship for the first time in the sum- 
mer of 1813. Its first meetings were in the Hadlock 
House, which stands in the northerly angle of York and 
Exchange streets. It was in a store-room of this build- 
ing that Deacon Boyd, Deacon .Adams, and iMiss Martha 
Allen, at the instance of Mrs. Jacob McGaw, com- 
menced the first Sabbath-school in town, early in the 
summer of 1814. The number of scholars at first was 
eight or nine. Deacon Adams was Superintendent, and, 
with others, continued the school there until the autumn 
of 1815.1. 

But Mr. Loomis was ordained in Union Hall. The 
pulpit was a table with a chair. The seats were of rough 
plank. Notwithstanding the ardor with which the town 

*Sermon on the Religious History of Bangor. 
JAutobiography of Eliashib .Adams, 63. 




X2^<^o^ . j3^eo-iae i/f. ^€zc/(/i:. 



ic:^ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



571 



commenced making arrangements for putting it in a proper 
condition for |)ublic worsliip, there was a sudden abate- 
ment of.zeal in the people. But during nearly two years 
the society worshipped in it as fervently and sincerely, no 
doubt, as it ever did afterwards in a more elegant house. 
The attendance on Mr. Loomis's ministrations, in good 
weather, numbered from one hundred and fifty to two 
hundred. Mr. Leavitt says that this year (1815) there 
appeared to be " a general awakening and a serious at- 
tention to religion'' in the society, and expressed the wish 
that it mighc " prove sincere and effectual to the conver- 
sion of inany, nay all." 

On the 13th of April Charles Hanmiond died. He 
had been an enterprising and prominent citizen. Was 
born in Newton, Massachusetts, September 6, 1779, and 
was a brother of William Hammond. He purchased lot 
No. 70, .Holland's plan, which extended from the stream 
at a point nearly opposite the head of Mercantile Row to 
the north of Thomas's Hill, and included the City 
Hall lot, being bounded on its easterly side by the Ken- 
duskeag. The City Hall lot proper he contracted to 
sell to proprietors. It was divided into sixty shares, 
which were not all conveyed at the time of his death. 
His administrator, Moses Patten, conveyed several of 
them afterward under a special act of the Legislature. 
Mr. Hammond was captain of the Bangor Artillery Com- 
pany, which he was instrumental in raising, and held 
several offices of trust in town. He left a widow, who 
afterward became the wife of Caleb C. Billings. Mr. 
Leavitt, in recording his death, added; "The brightest 
ornament we have in point of talent and usefulness." 

A quarrel commenced in the early part of the season 
between two of the leading men of the town in relation 
to some brandy of which they were joint proprietors. It 
was stored in the cellar of one of them, and when they 
were making arrangements for a division the other 
charged the " one " with watering it, which was denied. 
The quarrel grew bitter. The "one" pulled the nose of 
the other, whereupon the other procured an indictment 
against the "one" for watering the brandy. The case 
was tried before the Court of Common Pleas in April. 
After a long examination, the testimony being insufficient, 
the "one" was acquitted. Both the parties, with their 
families, being of the first respectability, there was much 
excitement among them, as well as interest in the com- 
munity. A brother-in-law of the "one" called the other a 
rascal and names of similar import not agreeable to him, 
and the latter being a man of deliberation, determination, 
and some vindictiveness, proceeded to get his revenge 
within the pale of the law for the slander, and recovered 
$500 of the brother-in-law. This, however, he offered 
to remit if an apology were made. This was refused, and 
the father of the mulcted person paid it. Mr. Leavitt 
says of the original parties, the one is " of high standing 
in poin. .f property, and so in the opinion of many who 
have dealt much with him;" the other "is of unexcep- 
tionable character in point of honesty. Both my friends." 

This year there was organized, by the Tythingmen, an 
association for bettering the morals of the town, called 
" The Bangor Moral Society and Tythingmen," which 



proceeded to business. Deacon William Boyd was its 
President. The object was to enforce the "laws against 
vice, and more particularly against profane swearing and 
Sabbath-breaking." The members were zealous. 'I'hey 
patroled the streets on Sunday to see that it was not pro- 
faned by unnecessary perambulation, and it is said "rep- 
rimanded, among others, citizens who hapjjcned to be 
abroad, that were as much opposed to the violation of 
the Sabbath as themselves." The perversity of man was 
nianit'ested now, as usual when there is an undue at- 
tempt to enforce suinptuary laws, "the old offenders 
renewed their old practices," boys were slyly coasting 
upon their sleds and skating during public worship, 
while the older irreverent class looked on approvingly. 

In this year an enterprise was commenced in Bangor 
which has never been discontinued, and which has been 
of more benefit to its citizens in many respects than any 
other. On the 25th of November Peter Edes issued 
from his printing-office the first number of the first news- 
paper that was ever published in Bangor, called Bangor 
Weekly Register. Mr. Edes was the son of Benjamin 
Edes, a newspaper publisher and printer in Boston. He 
had [)ublished successfully the Kennebec Intelligencer, 
Gazette and Herald of Liberty, in Augusta, since 1795, 
at a loss; and with the hope of better success in the new 
town upon the Penobscot, which was becoming known, 
he made up his mind to remove thither. He employed 
Mr. Ephraim Ballard, with his team of six oxen, to re- 
move his press and types, which weighed about four tons. 
The roads were next to impassable, but in the course of 
three weeks the four tons of material were taken to Ban- 
gor at an expense of $143. The Kennebec bridge was 
so frail a structure that the whole could not be taken 
over at one time.'* 

The population of Bangor at this period was about 
one thousand. Mr. Edes had reason to believe that his 
paper would meet with reasonable encouragement. He 
was an ardent Federalist, and had been threatened with 
personal violence on account of his sometime exhibitions 
of fervor. Experience had convinced him that it would 
be better to pursue a more conciliatory course in his new 
location; he therefore made his paper the organ of no 
party. As Mr. Edes was a printer and jjublisher merely, 
and unable to employ what is now so important to a 
newspaper, an editor, his editorials were few and far be- 
tween. But there were persons in the town who assisted 
him by their contributions. The separation of Maine 
from Massachusetts had been long agitated; and now 
its friends, having an opportunity to express their views, 
used the columns of the Register very freely. But Mr. 
Edes did not meet with the encouragement he anticipa- 
ted. He expected subscribers in Buckstown, Castine, 
and Belfast, but the people of these places had begun to 
foster feelings of jealousy towards the upstart town away 
up at the head of the tide that thought itself equal to a 
newspaper, and they were not disposed to lend it any as- 
sistance. .A-bout two years' experience with the Register 
was sufficient for Mr. Edes. He then disposed of the 
establishment to James Burton, jr., from Augusta. In 
* Nortli's History of»Augusta, 385. 



572 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



taking leave of his patrons he said that, although he had 
occasionally appeared to complain of want of patronage 
and punctuality, yet he felt a pleasure in acknowledging 
"that for such a period of profound peace and tranquilli- 
ty throughout the world, the paper had received a decent 
support." Mr. Burton wanted seventy-five new sub- 
scribers to enable him to renew the publication of the 
Register. Subscription papers were left with Messrs. 
Williamson, Button & Hill, and Hill & McLaughlin, and 
Mr. Burton was enabled to renew the publication of the 
paper December 25, 1817. Mr. Edes took up his con- 
nection with it "on the 23d of August previous. 

Mr. Edes was small in stature, industrious, possessed 
of energy, and was much respected in Bangor. He con- 
tinued the fashion of small clothes and long stockings 
pretty late, and having thin legs and being unused to 
artificial calves, the fashion was not altogether becoming 
to him. His residence in Bangor being during the Tyih- 
ingmen's reformatory era, he had some experiences 
which were not agreeable. James Orrock, his appren- 
tice, was one of the Sabbath-breaking boys, and became 
the subject of legal discipline. Mr. Edes in a letter 
says: "You must know the people are very strict on this 
day, and will not let men walk out, much less boys. 
James was strolling about and was ordered home by the 
tythingmen, but he would not obey them. A complaint 
was lodged against me on the next day, and I should 
have been obliged to pay a fine had not Judge Button 
pleaded in my behalf that I did not approve of such 
conduct, and so got clear." Mr. Edes afterwards resided 
in Baltimore, Maryland, with Benjamin Edes, his son. 
He spent his last days in Bangor, however, with his 
daughters, Mrs. Rider and Mrs. Michael Sargent. He 
died March 29, 1840, at the age of eighty-three. 

Some of the fugacious Hampden multitude, mortified 
by the reproach that was cast upon them for the result of 
the "Hampden Battle" (which no one, acquainted with 
the quality and equipment of the three or four hundred 
raw militiamen got together there to oppose the war- 
worn British regulars, could have expected to be other- 
wise), earnest for a scapegoat to bear the whole stigma of 
the catastrophe, procured a Court of Inquiry, to deter- 
mine whether a Court-martial should not declare the 
commanding General, John Blake, to be the one. Ac- 
cordingly on May 15, 1815, orders were issued by Gov- 
ernor Strong for such Court of Inquiry. The result will 
be found in the following papers: 

COMMONWE.'iLTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. GENERAL ORDERS— 1 

Headquarters. Boston, January 8, 1816. ) 
The Court of Inquiry, whereof Major-General Henry Sewall is Pres- 
ident, appointed by the Orders of isth day of May last, to examine into 
the grounds of a complaint exhibited against Brigadier-General John 
Blake, of the First Brigade and Tenth Division of the militia, by Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Andrew Grant and sundry other officers of the Third 
Regiment of said Brigade, having assembled at Bangor, conformably to 
said orders, and having deliberately and carefully examined into the 
grounds of complaint, and the evidence adduced in support thereof, 
as v/eU as that which was adduced to rebut the same, and also the writ- 
ten defense and replication, which are made part of the record of the 
case, has reported to his Excellency, the Commander-in-chief, as the 
opinion of the Court, which opinion he approves, "that the charges do 
not appear to be so far supported as to render a reference of them to a 
Court Martial expedient or proper." 



The Court of Inquiry, of which Major-General Sewall is President ■ 
is dissolved- By his Excellency's command. 

J. Brooks, .-\djutant General. 

There was much delay in making known the conclu- 
sion to which the Court had arrived, but at length the 
following communication reached General Blake with the 
foregoing orders : 

Adjutant General's Office, Boston, Jan. 10, 1816. -, 
Sir: I have the satisfaction now to forward to you the result of thai 
Court of Inquiry appointed bythe orders of the 15th of May last; at the 
same time regretting that any circumstances should have occurred to 
occasion so tedious a delay in the publication of that result. By a com- 
munication I have received from Major 'WiUon, the Judge Advocate of 
the 6th Division, I learn that the delay was accidental and not to be 
avoided. I transmit to you at the same time thirty copies of the Orders 
for distribution in the loth Division, intending that every field officer 
and the Judge Advocate should receive one each. 

I am, respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, 
Brigadier-General John Blake. J. Brooks, .Adj. Gen. 

A court-martial, consisting of Major-General Alfred 
Richardson, President, two Brigadier-Generals, four Col-*^ 
onels, and six Majors, with John Wilson, Esq., as Judge 
Advocate, and Major A. W. .\therton (aid de-camp of 
General Richardson), Marshal, assembled for the trial 
of Colonel Andrew Grant, of Hampden, and Major 
Joshua Chamberlain, of Brewer (grandfather of Gen- 
eral Joshua L. Chamberlain, late Governor), of the Third 
Regiment, First Brigade, Tenth Division, for offenses al- 
leged to have been committed in presence of the enemy 
at Hampden, in September, 1814, and adjourned finally 
April 9. Major Chamberlain was honorably acquitted. 

1816. Joseph Leavitt was chosen Town Clerk this year, 
in place of Mr. James Bartlett, his copartner in business, 
whose records show him to have been a well-qualified 
scribe. The Selectmen of the last year were all popular 
enough to gain a re-election. Thomas A. Hill was made 
Treasurer, and Rev. Harvey Loomis, Joseph Leavitt, Al- 
len Gihiian, and Joseph Carr, Superintending School 
Committee. The Tythingmen were reduced to fifteen, 
and the Hog-reeves inereased to that number, " indicat- 
ing a growing sentiment more favorable to anthropomor- 
phous, and less favorable to pachydermatous, offenders." 
The appropriations were, for schools $1,200, for highways 
$1,200, for the Bridge Company $250, for Mr. Loomis's 
salary $800, and $600 for the suppoit of the poor. This 
is the first sum ever directly raised for the poor in Ban- 
gor. 

The votes for Governor were for John Brooks, 73; 
Samuel Dexter, 50; William King, i. 

The votes for Register of Deeds were, for John Wil- 
kins, 42; Charles Rice, 40. For Representative to the 
Legislature Robert Parker 61 votes, and was elected. 

The town voted this year to pay the Assessors two dol- 
lars a day each for their services. 

On April 1 the shore road from Mt. Hope to William 
Thompson's, and the continuance of Broad street to a 
pine-tree near the ferry-way, laid out September 30, 1S08, 
were accepted. 

On May 20 the town voted on the question of the 
separation of Maine from Massachusetts, 66 yeas, 29 
nays ; Hampden, 43 yeas, 32 nays ; Brewer, 36 yeas, 7 
nays. 

The people of Bangor were proud of their fire-engine. 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



S73 



It was a little tub, but effective, and was housed in a fif- 
teeti by twenty-foot building, ])ainted yellow, which stood 
at the, corner of State and Exchange streets, near the 
easterly corner of the Kenduskeag bridge. In its latter 
days it was known as the "Old Settler." On the ist of 
May the Engine Company held their annual meeting at 
the Hatch Tavern, and with the Selectmen and other 
invited guests partook of a dinner in the great Hall. 
"The greatest unanimity and harmony prevailed, and 
nothing occurred to mar the pleasures of the day ;" and 
this sentiment, with others, was drunk with the greatest 
enthusiasm: "Ourselves; should any member of our 
company take fire, we'll quick put him out!" 

On May 7 the President of "The Bangor Moral So- 
ciety and Tythingmen," Deacon Boyd, gave notice that 
the society had made its annual election of officers and 
entered into arrangements for enforcing the laws against 
vice, and more particularly those against profane swear- 
ing and Sabbath-breaking, and that they would be Ihith- 
fuUy and duly executed the ensuing year, and that the 
society congratulated the friends of good order and mo- 
rality on the favorable change effected by the successful 
exertions of last year. 

This pronunciamento of the society had a different ef- 
fect from that anticipated. The apposers of the move- ' 
ment came to another conclusion from that announced 
by the President. They alleged that the course pursued 
by the society had had an effect detrimental to the cause 
of morals ; that, prior to the erection of a house for pub- 
lic worship in 1812, the appearance of the village on 
Sunday was really degrading; disorderly boys and other 
persons were seen at all times of the day assembled in 
grou|)s in direct violation of the Sabbath ; but from that 
time, like terrapins, they had drawn themselves into their 
shells on that day, and until this new movement its ob- 
servance was regarded; but now the old offenders had 
returned to their old practices, and the disregard of the 
day was becoming as bad as before. Some wag travestied 
Deacon Boyd's notice in the following lines: — 

PARAPHRASE. 

Tunc: " Plunged in a Gutph." 

"O, procul este profani." 

"Keep off, you race of infidels, we pious people are." 

The Bangor Club of moral folks, 

And eke the Tythingmen, 
Of officers our annual choice 

This day have made ag.iin. 

We'll have them quickly quorum nob, 

And (if we do not fail) 
Our chest shall profit by the job, 

Or they must go to gaol. 

For last year's labor and success, 

(Which we think very great), 
Our orderly and moral friends 

We do congratulate. 

This privilege alone we claim. 

On Sabbath day to roam; 
While others of less pious fame 

Must keep themselves at home. 

The friends of good morals at length became satisfied 
that their cause suffered from the undue zeal manifested 
in its behalf and discontinued the enforcement of the 



laws further than it could be sustained by the public sen- 
timent. 

The Bangor Athenajum was opened this season. It 
was a library and reading-room. The collection of books 
was (|uite valuable; the magazines were the best of the 
time, and twenty-five newspapers furnished the new's to 
the patrons of the institution. Mr. Joseph Whipple, a 
gentleman of taste and literary ability, who about this 
time commenced the publication of a History of Acadia 
in the columns of the Register, was instrumental in its 
establishment. 

The season was reiriarkable for the low state of the 
thernioiiieter, etc. In June the cold was severe. A very 
unusual change in the temperature occurred early in that 
month. A warm rain commeiiced on the sth and con- 
tinued until the afternoon of the 6th. The night was 
quite warm. At 3 o'clock the weather had changed, and 
snow fell for about an hour and a half; some of the flakes 
on striking the ground covered spaces two inches in 
diameter. It snowed again in some places on the 7th 
and Sth. Water froze for several nights, and on the loth 
the ice over puddles would bear a man. Great numbers 
of birds — among which were the humming bird, the yel- 
low bird, the marten, the scarlet bird — were so benumbed 
that they could be taken readily in the hand, and many 
perished. 

On the night of June 13, the community was thrown 
into a state of excitement by the murder of William 
Knight, of the firm of Knight & Lumbert, keepers of 
the inn at the corner of Oak and Hancock streets, by 
Peol Susep, an Indian of the Penobscot tribe. With an- 
other Indian Peol had been in the house, and both had 
been so noisy and troublesome from the excitement of 
drink that Knight put them into the street. Upon this 
they threw stones at the house, and Knight went out to 
drive them away; Peol then attacked him with a knife 
and stabbed him fatally. Peol admitted the slabbing, 
but gave as a reason that he was intoxicated. He had 
the reputation of being inoffensive w^hen sober. 

As there was no jail yet in Bangor, and the Supreme 
Court was still to hold its sessions at Castine for both 
Hancock and Penobscot counties for several years, 
Susep was taken to the jail in Castine, and tried in June, 
1817. Great interest was manifested in this trial, and the 
crowd in attendance was so great that the court adjourned 
to the meeting-house. 

The court assigned Prentiss Mellen and William D. 
Williamson as counsel for the prisoner, and these gentle- 
men used all their skill and eloquence in his behalf, and 
Solicitor-General Davis summed up in behalf of the 
State. After the arguments were concluded, the court 
gave the prisoner an opportunity to be heard if he had 
anything further to say. He replied that John Neptune 
would say something for him. 

Neptune, who was afterward Lieutenant-Governor of 
the tribe, was a tall, fine-looking individual, of dignified 
bearing, of much ability, and of much influence among 
his tribe. A reporter of the case says, "he came forward 
to the forum with the ease and assurance of a Cicero," 
and addressed the court in an impressive manner. He 



574 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1 



claimed immunity for the prisoner on the ground that 
several white men, who had murdered Indians, had 
escaped punishment, and referred particularly to the case 
of one Livermore, who had been convicted and sen- 
tenced to death for the murder of an Indian, and whose 
sentence had been commuted to imprisonment for life — 
that he and his people were willing that Livermore 
should be released if Susep could be discharged. He 
then urged the importance of there being peaceful rela- 
tions between the whites and Indians, and averred that 
it was the sincere wish of his own tribe, and of the Pas- 
samaquoddy and St. John Indians to live on good terms 
with the Americans. 

Susep's wife and relatives and about thirty of the tribe 
were present during the trial and "behaved with the ut- 
most decorum.' 

The jury retired, and in a short time returned and 
rendered a verdict of manslaughter, whereupon the court 
sentenced the prisoner to one year imprisonment in the 
county jail. 

In September, 1819, more than two years after this 
conviction, Peol Susep was indicted for a felonious as- 
sault on the prison-keeper. The jury returned a verdict 
that he was insane, and the court ordered him to be im- 
prisoned, under a statute, until he should give bond for 
good behavior ! 

Notwithstanding the coldness of the season, and the 
disposition of the people to remove to Ohio, there was 
much advertising, t)y the most respectable traders, of 
fourth-])roof cognac brandy, Holland gin, Jamaica rum, 
St. Croi.x rum, Teneriffe wine, best London porter, shrub 
and loaf sugar, and some manifestations of humor. Mr. 
Tilley Brown advertised real estate in this style: 

The numerous individuals who for waiit of house-room are under 
the necessity of talving their repose in a perpendicular attitude, or at 
heads and points, or, at best, with one foot out of the window, arc in- 
formed that a house is to be sold for part song and part cedar shingles, 
and at a reduced price. It would be strange indeed if some of the 
multitude did not make themselves cripples in their exertions to be first 
on the premises. 

But there were philanthropic ladies then in the town, 
as there are now, whose sympathies went out to the poor 
and unfortunate. In July they met at Mr. Philip 
Coombs's to organize a society "for the instruction of the 
children in the new settlements by means of schools." 

Prior to July 20th of this year, it was the practice of 
the inhabitants on the shores of the river from twelve to 
eighteen miles below Bangor to board vessels ascending 
the river and warn the masters of the danger attending 
the navigation above. This led to a survey of the river 
by two shipmasters and a merchant — competent persons 
— and they reported twenty-one feet at low water off 
Dutton's Head, on the west side of the river. Thence 
to India Point (between Central Depot and the Kendus- 
keag Stream, the water fell in the channel to fourteen 
feet at lowest ebb, the channel being narrow and not 
very direct. On the easterly side of the river, above 
Dutton's Head, is a shoal with from five to nine feet of 
water at low ebb. Opposite India Point, the depth is 
seventeen or eighteen feet in the channel; thence 
parallel with India street (Joppa, now Front street), it is 



twenty to twenty-one feet at lowest ebb, about twenty 
fathoms from the shore, and seventeen to twenty-one feet, 
to three hundred fathoms above Kenduskeag Point. The 
bottom of the river is in most places rocky. There is an 
eddy under the High Head on the Brewer side, about 
one hundred fathoms above Kenduskeag Point, where 
in one jjlace is twenty-eight feet at low water, and the 
bed is an e.xcellent sandy bottom, and several ships of 
from five hundred to seven hundred tons' burthen, load- 
ed, may lie afloat at low water. 

On the first Tuesday of July the first session of the 
Court of Common Pleas was held in Bangor under the 
act incorporating the county of Penobscot passed Feb- 
ruary 15, 18 1 6. Bangor had been made a half-shire 
town with Castine, February 28, 1814, and an office for 
the Registry of Deeds in the northern half of the county 
had existed there since that time. 

The act incorporating the new county went into opera- 
tion on April i, 1816, with the following officers, ap- 
pointed by the Governor: Samuel E. Dutton, Bangor, 
Judge of Probate; Allen Oilman, Bangor, Register of 
Probate; Jacob McGaw, Bangor, County Attorney; 
Thomas Cobb, Bangor, Clerk of the Courts; Jedidiah 
Herrick, Hampden, Sheriff 

John Wilkins was elected Register of Deeds. There 
were only two towns in the county that made legal re- 
turns, Corinth and Levant. Mr. Wilkins was elected by 
twenty-six votes over Chailes Rice, who had eight votes, 
by the legal returns. 

Zadock Davis, a tanner, lived at the end of the street 
called Joppa, and for a great number of years was 
honored by his fellow-townsmen with the office of keeper 
of the pound, which was directly opposite his establish- 
ment, and convenient for him to look after. It was 
situated on the river side ot Main street, near the brook 
which runs under the Maine Central depot. And to Mr. 
Davis the great men of the town had frequently to resort 
and pay tribute for the trespass of a horse, cow, or other 
animal. They always found him urbane and gentle, 
therefore he was a popular office-holder. He it was who 
after the Hampden battle voluntarily performed good 
service for his company in hiding the guns in the woods 
after the famous retreat, and, involuntarily, a like good 
service to the enemy in revealing to them their place of 
concealment. But the enemy patronized him — for he 
was a shoe-manufacturer, as well as a tinner, and they 
wanted shoes. Some came, got fitted, and marched off 
triumphantly, forgetting to pay; others, more considerate, 
paid him any price he saw fit to put upon his wares; and 
on the whole he was the better off for the custom. He 
probably fared quite as well with them as he did with 
his regular customers, many of whom had as poor iriem- 
ories as the non-paying Britons. But he had a way of 
demanding payment of these, which was effective and 
not offensive. The Register was a convenient vehicle 
for his duns, and in this way did he use it: 

IF THE CO.\T .SUITS, PUT IT ON. 
To such as promise and don t pay, 

But forfeit promise-keeping, 
I have a word or two to sav. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



575 



And ilieti I must send Greeting, 

L'nless these lines soon take effect 

And bring you to your bearing. 
And each one comes and pays his debt. 

And shuns the storm preparing. 

* And now if you'll take my advice, 

You'Uhave it cheap as dirt, sirs; 
You'll pay me promptly, if you're wise. 
And then you shan't be hurt, sirs. 

Else there'll be trouble in the camp 

For each delinquent debtor; 
Now, dear sirs, do not act the scamp. 
But pay, for that is better. 

Z.\DOCK D.wis. 
B.\NGOK, August 7, 1816. 

Bangor was resorted to for lumber this year from the 
East as well as from the West. In the three weeks next 
preceding August 17th, thirteen large vessels sailed from 
the port for Lubec with cargoes of lumber. Severn] 
others sailed shortly afterwards. 

Some enterprising person, deeming that ])acl<eting 
from Bangor would be profitable, built a packet sloop 
which he called the Herald, to put into the business. It 
was launched August 13th, and was sailed by Captain 
John Perkins. 

On August 23d Joshua P. Dickinson established him- 
self in Bangor, and practiced in the families of the Con- 
gregational Society, whose meetings he attended. The 
practice was divided between him and Dr. Rich, who 
had been established in the town since 1806, and gave 
more attention to his business than to the ordinances of 
the church; therefore, on the arrival of the more com- 
plaisant physician, many left the old and employed the 
new one. The effect was as is usual in such cases. 

The Sunday-school, which was commenced in 1814, 
with eight scholars, had now an attendance of from sev- 
enty to eighty. "A worthy young gentleman and three 
pious and accomplished ycjung ladies,'' were the teachers. 
Three or four classes were taught in separate apartments 
in the same building. The school was in session an 
hour and a half after the church service in the after- 
noon. The pupils were examined as to their knowledge 
of the Lord's Prayer, the Ten Commandments, the 
Westminster Catechism, and taught lessons from the 
Scriptures. Each child was expected to repeat religious 
poetry — generally from Dr. Watts. The class contain- 
ing the more advanced members were questioned in ref- 
erence to a particular chapter of the Bible which the 
Superintendent had designated on the preceding Sunday 
for reading in the week. He explained the difficult 
passages and closed the session with prayer. It was said 
of this school that it had "already become the source of 
much good, and gave assurance of invaluable useful- 
ness." 

On August 19 Captain Isaac Hatch died, at the age 
of fifty-one. He built the Hatch tavern on Main street 
in 1 80 1, and had a store at the foot of Water street, 
which was afterward occupied by Perkins and Parker. 
Mr. Hatch's tavern was for several years the principal inn 
of the place. Besides carrying this on he gave his at- 
tention somewhat to trade, and consequently had deal- 
ings in lumber. It was then the practice to send lumber 



to Boston for a market, and as purchasers were sought 
they had their own way in regard to the survey. If a 
cargo of merchantable lumber was shipped from Bangor, 
under the manipulation of the Boston Surveyor a con- 
siderable portion of it turned out to be refuse, a lower 
grade, and the price was regulated accordingly. Mr. 
Hatch had once a customer who wished him to ship 
to him at Boston some merchantable lumber at a certain 
price. As he had patronized the Captain's inn the 
Captain agreed to do so, and was disposed to take pains 
to send him as good a quality ot lumber for the price as 
he could afford. He went to Boston and was there 
when the cargo arrived, and found that lumber had ad- 
I vanced in value. The purchaser put his surveyor upon 
> the cargo, who set aside about half of it as " refuse." In 
a different state of the market the Captain might have 
] objected, but as it was he said nothing. After the dif- 
ferent qualities were separated, and the customer had 
computed his indebtedness for the meichantable lumber, 
he said to Mr. Hatch that they would have the refuse 
surveyed. Mr. Hatch demurred. The customer in- 
sisted. Mr. Hatch said he had furnished him with the 
merchantable lumber as he had agreed ; that he had not 
agreed to furnish him w^ith refuse. He would take 
charge of that. He did so, and obtained more for it per 
thousand than he had for the merchantable! 

The Selectmen were instructed that year to {petition 
the Legislature to obtain the enactment of a law secur- 
ing all the fishing privileges in Bangor to the town. 

The petition for the separation of the District from 
Massachusetts resulted in a reference of the question by 
the Legislature to the people who were to hold meetings 
upon the 20th of May to vote upon it. The whole num- 
ber of votes in the District was 37,328. Only 16,894 — 
not half — voted. There were 10,393 yeas to 6,501 nays. 
Notwithstanding the people were so indiflerent to the 
matter, the Maine Senators and most of the Representa- 
tives procured the passage of an act on the 20th of June, 
directing meetings to be held throughout the District on 
the first Monday of September to vote on the question, 
"Is it expedient that the District of Maine be separated 
from Massachusetts and become an independent State?" 
and delegates were to be chosen, ecpial in number to the 
Representatives, to meet at Brunswick on the last Monday 
of September to determine if a majority of five to tour 
of the votes returned were in favor of the separation. 

The delegate elected in Bangor w.as Joseph Leavitt. 
He received 53 votes; William 1). Williamson, 22; 
Allen Oilman, 18 ; Moses Patten, 10 ; Jacob McCiaw, i ; 
Amos Patten, i. 

The number of delegates elected at the Convention was 
185. If they found that the legal majority of votes was 
in the affirmative, they were authorized to form a Con- 
stitution. Two-thirds of the delegates were favorable to 
the separation. The votes cast were 10,969 yeas, lo,- 
347 nays. The committee of the Convention reported 
that "the whole aggregate majority of yeas over the nays, 
in the towns and plantations in favor, was 6,031 ; 
the whole aggregate of nays over the yeas, in the towns and 
plantations, opposed was 4,409 ; then as five is to four 



576 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



so is 6,031 to 4,825 ; but the majority of nays is 4,409 
only." The Convention accepted the report, appointed 
one committee to draft a constitution and another to ap- 
ply to Congress for admission into the Union as a State, 
and adjourned to the third Tuesd'ay of December. 

Mr. Leavitt was appointed a member of the Committee 
on the Constitution, but his services were not required. 
The Legislature's arithmetic was different from that of 
the Convention. They did not see that as "five is to 
four, so is 11,969 to 10,357," but declared that the con- 
vention had misconstrued the act, and dissolved it. Our 
delegate thus expressed his disappointment : "Thus 
by much artful management of the officers and I think 
unfair and improper measures, and by help of the strong 
arm of the Government, the high, important, and bene- 
ficial question is put at rest — but, I hope, but for a short 
time." 

The question had been discussed at length in the 
Register and in other papers in the State, with consider- 
able vigor, not to say acrimony. But the question of 
separation was known to be only one of time. 

The vote of Bangor for Representative to Congress 
this year was : For John Wilson, 39 ; Martin Kinsley, 
17; Jacob McGaw, Francis Carr, and Martin, each one 
vote. 

Mr. Kinsley was the Republican candidate, nominated 
on October 16 by a convention held at Tobey's tavern, 
in Frankfort, in pursuance of the first call for a Repub- 
lican or Democratic convention that ever appeared in a 
newspaper in the county of Penobscot. It was in the 
Register of September 21st. 

Moses Greenleaf, of Williamsburg, first published his 
map of Maine this year. 

A singular phenomenon occurred in October. The 
water in the Penobscot River, and in springs and wells in 
various parts of the town, was salt for several weeks. It 
was conjectured that the water contained one-sixteenth 
saline matter. The saltness of the water in the river 
was easily accounted for, if there was an unusual drought. 
That of ihe water in the springs and wells is more in- 
comprehensible. The Register said that such a circum- 
stance was "never before known to the oldest inhab- 
itant." 

Much attention was given to military affairs in these 
days, and a militia organization was deemed as important 
throughout the State as it is now in Massachusetts. But 
there were people who possessed ideas upon the subject 
"in advance of the times," and in expressing them some- 
times permitted their zeal to get the better of their dis- 
cretion. 

In October a preacher of the Methodist persuasion 
was addressing a congregation in a school-house in Le- 
vant (now Kenduskeag) on Sunday, and Colonel Trafton, 
who the day before (12th) had been reviewing a battalion 
of his regiment in Charleston, being on his return to 
Bangor in company with the field officers, they manifest 
ed their regard for religious observances and the Lord's 
day by attending the meeting in costume. As may be 
supposed, the attention of a large part of the congrega- 
tion was diverted from the preacher to the military 



strangers, who presently found themselves shocked by a 
little diversion of the preacher himself in their direction, 
as they imagined. He warned his hearers against "the 
evil consequences and the dangerous tendency of those 
military appearances and badges of military distinction 
that were then present in their view." After the service, 
one of the visitors "insulted the minister with his con- 
versation, and then went off without any person making 
him any answer." However, he had revenge, for he 
preached the pre.acher a long sermon in the Register, 
though it was not quite as impressive as it would have 
been if the result of the Hampden battle had been dif- 
ferent, and he had had before him a poor, war worn sol- 
dier who had been wounded by the shafts of the enemy." 

A brief history of the first ununiformed militia of Ban- 
gor is embraced in the following paragraph : — 

After the commencement of the Revolution, the first 
organized militia — a company of infantry — on June 11, 
1776, elected Thomas Campbell its first captain. In 
1779 he removed to Brunswick, and came to Brewer in 
1783. In 17S5 or 1786, Robert Treat was elected cap- 
tain in place of Campbell, removed. Before he took 
command of the company he was elected Major, and 
Jaujes Budge was elected captain. He was honorably 
discharged by Governor John Hancock, at his own re- 
quest, and on January i, 1794, Benjamin Smith was 
elected to the vacancy. Captain Smith removed to 
Salem; and, several plantations having been aimexed to 
the Bangor military district. Captain Edward Wilkins, of 
New Charleston, was elected captain. Captain Elisha 
Mayhevv succeeded Wilkins, October 21, 1805, who was 
honorably discharged. Captain Ma) hew was promoted 
to Lieutenant-Colonel. On April 29,181 1, Josiah Barker, 
of Exeter, was elected caiitain, and commanded the com- 
pany in 1816. A later companv of infantry was organ- 
ized in Bangor, and Timothy Crosby was elected its cap- 
tain. Ca])tain Crosby was promoted to Major. 

A cause of much excitement in Bangor this year was 
the reported robbery of Elijah P. Goodrich. He had 
resided in Danvers, Massachusetts, and removed to Ban- 
gor, where he opened a country store. In December he 
made a visit to Boston, ostensibly for the purpose of pur- 
chasing goods, and on his way procured $1,700 in gold 
from the Exeter Bank. On the 19th of December, about 
9 o'clock in the evening, he passed the chain bridge at 
Newburyport. About an hour afterward he returned to 
the toll-house and reported that he had been robbed of 
his money by three men ; that one of them seized his 
horse and another demanded his money, which he jirom- 
ised to deliver. He then opened his portmanteau and 
took therefrom a pistol to shoot the robber, but the rob- 
ber had a pistol at his breast ; that he struck it aside, . 
and, the robber discharging it, its contents went through 
his hand ; that he was then dragged into an adjoining 
field, his handkerchief was stuffed into his mouth, and 
he was struck several blows. He was then robbed, and 
the robbers disappeared. Having obtained assistance at 
the bridge, he attempted to return to the place of the 
robbery, but, fainting on the way, he was taken back to 
the bridge. After recovering, he accompanied the men 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



577 



CHAPTER X. 

Political Parties— Military — Mr. Loomis — Affair of the Singers — Op- 
position — Proposal for two Parishes — Not Agreed to — Gaol Built — 
Hessian Fly — Bangor Bank Organized — James Burton takes the 
"Register" — Agriculture Reviving. 

1817. The name of Federalist had been for many 
years applied to the ])ariy opposed to the Administration, 
and that of Republican or Democrat to the party that 
sust.Tined it. .V writer in the Register of January 27, 
1816, said that they were terms of reproach. " With one 
73 



with a lantern to the place, and found his portmanteau, 
letters, papers, watch, $50 in bills upon the ground, and 
a letter containing money which a friend in Bangor had 
sent by him. 

Three men were arrested for the robbery, taken before 
a magistrate and discharged for want of evidence. Levi 
and Laban Kenniston were afterwards arrested in New- 
market, New Hampshire. They were both in Newbury- 
port on the day of the occurrence, and Goodrich, pretend- 
ing to have reason therefor, caused their father's house, 
where they lived, to be searched. The result of this 
search was the discovery of two doubloons with Good- 
rich's mark on them, in a pork barrel in the cellar; 
another in their father's pantaloons pocket, which were 
hanging up; and a bank-bill in a drawer, with a name 
which had been written upon it by Mr. Goodrich. The 
Kennistons we-e committed and tried at Ipswich in April. 
They were defended by Daniel Webster and Samuel L. 
Knapp, and after a trial of two days were acquitted. 
Solicitor-Cleneral Davis conducted the prosecution. 

Goodrich wrote to a friend in Bangor in April, saying 
that lie had traced one of the robbers to New York, and 
finding a part of his money and papers upon him, had 
caused his arrest; that the fellow "defended himself most i 
manfully, and one of the Marshals of the city received a 
severe wound in arresting him." 

The belief arose and gained ground that this was a case 
of self-robbery, and that Goodrich's motives were best 
known to himself, though pretty well understood by 
others. He returned to Bangor and put into his store a 
new stock of goods. He continued for a while to do 
business, but finally failed and went to Norfolk, Virginia. 

This year Joseph Carr was appointed Inspector of the 
Revenue for the Port of Bangor. John Wilkins was ap- 
pointed Collector of the United States of the direct tax 
of 1816, and of the arrearages of the taxes of 1798. 

Mr. Leavitt launched the schooner America in Sep- 
tember. In October, on her first voyage to Boston, she 
got caught in the ice and was cut out for about three 
miles at Hampden. The weather was very cold this 
month, but the last two weeks of December were as warm 
and jjleasant as April. 



is very often associated the idea of Tory and British 
politics, and wath the other disorganization and French 
politics." Doubtless each party entertained these views 
of each other, and as there were few persons who did 
not belong either to the one party or the other, the feel- 
ing of reproach did not extend beyond the limits 
of the party that harbored it. The political parties 
did not permit their regard for the welfare of the country 
to slumber, or their virulence towards each other to 
abate. The Republicans nominated William D. William- 
son as their candidate for Senator. The Federal Repub- 
licans nominated Jacob McCiaw. 

The military organizations were still active. Captain 
Jona. Haskins, of Hampden, of the cavalry, and Captain 
David J. Bent, of Bangor, of the artillery, were elected 
Majors. 

Personally attractive as Mr. Loomis was, it was too 
much to expect that, among such a promiscuous popula- 
tion as existed in Bangor, he could be popular with all, 
or that he could altogether avoid giving offense. In the 
Court House where he held his meetings there was a 
gallery opposite his desk, and seats were provided for a 
choir. Among the singers were some of the_ leading 
young gentlemen of the town; all of whom subsequently 
held offices of trust. One at least became Mayor of the 
city; others Representatives to the Legislature, and at- 
tained to other important positions. On one Sunday, the 
heat being oppressive, these gentlemen, as is not un- 
common with singers in a choir, after their great efforts 
in helping the devotions along as far as the sermon, placed 
themselves in comfortable positions for taking in the 
eloquent periods of the speaker, but, unfortunately, went 
to sleep, and continued in a happy state of oblivion until 
aroused by a reproving remark which the divine — whose 
forbearance had been too long taxed — directed towards 
them. Their pride was touched. They left the gallery 
and the house; and not more than two. of the number 
ever re-entered it when Mr. Loomis officiated, and only 
one of them permanently. 

Much feeling grew out of the afiair in the town, and it 
was not difficult to organize an opposition among the 
non-religious and others who did not sympathize with 
Mr. Loomis and his people in the matter of doctrine. 

At the town meeting on March 10, 181 7, the opposi- 
tion had so much strength that the town refused to raise 
the customary sum for his salary; $1,200 were raised for 
highways; $850 for schools; $250 for the bridge compa- 
ny; $750 for town expenses, but nothing tor preaching. 

At this meeting Joseph Leavitt, Moses Patten, and 
Jose|3h Carr, were elected Selectmen; Joseph Leavitt, 
Town Clerk; Mr. Loomis, Allen Oilman, Joseph Carr, 
Joseph Leavitt, Superintending School Committee; 
Thomas A. Hill, Treasurer; Samuel E. Dutton, Town 
Agent. Mr. Joseph Leavitt was not in favor of raising 
Mr. Loomis's salary "in that way." But presently 
Messrs. Stephen S. Crosby, Joseph R. Lumbert, Newell 
Bean, Abner Taylor, Edmund Dole, Robert Parker, and 
Joseph Treat, requested Mr. Leavitt and the other Select- 
men to call a meeting "to see if the inhabitants will 
vote to raise the present year's salary of Rev. Mr. Loomis 



5/8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



according to the contract made with him," to be held on 
April 23, at 10 of the o'clock a. m. There Messrs. Edward 
Sargent, Mark Trafton, John Ham, Samuel Smith, Zebu- 
Ion Smith, John Harlow, Wiggins Hill, and Thomas 
Bradbury addressed a reijuest to Mr. Leavitt and the 
other Selectmen to call a meeting of the inhabitants on 
April 28, at 9 o'clock a. m., to see if the town will take 
any measures or adopt any mode to divide said town into 
two ministerial or religious parishes, with metes and 
bounds, or otherwise, with equal rights and privileges, 
and appropriate money thereto," and "to see if the town 
will think it advisable to reconsider the vote passed at 
the annual meeting relative to the Rev. Mr. Loomis's 
salary." 

The Selectmen called the meetings as requested, and 
the town voted at the meeting which was to be held at 
10 o'clock to raise eight hundred dollars for Mr. Loomis's 
salary. The vote was taken by yeas and nays, and Mr. 
Leavitt says the salary was raised "rather by consent," 
etc., etc. At the 9 o'clock meeting it was voted to di- 
vide the town into two parishes, and a large committee 
was raised to fix upon a dividing line between the par- 
ishes, and to re[)ort at an adjourned meeting on May 5. 
At that meeting a report was made which the town voted 
not to accept, and thus ended the matter of the two par- 
ishes. 

'I'his year Joseph Carr received, for County Treasurer, 
3 votes, John Wilkins 50, Thomas A. Hill 36. 

For Governor, Major-General Henry Dearborn had 67 
votes, John Brooks 62, Luther H. Hills i. 

For Senator and Counsellor, William D. Williamson 
had 61 votes, Jacob McGaw 55. Mr, Williamson was 
elected. 

For Representative to the General Court, Joseph Treat 
had 76 votes, William Emerson 50, and Major Treat was 
elected. 

At the March term of the Court of Common Pleas, 
Jedediah Herrick, Moses Patten, and Joseph Treat were 
authorized to contract for the building of a gaol of wood, 
well secured with iron, and one thousand dollars were ap- 
propriated for the pur|)Ose, and on April 3 they adver- 
tised for proposals for materials and building. The jail 
was built. It occupied a small portion of the space oc- 
cujjied by the present Court-house, its front being about 
where the front of the Court-house is. Between the jail 
and Hammond street stood the gaoler's house. It was a 
narrow two-story frame house, jiainted straw-color, with 
the front door in the center. 

A short distance from the left of these buildings on 
entering, was a high, steep gravel hill, from which the 
gravel — which was excellent- -was taken for the streets. 
The top of this hill was, perhaps, twenty feet above 
where Court street now is, and had a large surface which 
was occupied many years as a burial-ground. At the 
northerly end, a little west of where the city stable now 
is, was a brick powder-house. The view from this hill 
was very fine. At this time one can hardly be made to 
understand how great a change the little piece of territory 
between the Court-house, the Savary House, Hammond 
street, and the Kenduskeag, has undergone in fifty years. 



Stephen Kimball, Thomas A. Hill, James Bartletq 
Stephen S. Crosby, and Joseph Treat, having last yea| 
applied for incorporation to build a canal from Pushavj 
Lake to Bangor tide-waters, and a dam across the Pusha\ll 
Stream, below Dead Stream, organized on July 12 as th4 
"Penobscot Canal Corporation." The canal is not novi 
in existence, if it was ever built. 

In July it was stated that the "Ohio fever" seemed to 
have received a check "by the season's pleasing pros^ I 
pect." But the "Hessian fly" made its appearance and 
created great alarm amongst the farmers, who feared thai 
their wheat would be utterly devastated by the pest. 

During the autumn of this year Messrs. Leavitt and 
Bartlett put up the walls and roof of the brick building 
on Washington street, now containing offices of the 
European & North American Railway, commenced it on 
September, and had the walls and roof completed Novem- 
ber I. 

The French Block of three stores, at the corner of Ex- 
change and Washington streets — now also the estate of 1 
the European & North American Railway Company — ■ 
was built by Zadock French about 1S08. About the 
same time Mr. French built on the water side of Ex- 
change street, about half-way between Washington and I 
Hancock streets, a long, low building which ran length- 
wise toward the river, called the "Still House." It was 1 
never used as a distillery, however, and hardly for any 
other purpose except storing. 

The Bangor bank was organized September 15, 1817. 
Samuel E. Dutton, Joseph Leavitt, John Barker, Eliashib 1 
Adams, and Thomas A. Hill were elected Directors 
unanimously. Mr. Dutton was elected President, and 
Mr. Adams Cashier. On October 20th the first deposit 
and discounts were made. 

The bank had formed a connection with Ebenezer T. 
Andrews, John French, and Ashur Adams, of Boston, 
who were the owners of four hundred shares, and were 
jointly and severally agents of the bank, and were to 
keep the bills in good credit. 

On December 25 Mr. James Burton, Jr., from .Augusta, 
commenced to publish the Register, He promised to 
furnish the public with a good paper; that "temperate 
and well-written communications would not be excluded 
because they were of a Republican or Federal characterJ 
for the Register would entertain no political predilection 
for the one more than the other." It "would espouse 
the tranquil spirit of the age, and support the ingenuous 
chaiacter it had borne under the management of its for- 
mer editor." 

Notwithstanding the murmurings in regard to the bar' 
renness of Maine and the inhospitableness of its climate, 
yet there were those who had confidence in its fruitful- 
ness and faith as to its progress. Breadstuff's were scared 
m 1 8 10, and people feared a famine and removed ta 
Ohio. This year, under the influence of a genial sun,! 
the hopes of the disconsolate were revived, and they dis-^ 
covered that by making an effort they could obtain from 
the soil food sufficient for their families and to spare; 
that the reason of the scarcity of brcadstuffs the last 
year "was not that wheat would not grow, but that it 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



579 



was not sown." Much was made of the fact that Mr. 
Daniel Hussey, on the Kennebec, raised sixty four and a 
half busbels of wheat on an acre and twenty rods of 
ground. It had been a cattle yard for two summers be- 
fore, was plowed in July, 1815; cross-plowed in the fall; 
plowed twice in the spring of 1816. Two and a half 
bushels of seed were put in. 



CHAPTER XI. 

The Registers Editorials— First Baptist Church Organized— Music- 
Successful .Agriculture— Town Officers— State Election— River Fish- 
erics— Haty Colson— -A Charitable Work Criticised— County Officers 
—The Court-house— The Gaol — How a Salmon was Caught— Nego- 
tiations with the Penobscot Indians for their Lands — Solicitor Davis's 
Speech— Result, the British Surrender Eastpoit— Commissioners of 
the Land Office Procure a Survey of the Indian Purchase— James 
Irish — .Andrew Strong — Anecdotes of him — Young Ladies' Academy 
— Military training — Trustees — Visit of Governor Brooks — Colonel 
Hodsdon's Enthusiasm— Canvass for Representative to Congress — 
Martin Kinsley— Leonard James- Kinsley Elected —The Bussey 
Lands— Daniel Pike and others Shipwrecked — Rev. Mr. Loomis's 
Sickness— His Singular Recovery— Death of James Carr— Land 
Speculation. 

1818. Mr. Burton's editorials were few and far be- 
tween in the early issues of his paper. The most im- 
portant bit of news on January 1st was communicated 
semi-editorially by "Brewer," that the Eastern Argus 
announced that " Mr. Holmes had a new suit of clothes 
before he went to Congress!" 

On the last Friday in January the First Baptist church 
was organized in the "John Harlow house." The mem- 
bers were Nathaniel Burrill, Royal Clark, John LeGro, 
Edward Sargent, Thomas Bradbury, Rachel Burrill, Su- 
san R. Clark, Patience LeGro, Sarah Randall, Catharine 
Logan, and Sarah P. Burr. In the December previous, 
Rev. Isaac Case baptized, in the Kenduskeag Stream, 
Edward Sargent and Sarah Randall. It is believed that 
these were the first persons baptized by immersion in 
Bangor. 

The people were not yet sufficiently engrossed in the 
severer labors of life to be averse to the harmonizing 
influence of music. Allen Gilman gave notice on Janu- 
ary 6th that the Hancock Musical Society would meet 
on February 2 2d, at the dwelling-house of Rev. Jona- 
than Fisher, in Bluehill. William .A-bbott, then a leading 
lawyer of Castine, and perhaps Joseph Bryant, a leading 
merchant, and Bradford Harlow, of the same place, were 
promoters of it. .Mr. Gilman, Mr. Abbott, Mr. Bryant, 
and Mr. Harlow were afterwards Mayors of Bangor. 

When the fact of Mr. Daniel Hussey's success in 
wheat-raising became known, people who had had simi- 
lar success had something to communicate in favor of 
the agricultural capabilities of the soil on the Penobscot. 
In 181 7 Mr. Philip Coombs had raised in Bangor two 
hundred bushels of potatoes on half an acre of ground, 



and a squash weighing forty-nine, and a half pounds. 
-Mr. John Ham had raised on a piece of ground twelve 
by fifteen feet, four bushels of onions — at the rate of 
963 busliels to the acre. He sold them for $t.i2j2 per 
bushel — at the rate of $1,083 to the acre; and Mr. Tile- 
ston Snow, of Piscataquis, to excite "emulation in farm- 
ing," informed the public that he had raised a hog 
weighing 480 pounds, which he sold in the Bangor mar- 
ket for $60.07. This was well for that day. But in March, 
1873, when the capabilities of the hog-kine were better 
understood, Mr. Elhanan Garland, of Kenduskeag, sold 
in the Bangor market a swine twenty-six months old, 
which weighed before it was dressed nine hundred 
pounds, and measured eight and a half feet in length, 
girth seven feet and an inch. 

At the annual meeting March 9, 1818, Joseph Leavitt, 
Moses Patten, and Joseph Carr were again elected Se- 
lectmen and Assessors ; Thornas A. Hill, Treasurer; 
Samuel E. Dutton, Agent; Harvey Loomis, William D. 
Williamson, and Daniel Pike Superintending School 
Committee; $800 were raised for highways, $900 for 
schools, $400 for the Bridge Company, $1,400 for town 
expenses, $800 for Mr. Loomis's salary. 

Iri April the votes for John Brooks for Governor were 
66; for Beiijamin W. Crowninshield, 59; for Jacob McGaw, 
for -Senator, 57 votes; for William D. Williamson, 63. 
John Wilkins had 89 votes for County Treasurer. Amos 
Patten, Allen Gilrnan, and Jacob McGaw were appointed 
a committee to memorialize the Legislature in regard to 
the fisheries and weirs in Penobscot River, and to give 
instructions to the Representative respecting them. At 
the May meeting, called to elect a Representative to the 
Legislature, Mr. Amos Patten made a motion that it was 
inexpedient that year. The motion was negatived, and 
Joseph Treat received 88 votes and was elected. On 
November 2d the town balloted for Representative to 
Congress. Martin Kinsley had 35 votes, John Wilson 
20, Leonard Jarvis 2. 

Mr. Tileston Snow, who raised hogs "to excite emula- 
tion in farniing," having been obliged to pay to Thomas 
A. Hill an office fee of 25 cents on one of Mr. Edes's 
bills, was so much aggrieved that he attempted to raise 
the public indignation by giving public notice that he had 
found to his cost that there was no leliance to be placed 
on the assurance given that "the fears of timid persons 
of being immediately put to cost were perfectly ground- 
less." 

Some good people were annoyed by children going out 
of the meeting and crowding around the stoves during 
religious services ; and portable stoves were suggested as 
a remedy m cold weather. This, however, would not do 
for Hatevil Colson — called "Haty Colson" — an unfortu- 
nate man, who had been jilted by "Jenny Cloldthread," 
and was supposed to be "love-cracked," and wandered 
about the country telling the young ladies of his griefs, 
and filling his pockets with such unwatched goods and 
chattels as he could readily lay his hands upon. Much 
of this property was stowed away in his pockets to ap- 
pease hunger in his travels; but sometimes it needed 
heat to make it palatable. AVhen this was the case he 



S8o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



I 



resorted to the place most convenient for cooking, no 
matter where it was. On Sunday, happening to be pass- 
ing, it occurred to him that a stove in Mr. Loomis's 
meeting-house, which stood near the door, would enable 
him to get up a feast. Accordingly he went in, and it 
was not long before the savory smell of sausages and 
bacon frying reached the olfactories of the congregation. 
The effect upon the tythingmen, it is said, was a marvel 
to see. 

This Haty Colson was not without wit. When the 
British were at Castine, in his wanderings he reached 
that place, and getting into the fort greatly amused the 
soldiers, and the officers also. Having heard of General 
Gosselin, he demanded to be conducted into his presence. 
The wags humored him, and it was announced to the 
General in his quarters that a person wished to see him. 
The General ordered that he be admitted. On entering 
the room, Haty approached the General and asked, quite 
peremptorily, if his name was Goslin. "Yes," replied 
the General, "that is my name. What is your wish?" 
" the goose that hatched you." 

The General discovered his infirmity, and being 
amused by him, permitted him to come and go at his 
pleasure. He was the terror of children, but many 
amusing anecdotes are remembered of him by people 
who are now living on his ancient vagabond route. 

A controversy was started this year by an intermed- 
dling "stranger," as he called himself, such as is not un- 
usual in the growth of communities. The ladies of Mr. 
Loomis's society had formed an association to provide 
means by their labor for the education of young men for 
the ministry. This "stranger" took it upon himself to 
suggest — while acknowledging their object noble and 
praiseworthy — "the absolute and imperious necessity to 
do something for the poor, suffering children in this 
vicinity," and that instead of spending $40 or $50 as 
they proposed it "would not be more a deed of real 
charity to examine and relieve the children of their im- 
mediate vicinity!" 

This aroused the champions of the ladies. They be- 
labored "stranger" for intermeddling with matters that 
he did not understand, and for intimating that the 
ladies had expended only $40 or $50 in the education 
of ministers, when they had in thirteen months earned 
$100 for the purpose; and that the poor were neglected 
for this charity, when they were not "overlooked in the 
general regulations of the village or in the exercise of 
general munificence." 

The controversy closed with accomplishing all that 
such controversies usually accomplish — the stirring up of 
bad blood. The Christian people of America have 
learned since then that men can bestow their labors and 
their charities for the improvement or comfort of their 
fellow-men as they think fit; and tiiat, perhaps, they are 
as good judges of what it is proper for them to do as 
those who criticise them. 

For the purpose of correcting an erroneous report that 
was circulating in the community, Professor Ashmun, of 
the Theological Seminary, gave public information that ex- 
press provision is made in the constitution of the seminary 



for the gratuitous education of young men of any relig-j 
ious denomination, who appear to possess the requisite! 
character and hold the essential doctrines of the Gospel. 

The subject of erecting a fire-proof building for the 
Record offices was agitated this year, and resulted in the 
erection of a long narrow building of three stories on the| 
west side of Main street, directly opposite the southerly! 
side of West Market Square, in the lower story of which,} 
at the right as you entered, was the Bangor Bank, at the 
left the Athenasum; in the second story the Registry of 
Deeds and of Probate, and, in the third story, offices. 

There were then no buildings between the bank build- 
ing and Hammond street. The Court-house fronted on 
West Market Square, and the ascent to it was terraced 
and turfed. The building was handsome for that day, 
and appeared well from the Square. It was approached 
by broad steps. After a time Mr. Thomas A. Hill com- 
menced encroaching upon the front by erecting a block 
of two buildings next north of the bank. In a few years 
the whole front, including the passage-way to the steps, 
was closed, and the courts were at length accommodated 
elsewhere. 

The jail proved not to be so strong that smart prisoners 
could not make their way out of it. On May 22 Thomas 
Delahant, an Irishman and a spinner, who for theft had 
been imprisoned, tried the strength of the "jug," as it 
was called, and found little difficulty in making his way 
out of it and compelling the keeper, Lynde Valentine, 
to offer a reward of $20 for his re-arrest. This Delahant 
was the first goal-breaker in the county. Many others 
succeeded him at different times, for that jail was rather 
inadequate to the purpose for which it was designed. 
John Dearborn, another thief, taxed Mr. Valentine's 
jiocket, a month afterward, for another $20, by leaving the 
jail suddenly. 

A feat performed by John Chambers was thought ex- 
traordinary. Standing upon Samuel Stone's wharf, at 
Brewer village, one evening in May, he observed the 
wake of a fish which was swimming in the river, and 
made up his mind to capture him. He jumped into a 
boat, and sculling near, thrust his hand into the water, 
seized the fish, and drew it into the boat. It proved to 
be a nice fat salmon weighing ten and a half pounds. 
The salmon of that day were more absent-minded than 
those of the present, or we should not have had this fish 
story. 

At the last session of the Legislature a resolve was 
passed authorizing the Governor to appoint three Com- 
missioners to negotiate with the Penobscot Indians for 
their lands. Accordingly the Governor appointed Ed- 
ward H. Robbins, who had been for many years Speaker 
of the House, Daniel Davis, Solicitor-General, and Mark 
Langdon Hill, of Bath, who was many years a Senator, 
to carry out the intentions of the Legislature. 

They met the Indians at Bangor, on the 24th of June, 
who were represented by their chiefs, twenty-seven in 
number, including their Governor, John Etienne, and 
Lieutenant-Governor John Neptune, and accompanied 
by General John Blake, the Indian agent. 

The occasion was made of some notoriety by the 



& 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



581 



magistrates of the town. The Free Masons had a cele- 
bration, it being St. John's day — and had the Commis- 
sioners, to dine with them at Lunibert's Hotel. After 
the dinner, agreeably to the arrangements, a procession 
was formed at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, consisting of 
the Commissioners, municipal officers. Rev. Thomas Wil- 
liams, of Brewer, military ofhccrs, magistrates of the 
county, strangers, and citizens, and marched to the Court- 
house, where many ladies and gentlemen had already 
assembled. After the Commissioners were seated, the 
chiefs entered the liouse, accompanied by General 
Blake, Colonel Eben Webster, and Major Joseph Treat, 
and the Commissioners arose. When all were seated, 
Mr. Davis, on the part of the Commissioners, addressed 
them in these words: 

Chiefs and Brothers of the Pinobscot Trite : We acknowledge the 
goodness of Almighty God, the Great and Good Spirit, who made both 
you and us. and from whom all our blessings are received, that we are 
permitted to meet you here this day, in peace and friendship. 

.And as he is this year blessing the earth with the warmth of the sun 
and the refreshing rain from the clouds, and giving us the prospect of 
great abundance foi the use of man and beast, it is the duty of both 
you and us to praise and adore him with our whole hearts. 

Then, after saying that they had nothing in view but 
what was for the benefit of the tribe and the best 
means of improving their condition in life, and desired 
that nothing should be agreed upon without their "free 
will and consent," he proceeds: 

Brothers: The General Court have empowered us to agree with you 
for the purchase of your right to the lands and islands on Penobscot 
River, which you now possess, and have a right to use for hunting and 
fishing. We therefore ask you to tell us plainly and explicitly, whether 
you are willing to sell us your right to the Islands. This is the first 
thing that we shall ask you to tell us; and we shall wait patiently for 
your answer, before we make you any particular proposals. 

Brothers: If you tell us that you are willing to sell your right to the 
lands and islands, we now declare to you, that we are authorized to 
give and deliver you therefore such articles as will feed and clothe you 
and your women and children, while you shall be hunting in the forest, 
and they shall be suffering in the cold and storms of winter. 

He then protests their intention to deal plainly and 
honestly with them, and their liability to punishment by 
the Great Spirit, the General Court, and the Governor, if 
they did not, and proceeded: 

Brothers : If you should agree to sell us your right to these lands 
and islands, and if all can agree on the terms thereof, we further de- 
clare to you, that we are authorized and commanded by the General 
Court to examine into your situation and condition as men. The Gen- 
eral Court consider you as their children; for they know that you were 
made and are protected and governed by the same kind Parent and 
Benefactor as ourselves. We will therefore propose and are ready to 
agree upon all proper means to improve your moral and religious hab- 
its and feelings — to learn \sic~\ you the use of tools for the improvement 
and tillage of the land — for it is the express command of the Great 
Spirit that we shall till the ground and subdue it — To afford you the 
means of obtaining useful knowledge for yourselves and your children — 
To persuade vou to live industrious and useful lives — To abstain from 
the use of spirituous liquors, which is the poison that has destroyed so 
many white men and Indians, and caused them to melt away like snow 
before the fire. But, above all things, to persuade you to love and 
obey God and his son Jesus Christ; so as that when you come to die 
and leave the land to your children, and your mortal bodies be buried 
in its bosom, you may be prepared to hve forever with your good 
friends and fathers that have gone before you. 

Lieutenant-Governor Neptune made the reply, and the 
public ceremonies were concluded. 

The result of the conference was that the Indians re- 
leased to the Commonwealth all above the territory of 



thirty miles on the river before released, excepting the 
islands in the river and four townships six miles square, 
two contiguous to that territory and two on each side 
of the Penobscot River near the mouth of the Matta- 
wamkeag, which were to remain to the tiibe for occupa- 
tion forever. The consideration for the release was that 
the Indians should have for a camping ground two acres 
of land in Brewer, opposite Kenduskeag Point: the em- 
ployment of a suitable person to teach them husbandry; 
the repair of their church at Oldtown; the delivery at 
that place in October, yearly, of five hundred bushels of 
corn, fifteen barrels of flour, seven barrels of clear pork, 
one hogshead of molasses, one hundred yards of broad- 
cloth — blue and red — fifty blankets, one hundred pounds 
of gunpowder, four hundred pounds of shot, one hun- 
dred and fifty pounds of tobacco, six boxes of chocolate, 
and $50 in silver. 

At the time of the execution of the deed, Mr. Rob- 
bms had some difficulty in getting it acknowledged, 
owing to the ignorance of the Indians. After they had 
made their signatures he asked them the usual question, 
"Do you acknowledge this to be your free act and deed?" 
They made no reply, but assumed an expression of im- 
perturbable gravity. He repeated the question, and the 
expression became intensified. General Blake saw the 
diflSculty at once, and turning to Mr. Robbins, said: 
"Oh, you don't understand them, let me try." Then 
taking the deed in his hand and turning to the Governor 
he said : 

"You willing — and all the rest of the Indians willing?" 

"Out!" was the prompt and emphatic reply. 

The business being happily concluded, the Commis- 
sioner presented the tribe with a six-pounder canripn, a 
swivel, a box of pipes, fifty knives, six brass kettles, two 
hundred yards of calico, two drums, four fifes, and three 
hundred yards of ribbon. The transaction was ratified 
by the Government February 20, 1819; and the Gov- 
ernment appropriated the annual sum of three hundred 
dollars for a religious teacher. 

On St. John's Day Mr. William Thompson, who lived 
at the head of the tide, had a little surprise for the Free 
Masons, Commissioners, and the rest. He brought into 
market green peas from his garden, a gustable rarity that 
was not in the Boston market until five days afterward. 
Whether the Free Masons and Commissioners, or other 
persons, enjoyed them, is not remembered. 

Information reached Bangoi tliat on June 30 the 
British surrendered Eastport to the United States, and 
removed their troops to St. Andrews. General Miller, 
for the United States, and Colonel Sargent, for the State, 
received possession. The American flag was again 
hoisted and greeted by a national salute. Lieutenant 
Merchant, with American troops, took possession of the 
fort, and Mr. Stephen Thacher, Collector, reopened the 
Custom-house. There was great rejoicing among the 
inhabitants. When the British troops embarked they 
gave three cheers, accompanied by Yankee Doodle. 

This year, under a law of the Commonwealth, Messrs. 
Edward Robbins, of Milton ; Lathrop Lewis, of Gorham; 
and Joseph Lee, of Bucksport, were apiiointed "Com- 



58= 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



missioners of the Land Office." The Commissioners 
had the oversight and management of the State's lands 
in Maine, and made arrangements for the laying out and 
making roads, quieting settlers, and for exploring and sur- 
veying. 'I'hey met at Bangor and adopted measures to 
be carried out under their commission, and employed 
General Irish, who commenced on June 27 to survey 
the front lots of the lands purchased of the Indians, on 
the east side of the river. They looked out a line for a 
road from Eddington to the mouth of the Passadumkeag, 
to connect with a road which was commenced there the 
year previous, directed towards the northeast boundary. 
They employed Andrew Strong to survey Townships One 
and Four into hundred-acre lots ; and taking with them 
Joseph Treat as surveyor, Messrs. Lewis and Lee went 
up the river for the purpose of locating the four town- 
ships reserved by tlie Indians and of exploring the West 
Branch to its source. 

These Commissioners were men who had held offices 
of trust and had the confidence of the people. Mr. 
Robbins had been Speaker ten years and Lieutenant- 
Governor five years, and at this time was Judge of Pro- 
bate of the county of Norfolk ; Colonel Lewis had been 
a member of the Senate, and was now Surveyor-General 
of the public lands, and Colonel Lee had been for sev- 
eral years a member of the House. 

The surveyor, Mr. Strong, was a great wag, and many 

anecdotes are related of him. In the fall of 1S26, one 

of his neighbors, an independent farmer, raised the frame 

of a large barn. Being economical as well as independent, 

he braved the sentiment of the barn-raisers of that day, 

who were accustomed to New England rum, and raised 

the frame on home-brewed beer, under the pretense that 

his temperance principles would not permit him to offer 

anything stronger. His neighbors were satisfied that 

niggardliness rather than temperance controlled his 

action, and they fixed on Strong, who entertained the 

same belief, to christen the frame, as the custom was. 

He did not decline, but taking the bottle and mounting 

the ridge-pole, he dashed off these words, and wound up 

with dashing the botlle: 

Here is .1 fine frame raised on a t:nolI, 
I-*ut up by a poor, stingy old soul. 
Tlie work is good, Ihe frame complete. 
Raised without Rum, good men to cheat. 
The Scripture says — pray think of that — 
The liberal soul shall be made fat. 
But deacon's souls are always lean 
As soles of Slag, and twice as mean. 
I don't much like this pious shaving. 
Where pious self gets all the saving. 
It seems so odd and devilish queer 
To raise a barn on sloppy beer; 
.^nd such mean conduct can't be right, — 
Therefore we'll call it Hell's Delight ! 

Once an old friend, whom he had not seen for years, 
arrived at his house after the supper hour. Finding that 
he had not been to supper Mr. Strong had some provided, 
and sat down with him at the table. The quantity of 
butter not being u)} to his ideas of hospitality, he in- 
quired of Mrs. Strong (who did the marketing) what 
price she sold her butter for when in Bangor. She re- 
plied at fourteen cents a pound. Taking some pennies 



from his pocket and handing them to her, he said, "Mrs. 
Strong, we will have two cents' worth more of your butter, 
if you please! " 

He becaaie blind in his old age, and called in Dr. 
McKeese, in whom he had great confidence, for his 
opinion. After a thorough examination the doctor was 
obliged to tell him that he could give him no encourage- 
ment that he would ever recover his sight. He in- 
stantly replied: "I am glad of that — I have seen as 
much as I want to of this world." 

An effort was made to erect a building for the Young 
Ladies' Academy. Mr. Williamson had interested him- 
self much in this institution, which had recently been in- 
corporated, and as Secretary called a meeting of the 
Trustees, to be held on August 21st, to determine in re- 
gard to raising funds and erecting a building. The Trus- 
tees were Messrs. Loomis (who was President), Button, 
Williams, Perham, McGaw, Carr, Barker, Bent, Patten, 
Williamson, Leavitt, and Dr. Dickinson. It was con- 
cluded to go on with the project, and Mr. Leavitt dug 
the clay for the purpose of manufacturing one hundred 
thousand bricks for the purpose. The school was com- 
menced in the hall of Mr. Leavitt's brick building on 
the "Point." It was afterward removed to a one-story 
frame building that stood on Columbia street, seventy or 
eighty feet from Hammond street. It was a valuable 
school, and continued in operation for several years. The 
preceptors were Willard, Baldwin, Brewer, Coburn, 
Quimby, all learned and able teachers. Mr. Willard 
afterward became Judge W'illard, of Troy, New York. 
Mr. Brewer was afterward a missionary among the In- 
dians at Oldiown, and then in Beirout, Syria. He returned 
and afterward resided in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, un- 
til his death in November, 1872, at the age of seventy- 
eight. He was a man of great kindness of heart, and 
lived to do good. Mr. Quimby devoted much time to 
chemistry and natural philosophy. After leaving the 
Academy he taught one or more of the public schools in 
Bangor. He then went to New York, where he devoted 
himself to perfecting and manufacturing the lightning- 
rod. His business was quite extensive. During the 
first years of the existence of the school much interest 
was manifested in it, but after the decease of Mr. Loomis 
it began to flag, and somewhere about 1830 the Bangor 
Young Ladies' Academy was a thing of the past. There 
are many men and women of high position in society 
now living, who look back upon the days they spent in 
that school with great satisfaction. 

There had been much military ardor among ambitious 
patriots in Bangor even after the Revolution; but the 
rank and file, who got neither honor nor profit from 
carrying a gun and marching after a drum and fife all 
day, took no especial pains to recollect the manual ex- 
ercise from one training to another — there being for the 
militia usually two trainings in a year. The young men, 
however, were quite ready to turn out to musters in the 
autumn, w^hen all the men, women, and children of the 
country came for miles to see the show, to eat ginger- 
bread and pumpkin pie, and peradventure to dance a 
little to the tune of some old fiddler or fifer. They 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE'. 



583 



were willing to endure all the fatigue for the fun they 
were sure to get out of the thing. 

Such-bccasions were the delight of the officers. They 
imagined, perhaps, that they were doing much for the 
country, that its future salvation would be due to their 
skill and to their labors in imparting military knowledge, 
courage, and patriotism to men who cared nothing about 
it. The display of these qualities by tlie warriors at 
Hampden, in the unfortunate affair there, was not calcu- 
lated to encourage them that military training like that of 
the past would be of essential service, and when the 
smoke of it had cleared away and they had fully con- 
sidered the matter, they felt that the military education 
of the people must be entered upon with new zeal, and 
stringent laws, thorough organization, drill, and disci- 
pline, under their own efficient supervision, would render 
them competent to repel the most determined invad- 
ers, if any should dare to make another attempt against 
the Republic. Then they had an opportunity to show 
their epaulette^ ! 

The "Hampden Battle' was referred to by the officers 
in their address at regimental musters, to stir up the 
patriotism of the soldiers. At one of these musters Col- 
onel Trafton adverted to it,and, after tendering his acknowl- 
edgments to his men for their good conduct during the 
day, he recommended to them to carry to their several 
homes the idea that "on them rested the responsibility 
of raising the Penobscot militia from its present unfortu- 
nate degradation.'' 

Cieneral Blake had been appointed Majoi-General of 
the Tenth Division of Massachusetts Militia, but in 1818 
he had resigned, and General Jedidiah Herrick, of 
Hampden, had been appointed Major-General. Colonel 
Trafton had been appointed Brigadier-General; Col- 
onel Isaac Hodsdon, of Corinth, and Major Joseph 
Treat, of Bangor, were active officers. 

It was announced in .August that the Commander- 
in-chief, Governor John Brooks, would review the 
troops of this Division, and the military enthusiasm 
of the officers was thoroughly awakened. The Third, 
Fourth, and Fifth Regiments of the First Brigade 
were ordered to meet at Bangor for review and 
inspection on the 21st of September. Brigadier Gen- 
eral Trafton being absent, the command devolved on 
Colonel Isaac Hodsdon, as the senior Colonel. The 
enthusiasm with which this officer entered upon his duties, 
communicated itself to the people throughout the limits 
of the Division, and all made preparations to witness the 
great military exhibition. The information was pro- 
mulgated by him that in this parade there would be 
"thirty companies and one hundred and twenty com- 
missioned officers under arms." And then he said the 
motives which would " operate to bring these troops and 
a vast many spectators together" were: "The military 
ardor of our militia in this section of the Commonwealth. 
Our commissioned officers are generally young, but anx- 
ious to excel, respectful in appearance, and meritorious 
in character. Our soldiers are freemen of the Republic, 
the yeomanry and mechanics of our country — men of 
sober lives and correct habits, and emphatically the sons 



of enterprise." He referred to the patriotism and 
valor of "our fathers" between 1660 and 1760, 
their vast and repeated sacrifices of life and sub- 
stance in resistance of savage inroads and invasions, 
and to what they had done in repelling the at- 
tacks of the mother country, and then came this 
appeal: "No one of their worthy descendants can prob- 
ably be found who would utter an excuse for non-attend- 
ance because of cost or toil. The voice of your fathers' 
example forbids; the glowing feelings of patriotism for- 
bid — nay, military ardor exclaims, Met no excuse he 
named.' Come, show your Captain-General that some 
scenes and events in this quarter during the late war are 
a sheer libel on the Penobscot name, and on the military 
and public spirit of our citizens." 

Then to meet the Conimander-in-chief was urged as 
richly worthy the attention of all, more especially the 
soldiery. It was a very favorable time for the interview. 
It was a popular affair. Every one who was exempt from 
bearing arms expressed a determination to attend; and 
finally, such an occasion "seldom happens; it may never 
occur again during our lives." These arguments elabor- 
ated were sent through the country until it was thorough- 
ly aroused to the importance of seeing the General, the 
gaily dressed officers, the crowds of soldiery and citizens, 
and of hearing the noise of drums and guns and the up- 
roar of an excited crowd. 

The day fixed for the great occasion was Monday. 
The Governor, with .\djutant General Sumner and Colo- 
nel Swett, were met at Dixmont at 1 o'clock on Saturday, 
the 19th, by the High Sheriff and county officers of Pe- 
nobscot, and escorted to Townsliip No. 2, where a num- 
ber of gentlemen from Hampden joined the escort and 
conducted them to that place. There a dinner was pro- 
vided and partaken of at the house of David Vose. At 
5 o'clock a committee of arrangements and gentlemen 
from Bangor escorted his Excellency to that town. His 
arrival was announced by a salute from Captain Fitts's 
artillery, and in the evening many officers and gentlemen 
paid their respects to him. On Sunday his Excellency 
attended Mr. Loomis's meeting. Mr. Leavitt has this 
minute in his journal : "Went to meeting. Of my fam- 
ily, all my children, viz : seven sons and two daughters 
— their mother, being sick, did not attend. The Gov- 
ernor sat in my pew ! " 

It may be supposed that, with the expectation of such 
an unusual military display on Monday, there could not 
be much quiet on Sunday. Tythingmen were impotent 
on that day, for unavoidably the clans must be gathering. 

On Monday morning a scene such as was never before 
upon the banks of the Penobscot, was witnessed in Ban- 
gor. In the extensive field formerly of Thomas How- 
ard, stretching from the road to the wood, were the long 
columns of the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Regiments. 
The people had gathered and were gathering from all 
quarters. Drums were beating, horses were prancing, 
banners were waving, and the tumult and excitement of 
the crowd were immense. 

The troops were facing the east, and conspicuous on 
the right were Captain Fitts's .Artillery, of Bangor, and 



584 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



Captain William H. Reed's Light Infantry, of Hampden, 
in their gay uniforms. Then there were Captains Ste- 
phen Ide and Elijah P. Pike, of Frankfort ; Alden Nick- 
erson, of Orrington ; Joshua Howes, of Bucksport ; Allen 
Rogers, of Hampden ; Ezra Thistle, of Monroe ; Row- 
land Tyler, of Dixmont ; Jeremiah Simpson, of Hamp- 
den ; Jacob Cowan, of Hermon ; and Samuel Homer, 
with their companies, and twenty-two subalteins, all of 
the Third Regiment, and under Colonel Rufus Gilmore, 
of Newburg ; Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Butman, of 
Dixmont; Major John Emery, Jr., and Adjutant Daniel 
Emery, of Hampden. 

Next were Cainains Andrew Hasey, of Bangor; Jacob 
Holyoke, William Copeland, Brewer; John Frees, Orono; 
Wright Stockwell, Eddington; John Buttertield, Sunk- 
haze, with their companies, all under Colonel Solomon 
Blake, of Brewer; Lieutenant-Colonel Lynde Valentine, 
Bangor ; Major Eben Webster, Orono ; Adjutant 
Thomas Treadwell, Brewer; Quartermaster Robert 
Harvey, BangorjChaplain Rev. Thomas Williams, Brewer; 
Surgeon Dr. Hosea Rich, Bangor. 

Next were Captains Samuel Chamberlain, Foxcroft; 
David Laken, Stetson; Philip Greely, Garland; Levi 
Bradley, New Chaileston; Ira Sheperdson, Exeter; Rob- 
ert Carlton, Sangerville; William Stevens, Guilford; 
Luther Turner, No. 2; Isaac Smith, Dexter; John Shaw, 
Sebec; John Hunting, Corinth, with their companies, 
and twenty-two subalterns. 

With the artillery were Captain Roswell Fitts, of Ed- 
dington; First Lieutenant George W. Brown, of Bangor; 
Second Lieutenant John Williams, of Bangor — all under 
Major David J. Bent, Adjutant Levi Crane, and Quarter- 
master Timothy Crosby, of Bangor. 

With a company of cavalry w-ere Captain Elisha 
Grant, of Hampden; First Lieutenant John Reynolds 
and Second Lieutenant Simon B. Harriman, of Bangor; 
and Cornet Lewis Barker — all under Major Jonathan 
Haskins, Adjutant Robert Haskins, and Quartermaster 
Joshua Lane, of Hampden. This company performed 
escort duty, and when it appeared, all eyes were strained 
to catch a glimpse of the distinguished visitor. 

Captain Fitts's artillery announced, when he had 
reached the field, the arrival of his Excellency, John 
Brooks, Ca|)tain-General, and his suite: Major-General 
Jedidiah Herrick; Major William R. Ware, his aid-de- 
camp; Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Blake, Division Quar- 
termaster; .Acting Brigadier-General Isaac Hodsdon, 
Colonel Commanding; Captain Joshua Wingate Carr, 
Aid (to Brigadier-General Trafton, absent); Brigade Ma- 
jor Joseph Treat; Major Royal Clark, Brigade Quarter- 
master. 

The Ca])tain-General immediately proceeded to re- 
view the troops. After the review a hollow square was 
formed, and the chaplain (Williams) prayed. 

When the officers had been presented to the Captain- 
General, a line was formed, and, under Colonel Hods- 
don, the troops performed various evolutions very satis- 
factorily. After witnessing them and listening to the en- 
thusiastic drumming and fifing, and bugle-playing of the 
musicians, the volleys of musketry, the booming of can- 



non, and the shouts of the excited multitude, his Excel- 
lency, having been "pleased to express his highest ap- 
probation," retired. No review of this brigade ever 
equalled this in splendor or in the good conduct of the.|| 
troops. 

After the review, the Governor, with the General and j 
aids, the brigade staff, and fifty or sixty gentlemen of J 
"the first lespectability," were entertained by a feast atl 
Mrs. Hatch's Inn. 

In the afternoon the (jovernor, with aids, crossed the 
river. On landing he was addressed by Mr. Leonard, 
Chairman of the Selectmen of Brewer, and replied. He 
then proceeded to Bucksport and Castine, reviewed the 
First Regiment of Infantry, and, accompanied by Gen- 
eral Herrick and aids, visited the tort, partook of a 
dinner at Lukemer's, by invitation of Messrs. Abbot, 
Hook, Little, and Adams, then embarked for Belfast, 
where he reviewed the Second Regiment, after which, 
and the customary feast, he went to Thomaston and re- 
viewed a regiment in Major-General King^s division. 

The Hancock and Penobscot Bible Society met on 
the 24th October, and after a sermon by Rev. Jona. 
Fisher, of Bluehill, took up a contribution. Much inter- 
est was felt ill the distribution of the Bible. William 
Abbot, of Castine, was made President ; Samuel E. 
Dutton, of Bangor, Vice-President; Rev. Mighill Blood, 
of Bucksport, Corresponding Secretary; Daniel Pike, of 
Bangor, Recording Secretary; Josiah Hook, Jr., Castine, 
Treasurer. A Board of fourteen Trustees was established, 
and eighteen agents were appointed in the counties. 
Felicity Lodge of F'ree Masons, in Bucksport, appropri- 
ated one-fifth of their fees for aiding the translating the 
Bible in the Asiatic languages I 

The Lieutenant-Governor, two colonels, ten captains, 
and seven men of no rank, of the Penobscot tribe of In- 
dians, declared that all future contracts made by any 
member of the tribe for the sale of timber would be void, 
and contracts made by John Blake, agent of the tribe, 
only would be respected. 

A schism occurred in the Republican (Democratic) 
party in this Congressional District in regard to a mem- 
ber of Congress. Colonel Gabriel Jehonnot,* of Hamp- 

a 

*This man, although a Republican, was an aristocrat in his feelings 
and manners. It is said that he lost his French wife, by whom lie had 
an only son and child, in Boston, who went to the West Indies as a 
companion of John Quincy Adams ; that he married a second wife in 
Boston,^ and lived in such style that his fortune vanished, and that one 
morning after he had given a great entertainment the night before he 
removed to Hampden, where he took a little cottage which he occupied 
imtil he died. The farmers in his neighborhood at Hampden he con- 
sidered and treated rather as serfs than as fellow-citizens, and was hated 
by them. When his wife called upon her friends her maid followed her 
at a respectful distance, after the fashion with ladies of quality in France. ■ 
This maid was called by the people " Polly Johnno." The Colonel was 
a Free Mason, and was instrumental in establishing the " Rising Virtue 
Lodge," the first Masonic lodge in Bangor. His handwriting was very 
beautiful. Specimens of it may be seen in the records of that lodge. 
He became very much pinched in his means, and being an infidel, did 
not hesitate to express his sentiments in blasphemous terms if vexed. 
On one occasion his hay was frequently wet by showers in the making, 
and his neighbors would render him no assistance. In his e.xtremity he 
sent to Simeon Stetson, Esq., for his team and help to get in his hay. 
They came, and while he was for the last time cocking the hay, which 
had been cocked and spread and wet much to its mjury before, a shower 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



S8S 



den, President of a convention held at Bucksport, Sep- 
tember 30th, published a circular saying that Hon. Martin 
Kinsley was nominated by a large majority as a candidate 
for Representative to Congress. "One of the Minority" 
published a circular declaring that that nomination would 
not have been made had there been a full representation 
of the Republicans of that district, that Leonard Jarvis, 
who at the first ballot had fifteen votes to Kinsley's ten, 
would doubtless have been their choice; that the District, 
though decidedly Republican, was represented by John 
Wilson, a Federalist, therefore it was impolitic to nomi- 
nate a candidate whom the people would not support. 

Much controversy grew out of this nomination. Jar- 
vis was a young man; had just arrived from France; was 
scarcely known in the district: had been little or none in 
the employment of the public; was ambitious and very per- 
sistent, and had an influential family connection. On the 
Dther hand, Kinsley was a "good, respectable citizen," 
a firm Republican, and faithful to his country and con- 
stituents, and always a candidate for some office. The vote 
by which he was nominated was 23 to 11 for Jarvis. Mr. 
Jarvis, however, would not stand aside. It is alleged that he 
was brought forward by his brother, and his brother, who 
was as remarkable for persistency as himself, saw to it 
Lhat he received a large portion ot the votes of Hancock 
county, and that Mr. Kinsley was defeated. The East- 
ern .\rgus advocated the election of Mr. Jarvis and was 
thought to intermeddle with matters out of its province 
by the friends of Kinsley, and by the Federalists in Mr. 
Kinsley's district also. The votes of the district were : 
for Kinsley 616, for Wilson 411, for Jarvis 340, scatter- 
ing 57. The first Monday in April was designated for 
mother balloting. .A committee of Republicans, con- 
sisting of Benjamin Butman, Benjamin Nourse, Daniel 
Sreely, Isaac Hodsdon, and Ezekiel Chase, appointed by 
ihe General Convention, reported that Mr. Kinsley lacked 
but ninety-seven votes of an election, and suggested that 
icattcring votes would be worse than thrown away; that 
Mr. Jarvis was a stranger — had resided many years in 
France and other parts of Europe, and had but recently 
;aken up his residence in the district; and that they had 
long known Judge Kinsley as "a respectable merchant 
ind agriculturist, and also as a member of the various 

;ame up suddenly. Jehonnot threw down his implement, .-jnd, raising 
lis hands, uttered such blasphemous expressions as made the bystanders 
ihudder. He was a Justice of the Peace, and did a pettifogging busi- 
less, and there being no lawyer in his vicinity he did considerable. 
\fter Mr. Godfrey established himself- in Hampden. Jehonnat brought 
i suit before Mr. Stetson, who was a magistrate. Mr. (lOdfiey ap- 
peared for the defendant and filed a special plea. Jehonnot said that 
h^ did not know anything about that. Mr. Stetson said that he must 
inswer it l>efore he could go on. He said he couldn't; and giving vent 
10 a violent oath, threw his papers upon the table and said that the d—d 
:ase might take care of itself, and he would have no more to do with 
sucli things. Towards the latter part of his life he became extremely 
reduced in circumstances. His wife was dead. He was alone; and, 
being ill, Mr. Stetson took him into his house and cared for him. Rev. 
Robert Page, a missionary, supposing he was about to die, called to 
see him. with the idea that he might be of service in a religious point of 
view. Jehonnot for a long time refused to see him. .'\t length Mrs. 
Stetson prevailed upon him to admit the visitor. Coloneljelionnot was 
very courteous — had a social glass with the minister, and kept up such 
a constant conversation that Mr. Page could not say a word to him 
about his soul. He died at the age of eighty-one. 
74 



branches of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial De- 
partments of the Government." 

.\t the meeting in .\pril Mr. Kinsley was in fact 
elected, but owing to informality in the. returns of several 
of the towns whose votes were rejected, a new balloting 
was ordered on July 20th. Mr. Kinsley was again 
elected. At the November meeting Bangor gave Kins- 
ley 35 votes, Wiilson 20, Jarvis 2; Hampden gave Kins- 
ley 60 votes, \\'ilson 10 : Orrington gave Kinsley 25 
votes, Wilson i, Jarvis i. At the April meeting Bangor 
gave Kinsley 45 votes; Wilson 20, Jarvis 23 ; Hampden 
gave Kinsley 86 votes, Wilson 21 ; Orrington gave Kins- 
ley all, 53 votes. At the .A.pril meeting Bangor gave 
Kinsley 34, Wilson ry, scattering 6; Hampden gave 
Kinsley 41, Wilson 7 ; Orrington gave Kinsley 33, scat-. 
tering 16. 

On October 22, 181S, Mr. Levi Cram opened a large 
variety store and, by dint of enterprise and advertising, 
obtained a large custom. Mr. Nathaniel Harlow, Jr., 
opened a variety and book-store. Daniel Pike opened a 
book-siore. 

Benjamin Bussey, Esq., of Ro.xbury, in November 
offered for sale forty thousand acres of settling land in 
Bangor, Hermon, and Newburg. That in Bangor and 
Hampden lay in the westerly ))art of those towns, between 
the Kenduskeag and Sowadabscook Streams. 

Mr. Daniel Pike, Mr. Daniel Kimball, of Bangor, Mr. 
Henry Little, then of Bucksport, and Miss Rhoda Shed, 
of Billerica, took passage in the lumber schooner Han- 
cock, from Penobscot for Boston. On the 29th the ves- 
sel was wrecked off Cape .Ann in a northwesterly gale. 
The sea broke constantly over the vessel and swept off 
almost everything excepting the passengers and ship's 
company. These secured themselves upon the wreck, 
where they remained without food for sixty hours. 
They were at length rescued by Captain Lowry, of the 
schooner Hannah Jane. A brig went to the assistance 
of the Hancock immediately after the disaster, but the 
violence of the storm was such that it could do nothing, 
and night coining she was obliged to leave the unfortu- 
nate people to their fate. They were barely saved with 
only the clothing they had upon them. 

The first snow fell on the 18th and 19th of November 
this year, but soon disappeared. December 8th the 
ground was free from snow. On the 9th sleighs were 
running. The river closed permanently on December 10. 

Mr. Clement Bunker, a wag, gave notice from Bangor 
gaol that he would pay a fourth part of his debts or de- 
liver all his property, excepting his furniture, to his credi- 
tors to be discharged from debt. It was this same 
"Clem Bunker," who, on being asked whose horse that 
was, replied: "If you want to attach it, it is old Jemer- 
son's [or some other person's]; if you want to buy it, it is 
mine." 

This year, several events of painful interest occurred. 
The cold in the winter was intense. February was one 
of the coldest months for forty years. The ice formed 
in the Bay so that there was passing upon it from Castine 
to Long Island, and to the opposite shore: also among 
the Fox Islands. 



S86 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Rev. Mr. Loomis had a severe fever, by which he was 
confined to his bed for weeks. At one time he was 
thought by his physician to be dying. Rev. Mr. Williams 
entered an evening meeting of Mr. Loomis's church at 
the time, announced his death, and suggested that the 
evening be devoted to prayers. Deacon Adams after- 
wards said that twelve prayers were offered, and in no 
one instance was there a request that his life might be 
spared; when before that had been the burden of prayer. 
After the meeting he with others went to his house, and, 
to their surprise, "found the doors all open from the 
street to his chamber — which was the house wheie the 
first Sabbath-school collected in Bangor — the curtains re- 
moved from his bed, though a cold winter's night. He 
.had revived; his reason was restored; he had been bol- 
stered upon his bed, and preaching the gospel to those 
who had gathered around him."* 

There was much sickness in the year and several 
deaths. 

Information reached the town that Mr. James Carr, a 
former resident of the town, who had gone into the 
Western States two years before, was drowned in the 
Ohio River from a boat in which he and his family had 
taken passage for Mississippi, where he intended to re- 
side, while endeavoring to save his daughter, who had ac- 
cidentally fallen overboard. 

Some speculation in wild lands was attempted this year 
by Penobscot men. Judge Kinsley, General Herrick, 
Colonel Gilmore, Francis Carr, John Wilkins, Amos Pat- 
ten, Moses Patten, John Barker, William D. Williamson, 
and Joseph Leavitt, obtained a title to about twenty 
thousand acres in different proportions. 



* Adams' Autol)iography, 64. 



CHAPTER XII. 

Confidence Reviving — James Banlett -Ploughing in January^Asylum 
for the Indolent — ."Annual Meeting — Hearse Committee — Si.\th 
School District — Poor-house— William Emerson Elected Represen- 
tative — Committee .•\ppointed to have Maine made an Independent 
State — York Street — Mr. Zadocli Davis — Objection to Separation — 
Kine-pocl< — Rev. Elijah R. Sabine — Ohio Emigrants — Ham and 
Bean — Comet — Court-liouse— Corporation Organized — Theological 
Seminary — New Regiment — Delegates to Constitutional Convention 
— Daniel Pike's Goods — Constitutional Convention — Debate on 
Name of the State — Powder House — Hatter — 'Williani .-Mien, Presi- 
dent of Bowdoin College. 

1819. People this year had increasing confidence in the 
resources and capabilities of .Maine. Reports of successful 
farming were frequently made, and families who, under 
the discouragements of the calamities consequent upon 
the troubles with England and of the cold season of 
1815 and 1816, had emigrated to Ohio, had met with 
greater discouragements from fever and ague there and 
were returning. They became satisfied that unpleasant 



things exist in all climates and everywhere, and that a 
man must labor to live in all places, and that a stern 
climate, although it compelled to great exertion, yet there 
was compensation in a more vigorous and intelligent 
manhood. 

Occasionally the death of a prominent man in Bangor 
would throw a gloom over the little community. On 
January 9th Mr. James Bartlett, a merchant, who had 
come to Bangor from New Hampshire about the time 
Mr. Leavitt came, had been connected with him by mar- 
riage and in business, and had been an officer in the 
town, died at the age of thirty-two. He was highly re- 
spected, but his business had not proved so fortunate as 
he had anticipated. Alfred Veazie, Esq., late President 
of the Veazie National Bank, was his grandson. 

Mr. Charles Rice received the appointment of Post- 
master in Brewer. 

In February swine were troublesome to the citizens, , 
and hog constables were reminded that their position was 
no sinecure. 

The weather this month was remarkably mild. In 
some places the ground was perfectly free of frost. Mr. 
Stilman Kent, of Orrington, ploughed his ground on the 
loth and sowed a peck of peas on the ne.xt day. It was 
predicted that if the weather continued as warm as it 
had been until the iSth through the month, that Mr. 
Kent would have green peas in March. 

There were indolent as well as poor people in Bangor 
at this time, and it was proposed that the town, at its 
next annual meeting, consider the subject of erecting a; 
house for them. 

A large convention of gentlemen from Maine was held /| 
in the Senate Chamber in Boston, on February 2d, to 
consider the subject of separating Maine from Massa- 
chusetts. William King was President and William D. 
Williamson Secretary. A standing committee of two 
from each of the new counties of Maine was appointed. 
Those for Penobscot were ^Villiam D. ^Villiamson and 
Robert Parker. 

The annual meeting was held March 8th. Thomas 
Cobb was chosen Town Clerk; .\llen Gilman, Royal 
Clark, and Wiggins Hill were chosen Selectmen and As- 
sessors; Harvey Loomis, Allen Gilman, and Hosea Rich, 
Superintending School Committee; William Emerson was 
elected Town Treasurer, and William D. Williamson 
Town Agent; $1,150 were raised for highways; $1,200 for 
schools; $400 for the Bridge Company; $600 for the 
poor; $810 for Mr. Loomis's salary and for collecting it. 
The collecting of the salary was put up at auction and 
bid off by Samuel E. Dutton. The collecting of th 
town taxes was bid off by Francis Carr. 

On April 5 John Brooks received 67 votes for GovtJ 
ernor, and Benjarnin Crowningshield 46 votes; Williarfl 
D. Williamson received 65 votes for Senator, and Jacob 
McGaw 48; John Wilson received 30 votes for Repre- 
sentative to Congress, Martin Kinsley 45; Leonard Jar- 
vis, 23; Jacob McGaw, 2; John Wilkins received 73 
votes for County Treasurer. 

At a meeting Daniel Pike, Robert Parker, and Ale; 
ander Savage were made a committee to procure a hears 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



587 



to fence the burial-ground, and to build a sufficient 
pound, and $100 were raised for the purpose. The sixth 
schocl district was estabHshed from Lot 78, on the old 
Levant road, to the Hernion and Glenburn lines; and 
the town was authorized to borrow $500 at not exceeding 
six per cent interest. .-Xt the adjournment of this nieet- 
, ing Jacob McGaw, William I ). Williamson, and .Allen 
Oilman were appointed a committee to inquire into the 
expediency of hiring a building for the poor, and of ap- 
pointing a Superintendent thereof The same gentlemen 
reported a code of by-laws for the town, having pre- 
viously been appointed for the purpose, and it was 
adopted and established. 

On May 3 William Emerson was elected Representa- 
tive to the Legislature, having received sixty-two votes to 
Joseph Treat's fifty-four. The town instructed the Se- 
lectmen to petition the Legislature to consent that Maine 
be formed into an independent State. Eliashib Adams, 
Robeit Parker, and Jacob McGaw were appointed a 
committee "to take all necessary measures, at the ex- 
pense of the town, to obtain a general and effectual inoc- 
ulation of the inhabitants thereof with the kine-pox.'' 
Voted $120 to pay the expense. 

On June 2 York street, which had been run out be- 
tw^een Pine street and Newbury street, by Daniel Pike, 
was accepted; also the road wiiich has since been named 
Kenduskeag avenue for a distance of two miles from 
Harlow street bridge. 

On June 2^ the town wanted to raise $250 to rebmld 
the Harlow street bridge "in a durable and permanent 
manner, with anarch or water-course of stone." But on 
July 3 they voted to erect a wooden bridge, instead of 
one of stone and earth, provided Messrs. Burrill & 
Tilton would secure the payment of $100 towards the 
expense thereof 

On July 26 Jacob .McGaw had i vote for Represen- 
tative to Congress; John Wilson, 17; Martin Kinsley, 
34; William L). Williamson, 4; and David Perham. i. 
Eighty-nine votes were cast for the separation of Maine 
from Massachusetts, and 17 against it. 

Mr. Zadock Davis, with whom the reader has become 
somewhat acquainted, had a poetical propensity and a 
way of stirring up his customers, at the same tickling the 
lawyers, that told. Here is an instance of his enter- 
prise on March 11, 1819: 

.NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS. 

"This notice, or this Proclamation, 
-May meet with no one's approbation; 
.Although my warmest thanlis are tendered 
To such as have me service rendered; 
While those who have delinquent been 
Are much reprov-ed for their sin, 
.■\re cautioned now to moid their ways 
And pay uie up in THIRTY Days! 
.And there you'll find 'twill make a saving: 
You'll save what lawyers all are craving. 
You'll save the sheiiff's lawful ration, 
-And gain my hearty approbation." — Z.\DOCK DAVIS. 

The snow was so deep in March that the mails were 
interrupted and delayed for weeks, hi one time, for 
two weeks, not a paper of any description whatever was 
received at the office of the Register. 



I'he subject of the erecting Maine into an independent 
State was again discussed. The committee appointed at 
the Boston meeting put forth a circular, giving reasons 
for the separation ; one among others was this, that the 
new State would "become an inviting receptacle for 
emigration liither." The circular was satirized and rid- 
iculed. Time was wanted for consideration, when the 
subject had been before the people for thirty years I 
People were warned not to leap from the frying-pan, lest 
the fire should be their portion ; as if there could be a 
choice I But the sentiment in favor of separation was 
growing stronger. 

The Selectmen this year did not overlook the sug- 
gestion in regard to the " indolent." They gave notice 
of their intention to bind out a number of children from 
six to sixteen years of age, who were chargeable to the 
town, and others who were spending their time in idle- 
ness and vicious pursuits, and the parents of such chil- 
dren, who had no visible means of support, but lived idly 
and indulged themselves in habits of continued intem- 
perance, "unless such parents, by a change of conduct, 
rendered that measure unnecessary." 

Mr. Daniel Pike had provided a respectable quantity 
of books this year which he offered at Boston prices. 
But there was not sufficient demand for them to enable 
him to keep a book-store exclusively. Dry goods and 
groceries were a part of his stock in trade. 

The action of the town in regard to the kine-pock was 
'occasioned by the arrival of a vessel in the river with the 
small-pox on board, and of the prevalence of that disease 
in Belfast. No case existed in Bangor, and the com 
mittee appointed to procure the vaccination of the in- 
habitants attended to their duty so promptly that every 
person was vaccinated in one week, and all fear of the 
smallpox entering the tow'n allayed. The physicians 
and the people were indebted to Dr. Manly Hardy, of 
Bucksport, for genuine vaccine matter, which he dis- 
tributed without compensation. 

Rev. Elijah R. Sabine, a clergyman of the Methodist 
denomination, a native of Connecticut, whose residence 
was in Hampden, died at the age of forty-two, at Augus- 
ta, Georgia, in the summer of 1818. He possessed some 
literary ambition, and wrote a work called "Charles Ob- 
servator." He was highly esteemed. He was the father 
of Francis NL Sabine, Esq., of Bangor, and of Hon. 
Lorenzo Sabine, the author ol " The Loyalists," and 
other works. The following poem, from his pen, was 
published this year: 

CHRI.STIAN CONTE.NTMENT. 

Holy contentment, which our God commands. 

Is not a stupid dullness of the soul; 
It well consists with sympathy of friends, — 

It bids the tide of pure affection roll. 

It gives refinement to the human mind. 

And makes the feeling heart more feeling still; 
.Vnd by its God-like nature seems designed 

To fit the soul of all we see or feel. 

Tho' sad aflflictions be our lot beneath, 

It sees the hand of Providence in all; 
.And humbly bows, without a murmuring breath. 

Yields to its Sovereign and obeys his call. 



S88 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






That pride and unbelief, and Satan, too, 
Would keep our souls from such a useful grace; 

The world and peevish nature join the crew. 
To vex our spirits and destroy our peace. 

If we would baffle all their skill and power, 

And gain the price for which we should contend. ! 

We must believe the word of promise sure; j 

Gird on the armor and their power withstand. ', 

i 
Consider, too, our trials here are small 

Compared with others and what w'e deserve; 
And eke the promise, which declares that all 
Augment our bliss, and shall God's glory serve. 

Such faith and works the victory shall give. 
And peace in streams shall water all the soul ; 

And we a life of holiness shall live. 

And with the shout of victory reach our goal. 

Heaven, at last, shall be our endless rest. 
Angels our friends, and God our father be; 

And sainls shall join to shout redeeming grace. 
And glory give to the Eternal Three. 

And if we miss this happy frame of soul. 

Do lift our hearts against the King of Heaven, 

We must lament wliile endless ages roll, 
Without a hope that we can be forgiven. 

Let nothing hinder, then, the great pursuit 

Of seeking for this necessary grace, 
But gain the temper and bring forth the fruit. 

And stand prepared to quit the world in peace. 

James Brooks was re-elected Governor this year, by a 
majority of 6,704. The whole number of votes thrown 
in Massachusetts and Maine was 79,885. More than 
two-thirds of the votes were in favor of the separation, 
and the act of separation was passed by the Legislature. 

On June 17 Drs. Hosea Rich and Joshua P. Dickin- 
son gave notice that they had "carried the inocculation 
for the kine-pock to every house and every family," and 
that "the small-pox is not, and has not been, in this place 
or the immediate vicinity.'' 

The reports from Ohio emigrants, on the whole, con- 
tinued to be discouraging. Daniel Campbell, who had 
removed to Columbia, from Charleston, wrote on the 
23d of March that for three or four months in the 
year the mud and roads were so bad as to be almost im- 
passable. "The whole face of the country is like a hog- 
yard in a wet time. I should think, on a moderate cal- 
culation, twenty thousand souls emigrated into this State 
last year, and through it into the Western States. Mat- 
thew Hedges was here the other day, and said he be- 
lieved his wife had shed tears enough to grind a bushel 
of wet rye. If that be true I should think that there 
was enough among them to keep a mill a-going all the 
time." All the large bottoms were subject to inundation 
— the water rising sometimes sixty feet. On all the in- 
tervales and the large rivers it was rather sickly, and very 
sickly on the great prairies and fertile places in Illinois. 
"I cannot say but the laws of the country are good 
enough; but there doth not appear to be energy enough 
to execute them so far as to protect the innocent and 
condemn the guilty.'" 

Mr. John Ham and Mr. Newell Bean became partners 
in June, under the style of Ham & Bean. They kept 
those articles for sale, as well as "rum, brandy, Holland 
gin, and an assortment of wines and cordials." Mr. 



Ham many years afterward became a rigid temperance 
man, and made amends for any mischief he might have 
done in the sale of liquors, by sacrificing a portion of his: 
fortune in the purchase of the Franklin House for a tem- 
perance hotel. 

A comet made its appearance this summer. Its appar- 
ent size was that of a star of the first magnitude. The 
length of its train was more than twice the apparent 
diameter of the moon. Believers in the supernatural 
predicted another war. They had hardly recovered from 
the terror occasioned by the last war, and were in a 
frame of mind to predict anything. Certain elderly 
ladies of the more ignorant class were considerably dis- 
tressed. 

The anniversary of Independence was celebrated in 
Brewer by a parade of Captain Fitts's Bangor Artillery 
and a public dinner. There were the usual regular 
toasts, and this with other volunteer sentiments: 

"Separation: Maine has arrived at the age of man- 
hood and claims its freedom." Two guns. 

The Penobscot Court-hoKse Corporation, having been 
incorporated on June 12, 1819, a meeting for or- 
ganization was notified to be held on July 31. 

On the 7th of July the Theological Seminary was per- 
manently established in Bangor. 

This institution was incorporated by the Legislature ol 
Massachusetts in February, 1S14, at the instance of the 
Orthodox Congregationalists, under the name of "Maine 
Charity School." Rev. John Sawyer was very active in 
procuring its establishment. It was originally located in 
Hampden, and was designed to educate young men of 
proper capacity for the ministry, even though their pre- , 
liminaiy education had not been liberal. The war oper- 
ated to its prejudice, and on March 10, 1817, a meeting 
was held in Hampden to resuscitate it, and a society was 
organized to raise funds in its aid. Martin Kinsley was 
made President; Rev. Mighill Blood, Vice-President; 
John Godfrey, Treasurer, Jehudi Ashmun, Secretary, 
'i'he subscriptions were liberal beyond expectation, and 
agents were appointed further to increase its funds. 

On .August 20, 1819, the Trustees of the school pub- 
lished a circular, setting forth the place, purposes, and 
position of the institution, with a view to interest the 
public in its welfare. 

They said that as early as 1810 an association was 
formed in Portland denominated "The Society for The- 
ological Education," designed to aid intelligent young 
men in procuring an education for the gospel ministry, 
and having in view the supply of the new settlements ; 
that in February, 1812, it obtained a charter; that a Lit- 
; erary and Theological Seminary was essential to its suc- 
cess; that they ap])ointed a committee who obtained a 
charter of a distinct corporation entitled "Trustees of 
the Maine Charity School;" with fifteen Trustees— John 
Sawyer, Harvey Loomis, Samuel E. Dutton, and Eliashib 
Adams, of Bangor ; Kiah Bailey, Newcastle ; Eliphalet 
Gillet, Hallowell; William Jenks, Bath; Mighill Blood, 
Bucksport ; David Thurston, Winthrop ; Jona. Fisher, 
Bluehill; Daniel Lovejoy, Fairfax; Edward Payson, 
' Portland ; Thomas Williams, Brewer ; David M. Mitch- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK 



589 



ell, Waldoboro ; Amiiii R. Mitchell, Norlli \ariiiouth ; 
that the trustees organized May 5, 18 14, and that the 
school went into o])eration under Mr. Jehudi Ashniun 
as Principal, who continued as such until November, 
1817, when it contained eleven theological students. 
The literary department of this school during the time 
was in connection with the Hampden Academy. 

At this date the friends of the school were enabled to 
admit a greater number of scholars and to provide for 
every department of instruction. Therefore the trestees 
elected Rev. Abijah Wines, M. A., late of Newport, New 
Hampshire, Professor of Theology ; Jehudi .\shmun, B. 
A., Professor of Classical Literature ; Ebenezer Cheever, 
B. A., was placed in the academic branch. 

At this date (August 20, 1818,) there were under its 
tuition eight students from New Hampshire; six from 
Maine; three from Massachusetts; and two from Vei- 
mont, preparing for the ministiy. 

The resources of the seminary were a few thousand 
dollars subscribed by the Trustees mainly; less than 
$1,500 subscribed by ladies in the eastern part of New 
England, to endow one or more scholarships ; half of the 
funds of the society for theological education: the aid 
of the Maine Charity School Society, that had, besides 
direct members, under its patronage above thirty cent 
societies of ladies and gentlemen ; annual subscriptions; 
congregational collections ; the donations of benevolent 
individuals, and the avails of the missionary services 
of the instructors in the vicinity of the institution. 

On August 26, 1813, the Trustees voted to establish 
tiie institution permanently in that place which would give 
the best encouragement, and appointed Rev. Mighill 
Blood, Samuel E. Uutton, and Thomas Adams a com- 
mittee to receive propositions and to report on the first 
\\ednesday of July, 1819. Propositions came from 
Castine, Bucksport, Hampden, Brewer, and Bangor. 
The subscriptions were for Castine, $7,644; for Bucks- 
port, $6,200; Hampden, with the subscriptions for the 
county of Penobscot, $7,751; Brewer, with the san\» 
subscriptions, $8,468; Bangor, with same, $8,960. These 
subscriptions for the county of Penobscot, without ret'er- 
ence to town, were $5,168. The institution was accord- 
ingly located in Bangor. 

The season of 181 9 was remarkably favorable for agri- 
culturists. The appearance of the crops was more than 
usually encouraging. Mr. Jacob Chick, the keeper of 
the inn on Fish street, raised corn which was fit for the 
table on the 1 2th of .\ugust. 

During the absence of Brigadier-liencral I'lafton, on 
the petition of Major Henry Little and others, approved 
by Acting Brigadier-General. Colonel Hodsdon, the 
companies ot Deer Isle, Vinalhaven, Islesborough, Sedg- 
wick, and Brookville were detached from the First Regi- 
ment, First Brigade, Tenth Division, and formed into a 
new regiment called the Sixth. On his return, August 
1 ith, General Trafton resumed his command. 

On September 20th, the delegates to the Constitution- 
al Convention were chosen. Those from the county of 
Penobscot were Joseph Treat, Bangor; John Wilkins, 
Orrington; George Leonard, Brewer; Simeon Stetson, 



Hampden; Nathaniel Atkins, Exeter; Andrew Strong, 
Corinth ; Moses Hodsdon, Levant ; Daniel Wilkins, New 
Charlestown; Eleazer W. Snow, Atkinson; Samuel Cham 
berlain, Foxcroft; Amos Gordon, Garland; Samuel But 
man, Dixmont; Jackson Davis, Orono; Benjamin Shaw, 
Newport; Abel Ruggles, Carmel ; Cornelius Coolidge, 
Dexter. 

The annual meeting of the Hancock and Penobscot 
Bible Society was held at Belfast, October 5th, sermon by 
Mr. Nourse, of Ellsworth. The officers were William 
Abbot, President; Samuel E. Dutton, ^'ice-President; 
Josiah Hook, Jr., Treasurer: Rev. M. Blood, Corres- 
ponding Secretary; Daniel Pike, Recording Secretary. 

October 6. The Young Ladies' Academy was open 
to youth of both sexes. The Preceptor was Mr. Baldwin. 

Mr. Daniel Pike had a great variety of goods on sale 
this month — dry goods, boots and shoes, fifes and flutes, 
paper-hangings, combs, cognac brandy. Sketch of Mis- 
sions to the Heathen, Jamaica, St. Croix, and Windward 
Island rum, Preacher's Manual, Holland gin, Channing's 
Sermon. and Stuart's Reply, Port, S. M., and Lisbon 
win.e, fish, rice, teas, coffee, sugar, tobacco, etc. Most 
traders did likewise at that period. 

On October 11 the Convention assembled at Portland 
to prepare a Constitution for the new State. There was 
considerable discussion over the style and title. Mr. 
William Pitt Preble, from the committee on the name, 
rejaorted as its title the "Commonwealth of Maine." It 
was voted — 119 to 113 — to substitute "-Stale" for "Com- 
monwealth.'' Judge Cony, of Augusta, moved to substi- 
tute "Columbus'" for "Maine.'' A "Venetian manufact- 
urer of maps and charts" had forever defrauded the dis- 
coverer of America of the glory which was his due, and 
he desired to render him tardy justice by giving his name 
to the new community, and as on the i ith of October 
Columbus discovered signs of land, and on that day the 
Convention met to form a Constitution for the new State, 
it would be fitting to commemorate the day of the dis- 
covery by adopting the name of the discoverer. Judge 
Thacher, of Saco, said that it would be long before the 
State could be known as Columbus when it had been so 
long known as ^Laine, and the change would occasion 
much inconvenience to the commercial world, ('olum- 
bus was good; Maine was good; he liked both; but, 
under the circumstances, there should be no change. 
The Convention agreed with him. Then Mr. .\dams, of 
(iorham, wanted to reconsider the vote whereby "State" 
was adopted in preference to "Commonwealth." Judge 
Dana, of Fryeburg, thought there was "a degree of inef- 
ficiency in the association of two monosyllables," and 
that "CommonwenUh would add dignity to Maine." 
General Chandler, of Monmouth, said the term Com- 
monwealth was "more sonorous and respectable" than 
State. Judge Thacher did not think it 'of any great im- 
portance which was adopted. There was greater facility 
in writing and pronouncing State than Commonwealth. 
A slight difference was sufficient to turn the scale. Mr. 
Emery, of Portland, thought the "lexicographical defini- 
tions of the woid State relieved it of its want of digni- 
ty; he regarded the terms as nearly synonymous ; saw no 



59° 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



important advantage Commonwealth possessed in pomp 
and dignity over tlie simple and emphatic word State, so 
as to make him tremble at the alteration." Judge Bridge, 
of Augusta, thought the "style of Commonwealth best 
comported with the brevity of Maine, and corresponded 
to the slenderness of its sound." It was fortunate for 
the tongues and fingers of the men of this rapid age that 
the Convention had common sense enough to adopt the 
style of "State of Maine," rather than "Commonwealth 
of Columbus." The motion to reconsider was lost by a 
vote of yeas, loi; nays, 140. The Constitution was 
completed October 28, and the Convention adjourned to 
meet at Portland on the first Wednesday in January, 
1820. 

Mr. Wiggins Hill was appointed a conmiittee to build , 
a powder-house for the use of the town, under the direc- 
tion of the Selectmen. 

On December 6 the Constitution of the State was sub- I 
mitted to the people of the town for their ajiproval or 
disapproval. The votes for approval were 47 ; against, 4. 

Mr. Enoch Eaton opened a "new hatter's shop." He 
continued in the business many years. 

Rev. William .Mien, of Hanover, New Hampshire, 
late President of Dartmouth College, was elected Presi- 
dent of Bowdoin College, to supply the vacancy occa- 
sioned by the death of President .^ppleton. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

Professors Smilh and Fowler InaugurAted — .Annual .Vleeling — Vote for 
Governor — History of John Dods Bovee — [ackson Davis Elected 
Representative — William D. Willianison, .Senator — Votes for the 
Constitution — An Oppressed I'oetaster — .Address of Representatives 
on the Maine and Missouri Question — Sunday-schools — Immigration 
— William Emerson Elected Councillor — Extra Session Court of 
Common Pleas — \'ote for Governor — William King Elected — Wil- 
liam D. Williamson, President of the Senate — Report on Seal of 
the State — Excursion in " Boston Packet'" — Thompson ^: Chick's 
Peas and Beans — Supreme Judicial Court Organized — First .Annual 
Exhibition of the Theological Seminary — State and Penobscot In- 
dians — Lothrop Lewis Confers with them — County Officers Appomt- 
ed — Rev. Otis Briggs — Cavalry Company — Contest for Representati\'e 
to Congress— John Dods Bovee — ^John Bovee Dods Explains — Popu- 
lation of B.angor — Weather— Republicans (Democrats) Propose to Set- 
tle their Difficulties — Contributions to the Theological Seminary. 

1S20. Mr. .\braham Allen and Mr. Joseph Mansfield, 
with their families, who left Bangor — the former in 181 7 
and the latter in 181 8 — for the West, came to the con- 
clusion that Maine was the better country, and returned 
here on the i6th of January. 

There was some alarm lest Maine would not be ad- 
mitted into the Union, because Congress had connected 
Missouri with it, and Southern members would not vote 
for the admission of Maine unless Missouri was admitted 
also, and Northern members would not vote for the ad- 
mission of Missouri without a clause in its Constitution 



prohibiting slavery in that State. Northern members • 
enough yielded at last — among whom was John Holmes, 
one of the Maine Senators — and both States were ad- 
mitted. 

Revs. John .Smith and Bancroft Fowler were inaugurat- 
ed Professors of the Theological Seminary on the 8th 
of -March. .Addresses were made by each, with which 
the hearers were well pleased. The former had under 
his charge the department of Theology; the latter that 
of Classical Literature. 

The annual meeting occurred on the 13th of March. 
The Clerk, Treasurer, Agent, and Superintending School 
Committee, were the same as those of last year. The 
Selectmen and Assessors were Allen Gilrnan, Thomas 
Cobb, and ^\'ig^ins Hill. For highways, $1,200 were 
assessed; for Mr. Loomis's salary and collecting, $840; 
for Bridge Company, $400; for schools, $1,200; for the 
poor and town charges, $1,200. The Superintending 
School Committee were authorized to expend $30 in re- 
wards to the best scholars. The Treasurer was author- 
ized to borrow $500, to pay certain town orders, and 
with other moneys in the treasury to jiay the $500 bor- 
rowed the last year. 

At a meeting on .Apiil 3, William King received 136 
of 231 votes for Governor. William D. Williamson re- 
ceived log of 138 votes for Senator. John Wilkins re- 
ceived 57 votes for County Treasurer. Joseph Treat re- 
ceived 82 votes for Representative to the Legislature. 
Jackson Davis, 96. Scattering 6. 

The Professors of the Theological Seminary deemed 
it necessary to oppose the delinquencies of a person who 
afterwards became quite notorious — John Dods Bovee. 
They represented that he offered himself as a candidate 
to the Seminary under the name of John Bovee Dods; 
that he represented, and produced a certificate from an 
ofificer of a Presbyterian church in .Amsterdam, New York, 
that he was a member of that church, and was a suitable 
person to receive charitable assistance for the ministry. 
That his appearance of uncommon piety added strength 
to their representation, and he was received into the in- 
stitution. That it had since been discovered, and he had 
confessed, that the certificate was a forgery; that he had 
practiced a similar imposition at Andover, where he had 
been admitted to the academy, and on its discovery he 
had been dismissed from that institution with disgrace, 
and that on his examination in regard to this m'atter by 
the Trustees of the Bangor Seminary he "discovered 
such a destitution of moral principle and disregard for 
truth as was painful to witness." In connection with their 
statement, the professors published letters from John 
.\dams, of Andover Phillips Academy, and of Halsey 
A. Wood, pastor of the church at Amsterdam, from which 
it appears that Bovee was very respectably connected in 
Amsterdam; that he had been a member of the church, 
had been suspended (or crime, and upon evidence of re- 
pentance had been restored; that afterwards he obtained 
from his pastor a writing, saying simply that he was a 
member of the church in regular standing, as he de- 
sired it to take with him to New Jersey; that he married a 
daughter of a gentleman five miles from .\lbany, where 



-i jt 




& T. Yd. 

7. T. Bradbury, 

8. J. Burton, 
g. N. Bean, 

10. J. Bridges, 

11. J. Barker, 

12. Bangor Bank, 

13. D. J. Bent, 
[4. H. G. Balch, 



15. C. C. Billings, D. 

16. Toll Bridge, D. 

17. Bents' Bakehouse, D. 

18. J. Budge, G. 

19. J. Balch, A. 

20. Bean & Ham, S. D. 

21. J. Bartlett. E. 

22. Barker& Crosby, S. E 

23. T. Bartlett, S. E. 

24. Cemetery, ist, E. 

25. W. Bruce, ^■ 

26. Polly Boyd, D. 

27. W. Boyd, Deacon, B. 

28. BuEze';, ist settler, D. 
2q.* T. '^olby, H. 



30. 
31- 
32. 
33- 
34- 
35- 
36- 
37- 
38- 
39- 
40. 

41- 

42. 

43- 
44- 



Streets — a. Levant Road. *. Hammond 
p. Exchange, r. Ash. s. Oai, 



,-. High. d. Columbia, c. Cross. / Middle. 
t. York. V. Hancock, w. Washington, y. Boyd. 



Wall. A. 
. Newbury. 



H.li, 
J. (Iiki 

J. <i*!l 

L. Ill, 

J. (i iii 

J. (1*,, 

Call Its 
T. II 
P. I oats 

P. I Kb! 

P. I (nil 
Bui|hle, 



«d 




oad. i. Water. *. Independent. /. Union, m. Co. R. to Hampden, or Main. 
a. Harlow, ii. Six Miles Falls Co R. 



Fore. 



Co. R. to Orono. 



G Li E N B U Ft J^ 

+ 5 





J. B. Bond. A. i. 
W. Blaisdell. B. i. 
T. Brown, B. 3. 
N. Boynton, B. 4. 
P. Burgess, A. 4. 
R. Boyd, E. 3. 
A. Cartland, B. i. 
D. Campbell, C. 8. 
Capres, D. 10. 
J. T. Clark, E. 9. 

F. Carr, F. 4. 
T. Crosby, I. 4. 

y. Drummond, G. 7. 
D. Dresser, G. 7. 
Devils Rock, G. 8. 
J. Finson, D. 2. 
W. Forbes, G. 8. 
W. Hasey, A. 4. 

C. Hammond's Dam, F. 4. 

D. Hathom, F. 9. 
A. Hathorn, F. 9. 
J. Hathorn, F. 9. 
R. Hitchbom, G. 6. 
D. Howard, G. 5. 
J. Howard, G. 5. 
Jordan, D. 3. 

I. Legro, E. 3. 
I. Legro, Jr., E. 3. 
J. Lapish, E. 5. 
W. Lowder, F. 8. 

C. Low, H. 4. 
Harwell, E. 9. _ 

R. McPhetres, D. 10. 

A. McPhetres, E. 10. 
S. Noble's Cellar, G. 6. 

(First Minister.) 
Osgood, C. 2. 
Pumpkin Tavern, E. 9. 
M. Patten, F. 3. 

B. Parsons, F. 8. 
First Post Office, G. 8. 
W. Randall, A. 2. 

M. Richardson, C. 2. 
Richardson, C. 2. 
Reeds Ferry, G. 8. 
Kendrick's Mill, A. 2. 
S. Sherburne, B. 3. 
W. Sherburne, A. 4. 

G. Sanborn, G. 4. 
School-house, E. 9. 
I. Spencer, E. 10. 
G. Savage, H. 4. 
R. Webster, A. 4. 
Taylor, E. 3. 

R. Treat, G. 7. 

W. Thompson, F. 10. 

Thompson's Ferry. G. 10. 

Walbridge, B. 3. 

S. Wiley, E. 3. 

B. Wyatt, G. 4. 

D. Webster, G. 8. 

Ruins of the Campbell House, 

C. 8. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



59' 



he resided for some time, and taught a common school 
in the neighborhood until he was arrested for having 
connection with a girl there, and was bailed by his father- 
in-law and sent away; that he had labored at Andover to 
impress the people that he was eminently pious and a 
proper object of charitv, until there were strong pre- 
sumptions against him in relation to a pair of white pan- 
taloons and about $2 in change in one of the pockets; 
that his relatives were disturbed in relation to his course, 
and did not "entertain a shadow of a ho])e that he would 
ever change his abominable course, but were rather look- 
ing forward to a time, and that not far distant, when he 
would close his life in infamy and ruin.'' 

The statement and letter were published in the Bangor 
Register of March 23, 1820. Of course Bovee was dis- 
charged from the institution. He afterward went to Le- 
vant, in this county, where he intermarried with Miss 
Mercy Hodsdon, daughter of .Moses Hodsdon, Esq. 
He resided there for some time, and created great ex- 
citement through certain manifestations akin to those of 
the present day attributed to spiritual agency. Reports 
reached Bangor of these extraordinary demonstrations, 
and gentlemen — one a military man of high position — 
visited Levant to test the truth of the reports. Their 
experience of noises in the night-time of a violent and 
unaccountable character was such that they had no de- 
sire to encounter them again. .-Xfter spiritualism had 
made some progress, Bovee was in the field as a lec- 
turer, and published a book in reference to it. He was 
a man of considerable ability, and possessing much 
plausibility of manner and sufficient assurance, he ke))! 
hiinself before the public and upon good terms with 
such as did not know his history. 

Under the apportionment of Representatives in the 
new State of Maine, Bangor was classed with Orono and 
Sunkhaze, and the class had one Representative. Jack- 
son Davis was elected Representative. Mr. Williamson 
was elected Senator of the county, and Mr. King ("lov- 
ernor of the State. 

The votes for the Constitution were 10,025: against 
it, 875. 

Some poor fellow w^ho doubtless had experienced iiicon- 
venience from the frowns and, perhaps, fangs of his 
neighbors, sent through the county some lines upon "For- 
giveness,'' which might have had reference to the case of 
the ex-Andover student. It is to be hoped that the re- 
pentance was equal to the poetry. After putting in the 
mouth of the Saviour these words: " If you'll not forgive, 
you shall ne'er 'be forgiven," and saying that man, " no 
mercy would show, nor pardon the crimes of his fellows 
in woe," he proceeds ; 

While drawing this contrast I can't but exclaim, 
What tender dear souls in the new State of Maine I ! 
To issue their writs and take their last cent, 
To open their prisons, to threal'nings give vent. 

To dash reputation, more precious tlian gold. 
To strip him of home and expose him to cold. 
To influence friends to turn him away. 
Amid the keen dawn of a cold winter dav. 

Forgiveness and mercy here greatly combined, 
How noble their actions ! how feeling their mind ! 



.\ll hands turn him off was the word of command. 
Or your horses are gone at once from their stand ! ! 

Then lock up your stable and bolt every door; 

the thieves are coming; hark, hear the wind roar! ! 
\'ou are in great danger, your farms may be gone ! ! 
Or Breeches carried off and you left undone. 

.A writer in the Register of .\pril 20 thought it would 
be going a great way in the exercise of the virtue of for- 
giveness for the peo|)le of Maine to pardon the writer 
for "insulting their ears with such barbarous rhyme and 
inharmonious measure.'' 

Representatives M. Kinsley, Joshua Cushman, Ezekiel 
Whitman, and Enoch Lincoln, on March 7 sent forth 
an address from Washington to the people of Maine, in 
which they expressed their mortification at the manner in 
which Maine was linked with Missouri in being admitted 
into the Union, "without any regulation as to slavery." 
It behooved "the people of the North not to be inatten- 
tive to the signs of the times. .Although no objection 
was inade, on our part, to the diminution of the power 
of the old States in the North, by the admission ot the 
slaveholding States in the South — not even at the present 
session to the admission of .Alabama — yet, the motnent 
a State is offered in the Noith, gentlemen in the slave- 
holding States instantly cry out ; 'Give us a slave-holding 
State in the West, as a counterpoise to its influence in the 
Senate, or we will not agree it.' They say to Maine; 
" You may come into the Union ; but if you do coine, 
you must bring with you Missouri -slaves and all — not 
only what she now has, but all that she may ac([uire to 
the end of time," and if this was not done they threat- 
ened that 'a continuation of the Union must not be ex- 
jiected.' " Against such a course of procedure those 
Rejiresentatives protested, "and refused to sanction it 
with their approbation, and believed they had fulfilled 
the reasonable expectations of their fellow-citizens. 

In May, the movement in regard to Sunday schools 
was renewed. The people were solicited to take an in- 
terest in them as a means for their moral improveinent. 
Mr. Daniel Pike, Superintendent, gave notice that the 
Sunday-school for the season would be commenced on 
the I ith, and would be free to all. 

Families continued to arrive from the \\'est, with the 
intention of settling in the county. The current of em- 
igration had turned towards Penobscot. 

The interest felt in the education of the people had 
expression among the members of the Grand Jury in 
May. Instead of taxing the new members for a "treat," 
all united in a contribution for the aid of schools in the 
new settlements. 

At the session of the Legislature, William Emerson, 
of Bangor, was elected a member of the Governor's 
Council for Penobscot. The Government was Republi- 
can, or Democratic. Governor King delivered his mes- 
sage on the 2d of June. 

The whole vote of the State for Governor was 22,914. 
William King received 21,083. Jolm Chandler was 
elected President of the Senate, Benjamin Ames Sjjeaker 
of the House, Ashur Ware was elected Secretary of 
State, and Joseph E. Boyd Treasurer. John Holmes 
and John Chandler were elected United States Senators. 



592 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



William Moody was chosen President of the Senate to 
supply the place vacated by General Chandler. Mr. 
Moody shortly afterward resigned, and William D. Wil 
liamson was elected President of the Senate. 

The Legislature ])rovided for an extra session of the 
Court of Common Pleas throughout the State, for ad- 
ministering the oath to establish the ])ensions of Revolu- 
tionary soldiers. Fifty cents were allowed to the court 
and fifty cents to the clerk in each case. i'he session 
for Penobscot was held on June 27. 

.\ committee was appointed by the Legislature to re- 
port a seal and device, and on June 9 presented the fol- 
lowing as the description and explanation of the seal and 
arms of the State of Maine: 

A Shield, argt^tu. charged with a Pine Tree, a Moose Deer at the 
foot of it recumbent. Supporters: on de.xter side an Husbandman rest- 
ing on scythe; on sinister side: a Seaman resting on an anchor. In the 
foreground representing h^nd and sea and luider the Shield, the nan>e 
of the State in large Roman capitals, to wit: — MAINE — the whole sur- 
rounded by a Crest, the North Star. The motto, in a label interposed 
between the Shield and Crest, in small Roman capitals, viz: — DIRIGO. 

E.xplanation: The Moose Deer iCt'rvus n/ccs) is a native of the 
forests of Maine. When full grown it is scarcely inferior to a horse in 
size. It has a neck short and thick, a large head, horns dilating im- 
mediately from the base into a broad, palmated form; a thick, broad, 
heavy upper lip, hanging very jnuch over the lower, very high shoulders 
and long legs. The color is a dark greyish brown, much paler on the 
legs and under part of the body. The hair is coarse and .".trong, and is 
much longer on the top of the slioulders and edge of the neck, than on 
other parts. The eyes and ears are large, the hoofs broad, and the tail 
e.\tremely short. The greatest height of the Moose Deer is about 
seventeen hands, and the weight about twelve hundred and twenty 
pounds. In deep snows they collect in numbers in pine forests. 

The Mast Pine [Amerirnna, giiiiiustw iiiio foUkulo sctis) leaves five 
together, cones cylindrical, imbricated, smooth, longer than the leaves, 
crest of the anthers of two minute awl-shaped bristles. It is as well 
the staple of the commerce of Maine, as the pride of her forests. It 
is an evergreen of towering height and enormous size. It is the largest 
and most useful of all -American Pines and the best timber for masts. 

Application of the Emblems. .Name. The territory embraced bv 
the limits of the State bears the name of Maine. 

Cre.st: .-\s in the arms of the L'nited States, a cluster of stars repre- 
sents the States composing the Nation, the North Star may be con- 
sidered particularly applicable to the most northern members of the 
confederacy, or as indicating the most northern State of tiie Union. 

Motto: " Dirigo," I guide, or I direct. .As the Polar .Star has been 
considered the mariner's guide and director in conducting the ship over 
the pathless ocean to the desired haven, and as the centre of magnetic 
attraction; as it has been figuratively used to denote the point to which 
all affections turn, and as it is here intended to represent the State, it 
may be considered the citizen s guide, and the object to which the 
patriot s best e.\ertions should be directed. 

Shield: The Pine Tree. The stately pine, with its straight body, 
erect head, and evergreen foliage, whose beauty is only exceeded by 
its usefulness, while it lepresents the State, will excite the constant 
prayer of its citizens, si'mper viridis. 

The Moose Deer : The native animal of the State, which retires be- 
fore the approaching steps of human inhabitancy, in his recumbent 
posture and undisturbed situation denotes the extent of unsettled lands, 
which future years mav sec the abode of successive generations of men, 
whose spirit of independence shall be untamed as this -emblem, and 
whose liberty shall be unrestricted as the range of the Moose Deer. 

The .Supporters of the Shield: .A Husbandman with a scythe repre- 
sents Agriculture generally, and more particularly that of a grazing 
country; while a Seaman resting on an anchor, represents Commerce 
and Fisheries; and both indicate that the State is supported by these 
primary vocations of its inhabitants. 

The committee probably did not have the idea that 
manufactures would ever be one of the interests of 
Maine, therefore they did not represent thein upon the 
seal. It may be well for future generations that the com- 



mittee were so particular in their description of the 
moose deer and pine-tree, for it is not certain that they 
will continue to exist so long as Maine has inhabitants. 
The rifle and the axe are rapidly rendering them subjects 
of history. The husbandman and seaman possibly may 
live in the future; but there are times when it would 
seem as if the aversion of the young men to hardening 
their hands by tilling the soil, and the policy of the Gov- 
ernment, would place the supporters of the shield in the 
same category with the pine and the deer. The crest 
and the motto will probably be understood while the 
stars shine and the Latin language exists; and the ex- 
])lanations may not be deemed jiedantical or supereroga- 
tory. 

On June 24 .Mr. William Thompson anticipated Mr. 
Jacob Chick in the matter of green peas. 

This season there was an improveinent in packet ac- 
commodations. The rough cabins of the "coasters" 
were nol up to the requirements of such of the people 
as were accustomed to make a trip or two to Boston in 
the year, therefore the "elegant new schooner Boston 
Packet,'' was finished in a style to meet their necessities. 
John Perkins, a veteran and skillful navigator, was master; 
and to try her fitness for the purpose designed. Rev. Mr. 
I.ooniis and several of his parishioners, with their families, 
made a trial trip into the bay. There was some sea- 
sickness notwithstanding the "superior accommodations;'' 
nevertheless the vessel was pronounced a success, and 
was for a long time afterwards a favorite. .A journey to 
Boston was no inconsiderable undertaking. A fortnight's 
absence was usual. A passage up occupied four or five 
days frequently, seldom less than two. It would have 
reeiuircd several years to accomplish as much traveling 
as is now accomplished in a single season. And some of 
the ancients of that day would have had to live to the 
age of Methusaleh to master as many journeys and as 
many miles as some of our modern business men master 
in their business lives. 

Mr. Jacob Chick's garden yielded string beans on 
July 7, to his and his guests' gratification. He thought 
that esculent never came forward so early here before. 
He rejoiced in cucumbers on the tgth. Mr. Charles Burr 
brought new potatoes from Brewer on the 25th. Mr. 
Chick had green corn on the 27th. 

The Governor appointed Prentiss Mellen Chief Justice 
of the Supreme Judicial Court, and U'illiam P. Preble and 
Nathan Weston, Justices; Benjamin .'Vvery, of Bath, Attor- 
ney-General ; and Simon Greenleaf, Re]3orter of Decis- 
ions. 

The first annual exhibition of the Theological .Semi- 
nary occurred on the 2d day of August. It was well 
attended and interesting. 'The performances were by 
N. W. Sheldon, M. Ingalls, H..A Merrill, J. Sewall, Jr., 
R. Jones, L. Wilcox, H. B. Chapin, N. Chapman, I. 
Dunning, E. Jones, T. Simpson, S. Stone, A. Jackson. 
Query — did these gentlemen establish the custom of 
substituting capital letters for Christian naines ? 

As the Penobscot Indians, after the separation, were 
within the jurisdiction of Maine, the State assumed the 
obligations of Massachusetts in regard to them, as it was 




f Mnue 




ccAtef-) . 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, i\IAIN£. 



593 



right that it should. But it was necessary that the tribe 
should assent to this, therefore the Governor and Coun- 
cil appointed Hon. Lathrop Lewis, of Gorham, under a 
resolve of the Legislature, to treat with the Lidians upon 
the subject. He accordingly met at the Court-house 
in Bangor, on August 15, tlie Governor and chiefs of the 
tribe, and in a short address informed them of the change 
that had been made in the relations betwixt Maine and 
Massachusetts: that ^L^ine had become an independent 
State, and that our Governor and chiefs no longer re- 
sided in Boston, but among us; that they were ready and 
willing to assume the obligations of the Governor of Bos- 
ton and enter into a new treaty to secure an exact fulfill- 
ment of every thing that was promised by the old, and 
trusted they would consider the matter and agree to ac- 
cept the proposition. An adjournment was then taken 
to the 17th, in order that the chiefs, captains, and men 
of the tribe might consult in regard to it. 

On the day to which the conference had been ad- 
journed Colonel Lewis again met Governor Etienne, 
Lieutenant-Governor Neptune, and other chiefs, at the 
Court-house. Captain Francis, a chief, addressed the 
Commissioners in his native language. He acknowl- 
edged the goodness of the Great Spirit, who placed the 
red men here before the white men came, and'gave them 
all the land from which the waters run into the Penob- 
scot. He filled the forests with game and the rivers 
with fish for their subsistence — they were then contented 
and happy. When the white men came over the great 
waters, they received them as friends and brothers; they 
were then many and strong, the white men few and 
weak; they gave them land and permitted them to live 
peaceably among them, and had remained their friends. 
The white men were now strong, the red men weak, and 
wanted them to be their tViends. 

They were well pleased that by the consent of their 
father, the President of the United States, the Governor 
and people of the old State, Maine had been formed into 
a new State, and hoped the time would come when the 
land once owned by the great Penobscot tribe would 
contain white men enough to form another new State. 
That as the Governor and people of the new State wished 
to take them under their care and protection, and prom- 
ised to do for them all their good friends, the Governor 
and ])eople of Massachusetts, had agreed to do, and they 
placed the greatest confidence in the (Governor, chiefs, 
and people of the State of Maine, they were willing to 
put themselves under their care and protection. 

By their last treaty with Massachusetts they relin- 
(luished their claim to all their lands, except four town- 
ships and the islands in Penobscot River, above and in- 
cluding Oldtown, which the Commissioners — Robbins, 
Davis, and Hill — told them they were to hold for their 
use, improvement and benefit, so long as the sun shone, 
waters run, trees grew, and the world lasted. They 
wished the Government of Maine to understand this, 
and to fulfill the promise made by the Government of 
Massachusetts. They were now ready to rehnquish 
their claim on the old and make a treaty with the new 
State. 



Colonel Lewis replied, expressing satisfaction with 
what had been said, and assuring the Indians that so long 
as they conducted well the white men would be their 
friends, and expressing the hope that their reasonable 
expectations would be relieved, and that the new State 
would [lerform all promises to them as faithfully as the 
(Governor and people of Massachusetts had. 

The treaty was signed, and the whole business was 
conducted with great propriety and decorum. 

After the delivery of the papers Governor Etienne 
and Lieutenant-(]overnor Neptune were each presented 
by Colonel Lewis with a piece of fine scarlet broad- 
cloth for coats. He presented each of the chiefs with a 
silver brooch, on which were engraved the .'\rms of the 
State. The presents were made in the name of (Jover- 
nor King. 

The chiefs were much gratified with their jjresents, 
and with the new arrangements for the benefit of their 
peojjle. 

On July II, prior to Colonel Lewis's visit to Bangor, 
Lieutenant-Governor John Neptune and several other 
chiefs visited Portland and were introduced to Governor 
King and the Council in the Senate Chamber. The in- 
terview excited some curiosity, and a large number of 
citizens were present. 

The Governor addressed them, saying that our chiefs 
no longer resided in Boston; that their visit gave him 
pleasiu-e; that their fathers were our friends and we were 
their friends; that their fathers, long since, "helped us to 
drive away the redcoats;" that ni the last war they did 
right to take no part; we were strong enough without 
them; that we should consider them our children; and 
they should have everything from us that our friends in 
Boston promised them. Colonel Lewis would talk to 
them for us, and they could believe everything he 
said. 

NeiUune replied through an interjireter: 

I lluuik you for ihe guud you say. You see us well lo-d.iy. Christ 
is our Saviour as yours. He is the same to us all — no difference of 
color. The same Heaven is for the black men and the white men. 

One thing in particular I wish to say to-day. Perhaps we get nothing 
for it. The white people take the fish in the river so they do not get up 
to us. They take them with weirs; they take them with dip-net. They 
are all gone before they get to us. The Indians get none. If you can 
stop them so that we can get fish, too. we shall be very glad. 

There is another thing — our hunting privilege. The white men 
come and spoil all the game. They catch all the young ones and the 
old ones. We take the old ones and leave the young ones till they 
grow bigger and are worth more. We wish the white men to be 
stopped from hunting. 'I"hey take the timber — they have teams and 
o.^n to haul the trees. Indians have no te.uiis; no o.ven to haul tim- 
ber. We wish your Government to stop the white men from hunting — 
put their traps in their chests. Let white men have the timber and the 
Indians have the game. 

You see us here very poor. If we were not poor you would see us 
better dressed. We want you to give us something so that when you 
see us again you will know us. Perhaps a hat, nr shoes, or powder 
and shot. 

One word more. We want a new .\gent. Vou have a new Govern- 
ment, a new State. We want you to give us a new .Agent. 

The Governor promised that what had been said about 
the wing.the dip-nets, and hedges down in Penobscot Bay, 
should be attended to, and hoped that the injin-y done to 
their fishery would not be much longer a subject of com- 



594 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



plaint; that he was sorry to learn that white people in- 
terfered with their hunting, because it was not in our 
power to prevent it ; that as to white people hauling tim- 
ber, they could do' so too. It they had oxen, they 
could; and could employ them in ploughing their 
grounds and becoming good farmers. In regard to an 
new agent, he had no objection ; wished them to be satis- 
fied, and that the agent should be their friend as well as 
ours. That their request for something to remember 
them by should be complied with, and General Cony 
should provide for their accommodations and wants. 

Mr. Alexander Savage, whose handsome chirography 
may be seen in the town and in the Probate records, 
taught a writing school this season. 

In September there was an examination of the students 
of the Young Ladies' .Academy, with which the Trustees 
expressed great satisfaction. "The first class of young 
ladies appeared to great advantage in reading their ou-n 
compositions, as well as in history, and in rhetoric and 
criticism. The pieces selected by the young masters 
were so welT spoken as to afford no inconsiderable enter- 
tainment." The number of students in constant attend- 
ance was between forty and fifty. 

The Governor appointed David Perham, Judge of 
Probate for Penobscot county; Enoch Brown, Chief 
Justice of Court of Sessions ; Isaac Hodsdon and Daniel 
Wilkins, Associates ; Alexander Savage, Register of Pro- 
bate. 

Erastus Foute was appointed Attorney-General of the 
State. 

Rev. Otis Briggs, who had for some time been the 
preceptor of Hampden Academy, gave notice on Sep- 
tember 2 1, that the fall term commenced on the i8th 
and students would be received at twenty cents per 
week, and board could be obtained in his farailv at 
$1.50 per week. 

The companv of (;iv.ilr\ w.ns in existence this year 
under the coinmand ui i ',.ip .im ( iiani, ol i i.inpden. On 
September 27, Simon IS. II jriiiiian,ot Bangor, was elected 
Lieutenant, and Gershom Flagg, of Hampden, Cornet. 

With October came political excitement. On the 13th 
September the Republicans of the Fourth Congressional 
District, at Bucksport, nominated William D. Williamson 
as candidate for Representative to Congress, and Francis 
Carr as candidate for Elector. Mr. Kinsley's friends, 
who were disappointed by this nomination, thought it 
was effected by a sleight of hand and by keeping the 
people of Penobscot in the dark in regard to a change 
in the old mode of representation, by a few individuals at 
the court in Castine. Here was trouble in the ])arty. 

But outside of the party there was but one opinion, 
that as Mr. Williamson could not "possibly bear all the 
burdens of the peoiile," and was "now tolerably well 
loaded with offices," it would "be best to try and find some 
other person who would answer to represent us in Con- 
gress, and let Mr. Williamson (for a short time, at least) 
try how well he could bear the weights of office he had 
upon him." Therefore the Fedeialists at Eastport, on 
the 29th September, nominated Jacob McGaw as a per- 
son who, being burthened with no office, could attend to 



the interests of the district. Others thought John Wil- 
kins could represent the people well, and that Horatio 
G. Balch or Lemuel Trescott could serve as Electors. 

The candidates for Congress, who were finally put 
before the people of the district in this canvass, were Mr. 
Williamson, Mr. Kinsley, Mr. McGaw, and Mr. Wilkins. 

The meetings were held on November 6th. Bangor 
shows its appreciation of the candidates by giving Mr. 
Williamson 25 votes, Mr. McGaw 41, and Mr. Wilkins 
20. Brewer gave Williamson 5, McGaw 17, \\'ilkins 1; 
Orrington gave Wilkins 51, Kinsley i, the other candi- 
dates none. The votes in the district were, for William- 
son 608, for McGaw 289, for Wilkins 126, for Kinsley 
152, for J. Cooper 160, scattering 30. Mr. Williamson 
required 150 votes moie to be elected. 

Mr. John Bovee Dods, after taking sufficient time, on 
November 15th issued a statement intended to relieve 
his reputation from the stigma cast upon it by Rev. 
Halsey A. Wood. He had intended to abide the "judg- 
ment of the great day" in regard to his errors and those 
of his slanderers. He would "not be understood to re- 
fer to any of the officers and students of the institution, 
but to all those persons who have not only made public 
remarks, but a thousand additions to the published let- 
ters of Hals'ey A. Wood." He said that Mr. Wood had 
acknowledged two of his statements to be erroneous — 
that he had given him no later certificate, and that he 
was in Amsterdam early in the summer of 1819; but he 
had not altered that in relation to the affair in the 
vicinity of Albany, that would be "decided hereafter in 
a more serious contest." He challenged any one to 
prove any statement Wood had made against him. In 
relation to his change of name he made this explanation: 
" My family name is Bovee ; but it is customary among 
the Dutch to permit their children to be offered up in 
baptism by a godfather in the Dutch Reformed churches. 
.\fter this manner I was presented for baptism by John 
Dods, my mother's brother. I, therefore, according to 
this custom, take upon me this name. My youngest 
brother was offered up in baptism by Philip Vedder. It 
IS always customary that the eldest son should retain the 
t'amily name and annex to his own the first letter of his 
father's given name. The name given to my father was 
Jacob; therefore my eldest brother's name is Matthias 
Jacob Bovee. The wife, also, after the death of her 
husband, again subscribed her maiden name, retaining 
only the first letter of her husband's name." He an- 
nexes a certificate signed Jane B. Dods, Matthias J. 
Bovee, Philip Bovee 'Vedder, and several other Bovees, 
that they had never given Halsey A. Wood, or any other 
person, permission to publish John's name throughout 
the Union. They did not, however, deny that Mr. 
Wood's statement in regard to John's conduct was true. 

The only thing striking in Mr. Dods's statement is his 
disposition to forgive his calumniators. 

By the census taken this year, the population of Ban- 
gor was 1,221, showing an increase since i8io of 371. 
That of Hampden was 1,478, increase 199. Brewer, 
734; Orrington, 1,049; Increase of both in the decade, 
444. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



595 



The weather in December was unusually cold, even 
for that season of the year. The mercury on high ground 
stood sit twenty-six degrees, and near the river at thirty 
and three-fourths degrees below zero, at 8 o'clock v. .m. 

Mr. Williamson sent circulars this month to every town 
in Maine for materials for his history. 

A meeting of the Republicans of the county of Penob- 
scot was notified to meet at Mrs. Hatch's tavern, on the 
4th January, 1821, to see if a candidate for Congress 
could be agreed upon, and the difficulty in the party 
settled. 

The subscri|)tions and contributions in money for the 
Theological Seminarv in the months of June, July, and 
.August, w-ere 64, in sums varying from $1 to $76 each, 
amounting in all to $498.08. In September, October, 
and November, they were 75, in sums varying from $1 to 
$163 each, amounting to $667.19. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Penobscot .Agricullui-al Society Formed — Canvass for Kepreseiitalive in 
Congress — The Mails — Comet — The .^spirants for Office — Town 
.Meeting — Officers lilectej — .Appropriations — First Congregational 
Meeting-house — General Herrick .Appointed Sheriff — Isaac Hodsdon 
Cleik of Courts — Receipt's of Seminary — Ice — Earthquake — Mr. Wil- 
liamson Made Governor in Place of Mr. King, resigned — Mr. 
Davenport Gives the Seminary Its Site — Bangor Young Ladies' 
.Academy — Hampden .-\cadcmy — ColonelWebster — Premiums Offered 
by the Penobscot .Agricultural Society — W'illiainson Resigns the Posl- 
otfice — Clark -Appointed Postmaster — Fourth of July — Boys' C?el- 
ebration — " Federalist " — Candidates for Governor — Mr. Williamson 
Elected to Congress — George W. Pickering — L. it L. Crane- 
Charles Hammond's Block — Bent's Bake-house — Moses Burley's 
.Stages — Death of Hon. F. Carr — .Supreme Judicial Court — Chief 
J ustice Mellen's Charge — Snow October 19 — Cattle Show — Governoi 
Williamson and General Herrick — A Political Controversy — The Mi- 
litia System — Musters Criticised — A Court-martial and Its Result— 
.A Military .Arrest — Troops Complimented — Receipts of the Sem- 
inary. 

The interest in regard to agriculture found e,\pression 
early this year in the formation of the Penobscot Agri- 
cultural Society. .\ meeting was held at the Court-house 
on the 3d of January, at which General Jedidiah Herrick 
presided, and Daniel Pike was Secretary. A committee 
of one froin each town in tlie county was appointed to 
solicit subscriptions and collect the assessments of one 
dollar a year from the members, and Jedidiah Herrick, 
Philo H. Washburne, Samuel E. Dutton, Francis Carr. 
Simeon Stetson, Zeba French, David Perhani, Samuel 
Clark, and Green Sanborn were appointed Trustees; 
Daniel Pike, Treasurer. 

The subject of Representative to Congress was re- 
newed. At the meeting at Mrs. Hatch's Tavern, at 
which Wiggins Hill was chosen Chairman and Thoiiias 
Treadwell Secretary, the Bucksport nomination of Mr. 
Williamson was "cordially approved," and the meeting 
was declared adjourned "si/n qua non." 



It was said that a friend of Mr. Wilkins called this 
meeting, and four Federalists acted in it. Rut An Elector 
was of opinion that "if talents, integrity, and an unim- 
])earhable character were considered as any recommenda- 
lions to public notice, and his profession as a lawyer was 
no objection, Jacob McGavv, Esci., was in every respect 
deserving the support of the intelligent and independent 
electors of the district." This writer was doubtless a 
"Federal Republican." 

But there was still dissatisfaction with .Mr. Williamson 
among the "Democratic Republicans." Sonie said only 
nine towns in the county were represented at the Hatch 
Tavern meeting, when there were twenty-seven towns in 
the county, and it was simjjly a caucus nomination of 
only a third part of the county. Some thought a man 
should not be taken for Congress because he was a mem- 
ber of a particular party, without regard to talents or 
qualifications, but "a liberal nian, a man of talents and 
integrity," such as Mr. McGaw, should be taken. The 
wrangling increased, and Mr. S. Harriman stepped into 
the area and proclaimed John Wilkins "to be an upright, 
faithful, honest, judicious, and ca])able man for any of- 
fice," therefore as suitable to represent the Fourth Dis- 
trict in Congress. 

Mr. Wilkins, being Collector of United States Taxes, 
was calling for the arrearages of the direct tax of 1798. 

The second trial for Representative to Congress oc- 
curred on the 2 2d of January. The votes in Bangor 
were: For McCiaw, 48; Wilkins, 26; \\'illiamson, 24; 
Kinsley, none; scattering i. In the district, Williamson 
received 863, against 944 for all others. There was no 
choice. 

The mails were a subject of comjilaint. One mail a 
week was hardly u]) to the requirements of a growing 
community, when it was received regularly by the way 
of the Kennebec, but after the Post-otifice Department 
changed its route and sent it to Buckport and across the 
Penobscot twice it became so old and diluted by the 
time it reached Bangor that it was of "very little service." 

In March a comet of considerable brilliancy attracted 
attention. 

Mr. Wilkins, in consequence of liis aspirations for 
Congress, was disturbed by the appearance of a rival for 
the offices of Register of Deeds and County Treasurer. 
Thomas Cobb, who had been for twenty years Register 
of Deeds, County Treasurer and Clerk of the County in 
the county of Hancock, and more recently Clerk of the 
Courts in Penobscot county, but supplanted by Isaac 
Hodsdon, was presented for Mr. Wilkins's jilaces, and it 
was said that Mr. Wilkins was not satisfied with those 
offices because of his efforts to get into Congress, there- 
fore neither he nor his friends had cause of complaint 
because another candidate was set up against him. 

The annual town meeting was held Match 12. 
Thornas Cobb was again elected Town Clerk ; Thomas 
Cobb, U'iggins Hill, and James Tilton, Selectmen and 
Assessors ; Thomas A. Hill, Treasurer ; Allen Gilnian, 
Agent; Harvey Loomis, Hosea Rich, Thomas Cobb, 
Superintending School Cornmittee. 

For schools $800 were raised ; for highways $1,000; 



596 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



for Mr. Loomis's salary $870 ; for the Bridge Company 
$400; for the Treasurer $15 for his services: to the 
Assessors $1.33^3 per day were to be paid "while en- 
gaged in the duties of their offices." The Superintend- 
ing School Committee were supplied with $25 for 
rewards for the best scholars. The Treasurer was au- 
thorized to boirow $500. 

At another meeting, on this day, Thomas Cobb re- 
ceived 63 votes for Register of Deeds, and John Wili^ins 
53. Thomas Cobb received 68 votes for County Treas- 
urer, and John Wilicins 49. But the county did not 
know Mr. Cobb as well as they did Mr. Wilkins, there- 
fore it elected the latter. 

On March 29 the Bangor Meetmg House Corporation 
(Congregationaiist) issued proposals for materials and the 
building ot a liouse of wood, seventy-two feet long by 
fifty-two feet wide, and thirty feet post, with a cupola. 

The members of the Legislature nominated Governor 
King for re-election. 

The Governor atid Council appointed Jedidiah Her- 
rick, of Hampden, Sheriff of the county ; Isaac Hods- 
don, of Corinth, Clerk of the County ; Ephraim Good- 
ale, of Orrington, and Zeba French, of Dexter, Justices 
of the Court of Session.s. 

The receipts for the Bangor Seminary in the three 
months from January, inclusive, in sums of from $1 to 
$50, were $840.67. 

April 15 the ice left the river, and the schooner Auro- 
ra, Captain Joshua Jordan, arrived from Boston, loaded 
with goods. 

The shock of an earthquake was felt on the 5th of 
May. It commenced with a heavy rumbling, which was 
followed by a detonatior loud as the heaviest thunder, 
and then a rumbling again. In some instances crockery 
ware was thrown from shelves, and the houses were con 
siderably shaken. The night and morning had been 
tempestuous, with snow, wind, and rain, which contin- 
ued in the forenoon. The earthquake was felt between 
7 and 8 o'clock a. m. It was probably the severest shock 
that has been felt in Bangor in this century. 

Mr. Williamson, who had been for some time Post- 
master of Bangor, being also Senator from Penobscot and 
President of the Senate, left Bangor for Portland on the 
17th of May to assume the position of Governor of the 
State, Governor King having accepted the appointment 
of Commissioner, with Hugh White and L. W. Tazewell, 
for the settlement of claims under the treaty with Spain, 
to sit in Washington the same month. 

The Penobscot Agricultuial Society, having obtained 
an act of incorporation, organized upon the i 7th of May 
and proceeded vigorously to work. Martin Kinsley was 
made President; Jonathan Farrar and Benjamin Butman, 
Vice-Presidents; Daniel Pike, Recording Secretary and 
Treasurer; and Archibald Jones, of Frankfort, Corre- 
sponding Secretary; which officers ex officio, and Jed- 
idiah Herrick, Samuel E. Dutton, Simeon Stetson, Wil- 
liam R. Ware, Jacob McGaw, Francis Carr, Rufus Gil- 
more, Ephraim Goodale, Seba French, Joshua Stock- 
well, Jonathan Sibley, Joshua Lane, Joseph Bridgham, 
Jr., and John Swan were made the Trustees. 



The Governor appointed Allen Gilman County Attor- 
ney for Penobscot. 

On May 28 Governor King addressed a letter to the 
committee who had notified him of his re-nomination 
for Governor, declining to accept it, for the reason that 
he had concluded to accept the appointment of Commis- 
sioner, a less eligible position than that of Governor, 
which he resigned, as the "unfortunate claimants in this 
section of the country asked, in the most feeling terms, 
his attention to the business of the Commission, fearing 
if he should decline that another person might not be 
selected from our State." 

On the same day Mr. \\'illiamson was inducted into 
the office of Governor in the Senate chamber in Port- 
land, "in presence of a large and respectable number of 
citizens from different parts of the State." 

On June 4 Mr. Isaac Davenport, of Milton, Massa- 
chusetts, presented the Theological Institution with a 
deed of a site for its permanent buildings, valued at $1,- 
000. 

In this month the Trustees of the Bangor Young Ladies' 
Academy elected their officers for the year, and made ar- 
rangements for its future usefulness. Preceptor Briggs 
continued in Hampden Academy, and gave notice that tui- 
tion was still twenty cents per week, and board could "now 
be obtained not only m the family of the Preceptor, at 
9 shillings per week, but in the family of the Hon. Judge 
Kinsley, and other most respectable families.'' 

A military election was held on the 20th. Major Eb- 
enezer Webster was chosen Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
Fourth Regiment, First Brigade,' Third Division, and 
Captain Joshua W. Carr, Major. 

The gardens of Mr. Jacob Chick and Mrs. Hatch 
yielded green peas on the 23d June, well-filled. 

The public mind in June was turned toward the selec- 
tion of a candidate for Governor. The persons most 
prominent were General Joshua Wingate, Jr., of Port- 
land; General John Chandler, of Monmouth; and Judge 
Albion K. Pairis, of Paris. Mr. Chandler at once de- 
clined to be considered a candidate, and opinion began 
to concentrate upon Judge Parris. 

The Trustees of the Penobscot .'\gricultiiral Society 
determined to hold a cattle show on the 18th of Octo- 
ber, and offered their premiums- of from $5 to $25. 
This latter premium was to be given to the person who 
should "furnish satisfactory evidence of having discov- 
ered a, cheap, certain, and effectual mode of destroying 
wood-lice upon fruit trees."' 

Mr. Williamson resigned the office of Postmaster, and 
Major Royal Clark was appointed. 

The anniversary of independence was celebrated by 
the usual salutes and a public dinner at Lumbert's tav- 
ern, to which about forty citizens sat down, and "the 
countenance of every one," says the Register, "indicated 
much good feeling, and a general e.xpression of warm 
national partialities gave an interest to the occasion sel- 
dom witnessed." The last regular toast was: "The 
Downfall of Party — a union of all honest men." 

The boys, to whom the uproar and excitement of the 
Fourth of July is the greatest treat of the whole year. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



597 



had erected a fort of cobble-stones on the hill west of 
Main street, below the Bangor House, in which they had 
placed a swivel in order to salute a company of lads that 
was to visit them from Hampden. They were up early 
in the morning, and by i or 2 o'clock had succeeded by 
ringing the bell and firing their swivel and muskets, and 
making every other noise they could invent, in getting 
the whole town awake. Sometime in the forenoon the 
company from Hampden, under Captain William .A, 
Howard — who has since been a prominent captain in the 
revenue service of the country — made its appearance 
prettily uniformed, and attracted much attention by its 
soldierly appearance. The boys, of course, renewed 
their labors at the swivel, and Captain Howard's com- 
pany was handsomely received by a company of Bangor 
lads that had been extemporized for the occasion, .\fter 
exhibiting their proficiency in marching and drill to the 
admiring lookers-on, they sat down at Mr. Jacob Chick's 
table and partook of his green peas and the other nice 
things he had provided for them. On the w-hole the boys 
had an exceptional good time on that day. as many of 
them remember. 

Mr. Chick's peas were probably more tender than those 
of .Mr. R. T. Man, of Sangerville, which were ready for 
the table as early as the 12th of June this year. 

In July the excitement in regard to a candidate for 
Governor had much increased. The epithet of " Fed- 
eralist," which since the Hartford convention had be- 
come obnoxious, was applied profusely by those calling 
themselves Democratic Republicans to their opponents. 
Mr. Parris and Mr. Wingate were the two candidates in 
the field. Mr. Wingate was a Republican, and Mr. Parris 
was in ftllowship with that party. But a troublesome 
memory presented to the people the fact that the latter 
gentleman was once a Federalist, and not only he, but 
William King, John Holmes, .\biel Wood, Benjamin 
(ireen, Mark L. Hill, and Erastus Foote. 

But .Mr. Holmes said of .Mr. Parris, that "his father 
was a respectable tarmer, and he himself was brought u]) 
and identified with a population exclusively agricultural.'' 
But Mr. Wingate, while Mr. Parris had been fighting 
single-handed against the opposers of the .Administration, 
had been enjoying the emoluments of the Custom-house. 
and the public had rewarded him with ]iro|ierty which 
had been estimated at $100,000; but it was "exceedingly 
questionable whether the habits there imbibed were very 
consistent with the prudence, economy, and frugality of a 
new and agricultural State." 

.Mr. Parris was the more popular and received the nom- 
ination in various counties, and was afterwards elected 
Governor by a very large vote. 

The interest in the Fourth Congressional District was 
concentrated in the canvass for Representative to Con- 
gress. Mr. Williamson was recommended by a conven- 
tion at Castine on July 11, as the candidate regularly 
nominated by a convention at Bucksport, who should be 
supported by the Republicans, and on .August 6 he was 
again nominated by a convention at Bucksport, having 
received fourteen votes to Mr. Kinsley's twelve, and one 
scattering. Still there were Republicans who considered 



this Bucksport meeting packed and unf.iir. But a con- 
vention at Bangor on the 7th of .\ugust, at which Isaac 
Case was nominated for Senator and John Wilkins for 
Register of Deeds and Treasurer, approved the Bucks- 
port nomination of Mr. Williamson. 

Simeon Stetson was a candidate for the nomination 
for Senator, and Thomas Cobb for Register of Deeds 
and Treasurer at this convention. They had a very 
small number of the votes, but their friends were dissatis- 
fied that they were not nominated, and held a meeting at 
Lumbert's tavern. and nominated Mr. Stetson for the Sen- 
ate and .Mr. Cobb for Congress. 

The tickets were now presented to the electors of the 
district. The " Republican ticket," with Albion K. 
Parris for Governor; Isaac Case for Senator; John Wil- 
kins, for Register and Treasurer; and William D. William- 
son, for Representative to Congress; and the "Union 
Ticket,"' with Simeon Stetson, for Senator, and Thomas 
Cobb, for Representative to Congress. 

The canvass became interesting and amusing. It was 
claimed for Mr. Williauison that he knew the principles 
of law and could combat Southern lawyers, and we 
Northeners had not our proportion of lawyers in Con- 
gress; most of our Representatives were larmersat home; 
and Mr. Williamson could do something for us, while 
Mr. Kinsley could not, having been there two years with- 
out saying or doing anything that was ever heard of for 
our benefit : and Mr. Cobb, although as clever as the day 
w-as long (except his Federal notions), would make but a 
poor figure and do but little good where hishead swam as 
it would swim if he went to Congress; and as for Cooper 
and Mowry, they were both notorious smugglers and 
British agents, and unfit to represent a tree people. 

On the other hand, it was denied that Mr. Williamson 
was sufficiently acquainted with the principles of law to 
combat successfully the prejudices of Southern lawyers; 
and we Northern folks had too many of that gentiy in 
Congress, most of whom, when at home, knew nothing 
about farming; then .Mr. Williamson would do nothing 
for us more than Mr. Kinsley ; but Mr. Cobb, besides 
being as clever as the day is long, would prove more 
efficient in the Government than a brigade of gousequill 
heroes. Then if we suffered ourselves "to be divided 
and scattered by such restless and ambitious men as 
Judge K., W. D. W., Cooper, Mowry, and the Lord 
knows who, we may go on to eternity without effecting 
an election, and to balance the evil of being represented 
by such truck, we might fondly realize the blessing of 
attending frequent town meetings.'' 

While these and more bitter things were said of the 
several candidates, .Mr. Larry Costigan, of Sunkhaze, 
continued patiently to wear a beaver hat which had been 
in constant service for fifty-five yeais. He, however, e.K- 
pressed the belief that he was entitled to a new one, but 
made no complaint that his personal qualities and qualifi- 
cations bad not been discussed with reference to his fit- 
ness for Congress. 

On September iSth the trial was had for the election 
to the several offices. In Bangor .Mr. Parris received 
54 votes: Mr. Wingate, 36; and Mr. Whitman, 38; 



598 



HISTORY OP^ PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



scattering 3. Mr. Stetson received 66 votes for Senator; 
Mr. Case, 75. Mr. Williamson received 58 votes for 
Congress; Mr. Cobb, 47 ; Mr. Kinsley, 9. In Hampden 
Mr. Stetson received 147 votes; Mr. Case 2: Mr. 
Williamson, 6; Mr. Kinsley, 40; Mr. Cobb, 23. 

Mr. Williamson received 1,823 votes against 1,816, 
and was elected. Tliere was no election of Senator. 

On September 4th a military election was made in 
Brewer of Messenger Fisher, captain of the "New Wren- 
tham" company, zvifc' Captain Copeland, resigned; En- 
sign Russell Hart, lieutenant, and Alexander A. Fisher, 
Ensign. 

Moses Barley established a new line of stages between 
Bangor and Augusta this month. The route was 
through Hampden, Newburg, Uixmont, Joy (Troy), 
Unity, Ligonia, Clinton, Winslow, and Vassalborough. 
It left Bangor on Thursday, at 11 o'clock, a. m., and 
reached Augusta on Friday at 6 v. m. Left Augusta on 
Wednesday at 4 o'clock, and arrived at Bangor at 10 
o'clock ..\. .\i., Thursday. Fare, $4.75. 

On September 12th George W. Pickering opened "new 
goods" at the new store o|3posite Messrs. L. & L. Cram's. 
This firm transacted business in the middle store of a 
wooden block of three stores, that was erected by Charles 
Hammond on the east side of West Market Square. In 
the rear of this building was the bake-house of Major 
David J. Bent. The building in which Mr. Pickering 
commenced business was completed this year. It was a 
frame block of two stores, and stood on the recent site 
of the Kenduskeag bank, occupying more ground, how- 
ever. It was Mr. Pickering's place of business for many 
years. 

The Messrs. Cram, who were doing a thriving busi- 
ness in all sorts of goods, found a rival in Mr. Pickering, 
who was a native of Bangor and [jopular. There was 
considerable competition (or the trade. 

Hon. Francis Carr died on October 5th, at the age of 
sixty-nine. He came first to Brewer from Newbury, and 
afterward removed to Bangor. He was a prominent 
"citizen and politician, and represented the district in 
Congress. 

The Supreme Judicial Court held its first session in 
Bangor on the first 'I'uesday of this month. The three 
Judges, Mellen, Weston, and Preble, were upon the 
Bench. 

Chief justice Mellen made a charge to the Grand Jury, 
which was |)ublished by their special request, .\fter re- 
ferring to the "mildness and equity of our laws,'' and 
the advantages the American people possessed for 
political and social happiness, and the necessity of vigi- 
lence in regard to the execution of the laws, and defining 
the various crimes and misdemeanors of which the Grand 
jury were required to take notice, he called attention to 
several important matters, essential to the welfare of the 
people, over which the people, as individuals, had con- 
trol — the proper training by parents and masters of those 
under their care; good family government; public worship 
on the Lord's day. The practice of attending public 
services on this day would produce habits of attention to 
those duties (of parents) and respectful deportment to all 



of reverence to the laws of their Maker and of the Gov- 
ernment under which they live; it will tend to form them 
into good citizens, and gradually diminish the number of 
those who disgrace themselves by their vices and disturb 
the happiness and good order of the community. 

" Idleness was the mother of a thousand crimes." 
The young should be honestly and industriously em- 
uloyed. Vicious and profane company corrupted not 
only good manners, but the heart. Another monstrous 
evil, which was extending its devastating influence in 
our country, bringing disgrace as well as ruin upon thou- 
sands, was intemperance. " Let us all do our endeavor 
to effect a discontinuance of this destructive practice." 

The Chief Justice thought it a cause of congratulation 
that a term of this court was to be held annually in Ban- 
gor, for the more convenient administration of justice; 
that respect for the law's and confidence in those who ad- 
minister them was of vital importance; that, compared 
with the mhabitants of any other country, we are free and 
happy in the proudest import of those terms ; and that, 
"in proportion to our privileges and blessings, is our ob- 
ligation to preserve them ''; that the subjects he had re- 
ferred to were momentous, and he trusted that " this neW' 
and interesting occasion would give them increased im- 
portance and lasting effect." 

Snow fell on October 19. The sleighing was so good' 
that Colonel Joshua Lane rode from his house in Hamp-, 
den, a distance of six and a half miles, in a sleigh with 
three hundred jjounds'vveight besides himself, in fifty-five 
minutes. 

The cattle-show was held m Bangor at the time ap- 
pointed, and the "chief part of the cattle and articles* 
exhibited would have made a respectable appearance at. 
any cattle-show." Colonel Joshua Lane received the 
society's premium of $5 for butter; Captain William 
Comins, of Eddington, received the premium of $5 for 
cheese; Hon.'Ephraim Goodale, of Orrington, had 
much credit for seventeen varieties of ajjples, and seven 
of choice pears, of his own raising. The exhibition of 
domestic manufactures was not gratifying to the trustees. 
j An address was delivered by Jacob McGaw, F2sq., and 
a copy was requested for publication, but he declined to 
have it published. Mr. Benjamin Bussey, of Boston, 
presented the society with $50, being gratified with its 
exhibition. 

Charles Plummer took the stock of books of Daniel 
Pike, and opened a book-store and bindery in connection 
with it. 

Before Mr. Williamson left the Governor's chair, he 
removed General Herrick from the office of Sheriff, and 
appointed Major Royal Clark to the place. The Port- 
land Gazette regretted the removal of this "faithful, 
prompt, and intelligent officer," saying that no charge 
could be "brought against him but that of entertaining 
political opinions different from the ruling powers," and 
" thus we are furnished with a new illustration of the! 
doctrine of conciliation." To this a person, signing him- 
self "Penobscot," said that Mr. Clark was "at least as 
faithful, prompt, and intelligent as the late Sheriff, and 
would be as easily satisfied with the honest fees of office." 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



599 



Out of this change of officials came a painful contro- 
versy. A writer, under the title of "Sidney No. i 

And pigmies rule," commenced by saying that he was 
" no office-seeker, or dependant upon office," that he 
was "no hot blooded politician or religious bigot," but 
he had not arrived at that state of stoical philosophy 
that he "could view with indifference the intrigues of de- 
signing demagogues and ignorant political empirics." 
He had for some time seen " in our infLint State com- 
binations among little, weak, and unprincipled politicians 
for the mercenary purpose of procui ing the individuals 
concerned to be elected or appointed to offices to which, 
by their natural diminutiveness and paucity of talents, 
they would never be entitled.'' He would warn these 
"Jackalents" of the fate of the frog in the fable, and 
would soon take notice of the article of " Penobscot." 

But the notice of "Penobscot" in "Sidney No. 2" 
was simply an arraignment of Governor \Villianison and 
his Council. It had been understood, when the new 
State was organized, that the policy of the Covernment 
in regard to officers should be conciliatory; that although 
the incumbents were Federalists there should be no gen- 
eral removal, but a portion retained, and Democrats 
should be appointed in the places of the other ]3ortion. 
In Penobscot county, as between the Sheriff and the 
Clerk, Governor King and his Council thought it better 
to retain General Herrick as Sheriff, and appoint (General 
Hodsdon as Clerk, in place of Mr. Cobb, who was a 
lawyer, and had been in office a long time. But when 
Mr. Williamson (whom the people had no more thought 
of making Governor than they had of making him Grand 
Sultan) clomb into the Executive window he ejected froiii 
office one old faithful Sheriff, and thus at once destroyed 
the tabric w-hich Governor King had so cautiously reared. 
He could not wait the short months until Governor 
Parris, whom the people had elected, came into office, 
but he must take advantage of his accidental power to 
thrust from office one against whom there was " no other 
evidence of his official misconduct than what could be 
derived from a sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal." 
He adverted to the inconsistency of the Council (in which 
he implicates Mr. Emerson), who, with Governor King, 
had sustained him, in uniting with Governor Williamson in 
removing him, without notice or giving him an opportun- 
ity to be heard; and as to the base insinuation of " Penob- 
scot " of " various instances of extortion objected against 
him," he would reply to that hereafter. 

To this a writer over the signature of "Kenduskeag" 
replied that the writer of Sidney was General Herrick 
himself : that his object was to make the peo[)le of other 
Counties believe that he was removed for his political 
opinions; but Mr. Williamson and Mr. Emerson well 
knew what were the wishes of the people of their coun- 
ty in regard to him — that his removal was "demanded 
in that language which is, and ever ought to be irresisti- 
ble." As to "the old, faithful officers " party, it was im- 
possible to tell to which political party he belonged — both 
parties seemed to have passed upon him a sentence of 
excommunication. 

In "Sidney No. 3," the writer, after saying that he in- 



troduces individual characters not from any pleasure, but 
to illustrate his general doctrine "that it is not safe or 
prudent to put men in office who are wholly incompetent 
to discharge the duties of their station," he proceeds to 
examine the assertion of Penobscot that "in August, 
1820, various instances of extortion were objected 
against " Herrick. The present Council had concurred 
in his appointment in February or March, 1821, after the 
subject had been canvassed for months by them, "and 
after every objection that could be generated by envy, 
jealousy, malice, and competition had been argued witli 
the greatest force and acrimony; backed in one instance 
by family connexions, and in another by religious sympa- 
thy;" yet this Council, six months after the objections 
were made and proof offered, confirmed the appointment 
of General Herrick — that man "Penobscot" charged 
with being guilty of extortion! The writer "by exonerating 
them from censure in making the removal, convicts them 
of connivingat extortion by making the appointment." . 
" It would be a gross libel on the citizens of 
Penobscot to assert that they could sympathize with Mr. 
Williamson in his personal hostihty to General Herrick, 
or with the Council in their oscillating policy." He then 
enumerated the moral, intellectual, and physical qualities 
necessary in a Sheriff, all which (General Herrick 
possessed, and although Major Clark might possess them 
yet the (piestion of the removal was one between the 
people and the Executive. 

In "Sidney — No. 4," the writer has some general re- 
marks in regard to the indulgence of party spirit. In 
time of peace we should prepare for war. Party zeal 
had somewhat subsided now, but opposition was arising 
in the South against John Quincy Adams as a candidate 
for the Presidency; and from the intemperance with 
which the South pursued the Missouri question, we could 
not expect the calm long to continue. As to " Kendus- 
j keag's" communication, as he "did not wield an assas- 
sin's dagger, but a chastising rod, he must be excused if 
he did not take much notice of it." 

Mr. Williamson was so much annoyed by the •'Sidney'" 
criticisms that he made an effort to procure the name of 
the writer of those papers, by threatening the printer in 
the following note: 

H.\NGok. November 21. 1821. 
Mr. James Bukton, Sir; — As you in your last Register published 
I libellous matter on my character, nothing else will satisfy me and the 
! public than that you immediately make in your paper a satisfactory 
; apology and confession for the wrong you have done, give up the real 
I name of the writer under the signature "Sidney," or answer it yourself • 
at the ne.\t term of the Supreme Judicial Court in this County. 
1 am yours, &c., 

Wm. D. \ViLI.i.\MSnN. 

Mr. Burton said he had "endeavored to avoid all per- 
sonal abuse and 'libellous matter,' and thought that in 
this, as yet, he had been perfectly successful — that 'Sid- 
ney' was personally unknown to him, but he hoped that, 
if necessary, he would come forward with his name. Such 
was his 'apology,' etc." 

"Sidney" came forward in No. 5 with a severe castiga- 
tion of Mr. Williamson for this attempt to interfere with 
the liberty of the press. Was it possible that he "is so 
ignorant of the dispositions of freemen and of the nature 



6oo 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



\ 



of our republican institutions as to imagine that he can 
stop the mouths of freemen and deter them from writing 
their tho\ights freely on the subject of his official miscon- 
duct? Does he really think that he has become Pope 
or Emperor, and that by the word of his power or the 
majesty of his name, he can awe them into silence? 
Vain and impotent attempt of an impotent mind ! " He 
assumed that Mr. VVilliamson was " Kenduskeag," and 
denied his charge that he had tried to mislead the people 
and make them believe that the removal of General Her- 
rick was in consequence of his political opinions 'I'his 
was not true, for he had "established the fact that the 
removal was witliout any cause, either political, natural, 
or moral." 

In "Sidney — No. 6," which is the last of these papers, 
the writer undertakes to show, among other thmgs, that 
tlie act of Mr. Williamson in removing General Herrick 
was "in opposition to the spirit of the Constitution," be- 
cause he was not elected to that office, and it was not 
one of the "duties'' devolving upon an accidental Gov- 
ernor, such as he, to remove officers appointed by legit- 
imate Governors. 

The propositions of this writer were not replied to, ex- 
cepting when he illustrated them by referring to the case 
of \Villiamson and Herrick. Tlien the friends of Mr. 
AViUiamson felt called upon to re]jlv. A writer over the 
name of "December" justified the removal of General 
Herrick by citing a case of extortion, saying that " for 
some time past General Herrick had been in the practice 
of taking too much fees." An instance had accidentally 
come to his knowledge " tvhere the fees charged on 
twelve small precepts were $18.21, and the legal fees on 
the same precepts were only $n.6o,'' making the sum of 
"extorted fees" $6.61. From that he argued that if the 
Sheriff's fees in one year amounted to $1,500, at that rate 
the amount of extorted fees would be $854.74; and in 
five years, to $4,273.70 '. He inquired if General Her- 
rick was not a bankrupt when first ap[)ointed (five years 
before), and if so, how he had maintained his family, 
paid his debts, and become rich in so short a time unless 
he did it by taking too much fees and hiring deputies by 
the month ? 

.'\ friend of Mr. Burton, the printer, at this stage takes 
up the cudgel against Mr. Williamson under the name of 
"Sidney Secundus," in a bit of irony. He places the 
Ciovernor in the cate.yory with (ieorge the Fourth, who was 
going to war with Spain because a Spanish newspaper 
said his majesty was about marrying a young princess 
eighteen years of age, and added "that the news can ex- 
cite no surprise, since there are persons to whom all 
crimes are permitted, and who, although the objects of 
general execration, nevertheless enjoy all the favors of 
fortune." The Spaniards "saw no matter o( prosecution 
in the act alleged," and could not give England satisfac- 
tion by punishing the printer. The writer was at a loss at 
first toknow for what "libellous matter" he was to be called 
before the Supreme Court. But on looking back through 
the papers of Sidney he found that he had charged his 
Excellency with " climbing into the Executive window," 
and as we are told that "he who entereth not by the 



door, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief 
and a robber," there was no manner of doubt that Mr. 
Sidney had been guilty of writing and Mr. Biuton of 
printing "libellous matter'' against Mr. Williamson. 

Now although Sidney had completed his strictures, 
yet Gen. Herrick had something to say. " December " 
had touched him to the quick. He found much fault 
with Mr. Burton for withholding from him the names of 
his scurrilous and malicious slanderers, and thought the 
manner in which he had jierformed the duties of the 
"highly responsible and somewhat difficult office of 
Sheriff for five years, was sufficient answer to their charges. 
That specific allegation of taking $6.61 illegal fees had 
been made against him when he was a candidate for ap- 
pointment, and when the facts were understood had no 
weight, and 'December' knew that a disclosure of the 
whole truth would have convicted him of falsehood, and 
proved the villainous character of the charge." Respect 
for the feelings of others not connected with the discus- 
sion, prevented him from giving the facts himself The 
manifestations of respect of the field officers of the brig- 
ade showed their confidence in him. All the emolu- 
ments of his office made a gross av'erage of $11.3^ per 
annum, from which must be deducted a loss of tw'enty 
per cent, for bad debts and traveling expenses. .Vs his 
supporting his family, paying his debts, and becoming 
rich, were matters of innocent speculation, his enemies 
might pursue it as long as it would give them amusement 
or satisfaction. 

Two other articles from "December" and "Penob- 
scot," brought this exciting controversy to a close. The 
criticism to be made of it is, that, like all political con- 
troversies, where there is some private grief, the principal 
parties did not have sufficient self-control. After the con- 
troversy was over they stood with the public as well as ihey 
did before it began. Governor Williamson had the same 
right to remove General Herrick that Geneial Jackson 
had to remove a great many officers whose term had not 
expired ; and it was well understood that the charges 
against General Herrick were on account of the malfeas- 
ance of some of his subordinates. They both had their 
jiolitical friends and ])olitical enemies, and continued to 
have so long as they continued in political life. They 
were both valuable members of the community. They 
now "rest from their labors, and their works do follow 
them." 

The militia system was considered burthensome by 
many of the people. The men capable of performing 
duty were called out about three times a year, and as 
none but volunteer companies appeared in uniform there 
was nothing to create any enthusiasm in the privates. 
Very few, except very young men aspiring to the offices, 
took any interest in the drill; the appearance of a militia 
company in the street was a subject of burlesque : the 
time spent was considered by many as so much money 
lost; and the annual musters were deemed the occasion 
of much immorality. They afforded great amusement 
to crowds of men, women, and children who came from 
long distances — some to sell pumpkin pies, gingerbread, 
cider, apples, molasses candy, and such other com- 





ci./^^>^^^y€l^y■^(:Z:) 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



6oi 



estibles as a hungry rabble would be compelled to [jur- 
chase for want of better — some to sell liquors — some to 
encour^ige gaming and to gamble — some to sell knick- 
knacks from carts — some to fiddle and some to dance — 
and all to hear the music and the noise and to sec what 
was to be seen. The general and his staff, the field 
officers, and the volunteer companies were the admira- 
tion of the boys and girls and childish adults, and the 
maneuvering of the troops sometimes attracted attention; 
but there was a growing feeling that the benefits derived 
from these dis])lays were not sufificient to warrant their be. 
ing sustained by the State. Consequently much litigation 
grew out of the neglect of individuals to perform military 
dutv when summoned, and some insubordination among 
the officers. 

A court-martial was held at Hampden on November 
10, lor the trial of Colonel Ziba Marsh, of Orono, for 
neglecting to call out his company in 1820; for neglect- 
ing to make out the annual inspection return; for neglect- 
ing to take the oath to qualify him for the duties of his 
office: and for neglecting to call out and appear with his 
company at the muster in October of that year — in 
other words with treating the whole matter with con- 
tempt, and he further manifested his contempt by not ap- 
pearing at the trial, whereupon the court proceeded to 
try and find him guilty of all but the first charge, and to 
sentence him to be divested of his commission and to 
be disqualified from holding any office in the militia for 
five years. It is to be presumed that he treated the 
conclusion with the same contempt with which he had 
treated the preliminaries. 

Captain Rufus Holbrook, of the artillery, also came 
under discipline. He was arrested by Brigadier-General 
Trafton for setting on foot a combination to resist the 
orders of a commissioned officer, for wilfully oppressing 
those under his command, and for other misdemeanors. 
General Herrick relieved Holbrook from arrest and or- 
dered a court of inquiry. 

General Herrick, who had been detained from the 
reviews by the indisposition of his family, from the 
reports made to him of the improvement of the troops 
in discipline and tactics felt it his duty to compliment 
them. 

'l"he receipts for the Theological Seminary between 
April I and October 9, froin subscriptions, donations, 
and jjublic collections, were $1,505.69. 
76 



CHAPTER XV. 

Albion K. Parris Governor of M.iine — Eirlhquake — Wilmot Wood 
— Theological Seminary Subscriptions — Annual Election — Cattle in 
Streets— School Money— Broad-rimmed Wheels^Court of Common 
[ Pleas— Orrington Rifle Company — .\nne.\ation of Frankfort — Drum 
I and Fife Serenaders- .Artillery Election— Captain Holbrook's Court 
of Inquiry-Bangor Bank Sus[>en5ion— Sharp Criticisms— B.ink Re- 
' sumes — Davis & Weed— Main Street— Sale of Pews in First Meeting 
House — Captain Williams's .Artillery Celebrates the "Fourth" — Hon. 
Martin Kinsley .Appointed Judge of Probate — .Academy — Seminary 
Exibition — State Election — Supreme Judicial Court — .Applefotd 
Case— Death of John Emerson— Death of "Lothrop l^wis — Massa- 
chusetts Commissioners — Sheriff Clark becomes Gaoler — Gaol 
Broken— John Godfrey .Appointed Chief Justice Court of Sessions- 
Cattle Show — Postmg Drunkards -Deaf and Dumb Portrait Painter 
— Brewster — .A Young Lady's Poetry. 

1S22. On the 4th of January, 1822, .\lbion K. Parris 
was qualified as Governor of Maine. He was the fifth 
individual who had held that office in the new State 
within the first year of its existence. The first was Wil- 
liam King, elected by the people; the second, \\"illiam 
D. Williamson, the second President of the Senate in 
1821, and, by virtue thereof, was inducted into the Gu- 
bernatorial chair because of the resignation of Governor 
King to accept the office of Commissioner on the Span- 
ish Treaty; the third was Benjamin Ames, Speaker of 
the Hou.se, on whom devolved the duties of Governor 
on Mr. Williamson's resignation to accept a seat in Con- 
' gress; the fourth was Daniel Rose, who was elected Presi- 
dent of the Senate on the assembling of the Legislature 
of 1822, when Mr. Ames's authority ceased; and the 
fifth w-as Albion K. Parris, elected by the people. 

A slight shock of an earthquake was felt in Bangor on 
the 28th between i and 2 o'clock a. m. 

In February Wilmot Wood, from Wiscasset, estab- 
lished himself in Bangor in the practice of law. 

The subscriptions and donations for the Theological 
Seminary between October 9, 1821, and March 9, 1822, 
amounted to $1,604.13. 

.\t the annual meeting Alexander Savage was chosen 
Town Clerk; Amos Patten, Treasurer; William Emerson, 
.•\gent; .-\llen Gilman, Wiggins Hill, and James Tilton, 
Selectmen, Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor; Harvey 
Loomis, Hosea Rich, and .Allen (iilman. Superintending 
School Committee. The amount of moneys appropri- 
ated was, for schools, $800; Rev. Mr. Loomis's salary, 
$840; town charges, $800; for the Bridge Company, 
$400; to build a bridge across the Kenduskeag at Six- 
mile Falls, $200; for highways, $1,500. 

Cattle were prohibited froi'ii running at large in the 
streets within half a mile from the Kenduskeag bridge 
between the first days of December and April, and dur- 
ing the remainder of the year between 8 o'clock P. M. and 
sunrise. 

It was voted to pay the Treasurer $25 for his services 
during the year. 

Moses Patten was refused the privilege of receiving 
and appropriating his proportion of the school money to 
the private instruction of his children. He lived upon 
the Levant road about two miles from any school, and 
sent his children to the Young Ladies' Academy, of 
which Mr. Willard was preceptor. 



6o2 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE.. 



It was voted that the Selectmen allow a premium to 
"any person or persons" who would use exclusively 
"broad-rimmed wheels," not exceeding, however, $6 for 
the first year. 

Ezekiel Whitman, of Portland; Samuel E. Smith, of 
Wiscasset; and David Perham, of Brewer, were ap- 
pointed Judges of the Court of Common Pleas. 

The Orrington Rifle Company on April 5 elected for 
officers David Nickerson, second, captam; Hiram Nourse, 
lieutenant; Seth Eldridge, ensign. They partook of a 
dinner at Captain Atwood's, and among the sentiments 
given was: 

"The Orrington Rifle Company — May their example 
be the means of assisting in the dissemination of that 
patriotism which shall wipe from Penobscot the disgrace 
of former transactions." 

This referred to the affuir at Hampden in 18 14, of 
which military men felt quite enough ashamed. This 
company became remarkably efficient in drill, and at- 
tracted much admiration for years, whenever it appeared. 
Its uniform was of green, and its movements were those 
of a perfect machine. 

An attempt was made this year to procure the annexa- 
tion of Frankfort to Penobscot county. Hancock 
county opposed it, and very much interest was not mani- 
fested by Penobscot county in favor of it; therefore 
Frankfort continued a part of Hancock county until 
Waldo county was incorporated, when it constituted a 
part of that. 

The proprietors of Kenduskeag Point laid out their 
lands into house and store lots, and offered two hundred 
for sale. In their advertisement they say that "the town, 
which till recently was scarcely known, has now a bank, 
Court-house, and other establishments in it of public 
utility, and is assuming rank among the important 
places of business in the new State." 

The village had not yet become so large that two 
people behind that number of drums, with a persistent 
fifer, could fail to make themselves heard by a large por- 
tion ot the population. And as there were at least that 
number of men who during the evenings of the month 
of May devoted their energies to developing the re- 
sources of a great and little drum to a fife accompani- 
ment, it is not to be wondered at that there was at length 
an uprising of such of the people as in consequence of 
the devotion of these men were unable to sleep after 
they had retired to their beds. One unmusical individual 
of this species made a public remonstrance against it, 
declaring that he considered it an evil thing, and a great 
annoyance, that every man, woman, and child in the 
village, whether sick or well, asleep or awake, dead or 
alive, should be compelled, nolens vokns, to become 
hearers." 

The occasion of it, perhaps, was the endeavor of a few 
to keep up the military spirit, which required these noisy 
appliances. The Bangor artillery having lost its captain, 
George W. Brown, by resignation, came together this 
month and elected Lieutenant John \Villiams captain, 
John Sargent, lieutenant; and Daniel Dole, second lieu- 
tenant. Captain Williams possessed much military 



ardor and a firm belief in all expedients necessary to 
create martial enthusiasm. It is not presumed that he 
was the remonstrant against the nocturnal harmonies of 
the drums and fife, who gave utterance to the indignant 
language above quoted. 

The Court of Inquiry ordered by General Herrick re- 
ported that a court-martial for the trial of Captain Hol- 
brook was expedient. It was thought, however, that 
Captain Holbrook would remove from the State and 
avoid the consequences of a finding against him. His 
discharge from arrest by Cieneral Herrick was the occa- 
sion of severe strictures upon the conduct of that officer. 

In June the little community was startled by rumors 
involving the solvency of the Bangor Bank. This insti- 
tution had been established in order to aid the business 
men ; but, the capital being small, it was deemed neces- 
sary, to carry out the intentions of its Directors, to have 
an agent in Boston, and capitalists who would render 
them aid when it was wanted. 

The Directors of the bank were Samuel E. Dutton, 
Eliashib Adams, Thomas A. Hill, John Barker, and Jo- 
seph Leavitt. Mr. Dutton was President, and Mr. 
Adams Cashier. 

The capital stock was $100,000, and divided into 1,000 
shares. Eliashib Adams was the owner of 75 shares; 
John Barker of 30 , Samuel E. Dutton of 200 ; Thomas 
A. Hill of 85; Jose])h Leavitt of 104; Ashur Adams, 
of Boston, of 134; E. T. Andrews, of Boston, of 166 ;' 
John French, of Boston, of 100 ; Martin Kinsley, of 
Hampden, of 20 ; Isaac ('ase, of Levant, of 3 ; S. S. 
Crosby, of Bangor, of 30 ; David J. Kent of 18 ; Moses 
Patten of 5 ; Daniel Kimball of 5 ; John Ciodfrey of 3 ; 
Maine Charity School of 30. The Boston stockholders 
were the agents in that city. Mr. Adams was the acting 
agent, and received a compensation of $350 per annum 
and a commission of a quarter per cent. Messrs. An- 
drews and French assisted in managing the funds, but 
received no compensation. Mr. Adams and some debt- 
ors of the bank failed, consequently sus|3icion arose in 
regard to the effect u])on the bank. The bills had been 
redeemed at the New England Bank, at a discount. 
This bank presently stopped redeeming, and the credit 
of the Bangor Bank suffered. 

There had been the failure of the Castine Bank, of the 
Hallowell Bank, and of other country banks in Massa- 
chusetts, and when the report of the failure of the Ban- 
gor Bank became current in Boston there was much ex- 
citement. A large meeting of the holders of its bills 
was held at the Marlboro Hotel on June 13, and a com- 
mittee was appointed to investigate the proceedings of 
the bank. The newspapers commented severely upon 
the failure, as they called it, and without knowing any- 
thing of the facts, favored the worst suspicions. Messrs. 
Andrews and French were called upon to answer questions 
implying wrong-doing, and representations were made of 
the distress of poor laborers who held the bills and could 
get rid of them only at a large discount, while their fam- 
ilies were crying for bread. 

Messrs. Andrews and French were honorable gentle- 
men, and disposed to do what they could to aid the bank 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



603 



and relieve the community ; but as they could not do 
everything in a day, they published a card, sim])ly deny- 
ing the. imputation of the (juestions, and asking the pub- 
lic to susiiend its judgment until an investigation could 
be made, and giving it as their opinion that the bills 
would be paid in full. The Directors of the bank also 
published a card saying that the losses by the failures in 
Boston were not so great as was at first apprehended, 
and they were making every exertion to resume specie 
payments, which they hoped to be able to do in a few 
months. 

While the investigation was in progress the New Eng- 
land Galaxy — the Thersites of newspapers — under the 
charge of Joseph T. Buckingham, came into the arena. 
"One would think," it said, "to judge from the quantity 
of bills in circulation, that all the specie in the United 
States was de]30sited in Bangor. A person to whom this 
observation was made, remarked that it might be so, but 
he doubted it — Bangor was a little village of about twenty 
buildings, scattered on the banks of the Penobscot River, 
in the same manner that we would suppose a parcel of 
frogs would collect round a mud-puddle in spring. 
There were, three years ago, about as many shop-keepers 
in the place as were wanted for directors of the bank ; 
and they were probably located there for that purpose. 
These store-keepers sell their goods for lumber entirely ; 
they send their lumber to sell here, and with the pro- 
ceeds purchase more goods; that if there was as much 
specie as the bills seem to indicate, it kept in the bank, 
there was none to be seen in the village. Lumber is a 
'legal tender ' there, would buy any goods or pay any 
debts, and that he could not see why they wanted a bank 
at all; unless, indeed, they made their bills payable in 
lumber, and had the bank vaults filled with clapboards, 
shingles, boards, etc." 

This aroused the indignation of a Bangor writer, who 
had feared the reputation of his town would suffer from 
the failure of the bank, but he "did not anticipate such 
terrible destruction! AVhat! to be reduced instanter 
from a thriving and populous town — the shire town of 
the county of Penobscot, having a Court-house, gaol, 
and just now a new and elegant mceling-house, a theologi- 
cal institution, a Voung Ladies' Academy, public and 
private schools, more or less, an athenxum or reading- 
room, a social library, a post-office and printing-office, 
flour-mills, clothing-mills, carding machines (not to men- 
tion saw-mills, for we are allowed to have lumber), and 
most of the useful mechanics; twenty mercantile stores, 
twelve or fifteen wharves, public squares, eight-rod 
streets, etc., etc., to say nothing of eight lawyers and all 
the concomitant evils of sheriffs, notaries, coroners, and 
constables — to be reduced to a little village, to be all 
swept away at one fell swoop, saving and excepting 
twenty buildings, scattered like frogs round a mud-puddle!" 

"But why all this denunciation of Bangor, because, 
forsooth, three men of the great city of Boston and five 
men of the little village of Bangor have issued more 
notes than they were able to redeem ? What ! has no 
person a right to become bankrupt but the merchants of 
Boston ?" 



The Boston Committee made a report on the isth of 
July exonerating the Directors from any unfairness, and 
were satisfied that they had made every exertion to pre- 
serve the credit of the bank; they had given their respon- 
sibility to their agents in Boston for $46,000, and their 
bills were dishonored without notice to provide further 
fund.s. They condemned the practice of country banks, 
which had been adopted by the Bangor bank, of entrust- 
ing the management of the business to agents remote 
from the location of the bank, as in their opinion "preg- 
nant with evil." The Directors had given assurances 
that all their bills of a less denomination than five dollars 
should be paid by the first day of the next October, and 
all others by the first day of the next December, with 
interest on all, and these assurances the committee 
thought might be relied on. Not more than twenty per 
cent, of the capital stock could be absorbed by the losses 
made or apprehended, and they saw no reason to doubt 
the solvency of the bank ; and they had full confidence 
in the honorable intentions of the directors. 

On the 28th of November Thomas A. Hill, per order, 
published a notice in the Boston papers and in the 
Eastern Argus, that the bank had resumed specie pay- 
ments and had abundant means in Boston to continue 
their business with entire security to the public. Mr. 
Leavitt made a note in his journal on December 28, that 
the bank was "in good repute and the stock at par value." 
On June 20 Zadock Davis and Benjamin Weed gave 
notice that they had erected a building near the hay- 
scales on the westerly side of the Kenduskeag, where 
they kept for sale boots, shoes, and leather, and Mr. 
Davis added a gentle hint to his customers that Jline 
was "drawing rapidly to a close." 

At this time John Reynolds's tailoring shop was on the 
southerly side of Main street say forty or fifty feet from 
the corner of West Market Place ; a little further up the 
street was Simon Harriman's blacksmith shop ; next 
were the hay-scales ; then Davis & Weed's building ; 
next Hill & Dole's cabinet-maker's shop (nearly opposite 
the Hatch House) ; next a vacant lot ; next Thomas A. 
Hill's residence; next John Barker's buildings, which ex- 
tended nearly to Water street. There were vacant 
places between the shops and buildings of greater or less 
extent. 

The pews of the First Parish Meeting House were 
sold on June 24 for $10,878. The cost of the land and 
building was about $S,ooo. 

The subscriptions and donations to the Theological 
Seminary between March 9 and June 9, amounted to 
$1,182.16, besides books, papers, and clothing of consid- 
erable value. 

Captain John Williams and his Artillery Company did 
not permit the anniversary of American Independence to 
pass unobserved. At sunrise those citizens who had 
succeeded in sleeping through the uproar created by the 
boys during the night, were aroused by a patriotic peal 
of the guns. At eight o'clock the company ])araded in 
full uniform, and [)erformed a variety of evolutions. At 
noon "they fired a national salute of twenty-four guns, 
which made the welkin ring." At two o'clock they sat 



664 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



down to partake of the green peas of Mr. Chick and 
other dainties that he had provided for their patriotic 
appetites. The sentiments did full honor to the Ameri- 
can Eagle. Among them were: 

"The Day; May it continue a jubilee to the last 
syllable of recorded time. 

"The Signers of the Declaration of Independence: 
May the scroll which preserves their names be held 
sacred, 

" ' Till Nature's self the V.^nclal torch shall raise, 
.■\nd the vast alcove of creation blaze.' 

"The American Fair: May their smiles encourage, 
their hearts admire, and their virtues reward patriotism 
and valor."' 

General Holman, of Massachusetts, and Colonel 
Lewis, of Gorham, Commissioners to survey the four 
ranges of townships north of the Bingham Lottery lands, 
and to explore other lands owned in comnion by Maine 
and Massachusetts, were in Bangor on business connected 
with their commission. 

Hon. Martin Kinsley was appointed by the Governor 
Judge of Probate for the county of Penobscot. 

Luther H. Hills, a prominent merchant, died of pul- 
monary consumption July 14, at the age of thirty-one. 
He had many friends, and his death occasioned great sor- 
row throughout the town. 

On the 17th, the First Parish Meeting House was dedi- 
cated. 

Mr. Chick's green corn came upon the table on the 
31st ot July. 

The Young Ladies' Academy, since Mr. Baldwin left 
it, had been under the charge of Mr. Willard until the 
summer of this year. Mr. Josiah Brewer became the Pre- 
ceptor of the school, and commenced the fall term on 
the 5th of September. 

The annual exhibition of the Theological Seminary oc- 
curred on the 28th of August, in the First Parish house 
of worship. The attendance was large, and the jjerform- 
ances were very satisfactoiy. The candidates for the min- 
istry were Ingalls, Merrill, Shelden, Wilcox, and Chapin. 
Their orations were sensible and entertaining. ' These 
gentlemen obtained settlements and were useful ministers. 

On September 9th occurred the annual election of 
State officers. The vote of Bangor was for Albion K. 
Parris for Governor, 77; Ezekiel Whitman, 31; Joshua 
Wingate, 9. 

For .Senator, Isaac Case received 62 votes; Benjamin 
Nourse, 55. 

For Representative to the Legislature, Samuel Call re- 
ceived 73 votes; Joseph Treat, 45. 

John Wilkins received 60 votes for County Treasurer. 

Governor Par: is was re-elected. Messrs. Case, Call, 
and Wilkins were elected to the offices for which they 
were candidates. 

The Supreme Court commenced its fall session on the 
first Tuesday of October, with Chief Justice Mellen and 
Justice Weston upon the Bench. At this session a case 
was tried which attracted unusual attention. 

Stephen Appleford was indicted for assault and bat- 
tery, the abduction and false imprisonment of a child al- 



leged to be Ruth Ames, the daughter of Daniel and 
Mary Ames, of the age of three years and ten months. 
Attorney-General F'oote conducted the case in behalf of 
the Government, and the celebrated Benjamin Orr, of 
Brunswick, was assigned as the counsel of Appleford. 
The Court-house was thronged during the trial — the 
galleries being filled with ladies. 

The facts proved to the court were, that on the 6th 
day of June Mrs. Ames sent the child to a neighbor's, 
who lived about half a mile distant, to carry a towel. On 
the road was a small wood through which the child 
passed, and the mother watched her until she had gone 
through and nearly reached the house to which she was 
sent. From this time nothing more was seen or heard of 
the child. Alarmed at her not returning, the mother 
went in pursuit of her, and found that she had not been 
to the house, whereupon the neighborhood was aroused, 
and a search was instituted. The people of seven or 
eight of the neighboring towns, hearing of the loss, and 
full of sympathy for the distracted parents, united in the 
search. The woods, the streams, aud every place were 
examined, but without success. As many as three hun- 
dred persons were engaged in the search for two days, 
when they gave it up in despair, believing the child had 
become the food of the wolf or some other ferocious an- 
imal of the woods. 

After the lapse of eleven weeks a report reached the 
parents in Sangerville that a man by the name of Apple- ' 
ford — a sort of vagabond — had appeared in Hallowell 
with a child answering to the description of that they had 
lost. 1 he father immediately went to Hallowell to ascer- 
tain whether it was indeed his. He did not recognize it. 
Its hair was short, while Ruth's was long; and he found 
no scar upon her hand, such as his daughter had; and 
he immediately went home. But the mother had made 
up her mind that it could be none other than her child. 
She clung to this last hope, and would not relinquish it. 
She insisted that the child at Hallowell should be sent 
for and brought to Sangerville. A man by the name of 
Oaks was despatched to Hallowell to bring the child, 
armed with this description of her person: "Description 
of Ruth .\mes, who was lost on the 6lh of June, 1822, 
aged three years and ten months when lost. Middling 
as to size; rather clumsy in body and limbs; very light 
hair; light blue eyes; had scars on its right hand, the 
forefinger, little finger, and thumb; the thumb shorter 
than the other, scarred by burning; was scarred on its 
belly; reels when it walks; could not talk distinctly. 
Taken as Mr. and Mrs. Ames gave in. Guy Carlton." 

The parents told Mr. Carlton they could recollect no 
other mark. Oaks brought the child to Sangerville at 
the instance of the Selectmen, notwithstanding difference 
was found in the length of the thumb,and no distinct marks 
could be found upon it coriesponding to those in the de- 
scription, though some thought there was a slight scar 
on the hand and some marks upon the body. But there 
was a wart, a scar of a boil on the left hip, and a scar of 
vaccination on this child. Oaks testified that, in reply 
to his questions, the child sometimes called her name 
Mary Clifford, sometimes Mary Staflord, and sometimes 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



60s 



Rutli Ames; thnt she named the house to which she was 
sent on the 6th orjmie; that she said that Appleford 
was not. her father; that when brought to Sangerville, Mr. 
and Mrs. Ames, with a crowd of other people, met her 
at a house about a mile distant from their own; that a 
ring was formed about her by persons of both sexes, and 
when she was asked which was her mother she stretched 
her hands towards Mrs. Ames and wished to go to her. 
On the road she had called several middle-aged women 
mother, and one or two old ladies grandmother. Oaks 
said that Appleford claimed that the name of the child 
was Sally Appleford. He followed the child to Sanger- 
ville, and was in the room when the child appeared to 
recognize Mrs. Ames as its mother. 

Mrs. Ames testified that at first she had painful mis- 
givings as to whether it was her child. Her doubts con- 
tinued for several days. But she identified it by its age, 
size, e.xpression of countenance, color of the hair and 
eyes and complexion, by a wart on the left hand, by a 
small scar of vaccination on the left arm, by a scar of a 
boil on the left hip, by slight scars of a scald on the 
breast and abdomen, and by some faint traces of a burn 
on the left hand; that soon after her return the child 
recognized her clothing and toys, among which were 
some bits of calico that she accurately drew from a par- 
cel, leaving the rest as not her own, that she asked for 
calico which was formerly in a basket that she recognized, 
that she gave a correct account of the breaking one of her 
toys, for which she had been chastised, that there were 
instances of her recollecting places, persons, and events, 
although in this she did not manifest any extraordinary 
quickness or excitement, that she was a lively, plajful 
child, and would readily go to any one who showed her 
a kindness, but did not give a clear account of where she 
had been, that she — the mother — now felt confident that 
the child was her own, and had as much affection for 
her as she had for any other of her children. 

It was proved in defense that on the 8th and 9th of 
June, four days after the child was lost, Appleford was 
in Wrentham, Massachusetts, nearly three hundred miles 
from Sangerville, with a child of the apparent size, age, 
and api^earance of that taken from him at Hallowell, 
that when she was taken from him he insisted that she 
was his own flesh and blood, but gave his consent that 
she might be taken to Mrs. Ames to satisfy her that it 
was not the child she had lost. 

He represented himself to be an Englishman by birth, 
that his wife had recently died in the State of New York, 
that he had formerly worked for Dr. Vaughan in Hallo- 
well, that he had lived in Buffalo and in Lewiston, near 
Lake Ontario; that he had left there in the spring with 
the child to come to Hallowell. and that he came by way 
of Albany and received assistance on the way. 

Three or four witnesses testified that he was in Wren- 
tham as early as the loth of June with a child resembling 
this. It was proved that he manifested great affection 
for the child, and that he was anxious in regard to it; 
that he reached Sangerville in advance of her. 

The evidence was such that Mr. Orr was willing to 
submit the case to the jury without remarks. -He, as 



well as many others, were satisfied that a case had not been 
made out, but the jury were not able to agree. 

Appleford was a very ignorant and somewhat simple 
man. He had been confined in jail for his alleged of- 
fence; he had no money, no friends. When the case 
was understood, the sympathies of many went out to him; 
they could not believe that he was other than the father of 
the child, and that the yearning of Mrs. .Xmcs lor her 
lost one had led her to the conclusion that this was her 
child against the fir^t evidence of her senses. 

The interest in the trial was enhanced by the manner 
in which it was tried. The Attorney-General, a con- 
ceited man, with a |)iping voice, but of much ability, suc- 
ceeded in so shaping the evidence as to obfuscate some 
members of the jur)', notwithstanding the efforts of Mr. 
Orr to have it receive its natural construction. The 
sharp repartees and sarcasm of this gentleman would 
have sorely disturbed most men, but the conceit of the 
attorney was proof against all. 

Appleford was ordered to recognize for his appearance 
at the next term of the court. Some gentlemen became 
his bail, and it was not long after the case was reported 
in the newspapers before evidence came from abroad sus- 
taining Appleford's statements conclusively. Rev. John 
Marsh, minister of Haddam, Connecticut, testified that 
he saw Appleford with his child in Attleborough, Massa- 
chusetts, on the 5th of June, and that he said that he 
had buried his wife on the banks of Ontario, and had 
brought Sally in his arms and on his back to that place. 
Robert Anderson, Supervisor of (jaines. New York, cer- 
tified that Stephen Appleford's wife Betsey died there in 
February, 1822, and that Appleford, with his child Sally, 
left and went to parts unknown. A letter from Fitch 
Chamberlain, of Gaines, to a gentleman in Bangor, gave 
the history of Appleford, described the child, stated that 
the parents had been in his employ in harvesting, and 
that he left in March, 1822. Affidavits of Oliver Booth, 
Overseer of the Poor of Gaines, and others, said that the 
family were foreigners and paupers; that the wife died as 
above stated, and the father and child left for Canada, 
but had been heard I'rom traveling East, and fully de- 
scribing the child. 

The evidence received was so conclusive that the At- 
torney-General signified his intention of entering a 7iolle 
prosequi -iX. the next term of the court, and an application 
was made to Judge Weston at Augusta for a writ of 
habeas corpus. It was granted, and Daniel Ames himself 
came to the conclusion that, although it was a very mys- 
terious affair, the child could not be that which he lost. 
He therefore surrendered her with this note: 

To Mr. Stephen .Appleford : This may signify to yon that I volnn- 
tanly give up to you S.M.LV .\PPLEFORD, as she is called, whom you 
claim to be your daughter, and whom I have been required by a writ of 
Habeas Corpus, issued by Judge Weston, to bring belore him immedi- 
alelv — And I do hereby relinquish all claim to said child, and engage 
never more to reclaim her, nor to require any compensation fur her 
board or damages of you for any supposed caption of her, the said S. 

.■\pplcford. 

David .A.mes. 
Sangerville, Feb., 1823. 

On the 4th of October John Emerson, a merchant of 
the firm of John & William Emerson, died. He was a 



6o6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



man of position in the community, and his loss was 
deeply lamented. His age was forty-five. 

In the next week, October 9, occurred the death of 
Hon. Lothroj) Lewis, in this town, at the age of fifty- 
eight. He had tlie confidence of the governments of 
Maine and Massachusetts, and had held several respon- 
sible positions under both. At the time of his death he 
was serving as Commissioner under the act of separation, 
on the part of Maine, in surveying lands, preparatory to 
setting off to Maine those of the value of $30,000 as an 
indemnity for the assumption of payment of the annuities 
to the Penobscot Indians. General Holman was the 
Commissioner on the part of Massachusetts. The resi- 
dence of Colonel Lewis was Gorham. His death was 
sudden and une.xpected. In his death the State lost a 
valuable servant. 

In October Messrs. Lincoln, Bliss, and Holman, of 
Massachusetts, Messrs. Bridge and Porter of Maine, 
Commissioners under the act of separation, with James 
L. Child, Secretary of the Board, made a three days' in- 
spection of the pubhc lands as far as Passadumkeag. 

Major Royal Clark, Sheriff of the county, assumed the 
duties of jailer. But the dignity of the former office 
brought no additional strength to the latter in securing 
prisoners. The Major arose on the morning of October 
1 2th to find that a forger, a fighter, and a thief had each 
walked through the wooden walls of the jail, and left 
nothing for him to do but offer a reward of $40 for their 
return to his keeping. 

John Godfrey was appointed Chief Justice of the Court 
of Sessions, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the res- 
ignation of Enoch Brown. 

On the 17th October the annual cattle show of the 
Penobscot Agricultural Society was held in town. Much 
interest was taken in the exhibition. The committee 
were of opinion that in the eighteen months of its exist- 
ence, the condition of the society was better than that 
of any "of the older and wealthier counties of the State." 
Benjamin Bussey, of Roxbury, and Aniasa Stetson, of 
Dorchester, each gave the society $50. The gift of the 
latter was to be expended in premiums for the best essays 
on clearing new lands, with particular reference to avoid- 
ing injury by fires to lands not intended to be cleared. 

Major Clark was again astonished on the morning of 
the 6th of November to find that a counterfeiter and two 
thieves had manifested their dissatisfaction with their 
quarters and his strict surveillance, by leaving the gaol 
on the night before, and giving him an opportunity to 
offer $100 for their return. At the rate the offers were 
accumulating, it would not be long before they would 
amount to a sum large enough to build a gaol from which 
no prisoner could escape — that is, if the ijrisoners should 
not be captured. 

It was customary in these years for the Selectmen of 
towns to caution retailers of liquor against supplying per- 
sons addicted to excessive drinking, whom they named, 
without regard to the feelings of their families; as if the 
exposure of a person lost to all sense of shame or the 
community would be benefited by it. It would have 
been sufficient to publicly caution the sellers of liquor by 



I 



the glass, not to sell to any such; and avoided subjectingl 
their friends to mortification by publishing their names. 

Mr. John Brewster, a portrait painter, deaf and dumb,! 
and a gentlemanly person, appeared in town in Novem- 
ber, and gave notice that if any would please to call, 
they would " be pleased with the striking likenesses of 
his, and with the reasonableness of his prices," and if 
there was "no application made to him within ten days, 
he would leave the town." Applications were made and 
the prices suited. 

A young lady was informed that she was no favorite of 

the muses, when in good faith she wrote the following 

lines, and many more like them, On the Approach of 

Winter: 

Winter ! stern winter comes in advance 
A month or more 'fore nom'nal time, 
And forces the mind's eye to a glance 
Centripetal, to more Southern clime. 

But, then ! the thoughts on liealth are cast, 
Nay life — chief good to man — of course. 
And bids avoid th' pestiferous blast, 
With more than centrifugal force. 



CHAPTER XVL 

Mr. Williamson in Congress — Movement for Fortifying Penobscot 
River — .Agents for Settlement of Massachusetts's Claim on Account 
of War of 1812 — Annual Town Meeting — Gun-house — Crow Bounty 

— Republican (Democratic) Controversy about Representative to 
Congress — Emerson and Kidder Nominated — Williamson Withdraws 
in P'avor of Somerset — Kidder Elected — Bovee Dods opens a School 
— ^John C. Mayhew Elected Lieutenant of -Artillery — Gaol Limits — 
A Carper — Earthquake — Fourth of July — "Independent Volunteers" 
— Standard Presented — Northwest .■\ venue — School Among the Pen- 
obscot Indians — Singular Confession and Retraction — Unitarian So- 
ciety — Baptist Society — Levi Cram. Elected Captain of Artillery — 
Davis & Weed — General Trafjon's Sword — Senatorial and Represen- 
tative Divisions — .State Election — Hammond Street Cemetery Dis- 
continued — Death of John Giddings — Singular Case of Mr. Gotobed 
et al. — Death of Nathan Parsons — Agricultural Society E.xhihition — 
Bangor Bank — Daniel Co'.e Elected Captain of .'Vrtillery — Mr. 
Coburn and Bangor Academy E.xhibition — William Hammatt — 
Gilman Harrim.an— John Reynolds — Complaint of the Land Agent 

— Loafers — Je.alousy — Indians — Candidates for Representative and 
Electors — General Treat Elected to the Legislature — Adams Elec- 
tors Chosen in the County — Brewer Congregational Meeting-house 
Built — Newell Bean, Gaoler — Abel M. Quimby. Preceptor — Davis & 
Weed — Lumber Business — Good Season. 

1823. Mr. Williamson called the attention of Con- 
gress to the defenseless situation of the people upon the 
Penobscot River in the time of war, and obtained the 
passage of a resolve in the House that the President be 
required to cause a survey to be made of the Bay and 
river, and to determine in regard to the expediency of j 
constructing a battery or other fortification in or near] 
Prospect, on the west side of the river. 

This was the inception of the measures that resulted 
in the erection of Foit Knox, a work that is much neg- 
lected, while by this time it should be near completion. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



607 



Mr. Zadock Davis, shoe-dealer, published his pro- 
nunciamento to his debtors in January, 1823. His al- 
lusions, to lawyers and deputy sheriffs contained much 
that was alluring to those useful members of society, 
while they had a stimulating effect upon many delinquent 
men of business, who were standing u[)on foundations 
made by him and his partner — Weed — and which only 
lawyers and deputy sheriffs could shake. 

The Governor and Council appointed William King 
agent on the subject of claims for reimbursement to 
Massachusetts of expenses incurred in the War of 1S12, 
and John Godfrey and Isaac Hodsdon to settle the claims 
assigned by Massachusetts to this State for Penobscot 
county. 

At the annual town meeting ^Viggins Hill, James 
Tilton, and Isaac Hodsdon were elected Selectmen and 
Overseers of the Poor; Alexander Savage was elected 
Town Clerk; Amos Patten, Treasurer: John Godfrey, 
Town .\gent; Harvey Loomis, William I). Williamson, 
and Hosea Rich, Superintending School Committee. 
The number of Tythingmen had now become reduced 
to three. These were Eliashib Adams, Royal Clark, 
^\'illiam Lowder. Moneys were appropriated for schools, 
$1,200; for highways, $2,000; for town charges, $600; for 
repair of bridge over brook above Lover's Leap, $25. 

The gun-house stood on land at the intersection of 
Hammond and High streets. A committee was raised to 
ascertain what title could be obtained to that land. 

On the same day the town voted to pay a bounty of 
twenty-five cents for each crow killed in town. 

A difficulty arose between the Republican electors of 
Somerset and Penobscot in regard to a candidate for 
Representative to Congress from this District. A con- 
vention at Dexter, on March 6th, nominated William 
Emerson, of Bangor; another convention at Norridge- 
wock, on March 12th, nominated David Kidder, of Nor- 
ridgewock. 

The reasons given for this last nomination were that 
Somerset was the elder and larger county of the two, and 
entitled to the first Representative; that the representa- 
tives of the two counties at Portland, when it was ar- 
ranged to have the convention at Dexter, so understood 
it; that on the day of the convention there was a violent 
storm of rain, and " the delegates from the county of 
Penobscot, taking advantage of their local situation and 
the inclemency of the weather, were, in the midst of 
power, disposed to forget right; and that then, after 
several trials, Mr. Emerson was nominated by a majority 
of but one. 

By no less than five friends of Mr. Emerson were most 
of these statements denied; it was said that his nomin- 
ation was perfectly fair ; that he "was honest, capable, 
had ever been the friend of the people, and done more 
for the section of the country wheie he lived than any 
other man." But a friend of Mr. Williamson did not ap- 
prove the nomination of a supporter of a duellist — Mr. 
Crawford — for the Presidency, as Mr. Emerson was, when 
Mr. \\'illianison, "a man of moral and religious prin- 
ciple,'' who from principle would sujifjort the best man for 
President, had "represented Penobscot in the last Con- 



gress to the entire satisfaction of all his constituents." 
15ut Mr. Williamson withdrew his name in favor of 
Somerset. 

On March 17th, Gorham Parks gave notice that he 
had established himself in Bangor as an attorney at law. 

In the course of the canvass for Representative to Con- 
gress, Mr. Kidder, or some other person, was charged 
w'ith ransacking the purlieus of the Court-house in Nor- 
ridgewock, and assembling twenty-four men from differ- 
ent towns, who voted unanimously as a convention to 
supiiort David Kidder for Congress. Mr. Kidder took 
fire at this as "slander and billingsgate abuse heaped 
upon him personally," and pronounced the charge, so tar 
as it respected himself, "an absolute falsehood; and the 
writer, whoever he might be, a liar and calumniator." 
.Mr. Kidder had not probably been long in the political 
arena, or he would have saved his dignity bv ])etmitting 
his friends to take care that their candidate stood right 
before the |)ublic, and kept himself to himself 

The day fixed for the voting for Representatives was the 
7th of April. Mr. Emerson received in Bangor, 99 votes; 
Mr. Kidder, 68; there were 3 scattering. Mr. Kidder 
was elected in the district. 

The famous John Bivee Dods — John Dods Bovee — 
opened a school in April, to teach " the English grammar 
on an improved plan," by which he alleged that as much 
knowledge could be communicated in twelve lessons as 
was usually taught in several months by the common 
mode. Conditions, $3 for ladies, and $5 for gentlemen. 
It did not come to light that Bangor contained, after the 
labors of Mr. Dods were completed, any better or larger 
number of grammarians than other towns of the same 
size. 

iMr. Zadock Davis gave notice that those notes and 
accounts that had not been attended to were at the office 
of Mr. Williamson. 

John A. Mayhew was elected lieutenant of the Bangor 
.'\rlillery, vice John Sar'gent, resigned. 

On the question of extending the gaol limits to the 
exterior boundary of the county, on the petition of a 
large number of respectable inhabitants, the laws relating 
to the jurisdiction of the Court of Sessions in the matter 
were examined, and that court "reluctantly came to the 
conclusion that they had not the power to grant the 
prayer of the petitioners.'' 

Some carper was disturbed by the activity of Bangor 
at this period, and published a letter upon the subject 
which he professed to have found m the street, in which 
the writer says: "Bangor is certainly the busiest town I 
ever was in; there is no cessation to motion except for a 
few hours in the dead of night. SuinUiy, which in other 
places is a day of rest, is here the business day of the 
week. To give you a specimen — last Sunday, the first 
thing in the morning the bell rang for the Sunday-school, 
next the forenoon meeting, then a prayer-meeting, then 
the afternoon r-neeting, then a meeting for sailors on 
board a vessel (Bethel I think they call it), then an even- 
ing lecture at the meeting-house, and finally a church 
meeting at the academy. Religion, or at least meetings, 
are much in vogue here. I am told they have several 



6o8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






meetings in the course of the week, besides those on 
Sunday. On Monday evening they have an enquiry 
meeting, Tuesday I do not know that they have any, on 
Wednesday a conference meeting, on Thursday preach- 
ing by the students of the Theological Institution, on 
Friday the female prayer meeting; I have not learned 
the particular business of Saturday. Besides the above 
they have monthly |)rayer meetings, and I do not know 
how many other meetings. 

"The different doctrines and tenets of the different 
orders of Christians are common subjects of conversa- 
tion.'' 

On June loth the shock of an earthquake was felt 
about ten minutes before 12 o'clock m. Its duration 
was estimated by various persons at from twenty seconds 
to a minute. Its course was southerly — the earth trem- 
bled, and the sound was like that of thunder. A vessel 
in the harbor ajjpeared to the master to be sailing at the 
rate of five knots, and rubbing over a pebbly bottom, 
and the water arose eight inches bv the wharves and 
subsided immediately. It occasioned a very general 
terror, and some persons suffered from a disagreeable 
sensation in the head. 

On Sunday, 15th, Rev. Mr. Storer, of Cambridge, of 
the Unitarian denomination, preached in the town. 

The Fourth of July was celebrated this year by the 
usual matutinal uproar of the boys, the clanging of bells, 
and the thunder of guns, the parading of Captain Wil- 
liams and his company of artillery, and several public 
dinners, including that of Mr. Chick, witli the green 
peas, of which the young men jjartouk with patriotic and 
gustatory ardor. 

But this was the last anniversary of American Inde- 
pendence that Captain Williams was to celebrate in that 
capacity. Major David J. Bent, having resigned the 
office of Major on the 15th, Captain Williams was pro- 
moted to that office, with which he was very much 
])leased. 

Several young men felt it a duty to keep the military 
spirit alive, and organized a company of light infantrv, 
which they called the Inde|)endent Vohmteets. On the 
nth of July under the command of Captain Zebediah 
Rogers, they marched to what is now Emerson street, 
and, when ojjposite the residence of Judge Dutton, were 
presented with an elegant standard (painted by Hardy) 
by Miss Julia Dutton — in behalf of the young ladies — 
who made an address, in which, among other things, she 
said : 

Tlie young ladies of Bangor, yet retaining a fresh recollection of the 
horrors e.\ciled by an invading enemy in war, and fully appreciating 
the blessings of civil freedom and liberty enjoyed in common, and that 
se.V upon whom they must at all limes depend for protection ; and feel- 
ing a deep interest for the welfare of our common country, avail them- 
selves of the present opportunity for interchanging with yoti the senti- 
ments essential to the existence of every happy political government, 
by respectfully presenting to you this standard. . . . We 
do not exhort you to study war and destruction ; we invite vou to prac- 
tice the principles and enjoy the pleasures of virtuous peace. 

Ensign David Nye received the standard, and, after 
thanking the fair donors, said: 

We are proud of your compliments, and we hope to deserve them. 
We wish, as you do, for peace, but we know that in order to secure it 



we must be prepared for war, and let it come when it will, the enemy ' 
shall find that we strike our colors only to those by whom they were 
presented !" 

The soldierly appearance and i)erformances of the 
company excited much admiration. And it was meet 
that they should afterward sit down to one of Colonel 
Lumbert's best dinners, witfi several of their friends, and 
enjoy themselves after the manjner of soldiers under such 
circumstances. 

This year the road from the pine tree at the ferry-way, 
thence running northwesterly through Hermon and 
other towns to Exeter, called the "Northwest Avenue," 
was contemplated, and Samuel Lowder, Jr., William 
Emerson, James McLaughlin, and others, originated a 
movement for its laying-out. 

Much interest was felt in the Penobscot Indians, and 
a society was formed in March, this year, for their im- 
provement. Rev. Professor John Smith was made Presi- 
dent; Rev. Harvey Loomis, Vice-President; Mr. Daniel 
Pike, Secretary; Deacon Stephen S. Crosby, Treasurer; 
Rev. Otis Briggs, Rev. Professor Fowler, and Messrs. 
Jacob McGaw, Wilmot Wood, Ebenezer Webster, Joseph 
Treat, and Royal Clark, with the other officers, were' 
constituted a Board of Managers. 

In July the society had a school in operation at Old- 
town, under the charge of Mr. Josiah Brewer, late Pre- 
ceptor of the Bangor ,\cademy. About thirty children 
attended the school. These children had never been 
under any restraint, and the utmost patience was required 
in training them. It was very difficult to induce them to 
give their attention to any particular study for more than 
a few minutes at a time. The least occurrence would 
divert their mind, and in the midst of a lesson they 
would run away, and return when the mood suited them. 
The society was fortunate in obtaining the services of 
Mr. Brewer. He loved the work, was kind and pa- 
tient, and by his gentle, persuasive manner succeeded in 
accomplishing much good. 

The tribe consisted of about three hundred persons. 
They were poor and degraded. The men continued 
their old customs of hunting and fishing, and the women 
wove baskets. Their dwellings were wretched wigwams 
and cabins, and the comforts of civilized life were not 
appreciated by them. The purpose of the society was to 
inspire them with some ambition for a better condition, 
morally, intellectually, and physically. But they had to 
depend upon small contributions and the assistance of 
ladies by the needle in clothing the children. The man- 
agers e.xpected to derive about $100 a year from sub- 
scriptions of members. The funds realized were not 
sufficient to maintain a teacher for a great length of time, 
and Mr. Brewer, after a few months' labor, went into the 
employ of the American Board of Foreign Missions, and 
spent a considerable portion of his life in Syria, believing 
that he could accomplish more good as a missionary 
than in any other way. 

From notices published in the Register, Mr. James 
Mason appears to have taken advantage of his opportu- 
nity to humiliate Mr. Stephen Crosby. A notice "To 
whom it may concern" appeared on July 31, signed by 
the latter individual, in this form : — 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



609 



Wlierens I have reported false stories about James Mason, I do ac- 
knowledge tliat I have done wrong, and promise, by his forgiving me 
for my uiljust treatment towards him at this time, tliat I never will re- 
port any more stories about liim, or any other person, whetlier they aie 
true or not — but will behave well and speak well of my neighbors, or 
sav nothing about them, unless I can say something for their benefit, to 
promote their estimation before the world at large. 

The unusual character of this document nuist have 
obtained for Mr. Crosby a pecuhar kind of notoriety, if 
he were not a public man before. Under a Dickens's 
hand he might have attained as conspicuous a position as 
that of Uriah Heep, had he not thought better of his 
literary effort during his journey and taken the earliest 
ojiportunity after his return to assert his manhood, as he 
did in this wise : — 

"Toallwhomit may concern." My signature was obtained to a 
publication bearing the above inscription by means of threats to prose- 
cute me for defamatory words said to have been spoken by me towards 
James Mason. I am not conscious of having spoken anything but 
truth relative to Mr. Mason, or any other person. I regret my weak- 
ness in consenting to do wrong through fear of expense, for fear of be- 
ing detained while on a journey that I had commenced when 1 was in- 
duced to sign said proper. 

In August the Independent Congregational Society 
engaged Rev. Mr. Fessenden, of Cambridge, to preach 
for them. This society was composed of Unitarians, 
and on tlie 2 2d engaged the Court-house for the purpose 
of religious worship. 

The Baptists were at this time increasing in number, 
and had occasional preaching. Professor Briggs, of 
Waterville, sometimes supplied their desk. 

In consequence of the promotion of Captain \\'illiams 
to the rank of Major, it was necessary that his place 
should be supplied, and Adjutant Levi Cram was elected 
Captain of Artillery. 

Davis & Weed were becoming impatient with some of 
their customers for withholding their dues, and threiv 
this bone to the lawjs agents: "Unless something is 
done to prevent it, it will be next to impossible to keep 
the lawyers' and deputies' fingers ofif their notes and 
accounts many days longer." 

Some warlike person of bad memory obtained pos- 
session of Brigadier-General Trafton's sword, and de- 
tained It so unreasonably that that industrious officer 
was compelled publicly to beg him to return it, that he 
might have it in season for the approaching review. 

A little division occurred among the Republicans in 
regard to a nomination for Senator. They met at the 
Court-house on the 26th of August, and the delegation 
froin Hampden after objecting to the appointment of the 
representation withdrew to Mr. Chick's tavern, accom- 
panied by the Orrington delegation, with delegates from 
other towns, and nominated Benjamin Nourse for Sena- 
tor, and a member ol the regular convention said "they 
appointed a committee of some they deemed the most 
sonorous and inlluential names in the county to assign 
reasons for this unwarrantable, and, till of late, anoma- 
lous proceeding.' The President of the new convention 
was Joseph Carr; Secretary, J. Herrick. The "sonorous 
names " were J. Herrick, S. Stetson, J. Carr, Thomas A. 
Hill, John Farrington, S. Fowler, Jr., and William Upton. 
The President of the original convention was William D. 
Williamson; Secretary, Isaac Hodsdon. This conven- 
77 



tion nominated Daniel Wilkins for Senator and elected 
him. 

The meeting for choice of Covernor and Senator oc- 
curred September 8. The vote of Bangor for Albion K. 
Parris for Governor was 78, scattering 6. For Senator 
Wilkins received 54 votes, Nourse 47. The Hampden 
vote was lor Wilkins, 53 ; for Nourse, 115 ; in Orring- 
ton all, 55, were for Nourse; in Brewer, 28 for Wilkins, 
32 for Nourse. 

On the 6th the famous Rifle Company, of Orrington, 
elected Hiram Nourse Captain, via Nickerson, promoted 
to Colonel ; Seth Eldridge, Lieutenant ; Archelaus D. 
Atwood, Ensign. 

A division arose in regard to Representative to the 
Legislature. There were four candidates, Samuel Call, 
Paul Dudley, Wiggins Hill, and Amos Patten. At the 
first trial there was no choice. Paul Dudley had 51 
votes; Samuel Call, 40; Wiggins Hill, 6; Joseph Treat, 
4; Ebenezer Webster, 2; Edmund Dole, 2; Wilmot 
Wood, 2; Amos Patten, i; J. Jording, i; Abner Taylor, 
i; Benjamin Nourse, i; Simon Harriman, i. At the 
next balloting, September 19, Ebenezer Webster re- 
ceived 68 votes; Samuel Call, 32; Wiggins Hill, 16; 
Amos Patten, 15; Wilmot Wood, 6. Mr. Webster hap- 
pily concentrated a majority of the votes in the District, 
and was elected. 

On the 13th of October the town voted to discontinue 
the cemetery on Hammond street, above the county 
buildings, and to hire $1,000 and purchase two lots on 
the Hampden road, on the hill south of the block below 
Emerson street, of Messrs. Emerson & Hill and of John 
Barker, for a cemetery. 

Mr. John Giddings, a citizen of many years, died on 
the 15th of September, at the age of forty-three. He 
was the father of Moses Giddings, Esq., the present ef- 
ficient President of the Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad. 

Samuel Lowder offered for sale from sixty to seventy 
house lots centrally and pleasantly situated on the west 
side of the Kenduskeag. 

Two persons were taken before Mr. Justice William- 
son, one on a charge of passing counterfeit money, and 
the other, who was thought to be an accomplice, as a 
witness. The former said his name was Matthew M. 
Gotobed; the other declined to give his name, and the 
magistrate was of opinion that he "was not obliged to 
answer to that point." This witness, of course, knew 
nothing about his accomplice passing counterfeit money, 
and as no further questions were asked, Mr. Gotobed was 
permitted to depart. He appears to have been taken up 
merely on suspicion. He had been begging money down 
the river, under pretense that a partner, of whom he was 
in search, had ran away from Newark and defrauded him 
of a large sum ot money, and that he was out of means. 
Both he and his companion were "well dressed and of 
decent manners," but, notwithstanding the discharge, 
Mr. Burton said "there can be no doubt but they are 
cheats and impostors." They created a sensation in the 
village, and the circumstances and manner of the ex- 
amination were unique. 

i\lr. Nathan Parsons, an old citizen, who had been an 



6io 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



officer in the war of the Revolution, died in October, at 
the age of seventy-one. 

The Penobscot Agricultural Society held its annual ex- 
hibition on the 2d of October. An address was delivered 
by Hon. Mr. Williamson. A straw bonnet, made by 
Miss Thayer, of Hampden, obtained the premium for 
that description of manufacture, and was deemed to pos- 
sess such merit for " elegance" that Messrs. Hill & Mc- 
Laughlin obtained it for sale and made it the subject of 
a special advertisement. 

The Bangor Bank had a revolution in its management 
at this time. William D. Williamson became its Presi- 
dent; John Wilkins its Cashier, vice Eliashib Adams, re- 
signed; Samuel E. Button, Thomas A. Hill, Mark 
Trafton, with the President and Cashier, were the 
Directors. 

The election of Levi Cram to the captaincy of the 
Bangor Artillery was set aside for some cause, and 
Lieutenant Daniel Dole was elected Captain, and Jere- 
miah Eldridge Lieutenant. 

During about a fortnight after the loth of November 
the weather was so cold that the ice commenced running 
in the river, and it was feared that a fleet of twenty-three 
vessels in port would be detained until spring. There 
came a change in the temperature, however, and by the 
23d all the vessels had departed. 

The Young Ladies' Academy, which, after Mr. Brewer 
had left it to teach the Indian school at Oldtown, had 
been under the charge of Mr. Coburn, was examined on 
November 27 by the Trustees, in the presence of many 
of the parents and friends of the school. The visitors 
were delighted with the appearance of the school, which 
was quite well prepared for the occasion. The compo- 
sitions attracted much attention on account of their ex- 
cellence and supposed originality, "and it was a matter 
of regret that darkness prevented the reading of any 
part of them, since such as were read gave striking evi- 
dence ot genius, good sentiment, and correct writing." 
The most severe criticism made was "that a few did not 
speak sufficiently audible." Mr. Coburn thought that 
"young masters and misses of so much promise might 
well be valued by society as its best blossoms." 

In November and December, William Ham matt, of 
Scituate, Massachusetts, put into the market settling 
lands in what is now Howland, describing them as bet- 
ter lands than any in the old colony, and inviting young 
men who worked to make themselves independent, "with 
no tool but an axe, and no stock in trade but honesty, 
industry, and sobriety," to establish themselves there. 



CHAPTER XVII. "" 

Music and Poetry — Thornton McGaw — A Portland Writer on the .Sem- 
inary — He is Replied To — A Snarler — .Annual Town Meetings — 
Seven School Districts Established — .Samuel Call Appointed Indian 
Agent, and James Irish Land Agent — Another Concert — Military 
Men Indignant at Rations — Hill & Starrett — First Steamboat —Ex- 
cursion to Bucksport — Captain Porter — Death of Major Treat — 
Great Change of Temperature— Professor Holland Sings — Lover's 
Leap Romance — Timber Thieves Punished — Boston Banks " Run " 
on Bangor Bank and Others — The P'ourth at Mattanawcook — Rapid 
Transit — William D. Williamson .Appointed Judge of Probate, vice 
Kinsley, Disqualified by Being Seventy — Penobscot Gazette Estab- 
lished — ^Joseph Treat Elected Brigadier-Cieneral — Exhibition of Theo- 
logical Seminary — Criticism. 

1824. The musical people were disposed to have the 
year open harmoniously, however it might continue. 
Henry Call, J. P. Dickinson, and Levi Cram, a commit- 
tee of arrangements of the Bangor Singing Society gave I 
notice that the society would give a concert of sacred j 
music at the meeting-house on the evening of the 20th, 
when they would perform "Sons of Zion," "Scotland," 
"Strike the Cymbal," "Dying Christians," "Judgment 
Hymn," .Sound the Loud Timbrel," and many other like 
pieces. And the concert was given. Mr. Daniel Pike 
sometimes officiated as conductor of the concerts at this 
period, and was peculiarly gifted in time (being a civil 
engineer), and his voice was about as good as rnight be 
expected. 

And Mr. Zadock Davis opened his throat in song — for 
the firm of Davis & Weed was to be immortalized by 
that eminently poetical advertiser — and astonished the 
delinquent customers of the firm with this enunciation: 

Davis & Weed, in time of need. 

Must work their bills by square-root; 
-And those who may refuse them pay — 

They'll leave them to go bare-foot. 

Thornton McCraw was admitted to practice as an attor- 
ney at the January term of the Court of Common Pleas. 

A writer in the Christian Mirror, the organ of the Con- 
gregationalists in Portland, was much disturbed in re- 
gard to the Theological Seminary in Bangor. He had 
ever thought that this plan was not the best to afford to 
the multitudes, who are perishing for want of religion, the 
means of obtaining it. He was moved by the successful 
efforts that were making to raise $12,000 to establish a 
professorship, and gave it as his opinion that the amount 
could not be raised; and if it could, there would be 
nothmg to support the institution hereafter; and there 
was a powerful opposition to it in the denomination. The 
plan of the institution was not a good one. "It seems 
to be a college, a theological institute, and an academy; 
and yet nothing is more evident than that it is neither of 
these." Why adhere to this to the injury of the Congre- 
gational cause, where there might be a more useful in- 
stitution that would invite the whole denomination, "and 
be reputable to the State?" The pith of his objection is 
contained in this sentence: "As I am called upon to 
give money or assign my reasons for not doing it, I pre- 
fer to do the latter." 

Another writer very calmly considers the objections 
to the Seminary — among them that the education which 
it would afford, if it should become permanent, would be 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



6ii 



superficial, and sets forth the advantages to be derived 
from the studies taught by the student, and to the portion 
of the State in which it was situated. Its object was not 
to be lost sight of, to provide good, judicious ministers, 
of good abihties and ardent piety, if not the most refined 
education, for the destitute churches and congregations 
in the State. It had sent out already eighteen 
young men, and no one had been out of employment. 
The writer disclaimed the design of writing a disserta- 
tion in favor of the institution ; he simply wished to pre- 
sent its position and object in its proper light, to enable 
the friends of morality and religion to determine whether 
they could appropriate a portion of their religious 
charity where it would be more immediately and ex- 
tensively beneficial to their fellow-men ; and whether 
"any portion of the human race had a stronger claim on 
their sympathy and benevolence than their destitute 
brethren and fellow-citizens in the eastern section of 
Maine." 

The people of Portland, in their best mood, could not 
avoid depreciating the people of Eastern Maine. It is 
a little singular, with their views of the benighted con- 
dition of these people, that any should object to a plan 
for lifting them from their state of heathen degradation, 
while they were so liberal in their contributions for the 
purpose of converting the heathen in Hindostan ! 

Rev. David Thurston, of Winthrop, reviewed the 
article of the first writer, in regard to the advantages of 
the Seminary, its prosperity, prospects, etc. There were 
various views among the Congregationalists as to what 
kind of an institution it should be; whether one of the 
highest, the lowest, or intermediate grade of schools. It 
was concluded to adopt the intermediate, as according 
with the majority of opinions, and on the principle that 
"the middle way is the best," and had a fair prospect of 
receiving the united support of the Congregationalists. 
The Trustees were desirous that it should be so managed 
as to receive the favor, not only of all the orthodox, but 
of all the friends of learning, morality, and order." 
Many who had opposed it, were now favoring it. 

This discussion among the friends of the object of the 
institution was sure to bring out the snarlers. One 
"James" was very desirous that the Professors, the char- 
acter, capacity, and views of the managers, the grade of 
the students as to ability and moral character, and the 
reputation and usefulness of the graduates should be 
inquired into, that the contributions of the " widow knit- 
ting till midnight, depriving herself and children of the 
necessaries of life '' might not be misappropriated ! 

The annual meeting for town purposes was held on 
March 8th. Alexander Savage was elected Clerk; Amos 
Patten, Treasurer; John Godfrey, Agent; James Tilton, 
Isaac Hodsdon, Newell Bean, Selectmen and Assessors; 
Harvey Loomis, Allen Oilman, and Wilmot ^Vood, Super- 
intending School Committee. 

The town was divided into seven school districts, and 
their limits were defined. 

Samuel Call, of Bangor, was appointed an Agent of 
the Penobscot Indians, and James Irish, of Ciorham, 
Land Agent of the State. 



The musical people received sufficient encouragement 
at the concert in January to induce them to give another 
on the evening of ."^pril ist. Fast Day. " Denmark " 
and " Cambridge " were in the programme for this oc- 
casion. 

The military men were indignant at the passage of a 
law requiring the Selectmen of towns to deliver on the 
day of inspection and review to each member of a mili- 
tary company one ration, to consist of one pound of 
meat, one pound of bread, and one gill of spirits, or 
pay him in lieu thereof twenty-five cents; and at a meet- 
ing of officers and soldiers of the Fifth Regiment at 
Dover, in March, Brigadier-General Mark Trafton in the 
chair and Adjutant James S. Holmes Secretary, it was 
unanimously resolved that it would not be beneficial to 
the soldiers of the regiment, and as they paid a principal 
part of the taxes, they did not deem it for their interest, 
and therefore refused to " accept the provisions which 
they were authorized by law to receive." 

George Starrett, in connection with Thomas A. Hill, 
opened a law office in May ; their firm name was Hill & 
Starrett. 

In this month Bangor was visited by a steamboat for 
the first time. Steamboating was in its infancy. A boat 
had been run between Portland and Boston successfully, 
called the "Legislator." A company called the "Ken- 
nebec Steam Navigation Company," had been organized 
in Bath, of which Captain Porter was the principal agent, 
and were extending their business as patronage warranted. 
The company had a small steamer called the Maine,* of 
no marvelous capacity or beauty, which they sent up to 
Bangor, under Captain Smith Cram, formerly of Mont- 
ville. She arrived on the evening of Sunday, the 23d, 
and created much excitement, as no previous notice had 
been received that it was contemplated to send a boat up 
the river. 

But perhaps it was as well for the proprietors that the 
people were taken by surprise. .An excursion to Bucks- 
port was at once proposed, and as there were sufficient 
persons in town desirous to know all about the affair, 
a party of 120 was easily obtained to run all risks of be- 
ing blown up — explosion being then deemed a quality of 
a steamboat — and make the voyage. At nine o'clock 
the boat was underway; at noon it arrived at Bucksport, 
where it remained about one hour. At night it was 
safely moored again in the harbor of Bangor. An excel- 
lent dinner was provided, and Captain Porter, who un- 
derstood the amenities of life, did all in his power to 
render the trip agreeable. Particularly did he enjoin it 
upon the excursionists to "Drive Dull Care Away," and 
repeatedly sang the song with that name to give empha- 
sis to the injunction. 

The Maine was afterward put upon the route, and ran 
between Bangor and Portland occasionally during the 
season. 

On May 27th, Major Treat died at the age of seventy- 



* She measured only one hundred and five Ions, and was constructed 
from the hulls of two schooners, with beams across each. Her cost, 
*ilh second-hand engine, was $13,000. Hon. J. Williamson's History 
of Belfast, 655. 



6l2 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



two. He was born in Boston on July 14, 1752, where 
he resided until he was seventeen years of age, when he 
came to Prospect with an elder brother, who was an 
armorer in Fort Powiiall. In 1774 he came to Bangor. 
He was then twenty-two years of age. He tirst located 
in a cabin at the foot of what is now Newbury street. 
Afterward he removed up to the Penjejawock Stream, 
near the head of the tide, where, as appears in the early 
part of this history, he carried on an extensive traffic, 
acted as interpreter with the Indians, and built vessels. 
He resided for many years in a handsome frame dwel- 
ling at the Falls (where are now the Water Works) 
which bear his name, and there died. This dwelling 
was afterward enlarged by his son. General Joseph Treat, 
and converted into a hotel, called the "Rose Place." 
The establishment was finally destroyed by fire. Major 
Treat was an enterprising citizen, and left a handsome 
estate. 

On the last Tuesday of May the mercury was at 20° 
below the freezing point at sunrise; on the first Tuesday 
of June it was at 86 above zero. 

Bangor became so much interested in sacred music 
that Professor Holland, a singer from somewhere, took 
advantage of it, and with the aid of the Bangor people 
tried his skill in "Strike the Cymbal," "Sound the Loud 
Timbrel," "Vesper Hymn," etc., with some success. Mr. 
John Fiske and Mr. John Bright took an interest in this 
concert. The price of admission was the then unusual 
sum of fifty cents each. 

The Selectmen, having advertised for proposals to ring 
the bell of Mr. Loomis's meeting-house three times a 
day, etc., and having employed Mr. Hayden to perform 
that service, were somewhat disthrbed on finding that 
the person whom they had contracted with to use the 
property of a private corporation for the public benefit 
was threatened with a criminal prosecution for so doing 
by Mr. Loomis, whereupon they (Messrs. Tilton, Hods- 
don, and Bean) assured the inhabitants of the town that 
"THIS bell will be no longer rung at their expense, until 
some new arrangement is made on the subject." 

About this time lovers haunted " Lover's Leap," and 
the following came of it : 

Lines copied from a tree in a beautiful and romantic spot on tlie 
banks of the Kenduskeag. 

Miss 
Thy beauty rivals all the classic pride 
Of sculptured forms that taste has deified ; 
Love's earliest light plays timidly and shy 
In the soft lustre of that gentle eye ; 
Yet have I dared, thou most enchanting maid. 
T* inscribe thy name within this hallowed shade. 
Inscription copied from a tree near Lover's Leap : 

Miss 
Of lovely Sophia's eyes beware, 
Mirth and mischief mingle there ; 
I with her have careless laugh'd, 
Nor fear'd shy beauty's dangerous shaft ; 
But pensive now I linger here, 
To trace a name forever dear. 

At the session of the Supreme Court in June, Chief 
Justice Mellen sentenced James Clark and Edward 
Lawrence to twenty-five days' imprisonment and costs for 
an aggravated assault in the night-time upon Samuel 



Stetson. They had trespassed upon land of which Stet- 
son had the care. They afterwards disguised themselves 
as Indians, and, imitating the language and manner of 
those people, were removing the timber they had cut, 
when they detected Stetson watching to ascertain 
who they were, whereupon they attacked and beat him 
with clubs, with which they were armed. In passing 
sentence the Judge gave them this wholesome advice: 

You ought to know and remember that this practice of secretly dep- 
redating on lands to which you have no claim, and carrying away the 
timber you have collected there, is, in the eye of Heaven, no less than 
stealing. It is a shameful violation of the rights of others and defiance 
of Justice and Law. . . How can you answer it to your wives 
and children, who may, and probably must be, lek without protection, 
and be deprived of their ordinary comforts, during that imprisonment 
which you will soon be sentenced to suffer for your misconduct ? 

Let this be a warning to you, never again to attempt to gain prop- 
erty by plundering and then to defend your plunder, and endeavor to 
save yourselves from detection by abuse and violence. 

It had been a practice among a kind of squatters in 
the county to appropriate the lumber upon the lands of 
proprietors as if it were their own. At length the atten- 
tion of the owners was drawn to the wholesale plunder- 
ing of these people, and they felt that unless the laws 
were resorted to they soon would have little timber for 
themselves. This prosecution came up in the right form, 
was timely and effective. The fact that one of the tres- 
passers was at the tiine " holding an office of respecta- 
bility " among his fellow-townsmen, rendered the case 
particularly noticeable. 

Mr. Chick's green peas came to the table this year on 
June 30th, "quite well filled." 

About half the banks of Boston combined and col- 
lected about $70,000 worth of the bills of banks in Cum- 
berland, Kennebec, and Penobscot counties, and sent 
agents to demand the specie for them. These agents re- 
fused to accept draUs or current bills of other banks at 
fair exchange discount. The specie was paid, but the 
proceeding was the occasion of much animadversion in 
Maine. It was attributed to a disposition on the part of 
the Boston banks to break down the banks in Maine, 
out of pure hostility. On the other hand, the Boston 
banks alleged that their motive was to try the solvency 
of the Maine banks and to protect the public from im- 
position. They had tried the Bangor bank before, and, 
notwithstanding its embarrassment occasioned by Boston 
failures, it satisfied the public that its affairs were honestly 
managed and that its ability to take care of its liabilities 
was undoubted. The question was very pertinently 
asked, " why did they make an attempt upon its resources 
so soon afterward, and in so uncompromising a manner, if 
it were not from a disposition to indulge a feeling of 
superciliousness?" 

The anniversary of Independence fell on Sunday, and 
there was no public celebration in Bangor. In Levant, 
Brewer, and Orrington, however, the fifth was celebrated 
with the reading of the Declaration, addresses, dinners, 
and sentiments. It was celebrated at Mattanawcook, 
where three years before there were only Captain Aaron 
Woodbury and his three sons (who were the only popu- 
lation within a radius of eighteen miles), by more than 
forty persons. There was a very patriotic address, an 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



613 



excellent dinner, and sentiments that the Eagle could 
well scream over. Amonj^ iheni, however, was this : 

"The Yeomanry of Penobscot: Ciood lands; good 
farms; a surplus of produce, and cash markets; im- 
mediate want of old maids and bachelors to multiply 
and replenish Penobscot county." 

It was worthy of note that Mr. Appleton Walker left 
Providence on Wednesday, and arrived in Ellsworth on 
Saturday morning at 6 o'clock. Taking into considera- 
tion the means of traveling at that time, it was deemed a 
rapid transit. He was in pursuit of two men who were 
largely indebted to him, and traced them through Boston, 
Portsmouth, Portland, Bangor, Bluehill, to Ellsworth in 
seventy hours, where he secured one of the men. 

William D. ^Villiamson was, in July, appointed by the 
Governor and Council Judge of Probate, in place of 
Hon. IMartin Kinsley, who, having arrived at the age of 
seventy years, was in consequence disqualified by the 
Constitution of the State fVom holding the office longer. 
Joseph Williamson, of Belfast, was at the same session 
appointed County Attorney of Hancock county, and 
Horatio G. Balch was appointed Sherifl' of Washington 
county. 

A new weekly newspaper was issued in Bangor under 
the name of Penobscot Gazette. Ezra S. Brewster was 
the publisher, Daniel Pike editor. Under the adminis- 
tration of President Monroe party lines were almost ob- 
literated. The Federal party had ceased to e.xist. There 
were five candidates for the succession — Adams, Jackson, 
Calhoun, Clay, Crawford. John Quincy Adams was 
elected by the House of Representatives, as neither of 
the candidates had a majority of the popular vote. Mr. 
Adams was a Republican; General Jackson was a Re- 
publican; and whatever new papers came into existence 
this year could not be designated by any partisan name. 
The Gazette was friendly to Mr. Adams. It was esteemed 
by the Register its "rival and competitor," and the two 
papers were not upon the most amicable terms. 

On the nth of August Major Joseph Treat was 
elected Brigadier-General of the First Brigade, Third 
Division, in place of General Mark Trafton, who had re- 
signed. Benjamin Nourse was appointed Inspector, 
Thornton McGaw Aid-de-camp, and John Fiske, Quar- 
termaster. 

The Republican nominations before the people at this 
time were: for President, John Quincy Adams; lor Gov- 
ernor, .-Mbion K. Parris; for Elector, Benjamin Nourse; 
for Senator, Joseph Kelsey; for County Treasurer, John 
Wilkins. 

Mr. Chick, as usual at this season, delighted his guests 
with green corn on the nth of August. 

On the 4th of August was the annual exhibition of 
the Theological Seminary. This institution continued 
to be the subject of criticism. One writer said: "The 
students, in gesture, utterance, style, etc., more than 
equaled my expectations, considering what had probably 
been their literary advantages. But then, the spirit of 
orthodoxy which was exhibited filled me with sorrow and 
regret. . . It seemed to me there was a little 

want of candor." He came away, he said, from an ex- 



hibition at .\ndovcr, two or three years before, with very 
different impressions. 

This month Oilman Harriman, who some years before 
gave notice that he had left his father and set up black- 
smithing by himselt", went openly into a business that at 
this day he would go into very slyly anywhere in Maine. 
He informed his friends that he had taken the cellar and 
the new brick store next the bank, w-here he intended to 
keep constantly for sale the best of liquors. "He had 
on hand old Janiaii a rum, cognac and American brandy, 
Holland and Ameiiian gin, Sicily, Madeira, sherry, and 
Lisbon wines, porter, etc. Raftsmen, marketmen, and 
others who wished for refreshments without delay or 
ceremony, miijht find it convenient to call on him. He 
had a retired room, suitable for the negotiation of busi- 
ness or the accommodation of small parties. Cool 
punch would be kept constantly ready for use." 

This cellar was entered from the northerly side of 
West Market .Square. The refreshments were such as 
were indulged in tVecly and openly, but a large portion 
of the people avoi.led that entrance; they ijreferred the 
back door. Mr. Harriman was a constable. Men be- 
came intoxicated there by their own free will, and other 
men half-intoxicated wheeled them on wheelbarrows to 
gaol. 

Prior to this Harriman had kept the toll-house at the 
Kenduskeag bridge, and refreshments also. He had 
lungs which answered a good purpose when an unlucky 
stranger attempted to pass the bridge ignorant of his 
existence and occupation. On one pleasant summer day 
a tall, handsome young gentleman who had not before 
been seen in the streets of Bangor, well dressed, with a 
tall white hat, was sauntering carelessly toward the 
bridge, and had reached the southerly sidewalk, when 
he heard some one shouting, "Hullo, there! ye goin to 
run your toll." 

Surprised, the stranger turned his steps in the direction 
of the voice, and inquired "ii that thing was a toll- 
bridge?" 

"Yes, to strangers, one cent for a foot passenger; for 
citizens, nothing!" 

"It's the last thing I should have thought. 'Twill be 
worth while to become a citizen." 

Passing to Mr. Harriman his toll, the young gentleman, 
much amused, continued his walk. He afterwards be- 
came a citizen, and still afterwards the Governor of the 
State — Edward Kent. 

In this connection it may not be improper to digress 
a little further, in order to perpetuate the memory of an- 
other character once conspicuous in Bangor. 

The predecessor of Mr. Harriman as toll-gatherer was 
a veteran of the Revolution, having the souvenir of an 
"empty sleeve," and bearing the name of Oliver Randall. 
Like others of his class of worthies, he was I'ond of a 
little tipple, gossip, and a pipe, and he had some leisure 
for the indulgence of these luxuries, the strangers from 
whom only he could require toll not often being at hand. 
Among those citizens who took delight in the society of 
this old gentleman was Mr. I'hinson. He too was fond 
of a pipe and gossip, to say nothing of the tipple. One 



6i4 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 






day when Mr. Randall was indulging in a small rest, with 
pipe, Mr. Phinson made his appearance, using a new 
pipe with which he seemed to take much satisfaction; 
but he had hardly seated himself beside his friend before 
his pipe blew up, to that gentleman's great amazement; 
as soon as he recovered himself he exclaimed; 

"What's got into that pipe? Curious tobacco! Smells 
like powder!'' 

Mr. Phinson also had an idea that it smelled like 
powder. The pipe was the last of a half-dozen post- 
prandial pipes of a long-suffering merchant, that Phinson 
had appropriated, and the merchant had filled for Mr. 
Phinson's especial benefit on that day. 

Mr, Phinson didn't call for that merchant's pipes any 
more, and Mr. Randall played shy of him when he 
approached with such an implement thereafter, fearing 
that he might again be treated to a sudden smell o'' 
powder. 

John Reynolds, Esq., the fashionable tailor, was the 
brother in-law of Mr. Harriman, and a lieutenant in the 
battalion of cavalry. He was somewhat above his mili- 
tary position, and held it in such contempt that he was 
tried by court-martial, found guilty of neglect of duty, 
disobedience of orders, and unofficerlike conduct, re- 
moved from office and disqualified from holding any 
military office under the authority of the State for three 
years. It is but reasonable to presume that Mr. Rey- 
nolds held the sentence in as much contempt as he held 
the position from which he was removed. 

Some dissatisfaction arose about this time against the 
Land Agent, James Irish, for demanding stumpage of 
timber cut from the public lands prior to his appoint- 
ment, from twenty to thirty-three per cent, above the price 
stipulated before the separation, and afterward by the 
Governor and Council, for " estimating stumpage on all a 
lot of logs would make in boards, making that of refuse 
equal to that of clear lumber; and for limiting the maxi- 
mum of two hundred acres of land granted by the Legisla- 
ture to the person who should erect the first saw mill, and 
grist-mill on the best mill-site in any township belonging 
to the State, with the site, to half a dozen acres, and de- 
manding the highest price for an adjacent lot." This 
was attributed to his desire to retain his office, which he 
imagined he could do "by a tyrannical, penurious cal- 
culation, degrading to the State, in order to enlarge the 
receipts of the treasury." 

There were loafers in those days, and there were those 
who were annoyed by them, also. That one to whom 
these words were addressed, if he were a sensitive per- 
son, possibly changed his habits. 

TO T -. 

I see thee in the back bar-room ; 

I see thee on the parlor floor; 

I see thee to'ther side the stream; 

I see tliee, zounds ! in evei y store. 
In every square, in every street, 

Thy haunting form I never miss ; 
Where can I go and fail to meet, 
Trivius, tliy omnipresent phiz. 

For many years there existed a jealousy between the 
inhabitants on the opposite sides of the Kenduskeag 
Stream. It grew out of an attempt to draw the new com- 



ers to the west side of the stream in order to make that 
the centre of trade, while the tendency of the popula- 
tion early in the century appeared to be towards the 
"Point." The antipathy grew to be so strong that the 
boys met in squads upon the bridge and pelted each 
other with stones, and the men of one side of the stream 
declared that they would not live upon the other if a 
house and lot should be given them. This feeling di- 
minished very slowly as the population increased, and 
possibly still exists in some persons. 

The improvement of the Penobscot Indians continued 
to occupy the attention of a portion of the people, but 
their want of appreciation of the benefits to be derived 
from education was discouraging. It was almost impos- 
sible to excite any ambition in them. Doubtless a little 
good had been effected by Mr. Brewer, sufficient to keep 
alive the hopes of their friends. The temptations to in- 
dulge in intoxicating liquors, which unprincipled white 
men were constantly putting in their way, kept the men 
in a state of degradation. For drink they would barter 
their furs, and many men would nol scruple to take from 
them the results of a winter's hunt for a very small con- 
sideration. 

John Wilkins having been elected Cashier of the Ban- 
gor Bank, resigned the office of Register of Deeds, and 
Alexander Savage and Charles Rice placed themselves 
before the people as candidates for the oflice. 

Some of the marrying people of the Penobscot Indians 
at this time took some pains to be married right. Four 
couples went to Newcastle in order to have Rev. D. 
Ryan, of the Catholic church, perform the ceremony. 
Captain Nicoli, aged fifty-nine, was married to Miss Mol- 
liali Sombit, aged fifteen, his third wife ; Mr. Solmon, 
aged twenty-four, to Miss Molly Blansuais, eighteen ; 
Mr. Meshel, aged twenty-two, to Miss Mollian Selique, 
twenty ; Mr. Louis Neptune, aged twenty-five, to Miss 
Mary Susep, nineteen. 

The candidates for Representative to Congress and to 
the Legislature swarmed. David Kidder was again in 
the field for Congress ; William D. Williamson, also; and 
Allen Oilman appeared. Amos Patten, Joseph Treat, 
Wilmot Wood, and Gorham Parks were before the peo- 
ple for the Legislature. Major Simon Harriman also, 
" after mature deliberation," offered himself as a candi- 
date for the latter office, "not doubting that all interested 
would eagerly step forward and avail themselves of this 
une.xpected opportunity of securing his services and tal- 
ents." 

On the 13th of September there were in Bangor 112 
votes for Albion K. Parris for Governor; scattering, 9. Jo- 
seph Kelsey had 71 votes for Senator; Jacob McGaw, 52. 
David Kidder received 55 votes for Representative to 
Congress; William D. Williamson, 39 ; Allen Oilman, 
28. John Wilkins received 53 votes for County Treas- 
urer ; Charles Rice, 36. Charles Rice received 79 votes 
for Register of Deeds ; Alexander Savage, 42. Joseph 
Treat was elected to the Legislature. 

The Presidential campaign was opened in September. 
A meeting was held in Garland at the time of a regi- 
mental muster, and Jonathan Farrar was nominated for 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



615 



Elector of the district. A committee, consisting of 
William Emerson, Daniel Wilkins, Isaac Case, Cornelius 
Coolidge, Isaac Hodsdon, Joshua Carpenter, Oilman M. 
Burleigh, Gorhani Parks, Philip Greely, Isaac Jacobs, 
William Eddy, Amos Gordon, and Francis Hill, was ajj- 
pointed to address the electors. They did so, impressing 
ujwn them the importance of securing the election of 
the President by the people, and recommending the elec- 
tion of an unpledged person for Elector, who would cast 
his vote for either of the five candidates — Adams, Jack- 
son, Clay, Crawford, or Calhoun — whose prospects of 
election should be most certain. 

The friends of Mr. Adams considered this a move- 
ment in favor of Mr. Crawford. Mt. Emerson was un- 
derstood to be in favor of that gentleman, and Mr. Far- 
rar not to be in favor of Mr. Adams. Thty called it all 
a trick, at any rate, to give prominence to the Elector 
rather than to the President. 

A caucus in Anson, Somerset county, nominated Mr. 
Farrar for Elector, and the issue was fairly made up be- 
twixt him and Mr. Nourse ; the latter being sustained as 
an .Adams man, and the former as understood to be a 
Crawford man. 

The meeting for the choice of Electors occurred on 
the first day of November. Mr. Nourse received in 
Bangor 96 votes; Mr. Farrar, 30. The vote of the 
county, very generally, was for Adams Electors. Fifty 
towns in the district gave .■\danis 1,801, votes, and Craw- 
ford 350. 

The meeting-house on the hill near the Brewer Ferry 
was erected this vear. 

Seth Elliot, of Freedom, was tried at Castine on the 
ist of November, for the murder of his son, John Wil- 
son Elliot, a child under two years of age. The Gov- 
ernment Counsel were County Attorney Joseph William- 
son and Attorney-General Foote. Counsel for the 
prisoner, \Villiam Abbott and Benjamin Orr. Judges 
Weston and Preble severally charged the jury. The ver- 
dict was guilty. Judge Preble passed the sentence. 

Newel Bean was appointed jailer. 

Abel M. Quimby was the Preceptor of the Bangor 
Young Ladies' Academy. 

Mr. Zadock Davis came again before the public on 
December 14, with a little " friendly advice '' to debtors 
on his own account, and in behalf of Davis & Weed. 
He introduces it thus: 

Davis & Weed have now agreed 

To rouse delinquent debtors. 

And those who've need to learn to read, 

They'll send thcni printed letters. 

The river closed on the 12th. of December. Mr. 
Leavitt's note is, " It has been a fine year for the lumber 
business— boards of the first quality [pine] merchantable, 
were fetching $13.00 per thousand, and others in the 
same proportion, here. The season has been good — a 
fine crop of wheat, hay, and potatoes, and sauce of all 
kinds; a middling crop of Indi.in corn." 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

Kenduskeag Bridge Free — De.tth of Rev. Mr. Loomis — Beautiful 
Poetical Tribute— The Land .Agent Still Criticized— His Reply— 
Burley & .Arnold's Bi-weekly Mail— Elliot Hanged— .-Vdams Presi- 
dent — .Annual Town Meeting — ^John Godfrey .Appointed County .At- 
torney — Isaac Hodsdon Clerk — Amos Patten et al. Justices of the 
Court of Sessions — Lottery Tickets — Gaol Limits Extended — Busi- 
ness Men — William Bruce's House Burned — Unitarian Society— Mr. 
Loomis's Library Sold — Death of Nathaniel Harlow, Sr. — Pros- 
perity — Caravan— The Man and the Elepliant— Griffin & Wyman's 
Catastrophe— Fears for the Harbor — Fouith of July — Colonel Park's 
Oration — Mr, Hutchins's Dinner — Mr. Chick's Dinner--First Con- 
gregational Society give Mr. Pomroy a Call— Accepted— Another 
Indian School Projected— Chick's Coach — Another "I'eol " in 
Trouble— Mr. Chick Again— His House Burned with Others- .A 
Great Conflagration — Friend Watson -Chick .Still Lives— The Land 
Agent Burns the Hay — Wilmot Wood Declines to be Representa- 
tive — Simon Harriman Offers Himself — Mr. Pomroy Ordained — 
Destructive Fires in the Woods— Death of Timothy Crosby, Sr. — 
State Election — Kenduskeag Bridge .Again — The Land .Agent and 
the Fires— John Neptune Speaks — Manufacturing and Exporting 
Corcpany — Mr. Colby's Shad — Loss by the Fires — Eastcrji Argus 
on Bangor — Register's Comments — David Nye Elected Captain of 
Volunteers— Raids Upon Bangor Bank — Census — The Land .Agent's 
Hard Experience with Tunber Thieves— Lots West of West Market 
Place Sold — .Abraham Houson — New Business Men— Edward Kent 
Establishes Himself in Bangor. 

The bridge over the Kenduskeag, which had up to the 
year 1825 been a toll bridge, on the first day of this year 
become exempt from that annoyance. By the terms of 
the contract, it will be recollected, the inhabitants were 
to pass free, and this year the same privilege was to be 
extended to all persons. People felt that they had an 
addition to their liberties from this time. 

On the 2d of January the town met with an irrepa- 
rable loss. Rev. Harvey Loomis, after taking his seat in 
the pulpit in the morning, dropped dead. There was a 
snow storm on that day, and .\Ir. Loomis walked from 
his house on Union street, below .Main, to his house of 
worship. The ascent to the church from the bridge was 
quite steep, and the snow that had fallen rendered the 
walk fatiguing. It was not more than ten minutes from 
the time he had taken his seat before his spirit had taken 
its flight. As soon as his head dropped his friends were 
at his side, but no human help availed to restore him. 
The shock occasioned by his sudden death was aggra- 
vated by the fact that the text of his discourse for the 
morning was from Jeremiah xxviii ; 16: "This year 
thou shalt die." 

For more than fourteen years Mr. Loomis had been 
the only settled minister in Bangor. He was eminently 
a lovable man. His influence in elevating the charac- 
ter of the people had been remarkable. He was a 
preacher of the doctrine of Calvin, it is true; but he was 
amiable and genial, his life was so true and consistent, 
and his appeals to the irreligious were so honest and 
earnest that large numbers were added to his church, 
religion was respected, and the morals of the community 
greatly improved. He established a meeiing for relig- 
ious conference on Wednesday evening, which has been 
continued in his church to the present time; and that 
evening was, during his life and for many years after his 
death, regarded with as much reverence as Sunday itself, 
especially among the people of his society. No parties 
were held upon that evening, and amusements were dis- 



6i6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



countenanced. This meeting was at first held in the 
Hadlock house, at the westerly corner of York street, 
where it enters Exchange street. Afterwards it was re- 
moved to the Academy room on Columbia street. The 
walls of that room were dark with age, and as it was 
lighted with tallow candles or oil lamps there was a 
gloom attending these convocations which, with the 
solemn music of such tunes as Bangor, China, and St. 
Martin's, was well in accord with the doctrines taught, 
especially when the meetings were conducted by the 
brethren. Usually, however, Mr. Loomis, with liis be- 
nign countenance and manner, give to them an aspect 
of cheerfulness. Mr. Loomis was thirty-nine years old 
at the time of his death. 

A member of his church, a young lady. Miss Eliza L. 
Adams, who at this day, as Mrs. James Crosby, says: 
"Fresh and warm is the place his name occupies in the 
hearts of the few lingering ones who knew him as he 
was, and who can recall the day when suddenly he van- 
ished from their sight," shortly after tha't event wrote 
the following poem : 

THE DESOLATED CONFERENCE ROOM. 

Ye need not liang that candle by the desk; 

Ye may remove his chair and take away his book; 

He will not come to-night. He did not hear the bell 

Which told the hour of prayer. I cannot speak the reason. 

But he does not seem to love as he did once 

The conference room. 

We've waited long of late, and thought we heard 

At length his well-known step. We were deceived. 

He did not come. 'Tis very sad to say, 

But he will never come again. 

Do ye remember how he used to sit 

In that now vacant corner, hid by its obscurity? 

Only ye might perceive liis wondrous eye 

Striving to read the feelings of your souls, 

That he might know if ye would hear the word. 

Ye do remember — well, he's not there now; 

Ye may be gay and thoughtless if ye will, 

His glance shall not reprove you; 

Or, if ye choose it, ye may slumber on your seats 

.And never fear the watchman's eye; 

It weeps not o'er you now. 

There! Listen to that liymn of praise. 

But how it falters on the lip! 

How like a funeral dirge it sounds! 

Oh! ye have lost your leader and ye cannot sing. 

But hearken! when ye struck that note 

Did ye not hear an angel voice take up 

The lofty strain, " For Tliou, O Lamb of God. 

Arl worlliy ? " 'Twas his voice. 

Not using as in former days from this 

Low temple; — sing softly, or ye will not hear! 

Only the clearest, sweetest note, waving its way 

From the celestial world, just strikes the ear, 

Intent — and now — 'tis gone. 

Oh, how it chills the heart to think 

That voice is heard no more within these walls. 
It is no fiction, is it? no deluding dream? 

C)h, no! — our friend is gone. Tiie damp of death 

Is o'er him. The moon is shining on his grave. 

He will not ivake until he wakes to immortality. 

'Tis sweet to pause and think, in what 

A higher world than this his spirit dwells. 

How very near he is to Jesus. Since he must now 

Be near to him in heaven, who did so love 

His name on earth. And now 

He's washed his mortal woes and sins away, 

.•\nd now he drinks the river of a Saviour's love, 

.\nd now he tunes his liarp to angel themes. 

And now he joins a band, the rapture of whose song 



An angel mind can scarce imagine; 

How does he swell the chorus, ' ' Thou wast .slain for us " — 

A song not new to him — he sang it oft 

In years gone by. 

But we are not in heaven; we are here 
Where desolation reipns in every heart, 
And sorrow looks from every eye. 
Soon we must go away, and there is none 
To say a blessing for us. Though, when prayer is done. 
We stand — and wait — yet none shall say, 
" Now grace be unto you." 

Yet surely we must not repine 
At what He does who made us. He hath done well. 
So be it. Father, even so, since it hath seemed 
Most righteous in thy sight. 
^ .'\nd if we ask of God a blessing for ourselves, 

If we repent that we have sinned against Him, 
He will not frown on us. He'll hear our prayer. 
We'll go, then, trusting in His name. 
He oft hath blest us in this room; 
He'll bless us yet again — we'll go.* 

On January 13th Bangor had not yet ihe advantages 
of more than one mail in a week directly from Portland. 
On the assembling of the Legislature in Portland it was . ; 
five days before any report of its proceedings were re- 
ceived here. 

On January iSth Messrs. Burley & .A.rnold gave 
notice that the mail stage would leave Augusta at 4 
o'clock A. M. on Wednesday and Saturday, and arrive at 
Bangor the same evening, and that it would return on 
Monday and Thursday. 

The Court of Cominon Pleas held a session of eleven 
days this month, during which time there were three ver- 
dicts of " not guilty " in criminal cases, and eleven 
verdicts in civil cases. The amount involved in the cases 
adjudicated in the aggregate was $800. 

Some one writing over the signature of " 500 Lumber- 
men and 500 Young Farmers," is much dissatisfied with 
the action of the Land Agent in regard to the timber 
lands. His charges for stump leave he considered ex- 
orbitant, and his course in selling lands such as to re- 
tard emigration and prevent their settlement. The writer 
appealed to the Legislature to limit the power of this 
ofifice, that the lumbermen and farmers might obtain 
lands at a |jrice that would keep people here and induce 
inimigration. 

The Land Agent, in his rejjort, sets forth his proceed- 
ings in the sale of timber lands as being, in his judgment, 
most for the interest of the State and the settlers. He 
did not think it necessary to give away lands in order to 
accomplish the object of the State in procuring the erec- 
tion of saw-mills and grist-mills in large quantities; there- 
fore he had sold one mill site, with 163 acres of land 
therewith, for $500, and bargained for the building of 
mills on two other sites in different townships. As the 
law made it discretionary with the Agent whether to give 
this land away or not, he felt it to be his duty to act for 
the interest of the State, and make no sacrifices when it 
was unnecessary. By his management he had netted for 
the State $16,374.50, having made ninety contracts for 
the sale of land and delivered thirty-one deeds to pur- 
chasers. 

* It is somewhat strange that this poem has since been at times ap- 
propriated as original, to ■' indicate the deep feeling that pervaded the 
community " over the decease of various good men. 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



617 



Seth Elliot was hanged for the murder of his child at 
Castine, on February 3. There were about two thousand 
persons. present. This was the last execution in the State 
for many years, although several persons were convicted 
of the crime of murder, a law having been enacted 
prohibiting the execution until the expiration of a year 
after the sentence and the fact was certified to the Gov- 
ernor, who might thereupon fix the time for carrying the 
sentence into effect. 

It was annoimced, in February, that John (Juincy 
.■\dams was elected President and John t'. Calhoun Vice- 
President of the United States, whereupon a salute of 
thirteen guns was given as an expression of the joy of the 
people, and not as a signal of party triumi^h. 

The election of President was by the House of Rep- 
resentatives. The States that voted for Adams were 
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, 
Connecticut, New York, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky, Illi- 
nois, Louisiana, and Missouri — 13. Those that voted 
for Jackson were New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 
Indiana, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Alabama — 7. 
For Crawford: Virginia, Delaware, North Carolina, and 
Georgia — 4. 

The inauguration of President Adams was celebrated 
in Bangor on the 4th of March by the discharge of thir- 
teen guns at sunrise, twenty-four at noon, and thirteen at 
sunset, and by illuminations and a display of fireworks in 
the evening. Captain Isaac R. Park, a painter of houses, 
got up three transparencies, on which were represented 
the "(jenius of Liberty," "Justice," and the "American 
Eagle," which were exhibited in front of the Court-house, 
and attracted much attention. 

The annual meeting for town business was held on 
March 14. Alexander Savage was elected Clerk; James 
Tilton, Issac Hodsdon, Newell Bean, Selectmen and As- 
sessors; John Godfrey, George Starrett, Amos Patten, 
Joshua P. Dickinson, and Wilmot Wood, Superintending 
School Committee; Amos Patten, Treasurer. 

The Governor and Council appointed John Godfrey, 
of Bangor, County Attorney; Isaac Hodsdon, Clerk of 
the Courts; Amos Patten, Ephraim Goodale, Seba 
French, Justices of the Court of Sessions. 

Tickets in the Cumberland and Oxford Canal Lot- 
tery were offered for sale at the office of the Bangor 
Register. 

The Court of Sessions, in accordance with the opinion 
of the Supreme Judicial Court, then lately announced, 
extended the gaol-yard to the exterior limits of the 
county. 

The leading merchants and business men in Bangor 
at this period were: Messrs. Barker & Carr, Joseph Carr, 
Pickering & Hill, Hill & McLaughlin, Waldo T. Peirce, 
M. & A. Patten, James Crosby, Fiskes & Billings, Tay- 
lor &: Brown, Lewis & James Cram, William Emerson, 
William V. Crane, Daniel Kimball, Herman Fisher, 
John Ham, Newell Bean, Charles Plummer, Barker & 
Crosby, John Williams, David J. Kent, Asa Sawyer, 
David Hill, Edmund Dole, Henry Cole, Zebulon Smith, 
Levi Cram. 

The dwelling-house of William Bruce, a manufacturer 
78 



of lumber at the third fall on the Kenduskeag, with his 
books, furniture, and papers, was destroyed by fire on 
the night of April 23d, and the family had barely time 
to save themselves. The house was a mile and a half 
from the fire companies, and there were no near neigh- 
bors to render assistance. 

The' Unitarian society was provided with jjreaching 
this season by the Theological school at Cambridge. 
Mr. Crafts officiated several months. 

Rev. Mr. Loomis's library was sold by auction on the 
20th of May. 

Mr. Nathaniel Harlow died on the loth of May, at 
the age of sixty-seven. He removed to Bangor from 
Plymouth, Mass.ichusetts, July 13, 17S9, His estate ex- 
tended from tlie easterly bank of the Kenduskeag 
Stream northerly perhaiis a mile. On the shore of 
the stream it extended from below the Kendus- 
keag Bridge to some distance above Franklin Bridge. 
It was lot No. 68, Holland's plan, and was vci'y irregular. 
His first house was of solid hewn timber, and stood on 
the slope of the hill near the foot of Centre street. His 
second was a frame house and is the first dwelling-house 
on the left of Central street, above Harlow street. At 
the time of his death he cultivated his lot as a farm. 
His son Nathaniel, who inherited it, with his sister Mrs. 
Parker, extended Centre street through it and laid it out 
into house-lots, which have been nearly a'U sold and 
built upon. 

This year there were indications of general prosperity 
throughout the country. Population and business were 
increasing. Manufactures were extending, canals exca- 
vating, railways contem|jlated, ships, steamboats, dwell- 
ings, and warehouses building. Bangor shared in this 
pros])erity. Many buildings were erected, real estate 
increased in value, and all felt encouraged by the pros- 
pects. 

The proprietors of Kenduskeag Point took advantage 
of this state of feeling and advertised for sale at public 
auction, on June 9, about eighty house and store lots. 
As an inducement to purchasers they said that from the 
ra|)idity of the growth of Bangor and the enterprise of 
its inhabitants it had already obtained a respectable rank 
among coumiercial towns, and from its situation in the 
heart of the State, at the head of ship navigation and 
tide-water on the Penobscot River, must soon become 
distinguished as a place of trade. \ view of the map of 
the Stale would show that Bangor must at some tuture 
day enjoy the trade of a country of greater extent than 
any other town in Maine — that "the land about it, and 
particularly in the north and west, was im])roving in 
agriculture and increasing in population with a greater 
rapidity than any other portion of New Engl.ind." 

The showmen had for several years found their way to 
Bangor, and this year a "Grand Caravan of Living 
Animals," with its elephant and monkejs and baboons, 
and " Dandy Jack," made its appearance, to the delight 
of all the "little folks." This was an occasion to be re- 
membered. A young man took liberties with the 
elephant, which the animal was not dis|)osed to submit 
to without indicating his disa[iproval. He therefore took 



6i8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






him by the arm, drew him upon his tusks, and broke 
both the bones of one of his legs, to the great terror of 
the bystanders, some of whom were perha[)s benefited 
by the lesson. 

Another lesson was learned by Messrs. Griffin & 
AVyman about that time. They had a horse and chaise 
at Oldtovvn, which they concluded to take with them to 
Bangor u|)on a raft, instead of having them come by 
land. When the raft reached Great Works falls, it ran 
under the water, and the horse, supposing that he was 
about to be plunged into the current, became frightened, 
and ran backward with the chaise into the river, destroy- 
ing the chaise and di owning himself. 

There was much jealousy at this time in regard to 
encroachments upon the harbor. Some one had built a ' 
pier off Kenduskeag Point, and the Selectmen presented 
it to the Grand Jury as a nuisance. The fear was that if 
such erections were acquiesced in, there would not, in a 
few years, be sufficient accommodation for the naviga- 
tion, as it was believed the business of the town would 
continue to increase. It is wonderful how, as the 
necessity for water accommodation increased, that 
jealousy subsided. Wharves which had been projected 
as far as was necessary into the Kenduskeag to answer 
the jjublic requirements, have since, through the cupidity 
and finesse of individuals, been so extended that naviga- 
tion will some day be seriously impeded. x'Vnd every 
few years the disposition is manifested to extend them 
still further. 

Mr. Chick's green peas were ready for the table on the 
i8th of June; "a week sooner than ever known before," 
says the Register. 

The Fourth of July was celebrated this year with 
considerable ceremony. At eleven o'clock a )3rocession 
of citizens and strangers was escorted from the Court- 
house, by Captain Dole's artillery, and Captain Rogers' 
infantry,- to the meeting-house, which was thronged with 
ladies and gentlemen. After a prayer by Rev. Professor 
Smith, a hymn, the reading of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence by Rev. Mr. Crafts, and an^ode, "an eloquent 
and impressive address" was delivered by Colonel Gor- 
ham Parks. An anthem concluded the services at the 
meeting-house. 

Ezra Hutchins was then the keeper of the Hatch 
tavern. He erected a bower between the house and 
Main street, and therein served a dinner, of which two 
hundred patriots partook. Among these were several 
soldiers of the Revolution — one, Captain Wilkins, of 
Charleston, who was in the battles 'of Lexington, Con- 
cord, Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Princeton, and others. 
Others of those worthies fought their battles over again, 
and fell, flourishing their weapons nearly as vigorously as 
they did of yore. Fortunately they fell to rise again 
after the evening gun had proclaimed the close of the 
day. 

But Mr. Chick was not to be outdone by his neighbor 
Hutchins. His "Tavern was elegantly decorated with 
evergreens on each side — with three arches composed of 
the lofty birch — and in the evening were displayed from 
the windows two elegant transparencies representing the 



Genius of Liberty and the American Eagle," which were 
recognized by several citizens as the productions of Cap- 
tain Isaac R. Park, and that had performed dut\ on the 
celebration of the inauguration of President Adams. The 
Register affirmed that the "effect of the whole was very 
pleasant." 

The Orrington band enliveped the evening by its 
music, after which the people — many of them — retired 
in a frame of mind fitted for a state of happy oblivious- 
ness. 

On the evening of the 5th of July the First Congrega- 
tional society voted, without a dissenting voice, to extend 
an invitation to Rev. Swan L. Pomroy to become their 
pastor. A salary was voted. A' committee was ap- 
pointed to confer with him, and the call was shortly 
after accepted. 

On the 1 2 th of July there was a meeting of the Penob- 
scot tribe of Indians at Oldtown, at which were present 
the President and one of the Directors of the society for 
their improvement, who made propositions to them in 
regard to a school. The Register said: "It was pleasant 
and rare to see Mr. Smith, an 'orthodox' or Calvinistic 
minister, Mr. Crafts, a Unitarian minister, and Mr. Byrne,! 
a Roman Catholic priest, engaged in friendly and social^ 
conversation, principally with a view tn the improvement '• 
of the Indians." 

The result was similar to tiiat attending the efforts 
of Rev. Mr, Ixittle, in 1786, when he attempted to obtain 
the co-o|)eration of a Roman Catholic priest in his plan 
for the improvement and education of the Indians. The 
Register, regretted to learn that they (the President and 
Director) were not able to make such arrangements as 
they proposed. 

The enterprising Mr. Chick, at this period, furnished 
himself with an "excellent coach and horses for the ac- • 
commodation of" those ladies and gentlemen who might 
wish to make an excursion to Oldtown and elsewhere. 

The Indian name of Peol was an unfortunate one. 
Early in the history of the town Peol was murdered by 
Page ; later, Peol murdered Knight. This year Peol, 
though unfortunate, was niore fortunate than his prede- 
cessors. He w-as arrested on a warrant issued on the 
complaint of one Knight, who charged him with stabbing 
him with intent to kill, "at a place called Aroostic." At 
the examination before Justice Thomas Bartlett, the com- 
plainant showed several scars, one on the head or neck, 
one on the shoulder, and one on the breast. No one ap- 
peared for the re-spondent, and 'he complainant not 
being subjected to cross-examination, made a plausible 
story, and Peol was ordered to jail until the sitting of the 
Supreme Court the next June. 

Ijut the red man found friends. He had a story also, 
which he related to several gentlemen who visited him in 
piison. He exhibited scars and a gunshot wound — two 
balls and seveial shot had been discharged at him by this 
Knight, and had penetrated his back just below the right 
shoulder blade, and one of the balls had come out below 
the right breast, and shots were felt under the skin of the 
breast. Upon his making oath to this statement, a war- 
rant was issued arainst Knight for shooting Peol with in- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



.619 



tent to murder him. The Sheriff found him at Owen's 
ferry, on his way to Bangor, in Mr. Chick's famous coach, 
and informed him that he had a warrant for his arrest, 
but permitted him to proceed to Bangor. After his ar- 
rival he disappeared. Peol was bailed ; and that appears 
to have been the conclusion of the whole matter. 

Mr. Chick did not rela.x his endeavors to be in advance 
of the world in all things whatsoever pertaining to his vo- 
cation. He had served up the first salmon, and titillated 
the palates of his guests with the first green peas of the 
season from his garden, and now, on the 27th of July, he 
presents Mr. Burton with a ''fine mess of green corn, 
very well filled.'' 

But Mr. Chick's good fortune wasnot uninterrupted. On 
the ist of August a fire broke out in his stable, which it 
consumed, with his other out-buildings, in which were 
two horses and five hogs; the stable of Major Williams; 
the inn and stable of Captain .Andrew W. Hasey; the 
dwelling house, out-house, and stable of Mr. John Barker; 
and the dwelling house occupied by Major Simon Har- 
riman and Mr. John Reynolds, on Main street. This 
was the most destructive conflagration that Bangor had 
ever experienced. The whole territory fiom opposite 
the Hatch Tavern, between Main, Fish, and Water 
streets, was burnt over. 

The fire was set by Friend Watson, a young irian 
about nineteen years of age, whose habits had been such 
that he was not considered accountable for his actions. 
He was imprisoned, tried, and afterwards confined in the 
poor-house as a person of unsound mind. | 

At this fire the females of the town of all conditions 
were in the ranks with the men, passing water md render- 
ing such assistance as was in their power. 

Mr. Chick, however, was not discouraged. He im- 
mediately notified his patrons at a distance that they 
should have every accommodation to which they had 
been accustomed at his inn. He had procured another 
stable and his house had been saved. 

Captain Zebadiah Rogers, of the Independent Volun- 
teers, was elected Colonel of the Second Regiment, vice 
Daniel Nickerson, resigned. 

The Land Agent, General Irish, in order effectually to 
prevent trespassers taking timber from the public lands, 
caused the hay, which they had cut between the mouth 
of the Mottawamkeag and Baskahegan Lake, to be 
burned. This act created much animadversion among 
the operators and those who derived benefit from the 
public plunderings. 

Wilmot Wood, Esq., having learned from the Penob- 
scot Gazette that he was nominated at a meeting of a 
number of respectable citizens of Bangor, on the 20th of 
August, as a candidate for Representative to the Legisla- 
ture, declined the honor. 

So did not Simon Harriman, a manufacturer of cow- 
bells and pitchforks, that could be "heard from one to 
five miles," an illiterate and conceited person. Some 
wags, who styled him Major, flattered him with the idea 
that he was a fit person for the office of Re|)resentative, 
and aided him in presenting himself for the public suf- 
frages in this language: "The time has arrived when 



men of talents, integrity, and jiolitical information should 
be elected to ofifices so impoitant as that of a member of 
our Legislature; and should my fellow-citizens select me, 
they may be assured that their interest will be strictly at- 
tended to, and that no court favor, no private or selfish 
views shall deter me from a faithful discharge of my 
duty." 

The wags followed up this Harriman movement by 
recommending him themselves, saying that he had taken 
the fair way of nominating himself, that he was a friend 
of the lumbermen, and that if the peoijle would elect 
him, they might doubtless "see some exertions made to 
promote the interests of the very life of our wealth and 
prosperity," and that in sending him they would send a 
person "who not only had an opinion of his own in these 
matters, but would not be backward in advancing or de- 
fending them." 

Rev. Swan L. Pomroy was ordained on Augiist 31st, 
over the First Congregational Church and Society. The 
order ot the services was: Prayer, by Rev. John Saw- 
yer; Sermon, by Rev. Dr. Edward Payson, of Portland; 
text, Luke xx. 36: "For they were equal unto the 
angels;" Consecration Prayer, by Rev. Eliphalet Gillet, 
of Hallowell; Charge, by Rev. Jona. Fisher, of Bluehill; 
Right Hand of Fellowship, by Rev. Mighill Blood, of 
Bucksport; Address to the Church and Society, by Rev. 
Arthur Tappan, of Augusta; Concluding Prayer by Rev. 
Thomas Williams, of Foxcroft. The audience was large 
and the services impressive. 

A county convention, on August 30th, nominated 
Daniel Wilkins (or Senator, and Charles Rice for County 
Treasurer. A town convention on the 26th nominated 
David J. Bent for Representative to the Legislature. All 
were not satisfied with these nominations, and individuals 
put forward Samuel Butman for Senator and John Wil- 
kins for Treasurer, and Joseph Treat for Representative. 
As we have seen, "Major" Harriman put forward him- 
self 

For a fortnight fires were raging in the forests north of 
Bangor. At one time nearly the whole country from 
Passadumkeag to Mattanawcook, on both sides of the 
Penobscot and Piscataquis, was a sea of flame. The 
roaring of the fire was like thunder, and was heard at a 
distance of from twelve to fifteen miles. The islands in 
the river were burnt over. The country between Passa- 
dumkeag and Lincoln was devastated. The towns upon 
the Piscataquis suffered from loss of buildings, cattle, 
fences, crops. The house, bain filled with hay, and 
store and tool-house of Joseph Mcintosh, of Maxfield, 
were burned and the family driven to the river for safety. 
Other houses and barns, and saw-mills and grist-mills, 
were destroyed. A lad returning from school through 
the woods was so badly burned tliat his life was despaired 
of; hawks and other birds were killed by the fire; and 
the fish in the Piscataquis River were killed by the heat. 
Twenty bass, weighing from twenty to forty pounds each, 
many young salmon, shad, trout, and other small fish, 
were found dead in the shoal water and on the shores. 
The fires were running in Bangor, doing much injury in 
the woods, and the whole country was filled with smoke. 



629 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



A prominent citizen — Timothy Crosby, a son of Si- 
mon Crosby, one of the first settlers of the town — died 
on the 3d of September, at the nge of fifty-nine. He 
was not far from six years of age when his father came to 
Bangor. 

The meeting for the election of State and county 
officers was held on the i2ih of September. The vote 
of Bangor was : For Governor, Albion K. Parris 34, Wil- 
liam King 28, scattering 17 ; for Senator, Daniel Wil- 
kins 64, Samuel Butman 44 ; for Treasurer, Charles 
Rice 27, John Wilkins 67 ; for Representative, Simon 
Harriman 48, David J. Bent 39, Goiham Parks 29. In 
the class there was no choice for Representative ; JVIr. 
Bent received the largest number of votes. He was 
elected at the third balloting on October 13. John 
Wilkins was elected County Treasurer, having 587 votes, 
to 528 for Mr. Rice. 

A question having arisen between the town and the 
Bangor Bridge Company, the agents of the company 
published a statement that the validity of the contract 
between the town and the company, to permit the inhab- 
itants to pass free of tolls, for stipulated sums to be paid 
by the town fiom year to year, was questioned, and the 
opinion of the Supreme Court obtained that it was inval- 
id and, in consequence of the decision, toll was exact- 
ed from each inhabitant, as well as other persons, from 
July, 1824; that the charter of the com[)any would ex- 
pire in 1828, and that the additional sum that the town 
was to pay would amount to $3,000; that in December, 
1824, the town agreed to purchase the bridge and j)ay 
.$2,Sco therefor by the ist of September, 1826, and the 
company were within a year to remove the toll-house, so 
that Hammond street in its original width should extend 
to the stream ; that the authority to iiurchase was subse- 
quently given to the town, but a 'misunderstanding had 
arisen in regard to the agreement to remove the toll- 
house, the town contending that the toll-house was to be 
so far removed that a passage-way might be made to the 
water ; the company, on the other hand, contended that 
the toll house should be so far removed that the north 
line of Hammond street should pass unobstructed to the 
water ; and that, as it had since discovered that the toll- 
house was not in the street, they were not, by the terms 
of the contract, obliged to remove it at all ; and as the 
town did not see fit to adopt that view of it, the company 
would be reluctantly compelled again to demand toll. 

The matter was arranged, and the bridge was ever 
afterwards free. 

The enemies of the Land Agent were not unwilling 
that he should have the reputation of originating the fires 
which had caused such devastation in the northerly part 
of Penobscot county, when he caused the hay cut by 
trespassers to be burnt. Although this was not the case, 
yet the Indians had been impressed with the idea that it 
was, and some one penned for the Lieutenant-Governor 
of the tribe this communication for the Register: 

Now me speak in paper — hay timber all burnt up — all bare just 
like my harm no blanket — What meanum slates agent send Captain 
Chase to burnum hay when everything so dry — Indian two township 
all burn up before rane come — Indian lossum all timber and hay — 
sartin me now walk general court ne-st winter then me speakum Gov- 



ernor Parris — me hearum he givum to the agent to burnum all hay — 
spose Governor Parris speak he no' say so — then me speak states 
agent pay Indian all hay and timber he burn — spose he say so — then 
Governor Parris he pay sartin — When Indian havum all timber and 
hay nobody burnum hay — now state gettum all Indian land but two 
township, then he settum fire to drive all Indian off — now me haviim 
no more timber — by-by me be naked just like snake — all Indians 
speak so. John Neptune. 

This year the following well-known business men of 
Bangor and neighborhood applied to the Legislature to 
be incorporated as the "Penobscot Manufacturing and 
Exporting Company," for the purpose of manufacturing, 
purchasing, and vending all kinds of lumber, viz: James 
B. Fisher, Joseph Carr, James Crosby, Joseph Rolph 
Lumbert, Amos M. Roberts, Simon T. Pearson, Stephen 
Kimball, Ebenezer Webster, Samuel Baxley, Charles B. 
Prescott, John Ham, John J. Coombs, George W. 
Pickering, Mark L. Hill, Jr., John Bright, Mark Traf- 
ton, Caleb C. Billings, Jackson Davis, John M. Prince, 
Jedediah Herrick, David J. Burt, Jonathan B. Rogers, 
John P'iske, Joshua P. Dickinson, Jacob McGaw, and 
Thomas A. Hill. Only one of these persons is known to 
be now living, Mr. Bright. 

Mr. Timothy Colby, who by trade was a brick-maker, 
was also a rare lover of the piscatory profession. He 
was famous for "drifting" nights in the Penobscot, and 
in the morning was proud of exhibiting the plump sal- 
mon and shad with which his labors were rewarded, in 
West Market Square, to which all good husbands resorted 
for a good dinner. In the early part of October he 
achieved quite a reputation among the good-livers by 
bringing into the market one hundred and eighty shad 
which were deemed superior to those taken in the 
spring. As the Register made this unusual advent of 
these delicious fish a matter of congratulation, the Ken- 
nebec Journal attempted to detract from "Uncle Tim's" 
laurels by calling them "outward bound," in other words, 
"run-down shad." Mr. Burton's indignation was aroused 
at this, and he called it "a gross libel on our /^sfe and 
judgment," and undertook to show from Rees's Encyclo- 
pedia and a little argumenlation that, aUhough the visit 
of these sea shad to the Penobscot was an unusual event, 
yet that for six months, from May to November, they 
were about the capes and the mouths of our large rivers, 
and there was no good reason why they should not take 
a turn up the Penobscot, a large river, occasionally. 
Thus was Mr. Timothy Colby's averment that they were 
fine, fat, delicious sea shad, just from the ocean, verified. 

The fires had ceased in October, and it was ascertained 
that, besides the -buildings destroyed on the lower Pis- 
cataquis, there were burned in Guilford 4 houses and 5 
barns; in Paikman, i house, 5 barns; in Ripley, 11 
houses, 9 barns; in Harmony, 4 houses, 5 barns; in 
Dover, i barn; in Monson, i barn. There were other 
buildings burned, and the damage to the timber lands 
was enormous. 

In October the editor of the Eastern Argus made a 
visit to Bangor and Oldtown, and gave an account of his 
travels in his paper. He had been more or less in thir- 
teen of the United States, and had never seen a more 
flourishing part of the country of like extent, than on 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



621 



the banks of the Androscoggin, Kennebec, Sheepscot, 
St. George, and Penobscot Rivers, though the smoke of 
the fires, in the woods obscured the prosjject so that the 
landscape sometimes was confined within the circle of a 
mile. The country was entirely enveloped in smoke. 

"At Bangor," he proceeds, "the river is something like 
a furlong in width; the current is not rapid, and the ferry 
is pleasant — of easy passage, and well attended. Al- 
though it was in the night when I crossed it, it seemed 
more like taking a sail for pleasure than encountering a 
formidable and fatiguing barrier of a journey. 
Although there are some very pleasant seats and some 
fine prospects, in different parts of the village, yet, as a 
whole, its local situation is not altogether so jileasant as 
[that ofj many other villages in the State. The picture 
has many agreeable scenes and well finished parts, but 
they are not well connected ; the groundwork is broken, 
and the whole view betrays a want of symmetry. Some 
central parts of the village are low, nearly on a level with 
the river; and others are built on almost as many hills as 
there were in Rome. And yet the hills are not remark- 
ably tedious; perhaps hardly so much so as are found in 
Hallowell or Augusta. Bangor is a highly flourishing 
village, and will, without doubt, continue to grow rapidly. 
It stands at the head of the navigable waters of the Pe- 
nobscot, and the country above it is fast settling. A fine 
stream of water, the Kenduskeag, flows directly 
through the village into the Penobscot, and affords some 
good sites for machinery. . . Most of the 

buildings have a new appearance, and I observed that 
many had been erected the present season, and yet I was 
told that every building was occupied, and that to 
obtain one at any rent was exceedingly difficult." He 
mentioned the public buildings and the academy, which 
had sixty or seventy students the last winter, and pro- 
ceeds: "Bangor is amongst the candidates for the seat of 
the State Government, and there are some who seem to 
feel confident that the Government will eventually be lo- 
cated there. . . It is unquestionably destined 
to become the metropolis of that section of the State. 
There are two public newspapers published at Bangor, 
which may be regarded as a proof of its central situation 
and extensive population and business. There are but 
three other towns in the .State which support more than 
one newspaper each, viz; Portland, Batfi, and Hallowell." 

The editor of the Register, in commenting upon these 
notes, said the writer's route did not lead him through 
the best lands and most flourishing portion of Penobscot 
county. He had been twice up the West Branch above 
Grand Falls. The first time was about eighteen years be- 
fore, when he ascended Katahdin to its summit. The last 
was two years before, when he had the pleasure of trav- 
eling about forty miles on snow-shoes, and camping out 
seven or eight nights on the snow in the vicinity of the 
Grand Falls, and he must say that, "although he too had 
traveled, more or less, in just thirteen of the United 
States," besides having visited the colonies of New Bruns- 
wick and Nova Scotia, most of the West India Isles, and 
traveled sixty miles over the mountains of Spain, yet 
had he seldom if ever seen a more beautiful and pictur- 



esque country than the region of Ktahdinoga.* There 
are immense lakes, noble rivers, grand and stupendous 
cataracts, murmuring rivulets, and from the lakes a view 
of a vast chain of mountains, of which Katahdin, whose 
head is often veiled with clouds, is the principal. He 
had no doubt that in a few years a visit to that section of 
the country would be more fashionable than a visit to any 
other part of New England. 

Captain Rogers having been pn)moted to Colonel, 
Ensign David Nye was chosen captain of the Independ- 
ent Volunteers, and Robert Long, ensign, on October 21;. 
Sheriff Royal Clark gave notice to the coroners that 
as his term of office would expire immediately, the duties 
of the office would devolve on them. 

The Bangor Bank suffered in various ways, and the 
Directors probably th lught that there never was a bank 
of its size and importance that received so much of all 
sorts of attention. We have seen that bank men, busi- 
ness men, and failed men, had paid it their respects after 
different fashion. On the night of October 29th the rob- 
bers made an attack upon it, and succeeded in getting as 
far as the vault door, but that was an obstacle too diffi- 
cult to master with the appliances they had; therefore 
they had retired, leaving indications that on the next 
night the attack would be more vigorous. Of course the 
Cashier, Mr. Wilkins, who lay in wait for the British 
ships in 18 14, was still brave enough to lay in wait for 
the robbers. He did so with "two or three strong men," 
but the robbers were too wary — they did not try again. 
But on the next day an agent of the Suffolk and other 
Boston banks made a raid upon the bank, against which 
Mr. Wilkins and his strong men could make no resist- 
ance, and took what the robbers would have been glad to 
obtain — $10,000 in specie. Mr. Wilkins rather laughed 
at this, but he would have been better pleased if the raid 
had not been made. 

A census was taken this year by Mr. Simpson and the 
number of inhabitants was found to be 2,002. The in- 
crease w^as 781 since 1820, when the population was 1,221. 

It has been before stated that the proceedings of the 
Land Agent of the State in regard to the public lands 
north of Bangor were of a character to subject him to 
censure. The State had changed its policy in regard to 
the lands, and his course, instead of being conciliatory 
and judicious, was deemed harsh and unwarrantable. 

Prior to the separation Massachusetts had permitted 
timber to be cut upon the public lands, and was not very 
exacting or critical. After the separation Maine felt the 
necessity of more care. The timber lands might be made 
a source of revenue, and it was important that they 
should be looked after. The State prohibited the cut- 
ting of timber, but the old operators could not keep 
their hands off the grand old |)ines, and drove them 
down the Penobscot as usual. When threatened with 
prosecution they made their peace with the State by pay- 
ing a small consideration and went on as before. Find- 
ing that the valuable timber of the State was going to 
enrich individuals, and that the State was receiving no 
benefit from it, the Legislature passed a stringent law for 

* Indian name of the counlry about Katahdin. 



622 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1 



the protection of their property, and directed the Land 
Agent to enforce it. 

He might have been judicious in his action, and he 
might not have been. He certainly did not get the good 
will of the operators. He gave public notice that the 
law would be enforced against trespassers. He, how- 
ever, gave permits to these trespassers to cut hay on the 
meadow lands in the neighborhood of the timber, but 
gave it to be understood that the teams of the violators 
of the law would be seized, and the severest penalties 
would be imposed upon them. Upon some this had 
effect; others said "it is the same old story — the offense 
is venal — we can buy forgiveness, as we have before. 

They operated. The Land Agent remained at his 
office, apparently oblivious to what was doing on the 
State's demesnes; but in the spring he sent an obnox- 
ious deputy into tlie woods to ascertain if there had been 
any trespassing, and if there had been, to take an account 
of and mark the logs that had been cut upon the public 
laids. This was not agreeable to the tiespassers. A 
party blacked and armed themselves and ordered the 
deputy away. He would have no collision, and returned. 
He had, however, obtained an account of the logs. 

He supposed that he had, also, proof sufficient to con- 
vict the disguised men. He therefore informed the At- 
torney-General, and he caused them to be arrested and 
examined. The proof on the tribunal being in fault, the 
desperadoes were not convicted. The Attorney-General 
sued these tres|)assers for the damages they had done 
the State, and caused their logs to be attached, but 
finding from the failure of the original prosecution 
against the rioters that his civil suits would probably 
fail, lie settled wnth them on the best terms he could 
obtain, as he supposed; although it was alleged, on 
the other hand, that if he had prosecuted the suits, he 
would have recovered the full amount of damages. 

Believing, from the experience of the past year, that no 
reliance was to be placed upon the promises of the lum- 
berers, for they had the year before agreed not to use 
the hay they had been permitted to cut upon the public 
lands, averring that they had purchased it to use only in 
obtaining timber that they had purchased of proprietors, 
the Land Agent refused to permit the hay to be cut 
upon the meadows of the State, and gave public notice 
to that effect. This notice was disregarded, and the 
luraberjnen went on and cut the hay as usual. 

On learning this the Land Agent informed the Attorney- 
General, and proposed to go with sufficient force to bring 
off the trespassers. I'his course, being approved, the 
Sheriff was sent with a posse to take the trespassers; but 
when he arrived at the meadows no 'persons were to be 
found to arrest. Interested parties at Bangor and Old- 
town, who had become acquainted Avith the design of the 
Land Agent, anticipated the movements of the Sheriff, 
and the haymakers were all notified in season to take 
care of themselves, which they did. But the "grass was 
in swath, in winnow, and in cock." 

The order of the Agent to his deputy or assistant was 
that, if the Sheriff was defeated in making the arrest, the 
hay should be burnt — [^articular care being taken that 



every spark of fire afterwards should be extinguished. 
The order was obeyed, and the trespassers, finding them- 
selves defeated this time, gave vent to their indignation 
in various ways. Lieutenant-Governor Neptune was 
doubtless one of their instruments to create a prejudice 
through the letter which he caused to be published. 
Much was said on both sides, and a pretty extensive 
feeling was excited against the Agent ; but it is very cer- 
tain that, if it had not been for the lawless acts of the 
timber and hay thieves, there would have been no oc- 
casion of complaint against the Land Agent for burning 
their hay, or for any other proceeding against them. 

The lots on the westerly side of Main street, opposite 
West Market Square, owned by the Court-house cor- 
poration, were sold in December bv auction, and brought 
from fifty-four to seventy cents a square foot. 

A movement was started in Boston for the purpose of 
establishing a line of steamboats between that city and 
the State of Maine and the Provinces. This stimulated 
the citizens of Bath to add to their boats with a view to 
running the "Patent" between Bath and Owlshead. This 
led to the suggestion in Bangor to build a good boat to 
ply between Bangor and Owlshead, touching at towns 
upon the river, to give the people the advantage of steam 
travel to Boston. 

In this year a colored barber, by the name of Abra- 
ham Hanson, came to Bangor. He possessed much 
humor, much good nature, and had quite as much con- 
fidence in the sincerity of his fellow-men as was for his 
interest. As he afforded amusement to his customers he 
was well patronized, and was deemed worthy to have his 
portrait painted by Hardy, who retained it many years 
in his possession. He announced the different capacities 
in which he was willing to serve the public, in rhyme, 
thus: 

TO BE SH.WED OR NOT TO BE SHAVED. 

A. Hanson, the baiber, would publicly mention 
His trade and his goods, for they are worthy attention. 
His shop near the Court-house and A. Hasey's inn. 
Is always kept warm and decently clean; 
On whose pictured walls the artist displays 
Bold folly to scorn — modest virtue to praise. 
He'll shave you directly, without pain or delay. 
And always with thanks will pocket his pay. 
Your boots he'll polish, and your flowing hair 
Will neatly trim, and clean your coats with care. 
He'll sell cologne, to invigorate your looks. 
And, if you wish, soap, pomatum, or a shaving-bo.'c. 
He'll sell you razors, keen and polished well, 
(Not Pindar's razors, only made to sell). 
The ladies, too, his kind attentions share, 
He'll make them curls of any colored hair. 

While he was in Bangor the Greek cause was agitated, 
and his sympathies, in common with those of the citi- 
zens, were enlisted in their behalf. Being disposed to 
contribute to the extent of his ability towaids helping 
them in their struggle for independence, he advertised 
that he would devote a day in shaving for the benefit of 
the Greeks. As may be supposed the calls were as nu- 
merous as he could attend to. When the pay was ten- 
dered, however, he declined to take it, saying, with 
African simplicity, that he had given notice that he would 
shave for the benefit of the Greeks, and "d'ye spose I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



623 



will take pay when I shave for the benefit of the Greeks?" 
I . Among the new merchants of this year who estab- 
' lished themselves in Bangor, were Elmore Parker, Sam- 
uel B. Morrill, J. F. & E. Hatch, P. H. & J. J. Coombs, 
Thomas Furber, S. & H. Allen, George W. Randall, 
William A. Hatch, John Roberts, Stover Perkins & 
Thomas Hancock, and Thomas Green & Co. 

Edward Kent opened a law office in Bangor this year. 
His advertisement ran as follows: 

Euvv.XRD I'Cent, .\ttorney-at-I,aw. hastakenan office over Messrs. 
Fiskcs & Billings' store, and will attend to any professional business 
entrusted to his care. 

Bangor, Sept. 19, 1825. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

James Burton Takes as Partner John S. Carter — Burton ii: Carter Pub- 
lish the Register — Oliver Leonard — "Washington" Fire Engine — 
Edward Kent's First Office — John Wilkins .Appointed .Sherifi' — The 
I^ind .Agent's Action Relative to the Xortheasl Boundary Lands — 
Explains His Conduct in Regard to Timber, Trespassers, and Hay 
- His Receipts — Commission for Dividing Maine and Massachusetts 
Lands — "Hampden Volunteers" — Town's Riglil to Waive Election 
of Representative — Stillwater Bridge — Influenza— .Annual Meeting — 
Mary Leland — A Character Settled by Reference — Charles Rice .Ap- 
pointed County Treasurer — Brig " Bold Jack " — Brief History of Ban- 
gor" — Posse Comitatits and Trespassers — Nathaniel Hatch Chosen 
Captain of Militia — Fourth of July Claimed for All — "Penobscot 
Guards" — Supreme Judicial Court — Trial of Friend Watson — -Mr. 
Chick on His Feet .Again — ^Death of .Amos P.itten, Jr. — Citizens's 
Celebration of the Fourth — Blackguards — Death of .Adams and Jeffer- 
son — Singular Circumstance — Thomas }. Forbes, Preceptor of the 
Academy — Candidates for Office — Political Excitement — No Choice 
of Representative to Congress — Major Bent F^lected Representative 
to the Legislature — Business "Dispatch" — Willey Family De- 
stroyed—Steamer "New York" Burnt — Sale of TimbL'r I^ands— An 
Apology — Report on Fortifying the Penobscot — Penobscot Boom — 
Corporation — New Canvass for Representative to Congress — Mr. 
Williamson Withdraws, and Mr Wilkins Recommended — Samuel 
Call in the Field — .Vo Choice — Franklin House Opened — Scliool 
Books — Business Men — Tavlor & Brown — Winter Rhymes — Death of 
Tilly Brown. 

1826. This year commenced with a change in the 
management of the Bangor Register. Mr. James Bur- 
ton, Jr., who had served his apprenticeship with Peter 
J^des, in Augusla, and started the Augusta Patriot in 
March, 1817, and in December of the same year taken 
charge of the Register, and continued his connection with 
it and published it alone until now, concluded that he 
must have a partner in his labors. For eight years he 
had devoted all his ability to the Register, and, with an 
increasing family on his hands, hac] found it difficult, if 
not impossible, to make both ends meet. He therefore 
formed a connection with Mr. John Stearns Carter, a 
young printer of considerable ambition and industry. As 
lotteries were then deemed of importance, legal, fashion- 
able, and respectable, the firm added the business of sell- 
ing lottery tickets to that of printing the Register. In 
his salutatory Mr. Carter said he "would be always at 



his post, and use every exertion to accommodate the ad- 
vertising and other customers," and he was faithful to his 
promise. 

Oliver Leonard had removed from Brewer to Bangor, 
and gave notice that he would hold a Justice's Court ev- 
ery Wednesday, at 6 o'clock a. .m., at Mr. Hutchins's 
hotel. 

Mr. Leonard was a lawyer by ]jrofession, and was the 
first representative from Orrington to the General Court, 
in 1798. He was re-elected for several years. His suc- 
cessor was Joseph Carr, who .was succeeded by 
Titnothy Freeman, who was succeeded by Francis 
Carr. John Farrington succeeded Francis C"arr. Joshua 
Chamberlain succeeded Farrington, and Rev. Enoch 
Mudge succeeded Chamberlain. 

Mr. Leonard's residence in Orrington and Brewer was 
about a mile above the Brewer and Bangor Ferry, on lot 
No. 53, upon which John Thoms had settled. He ob- 
tained a title to the farm while Thoms occupied it, but 
Thoms, from some reason, forbade his taking possession, 
and drew a line in front of the house, over which he bade 
Leonard pass at his peril. He did so, and was shot and 
severely wounded by Thoms. For this exercise of his 
will Thoms was arrested, sent to Powralhorough, tried, 
convicted, and sentenced to sit on a gallows. He after- 
ward returned to Brewer and died there.'* 

Mr. Leonard's wife was an Englishwoman, and having 
an annuity, they lived at fust in some style. He was re- 
duced in circumstances wlien he removed to Bangor, and 
eked out a living as best he could. The annuity was 
stopped by a writ in chancery, but renewed after Mrs. 
Leonard's decease. 

The town had purchased a new fire-engine, built by 
Hunneman, and it arrived on the 7th of January. It 
was "a single lever village engine, of the first-class, con- 
structed on the old double-chamber principle," the 
chambers being five and a half inches in diameter and 
the length of stroke sixteen inches. It had a suction 
hose. On trial with a force of twenty-four men, it was 
considered a success. Mr. French had just erected the 
Exchange Coffee House, and as the engine threw water 
so as to wet the roof, and a hundred feet horizontally, it 
was thought that, with the old engine, the "Old Settler," 
it w-ould be suthcient for the [iresent wants of the town. 

A company was afterward organized to run with it. 
They named it the "Washington." They elected Edward 
K.ent their Captair., and this was the first public office 
that gentleman ever held in Bangor. 

During a session of the Court of Common Pleas in 
January, held by Judge Perham, sixteen verdicts in civil 
cases were rendered. 

John Wilkins was appointed Sheriff of the county. 

h convention of the niembers of both Houses of the 
Legislature nominated Enoch Lincoln as candidate for 
(iovernor. 

'I'he publisheis of the Register announced that Messrs. 
Burleigh & .'\rnold had provided for the Kennebec line 
of stages one of the niost elegant and convenient stage 
sleighs they had ever seen. It was upon double runners, 

* Bangor Centennial, 80. 



624 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1 



"very easy to the passengers," of which it was calculated 
to carry twelve inside. 

January found Mr. Zadock Davis still among the busi- 
ness men of Bangor, and still reminding his customers 
of the sheriff: 

D.ivis & Weed are friends indeed 

To tliose wlio pay in season: 
But those who pay at Judgment Day 
Are aslced to give the reason. 

At the time he published this premonition he adver- 
tised "To Sell or Let" a pew in the southeasterly corner 
of Rev. Mr. Pomroy's Meeting House. 

The Land Agent of Maine, James Irish, made a re- 
port to the Legislature, in which he stated that he and 
George W. Coffin, the Land Agent of Massachusetts, had 
made inquiries in pursuance of resolves of the Legisla- 
ture, with regard to the amount of timber cut upon the 
Aroostook and Madawaska rivers, under authority from 
the Government of New Brunswick, from a "mistaken 
view of the boundary line," and had visited Fredericton 
and left a written document with the Surveyor General 
of New Brunswick — William Baily — requesting the in- 
fonuation; that they had p(jsted u|) notices offering to 
give deeds to settlers of lands upon the St. John and 
Madawaska rivers, in actual possession, of one hundred 
acres each, for $10 and the cost of survey; that they took 
Mr. Baker in a batteau down the St. John River to the 
boundary — which is about thirty miles from the Mada- 
waska River, and about two miles above the Grand Falls 
— that the settlers upon the St. John were from nmety to 
an hundred rods apart; that he counted two hundred 
and twenty-two houses which averaged eight or ten in- 
habitants each, making in all about two thousand per- 
sons — a "very industrious, civil, and hospitable people, 
well deserving the fostering care of the Government;" 
that many of them had grants of their lands from New 
Brunswick, but placed little value upon them; that they 
were informed that the Home Government had given in- 
structions that no more permits be granted upon the 
Aroostook and Madawaska waters until the boundary 
line was established. 

Mr. Irish stated iiis proceedings under the resolve for 
the sale and the settlement of public lands and the pro- 
tection of the timber — that he learned at Passadumkeag 
and Piscataquis that trespassers were upon the undivided 
lands of Maine and Massachusetts, above the Ninth 
Range of townships, near the Nollesemic Indian town- 
ship, on the Salmon Stream, and the East Branch of 
the Penobscot, and on the Seboois emptying therein; 
upon the Mattawamkeag and Baskahegan; that he at- 
tempted to trace the lines and take an account of the 
timber, and ascertain the names of the trespassers ; that 
his agents were met by men blackened and disguised, 
calling themselves Mohawks, and threatened them with 
death if they attempted to proceed; that they returned 
with the best account of the tii^ber cut that he could ob- 
tain. He then details the attempts made to punish the 
trespassers and his want of success, as has been before re- 
lated in these pages. He gives an account of the defeat 
of the Sheriff when he went to arrest the trespassers and 
seize their implements, and was at a loss to know what 



course to pursue in regard to the hay he found cut. The 
trespassers carried on their operations in the summer, 
cutting trees standing near the river and rolling the logs 
in, and it was suspected that this kind of logging was to 
be carried on still. If he attached the hay he would be 
obliged to leave it, and it would be used as if it were not 
attached, to strip the land. The Land Agents of Maine 
and Massachusetts consulted together, and concluded 
that the only means left to protect the timber was to 
destroy the hay by fire, and joint orders were given to that 
effect, and the utmost care was enjoined. He proceeds: 
" The hay was accordingly destroyed ; and the Agent 
is happy to say without occasioning any damage or loss 
to public or private property, and has in a good degree 
had the desired effect. But few have had the hardihood 
and effrontery to continue their work of trespassing; and 
those few will, if it is not already done, be brought off by 
the proper authority, and a stop will be put to the per- 
nicious practice of taking timber without liberty." He 
found no difficulty on the Kennebec and Schoodic waters 
in protecting the timber belonging e.Kclusively to Maine. 

His net receipts from the public lands were $45,607.41. 

In January the Commissioners for dividing the lands 
held by Maine and Massachusetts, jointly, had surveyed 
422,025 acres to Massachusetts, and 420,488 acres to 
ALaine. 

A rifle company was organized in Hampden this 
month, called the "Hampden Volunteers." Adaffy Has- 
kins was made Captain; George Stetson, Lieutenant, 
and Jonathan T. Hardy, Ensign. 

A. Mr. Tenney entertained the people with a series of 
chemical lectures. They were of a popular character, 
designed to amuse much, instruct some, and put money 
in the purse of the lecturer. 

The questions having arisen whether a town having a 
right to choose a Representative, has the power to waive 
that right, and whether, where towns are classed for that 
purpose, minority towns have the right to send a Repre- 
sentative when the majority towns have voted not to do 
so, the House of Representatives submitted them to the 
Justices of the Supreme Court, and Justices Mellen and 
Weston answered them in the affirmative ; Justice Preble 
dissented on the first proposition, concurred in the last.* 

The Legislature incorporated the Stillwater Bridge 
Company this year. 

The influenza as an epidemic prevailed very exten- 
sively this y.ear. It was an uncomfortable and incon_ 
venient disorder, though not often fatal. 

Notwithstanding its prevalence, the business of the 
spring opened encouragingly, and the hopes were high of 
an excellent season. 

The meeting for the election of town officers was held 
on the 13th of March._ James Tilton, Isaac Hodsdon, and 
Howell Bean were chosen Selectmen ; Alexander Savage 
was chosen Clerk ; John Godfrey, Treasurer ; Jacob 
McGaw, Agent. The Superintending School Committee 
were Rev. Swan L. Pomroy, William D. Williamson, Ben- 
jamin Nourse, Joshua P. Dickinson, and Samuel Cull. 

At this time there died in Bangor a beautiful and in- 
*Maine Reports, Vol. 6, pp. 486 to 495. 




I2^e<nii/ ^t^c/. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



625 



teresting Indian girl. She was the daughter of a native 
doctor, Loland. Her name was Mary. She possessed a 
beautiful figure, and her countenance, though dark, was 
fine and expressive. There was a dignity in her bearing 
that attracted the attention of all who beheld her. And 
she was as good as she was beautiful. Brought up 
among savages, her habitation a wigwam, with few of 
the comforts and conveniences of civilized life, sur- 
rounded by companions whose influence was rather for 
evil than for good, her instincts and tastes led her to a 
higher plane. She felt the difficulties of her situation — 
destined to a life of barbarism surrounded by civilization. 
She was bound to her family, and no civilized family 
cared to make her its inmate. But a kind Providence 
cared for her. At the age of eigliteen she went into a 
consuni|ition, and in the wigwam of her parents, who 
loved and were kind and tender to her, though destitute 
of the means to make a sick bed comfortable — upon a 
bed of boughs, in one apartment where a family of eight 
persons lived and cooked, ate and slept, "she bore a 
long and distressing illness without a murmur, and with 
a patience and resignation which may truly be called 
Christian. She was sensible when her change drew nigh, 
and desired her mother not to weep for her when she 
died, saying she was willing to die, for she might grow 
wicked if she should live." 

Messrs. Burton &: Carter rejoiced in the agency of the 
Cumberland andO.xford Canal and the Sullivan Bridge 
Lotteries, and tickled the people with promises of "lots 
of cash." With all this cash business, however, it does not 
appear that either they or their customers ever became 
rich. 

Mr. Ezekiel Hayes, of Exeter, feeling aggrieved by 
words spoken by John Shaw in reference to hijn, which 
he regarded as defamatory to his character, they referred 
the matter to their neighbors, Francis Hill, Fiavel But- 
ters, Joseph Walker, Daniel Butters, Barachias Holt, and 
James Adams. These gentlemen reported that in their 
opinion "Mr. Shaw had no just cause for a reproach 
against Captain Hayes," and therefore "ought to make 
his acknowledgment as public as he made the re- 
proach." 

John Wilkins resigned the office of County Treasurer, 
and Charles Rice was appointed by the Court of Ses- 
sions. 

The connection of the St. John and Penobscot waters 
was at this time suggested. It was thought that a canal 
six miles in length would unite the Aroostook with the 
East Branch of the Penobscot, so that the lumber and 
produce of the fine country in the north of Maine might 
be brought to Bangor. 

On April 12th the famous firm of Davis & Weed 
dissolved copartnership. That was an unfortunate day 
for the muses. 

A brig, built by William Lowder, and owned by him 
and William V. Crane, called the Bold Jack, was 
launched. It was very much complimented for "beauty 
and strength." 

On the nth day of May the Register published a brief 
history of Bangor, which, with the aid of a friend, it had 
79 



some trouble to obtain. According to that history "the 
first settlements in the town commenced at a very remote 
period, and were probably amongst the first in New Eng- 
land, as there are traces of them now remaining whose 
origin cannot be learned from history, and tlie traditions 
of which are very obscure. They are supposed to have 
been made by the French, for they, when in possession 
of the territory in this region, called by them .'\cad e, and 
which extended as far west as the Kennebec, established 
a fort and trading-house within the limits of this town. 
These were probably abandoned during the French war 
of 1756. 

"Of subsequent events very little is known until the 
year 1772, when a number of families from old Massa- 
chusetts and New Hampshire removed hither. Among 
them was that of Thomas Howard, who is now living at 
an advanced age. A permanent settlement was then 
commenced, the trading-house re-established, and some 
soldiers, under the authority of the colonial government, 
stationed in this neighborhood. 

"In 1793 there were only forty-five ratable polls in the 
town, and in i7g6 but three dwelling-houses on the pres- 
ent site of the village." The writer says that the growth 
of the town was impeded by the Revolutionary war and 
the War of 181 2, and by the severe cold of three succes- 
sive seasons. The regular re-establishment of business 
may be dated from 181 7. The following are "the 
branches of business in which the population is now en- 
gaged, with the number;" 

Merchants, 44; bookstores, 2; printing offices, 2; 
lawyers, 13; doctors, 3; apothecaries, 2; watchmakers, 
2; tinmen, 2; machinist, i; blacksmiths, 5; shoemakers, 
4; tailors, 5; mantua-makers and milliners, 7; cabinet- 
makers, 4; painters, 4; coopers, 3; hatters, 2; saddlers, 2; 
masons, 4; tanners, 2; pump- and block-makers, 2; vict- 
ualling cellars, 4; bakers, i; taverns, 6; barbers, 2. There 
were four religious societies, Congregationalist, Baptist, 
Unitarian, and Methodist. 

There was still trouble between the State and the tres- 
passers. The latter had become so accustomed to ap- 
propriating the timber of the public lands to their own 
use that the Land .\gents were constrained to take ex- 
treme legal measures to satisfy them that the property of 
Government was to be protected, as well as that of indi- 
viduals. Consequently Sheriff Wilkins was sent to take 
possession of the logs that had been cut on the joint 
lands of Maine and Massachusetts. The trespassers, 
however, essayed to try their strength against that of the 
States and re-took the logs and forcibly retained them, 
converting sonae of them into boards. 'Y\\t posse comila- 
tus was called out and, as is usual where the odds are so 
great. Government was triumphant. 

Nathaniel Hatch was chosen captain of the company 
of militia of the town, in place of Captain William Ran- 
dall, resigned. Thomas Hancock was chosen lieutenant, 
in place of Joseph K. Lumbert, appointed adjutant, and 
Francis Fowler was chosen ensign. 

A little excitement was created this year by an effort 
on the part of certain religious people to appropriate the 
celebration of the anniversary of Independence to them- 



626 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



selves and such as entertained similar religious views. It 
was thought that as the anniversary was national so nar- 
row a way of celebrating it should be stamped out; and 
it was. The "American Colonization Society" was to 
reap the benefit of the celebration in the form of a con- 
tribution! But the people bestirred themselves to get up 
a general celebration, in which all might indulge in a lit- 
tle patriotic enthusiasm. 

Orono was not without its military enterprise. A com- 
pany of light infantry was organized there this year, 
called the Penobscot Guards. lohn Bennock, Jr., was 
its captain; John T. Davis, lieutenant; Herman White, 
ensign. 

The Supreme Court, with Justices Mellen and Preble 
upon the Bench, commenced its session on June 13. 
Charles Stetson, of Hampden, Nathaniel Hatch, of Ban- 
gor, and James S. Holmes, of Foxcroft, were admitted 
to practice as attorneys. 

At this session Friend Watson was indicted for setting 
fire to Mr. Chick's stable and occasioning the destruction 
of so much property the year previous, but was acquitted 
on the ground of insanity. He was confined in the 
Alms-house for many years, and at length died in the 
Insane Hospital in x'\ugusta. 

James Potter and two others learned at this session 
that there was a day of retribution for bearding the 
State. They were convicted of assault and resisting a 
Sheriff and the Land Agent, and were sentenced to two 
months' imprisonment in the county jail. 

Mr. Chick having been driven from his old quarters 
on Fish street, established himself in a building on the 
westerly side of Water street, in which the Bangor Bank 
first opened business. It stood perhaps from one hun- 
dred and fifty to two hundred feet from Main street, 
opposite what is now- Pickering Square. He called it 
the Maine Coffee House. The green peas came along 
the 1 2th of June this year, but Mr. Chick's name was 
not in connection therewith. He had become an auc- 
tioneer, and had so much other business upon his hands 
that he left the raising of peas to Mr. William Thompson, 
Mr. Fifield, and others. 

In June of this year Mr. Amos Patten, long a leading 
citizen, was afflicted by the loss of his only child, Amos 
Patten, Jr., at the age of seventeen years. He was a 
lad of great promise, and his death was generally la- 
mented. 

The leaders of the movement against a sectarian cele- 
bration of the Fourth of July — Allen Oilman, John Wil- 
kins, Samuel Lowder, Z. Rogers, John ^V'illiams, 
Thornton McGaw, Samuel Call, and others — having 
organized a celebration at Mr. Chick's Coffee-house, car- 
ried it into effect, to the satisfaction of a goodly portion 
of the people. 

Colonel Zebediah Rogers, as Chief Marshal, assisted 
by Captain Waldo T. Pierce and Lieutenant Samuel 
Thatcher, Jr., led a procession from the Court-house to 
the meeting-house, where Rev. Mr. Goldsbury, of the 
Unitarian -Society, officiated as chaplain, Hon. William 
D. Williamson read the Declaration of Independence, 
Thornton McGaw, Esq., delivered the oration. The 



Mozart Society sang the following hymn, written for the 
occasion by Samuel Lowder, Jr., Esquire: 

O Tliou who wast our father's God; — 

Thro' the wide wilderness and wave, 
Thro' all the perilous paths they trod, 

Thou who didst cherish them and save; — 

Great God of Battle ! to whose shield 

In war's dire conflict they did flee; 
Who gav'st the heart that would not yield 

To aught on earth .sa\e Truth and Thee; — 

Giver of sweetest peace ! whose hand, 

When war's destruction passed away, 
Didst heal and bless our favor'd land. 

And light up Freedom's purest ray; — 

O be propitious, gracious still; — 

Father of mercies! Thou alone 
Canst guide us by Thy sovereign will, 

And bless us, suppliants at. Thy throne. 

After the services at the meeting-house, the jjrocession 
re-formed and marched to Hutchins's hotel, where a 
"handsome dinner was provided." 

A patriotic company, presided over by "Allen Gilnian, 
Esq., assisted by General Joseph Treat, Mr. James Cros- 
by, Major David J. Bent, Samuel Lowder, and Samuel 
Call, Esqrs., as Vice-Presidents, partook of the dinner. 

The following volunteer sentiments by a son and his 
father indicate a somewhat different kind of culture in 
each : 

"By S. Lowder, Jr., Esq. The Orator of the Day: 
The eloquent advocate of liberty, of the liberty which, to 
use his own language, 'is on the march, and will march 
until the sun shall no longer look upon a slave.'" 

"By Samuel Lowder, Esq. Fourth of July, 1776: Its 
spirit, meliorated by the lapse of fifty years, has lost none 
of its strength, but is still fourth-proof" 

These men, as well as the orator. Presidents, and Vice- 
Presidents, and all whose names have been mentioned 
as connected with the celebration have been dead many 
years. Most of them lived to witness such an agitation 
of the principles which they that day celebrated as they 
never had conceived could exist. None of them, how- 
ever, — unless Major Bent is an exception, — lived to wit- 
ness the culmination of that agitation in the greatest re- 
bellion that ever existed among civilized men, in the 
sacrifice of millions of treasure and a million lives, the 
emancipation of four millions of slaves, and the martyr- 
dom of a President of their Republic. 

Notwithstanding good influences had been operating 
for many years to make Bangor an exemplary town, yet 
blackguards, low-minded and malicious persons, occa- 
sionally got into it and caused annoyance. On the 29th 
of June the Selectmen were constrained to offer a reward 
of $30 for the detection of the person or persons who, 
on the night before, smeared the store of Messrs. Barrel! 
& Randall, and the office of Hon. William 1). William- 
son, with black paint. 

The report of the death of ex-President John .Adams 
and Thomas Jefferson on the Fourth of July, readied 
Bangor before the 13th, and created a profound sensa- 
tion. The former was ninety years of age, and the latter 
eighty-three years, three months, and two days. 

On that day, at a celebration in Hampden, Simeon 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



627 



Fowler, Esq., of Orrington, whose name is associated 
with the first settlements in Orrington and Bangor, and 
who was now eighty-nine years of age, by particular re- 
quest, sang a patriotic song. Enoch Brown, Esq., deliv 
ered the oration on that occasion. It was pronounced 
"pertinent and eloquent." 

Ezekiel Fisher Crane, Esq., delivered an eloquent ora- 
tion at Corinth. 

No less than fourteen Sheriff's sales were advertised in 
the Register of July 13 — an indication that some kinds 
of business were overdone. 



On July i; 



'elegant standard" was presented to 



the Penobscot Guards in Orono, by Miss Bathsheba 
Holland, with an appropriate address. 

Five brigs, five sloops, and twenty-five schooners lay in 
the port of Bangor on July 27, the largest number then 
ever known at that season of the year. 

Mr. Chick came forward witii his green corn on that 
day. 

A very singular circumstance occurred on the 2d of 
August. A flock of seven geese belonging to Mr. Dole, 
of Orrington, were sitting in the road opposite his house, 
when a storm with thunder and lightning came up, and 
a bolt fell and destroyed the whole flock, without dis- 
turbing a particle of earth or, from appearances, a spear 
of grass. 

The Register was of opinion that a great change had 
taken place in Bangor in twenty-five years. .-\t the be- 
ginning of that quarter of a century, if a stranger of 
respectable appearance rode into the town on a tolerable 
horse, his name, residence, and business were known in 
a few hours through all the village. At its close, coaches, 
curricles, barouches, and carriages of every description 
came and went unheeded. 

Thomas Jefferson Forbes, Esq., was in charge of the 
Bangor Academy this year. 

David J. Bent was again nominated for the Legislature. 

The political season having arrived, there were candi- 
dates in abundance for Representative to Congress. 
Enoch Eincoln was the only candidate for Covernor, and 
Charles Rice for County Treasurer and Register of 
Deeds; but Samuel Butman and Thomas Dawes were 
nominated as opposing candidates for the Senatorship ; 
Jacob McGavv, William D. Williamson, David Perham, 
and Jonathan Farrar were nominated, and "Major" 
Simon Harriman nominated himself, as opposing candi- 
dates for Representative to Congress. 

The canvass became very exciting. A writer under 
the name of "27 Delegates" proclaimed that Mr. Wil- 
liamson was the only candidate of the Republicans of the 
Old School, that he had always been uniform in his 
politics; had served the people in several capacities and 
given uniform satisfaction; had once represented the 
District in Congress "with honor to himself and to the 
entire satisfaction of his constituents." On the other 
hand, Mr. McGaw had uniformly been a Federalist; had 
directly opposed every measure of the Administration 
during the difficulties and war with Great Britain ; op- 
posed the separation; had always been defeated when a 
candidate; and had the nomination in the convention 



over Mr. Williamson, because the majority were avowed 
Federalists. 

"Freeman" follows in a similar strain. "Mr. William- 
son was a Federalist," etc. 

"Orono" sings the praises of Mr. McGaw in this style: 

W'c rejoice with joy unspealiable that tins nomin.ilion was made. 
We do not hesitate to believe and state that, for integrity, firmness, in- 
teUigence, and every virtue and ornament tiiat can adorn a generous 
and cultivated mind, the character of Colonel McCjaw would lose 
nothing by comparison with the iri«-/i/i:st Among the worthies that grace 
tile (.'ounty of Penobscot, and the most suisLiiititi! patriots that can be 
numbered. Nt' is the man of the people. Believing that Colonel Mc- 
Gaw will represent this District with honor, with dignity, and with 
majesty, uv shall cordially give him our sufi'rages. 

But Simon Harriman considered it far more manly to 
ask for the suffrages of the people himself than to be 
influenced by "that extreme modesty which induces gen- 
tlemen to crawl behind the scenes and seek a nomination 
through the management of friends or the contrivance of 
a packed convention." 

He flattered himself "that Wk ngs, gi'avify, experience, 
long residence in and knowledge of the interests of the 
district, and, what his opponents must be willing to allow 
him, his good sense and sound judgment, will be full as 
serviceable to him in judging of public men and meas- 
ures as the empty verbosity of some or the vanity and 
assumed importance of others." He was- " no lawyer, 
to assist in encumbering the statute-book with entangling 
laws ; no politician, to contrive perplexing plans and art- 
ful measures for private aggrandizement ; no schemer for 
possible public good with the certain loss of good public 
moneys ; no partisan, ready to sacrifice any and every- 
thing to the interest of party ; — but one who will en- 
deavor to be an honest and upright man, whose aim it is 
to attain to the greatest possible good by the simplest, 
most direct, fair, and honest means." There was no ques- 
tion that Major Harriman's brains wrought over a forge. 

"A Republican of '76" was grieved because the Re- 
publicans were overslaughed by the Federalists in the 
Convention. Mr. Williamson had been elected to Con- 
gress over Mr. McGaw and others who ran as Federal 
candidates against him, and now he would have the 
friends of Mr. Williamson bolt the nominee of the con- 
vention, for the reason, as he says, that the said nominee 
"had exhibited no evidence of political conviction or 
conversion." 

"An Elector" denied that a majority of the conven- 
tion were avowed Federalists, and said that forty of the 
sixty delegates were Democratic Re[)ublicans, as the list 
showed; that Mr. McGaw voted for Monroe and Adams; 
and that the opposers of Mr. Adams "are now the most 
virulent opposers of Mr. McGaw." 

" Moderato" ridicules "P'reeman," deprecates the call- 
ing an opponent "a Federalist," as if names were of any 
importance when men of good morals and abilities 
should be the candidates for office. He had no particu- 
lar choice in regard to the two candidates ; wished the 
best man to be elected, whether it may be one of them 
or some other person. 

"Democrats of 1798, Republicans of 1814," did not 
want a Federalist of the Hartford Convention school, 
like Mr. McGaw, or a Republican who "grew fearful in 



628 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



the hour of danger, who deserted the Administration in 
the late war and joined the Federal o|iposition under 
DeWitt Clinton, as Mr, Williamson did; but a man of 
more correct principles, who would not desert his party, 
such as Jonathan Farrar, of Dexter." 

"A Republican" was astonished that Mr. McGaw 
should have heen nominated by this Republican county 
as a candidate for Congress. 

"Somerset" was opposed to Mr. McGaw, because he 
was not and never had been a Republican. He had 
been the "denouncer of JefRrson, the revilerof Madison, 
and the sycophant of Strong." 

"Candour" says it is painful "to see our Newspapers 
the vehicles of slander and bitter invective;" that the 
articles of "Subscriber" and "Castigator," which "sullied 
the columns of the Register," must "reflect disgrace 
upon their authors," and it was to be hoped that their in- 
decent and abusive example would " not be imitated by 
the friends of the very lespectable and worthy gentleman 
[Mr. Williamson] whose honestly acquired fame had ren- 
dered him an object of envy with the victims of disap- 
pointed ambition." 

" Castigator" said that his communication had thrown 
the supporters of Mr. Williamson off their guard. They 
now raised the cry of "scurrility , Disagreeable truths 
thev called scurrility. He should spare Mr. Williamson 
for the present, as he had heard it suggested that he was 
to withdraw from the canvass. 

".\ Farmer" wanted to know what "rotation in office" 
meant. 

"A Mechanic" likes to see "men of stern integrity and 
competent abilities elected to olfice by fair means," and 
when a man is nominated for office, he likes to see him 
remain perfectly passive and let the people act as they 
think best. He don't like to see men of mean abilities 
and questionable integrity thrusting themselves into notice, 
boasting of their Republicanism, and charging their oppo- 
nents with a want of moral principle; their near relations 
helping them; professing to be Christians; reviling their 
fellows of the same profession; being in public otfice 
crying with the horse-leech, give, give, and just before 
election fawning about men whom a few days before he 
would not speak to in the street. 

"No Fiction " flings to the world 

"A NEW SONG TO AN OLD TUNE." 
I. 

Election day is fast approaching, 

Cheerlv O. O, cheerlv O. 
Some on our riglits will be encroaching, 

Drearily O, O, drearily, O. 

2. 

Who from ruin now shall save us? 

Harriman O, O, Harriman O; 
He'll guard the rights our fathers gave us, 

Cheerly man O, O, cheerly man O. 

3- 
In politics he's all perfection, 

Cheerly man O, O, cheerly man O; 
"Witness John Quincy's late e'ection; 

Harriman O, O, Harriman O. 

4- 
As a mechanic he is able, 

Harriman O, O, Harriman O, 



To furnish pitchforks for our stable, » 

Cheerly man O, O, cheerly man O. 

5- 
His fame through all the country soundeth, 

Cheerly O, O, cheerly O, 
From one to five miles it reboundeth, 

Merrily O. O, merrily O, 
6. 
Prove he's the man of your appointment, 

Cheerly O, O, cheerly O. 
And he'll drop the trade of mtking ointment; 

Merrily O, O, merrily O. 

"Bangor" was of opinion that the electors of the dis- 
trict should give their "suffrages to the firm and decided 
friends of the National Administration," whatever their 
preliminaries in politics might have been. Samuel But- 
man, an old Republican, had been nominated for Sen- 
ator, and Jacob McGaw, an old Federalist, had been 
nominated for Representative to Congress, and were the 
friends of the Administration; therefore they should be 
elected. 

A somewhat obscure writer intimates that it is under- 
stood by some "that the Hon. S. H,, the inventor of the 
celebrated Cutaneous Liniment, and the favorite of Vul- 
can and Esculapius, is about to journey through a neigh- 
boring county for the benefit of health, and to eradicate 
the diseases of others, especially of the Scotch species. 
But those who see deeper into a millstone, whisper that 
the journey is, in truth, of a political nature." 

A county convention in Somerset, which was exclu- 
sively Republican, did not concur in the nomination of 
Mr. McGaw. 

A candidate to represent the district in Congress was 
advertised for, who "must be a man of honesty, integrity, 
firmntss, indejjendence, and a t<jlerable share of modesty, 
good common sense, and a good common-school educa- 
tion. But none having a diploma of law, physics, or 
divinity, need apply." 

"A Citizen" deprecated the action of the Somerset 
convention. He was of opinion that if they had re- 
flected on the changes in the Government and in the 
two great parties in the last ten years, "their partiality to 
the present administration would have prevented their 
making any invidious distinction between Federalist and 
Republicar." 

"A Backwoodsman," in reply to "A Republican of 
'76," says: "Well, after the general notice, if Republi- 
cans enough could not be found to form a convention, 
or righteous persons enough to save the city from fire 
and brimstone, what can we do? Why, do as well as we 
can; and choose enough out of the second best to hold 
a convention, and save the city in that way." This was 
done; no unfairness was practiced. 

"A Revolutionary Soldier" comes out in a tirade 
against Crawfordism and the evil it has done, and favors 
the election of Mr. McGaw, as a man "of fair character, 
a firm friend of the administration, capable and honest." 
"But it seems he has a competitor in the famous W. D. 
Williamson, of office-seeking memory; for a specimen of 
whose talents I refer you to his speech on the late Presi- 
dent Adams's bust, and his speech in Congress on cir- 
cumcision." 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



629 



"Fair Play" saj-s he is neither a friend nor an enemy 
of Mr. Williamson, but rather an '■'arnicas ciiricaiie — a 
kind of go-between, whose business it is to prove that 
both sides are altogether in the wrona;, and neither of 
them at all to blame.'' After a scathing review of Mr. 
Williamson's course in the canvass, he concludes: "I 
appeal to the candor of his opponents to say whether, 
placed in precisely the situation of Mr. W., they would 
have man aged better then he has done." 

".\ Republican of 18 15" is astonished at the "abuse 
and obloquy poured out u[)i)n the character of Judge 
Williamson." If his reputation is thus to "be aspersed 
with impunity, there is no character so pure as not to be 
polluted by the breath of slander." He enumerates 
the offices he has held with honor; how he has been the 
friend of the people, while other lawyers were opposing 
them, cursing their politics, and calling them a "swinish 
multitude." 

"Brewer" inquires: "What are Mr. McGaw's claims? 
Whatever opinions we may entertain concerning him as 
a citizen or as a lawyer, we must award him the sentence 
of all antecedent tune, that he is not a man of the peo- 
ple — that he does not possess those qualifications requi- 
site to public employment." 

".■\rator :" "Mr. McGaw is as bitter a Federalist as he 
was in the time of the embargo and war. Mr. William- 
son, though he professes to be a Republican, has 
neither talent nor energy sufficient to represent the Re- 
publicans." He then enlarges on the e.xcellencies of 
Jonathan Farrar as a candidate. Full confidence might 
be had in him. 

"An Elector" is of opinion that if there was truth in 
half that had been said against Mr. Williamson and Mr. 
McGaw, both ought to be set aside and David Perham 
elected, against whom nothing could be objected. 

"Bangor" is strongly laudatory of "Hiin. Simon Har- 
riman," whose "undoubted talents, strict integrity, and 
undeviating [irinciples" had long since marked him as the 
man whom the people delighted to honor. He stood 
alone on his own naked merits, and if his friends did 
their duty he would receive a vote worthy of his inde- 
pendence of character and integrity and soundness of 
judgment. 

"(^astigator" criticises "Candor," etc., says that he 
shall leave Mr. Williamson to the full enjoyment of their 
panegyrics, as he found that under the castigation he had 
administered even his opposers pitied him, and bade 
that gentleman take his chance at the polls, as he should 
raise no more sympathies in his favor. 

The reader will gather from the foregoing abstracts 
the manner in which a political campaign was conducted 
in Penobscot about half a century ago. The candidates 
nominated by conventions and by individuals were re- 
spectable men. It is not to be supi)osed that any body of 
men or any man would be so stupid as to nominate a 
person who was not of avemge respectability — unless, 
peradventure, he should nominate himself — with the ex- 
pectation of ijrocuring for him a decent support. But it 
mattered not who were the candidates; when one ob- 
tained sufficient prominence he was pursued by the 



friends of the others with a bitterness that would be 
hardly excusable in savages. Like death they nuisued 
the shining maik; no matter how sensitive the subject or 
how pure his life, if there was the least flaw in the armor 
of his character it was found and pierced, and reamed 
and rasped, until it would seem to be the most lickety, 
unsubstantial character in existence. 

The effect of all this miserable discussion with the 
electors in the district will be gathered from the vote. 
Mr. McGaw, the regular nominee of the district, received 
1,162 votes; Ml. Williamson, the irregular nominee, re- 
ceived 1,427. Of the nominees of individuals, Mr. Far- 
rar received 169; Judge Perham, 117 ; General Herrick, 
92; Daniel Wilkins, 46; Benjamin Nourse, 29; and 
"Major" Hariiuian, who nominated himself", 211; scat- 
tering, 54. Necessary to choice 1,669. The vote of 
Bangor was 112 for McGaw; 33 for Williamson; 33 for 
Harriman; 18 scattering. 

The meeting tor the choice of Representative was held 
on the nth of September. A week afterwards Mr. \Vil- 
liamson attem|)teJ to close the office of the Register by 
attaching the printing materials, in a suit on a demand 
of $281 which he had held against Mr. Burton for 
several years, and which Mr. Burton said his creditors 
had assured him should not be pressed to cause him dis- 
tress. This act embittered Mr. Williamson's enemies 
more than ever against him, and caused his friends much 
regret. Whether he deserved it or not, he was thought 
to be actuated by feelings of revenge. He may have ob- 
tained payment of the debt from the friends of Messrs. 
Burton & Carter, who would not have the paper dis- 
continued; but he lost much of that sympathy which the 
virulent attack upon him had awakened in the bosoms of 
many of his supporters. 

The candidates for Representative to the Legislature 
were David J. Burt, Thomas A. Hill, and W'llliam Neil. 
There was no choice. Joseph Treat was afterwards 
brought into the field, but after the third balloting. Major 
Bent was elected. 

A.i this period goods came to Bangor by sailing vessels. 
It was considered " dispatch " when a gentleman went 
from Bangor to Boston, selected $3,000 worth of various 
kinds of goods, shipped them on board a sailing vessel, 
in which he took passage, and had the goods opened and 
marked, and was selling them in Bangor in just one week 
after he left the town to purchase the goods.* 

On the 28th of August the slide in the Notch of the 
White Mountains occurred, which destroyed the W'illey 
family. The report of this calamity created a profound 
sensation. 

On the 24th the steam-packet New York, which had 
some time before visited Bangor, was burnt near Petit 
Menan Island on her passage from Boston to Eastport. 

General Irish, the Land Agent, offered for sale at 
Jacob Chick's inn, on September 21st., the west half 
of Township No. 3, Third Range ; Nos. i and 3, Fourth 
Range; Nos. i, 2,3, .V, and Tract Z, Sixth Range; i and 
3, Seventh Range, by Norris & .McMillan's plan, and 
tract E, of Third Range, north of the iMattawamkeag and 

*I<ufus Dwinel. 



630 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



south of the Monument line. As no minimum price was 
fixed and a third of the purchase money was required 
down, only one tract of twenty-one acres was struck off. 
The ability of such as wanted to buy was too limited for 
so large purchases. 

Mr. Reuben Bartlett, of Garland, thought the occa- 
sion required that he should publicly inform the gentle- 
men who convened at Garland to ascertain the state of 
the vote in that Representative class, on the 13th of 
September, that he did not intend to slight Esquire 
Wheeler (they not being personally unfriendly) in not 
extending a special invitation to him to drink, because 
he did not vote for him — a matter for which he did not 
care, as every one had the right to vote as he pleased — 
when he included him in the general invitation. There 
were some diffident peisons to whom he spoke particu- 
larly, without intending to slight any. He added, for 
the benefit of those who had misrepresented his religious 
principles, that he believed in a just God who would, 
"most assuredly, chastise vile calumniators." 

In October the circus, with its "ground and lofty 
tumbling," Shetland pony, hunted tailor, etc., ex- 
hibited at Hutchins's hotel to the great delectation of the 
grown and small boys. 

On October 12 the "Debating Society" assembled 
at the ofifice of Edward Kent, and discussed the question 
whether "it was commendable in a candidate for office 
to be active in promoting his own election." 

The Stillwater bridge in Orono was completed this 
month. In the Report to Congress of the Board of En- 
gineers for the Defense of the Seaboard, the Penobscot 
Bay was stated to be an important part of the coast. 
"Upon this bay," it says, "and upon the river of the 
same name flowing into it, are situated several flourish- 
ing towns and villages. Of the many bays which inter- 
sect this coast, the Penobscot is the one which presents 
the greatest number of safe and extensive anchorages; 
their number, indeed, is such as to render it inexpedient 
to attempt, under present circumstances, the defense of 
them. . . It is necessary, however, to protect the 
valuable commerce of the bay and river, and to afford a 
secure retreat for such vessels as, endangered by an 
enemy, may be enabled to place themselves under the 
protection of the works to the right or left of the bay. 
The lowest point at which the object can be accomplished, 
without great expense, is at the narrows of the river op- 
posite Bucksport, and the Board have accordingly 
presented a project for a fort at that position, accom- 
panied by a memoir and estimate; the expense is es- 
timated at $101,000." 

Thirty-two vessels were in port on the twenty-third day 
of November. 

The Penobscot Boom Corporation was. organized this 
year. Messrs. Fiske & Bridge, of Boston, erected this 
year two double saw-mills in Milford, at the foot of Old- 
town Falls. They also erected a dam across the main 
channel of the Penobscot, having a sluice, sixty feet 
wide, for the passage of rafts. But the sluice was of no 
value, and the dam was thought by many to be a nui- 
sance, as persons having lumber above could not get it 



over the Falls as they could before the dam was built. i| 
There was great dissatisfaction, when the proprietors aL-jl 
tered the sluice, and the lumber public was accorafci) 
modated. 

The i8th of December having been appointed for.ail 
new trial for a Representative to Congress, "Elector" 
nominated Samuel Call as a candidate. "Penobscot" 
had no hesitation in saying that Jacob McGaw's qualifi- 
cations entitled him to the entire confidence of the elec- 
tors. Another "Penobscot" thought poorly of Mr. 
Williamson, better of Mr. McGaw, but Samuel Call was 
preferable to either. "Kenduskeag" also was pleased 
with the nomination of Mr. Call, and was severe upon 
the lawyers. 

"Philo" was of o|jinion that, as the subjects of the 
Northeastern boundary, our claims for indemnification for 
trespasses on our timber lands, the navigation of our 
waters, the defense of the country, a military road from 
the head of our tide-waters to the St. John River, a col- 
lection district for the county of Penobscot, the interrup- 
tion of our fisheries, the capture of our vessels by the, 
Biitish ship Dotterell, were pending before Congress, we 
ought to have a gentleman there to protect our rights "of 
paramount natural and acquired accomplishments," and 
he wished to know of the gentlemen who had made the 
new nomination "how many of these paramount qualifi- 
cations their candidate was supposed to possess." He 
thought, as it had been suggested that Judge Williamson 
had withdrawn, and the people of the county were so in- 
different in regard to a candidate, there would be no 
election at the next trial. 

"An Elector" nominated John Wilkins as preferable 
to the other candidates. 

"Justitia" says in regard to Mr. Wilkins: "The ambi- 
tion of filling a public office, no matter how unsuitable 
our talents or incompetent our powers to discharge the 
duties of it, has become proverbial. Give a man a taste 
of public life and he hungers and thirsts eternally. The- 
persons who had nominated Mr. \Vilkins had been for a 
year circulating reports detrimental to him, and now had' 
signed a circular recommending him for office. There 
is something so abhorrent to good sense and propriety in 
this as -to excite in every breast emotions of indigna- 
tion." 

At a meeting of Democratic Republicans of Bangor 
and neighboring towns, on November 23, Joshua Cham- 
berlain Chairman, and Peleg Chandler Secretary, "inas- 
much as Mr. Williamson declined to be considered a 
candidate for Representative to Congress," John Wilkins 
was recommended. 

"Philo Justitia," in a long, wordy article, in which he 
made some fiings at Mr. Williamson and Mr. McGaw, 
thought the private caucus that nominated Mr. Wilkins 
was composed of "treacherous friends and open ene- 
mies." 

"Justitia " comes out against IMcGaw and Wilkins, and 
squarely for Call as the most suitable and best qualified 
of either of the candidates. 

Mr. McGaw — a lawyer who confined himself to his 
profession and generally had little to do with politics — 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



631 



had been brought forward by his friends, who knew his 
genial and kindly qualities, but who were not intimate 
enough with him to understand the sensitiveness of his na- 
ture. There was one mean calumniator, however, who 
did understand that, and he did not hesitate to use his 
knowledge to get so formidable an antagonist out of the 
wav of /lis candidate. He was probably one of those 
who marched with such courageous celerity from Hamp- 
den in September, 1814. He called himself "Scrutator," 
and produced from the town records the copy of a peti- 
tion, of the contents of which he knew that Mr. 
McOaw knew nothing when it was signed, and had 
remained ineffectual afterwaids; accompanied by an ac- 
cusation which in the morbid condition of the public 
mind at the time he had reason to believe must operate 
injuriously to him, false and malicious as it was. The 
petition was this: 

Ti' the Selectmen of Bangor ; Whereas we, the subscribers, have 
witnessed and felt, with deep sensibility and concern, the inroads and 
breaches made upon the Constitution of the United States and laws, 
too grievous to be borne, made by those whose duty it is to govern tlie 
Union with honest moderation and profitable justice; and wliereas, 
after wailing seven years, with a hope that the evils we have felt from 
the General Government would come to an end, and seen the vanity of 
supplicating them for relief— we despair, and rest our hope only on the 
Government of Massachusetts, to which we naturally owe allegiance. 

We feel desirous that the people of the town of Bangor shouM assem- 
ble in town meeting for the purpose of memorializing the Legislature 
of the State on the subject of the iniquitous, oppressive, and unconstitu- 
tional laws passed by Congress, and praying them to adopt measures 
to relieve us against their operation. Wherefore we request you to 
issue vour warrant, whereby the inhabitants of the town of Bangor 
may be notified to meet on Monday ne.xt, at two of the clock in the 
afternoon, at such place as you may think proper to appoint, to act on 
the following proposition : To memorialize in the form of petition, res- 
olution, or otherwise, the General Court of the Commonwealth of Mas- 
sacliusetls. expressing to them the views of said inhabitants in respect 
to the Administration of the Government of the United States, and re- 
questing them to take measures, such as in their wisdom shall seem 
best, to alTord said inhabitants, and the other citizens of the Common- 
wealth, relief from the operation of some of the unnecessary and in- 
iquitous l.iws passed by the Congress of the United States. 

Bangor, February 15, 1814. 

"The above petition was signed by nine persons, 
among whom were Jacob McGaw and some of his most 
strenuous supporters." 

This malignant and unscrupulous writer then charges 
Mr. McGaw with friendship for the enemy in this man- 
ner; "When the English were in Bangor in 18 14, Barry, 
the English commander, ordered the inhabitants to as- 
semble at the Court-house and sign a parole not to serve 
against the English during the war. The inhabitants of 
the town paid little or no attention to the demand. Bar- 
ry, disappointed at not seeing them, was apparently in a 
great rage. This Mr. McGaw, who was near, says to him 
[these are the very words], 'Commodore, we have no 
music by which to collect them ; if you will furnish me 
witii a drummer and fifer, I will go round and bring them 
in.' Barry ordered out a drummer and fifer, and Mc- 
Gaw marched th rough the village at their head, and col- 
lected some who took the oath. This he did with an 
unblushing countenance and elastic step, as if he gloried 
in his shame. And is this volunteer lacquey of a British 
commander, and he such a brute as Barry, to be our 
member of Congress ? Forbid it, Patriotism. Forbid it. 
Decency." 



The facts were, with regard to the petition, that it was 
handed to Mr. McGaw for his signature by one in whoiti 
he had confidence, saying it was a request for a town 
meeting to consider the existing state of things; and he, 
being otherwise occupied, put his name to it without 
reading it. When the town-meeting assembled and the 
petition was read, Mr. McGaw moved that the meeting 
adjourn without action and without day, as has been 
stated elsewhere in these .Annals. The subject-matter of 
the petition was thought not to be proper to be even de- 
bated, and it was not. .As to the other allegation, Mr. 
McGaw "was ordered under guard by Barry for attempt- 
ing to procure the release of some of the citizens of 
Hampden, who were then imprisoned on board the 
enemy's vessels." He was active in rendering every as- 
sistance in his power to his fellow-citizens, and in so do- 
ing he was compelled to submit to many indignities. 
The citizens were all prisoners of war until the parole was 
signed, and the will of the conquerors was their law, 
except to do things dishonorable ; and of that Mr. Mc- 
Gaw would not be guilty. 

"A Republican" sounds the trumpetfor JohnWilkinsas 
a man of undoubted integrity, sound judgment, extensive 
general and political information, a firm and undeviating 
Republican and supporter of John Quincy .Adams. 

A meeting of the friends of the .Administration on 
November 30th, at which Joseph Carr presided, with 
James Crosby Secretary, dissented from the nomination 
of Mr. Wilkins as not a friend of the National .Adminis- 
tration, and sustained the nomination of Mr. McCiaw, as 
made by "a numerous and respectable convention of Re- 
publicans." 

Whereupon William D. Williamson, William Emerson, 
Joshua Chamberlain, Isaac Jacobs, Isaac Hodsdon, James 
Tilton, Royal Clark, Wiggins Hill, Thomas Davee, and 
Joshua Carpenter, with fifteen gentlemen of Somerset, 
issued circukirs in fa\or of Mr. Wilkins for Congress, as 
"the poor man's friend, the good man's companion." 
■ A convention of delegates from eight towns, fearing 
that from the distracted state of the public mind upon 
the subject of a Representative to Congress, a person 
wholly uncjualified would be elected, concluded that they 
would avoid the calamity by still further distracting the 
public mind by assembling at Hamjxien on December 
9th and repudiating Mr. McGaw and nominating another 
candidate — Simeon Stetson, Esq. 

Simon Harriman deprecated the course that had been 
pursued in regaid to him. The law had jjronounced 
some of the votes for him legal; others not, because of 
verbal errors in the votes, "conjured up by technical 
lawyers;" then, that it was said that his nomination was 
got up for sport, when it was no such thing, but a real, 
serious, honest nomination, and his intentions were 
"true, pure, and honorable," and that he was still a can- 
didate for the suffrages of the people. 

" Somerset and Penobscot " urgeS the election of 
Jacob McGaw as having been nominated in the old 
Democratic way, and repudiated Mr. Wilkins as a Craw- 
fordite and a candidate of the friends of William H. 
Crawford. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



"Veritas" said that John Wilkins had been taken from 
that obscurity for wliirh nature evidently designed him 
and forced into office, " in which he could neither do 
credit to himself nnr reflect honoi on the community;" 
therefore the electors should vote for the regular nominee 
of the convention, Jacob McGaw, who was the equal of 
Mr. Wilkins in inte.i^rity, and ''in talents greatly superior, 
and ct-rtainly in no respect infeiior to either of the op- 
posing candidates." 

An anonymous writer thought Samuel Call the man 
who |3ieserved " that intelligence which would make him 
respected everywhere ; that virtue which may be relied 
upon ; that moral and physical courage which will be 
proof against the sarcasm of a Randolph or the pistols of 
a McDuffie;" that love of country, etc., which rendered 
him the fittest candidate for Congress. 

This was the last shot fired before the meeting, which 
was held on the i8th. Mr. McGaw then received in 
Bangor 136 votes (doubtless "Scrutator's" attack helped 
him in Bangor), Mr. Call 33, Mr. Wilkins 32, Simon 
Harriman 17, scattering 15. Mr. Wilkins had the high- 
est number of votes in the district — 1,300; Mr. McGaw 
received 993, all others 607. There was no choice. 
The 2d day (jf .'Vpril was assigned for the third trial. 

December 13, Benjamin Garland opened the Franklin 
House. It was a very pretty two-story dwelling, with the 
end on Harlow street, of red brick. The front was to- 
wards Franklin street, sheathed, and painted white. It 
had a hip-roof, and was at that time one of the hand- 
somest dwellings in town. Its dimensions have since 
been greatly enlarged. 

Rev. S. L. Pomroy, Chairman of the Superintending 
School Committee, gave notice that the following-named 
books had been adopted for the public schools, viz: New 
York Primer, Marshall's Spelling Book, Beauties of 
the Bible, Historical Reader, American First Class Book, 
Fisk's Murray's Grammar, Cummings's Geography, and 
Colburn's Arithmetic and Sequel. 

Among the business men this year whose names have 
not been nuntioned were John Roberts, Benjamin 
Nourse (books). Ford & Isaac S. Whitman, Thomas 
Furber, Elmore Parker, Philip H. & John J. Coombs, 
Rut'iis Dwincl, George W. Randall, Benjamin Haskell, 
Micaj-ih Haskell, Charles B. Prescot, Thomas F. Hatch, 
Edward Hatch, William A. Hatch, Thomas Green, Hazen 
Mit(hell, Samuel True, David Reynolds, Samuel L. Val- 
entine, Mark Trafton, John Bright, Nathaniel French, 
Dustan C. Quimby, Hosea Stodder, William Emerson, 
Jr., Fordyce Hills. 

The old firm of Taylor & Brown (.\bner Taylor and 
George W. Brown), which had been in existence a great 
many years m a two-story frame store at the right-hand 
corner of West Market Square approaching Kenduskeag 
Bridge, was dissolved this month. 

Wiih the winter came the muse of the season, and 
"Sleighing" was announced in these lines: 

The bells are jinglin,!^ — winter now, 

Witli Ills white livery clothes the ground, 
And o'er the gl.tr'd. hard-trodden snow, 

The merry bells are tinging round. 



f 



Jingling — the shingle weavers come — 

The roads are full, the streets beset — 
To buy molasses or new rum, 

Or any thing that they can get. 

The bells are jingling — farmers hie 

With beef, or pork, or wheat, or oats; 
Of winter goods to get supply — 

And some hard cash to pay their notes. 

Jingle the bells — the merchant smiles. 

And at dull times no longer frets; 
Takes care of profits — and the whiles 

Most carefully collects his debts. 

The're jingling, too, the lawyers please. 

In office pent so long and wary; 
It tells of clients and of fees, 

And the next Court, in January. 

This jingle, too, the printer cheers, 

He loves to hear the merry clash, 
It soundeth to his practised ears, 

Assaying — "produce, sir, or cash." 
All love to see the busy men, 

And motion of the bustling throng: 
And those, the loveliest in the scene, 

The merry belles that glide along. 

Mr. Tilly Brown, a respected citizen, a native of Con- 
cord, Massachusetts, died at the age of forty. He was 
employed in aiding the settlement of Township No. 2, 
Old Indian Purchase, and building mills, surveying and 
running lines, but over-exerting himself among the fallen 
timber, he burst a blood-vessel and died from loss of 
blood. 



CHAPTER XX. 

Mozart Society — Female Charitable Society — Amos Patten Elected 
Councillor — Case of Call and Williamson — Judge Perham Nomi- 
nated for Congress — Penobscot Gazette Discontinued — Colonel 
Hodsdon Elected Major-General — Obstructions at Piscataquis — Ed- 
ward Kent Chief Justice Court of Sessions — Early and Inte Canvass 
— More Politics — Mr. WiUiamson again Nominated — Wilkins, Her- 
rick, Harriman, and Carr in the Field — No Choice — Fire Wardens — 
Horse Ferry-boat — Eastern Republican Established — Nathaniel 
Haynes Editor — Greek Cause—Northeast Boundary — Road Travel — 
River Obstructions — Major Harriman's Pitchforks — Great Haul of 
Shad and Alewives — Houllon Mail — Penobscot Indians In New York 
— Boston Survey of Luniber^Needham. the Mail Robber — Fourth 
of [uIv^Temperance— Independent Volunteers' Anniversary — Politi- 
cal Movements — Major-General Hodsdon — Samuel Butman Nomi- 
nated for Congress — General Hodsdon Nominated— Party History — 
Poor Farm — Abuse of Indians — State Election — Death of Mrs. How- 
ard — Washington Guards — Circus — Hops — Anna Royal — Arrest of 
Baker at Madawaska — Methodist Meeting-house Contemplated — Mil- ' 
itary Order — Death of Dr. Skinner — Orono Canal Contemplated — 
Agent on Boundary Troubles — Governor's Proclamation — War 
Feared — Isaac R. Park's Peril — Stillwater Bridge — Death of Thomas 
Howard — British Claims — The Clarion — Military Road — The Baker 
Case at Washington — Brig Bold Jack Lost — Business Men. 

1827. The year 1827 was ushered in with music. 

The Bangor Mozart Society, of which Mr. Levi Cram 

was Clerk, devoted much time to the practice of the 

*'hard masters." 



HISi;ORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



633 



The Female Charitable Society did not forget its mis- 
sion. It assembled at the dwelling of Mr. Asa Davis, 
under the promptings of Mrs. Dorcas P. Pike, in the 
performance of its objects, earl)' in January. 

Amos Patten, of Bangor, was elected as a member of 
Governor Lincoln's Council, for Penobscot. 

At the session of the Court of Common Pleas, in Jan- 
uary, William D. Williamson was tried a second time for 
an assault upon Samuel Call. Mr. Call was Surveyor of 
Highways, and at some time in the year 1826 was repair- 
ing the street in front of Mr. Williamson's dwelling, and 
in such a way as to render the entrance inconvenient. 
As politics were high, and these two gentlemen were not 
politically friendly, Mr. Williamson imagined that Call 
was taking advantage of his position to annoy him, and 
interfered, with his stepson, Benjamin Wiggin, sufficient- 
ly to give an occasion for an indictment for assault and 
battery. After two trials — the jury declining to agree — a 
nolle prosequi was entered. 'l"he result was as might have 
been expected, with politics an element in the case. 

On January 31 Albion K. Parris was elected a United 
States Senator for Maine. 

.\ prospectus for a new paper, to be called the Eastern 
Republican, was circulated, to the dismay of the Register. 
It was to be a "genuine Republican" paper, and the Reg- 
ister never forgot thai announcement. 

William King, of Bath, and Rufus Mclntyre, of Par- 
sonficld, weie appointed Commissioners for the survey 
and establishment o( the boundary line between Maine 
and New Hani|)shire. 

The report of the Land Agent showed that the net 
receipts of the State for lands, timber, and grass sold the 
past year, were $38,884.32. 

The delegation in the Legislature from the Penobscot 
and Somerset District, nominated Judge Perham as can- 
didate for Congress. 

The Penobscot Gazette was discontinued. The Reg- 
ister gave as the cause of its death "an atrophy," though 
it had been reported that it was strangled to make room 
for " Miss Eastern Republican." 

The abduction of William Morgan by Free Masons, as 
was alleged, for publishing a book revealing the secrets of 
Free Masonry, occurred about this time and caused great 
excitement. 

The members of the Legislature re-nominated Governor 
Enoch Lincoln for re-election. 

Colonel Isaac Hodsdon was elected Major-General of 
the Third Division of Militia, to fill the vacancy occa- 
sioned by the resignation of General Jedediah Herrick. 

(ieorge B. Moody, of Oldtown, and Nathaniel Haynes, 
of Hangor, formed a law copartnership. 

Great indignation was occasioned among the business 
men on the Piscataquis River by the erection of a dam at 
its mouth, and a meeting was held in Sebec, by which it I 
was declared a public nuisance in its situation and an 
elTectual obstacle to the passage of rafts of lumber and 
timber. A committee, consisting of John Bradbury, of 
Foxcroft; Francis Brown, of Brownville; and Josiah 
Towle, of Sebec, was appointed 10 cause the obstructions 
there and at Oldtown, if necessary, to be removed. 
80 



At the annual meeting for the choice of town officers, 
.Mexander Savage was elected Town Clerk ; George 
Starrett, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Agent ; Amos Pat- 
ten, James Crosby, Daniel Pike, Selectmen, Assessors 
and Overseers of the Poor ; Swan L. Pomroy, William 
I). Williamson, Benjamin Nourse, Joshua P. Dickinson, 
and John Godfrey, Superintending School Committee. 

Edward Kent was appointed by the Governor Chief 
Justice of the Court of Sessions. Joshua Carpenter, of 
Howland, was appointed a commissioner to lay out a 
road from Township No. 2 to'Mattanawcook ; and Joel 
\\'ellington, of Albion, a commissioner to lay out a road 
from .Maiianawcook to Houlton. 

A convention of the "Democratic Republicans" of 
the Distiict was held in Bangor, to nominate a candidate 
for Representative to Congress. Joshua Chamberlain 
was Chairman; Isaac Hodsdon, Secretary. Two sets of 
delegates presented themselves from Bangor. A meeting 
had been called by the trained politicians at the unusual 
hour of 6 o'clock, at which time a dozen persons as- 
sembled and selected delegates and adjourned. Presently 
about thirty persons appeared at the usual hour for such 
meetings and elected another set of delegates. The con- 
vention concluded that the delegates elected by the 
prompt caucus, that elected delegates before they took 
their supper, were entitled to be recognized rather than 
the delegates elected by the late caucus, after supper ! 
They therefore received the delegates of the former and 
rejected those of the latter, not considering that when 
anything was to be accomplished in a political conven- 
tion, there was such a thing as being "too smart." -Such 
proceedings are not yet obsolete — the prom|)t men at 
caucuses doing everything in their own wav, and leaving 
the later men to reconcile themselves to the fact as best 
they can. 

The convention nominated ^^■illiam D. Williamson as 
candidate for Congress, sixteen to ten. 

Another meeting was held at Mr. Chick's hotel by 
gentlemen who deemed that the first meeting was unfairly 
conducted, and nominated General Jedediah Herrick as 
a candidate. 

The model proclamatio'n of Governor Lincoln for a 
day of fasting and prayer was published at this time, 
and ought to have been carefully studied by the politi- 
cians. 

"I recommend to every one," he said, "to observe the 
day [.\pril 5] as a Christian; if he be under the influence 
of any vice, to banish it; if in error, to correct it; if under 
obligations to others, honestly to discharge them; if suf- 
fering injuries, to forgive them; if aware of animosities, 
to extinguish them; and if able to do any benevolent 
act to any being created by the Almighty Power to which 
he owes his existence and his faculties, to do it. 

".\nd with a conscience thus prepared, may we visit 
the Temple of God, to worship him with humble and 
happy disposition, which alwa\s belongs to piety and 
innocence; beseeching Him that the religion he sent by 
our Saviour may not be perverted through the pride and 
prejudices of sectarianism, but may universally receive 
the homage of a correct faith and good works. 



634 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, M^INE. 



"Especially I recommend that, being members of one 
great community, we unite as Christian politicians, so 
that we may render perpetual tlie peace and prosperity 
of our country and of this State." 

The nomination of Mr. Williamson by a packed cau- 
cus occasioned no little animadversion among the Dem- 
ocratic Republicans. There were but twenty-six votes 
cast, and the balloting did not take place until after two 
adjournments — for lunch at ii o'clock and dinner at i, 
in Mr. Chick's hotel. 

"An Elector" could not adopt the nomination of Mr. 
Williamson, made by such a caucus, "after spending 
most of the day in taking a little refreshment pie|:)ared 
for the occasion, and adding a few talesmen to make a 
decent number in the convention, but preferred to vote 
for the unanimously nominated Republican candidate, 
John Wilkins. 

"Penobscot" fearlessly asserted that the convention 
was packed; that some of the friends of the candidate 
"very ingenuously confessed that they assembled at the 
convention, not for the purpose of an interchange of 
sentiment, not to nominate a candidate who would unite 
the Republicans, but to nominate William 1). William- 
son." 

An anonymous writer publishes the circular of Mr. 
Williamson, Mr. Hodsdon, Mr. Clark, and Mr. Tilton, 
addressed to the electors before the last trial, recom- 
mending Mr. Wilkins, and urges that, as Mr. Wilkins 
was regularly nominated and had not withdrawn, he 
should be supported in preference to Mr. Williamson, 
who had withdrawn, and was afterward nominated at the 
expense of every fair principle, because he could not be 
satisfied until he was permitted to figure once more upon 
the floor of Congress. But the people were not stupid 
fools; they could read, they could see, they could think. 
"Cato" wanted his fellow citizens to look at the can- 
didates. First, there was William D. Williamson "clothed 
with the recommendations of the conventions of each 
county," which at first blush had an imposing appear- 
ance, but when it was understood how the conventions 
were managed "by less than half a dozen inconsistent 
intriguers," their doings were of no binding force. 

Second, there was John Wilkins, whom Mr. William- 
son and others of his present supporters had recom- 
mended as "a Democratic Reijublican from his youth, 
the poor man's friend and the good man's companion." 

Then there was Jedediah Herrick, whose "abilities 
were far above mediocrity, whose integrity was und(Jubt- 
ed ; a man of extensive views and general information. " 
Then there was Joseph Carr, "one of the oldest set- 
tlers, a firm and undeviating Republican from his child- 
hood. ... Of these candidates choose ye whom ye 
will, but so act that ye may not repent." 

"Philo Justitia" eschewed old party distinctions, and 
said we had good examples for doing so ; Georgia, a Re- 
publican State, had elected a Berrien, an old Federalist, 
to Congress ; Virginia, a Tazewell ; Delaware, a McLane; 
and Massachusetts, a Webster. Let us do likewise, and 
elect from among the candidates, without regard to party 
predilections, the one best competent to serve us — Gen- 



eral Jedediah Herrick. The writer's admiration of that 
gentleman was unbounded. 

"Penobscot" favored General Herrick as a "man of 
undoubted integrity, superior talents, and an undeviating , 
friend of the administration of John Quincy Adams." 

"A Republican of the Old School " treated ^he course 
of Mr. Williamson's friends to a choice bit of irony. 

Simon Harriman again lifted his clarion voice : 

I am Uie proper person to be elected. I liave been consistent in my 
course; I have not, lilce a brother candidate, at one election withdrawn 
my name, and then endeavored to force myself again into nomination; 
nor have I, like another candidate, been dispirited by two unsuccessful 
attempts, and then retired from the contest too late for my friends to 
substitute another in my stead. No, my friends, I have pursued a uni- 
form course; I have, and do still offer myself to you. 

On March 26 the Republicans from several towns in 
the county met at the Franklin House, Benjamin Gar- 
land in the chair and Joseph R. Lumbert Secretary, and 
nominated Joseph Carr as "a pure and tried Republican 
and a firrn friend of the National Administration;" as 
one to whom the Republican electors would not hesitate 
to give their votes. 

An address to the Republicans of 18 12 in the District 
set forth that when the country was suffering from the 
restrictive measures which became necessary in conse- 
(juence of the British impressment of our seamen and 
Orders in Council and French Decrees, the late Hon. 
Francis Carr was willing to risk his all — to see his ship 
rot on her stocks, and the debts due to him sacrificed, 
for the support of the honor of hrs country; that when 
in Congress from this District, he did not hesitate to 
make the sacrifice; that when our country was struggling 
hard in the contest of war for her rights, Hon. Jaines 
Carr sustained these rights in a manner highly honorable 
to himself and useful to his constituents." Now several 
who had always basked in the sunshine of public favor, 
l)ut had never sacrificed a cent for the public good, were 
urging an addition "to their wealth, their ease and their 
honor." But all the electors of the District had not for- 
gotten to be grateful for past favois. Some remembered 
that another member of that family still lived, and they 
well knew that Joseph Carr, FLsq., of Bangor, possessed 
talents at least equal to those of his late honorable father 
and brother. He was the instrument for restoring union 
among friends. If he is elected to Congress "our coun- 
try will honor our judgment, and our consciences approve 
of our deeds." 

A convention at Norridgewock on the iith of March 
voted to concur in Mr, Williamson's nomination. The 
report outside was that the "convention barely con- 
curred." 

The vote was taken April 2. Bangor gave for Mr. 
Carr, 105; for Mr. Wilkins, 38; for General Herrick, 28; 
for "Major" Harriman, 27; for Judge AVilliamson, 41; 
scattering, 6. 

The vote of the District was, for Carr, 579; Wilkins, 
225; Herrick, 760; Williamson, 1,520; others, 567. 
There wasno choice. 

The Fire Wardens of the town held a meeting and dis- 
tributed the duties among themselves thus: Amos Patten, 
or in his absence George W. Brown, to have the direc- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



635 



tion of Washington engine at any fire; Benjamin Has- 
kell or I. B. Fiske, the direction of engine No. i; George 
Bradford, charge of fire hooks and removing vessels; 
David Hill, charge of ladders; John Barker, Jacob Mc- 
Gaw, Wiggins Hill, and John Ham, to form lines to con- 
vey water to Washington engine; Edmund Dole, Abner 
Taylor, and John M. Prince, to form lines for engine No. 
I ; J. B. Fiske and G. W. Brown, charge of removing 
furniture and merchandise. 

(i. W. Brimmer, Esq., of Boston, interested himself in 
putting a horse ferry-boat on the Bangor ferry this sea- 
son. 

The Eastern Republican was established, under the 
editorial management of Nathaniel Haynes, a lawyer 
of liberal education. S.imuel Call, who wrote the edi- 
torials (or the Register, suggested "that he was not the 
first young man who had been disappointed in his ex- 
pectations to lead the inhabitants of the county of Pe- 
nobscot;" that he must treat his seniors with respect, 
his equals with courtesy; that he should learn to see hi\n- 
self as others saw him; that he should learn to express 
his ideas in English, and not vaunt himself on a smatter- 
ing of Latin; and that he should never attempt wit." 

On April i3ih Mr. Chick served to his guests a fine 
fresh salmon. 

Much interest was felt for the Greek cause. A public 
meeting was held in the Court-house April 16th; Amos 
Patten, Chairman; Edward Kent, Secretary. William D. 
Williamson, James Crosby, Professor Smith, Mark L. 
Hill, Jr., Nathaniel Harlow, and Rufus Dwincl were ap- 
pointed a committee to solicit contributions. Prominent 
gentlemen named in the several towns in the county 
were requested to co-operate. Samuel Call, Jacob Mc- 
Gaw, and Edward Kent were ap])ointed a committee to 
address the citizens of the county on the situation and 
sufferings of the Greeks, and they published a very clear 
statement of the condition of that people. They were 
struggling for liberty against the Turks. They were strug- 
gling for the same principle for which the founders of 
our Republic struggled successfully, and '"we owe a 
debt of humanity." 

John G. Deane, Esq., of Ellsworth, about this time 
commenced a series of valuable articles upon the North- 
eastern boundary, in the "Independent Courier," under 
the signature of "Cato." 

Miss Brown commenced her first summer term of a 
school for young ladies in Bangor on the ist of May. 
Tuition from $3 to $5 per quarter. The higher English 
studies were taught, with drawing, painting, and orna- 
mental needlework. It was a good and successful 
school. 

The travel upcm the road leading into Bangor was be- 
coming noticeable. A person confined to his house on 
the Orono road, about a mile from the Kenduskeag 
Stream, counted the people, horses, and carriages that 
passed between 7 o'clock a. m. and 7 p. .m. There were 
219 persons, 90 horses, 35 chaises, 39 wagons. He cal- 
culated that one-third as many passed before 7 a. m. and 
after 7 p. M., and there was no unusual excitement. It 
was the everyday travel. 



The business men of Piscataquis were in earnest in re- 
gard to the Piscataquis dam. A party of men was em- 
ployed and removed the obstruction to the navigation of 
the river without the consent of the owner. The Fiske 
& Bridge sluice at Oldtown was of no benefit, and the 
dam was the occasion of so much complaint that the 
owners were compelled to satisfy the public in regard to 
a passage for lumber. 

Major Harriman did not permit his want of success 
in running for Congress to prevent his caring for the 
farmers as usual. He could afford no time for recrimi- 
nation, but continued the manufacture of pitchforks, ox, 
cow, and sheep bells, "warranted to be heard from one 
to five miles." He, however, removed his shop "to 
Fore street, next door to Mr. Chick's Maine Coffee 
House," probably having a (aint idea that such proximity 
to so famous a political hotel would give him some ad- 
vantages in enforcing his claims to high position in the 
Government. 

Major Nathaniel Haynes, aid of Major-General Hods- 
don, gave notice of the appointment by that officer of 
George W. Pickering Division Inspector, and Samuel 
Lowder, Jr. Division Quartermaster. 

The grand caravan, with lions, tigers, elephant, ichneu- 
mon. Dandy Jack, and Captain Dick, accompanied by 
wax statues, made its annual visit in May. 

The finding a piece of wood with the appearance of 
a petrified post, in the ground in the front of the Court- 
house, was thought worthy of note. Mr. Comins was 
digging a cellar, and was astonished when he fell upon 
this piece of "wooden stone." 

Some opinion may be formed in regard to the im- 
mense quantities of fish in the Penobscot at the head of 
the tide, when it is understood that seven thousand shad 
and a hundred barrels of alewives were taken at one haul 
of the seine, about the middle of May this year. They 
were taken by Mr. Luther Eaton, of Eddington. This 
was an unusual fish year. Shad were sold at Oldtown at 
fifty cents a hundred, and alewives were deemed hardly 
worth saving. 

Samuel K. Gilnian, of Hallowell, was appointed Col- 
lector of Customs for Penobscot, in place of Josiah 
Hook, deceased. 

The mail was carried from Bangor to Houlton by 
James Lander, on the 31st of May; after that it left Ban- 
gor for that town on every succeeding fourth, and Houl- 
ton on every succeeding third Thursday following. 

Edward Kent was admitted at the June term cf the 
Supreme Court, as an attorney of that court. 

On June 9th sixty-four vessels were lying in the 
harbor. 

On the nth Mr. Fificld picked cucumbers from his 
vines measuring from five to six and one-half inches in 
length, raised in the open air in this town. They were 
said to be the earliest then ever raised in tlie county. 
Mr. Chick had green peas pretty well filled on his table 
the 19th of June, and in a day or two after treated a 
party to turtle soup, green peas, etc.! 

A party of about fifty Penobscot Indians encamped on 
an island in the North River, New York, between Water- 



636 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ford and Lansingburg, this season. They went by the 
way of the River St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, and the 
Northern Canal in their canoes. They might have been 
a portion of the tribe that seceded the first of the cen- 
tury, on the election of a Governor, and went to Canada. 
They attracted much attention by their expert manage- 
ment of their canoes. 

The annuity this year was paid by the State to about 
three hundred and seventy Indians, which was not far 
from the number in the tribe at home. 

A newspaper was established in this year in Castine, 
called the American. 

There was a great deal of feeling in Maine at this 
time relative to the "Boston survey" of lumber. The 
justice of their complaint was acknowledged in Boston, 
but it was alleged that the difficulty grew out of a want 
of definiteness in the law. This, however, was not the 
whole reason of the complaint. Gross frauds were alleged 
on the part of the purchaser and surveyor, who, instead 
of making reasonable allowance for a rot that damaged 
two feet of a board measuring forty feet, condemned the 
whole board as refuse, and in this way obtained much 
good lumber for nothing — refuse being half the price of 
merchantable. Then, what was really refuse they called 
mill-refuse, which they valued at one-fourth the price .of 
merchantable. Then, if boards sold at a high price in 
Boston, the refuse and mill-refuse made the greater por- 
tion of the cargo. There was no principle, except the 
interest of the purchaser, that governed the surveyor. 

The matter was a constant theme of conversation 
among the lumber-dealers of Bangor. A writer in the 
Boston Patriot said that the Boston survey was a pro- 
verbial e.xpression of reproach in Maine, and that many 
of the good people of the State " actually believed that 
there was a secret, nefarious understanding between the 
surveyors and buyers by which in some way great benefit 
accrued to them — in other words, that the surveyors 
were bribed; that the present method of survey was cal- 
culated to deceive in regard to the quality of the lumber; 
that the superior goodness of the lumber from the neigh- 
borhood of Penobscot and Passamaquoddy is admitted 
by all, and often a subject of conversation. The writer 
then asks what the decision of the public would be, if 
they were to judge by the survey, when they were in- 
formed that three-fourths of this excellent lumber is pro- 
nounced refuse. \Vhen delivered in Boston the lumber 
is assorted and divided into qualities designated by them 
as " clear, merchantable, refuse, and mill refuse" [scoots]. 
Then to show the difference betwixt the Maine and the 
Boston surveys, he gives the contents of a cargo surveyed 
in Calais and shipped to Boston and there surveyed. By 
Maine survey it contained 68,026 feet of clear boards ; 
8,057 feet of refuse boards; 13,760 feet of merchantable; 
total, 89,843. By the Boston survey: 8,527 feet of 
clear; 50,507 feet of merchantable; 28,021 feet of ref- 
use; 1,230 feet of mill-refuse: total, 88,285. 

The difference these surveys made against the seller 
and in favor of the purchaser may be determined by the 
sales of a cargo: 52 feet of clear boards, at $26 per M; 
2,334 feet of merchantable, at $21 per M; 21,532 feet of 



refuse, at $10.50 per M; 9,550 feet milfrefuse, at $5.25 
per M. 

The logs from which these boards were made cost 
$7.50 per thousand feet, and netted to the shipper less 
than $7.25. Of course the cost of sawing, rafting, and 
removing was lost. 

The people of Maine submitted to this until forbear- 
ance ceased to be a virtue, when they sought other 
markets, and Boston began to experience the conse- 
quences. 

On the 2Sth June considerable excitement grew out of 
the arrest of one George Needham, on a charge of rob- 
bing the mail. He was carried before William D. Wil- 
liamson, Esq. The case was continued a week, and he 
was ordered to recognize for his appearance in the sum 
of $500. As he could not obtain bail, he was ordered 
to be committed to gaol. On his way to the gaol he 
obtained leave from the officer to change his apparel at 
his lodgings. After this, when near the gaol, he drew a 
dirk and jiistol from under his coat, and pointing them 
at the officer (Simon B. Harriman) and his assistant, 
started and ran up Hammond street. Simon was dumb- 
founded for an instant, and, being somewhat heavy, it 
was difficult for him to run; he therefore, as soon as he 
recovered himself, secured a big boulder and flung it to- 
ward the retreating malefactor, who, fortunately, was a 
long way beyond its reach, or it would have smashed his 
skull or his bones, if it had hit either. Needham's legs 
were good, and he nearly reached the wood southerly of 
the seminary buildings before he was overtaken. When 
he felt a strong hand upon his shoulder he drew his dirk 
and stabbed a student who had seized him, inflicting a 
slight wound. But he was again a prisoner, and lodged 
that night in the gaol. On the next day he was taken 
before Justice Jonathan P. Rogers, on one charge of re- 
sisting the officer and on another for a murderous assault 
on Mr. Gushing. On the first charge he was ordered to 
recognize in $200, and on the last $500. Being no more 
able to procure bail for these sums than he had been for 
the first, Mr. Simon B. Harriman had the felicity of wit- 
nessing this genteel criminal incarcerated, as he supposed 
for some time. 

But Mr. Needham was a man of resources. He took 
advantage of the absence of Deacon Clark, the gaoler, 
and his family at meeting on the next Sunday, to wheedle 
the servant girl into the belief that he was in love with 
her, and induced her to get his clothing (which she did, 
with some apparel for herself belonging to a member of 
the family), and to release him and one Flanders — an- 
other prisoner — from prison and go with them. Their 
absence was discovered within twenty minutes, but not 
themselves. They had escaped to the wood. Handbills 
were issued, and $130 reward was offered for their ap- 
prehension. 

On the next day a girl called at a house in Hampden, 
near the Sowadabscook bridge, to procure some milk for 
some children on board a vessel, as she said ; but she was 
observed, on leaving the house, to go in the direction of 
the wood. This excited suspicion that she might be the 
girl referred to in the advertisement, and eight or ten 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



637 



men placed themselves in different localities to watch. 
At about 10 o'clock at ni^ht a man and girl were seen 
crossing the bridge answering to the description of Need- 
ham and the girl, and they were arrested by Major Jona. 
Haskins and others, and rerijmmitted to the gaol. 

Needham was afterward tried in the Supreme Court, 
and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment in the Stale 
Prison at Tliomaston. In October he was indicted in 
the United States Court, at W'iscasset, for robbing the 
mail. 

There was no great dis]jlay in the celebration of "the 
Fourth of July this year. The rdigious portion of the 
community listened to an excellent address in the meeting- 
house by Rev. George E. Adams, and several anthems, and 
a prayer by Professor Smith, of the Theological Seminary. 
The artillery company fired the several salutes, dined 
at Andrew Hasey's inn, and in the afternoon amused 
themselves with firing at a target. 

From 12 (midnight) until the artillery saluted the ris- 
ing sun, there was neither sleep nor slumber for the eye- 
lids, for the noises of every description made by the boys. 
It was a time of universal racket. In the evening a 
meeting was held in the Court-house to devise means for 
the "suppression of intemperance."' The Register 
thought that, consideiing "the place, the day, and the 
hour, the meeting might be called 'taking the bull by the 
horns.'"' 

The agitation of this subject was becoming greater 
than ever before. The ruinous effects of the use of alco- 
holic liquors were everywhere discussed in New England; 
and pledges to abstain from it were circulated, and gen- 
erally signed by the best men in the community. The 
temperance men, meetings, and pledges were sneered at 
by the lovers of strong drink, but the reformers perse- 
vered and increased in numbers and power. 

The "Independent Volunteers" celebrated their fourth 
anniversary on the 4th of July. An address was deliv- 
ered by Charles Oilman at the Court-house "worthy of 
this occasion," after which the company marched to the 
Franklin House, "which was handsomely decorated, and 
partook of a sumptuous dinner provided for the occasion 
by Mr. Benjamin Garland." 

Several gentlemen opened the political campaign in 
Dover this year on the 23d of July, and nominated Wil- 
liam Allen, Jr., of Norridgewock, for Representative to 
Congress, and Thomas Davee, of Dover, for Senator to 
the Legislature. 

This was followed on the 6th of August by a meeting 
at the F'rank.in House of gentlemen friendly to the Ad- 
ministration. It was then resolved to call a convention 
of delegates from Penobscot and Somerset counties, to 
be held at Garland on the i6th of August to nominate 
candidates for the several offices. 

The "Democratic Republicans" in Penobscot and 
Somerset counties were prompt in their movements. 
Their Penobscot County Committee was composed of 
Josci)h Kelsey, Jona. Knowles, William R. Lowney, 
Isaac Jacobs, Alden Nickerson, Joshua Carpenter, Reu- 
ben Bartlett, James S. Holmes, and Gorham Parks. 

Democratic Republicans from all parts of the county 



had assembled at Bangor on June 12, and resolved to 
patronize the Eastern Republican, as the paper solely 
devoted to the interests of the Republican party ; a 
journal edited by Nathaniel Haynes, "a gentleman alike 
distinguished for his talents and for the soundness of his 
political jirinciples," as a means of uniting the iwrty, in 
which there had been long wanting a concert of action. 
At that meeting the above committee was appointed. 

The committee at once issued a circular to obtain 
subscribers for the Republican. Mr. Kelsey, as chair- 
man ot the district and county committees, issued calls 
for district and county conventions, to nominate a can- 
didate for Representative to Congress and a candidate 
for State Senator, to be held at Dexter on .August 20. 

The agitation of the subject of the survey of lumber 
became so serious that several meetings were held at 
Lumbert's tavern in .August to consider the system then 
existing. 

The Eastern Republicar began soon after the meeting 
for its benefit to give evidence of prosperity, and very 
much disturbed the managers of the Register, who no- 
ticed it in the fullowing undignified manner: 

The "Gemini" lias ;il length (we will not sny by what means) at- 
tained to its " super-royal sheet — new foiuttof small pica, iron press, :ind 
new Bloekhead. Elated with tlie acquisition, the editor in his last 
number struts and gobbles with all the grace and dignity of a turkey- 
cock. 

Major-General Hodsdon gave notice that the several 
regiments in his Division (Third) of Militia would be re- 
viewed on several days in the month of September, and 
that it was the intention of the Commander-in-chief to 
be i^resent during six of the days. Alter giving various 
directions to the officers in regard to their respective 
duties, and to Major Watson, of the Corps of Artillery, 
to cause a salute of thirteen guns to be fired from "the 
ordnance of the highest calibre" on the arrival of the 
Commander-in chief in the villages of Belfast and 
Bangor, and on his approach to the parade grounds, the 
Major-General concludes in this characteristic manner: 

The Major-General deems it unadvisable to c:ill the attention of the 
troops to the performance of any particular evolutions, presuming 
rather that they are loo well acquainted with their respective duties to 
require it; but will, at the time, direct in person the performance of 
such manceuvres and evolutions as the discipline of the troops and 
other circumstances may require. 

The Major-General was an exceedingly enthusiastic 
chieftain and a martinet, and did not hesitate at re- 
views, if he saw any defect or want of promptness in the 
manreuvres, to take the command from the Colonel for 
the time, and give the orders himself, much to the 
disgust of that officer. 

On the i6th of August the friends of the .\dminislra- 
tion, in convention at (Jarland, nominated .Samuel But- 
man, of Dixmont, as their candidate for Representative 
to Congress, and Solomon Parsons, of Sebec, as candi- 
date for Senator. 

The Opposition convention on the 20th, at Dexter, 
nominated Major-General Isaac Hodsdon as their candi- 
date for Representative to Congress, and Daniel Wilkins, 
of Charleston, as candidate for Senator. 

Andrew Jackson was now coming into favor with the 
politicians who called themselves Democratic Republic- 



638 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






ans, and the Register, in order to prevent the editor of 
the Eastern RepubUcan coming into fovor with the peo- 
ple, accused him of hating Adams, and with not daring 
to avow it. 

In the course of the administration of President 
Madison, disintegration commenced in the two political 
parties then e.x'sting — the Federal and Republican — in 
consequence of questions which arose in the War of 
1812. Mr. Monroe, a Republican, was elected in 1816, 
with great unanimity, and in 1820 was re-elected with 
hardly any opposition. Every Electoral vote was given 
him, except Governor Pluman's, in New Hampshire. 
During his last term — the "era of good feeding" — the 
parties from various causes became dfmorali2ed, and 
when a new candidate was to be nominated in 1823, old 
partisans of the Federal school affiliated with partisans 
of the Republican school, in the su].)port of either 
Adams, Calhoun, Clay, Crawford, or Jackson. There was 
no choice by the people, and John Quincy Adams was 
elected by the House of Representatives. 

During the administration of Mr. Adams party prin- 
ciple generally had less to do with the elections than the 
personal merits, po]3ularity, or successful mancKuvering 
of the candidates, as has been seen during the pitiful 
criiiiination and recrimination in several campaigns in 
the Penobscot Congressional District. But, fortunately, 
this state of things was not to continue forever. The 
elements — Federal and Republican — that had been op- 
posed to Mr. Adams openly and secretly, were combin- 
ing for the purpose of effecting a strong organization to 
operate against him in the next election and to nomi- 
nate candidates as party candidates. When the organi- 
ation came into existence it adopted the name of " Dem- 
ocratic Republican," m contradistinction to that of "Na- 
tional Republican," which was adopted by the supporters 
of Mr. Adsms. 

The Eastern Republican was the offspring of the 
movement in this District, as has been before stated. 

There was much anxiety among the friends of Mr. 
Adams that the State delegation in Congress should be op- 
posed to him. The nominee of the Democratic Republi- 
cans had always been opposed to Mr. Adams, and al- 
though yet they were quiet in regard to their preference as a 
party, there was not much doubt that secretly they were 
unfriendly to his re-election, and, if they should succeed in 
electing General Hodsdon, they would declare at once 
for Jackson. 

At a town meeting on the 27th of August, it w'as 
voted to purchase the Samuel E. Dutton farm for the 
the purpose of establishing an alms-house. It was pur- 
chased and converted into the Poor Farm. 

The people of Bangor were grieved to learn that 
a party of Indians, who had encamped on the banks of 
the Androscoggin, not far from the village of Brunswick, 
were attacked by a gang of villains on .'Vugust 18, who 
burned their camps, clothing, etc., and nearly frightened 
them to death by their yells and outrageous conduct. 
The citizens of Brunswick, however, were prompt to 
clear themselves of the suspicion of countenancing and 
outrage, by calling a public meeting and appointing 



Benjamin Orr, Jeremiah O'Brien, John McKeen, Ethan 
Earle, Ebenezer Everett, Robert Eastman, and Charles 
Packard, a committee to ascertain from the Indians the 
amount of tlieir loss and to spare no means to detect and 
bring to justice the per]5etrators of the disgraceful act. 

The discussion of the merits of the several candidates 
was very much more unobjectionable during the present 
canvass, since the organization of the two parties than 
before, as in all cases a warfare is less bitter between 
open enemies than it is between ostensible friends. 

The meeting for the choice of Governor, Rejiresenta- 
tive to Congress, and other officers, was held on Septem- 
ber 10. The votes cast in Bangor for Governor were: 
for Enoch Lincoln 90; scattering 4. For Representa- 
tive: Samuel Butman no, Isaac Hodsdon 43; for 
Senator, Solomon Parsons 138, Daniel Wilkins 36, 
scattering 10. For Representative to the Legislature, Jo- 
seph Treat 95, Gorham Parks 39, James Tilton 33, 
Bennock 3. 

Mr. Lincoln was re-elected Governor, Mr. Butman was 
elected to Congress, and Mr. Parsons Senator. Mr. 
Butman received 1,926 votes. General Hodsdon, 1,427. 

On the 8th of September Mrs. Mary Howard died. 
She came to Bangor with her husband, Thomas Howard, 
in 1772, within three years after the first settlement of 
' the town. She had lived with her husband sixty-two 
years. From the time she came to Bangor her family 
had lived upon the lot upon which she and her husband 
first settled (16, Holland's survey), and there her daugh- 
ter Mary, the fiist white child in Bangor, was born. She 
was an energetic and intelligent woman, and a worthy 
member of the Methodist church. Her age was eighty- 
one. 

A company of light infantry in Brewer, called the 
Washington Guards, first made its jjublic appearance on 
September 19, under the command of Captain Jonathan 
Burr. A standard was presented to it at the house of 
Deodat Brastow, from the ladies, by Miss Mary Ann 
Burr, with a patriotic address. Ensign Watson Holbrook 
received it and assured the ladies that "this consecrated 
symbol of Columbia's pride should never be insulted with 
impunity ; and the breeze on which it floated should re- 
sound either with our dying groans or shouts of tri- 
umph." 

After the close of the ceremonies the ladies and com- 
pany sat down "to an excellent dinner provided by Mr. 
David Doane." 

The circus made its appearance again this month at 
Mr. Hutchins's hotel, and entertained the lovers of such 
things with a grand display by six beautiful horses, 
ground and lofty tumbling, Shetland pony, hunted 
tailor, etc. 

Hops were first raised in the county this year, and be- 
came an article of export. Mr. David Damon, of Stet- 
son, raised upwards of four thousand pounds, which he 
brought into Bangor in bales. 

In October Madame Anna Royal, a somewhat noto- 
rious character, whose occu|)ation was to show herself 
and write peoijle up and down, visited Bangor. She kept 
a "black book" in which she had the autographs of many 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



639 



famous persons of the time, and recorded the names of 
such others as she became acquainted with, favorably or 
unfavorja-bly, as the notion seized her. With the editors 
she chose to be on good terms, and was very complaisant 
towards them ; but the missionaries were too honest to 
flatter her, therefore were not favorites. Her opinion of 
Bangor was not in the main favorable, and perhaps the 
town was not strikmgiy benefited by her visit. 

At this time there was much excitement in regard to 
the arrest of Mr. IJaker, at Madawaska, by Mr. Miller, 
High Sheriff of the county of York, New Brunswick, 
and his imprisonment in Fredericton gaol, on the charges 
"of having stopped the British mail, resisting a British 
peace-otificer in the discharge of his duty, and for e.\cit- 
ing and stirring up a spirit of sedition, insurrection, and 
revolt amongst the people." 

The American account of the affair was that Baker had 
a deed of his land from Messrs. Coffin & Irish, Land 
.Agents of Massachusetts and Maine ; that the Provincial 
mail-carrier proceeding over his land, was forbidden 
by Baker to pass over it in future, as he was holding his 
land under American title. He then caused the Amer- 
ican flag to be raised. 

This was deemed an insult by the Provincial Govern- 
ment, and they sent the High Sheriff, with deputies, 
militia officers, and others, numbering forty all told, in 
fifteen canoes. Baker made no resistance, and was in- 
carcerated as before stated. 

The Provincials had exercised other jurisdiction over 
the Aroostook country, such as summoning the American 
settlers on the Madawaska to answer for trespass on the 
Crown lands, seizing the cow of a debtor on the Aroos- 
took River, forty miles within the American line, and in 
other ways. 

Mr. Baker was afterward sentenced to imprisonment 
for six months, and to pay a fine of $750 for obstructing 
the passage of the mail. 

The proceedings of the Provincial authorities had be- 
come so offensive that loyal .Vmericans who could get 
away, were leaving. Mr. I )alton, an Aroostook settler, 
was not willing to live where such a state of things ex- 
isted, and sacrificed his house, thirty acres of cleared 
land, the products of the season, — 150 bushels of wheat, 
200 of ])otatoes, 75 of corn, — barn and iarming utensils, 
worth $700, for $184.38, and left for the West. On 
reaching Bangor he stated that "the inhabitants were in 
constant fear, and dared not sleep in their houses.'' 

Tile counties of Hertford, Devon, and Cornwallis, in 
Lower Canada, at separate meetings, passed resolves that 
that part of the country was surcharged with inhabitants; 
that there was an extent of land containing a superficies of 
about- fifteen leagues, on the waters of the St. John, fit 
for the formation of "a new establishment" upon, and 
offering an "opening for the superabundant population of 
the ancient establishments." But that their " neighbors 
of the United States could not see without coveting the 
fine plains of this part of North .\merica, that the meas- 
ures for the establishment of this part of the province are 
unhappily arrested by the pretensions of the Government 
of the United States to the lands from the sources of the 



' St. John to from two to tw-elve leagues from the banks of 
! the St. Lawrence, and that it is for the greatest interest 
of Lower Canada generally, that the just rights of His 
Majesty upon this extensive country be properly recog- 
nized and established." The Quebec (iazette said that 
the future importance of Lower Canada depended en- 
tirely upon the decision of this question — "that it w-ould 
j no longer be anything if they took from it fifteen hundred 
leagues of its territory in one of its most fertile parts." 

On October 13 W'llliam V. Cram gave notice of a 
meeting of subsciibers for the erection of a .Methodist 
meeting-house "at the Old School-house" on the east 
side of the Kenduskeag, on the 25th. 

On the 22d of October the Commander in-chief issued 
an order by Samuel Cony, Adjutant-General, in which he 
announced that he had inspec ted and reviewed fourteen 
regiments in the counties of Waldo, Hancock, Penob- 
scot, Somerset, and Oxford, and that he was "enabled to 
speak ot their appearance as proof that Maine w-as not 
disposed to abandon or neglect an institution by means 
of which the Independence of this country was achieved." 
The watchword is, "Militia of Maine, march forward." 

A meeting to consider the matter of building a Uni- 
tarian meeting-house was held on October 25. 

On November 3 Dr. Elisha Skinner died in Brewer, 
at the age of seventy three. He came to Brewer (then 
a part of Orrington) in 1787, from Jilansfield, Massachu- 
setts. He entered the army in the early part of the 
Revolution as surgeon's mate, and was shortly promoted 
to the office of surgeon, which he held until the war 
closed. His service was in the Southern army. He was 
a good and faithful surgeon in the army, and a successful 
physician in private life. When he died he was deacon 
of the Congregational church in Brewer, and was for 
many years Master in the Rising Virtue Lodge of Free 
Masons. 

Samuel Veazie and seven others published a petition 
to the Legislature for incorporation as the Orono Canal 
Company, to make a canal on the westerly side of the 
Penobscot at the falls and rapids at Indian Oldtown; 
and Thomas Bartlett and others published a petition for 
a road on the w-eslerly side of the river from Oldtown to 
Howland, which they declared was "loudly called for." 

Charles S. Daveis, of Portland, was appointed by the 
Executive to inquire into the nature and extent of the 
difficulties on the frontier and to act in behalf of the 
State. 

Governor Lincoln issued his proclamation on the 9th 
of November, referring to the arrest of Baker and other 
infringements on the rights of Maine by a foreign power, 
and exhorted to forbearance and peace, so that the 
preparations for preventing the removal of our land- 
marks might not be embarrassed by any unauthorized 
acts. 

The Northeastern boundary question attracted much 
attention at this time, and several papers w-ere published 
over the signature of "A Citizen of Portland," in the 
Portland Advertiser; of "Cato," in the Ellsworth Courier, 
and "Terminus," in the Bangor Register, setting forth 
the .-Vmerican argument very ably and clearly. 



640 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1 



There was fear at this time that the questions of the 
boundary, fisheries, and the colonial trade would lead 
to war between England and America. The two nations 
had long been rivals in commerce and were begmning to 
be so in manufactures. Great Britain could not bear a 
rival. It was a proud and supercilious nation. The 
English people loved war. According to Sir John Frois- 
sart, at the time of the attempted treaty at Amiens in 
1391, they were "fonder of war than of peace," and they 
had not as yet given much evidence that Christianity had 
produced a change in them for the better. 

The submission of the boundary question to an arbi- 
ter was under consideration, it is true, but it was rather 
too much to expect that England would submit to a de- 
cision that was not favorable to that nation. 

Isaac R. Park, the sign painter and author of the 
famous transparencies that figured on the occasion of the 
celebration of John Quincy Adams's inauguration; Mr. 
Jacob Chick's Fourth of July, and at other times, accord- 
ing to his own account, came near being lost to Bangor 
and the world about this time. He engaged a man "at 
an extra price" to convey him safely across the river at 
Oldtown, and therefore sat still, and did not deem it 
necessaiy to take thought for his safety until he found 
himself near going aver the falls "from this world into 
eternity on Tuesday, 20th November." His navigator 
deserted the batteau, leaving him no means to get on 
shore; so he was saved by accident. In his opinion that 
man was "only fit for a journeyman for old Charon, who 
ferries across the river Styx." He tendered his thanks to 
the gentlemen for saving him "from going to the world 
of spirits before he got ready," "not being able to dis- 
tinguish or call all of them by name, in consequence of 
being thinly clad at the time." 

The Stillwater bridge, in Orono, was completed as a 
toll bridge and offered for lease. 

Mr. Thomas Howard, the death of whose wife oc- 
culted in September, died in December. He had been 
a soldier in Wolfe's army, and was at the taking of Que- 
bec. He came to Bangor in 1772, and occupied one lot 
(No. 16) to the time of his death. He lived an exem- 
plary hie, and was a good citizen. He was a member of 
the Methodist church for thirty years before his decease, 
which occurred when he was eighty-six years of age. 

The New Brunswick Royal Gazette claimed that the 
actual possession of the disputed territory northward of 
the highlands, commencing at Mars Hill, "and of course 
all the lands on the Restook, as we call the river, or 
Aroostook," as the Americans call it, had alwajs been in 
Great Britain. 

The St. John Britisli Colonist said: " It is certainly 
revolting to the feelings of Englishmen to witness the 
provoking and insulting language of such an infant na- 
tion towards the greatest power on the terrestrial globe. 
She who has had almost every other nation with the 
Americans united in colleague against her, and has com- 
bated and subdued them without assistance, is now to 
be insulted by one of the most infant governments on 
the earth; by a nation whose greatest trait is chicanery 
and duplicity !" 



On December 22d the "Clarion," a small four-page" 
weekly literary paper, edited by Charles Oilman, was 
issued from the Register office. 

The supercilious and arrogant tone of the British press 
led to the discussion, in Maine, of a military road from 
Bangor to Houlton. The latter place was about 140 
miles from any shire town. In from thirty to forty miles 
of the distance there was no road, or scarcely a track; 
and the traveler was obliged in passing to camp over 
night in the woods. The mail was received there but 
once a month. It was conveyed a part of the way by 
land and a part by water — the mail-carrier's back being 
the vehicle for much of the distance. The number of 
inhabitants south of Mars Hill was nearly 1,500 ; 
and in Madawaska about 3,000. With a good road and 
the boundary question settled, it was jjredicted that the 
population would double in six years. 

The subject of the arrest of Baker was discussed by 
Mr. Clay, Secretary of State, and Mr. Charles R. 
Vaughn, the British Minister. The latter said that it 
was evident that the offensive conduct of Baker "was 
not confined to stopping the mail, but that he had hoisted 
the flag of the United States in defiance of British 
claims, and had sought to engage a party in an ancient 
British settlement to tr.insfer the possession to the United 
Slates," and produced depositions from Frenchmen, that 
a paper was circulated in a Madawaska settlement for 
signatures, by which the signers bound themselves to re- 
sist British authority. The Minister urged that too 
much vigilance could not be exerted by the different Gov- 
ernments to remove misapprehension and control pas- 
sion among the settlers. 

The brig Bold Jack, of Bangor, was wrecked on a voy- 
age to the U'est Indies. She was discovered, about No- 
vember 24, drifting among the rocks off the Bermudas, 
and appeared to have been dismantled and drifting about 
the ocean, full of water, for some months. She had an 
assorted cargo. 

The business men w^ho established themselves or 
formed new connections in Bangor in the year 1827 were 
Nathaniel Haynes, Ira Chamberlain (tailor), James Tol- 
man, Edward Kent and Jonathan P. Rogers, became a 
business firm as lawyers, George Perrj', William Cutter, 
Theodore S. Dodd, Joseph N. Downe and Bartlett Willis 
(wheelwrights), Philip H. and John E. Hesseltine, Charles 
Reynolds, Ammi West, Shadrack Roberts and George 
Hervey (tailors), Charles Buck, John Hoyt andO. N. Brad- 
ford, Erastus and J. M. Learned, Joseph Leavitt, Jr., Wil- 
lis Patten, Samuel Fellows (blacksmith), Haren Mitchell, 
William W. Emerson, Horatio P. Blood, Peleg Chandler 
and Gorham Parks (l.iw firm), James H. Mills, Henry A. 
Head (bought out Elmore Parker), Mighill H. Blood, Dr. 
Cary, Isaac W. Patten and Charles Lowell (comjjany), 
Joseph C. Stevens (boots and shoes), George W. Picker- 
ing, formed company with George A. Thatcher (Pickering 
& Thatcher), A. A. Dillingham (baker, bought out David 
J. Bent), Mark L. Hill, formed company with John C. 
Dexter (Hill & Dexter), Romulus Haskins & Company, 
French, Quimby, and Benjamin Weed (French, Weed & 
Co.), Preston Jones (cabinet-maker), Henry Nolen. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



641 



CHAPTER XXI. 

Reception of Maine Agents in New Brunswick — Only Mail West — Sal- 
mon in 'January — Paid bv Sympathy — Boundary Claim — Death of 
Oliver Leonard — Misapprehension relative to Northeast Boundary — 
Rev. S. Baker's School — Good Fruit — Timber Lands Advertised — 
Postages — Boundary Committee appointed — Town Meeting — .Alms- 
house — 3y-laws — Town Pumps — .Appomtments by Governor — Acad- 
emy Discontinued — Mr. Quimbv's .School — First Baptist Meeting- 
house — Mechanics' .Association — Penobscot Boom — Stillwater Canal 
— .A Twenty-three pound Trout — Military Road — Troops ordered to 
Houlton — Oldtown Mail — Probtte Notices — United States Officers 
.Arrive — Trout Excitement — Bucksport Mail — Fire Wards — United 
States Troops arrive — Beef wanted for them — Newspapers in Maine — 
Supreme Judicial Court — Parris appointed Judge — Parties organized 
— Butman and Emerson nominated for Congress — Sabbath — Chick 
takes the "Exchange" — More United States Troops — Political Ex- 
citement — Indian Church — Brewer's Estate sold — Theological Sem- 
inary Exhibition — Major T. Williams elected Brigadier-General — 
Annual State Election — Death of Simeon Gorton — Military trouble — 
Timber Land — Methodist Meeting-house completed — R. Woodhull 
lakes the Classical .School — Mrs. Pike's death by (juackery — Political 
Alarm and Enthusiasm — ^Jackson elected President — Butman elected 
Rep resentative — Garrison's First Paper — Daniel Wilkins appointed 
Sheriff — Literary Club — B. B. Thatcher and "Clarion" — "Merchant 
Row" — Elisha H. .Allen opens a Law Office — Vote for President — 
Citizens' Watch — Liquor Dealers — River — Universalist Chapel at 
Hampden — Fire-Club. 

1828. Mr. Davies, of Portland, who had been ap- 
pointed to visit New Brunswick in relation to the border 
difficulties, was hos|jitably but not officially received at 
Fredericton. The subject being national, it was for 
national agents to settle. Mr. Barrel!, an agent of the 
United States, followed Mr. Davies, but the Governor of 
New Brunswick would not communicate with him in his 
official capacity. Both agents devoted themselves to ob- 
taining all the information upon the subject in their 
power. Mr. Barrell went to Madawaska for the purpose. 

The mail was now conveyed by coaches every day be- 
tween Bangor and .Augusta, through Hampden, Frank- 
fort, Prospect, Swanville, Belfast, Belmont, Palermo, 
China, and Vassalboro, under the direction of Benjamin 
Garland and J. B. Hanscomb. 

Mr. Timothy Colby, the notable fisherman, while fish- 
ing for frost fish in the Kenduskeag, on the 3d of Janu- 
ary, caught a fine, fat salmon weighing five and a quarter 
pounds. This was the only salmon, probably, ever 
caught in that way through the ice in that river. 

Mr. John Ham, an efficient fire ward, in the exercise of 
his duty at a fire, came in collision with some choleric 
individual, who put the law in motion against him; where- 
upon the Fire Club voted its disapprobation of the pros- 
ecution, and gave the persecuted brother the benefit of 
its sympathy. 

Oliver Leonard, Esq., died in Bangor, in January, at 
the age of sixty-five. 

There was some misapprehension in regard to the 
claim of the American Government in the boundary dis- 
pute. George Van Ness, one of the Commissioners 
under the Treaty of Ghent, stated that the angle of the 
American lines was about 144 miles north from the 
source of the river St. Croix, 66 miles north of the river 
St. John, and 104 miles from Mars Hill ; while the Brit- 
ish commissioner, Mr. Vaughan, claimed it was 40 
miles north of the source of the St. Croix river, and 38 
miles south of the river St. John. 



On the isth of January, the Republican members of 
the Legislature renominated Enoch Lincoln as candidate 
for Governor. 

Rev. Samuel Baker, an eccentric preacher, had estab- 
lished a school in Dexter, which occasioned considerable 
animadversion among the citizens, whereupon a town 
nieeting was called and some votes were passed unfavor- 
able to the school. 

This naturally was not agreeable to Mr. Baker, and he, 
as "Overseer," deemed it proper to state in the Bangor 
Register that the school was "greatly encouraged by re- 
marks of all the virtuous;" that the "manneis and tem- 
pers of the scholars had been improved;" that both sexes, 
from four to twenty-two, had attended "with remarkable 
health and content;" that the scholars were taught, both 
by precept and example, to attend "meetings of all or- 
ders;" that the "donors of the school and officers" were 
of different orders, and the constitution prohibited sec- 
tarianism; that the numerous applications for admission 
proved the "loud call" for it; and that the pecuniary 
saving to each scholar was $63 per year. 

This statement of Mr. Baker was contradicted in 
some important particulars by Edward Jumper, John 
Bates, and Thomas R. Bicknell, the Selectmen. They 
said that the town meeting was called to remonstrate 
against the granting a petition by the Legislature for the 
incorporation of the school ; that the school was secta- 
rian; that Mr. Baker had denounced the preaching of a 
Baptist minister in town as false ; that scholars who at- 
tended that meeting were required to sign an acknowl- 
edgment that they had done wrong in attending it, or to 
be expelled from the school ; that Mr. Baker misrepre- 
sented ; that the school was taught by a female, who 
would have taught as well as other female teachers if not 
controlled by Mr. Baker ; that the meeting was well at- 
tended, and was almost unanimous in voting to remon- 
strate against the incorporation, as they were satisfied that 
sectarianism and many superstitious ideas, unprofitable 
to persons of any age, were taught and enforced in the 
school. Seba French, E. H. Burleigh, and other promi- 
nent citizens, signed the statement. 

Mr. Baker felt still further aggrieved by this jiublic 
denionstration against his school, and protested still that 
it was unsectarian, that he had required no writteii ac- 
knowledgment from scholars that they had done wrong 
because they attended a Baptist meeiing, but that they 
had done wrong in leaving their own Meihodist meeting, 
by which they had broken their "church covenant," and 
])ublished certificates of members of the school in con- 
firmation of his statement. He thought this persecution 
grew out of jealousy, occasioned by "uncertain Hying 
reports." 

As a proof that in the Penobscot as good fruit could 
be raised as in the " Western country," the Register stated 
that Mr. Elias Blake had left at the office a New York 
pippin apple, raised on his farm, twelve and one-half 
inches in circumference, four inches in diameter, weigh- 
ing thirteen and one-half ounces. The tree that bore it 
was presented to Mr. Blake by Mr. Brimmer, of Boston. 

The Theological Seminary gave notice that the Ac- 



642 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ademical Department would be open in March for the 
admission of students preparing for college or the count- 
ing-room, under a cora|)etent instructor — a college 
graduate. 

Thirteen townships and half-townships of timber lands 
were advertised by Mr. Irish, Land Agent, to be sold by 
public auction in July. 

The amount of postage which accrued in 1827 in 
towns in Maine, that exceeded $500 in each, was as fol- 
lows: Augusta, $540.24; Bangor, $1,032.30; Bath, 
$1,172.89; Belfast, $592.28 ; Brunswick, $781.19; Cas- 
tine, $509.26; Eastport, $774.10; Gardiner, $729.97- 
Hallowell, $1,061.33; Portland, $4,630.37; Saco,$98o. 40; 
Thomaston, $626.62 ; Wiscassct, $563.36. 

The excitement upon the boundary question was in 
creasing. The Legislature referred it to a committee 
consisting of John L. Mtgquire, Ruel Williams, Joshua 
W. Hathaway, John G. Deane, Henry W. Fuller, William 
Vance, Joshua Carpenter, Rufus Burnham, whichmade an 
able repoit, stating the pojition ofthe question, referring to 
the encroachments of the British, the action of the Execu- 
tive approving it, and suggesting the duty dev(jlving 
upon the General Government to protect our citizens 
and our State rights. The newspapers in the Provinces 
were supercilious and taunting, and those of Maine in- 
dignant. A messenger from Houlton ariived in Bangor 
in March with a petition from some of the inhabitants 
of that region to the Executive for protection against the 
usurpations of the Government of New Brunswick. 

Baker and six other Americans were indicted by the 
grand jury in New Brunswick, and arraigned for con- 
spiracy and seditious practices by hoisting the American 
colors in Madawaska, and refusing to pull them down 
when requested, and for opposing a British constable in 
the performance of his duty. He declined at first to 
answer whether he were guilty or not guilty — claimed 
that the alleged offenses, if committed, were committed 
within the State of Maine, of which he was a citizen, and 
that the court had no jurisdiction. The court insisted 
that he should plead. He then said if there was no al- 
ternative — he having no counsel — that he should say he 
was not guilty, protesting against the jurisdiction and 
asking for a continuance. This was granted, and he was 
released upon bail in ^400. 

Eight Americans living at Madawaska and eleven living 
on the Aroostook River were indicted, and a posse com- 
itatus was sent up to take those to Fredericton gaol who 
were concerned in the affray about Arnold's cow. On 
hearing this several made their way through the wilder- 
ness to Houlton. 

The annual meeting for the choice of town officers was 
held on March 10th. Amos Patten, James Crosby, and 
Daniel Pike were made Selectmen ; S. L. Pomroy, J. P. 
Dickinson, George Starrett, Edwin Kent, John Godfrey, 
Superintending School Committee ; Alexander Savage 
was elected Town Clerk; George Starrett, Treasurer ; 
Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; John Godfrey, Auditor of 
Accounts. The moneys raised were for town charges, 
$1,700; for highways, $4,000; for schools, $1,600; $50 
for putting stone posts at the corner of the streets. 



On the 24th March an adjourned meeting ofthe town »|] 
was held, and William D. ^Villiamson was chosen Mod- S I 
erator. The meeting was comparatively small. It refused 
to accept a report on the subject of the alms-house, made 
in accordance with the wishes of the town at the first 
session. A reconsideration of the first vote was moved, 
and objected to on the ground that no notice was given 
that such a motion was contemplated; that the meeting 
was not as full as when the vote was taken ; that the mo- 
tion was not made by one who voted with the majority 
when the vote was taken. The objections were alT over- 
ruled by the Moderator, who, it was alleged by the Reg- 
ister, knew little of parliamenlary rules, although he had 
presided over the Senate of Maine ! The Register loved 
to criticise its opponents, right or wrong. 

At this meeting John Godfrey, Samuel Call, and 
George Starrett were appointed a committee to draft a 
code of by-laws for the town. 

At this time there were two town [lumps, one in the 
centre of West Market Square and one in the Mercan- 
tile Square near the head of Mercantile Block, on Broad 
street. There was much comiilaint that they were not 
kept in repair. There was no want of water, however, in 
West Market Square, for there was a little pond of water 
in the centre of it nearly all the summer through, and 
there was not enterprise enough in the Selectmen to get 
rid of it for many years. 

Among the appointments by the Governor this year 
was that of Samuel Lowder, Jr., of Bangor, as Public 
Administrator; Joshua Carpenter, of Howland, Agent 
on the Mattanawcook road. 

The Bangor Young Ladies' Academy was discontinued 
about this time, and Abel M. Quimby, sometime its pre- 
ceptor, opened a school for young ladies in the hall of 
the Franklin House, on the first Monday in May. 

On the 22d March James Tilton, Edward Sargent, and 
Jacob Garland gave notice of a meeting of the proprie- 
tors of the First Baptist meeting-house for the purchase 
of land. 

John Williams gave notice that the Bangor Mechanic 

Association would organize on April 15th. There was 

I much feeling at this time among the apprentices against 

the clerks in stores on account of their real or supposed 

assumption of superiority, and the older mechanics were 

determined to afford the apprentices such opportunities 

I as it was in their power to provide, to become at least 

j the equals, if not the superiors, of the clerks in intelli- 

I gence and cultivation. This was one of the ends for 

which the association was organized, and it accomplished 

much good. 

Rufus Dwinel gave notice that the Penobscot boom 
had been put in repair and would be ready to receive 
logs as soon as they commenced running, at thirty-five 
cents per thousand feet. 

John Bennock, Daniel White, William Emerson, and 
Asa W. Babcock, gave notice of a meeting on the 21st 
of April, for the organization of the Stillwater Canal 
Corporation. 

Mr. Timothy Colby and Mr. Albert Chick made them- 
selves temporarily famous by bringing to Bangor several 






HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



643 



trout which they caught in the Schoodic Lake, above 
Sebec, the largest of which weighed twenty-three pounds. 
Mr. Cti-ick was so highly elated by his success that, with 
others, he made another trip to the lake and returned 
with thirty, the largest weighing twelve pounds. They 
were called "salmon trout," and described "as hard and 
rich, with a fine flavor, and having the appearance of the 
salmon, though the belly was more yellow, and the back 
and sides thoroughly interspersed with small, bright yel- 
lowish spots." 

The late events on the frontier, and the excitement 
occasioned thereby, had their effect in Washington. 
Congress appropriated a large sum for building a Military 
Road from Mattawamkeag, where the State road termi- 
nated, to Houlton, the nearest settlement to Mars Hill 
within the acknowledged limits of the United States of 
any importance. 

Government had also ordered four companies of in- 
fantry from diflerent posts in the neighborhood of De- 
troit, Michigan, to be stationed at Houlton. 

The correspondence between the Governor of Maine 
and the Department of State of the United States, and 
other functionaries, in relation to the boundary, became 
quite voluminous. 

Messrs. Burley and Marshall now carried the United 
State's mail by coach on Mond.iys, Thursdays, and Sat- 
urdays, between Bangor and Oldtown. 

Much complaint was made of the Judge of Probate 
because he required all the probate notices to be pub- 
lished in the Eastern Republican. This was attributed 
to his partisan feelings rather than to the convenience it 
was to have all the notices in one paper. To do away 
with all occasion of complaint on this account, the Leg- 
islature provided by law tliat probate notices should be 
published in whatever newspapers parties having the con- 
trol of them desired. 

Many children were victims of a disease called the 
quinzy, and children and others were attacked by croup, 
which was often fatal, at this period, and much alarm 
prevailed in the community on account of these diseases. 

On the 23d of .\\m\ .\Lajor Clark and Lieutenant Rus- 
sell, of the United States .\rmy, arrived in Bangor on 
their way to Houlton, to make arrangements for the ac- 
commodation of the troops which were to be stationed 
at that place. 

The success of Messrs. Colby and Chick in taking what 
they called salmon trout occasioned some excitement 
among the anglers of Boston, and they wrote to the Ban- 
gor Register for information in regard to the place where 
and the manner in which those enormous trout were ob- 
tained. They had made frequent visits to Sebago Lake, 
where the trout did not weigh over two pounds at the 
most, were covered with black spots, had neither fat nor 
flavor, and afforded more pleasure in taking than eating. 

The Register replied that the late where the fish were 
taken was called Otter Lake on Hale's map, but not here. 
It was called Schoodic Lake, was situated partly in 
Brownville and partly in Township No. 4, Eighth Range, 
and that the outlet disembogued into the Piscataquis at 
Kilmarnock (Medford), and was called Schoodic Stream; ' 



that Chick reported the distance from Bangor to the lake 
about forty-five miles ; that, not having success at the 
foot of the lake, his party went to the head, seven or 
eight miles; that, after fishing about ten minutes, they 
caught a trout weighing nine and a half pounds, and be- 
tween 9 and 12 o'clock took twelve. .'Vfter dinner they 
took three more. This was the 29th of March. On 
the 2d of April he was at the lake again, and in the day 
and night succeeding he and his companions caught 
twenty of the fish with about a dozen lines they let down 
through the ice. 

.'\ mail stage now ran between Bangor and Bucksport 
three times a week. 

The Fire Wards, on the 15th of April, a|)pointed .'\mos 
Patten to have the general direction of the engines at 
fires; John Ham and James B. Fiske, to have special 
charge of Engine No. i; Samuel Lowder and John Wil- 
liams, of Washington Engine ; Ezra Hutchins, to take 
charge of fire hooks and remove vessels; John Barker, 
Jacob McGaw, Wiggins Hill, Edward Sargent, to form 
lines for Washington Engine ; Edmund Dole, Abner 
Tayljr, John ^L Piince, Isaac Hodsdon, to form lines 
for Engine No. i ; George W. Brown, John Godfrey, 
George Savage, and George W. Pickering, to take charge 
of furniture and merchandise ; David Hill and John 
Ham, to take charge of ladders. 

On May 10 a company of United States troops, under 
Lieutenant Gallagher, arrived in the schooner Eddington; 
Captain Lowder, from New York, en route for Houlton. 

Messrs. Lander, Builey, and Saunders, on June 3, 
commenced carrying the United States mail to Houlton, 
under a contract to convey it once a week. 

Lieutenant B. F. Russell caused some excitement 
among the cattle growers by adveitising for thirty thou- 
sand pounds of beef (on hoof), to be delivered at Houl- 
ton for the United States troops, by the ist day of No- 
vember, 1828. 

There were at this time published in Maine thirty- 
three papers — twenty five political, six religious, two lite- 
rarv, and one temoerance. The Register, Eastern Re- 
publican, and Clarion were published in Bangor. Of 
the religious papers, two were Calvinist Baptist, one Or- 
thodox Congregationalist, one Universalist, one Free-will 
Baptist. 

Mr. Chick's green peas did not appear ujjon his table 
this year until the 23d of June. 

.\t the June term of the Supreme Judicial Court, 
Thornton McGaw, James S. Holmes, and George Star- 
rett, were admitted as counsellors, and Jonathan P. 
Rogers Charles Stetson, Nathaniel Hatch, William Good- 
enow, and George B. Moody, attorneys. 

Albion K. Parris was appointed by the Governor a 
Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, vice William Pitt 
Preble, who had been appointed one of the Commission- 
ers of the Northeastern boundary. Daniel Rose was ap- 
pointed Land Agent, vice James Irish, resigned, and Joel 
Miller Warden of the State Prison, vice Daniel Rose; 
Joshua Chamberlain, of Brewer, an Agent of the Penob- 
scot Indians; Alexander Savage, Register of Probate. 

The Fourth of July was celebrated by the Bangor Ar- 



644 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



1 



tillery, Captain John A. Mayhew. An address was de- 
livered at the First Parish church by Mr. Richard Wood- 
hull. 

The political parties had now distinctly defined their 
position. The Administration party had renominated 
John Quincy Adams for President, and the opposition 
had adopted Andrew Jackson as their candidate. 

The Administration candidate for Representative to 
Congress from Penobscot was Samuel Butman ; for Sen- 
ator, Solomon Parsons. Opposition for Representative, 
William Emerson; for Senator, Daniel Emery, of Hamp- 
den. 

The subject of the "better observance of the Sabbath" 
was agitated at this period in the county, and Jacob Mc- 
Gaw, Daniel Pike, Royal Clark, James B. Fiske, S. L. 
Poinroy, John Ham, Eliashib Adams, John Smith, 
James Crosby, John Pearson, Abner Taylor, and Caleb 
C. Billings, notified a meeting on the 6th of August to 
consider the subject. 

July 2 1 Jacob Chick gave notice that the Penobscot Ex- 
change Coffee House was open for the accommodation 
of the public, under his charge; that it contained about 
seventy rooms, comprismg halls, parlors, club-rooms, etc., 
and was furnished in a manner equal, if not superior, to 
any other public house in Maine. 

Considerable interest was awakened in the town by the 
arrival, on the 28th, of three companies of United States 
troops, lately detached from the Second Regiment, at 
Green Bay, and on their way to Houlton. They were 
under the command of Captain Stanifyrd. Lieutenants 
Morton and Bloodgood, and Surgeon Russell, were with 
them. They were pleasantly encamped on an open square 
between Penobscot, Somerset, and Park streets and Broad- 
way. At the request of many of the citizens they were 
paraded and performed various evolutions, and being 
accompanied by a fine band, afforded the people much 
entertainment. The military men of the town were 
highly pleased with the excellent aijpearance and perfect 
drill of the troops, and the lovers of music were delight- 
ed with the performances of the band, which played an 
hour or two every evening while it was in town. The 
encampment had many visitors of both sexes, and 
officers, privates, and visitors were mutually pleased with 
each other. They remained from Tuesday until Satur- 
day, when they took up their line of march tor Houlton. 

The political excitement increased, but, although there 
was much bitterness between the parties and their or- 
gans, yet there was not that indecent criticism of candi- 
dates that prevailed before the party lines were so 
clearly defined. The Register complained that the 
"Gemini," as it called the Eastern Republican, endeav- 
ored to excite the jealousies of the people of the country 
against the people of the town. Perhaps at this period 
commenced those jealousies which have to a greater or 
less extent been perpetuated by the reckless charges of 
politicians. 

In this month permits were sold at Oldtown, for the 
purpose of raising twelve hundred dollars to build a 
church for the Indians, to cut timber on the townships 
of the Penobscot tribe. 



On the 2 2d of August the real estate upon which John 
Brewer established himself near the Segeundedunk 
Stream nearly sixty years before, was sold at public 
auction by his executor, Allen Gilman. 

The annual exhibition of the Theological Seminary 
took place on the 6th of August. " ev. George E. 
Adams delivered his inaugural ada.ess as professor, 
which was highly complimented. 

Mr. Henry Nolen succeeded Mr. Chick in the Maine 
Coffee House. 

On August 20 Major John Williams was elected Brig- 
adier-General of the First Brigade, Third Division, in 
place of General Joseph Treat, honorably discharged. 

Mr. D. R. Newhall and several gentlemen and ladies 
from Boston, gave an exhibition of their abilities in a 
concert of sacred music at the First Parish church, on 
the evening of August 26. 

Mr. Zadock Davis, who was a meek man in appear- 
ance, was always bold and outspoken towards the de- 
linquent debtors of Davis cSc Weed. He addressed 
them no longer in poetry, but in such emphatic prose as 
this: "Their notes and accounts are about to pass into 
the hands of the subscriber, and from there into the 
hands of an attorney to collect forthwith." 

The annual meeting for the choice of Governor and 
other officers, was held on September 9th. Enoch Lin- 
coln received for Governor, 97 votes ; Solomon Parsons, 
for Senator, 141; Daniel Emery, 52; Edward Kent, for 
Representative to the Legislature, 131; Thomas A. Hill, 
49; Charles Rice, for County Treasurer, 87; Samuel But- 
man, 129; William Emerson, 68. 

Mr. Lincoln was elected Governor; Mr. Parsons, 
Senator; Mr. Rice, Treasurer; Mr. Kent, Representative 
to the Legislature ; Mr. Butman, Representative to Con- 
gress. 

Mr. Simeon Gorton, who came from Connecticut and 
settled in Hampden in 1770, died in September, at the 
age of seventy-nine. Benjamin Orr, the eminent lawyer 
of Brunswick, died at the age of fifty-five. Gehudi Ash- 
mun, former Professor of the Theological Seminary, and 
late Governor of Liberia, died in New Haven, Connecti- 
cut, and was buried with every mark of respect. 

The review of Colonel Rogers's Regiment of Militia 
took place on the 23d of September. The interest in the 
musters was waning. At Belfast there was mutinous 
conduct on the i6th, which occasioned a withdrawal of 
a part of the troops. There was an increasing feeling 
that these military gatherings were more injurious to the 
morals than they would be likely to be of benefit in case 
of any military contingency; then the tax upon the peo- 
ple was a matter worthy of consideration. Still they 
afforded relaxation to multitudes, whose occasions for 
amusement were few enough — but amusement was the 
last thing that was thought worthy of public recognition 
in a country where work was worshipped. It was to be 
many a year before the surplus means of Maine farmers 
and business men would authorize the expenditure of 
much time in recreation. 

The trouble at Belfast grew out of an old dispute, a 
year or more old, in relation to the correctness of a certain 



11 




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^^^miHj^ij; Cm^ '[*Mi£ p-'tj, 
*: . ^^^I'^-^ i 1:^14 ifeC 08^4! isJli 













S^C^^j^S Jl« (ini\ 



.• I 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



645 



maneuver which Major-General Hodsdon ordered. the 
Colonel to cause to be performed. The order was given 
to the regiment, when preparing for inspection —"Break 
into open column of companies, to the left backward." 
The order was disapproved by the Major-Ceneral the 
year before, he insisting that the companies should wheel 
to the right forward. On the Colonel's repeating the 
objectionable order this year, it was again disapproved; 
hence the mutinous manifestation. 

The Land Agent, Daniel Rose, gave notice that he 
should sell by auction Township No. 3, Range 4, Norris 
& McMillan's survey, at the minimum price of twenty 
cents per acre; No. 4, R. 5, Norris' survey, at a 
minimum of twenty-five cents per acre; No. 2, R. 9, 
minimum 25; No. 3, R. 14, minimum 25; Tract A, 2, 
in R 12; and 14, 25; and Tract X, R. 14, 25. Not 
more than a town of si.\ miles square, nor less than a 
tract of a mile square, would be struck off at one time. 
Terms one-fourth down; remainder in one, two and 
three years, and interest annually, secured by mortgage 
on the premises. 

John B. Hill, Webster Kelley, and .Albert Bingham 
were admitted to practice as attorneys at the October 
term of the Court of Common Pleas. 

In September a frame meeting-house was completed 
near the foot of Union street, where Independent street 
connects with it, by the Methodist society. 

Mr. Richard WoodhuU opened the Classical School of 
the Theological Seminary on the i8th of September. 

Some excitement was occasioned by the death of Mrs. 
Nathaniel Pike, formerly of Waterford, said to be under 
the treatment of a (juack. It was said that she was a 
healthy and strong woman, that on Friday and Satur- 
day she complained of cold, which had increased on Sun- 
day, though she was able to make her bed and sit up a 
part of the time ; that she called in a "steam doctor," 
who administered four or five emetics in quick succession, 
which occasioned great distress and apparent derange- 
ment of the mind ; that on her friends e.xpressing alarm, 
the "doctor" told them that these effects might have 
been expected, for the patient had taken opium at some 
time in her life, and his medicine was battling with the 
narcotic and would soon overcome it. Their apprehen- 
sions being quieted, the operations were continued, 
emetics were administered, the patient was subjected to 
a steaming process, cold water was dashed over her, cap- 
sicum was poured down her throat to keep up the inter- 
nal heat, until Monday night, when nature gave way, and 
she expired. 

Mr. Pike made a statement somewhat modifying the 
above account, that had gone abroad. The emetics were 
not administered in so objectionable a manner; the 
steaming was about fifteen minutes, and subject to the 
will of the patient. Red pepper, " Composition," and 
"Nerve Powder" were often administered. 

The politicians were as much alarmed for the future 
of the country in the event of the success of their op- 
ponents this year as they have been at any titne since. 
An enthusiastic Adams man, deprecating the election of 
General Jackson, urged his fellow-citizens to "remember 



that not only their liberties, but the fate of their posterity, 
of nations yet unborn de])ended, in some measure, upon 
the right of suffrage." Enthusiastic Jackson men ex- 
pressed themselves in a similar manner, threw u[) their 
hats, and shouted " Hurrah for Jackson I " Partisans ac- 
cused their enemies of "using falsehood in all its phases 
of hardy assertion, brazen denial, and ingenious misrep- 
resentation." 

The electors of Bangor had a partiality for John 
Quincy Adams; but, notwithstanding, they gave 184 
votes for General Simon Norvell and the other National 
Republican Electors, to 94 for Daniel Rose and the Dem- 
ocratic Electors ; yet General Jackson was elected to the 
Presidency. 

Samuel Butman's majority for Representative to Con- 
gress at the September election was 2,045 ^'^^^ William 
Emerson and others. 

About this time appeared the "Journal of the Times," 
edited by William Lloyd Garrison, and published at Ben- 
nington, Vermont. It favored the election of Mr. Adams, 
and was hailed as an "important auxiliary." 

Daniel Wilkins, of Charleston, was appointed Sheriff 
of Penobscot, in place of John Wilkins, who had re- 
signed. 

There was just complaint that the Su|)remc Court held 
a session on election day, thereby depriving jurors, suit- 
ors, and others, of their privilege of the franchise. This 
has since been provided against by law. 

The young men formed an association called the 
"Literary Club," and established a reading-room having 
the leading newspapers, reviews, and periodicals of the 
day. 

November 8, B. B. Thatcher connected himself with 
Charles Oilman in the editorship of "The Clarion," 
which was enlarged to a paper of eight pages. It was a 
rather interesting literary paper to the young people, but 
it did not get far into its second year before it finished 
its career. 

This month Vaughan & Robinson were doing a 
crockeryware business at No. 4, and Mrs. Ruth Ingra- 
ham a fashionable millinery business at No. 5, Merchants' 
Row. This was a row of twostory stores extending 
from West Market Place, on the south side of Main 
street. 

On November 18 Elisha Allen — since Chief Justice of 
the Sandwich Islands — opened a law office on the easter- 
ly side of Broad street, facing Mercantile Square. 

This day there was a violent snow-storm. The ground, 
however, was not frozen, the preceding part of the month 
having been rainy. 

Mr. Richard WoodhuU gave notice that he would de- 
liver the first of a course of lectures on astronomy "(gratis), 
before the Mechanic Association at the Court-house, in 
this village," on the evening of December 16. The lec- 
ture was delivered. The "matter and style of the lec- 
ture" were pronounced "[jerspicuous, the delivery and 
manner clear and intelligible," the apparatus "imperfect." 

A citizens' watch was organized and commenced its 
duties on December 15, which were to be continued 
until the ist of May. 



646 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1 



The votes for President in some of the towns in tiie 
Penobscot District were as follow : 

Adams. Jackson. 

Atkinson 38 17 

Bangor 184 85 

Bradford 6 26 

Brownville 26 6 

Brewer 56 32 

Carmel 10 16 

Charlestown 64 71 

Corinth 31 51 

Dexter 63 50 

Di.Kmont irg 6 

Dover 27 53 

Dutton (Glenburn) 15 13 

Eddington 23 28 

Exeter 38 87 

Guilford 25 65 

Hampden 84 32 

HowLind 10 54 

Kilmarnock (Medford) 11 00 

Kirkland (Hudson) 3 29 

Levant (and Kenduskeag) 21 49 

Mile 26 00 

Ncwburg 22 42 

Newport 11 63 

Orono (and Oldtown) 107 44 

Orrington 95 00 

Plantation No. 4 (Bradley) 19 14 

Plymouth 15 14 

Sangervilie 54 48 

Sebec 38 33 

Stetson 13 6 

Stmkh-"i?,e (Milford) 23 3 

Williamsburg 7 00 

The vote of the State was for Adams, 20,807; for 
Jackson, 13,963; scattering, loi. 

Richard H. Bartlett and Atnos M. Roberts gave notice 
of a copartnership and o( their opening a store in Ban- 
gor for the sale of all kinds of goods. The style of the 
firm was Bartlett & Roberts. ■ Among their stock was 
New England rum. Deacon George VV. Brown adver- 
tised wines; Joseph C. Stevens and E. Learned adver- 
tised brandy and West Indies rum. Indeed, all the deal- 
ers at this time had no scruples in regard to selling 
liquors openly. 

The river closed on the night of the iSth. The sloop 
Brutus brought a large quantity of freight from Hamp- 
den, and having landed it left on that day. 

A new Universalist chapel was dedicated at Hamp- 
den Lower Corner on December 25. The sermon was 
by Rev. F. Mace; the music was under the direction of 
Dr. John Abbott, who was assisted by Mr. John Hoyt, 
of Bangor. Rev. Joshua Hall, Methodist, made the 
concluding prayer. 

On December 30, the Bangor Fire Club, of which 
George Starrett, Esq., was Secretary, held its annual 
meeting at Hutchins's hotel (Hatch House) and partook 
of a supper. 



CHAPTER XXIL 

Mail Improvements— Joseph Carr & Son— A Croaker— Peleg Sprague-ll 
and John Holmes United States Senators —Thomas .\. Hill Chief Jus-i 
tice Court of Sessions— John Godfrey County .Attorney — Snow- 
Town Clock ."Agitation— "Final Happiness" Meeting— The Jackson 
Bells — Annual Meeting— Huntoon & Hunton — McLean Appointed 
Judge United States Court- Gaol Burnt— Death of Deacon Boyd— 
Death of Joseph Le.ivitt — Town Authorized to Regulate the Harbor- 
Greenleaf's Map of Maine— New Gaol Contemplated — Ice Left-^ 
Horse Ferry-boat — Shingles— General Trafton Postmaster — Chl(4 
Displaced — Fourth of July— Two Celebrations — Party Bitterness- 
County Temperance Society— Joshua Carpenter Collector of Cas- 
tine — Sharp Gubernatorial Canvass — Unitari.in Meeting House Dedi- 
cated — State Election — Hunton Governor — Meteor — First Metho- 
dist Meeting House — Death of Governor Lincoln — Professor Adams 
Invited to Brunswick — Madame Royal's Introduction to President 
Jackson— Lyceum— Dr. Dickinson's Saddle-bags— Death of Jesse 
.Smith — "Hook and Ladder" Company — Annual Meeting of Fire 
Club. 

1829. Mail communication between Bangor and the 
outer woild continued to improve. By a new arrange- 
ment the mail after January ist was but little more than 
two days on its way from Boston to Bangor. It left th'e 
former place at 5 o'clock p. m. and arrived at the latter 
at 8 o'clock p. M. on the second day, stopping at Bruns- 
wick six or eight hours the first night. It is now some- 
thing less than a quarter of that time on its way, and in 
a few years will probably be less than an eighth of it. 

"A Unitarian," who frequently attended public wor- 
ship with the Methodist Society, for " whose moral and 
religious character he had a profound reverence," was 
much disturbed on reading in their hymn-book a hymn 



headed 
lines : 



'For the Mahometans," in which were these 

Stretch out tiiy arm, thou triune God; 

The Unitarian fiend expel, 

And chase his doctrine back to hell. 

"In charity to them '' he believed that "very few of 
them are disposed to apply such language as the above 
to a doctrine which it is humbly believed is expressly 
commanded and enjoined by God himself, and taught 
by the prophets in the Old Testament, and confirmed 
by Christ and his Apostles in the New Testament." 

Peleg Sprague and John Holmes were elected by the 
Legislature to Congress, the latter for the unexpired 
term occasioned by the resignation of Albion K. Parris. 

On P'ebruary 21st there was a fall of eighteen inches 
of snow, and the snow was five to six feet deep in the 
woods. Between that and March 3d another, and the 
roads were completely blocked. 

This month the vote for President and Vice-President 
of the United States was proclaimed. For President 
Andrew Jackson had 178, John Qiiincy Adams 83; John 
C. Calhoun had 171, Richard Rush 83, William Smith 
7, for Vice-President. Maine cast one vote for Jackson 
and eight for Adams. The rest of New England went 
solid for Adams. The Slave States went solid for Jack- 
son, with the exception of Delaware and Maryland. 
Delaware went for Adams. Maryland five for Jackson 
and six for Adams. Georgia threw seven of its nine 
votes for Smith for Vice President. 

On March 2 a chapel of the Theological Seminary 
which stood at the corner of Hammond and P'ifth streets 
(west side), was destroyed by fire. 



m 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



647 



The town was agitated upon the subject of a tojvn 
clock. An article was inserted in the warrant for the 
town meeting to see if the town would purchase one. 
The purchase was opposed for the reasons that the town 
was in debt — had recently incurred heavy expenses, and 
must continue to be at great expense for other more 
necessary pur])Oses; that the benefits would be partial; 
that it could not be located so as to give satisfaction to 
the citizens. 

On March 5 a meeting of such of the '"inhabitants 
as believed in the final happiness of all men " was held 
in "Crane's Hall." This hall was in the attic of a two- 
story frame building that stood on the west side of Mer- 
cantile Square. 

The death of Mrs. Eleanor Madison, widow of Presi- 
dent Madison, at the age of ninety-three, at Montpelier, 
Virginia, on February 11, was announced. 

On March 4 the friends of General Jackson caused 
all the bells in town to be rung until about one o'clock. 
His cabinet had been announced : Martin Van Buren, 
New York, Secretary of State; Samuel 1). Ingham, Penn- 
sylvania, Treasury; John McLean, Ohio, Postmaster 
Geneial; John H. F>aton, Tennessee, War; John Branch, 
North Carolina, Navy; John M. Berein, Georgia, At- 
torney-General. 

The Congregational meeting-house near the ferry, in 
Brewer, was dedicated March 12. 

At the annual town meeting on the 9th of March, 
Alexander Sawyer was elected Town Clerk; Amos Patten, 
James Tilton, William Rice, Selectmen; George Starrett, 
Treasurer and Collector. 

The Fire Wardens elected Daniel Pike Chief En- 
gineer; Eben French, Assistant; Colonel Zeb. Rogers, 
Warden of Engine No. 1 ("Old Settler"); General 
John Williams, of Washington Engine; Edmund Dole, 
of Hooks and Ladders, west side; John Ham, of same, 
east side; Edmund Sargent, for removal of merchandise 
and furniture. 

This month a large majority of the membeis of the 
Legislature nominated Hon. Jonathan G. Huntoon, of 
Readneld, as candidate for Governor. He accepted the 
nomination in a letter signed "J. G. Huntoon." .^t this 
time his name was written Huntoon. He was afterward 
elected Governor as "Jonathan G. Himton." I 

President Jackson appointed John McLean Judge of 1 
the United States Supreme Court, and William T. Barry, 
of Kentucky, Postmaster-General in his ])lace 

The hemlock gaol was partially burnt on the 26th. 
Females formed a line and passed water in buckets to 
extinguish the fire, while many of the lazy men wrapped 
in their cloaks were looking on like Spanish hidalgos. 

An apjjropriation of $42,932 was made last year for 
completing the Military Road from Mattawamkeag to 
Mars Hill; $5,000 for a light-house on Mount Desert 
Rock; and $300 for surveying the shi|) channel of 
Penobscot River from White Head to Bangor, and ascer- 
taining the cost of improving the navigation and proper 
sites for spindles and buoys. 

Deacon William Boyd died on the 24th of March, 
aged eighty-four. He was born in Worcester, Massachu- 



setts, in 1745. At the age of twenty-four he settled in 
Bristol, NLaine, where he resided about twenty years. He 
then removed to Bangor. This was about 1789. He 
was a religious man, and is said to have been the only 
church member in the place for nine or ten years. He 
led an exemplary life. He was a ship-carpenter, and 
built the first vessel in Bangor, and probably the first 
above Fort Point. This was for Major Robert Treat. He 
was ap])ointed Deacon of the Congregational church or- 
ganized in Bangor and Orrington in 1800, over which 
Rev. Mr. Boyd was settled. When Rev. .Mr. Loomis 
was settled, in 181 1, he was continued a Deacon, and re- 
mained such until his death. He died sitting in his 
chair. 

Joseph Leavitt, Esq., died on March 6, at the age of 
sixty-two. He was born in Stratham, New Hampshire. 
Before his majority he went several voyages to sea. After 
attending Exeter .Academy one year, he taught school 
seven years. He then went into trade in Lee, New 
Hampshire, where he remained fourteen years. In 1810 
he removed to Bangor with his accumulations, which 
were considerable. He was quite enterprising ; built ves- 
sels, carried on trade in various kinds of merchandise, 
bought and sold lands, was engaged in banking as a Di- 
rector of the Bangor Bank, built a brick block a little 
way up \\'ashington street on the right — the block since 
converted into a store-house and offices by the European 
& North American Railway, and in the hall of which 
the Young Ladies' Academy was first kept. He was 
Town Clerk, Selectman, and member of the first conven- 
tion on the separation of the State in 1S16, at Brunswick. 
He lost much in the war, and at his death his worldly 
possessions were small. 

The town was authorized by the Legislature this year 
to regulate the harbor. 

Moses Greenleaf published his ALap and Statistical 
Survey of Maine. 

At its April session the Court of Sessions considered 
the subject of building a new gaol of rough granite. 

The ice left the river on .^pril 15, vessels arrived, and 
the spring business opened favorably. 

A horse ferry-boat was built by ^L^ster George Sav- 
age for G. W. Brimmer, of Boston, and John C. Dextei, 
and put upon the route between Bangor and Brewer. 

Bangor dealers were obliged to sell their shingles in 
Boston at this time at $1 and $1.25 per thousand. 

General Mark Trafton was ajipointed postmaster, in 
place of Major Royal Clark, removed. 

Mr. C. M. Rogers became landlord of the Penobscot 
Exchange, in place of Jacob Chick, removed. 

A portion of the Democrats having in view the 
strengthening of their party, made a movement for a 
partisan celebration of the Fourth of July. This aw.ik- 
ened the patriotic indignation of such sturdy Republic- 
ans as John Wilkins, Jacob McGaw, Benjamin Nourse, 
John Williams, Edward Kent, P. B. Mills, Samuel Low- 
der, and others, and they organized with much enthusi- 
asm to have a citizens' no-party celebration, 'i'hey de- 
sired to know if the managers supposed "that our 
citizens were so tame, so s])iritless, so yielding, so slavish 



648 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



as to submit in silence to such imposition — to be hood- 
winked, and hooked on as the mere tail of the Jackson 
kite?" 

The party feeling at this time was bitter. A Jackson 
caucus at Kennebunk instructed its delegates to an Au- 
gusta convention to " ascertain if any individual by the 
name of Jonathan G. Hunton is known to reside within 
the limits of the State ! " Another caucus in Elliott in- 
structed their delegates "to inquire who this Jonathan 
G. Hunton is." 

The convention to which these delegates were sent 
nominated Judge Samuel E. Smith, of the Court of 
Common Pleas, as the Jackson candidate for Governor. 

There were women at this tirne who had the courage 
to lift up their voices in public. Miss Clarke advertised 
to give a course of ten historical lectures in the brick 
school-house on State street. The lectures were well 
attended and Miss Clarke received many encomiums. 

A caribou (reindeer) was exhibited at Hutchins's inn. 

1829. This year Ruel Williams, George Evans, Timothy 
Boutelle, and others, were competitors for the office 
of Representative to Congress in the Kennebec district, 
and Joshua W. Hathaway, John G. Deane, Leonard 
Jarvis, Samuel Upton, and Jeremiah O'Brien, and 
others, in the Hancock district. There were 4-525 votes 
thrown in the former district and 4,520 in the latter, at 
the first balloting, when there was no choice. 

The stimulus given the citizens by the announcement 
of a partisan celebration by the " Jacksonites " was the 
occasion of an unusual celebration of the anniversary of 
Independence this year. " Edward Kent, Esquire," de- 
livered the oration at the First Parish meeting-house ; 
the prayer was made by Rev. John Smith, D. D., Profes- 
sor of the Theological Seminary ; " Rev. George E. 
Adams " read the Declaration of Independence, prefac- 
ing it, " in a very pertinent and happy manner, by a few 
eloquent remarks." The audience was "very numerous, 
respectable, and intelligent ; " the oration was pro- 
nounced "a chaste and eloquent production," and was 
listened to "with gratified attention." It breathed the 
sentiments of enlightened patriotism, unsullied by the 
bitterness of party spirit, and was worthy of the day. 

Mr. B. B. Thatcher prepared the following hymn for 
the occasion, which was "sung with fine eiTect " by the 
choir : 

Oh ! not alone is sacred soil, 

Where temples have been built to God, 

And odors burned o'er fires divine. 
And blood of victims stained the sod. 

But holy is the air we breathe, 

And holy is the ground we tread ; 
For liere, upon a thousand hills. 

Our fathers' life-blood hath been shed. 

On Freedom's proud, high battle-ground, 

For all we are and hope and have. 
They fought — and fell — and the world saw ! 

Tlieir memories shall find no grave ; 

But ages hence, o'er the wide earth, 

Unnumbered millions of the free 
Shall wake, this day, their deathless fame. 

With praise and prayer, O God ! to Thee. 



Thy breath was flame upon their souls, 
■When the starr'd banner wav'd them on ! 

Grant us to feel the breath they felt. 
That we may prize the wealth they won. 

After the services the procession re-formed, and es- 
corted by a company of volunteer citizens under Captain 
Philip H. Coombs, with Major William E. Robinson and 
Mr. Cyrus Arnold as marshals, marched to the Penobscot 
Exchange and partook of a rare dinner provided by C. 
M. Rogers. 

Jacob McGaw, Esq., presided at the feast. Sentiments 
were given by the President, Enoch Brown, John Wilkins, 
James Crosby, Eben French, Georpe B. Moody, Samuel 
Butman, Edward Kent, Samuel Call, Samuel Lowder, 
and John C. Dexter, Esquires, all prominent citizens of 
Bangor and neighborhood; by Edward Wilkins and 
Benjamin Butman, soldiers of the Revolution ; by Gen- 
eral Joseph Treat, General John Blake, and Major W. E. 
Robinson ; by Hon. Emery L. Emerson, Senator from 
York county, Hon. George W. Coffin, Land Agent of 
Massachusetts, and by Benjamin Bussey, Esq., of Boston. 
The only things pointed were in the sentiments of Mr. 
Call and Mr. Lowder. The former gave a fling at 
"modern reformation," meaning Jackson politics, and 
the latter a kick at the exclusives who celebrated the day 
in the interest of Jacksonism, his sentiment being: "The 
memory of our departed friends on the west side of the 
Kenduskeag." 

On this day a meeting of gentlemen from dififerent 
parts of the county was held in the Court-house to make 
preparations for the formation of a county temperance 
society. Judge Moses Greenleaf, of Williamsburg, pre- 
sided, and Hon. R. K. Gushing, of Brewer, was Secre- 
tary. John Wilkins, Hiram Nourse, Edward Kent, 
George E. Adams, and Dr. Gushing were appointed a 
committee to draft a plan of organization. 

The "Jacksonites" celebrated the day in a manner 
satisfactory to themselves, having music from Piscata- 
quis. Their opponents were so well satisfied with hav- 
ing " taken the wind out of their sails " by the citizens' 
celebration, that they concluded to make no comments 
unfavorable to their exclusive neighbors. 

The Brewer Light Infantry, "after six years of turmoil 
and division" under Captain Abraham Hill, reconciled 
their differences by the election of Robert Clary Captain 
and Thomas Gregg Lieutenant. 

The County Temperance Society was organized on the 
9th, and Hon. Judge Perham was elected President. 

Colonel Joshua Carpenter was appointed Collector of 
the Port of Castine. He was a clamorous supporter of 
General Jackson — not scrupulous in regard to the lan- 
guage he used in conversation, and well disposed to "mag- 
nify his office." The Register considered his appoint- 
ment " a subject too serious for raillery." 

James Lander & Company had a weekly accommoda- 
tion conveyance by stage and batteau to Houlton. It left 
Bangor on Tuesday morning and arrived at Houlton on 
Saturday. It left Houlton on Tuesday and arrived in 
Bangor on Friday. 

Tlt,p. subject of temperance was at this time so prom- 
inent' ,efore the community, that the keeping of spirit- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



649 



uous liquors for sale was becoming unpopular, and Mr. 
Albert G. Chick, whose education had been in the other 
directiovr, advertised that he had opened an establish- 
ment where he intended to keep "refreshments of every 
kind, with the e,\ception of spirituous liquors, which, by 
the way, are no refreshment, and will not be kept either 
the counter or under the counter." 

The interest in the Gubernatorial election became in- 
tense in .August. The friends of the new administration 
scraped up everything they could find against Mr. 
Hiinton. His personal enemies presented their side of 
the case against him. For so good-natured a man he 
was very much badgered, and his political friends had i 
about as much as they could do to deny and explain the 
matters charged against him. It cannot be denied that 
the Eastern Republican, under Nathaniel Haynes, was 
bitter and relentless, and that much partisan hate was 
engendered by it that ought to have been avoided. The 
course of the administration press in the State, however, 
was exceedingly effective, and the agrarian element at 
length came uppermost under its influence. Their op- 
ponents made the best fight they could, but their weapons 
were not of a character to turn aside those of their ad- 
versaries. 

.On the I 2th of August the "National Republicans" of 
Penobscot held a convention at Bangor, and re-nomina- 
ted Solomon Parsons for Senator. They passed resolu- 
tions condemning the proscriptive course of the Admin- 
istration in removing "honest and faithful public ser- 
vants" to reward "party zealots," and adopted an address 
to the Electors, three columns in length, reported by 
George B. Moody, Esq., in which the politics of the 
country were reviewed from beginning to end, the cor- 
ruption and bad faith of Jackson and his "Republican" 
party denounced, and the virtue and purity of the "Na- 
tional Republican" party asserted. 

It was claimed for Mr. Parsons, by the Register, that 
he had served the people "faithfully and honestly, and 
with credit to himself, for two years;" that he had 
"grown upon the esteem" of the people, and that "those 
who had been acquainted with him as a legislator con- 
curred in the opinion that he stood high at the Senate 
board for intelligence, capacity for business, industry, 
honesty, and independence." 

Thomas Davee was nominated by the Republicans as 
their candidate for Senator. The Boston Statesman, 
leading Rejiublican paper of New England, was pleased 
to designate his supporter, the Eastern Republican, "an 
able cham[)ion of the Democratic cause in the 'land of 
Egypt.'' 

During all this crimination and recrimination among 
the politicians, the disciples of Thalia offered their servi- 
ces to the amusement-loving public, and opened at Old- 
town, on .August 19, a series of dramatic entertain- 
ments, which continued three evenings. Messrs. Belcour, 
Crouta, and Holden were so successful that they after- 
wards came to Bangor and erected a theater of rough 
boards upon the site now occupied by the Bangor 
House. Upon this spot the Great Bashaw became fa- 
mous, and Mr. Crouta won enduring laurels by singing 
83 



the songs of "The King and Countrymen," "Sitting pn 
a Rail;" "Down in Fly Market," etc. Theater-going 
people laughed, religious people frowned, and the poor 
actors left town quite as poor as they came. Whether 
the acerbity of politics was modified by those perform- 
ances is uncertain. But it is certain that many a Bangor 
boy had his first introduction to the theater at this time. 

The Hunton men were indignant because the Jackson 
papers spelled their candidate's name Huntoon, after it 
was determined that the right orthography was Hunton. 
But the Jackson papers did not care. 

On .\ugust 29 Charles 'I'homas, .Assistant Quartermas- 
ter United .States .\rmy,' advertised (or proposals to build 
the Military Road from Mattawamkeag to Houlton. 

On the 3d of September the Unitarian church was 
dedicated. The sermon was preached by Rev. Benjamin 
Huntoon, then of Carlton, Massachusetts. The house 
was a brick structure and stood upon the site of the 
present meeting-house, but fronting on Main street. It 
had a plain, unpretentious tower on the roof, painted 
white, and a cupola. In the tower was a town clock. 

The gubernatorial election took place on September 
14. Mr. Hunton received 196 votes in Bangor, Samuel 
E. Smith, 187; Solomon Parsons received 201 votes for 
Senator, Thomas Davee, 164; Edward Kent received 
196 votes for Representative to the Legislature; Amos 
Patten, 161; scattering, 19. 

Thomas A. Hill, .Amos Patten, and John Godfrey, a 
committee appointed by the Court of Sessions, advertised 
for pro]3osals to build a stone jail, on September 9. 

Maine this year showed a strong inclinalion to support 
the Administration. Mr. Hunton was elected Governor, 
It is true, but his majority was small. Mr. Davee was 
elected Senator over Mr. Parsons in the Penobscot district, 
and there was no choice of Representative in the Bangor 
class at the first balloting, Mr. Kent having 298 votes, 
Mr. Patten 224, all others 80. At the second trial Mr. 
Kent received 488 votes to 304 for N. Nason, and 25 
scattering. This was his second election to the Legisla- 
ture. 

The National Republicans were chagrined at the great 
progress of the Democratic Republicans, but they put 
on the best face they could, and said "on the whole, 
taking into view all the circumstances that belong to the 
occasion, the National Republicans have every reason to 
be well satisfied with the event of the election. 

A meteor of great brilliancy passed from the southeast 
to the northwest on the evening of Sei)tember 17. It 
illuminated the whole atmosjihere for several seconds 
with a dazzling light. When in its most brilliant state it 
exploded, and in about two minutes afterward eight or 
ten successive reports, as of the rapid discharges of artil- 
lery, were heard. 

The first Methodist meeting-house in Bangor was 
completed. It was situated at the intersection of Union 
and Independent streets, and fronted upon the Kendus- 
keag Stream. 

Rev. George E. Adams, Professor in the Theological 
Seminary in Bangor, was invited to become the pastor of 
the First Congregational society in Brunswick. 



650 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



f 



On tlie 8th October Enoch Lincoln, Governor of 
Maine, died at the age of forty. He was a brother of 
Levi Lincohi, Governor of Massachusetts. He was 
unmarried. 

On October 14 tlie LTniversaHst meeting-house m Dex- 
ter was dedicated. 

George Evans was elected to Congress from the Ken- 
nebec district. 

The Congregational meeting-house in Holden was 
dedicated November 18. 

Madam .^nne Royal, the woman who annoyed our 
citizens by her impertinencies some time ago, received 
an introduction by Mr. Edward Everett to President 
Adams, that she probably did not forget. Mr. Everett 
was standing near the easterly end of the Long Bridge in 
Washington, when he was accosted by Mrs. Royal with a 
request to introduce her to the President. He said, 
"would you like to see him now?" On her replying 
that she would, he took her to the side of the bridge 
and directed her attention to him bathing in the Poto- 
mac ! 

In the autumn an institution similar to others in dif- 
ferent parts of the country — a lyceum — was organized 
in Bangor, in which citizens could be profited by lectures, 
debates, etc. It was a popular society for the "diffusion 
of useful knowledge." The opening address was deliv- 
ered on the evening of November 17 by Professor George 
E. Adams, at the Court-house. 

Dr. Dickinson was disturbed by the larceny of his 
saddle-bags, containing medicine and surgical instru- 
ments, from his horse, which he had left ten or fifteen 
minutes before, at about eight o'clock in the evening, 
"tied at a door in one of our most public streets near 
the Exchange." It was considered a very singular rob- 
bery. 

Mr. Jesse .Smith, a Revolutionary soldier, died at the 
age of seventy, on November 22. He had been long a 
resident in Bangor, and was the father of Colonel James 
Smith. 

The year 1S29 closed with Bangor in an apparently 
prosperous condition. The Lyceum and Literary Club 
were well patronized, and the people through them man- 
ifested their interest in literary pursuits. 

The town was occasionally visited by fires, and the 
citizens were stimulated to procure the appliances nec- 
essary for extinguishing them and saving property en- 
dangered by them. "A hook and ladder" movement 
was inaugurated. 

On the 29th the Fire Club had its annual meeting and 
supper, and congratulated each other that things were 
"no worse." 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

Register on John G. Whittier — Business Men — A Fire — "Long-Nine 
Association" —Sale of Pews in Llnitavian Meeling-liouse— Bad Man- 
ners — "Eastern Pioneer" Newspaper — Soap Factory — Lottery Draw- 
ing — Strictures on Mr. Kent's Action in Regard to Argyle— First 
Parish Meeting-house Burnt—Lieutenant-Governor Hunton's Appoint- 
ments — President ]acl;son's Appointments— Military Road — Price of 
Beef — Number of Lawyers — .Samuel P. Button Elected Captain of 
.Artillery — Rev. Mr. Huntoon Installed — Counsellors and .Attorneys 
Admitted to the Supreme Court — Fourth of July — Murray & Wing 
at Bucksporl — Colonel Carpenter— Canvass Excitement — Lieutenant 
Gallagher — Church and State — Prognostication — Disclaimers — Bible 
— Census— Politics — Parks and Gallagher — Candidates — Kent and 
Parks — Theological Seminary Graduates — Smith Elected Governor 
— Parks Representative to Legislature — Lower Mills on the Ken- 
duskeag Burnt — Diess Reform — Lyceum — Mud — Census of Mada- 
waska — Mechanic -Association— Forensic Club — Fire Club — Death 
of Zadock French. 

1830. The Register of January 5 contained the fol- 
lowing: 

John G. Whittier, late Editor of the Mainifacturer, and a poet of 
much promise, has assumed the editorial charge of the Esse.i Gazette. 
Mr. Whittier, who is quite a young man, has risen from a very humble 
situation by the force of his own industry and genius, and bids fair to 
he an oinnment to the literary world. 

Mr. \V'hittier afterward applied for the editorship of 
the Bangor Gazette. 

At the commencement of this year Samuel B. Morrill, 
Thomas Furber, Joseph C. Stevens & Learned, Horatio P. 
Blood c& Wells, Benjamin Nourse, Philip H. Coombs, 
Levi Cram, W. H.Thompson, Ivory Jeffeids & Smith, 
Thomas A. White, Mark L. Hill, Jr., Page & Baker, 
Noah Fogg & Rines, William E. Robinson, S. & J. True, 
R. Haskins & Co., George VV. Pickering, Jesse Fogg, 
Stephen Kimball, Asa Sawyer, John Fiske, David Hill, 
George Palmer & John Sargent, Jr., James Crosby, 
George A. Thatcher & Charles Hammond, Caleb C. 
Billings, Gardner Brooks, George W. Brown, Rufus 
Prince, Horatio Beale, John R. Greenough, were conspic- 
uous in various kinds of mercantile and mechanical 
business. Thomas C. Chick (son of Jacob) succeeded 
Ezra Hutchins in the Hatch House ; and John W. Snow 
and Nehemiah O. Pilsbury were rivals in the sale of 
lottery tickets. Amos M. Quimby, late Preceptor of the 
Academy, lectured upon chemistry before the Bangor 
Lyceum. 

On January 9 — a windy day, with the mercury below 
zero — a two-story frame building on the northeasterly side 
of Kenduskeag Bridge, near the intersection of State 
and Harlow streets, was destroyed by fire. The building 
was owned by Nathaniel Harlow, Jr., and was an awk- 
ward old landmark, with a hip roof. 

Ezra Hutchins, President, and Albert P. Jewett, 
Secretary, gave notice that a meeting of the Long-Nine 
Association wouldbe heldat the President's East Room on 
the evening of the nth. 

Jonathan G. Hunton was elected Governor by a ma- 
jority of 315 over Samuel E. Smith. He received 23,315 
votes; Mr. Smith, 22,991, and there were 262 scattering. 

The pews in the Unitarian meeting-house were sold 
on January 30, and brought the sum of $14,615 — $1,575 
more than the cost of the house. 

Mr. "Somebody" was disgusted with the manners of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



651 



a person who put on his hat directly on leaving his pew 
in church, and the Register thought there could "be no 
greater evidence of ill-breeding." 

A newspaper called the Eastern Pioneer made its ap- 
pearance from a press \n Oldtown on March 13. Its ap- 
pearance was creditable. It preferred to be in the inter- 
ests of no party. 

A soap factory — one of the first of Bangor factories — 
was in full operation this spring, under James Wagg and 
Rufus Prince. 

A newspaper called the Bluehill Beacon and Hancock 
County Journal came up from Bluehill tliis month with a 
Jackson smirk on its face. 

On the 27th the Maine State Lottery, for the benefit 
of" steam navigation, was drawn at the Court-house, and 
John Wllkins, Samuel Lowder, Jr., and Samuel Call cer- 
tified that numbers 30, 3, 11, 2T, 8, and 16 were drawn. 

Some strictures were made by the Jacksonians on the 
action of Mr. Kent in the Legislature upon the question 
of incorporating the town of Argyle. He opposed 
tlie incorporation, for the reason that the town was prin- 
cipally owned by Waterville College, whose lands were 
exempt from ta.vation; that there were but two freehold- 
ers in the township; that but thirty persons petitioned 
for the incorporation, while forty remonstrated against it 
on the ground that the taxes to which they would be sub- 
jected would ruin them. 

The principal cause of complaint against Mr. Kent, 
however, was because he resisted the annexation of the 
township to the Bangor Representative District. Such 
annexation might have changed the ])olitical character 
of the distiict. It was natural that Mr. Kent should 
oppose this, if he could find legitimate reasons for so 
doing. His reasons were, first, that it would enlarge a 
district that was already probably the largest in the State, 
and second, that it could not be annexed constitutionally, 
as the Conbtitutioii proliibited the established representa- 
tion being altered until the next general apportionment. 
The Supreme Court afterward expressed the same opin- 
ion.* 

On April 6 the First Parish meetmg house, including 
organ and the fine-toned bell presented to the society, 
was destroyed by fire, supposed to have been the work 
of an incendiary. The Selectmen offered a reward of $500 
tor his detection. The house had been built about nine 
years. The loss was about $9,000; $300 insurance. 
The First Baptist society tendered the use of its house 
one-half the day on Sunday to the First Parish society. 
The offer was gratefully accepted. 

Governor Hunton appointed Samuel G. Ladd, of Hal- 
lowell. Adjutant General, in place of Samuel Cony. Al- 
bert Smith was appointed by President Jackson Marshal 
of Maine, and Leonard Jarvis was appointed Collector 
of Customs of Passaniaquoddy District, in place of Stephen 
Thacher, removed. This latter appointment simijlified 
the canvass for Representative to Congress in Washing- 
ton District by reducing the number of candidates by 
one. 

The Military Road to Houlton received an impetus 

* See Maine Reports, vol. 33, pages 587-8. 



from the appropriation of $47,000 by Congress for its 
construction. 

A meeting was called by George W. Pickering, Benja- 
min Nourse, and John C. Dexter, to be holden May 4, 
for the purpose of forming an Athenaeum and Reading- 
room, such as would "meet the wishes of the literary^ 
and mercantile inhabitants of Bangor. 

Beef was selling at reasonable rates at this time. 
When there was an unusually large and fine animal 
slaughtered an extra price was obtained for choice cuts. 
George Wellington, market man, slaughtered an ox that 
weighed 2,240 pounds alive, 1,601 dressed. The beef was 
superior to any that had been sold in this market. Choice 
pieces sold for one shilling per pound; whole ox for 
$176.41 — about nine cents a pound. 

This year there were sixteen lawyers in Bangor, twenty- 
six in Poitland, and 313 in the State. 

Charles Thomas, Assistant Quartermaster United 
States armv, issued proposals for making the United 
States Military Road from ^L1ttawamkeag to Houlton, in 
May. 

Charles Gilman, of Bangor, Enoch E. Brown, of 
Hampden, and Jeremiah Russell, of Hopkinton, New 
Hampshire, were admitted as attorneys at the Court of 
Common Pleas. 

Samuel F. Dutton was elected captain of the Bangor 
.-\rtillery. 

On June 23 Rev. Benjamin Huntoon was installed 
over the Unitarian Society; Dr. Nichols, of Portland, 
preached the sermon; Rev. Mr. Mason, of Castine, made 
the installation prayer, and Rev. Mr. Frothingham, of 
Belfast, gave the charge. 

This month George B. Moody, Nathaniel Hatch, Jon- 
athan P. Rogers, Charles Stetson, and William Goodman, 
were admitted as counsellors in the Supreme Court, and 
Samuel Ciarnsey and Jonas Cutting, as attorneys. 

'I'he anniversary of National Independence was cele 
braled on July 5 by the Democratic Republicans. The 
committee were Isaac Hodsdon, Thomas A. Hill, John 
Williams, David Hill, Levi Bradley, Samuel Lowder, Jr., 
Asa Sawyer, and Albert G. Jewett. The orator was Gor- 
ham Parks. The Register reported the celebration as a 
failure, of course, and designated the oration "a lengthy 
production." The Register, describing the celebration 
in Foxcraft, says the oration was by John Appleton, Esq., 
of Sebec, and " was characterized by a sound and dis- 
criminating exposition of the origin, character, and excel- 
lency of our Government, and of the means which could 
not fail to give it perpetuity. It was Iree from the bitter- 
ness of party," etc. The Register said that the Jackson 
politicians undertook to give the impression that the cel- 
ebration was a party affair, but did not succeed in their 
" slanderous imputation." 

July 13, Muzzy & Wing — Franklin .Muzzy and Aaron 
.-\. Wing — at Bucksport, advertised machinery of all 
kinds and of the best quality ; cast-iron reacting water- 
wheels ; iron and wood turning " done with neatness and 
despatch. No mistake." 

A notice of a celebration of the Fourth of July was 
given from the pulpits, and the Eastern Republican and 



652 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



some of its supporters made it tlie basis of a prognosti- 
cation of a contemplated union of Cliurch and State. 

Tlie " oppo.iition party " were somewliat moved on get- 
ting into their possession a document of wliicli the fol- 
lowing is a copy : — 

• Col Carpenter is requested to procure the removal of Lt. Gallagher; 
is requested to see Lt. Charles Thomas, who has a brother who keeps 
a book-store in Philadelphia, in Chestnut or Market street. 

New Post-office in North Dixmont. F. Butman at the corner to be 
removed after election. 

County Committee: Gorham Parks, VV'm. Emerson, Mark Trafton, 
Isaac Hodsdon. E. H. Allen. 

Remove Hodsdon, Levant — Clark, Atkinson, Hill, Wiles. 

Colonel Carpenter, it was alleged, took the document 
to Washington. 

Lieutenant Gallagher was a religious man and supposed 
by the Jacksonians not to be friendly to the Administra- 
tion; therefore he was not in favor with them. Colonel 
Parks did not hesitate to express his antipathy to him. 

Mr. Emerson denied that he signed the Colonel Car- 
penter memorandum. Lit-utenant Thomas disclaimed 
any knowledge of it, and the publication of it appears to 
have causid some unpleasant feeling among the gentle- 
men whose names were alluded to in it. Much capital 
was made of this paper by tiie opposition. 

At a meeting held in B.ingor on July 22d it was stated 
that more than one thousand families in the county had 
been found d.-stitute of the Bible and supplied. 

The census of the town was taken this year by William 
Randall, and the number of inhabitants found to be 
2,864, showing an increase in ten years of 1,643. 

The annual, |)oliiical canvass was particularly exciting. 
The Democrats noininated Judge Samuel E. Smith for 
Governor, and their opponents Jonathan G. Hunton, 
the incumbent. The Eastern Republican was particular- 
ly sharp on Mr. Hunton, while the Register was earnest 
in his support. Colonel Parks, in the columns of the 
former, denounced Lieutenant Gallagher because in a 
debate in the Lyceum he expressed an opinion in favor 
of the Indians, and " Castigator " in the Register was 
quite as severe upon Parks. 

The candidates this year were, besides .Hunton and 
Smith for Governor, John Wilkins and Thomas Davee, 
for Senator; Edward Kent and Gorham Parks, for Rep- 
resentative to the Legislature; Charles Rice, County 
Treasurer; Ebenezer S. Phelps and James Bates, of 
Somerset, for Representative to Congress. The vote of 
Bangor for Mr. Hunton was 321; for Judge Smith, 267; 
for Mr. Kent, 326; for Colonel Parks, 260. 

The contest between the candidates for the Legislature 
was hard fought. Mr. Kent was popular beyond the 
limits of his party. He was a man of practical common 
sense, genial, and interested himself in the affairs of the 
town. He was a good, sensible speaker, though not 
eloquent. Colonel Parks was a more ready, fluent 
speaker, affable, with some show of attainments, but 
superficial. He interested himself more in politics than 
in his profession of the law, and took no unusual in- 
terest in the affairs of the town or of the people. He 
offended the religious people by his attack on Lieutenant 
Gallagher, and as he belonged to a party that was not 



known for its excessive regard for religion, he cared little 
for that. Mr. Kent was a Unitarian, but he respected 
the opinions of all denominations, knowing that they 
were founded in sincerity. Colonel Parks was not under- 
stood to have respect for any religious opinions. 

The anniversary exercises of the Theological Sem- 
inary took place on September 8. Rev. John Crosby, 
a grandson of Simeon Crosby, one of the first inhabit- 
ants of Bangor, and born here, then a clergyman at 
Castine, delivered an address before one of the societies. 
The graduates this year were: Robert Crossett, of Ben- 
nington, Vermont; Elliot Palmer, Jr., of Vernon, Con- 
necticut; Henry Richardson, of Hadley, Massachusetts; 
Joseph B. Stevens, of Brookfield, Connecticut. The 
chief criticistn on the performances was that there was 
"too much of what is called a ministerial tone in the 
voice of the speakers." 

Full returns showed the election of Judge Samuel E. 
Smith, Governor, and Gorham Parks, Representative for 
the Bangor District. The opposition, as usual, tried to 
cover up their mortification by saying that J.udge Smith 
was elected by less than one thousand majority "out of 
more than fifty-five thousand," and that Colonel Parks 
was not the Representative of Bangor at all, but of the 
towns classed with it, viz: Orono, Dutton, and Sunk- 
haze. Dr. Bates (Administration) was elected to Con- 
gress for Somerset and Penobscot. 

On the loih the saw- and flour-mills at the lower dam 
on the Kenduskeag were destroyed by fire. The fire, it 
was supposed, originated from the friction of the spindle 
in the flour-mill. The mills were the property of Cap- 
tain John Pearson. 

This year the female scholars in the town of Atkinson 
started a project for reforming the fashions of the sex in 
such a manner that there should be no more consump- 
tion or death in that portion of the human family. They 
formed a society and adopted a constitution, of which 
this is 

.Article 4. Every person subscribing, pledges herself to refrain entirely 
from wearing Busks, Boards, Stays, Cushings, Pillars (j/r), Bolsters, or 
any kind of furnishen or rigging about the body, which is likely to cause 
consumption or endanger life. 

The penalty for violating this article was expulsion 
from the society. An adult thought such societies ought 
to be formed in other places. It does not appear that 
the plan was followed by the sex, or what became of the 
Atkinson society. 

The citizens' watch continued to be an institution in 
Bangor. 

The Lyceum, in which the subject of the removal of 
the Indians had been discussed until the people became 
surfeited and staid away from its meetings, was resusci- 
tated in the autumn, and Mr. Abel M- Quimby put some 
electricity into it by his lectures on chemistry. 

Much interest was manifested this year in the improve- 
ment of the coinmon schools in Bangor and in other 
parts of the State. 

The condition of the streets in muddy times, and of 
Kenduskeag Bridge, was the cause of much complaint. 
In a dark night a trip from the post-office (which was in 



i 




^i^-i^ed- c?\ '^etzi. 



{^^^yied- c?^. \/u €■t^-z^€^:::^ 



I 



I 



• 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



653 



Merchants' Row, on the easterly side of Main street) to 
the east side of tlic stream, was attended witli nuuh dan- 
ger. The mud between Mason's Corner and the bridge 
was frequently over the shoes. The bridge was not 
lighted, and the plank walks were sideling and much out 
of repair. It was suggested that a lantern at each corner 
of the bridge on dark evenings would be of service. 

General Webber succeeded in obtaining the census of 
Madawaska without interruption from the Provincials. 
The males were 1,314; females, 1,174 — 2,488. The 
people were French Acadians, and "generally in favor of 
remaining citizens of the United States." It was pre- 
dicted that they were " but the pioneers of a mighty army 
of emigrants who will ere long be seen to spread them- 
selves over the valleys of the St. John and Penobscot." 

The Mechanic Association, at its annual meeting in 
December, elected John Williams President ; Henry 
Call Vice-President; John S. Carter Secretary; Preserved 
B. Mills Treasurer; John S. Sayward Librarian; Ka- 
than B. Wiggin, Stephen Ciilnian, John Brown, Joseph 
Wing, and William Emerson, second. Trustees. 

John A. Poor, Secretary, gave notice of a meeting of 
the "Forensic Club " at the Court-house, on December 
2ist, to discuss the "propriety of the transporting the 
mails and opening the post-otfices on Sunday." 

The Bangor Fire Club held its annual meeting for a 
supper on the 28th December, at 5:30 o'clock, at Chick's 
hotel. Mr. A. Savage, the Secretary, reminded the 
members that, by their vote, it was the duty of each to 
furnish himself with two fire-buckets, a fire-bag four feet 
long by two wide, with a round bottom, and draw at the 
top with cords, and a bed-key, to be constantly kept to- 
gether at some convenient place, and that they should 
keep their buckets at their respective houses. 

There were at this time in the town four societies in 
operation for intellectual culture — the "Lyceum," the 
"Mechanic Association," the "Bangor Literary Club," 
and the "Forensic Club." 

Zadock French, an enterprising merchant from Billerira, 
Massachusetts, who built the Penobscot Exchange and 
owned other valuable estates in Bangor, died December 
31st, at the age of sixty-two. 



CHAPTl'.R XXIV. 

Remarkable Weather — New Interest in Schools and Education — Popu- 
lation of I'enobsoot County— Hardship— The I^egislature and Mr. 
Williamson's History of Maine — "Healing Plaster" — Death of 
Samuel E. Dutton — Northeastern Boundary Decision — Death of 
Edward Wilkins — Election of -Selectmen. Etc. — Great Freshet — Eoss 
of Bridges — New Channel in the Sowadabscook —State Valuation — 
I )cath of Professor Smith — Classification of Representative Districts 
"Hammer District" — Kendnskeag Bridge Rebuilt — Brick School- 
house at Veazie — Advardus Shaw, Innkeeper — Eourth of July Cele- 
bration by Captain Dutton's Artillery— Temperance— First Parish 
Meeting-house Rebuilt and Dedicated — Board of Education — Ban- 
gor Register Discontinued — Resignation of President Jackson's 
Cabinet — Penobscot Journal Established — Cheering Notice of Ban- 
gor — Valuation — Speculation as to Growth of Bangor — Independent 
Volunteers — United States Cutter "Morris" — State Election — Hemp 
— Indian Artist— Mechanic Association Festival— Wheat Growing — 
Trouble in Madawaska — Officers Imprisoned, Tried, and Convicted — 
Educational Association — Commercial Bank — Lieutenant Gallagher 
Tnmsferred — Supreme Judicial Court — Chiefjustice Mellen — Gover- 
nor and Council Take .Action About Madawaska Prisoners — Bangor 
Bridge — Liquor Selling Criticised — Proposals for Court-house — 
Proposals for Building Brick Block — Selectmen's Petition — Apples 
and Grapes — Anti-manufacturing Pledges. 

1 83 1. The year opened with remarkable weather. On 
the first day of January a farmer in the neighborhood 
ploughed his field. On the same day the schooner Suc- 
cess arrived in port and discharged her cargo of goods. 
The river had closed, but on the 26th of December it 
opened and continued open until after the 4th of Janu- 
ary. On the last week in December the mercury was 
56' above zero, and rain fell every other day. The 
freshet in the river was very high. 

A new interest was at this time awakened in regard to 
public schools. A meeting of gentlemen from different 
parts of the county was held in Bangor on January 4th 
and 5th. Rev. Mr. Ripley, of the First Baptist Society, 
delivered an address u|)on the subject of education. A 
county society was organized, with Oliver Crosby, of 
Atkinson, President; William D. Williamson of Bangor, 
Ephraim Goodale of Orringiou, Moses Greenleaf of 
Williamsburg, Vice-Presidents; Edward Kent, of Bangor, 
Recording Secretary; Daniel Pike, of Bangor, Corre- 
sponding Secretary; Benjamin Noiirse, of Bangor, Treas- 
urer; Seba French of Dexter, Elias Dudley of Hamjiden, 
Jonas Cutting of O'ono, Thoinas A. Hill and Royal 
Clark of Bangor, Councillors. 

The society was called the "Penobscot County Asso- 
ciation for Promoting Popular Education." 

Addresses were delivered by Cyril Pearl on the de- 
fects in common schools; by Abel M. Quimby on the 
monitorial system; by Joseph C. Lovejoy on school-houses, 
apparatus and discipline. Remarks were made by Amos 
Patten, Daniel Pike, and William D. 'Williamson, and 
the feeling was that "the subject was one of immense 
importance; that great defects existed, and that they 
could and must be removed by a vigorous and united 
effort." 

The Hampden Mutual Fire Insurance Company went 
into operation this year, under a notice of three of the 
corjjorators — Simeon Stetson, Enoch Brown, and Jede- 
diah Herrick. 

The population of Penobscot county by tlie census of 
1S30 was 31,530; Washington, Hancock, and Waldo 



6S4 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






were the only counties containing a smaller population. 
The population of Penobscot in 1820 was 13,870. The 
census of New England was 1,049,882; in 1820 it was 
1,659,854; increase 200,028. 

Although the country was constantly improving, yet 
there was much hardship among the settlers. The fol- 
lowing tale will show that the comforts of the city were 
not yet known to all. In the first of the winter Mr. Stin- 
son Potter removed his family into a camp on the east 
side of Pushaw Lake. About the first of January Mrs. 
Potter, being there with only her children, liad all the 
cares of the household upon her. One day her cow hav- 
ing strayed away she sent the children into the woods to 
search for her, and becoming alarmed by their long ab- 
sence, she went in pursuit of them. Her husband came 
home in the evening, and finding no one in the camp 
went in search of the family. He soon found the chil 
dreii, but not the wife. The ne.xt day her body was found 
a long distaiK e from the camp, dead. Her feet and 
ankles were much bruised and torn, and her clothes were 
nearly torn from her body. She had waded through 
water four teet deep to reach the place where her body 
was found. 

The ice in the Penobscot stopped permanently on the 
9th January. 

Hon. William U. Williamson made an attempt to get 
the Legislature to subscribe for three hundred and fifty 
copies of his History of Maine, at $4.50 per copy. The 
National Republicans meanly allowed political objections 
to the author to control their vote, and there were pe- 
cuniarily mean Democratic Republicans enough to assist 
them in sending his petition to the next Legislature. 

Party spirit ran so high that the Democrats this 
year insulted Mr. Hunton's administiation by passing an 
act rendering valid the acts of the last Legislature, and 
of the Governor and Council ! thereby rendering them- 
selves ridiculous. The act was called the '" Healing 
Plaster.'' It was reported by Ebenezer Knowlton and 
advocated by Gorham Parks ! 

Mr. Parks also advocated subscribing for Mr. William- 
son's History. The Portland Advertiser had the k)llow- 
ing comments : 

In the debate in the Legislature on the merits of this worlt it was 
remarked that before it went into press it would be revised and polished 
by a person well qualified for the task. It is now rumored that the 
person alluded to is no less than Williamson's son-in-law, the redoubt- 
able Haynes, "the gentlemen alike distinguished, etc. , etc." If it be 
so, Heaven save the work — he is as destitute of literary taste as he is of 
modesty — the veriest chowder-head that ever dug clams in Helicon. If 
such be the fact, and the Legislature patronize the work, they will be 
entitled to the credit of having caught the biggest humbug in Christen- 
dom. 

The History was revised by Mr. Haynes, and one edi- 
tion was published by the house of Glazier, Masters & 
Co., of Hallowell, in 1832. It contained many valuable 
facts. It is now nearly out of print and is much sought 
for. 

Citizens of Dover, Maine, established an "Anti-Liti- 
gation Society" this winter. Its object was to have all 
controversies between its members settled by referees. 
Temperance societies at this time were much in vogue. 
The Anti-Litigation Society is not now alive, but temper- 



ance societies are, owing to the frailty of human nature; 
and, what is not remarkable, the friends of temperance in- 
voke the aid of lawyers and courts in putting down in- 
temperance. 

The Hon. Samuel E. Dutton died on February i6, 
aged fifty-six. He had been the first President of the 
first bank in Bangor, and the first Judge of Probate of 
the county of Penobscot. 

The question of the Northeastern boundary had been' 
referred to the King of the Netherlands, and on the loth 
of July his decision was |)ut into the hands of Mr. Preble 
and Mr. Bagot, the American and English Commission- 
ers. 

Captain Edward Wilkins, who had been a soldier of 
the Revolution, died at Charleston, March 9, aged seven- 
ty-seven. 

On March 14 Daniel Pike, Royal Clark, and Henry 
Call were elected Selectmen, Assessors, etc.; Henry Call, 
Town Clerk; Fred Whitman, Treasurer. 

On the ist day of April there was a great freshet in the 
river. In consequence of a heavy fall of rain on March 
30, the ice was broken in the streams above Bangor, and 
came down the river with irresistible force. On the night 
of the 31st the prospects were alarming; the ice had 
jammed below the town, and the river began to rise, 
threatening to overflow the business part of the town. 
'I'he jam gave way, however, and the water subsided. 
But on Friday morning (April i) the Register says: 

.At 8 o'clock the alarm was again given that thejam of ice, etc., above 
the town had given way, and that tlie immense body was moving down. 
In a few moments the head of the advancing column was seen, and the 
whole village \v,is intently watching its movements. It came opposite 
the moutli of the Kenduskeag; acres of ice of great thickness were 
thrown in heaps upon the shore with tremendous force, whilst the great 
body moved on, crowding and jostling like a militia company on mus- 
ter-day. Suddenly the cry was raised that the mass had again jammed, 
as the water was rising rapidly. In less than five minutes the water 
rose ten or twelve feet above high-water mark, overflowing the wharves, 
lower streets, and the bridge. The water came in through the streets 
bearing shingles and clapboards on its bosom, and compelling the loiter- 
ing pedestrians to abandon the sidewalks for higher ground. It is well 
known that at this season of the year our wharves are covered with 
shingles and other lumber. It is estimated that at least one million of 
shingles, besides other lumber, were swept off the wharves and carried 
down the river and lost. The water, overflowing the bridge, carried 
off the whole railing on both sides, together with all the sidewalks and 
centre arch, leaving only the cariiage-way of earth; so that the old 
bridge now looks as demure, crestfallen, and smooth as an ancient 
maiden who has suddenly lost her cap and curls. (The town has been 
talking some time about rebuilding the bridge. ) The water began to 
subside again in about ten minutes, and went down as suddenly as it 
rose; and just as our classicals {for we have classicals on the Penobscot) 
were exclaiming; " Hhcu! jam satis," the jam broke, and the ice and 
water took up their march for the ocean. One vessel on the stocks was 
thrown down — one or two buildings of small value were swept away. 
Shortly after this alarm we were again startled by the information that 
the ice and logs on the Kenduskeag were moving down; and so it 
proved. They came over the dam at Pearson's mills (the lower mills), 
carrying the dam partly away and injuring the mills considerably. X 
large number of logs passed through the arch of the bridge, but a con- 
siderable number were stopped. It was thought tiiat this rush .would 
carry away the bridge, but it produced no effect on the remaining part 
of it. 

At Hampden the Sowadabscook cut for itself a new 
channel on the southerly side of the bridge, under- 
mining it, leaving the Crosby & Dudley mills high and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



655 



dry and destroying the navigation of the creek for some 
distance below. 

At Orono the bridge, which had cost between $4,000 
and $5,000, was carried away. 

The bridge and dam at Levant (Kenduskeag) were 
carried away. The Jameson bridge, below, was carried 
away. 

The Bridge at Six-mile Falls, Bangor, was nearly de- 
stroyed. 

Eddington, at the '■ Bend," was overflowed — the large 
Sibley store was upset and some shops and a large quan- 
tity of lumber carried away. 

At Sunkhaze the country was overflowed and resem- 
bled a large lake. The shore residents were obliged to 
abandon their house.s. 

This year the valuation of the State showed that 
Penobscot county, in the number of polls and wealth, 
was greater than its parent, Hancock coimty; the num- 
ber of polls being 5,549, and valuation $1,892,812, while 
the number of polls in Hancock was 4,090, and valuation 
$1,557,571.12. Of the ten counties Penobscot was the 
seventh in wealth and population. Cumberland was 
first: polls, 9,970; valuation, $6,175,814.45. 

Rev. John Smith, D. D., Principal and Professor of 
Theology of the Bangor Theological Seminary, died 
April 7, at the age of sixty-five. He was highly esteemed 
for his dignity, learning, and good sense. 

By order of the Court of Sessions John (lodfrey, Esq., 
County Attorney, was appointed to offer the old Court- 
house for sale, preparatory to building the new Court- 
house. 

The Six-mile Falls dam being out of rejwir, J. K. 
Lumbert applied to Edward Kent, Esq., to call a meet- 
ing of the owners to take measures for its repair. 

The classification of the Representative Districts by 
the Administration created much excitement among 
their opponents, who declared tiiat it was unjustly made, 
and with a view only to the aggrandizement of the partv. 
In order to insure a Representative of their own political 
complexion, they were accused of making inconvenient 
districts. One in Penobscot, called the "Hammer Dis- 
trict,'' was the especial mark of their objurgation. It 
commenced on the northerly line of Bangor, embrac- 
ing six towns, then west about ten miles to include Wil- 
liamsburg, which made the Hammer. There was a 
great deal of criticism of this method of districting, but 
the Jacksonians laughed at the objections, so long as 
they had secured a Representative for a decade, at least, 
no matter how. 

The Kenduskeag bridge was rebuilt this year, under 
Ford Whitman, James Crosby, and John Ham, a com- 
mittee. 

A brick school-house, twenty-four by twenty-eight, ten 
feet walls, was built above Treat's Falls, beyond the hill 
and turn in the road next above and on the westerly side 
of the road. 

Advardus Shaw took the Maine Coffee House this 
year on Water street, on the site occupied by the late 
Daniel House. 

The sloop Aurora, Captain Hutchinson, " having ex- 



cellent accommodations for passengers," plied between 
Bangor and Porthind this season. A schooner called the 
Free Trade plied as a packet between Bangor and Boston. 

The anniversary of Independence was celebrated in 
the town by the Bangor Artillery, under Captain Samuel 
P. Dutton. Rev. Benjamin Huntoon was the orator 
and Edward Kent the reader of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. There were two sentiments drunk at the din- 
ner worthy of note. One (a regular) shows the feeling 
that existed in regard to the decision of the King of the 
Netherlands on the boundary question. 

" The State of Maine : Always inclined to peace — 
but she finds it hard to agree to the Dutchman's division, 
which finds a range of highlands in the bed of a river." 

The other was a volunteer, by George B. Moody, Esq.: 

"Patriotism has been jestingly said to be the want of 
an office. May our patriotism be love of country, and 
ourijolitics her prosperity." 

Temperance societies continued to be organized through 
the county this year. At Dixmont one was formed with 
Josiah Howe President; Samuel Butman Vice President; 
Rowland Tyler Secretary. 

The First Parish meeting-house was rebuilt, and was 
dedicated July 20. Rev. Swan S. Pomroy preached the 
serinon, Text John iv. 24. Rev. Mr. Ripley, Baptist; 
Rev. Mr. Schermerhorn, Methodist, of Bangor, Rev. 
George E. Adams, o'' Brunswick, Rev. John Crosby, of 
Castine, and Rev. Mr. Fitch, of Belfast, took part in the 
services. 

The house was u|)on the present site; in fact, it was the 
principal part of the present house. It fronted on French 
street. Its windows were pointed. It had a wooden 
tower with f<nir ijinnacles, one at each corner, which 
were painted white and looked like a table bottom up- 
wards. It was a quasi Gothic structure — not a credit- 
able specimen of architecture. It contained 134 com- 
fortable pews ; an organ made by Calvin Edwards of 
Portland, and in the tower was the old bell of Mt Bussey, 
re-cast, but with a tone very inferior to the original. It is 
the present bell. The house and organ cost something 
more than $12,000. The sale of pews produced 
$14,000, 

The committees appointed by the Board of Directors 
for promoting popular education in Penobscot county 
were: On School Books: Moses Greenleaf. Joseph C. 
Lovejoy, Joseph Doane, Charles Stetson, William Up- 
ton, Jonas Cutting, John B. Hill, Aaron Hill, Dr. 
Stevens. On Qualification of Teachers: David Per- 
ham, Ephraim Goodale, Edward Kent, S. Wyman. On 
Systems of Instruction: David Shepherd, Samuel Garn- 
sey, Joshua P. Dickinson, Elisha H. Allen, Jeremiah 
Perley. On School Houses and Apparatus: Daniel 
Pike, Daniel Wilkins, Elias Dudley, John liennoch, 
Thomas A. Hill. On Expenses of Education: Moses 
Greenleaf, Amos Patten, Ephraim Goodale, George 
Leonard, James S. Holmes. On .Vrrangements: Daniel 
Pike, Royal Clark, Benjamin Nourse. 

On August 2 the last number of the Bangor Register 
was issued. In their valedictory the publishers, Messrs. 
Burton & Carter, recommended to its patrons the Penob- 



656 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



srot Journal, which was to be pubHshed the next week 
under the editorial charge of Phineas Barney, Esq., and 
with which they were to be connected. They plumed 
themselves upon the pure Republican principles the 
Register had always advocated, and declared it to be "a 
most gratifying reflection that from the first they had been 
decided and luiwavering in their opposition to the elec- 
tion of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency; and desired 
to be thankful that for the disgrace and humiliation of 
his election their humble selves had nothing to answer; 
that they had been thought too lenient and forbear- 
ing to those whc had assailed them often with billings- 
gate and blackguardism; that they had been inclined to 
reply, but had been quieted by the reflection 'that if you 
only give certain men rope enough, they will hang them- 
selves;' and certainly the acts and editorials of their 
neighbor [of the Eastern Republican] were most excel- 
lent exemplifications of the truth of the old adage." 

James Monroe, late President of the United States, 
died on the Fourth of July. 

General Jackson's Cabinet resigned this year, because 
of the refusal of their ladies to associate with Mrs. Eaton, 
the w^ife of the Secretary of War. Martin Van Buren, 
Secretary of State; Samuel D. Ingham, Secretary of the 
Treasury; John H. Eaton, Secretary of War, and John 
Branch, Secretary of the Navy, were the lesigning min- 
isters. 

August 9 Samuel L. Valentine issued a newspaper 
called the Penobscot Journal. Its editor was Phineas 
Barnes, Esq., a graduate of Waterville College. It pro- 
posed to advocate, among other things, "the encourage- 
ment and protection of domestic industry," thus showing 
that it would be an organ of what was then called the 
"National Republican" party. The paper was a large 
weekly, and contained from ten to fifteen columns of 
reading matter. 

Bangor then contained 2,868 inhabitants, and the 
Journal gave this pleasant notice of the condition of the 
town : 

The activity of trade in Bangor at the present time is clieering to its 
citizens, and e.vcites the admiration of strangers. A farge share of our 
merchants are in the very comfortalile condition of liaving as much as 
they can do. Our streets exhibit the bustle of a city, and a fleet of 
shipping is constantly in the harbor. Boats and rafts are passing on 
the river at all times, in all directions. A large number of buildings 
are in progress, including several blocks of stores. .Six or seven briclv- 
yards within this village are in constant operation. A spacious hotel, 
we believe the largest in the State, is well filled. Laboring men are in 
great demand, and at the highest wages. The country around finds a 
ready market for its productions. 

The editor, in another article, says: 

This town is the key, the inlet and the outlet of an extensive region 
of country, higlily distinguished for natural advantages. It possesses 
a soil which will yield ample subsistence to that which alone deserves 
subsistence — persevering industry — and which now bears upon mucli 
of its surface a mine of numense wealth. It is spotted with interesting 
and useful lakes, and traversed by numberless water-courses of untold 
value. With these advantages, and inhaljited by a population mucli 
moie than double the number of settlers in 1820, the Penobscot 
country seems to offer the fairest field for the useful labors of the public 
press. 

The valuation of Bangor this year was: Personal 
estate, $171,465; real estate, $234,202; total, $405,667. 
Tillage land was valued at $11 an acre; mowing, $12.18; 



pasture, $6.57; woodland, $4.06 ; unimproved land, 
$1.31. Hampden's valuation was: Personal estate, 
$41,010; real, $111,193; Oroho (including Oldtown): 
Personal, $11,645; ^'^^^^ $79i287- Brewer: Personal, 
$14,308; real, $62,545. Orrington: Personal, $18,528; 
real, $58,227. Dexter: Personal, $10,702; real, $32,692. 

There was much speculation at this time in regard to 
the future growth of Bangor. One enthusiastic vaticin- 
ator made the following calculation, premising it by say- 
ing, that "it IS probably safe to calculate that it will ul- 
timately become the first town in Maine, and possibly in 
New England." Bangor, in 1830, with a population of 
2,865, l^^d increased at the rate of 135 per cent, for ten 
years. Portland, with a population of 12,601, had re- 
ceived an increase of about 46 per cent, in the same 
time. At the same ratio, Bangor in 1840 would con- 
tain a ]3opulation of 6,739, '^^d Portland of 18,397. In 
1850 Bangor would have 15,845; Portland, 27,859. In 
i860 Bangor would have 38,245 ; Portland, 40,674. In 
1862 Bangor would have 48,571, and Portland 44,334. 
Thus in thirty-one years Portland would be second to 
Bangor in population. This view did not suit a Port- 
land citizen, and he was unwilling to admit the conclu. 
sion, whereupon the man of Bangor says that he (the 
Portland man) had lost sight of the fact that the calcula- 
tion was based upon this one truth, that Bangor has 
"twice the amount of territory depending upon it for a 
maiket that Portland ever can have; and that this 
whole country is now settling with unexampled ra])idity." 
The Portland man said that Bangor lived upon the lum- 
ber trade, and would not continue to grow after the 
lumber was cut off; that what they wanted in Portland 
was money to develop its resources. The Bangor man 
admitted that the lumber trade was of great importance 
to Bangor; but that the prosperity and growth of Bangor 
mainly depended upon the trade of the immense and 
growing back country "which concentrated itself here," 
and that as to money, Bangor at present felt no such 
lack ; "our lumber furnishes a very tolerable amount of 
this article, and we have enterprise, which is far better 
than cash." The Bangor writer was too enthusiastic. 
Bangor did not contain twenty thousand in 1S62 ; Port- 
land contained thirty thousand, more or less. 

The Independent Volunteers (Light Infantry Com- 
pany), Captain Micajah Haskell, made an excursion 
down the river on the 23d of August, in the packet- 
sloop Adventurer, Captain Cornvvallis. At Bucksport 
and Belfast thev performed various evolutions, and were 
highly complimented. The Belfast l.ight Infantry gave 
them a dinner at the Eagle Hotel. 

The United States Revenue Cutter Morris arrived in 
port from a cruise on August 31; Richard Derby, Com- 
mander ; Gold, Carter, and Martin, Lieutenants. 

Samuel E. Smith, Democrat, was elected Governor 
this year over Daniel Goodenow, National Republican. 
Edward Kent, National Republican, was elected Repre- 
sentative from Bangor over Gorham Parks, Democrat. 
Kent's vote was 358, Parks's 840. 

Hemp, raised in the countv, was brought into the 
Bangor market, and the hope was expressed that the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



657 



farmers would give their attention to its cultivation, as 
with proper attention it could be made profitable. 

Henry A. Head and N. O. Pilsbury formed a co- 
partnership as auctioneers September 26. 

Paul Joseph Osson, son of John Osson, a Penobscot 
Indian, gave indications of superior talent in a school at 
Oldtown, under a Catholic priest, and on a visit to Ban- 
gor became so much interested in some engravings which 
he saw in a store that he was taken to an artist's room, 
where he saw some paintings that fired him with the idea 
of imitating them. He succeeded so well that some 
Bangor gentlemen placed him with an artist, who said 
that his improvement indicated great promise. He was 
about eighteen years of age, was rather a wonder in the 
tribe, and an enthusiastic writer thought, if he should 
prove to have real genius, that the " world would stare at 
the Indian artist ! He will be a greater wonder than 
West was to Europeans." 

About the ist of October there were rumors of troub- 
les in Madawaska between Americans and Provincials. 

On October 5 the Bangor Mechanic Association, the 
object of which was " to improve its members in the 
theory and practice of their several arts and professions, 
and to acquire and promote among themselves all good 
and useful knowledge," celebrated its first triennial festi- 
val by an address in the First Baptist church by Henry 
Call, Esq., and a dinner at the Penobscot Exchange 
hotel. An elegant banner was presented by the ladies. 

The editor of the Journal was about calling the atten-' 
tion of farmers to the capacity of Maine for wheat-grow- 
ing, when his eye fell upon the following paragraph from 
a New York magazine of 181 7 : — 

The farmers of Uie District of Maine are turning their attention to 
the cultivation of wheat, and it is anticipated that the time will soon 
arrive when Boston and the other seaboard toTvns of the Common- 
wealth will derive their full supply of flour from the mills on the Ken- 
nebec and Penobscot. The scarcity in the >ear 1816 was not because 
wheat would not grow, but because verv little was sown; and this year 
the abundance is such that one contract has been made for the sale of 
two thousand bushels, to be shipped from the Kennebec to Baltimore. 
As a specimen of what the soil of the District of Maine can produce, it 
is stated that Mr. Daniel Hasey, of Fairfield, raised on one acre and 
twenty-six rods of groimd, in the summer of i8t6, si.\ty-four bushels 
and a half of wheat. 

And the editor put this pertinent inquiry : — 

Why is It, when the capacity of the Slate for wheat-growing is so 
good, and when we have water-power equal to any in the world, that 
we are annually draw-Ing thousands and thousands of barrels of our 
substance from the wheat-fields of N'ew York, Maryland, Delaware, 
and Virginia, and paying freight and commissions, besides the first 
cost, which might be kept here m circulation and in our own farmers' 
pockets. 

The unsettled condition of the Northeast boundary 
gave periodical excitements which possessed serious as- 
pects for a time, though they usually subsided in the ex- 
pectation that something would be done by the General 
Government. 

The settlement on the Madawaska River, composed 
principally of French inhabitants, was sometimes the cen- 
tre of commotions. In .'\ugust, this year, under an act 
of the Legislature, a warrant was issued by William D 
Williamson, Esq., for the purpose of organizing a town — 
the whole of the Mad.^waska settlement from the Monu- 
ment north to the Highlands — as part of the county of 
83 



Penobscot. The warrant was issued to Walter Powers, 
who appointed the meeting at the house of Peter Lirotte, 
but Lirotte refused to liave the meeting at his house, and 
it was adjourned to an open field and held around a cart. 
Barnabas Hannawall was chosen Moderator; Jesse 
Wheelock, Town Clerk; Amos Mattocks, Daniel Savage, 
and John Hanford, Selectmen; Randall Hanford and 
Barnabas Hannawall, Constables. Powers administered 
the oath to the Selectmen. About a dozen Americans 
participated in the organization. Mr. Justice Rice and 
Captain Coombs, of the Provincial militia, protested 
against the proceedings. The French inhabitants took 
no part. 

A second town meeting was held Sei)teinber r, by di- 
rection of Moderator Hannawall, at Rajjhael Martin's 
house, to elect a Representative to the Maine Legisla- 
ture. Peter Lirotte (a Provincial captain of militia) was 
elected, against the protest of Justice Rice, in His Maj- 
esty's name, .\bout twenty of the French inhabitants 
participated in the proceedings. 

It had been reported among the l^rovincials that John 
G. Deane and Edward Kavanagh had, in August pre- 
vious, under a resolve by the Maine Legislature, been 
through the settlement, taking an account of the number 
of settlers, and had taken pains to impress it upon them 
that they were inhabitants of Maine and owed no alle- 
giance to Great Britain. 

These proceedings were reported by James A. Mac- 
lauchlan, a magistrate, and an agent of the British Gov- 
ernment to prevent aggressions upon the disputed terri- 
tory, to the Provincial Government. Whereupon the 
Governor and Council sent the .Attorney-General and 
Maclauchlan to Madawaska to learn facts and " prevent 
further aggressions.'' The result was the arrest of Mod- 
erator Hannawall, Selectman Savage, Town Clerk Wheel- 
ock, and one Daniel Bean, who, refusing to give bail, 
were committed to prison to answer to indictments that 
might be found against them. Some French people were 
arrested who gave bail and were not committed. Some 
escaped to the woods; among them John Barker. 

On October 13 the grand jury of York county. Prov- 
ince of New Brunswick, found a bill of indictment 
against Barnabas Hannawall, John Baker, Walter Powers, 
Jesse Wheelock, Daniel Savage, Randal Harford, John 
Harford, Nathaniel Bartleti, .^ugustin Webster, and Ainos 
Mattocks, for attempting to procure sedition within said 
Province, and to subvert His Majesty's authority within 
the same, and to set up and establish a foreign power 
and dominion in place thereof Of these, Hannawall, 
Wheelock, and Savage were tried before Mr. Justice 
Chi[)man, found guilty, and each sentenced to pay a fine 
of ^50, and be imprisoned in the gaol of the county 
for three months and until the fines were paid. 

The imisrisonment of these men, however, did not 
continue long. Before the end of November they were 
on their way home, having been permitted to dejiart on 
their personal security for the payment of fines and costs. 
The release was in consequence of communications from 
the British Minister at Washington to the Government 
of New Brunswick, and the order for their release was 



658 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



signed by the (lovernor of the Province, Sir Archibald 
Campbell. 

This affair created much excitement in Bangor, but 
the opinion prevailed to some extent that the action of 
the Legislature in relation to the territory when negotia- 
tions were pending between the General Governments for 
the settlement of the boundary question, was injudicious 
and seemed too much like nullification. 

The lead mine discovered at Sebec a year or two be- 
fore this was said to contain very rich ore, equal to the 
Missouri, and, in the opinion of English miners who had 
examined it, inexhaustible. 

The Educational .\ssociation for Penobscot county or- 
ganized this year, held a public meeting in Bangor on 
October 5. The introductory lecture was given by Rev. 
Mr. Huntoon, of Bangor, and the closing by Rev. Mr. 
Niles, of Brewer. Rev. J. C. Loveioy and Daniel Pike, 
Esq., of Bangor, and Judge Perham, of Brewer, were 
appointed a committee on the qualification of teachers. 

The indications of thrift and growth in Bangor this 
year were very encouraging. Nine brick-yards turned 
out three million two hundred thousand bricks. The 
number of buildings erected was in the neighborhood of 
one hundred. Among them were fourteen large brick 
stores, two blocks three stories high. 

The Bangor Commercial Bank went into operation. 
Thomas A. Hill, President; Thomas A. Hill, William 
Emerson, Amos Patten, James B. Fiske, James Crosby, 
Directors; Edward Richardson, Cashier. 

Lieutenant J. S. Gallagher, Second Regiment United 
States Infantry, who had been stationed at Bangor as As- 
sistant Commissary of Subsistence, was transferred to 
Fort Gratiot, Michigan Territory, and left on the 19th of 
October. Lieutenant Samuel L. Russell was appointed 
to his place. 

Chief Justice Mellen presided at a session of the 
Supreme Judicial Court in October. But one indictment 
for a criminal offence was lound, and tliere was no trial. 
The Journal said the Chief Justice "presided wiih his 
usual ability, fairness, and impartiality. We think the 
Chief Justice an excellent judge in many respects, and 
especially in kee|)ing the lawyers in order and to the 
point." 

The Madawaska difficulties were the occasion of a 
meetmg of the Governor and Council, who resolved "to 
adopt all proper and constitutional means to procure the 
release" of the prisoners, and appointed one of their 
number to go to Fredericton to see the prisoners and 
provide for their families, and caused a " general order to 
be issued to the militia to be in readiness to meet such 
requisition as circumstances may require, and as the 
President of the United States may deem necessary for 
the protection of our citizens and territory." 

The organization of Madawaska was made after the 
designation by the King of the Netherlands of the bed 
of St. John River as a suitable boundary between the 
United States and British America, and therefore con- 
sidered unquestionably justifiable, as it was made on the 
United States side of the line designated. 

This year a public clock, the product of the skill of 



Mr. George Fitts, an ingenious mechanic of the town, 
was placed upon the Unitarian church, at a cost of $500, 
raised by private subscription. 

The Bangor Bridge Company under their act of in- 
corporation took preliminary ste[)s for building a bridge 
to connect Bangor and Brewer. 

The complaints of the selling of liquor and drunkenness 
in Bangor were common. "Citizen" in the Journal on 
the 6th of December says: 

1 had supposed that temperance societies and the unpopularity of 
drinking strong liquors would be sufficient to put a stop to the evil. I 
say evil; 1 have no doubt, in my own mind, tliat it is the greatest evil 
of our day. We now almost daily, and in some instances oftener, see 
some of our fellow-beings — and some of them once respectable — falling 
into the mud in our streets, and when down not able to lise. We find 
grog-shops erected and kept in nearly every possible place, selling 
spirits without license, making drunkards by the thousand. Shops are 
kept open on the Sabbath and young men are earned home to their 
parents on that day unable to help themselves. 

In the issue of the 20th a subscriber says: 

I can assure the editor that I will find ten shops and cellars in the 
village that are selling rum. gin, and other strong drinks without a 
license, and also a greater number of stores. Many of the store-keep- 
ers do not wish to be thought rumsellers, and have removed their rum 
into the second story. 

The editor corroborates the statement, but adds that 
he is in possession of some very gratifying facts in rela- 
tion to the progress of temperance in the town and 
vicinity. 

Proposals were requested in October by Thomas A, 
Hill, John Godfrey, and Thornton McGaw, Committee, 
for building a brick court-house agreeably to plan. 

Ford Whitman, Joseph K. Lumbert, and John Fiske 
wished to contract for building a block of brick stores, 
335 feet in length by 58 feet wide, and for graveling a 
wharf 335 feet in length. This block was built on Ex- 
change street. 

On the 26th of November, 1831., the Selectmen, 
Daniel Pike, Royal Clark, and Henry Call, published a 
petition to the Legislature setting forth that, on applica- 
tion, the Overseers of the Poor had furnished supplies to 
Oliver Leonard, Esq., and his wife Sarah, before his de- 
cease to them both, and after his decease January 3, 
1828, until her decease; that, in 1829, said Sarah re- 
ceived an annuity,* and left an estate of considerable 
amount; that the administrator of Sarah's estate had re- 
funded the supplies furnished her, but doubted his 
authority to refund the sum advanced before the death 
of her husband, and refused to do so; whereupon they 
prayed the Legislature to authorize the administrator to 
refund that sum, being $83.53. 

On March 3, 1832, the Legislature granted the Select- 
inen leave to withdraw. 

General Trafton had on exhibition some fine specimens 
of apples and grapes from the farm of General Herrick, 
of Hampden, and fruit growers were convinced that the 
climate of the region would be no obstacle to success in 
raising many of the most valuable kinds of fruit. 

On December 22 pledges were given in the Methodist 

*The annuity was received before and at her marriage, but suspended 
by proceedings in chancery. .-\ final decree restored the annuity after 
his death. She was the widow of a British surgeon when Mr. Leonard 
married her. 



J 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



659 



congregation, to abstain from the use and manufacture 
of ardent spirits, except when they were absolutely 
necessary as a medicine. 



CH.\FTER XXV. 

Uovernoi Etienne's Friends — Money \'alue of Temperance — Congrega- 
tional Meeling-house at Oldtown — Damon on Bangor — Washington's 
Birihtiay Celebrated — Town Election — Boundary Question — .Act for 
the Survey of Lumber — Children in Penobscot County — Road Com- 
missioners — School Committee — Packet "Free Trade " Wrecked — 
Kenduskeag Bank Organized — Death of Daniel Pike Methodist 
Chapel Bell — Freight of the "Free Tr.ade" — Dr. Pond Becomes Pro- 
fessor—Cold Spring — .A Winding Walk— Quarantine— Cholera — 
Building — J. P. Rogers .Appointed .Attorney-General —Two Fourth of 
July Celebrations— State Election — Death of William D. Williamson 
— "Free Trade" .Again Running— Regular .Army and Population of 
the Several States in the Revolution— Credit to Captain Hasey — N'a- 
tion.al Republic.ms Complain of Postm,i5ter Tralton — Lawlessness — 
Benevolence — Madawaska " Insult" — Orders of tieneral Hodsdon — 
\'ote of Bangor at Presidential Election — Samuel Snow. Jr., Killed 
— Piscataquis Can.al & Railroad Coinijany-Judge Williamsons His- 
tory published — Death. 

John .\tean, Governor; Joseph Lion, Councilor; Norril 
Lion; Sappeal Mohawk, Co.; Joseph Poris; Jo Mary 
.Mohawk; Nicolar Netchet; Poris Bear, Esquire; Noel 
Poris; Peal Pole Poris; Captain Nicolar; Peal Michael. 
Sousep; Captain Fransnay Sousep; Fransnay Sousep; 
Sabatis Sousep; John Sousep; Jo Mitchell; Captain Jo 
Mary ; Sabatis Bear; Deniselas Jo Nicolar: Fransnay Jo 
Nicolar; Sol Ninepence ; .A.tean Racoon; Glossean; Jo 
.Michael Glossean; Socabason (llossean; Andra Sappeal; 
Tomer Soc Lexis; Sappael Sock Lexis; Peal Michael 
Sock Lexis; Captain Francis; Peal Nicolar Francis; Peal 
Nicolar Palassy; Sabatis Sunksus; Loui Neptune; Cap- 
tain John Orson: Captain .\tean Orson: Nicolar John 
Orson: Paul Sousep John Orson; Jo Mary John Orson; 
Sabatis Martin; Jo Lolar; Loui Lolar ; Jo Swarsin, pub- 
lished a card in the Journal of January 3, alleging that 
they were Indians of the Penobscot Tribe, friends of the 
then Governor, John .\tean, and all over eighteen years 
of age, which was the i)eriod of their majority and free- 
dom from their fathers. 

It was estimated that the advantage derived by the 
people of this county in the last three years fiotn the 
temperance cause, if it could be reduced to money, was 
of more value than $200,000. 

A Congregational meeting-house was built at Oldtown 
this year. 

Bangor at this time was attracting much attention, 
and enterprising business men were establishing them- 
selves in the town. Mr. Isaac Damon, an architect of 
note from Northampton, Massachusetts, in a letter dated 
Bangor, January 26, 1832, said : 

Iwas most agreeably disappointedat the appearance of tlie place, and 
greatly surprised at the magnitude of its business operations. Bangor 
is situated on the west side of the Penobscot, and on both sides of the 



Stream Ivcndiiske.ig, over which a new and excellent bridge has been 
constructed the past year. It has four houses of public worship, three 
of which are brick — three of them have bells, and one is furnished with a 
town clock ; besides these, you have presented in the same view another 
meeting-house in the growing village of Brewer, upon the east side of 
the main river. "I'here is also a Theological Seminaiy, together with 
public free school, very creditable to the people, as evidence of a just 
concern for universal education, in conformity with the spirit of the age 
and the laws of the Stole. There are seventy-three stores and shops 
occupied by merchants and traders, and a great number of almost all 
descriptions of mechanics. There are five public houses, one of which, 
where I am now writing, owned and occupied by Mr. Ebenezer French, 
and the widows and heirs of the late Zadoc F'rench, Esq., by whom it 
was created, is a splendid mansion, that would be an ornament to any 
of our largest cities; and, what is of more importance to the traveler, it 
is kept in a style in no respect inferiot to its appearance. 

To give you some idea of the growth of Bangor 1 will first notice 
that seventy-two dwelling houses and stores have been erected and put 
under contr.ict for building within the past year; more than half of which 
appear to be substantial brick buildings, and most of tliem are rented 
ot contracted for before they are completed; while many persons are 
waiting their removal here for a chance to hire a house and store. 

It may be well inquired, what sustains the business and population so 
rapidly concentrating at Bangor? 

The resources afforded by the great extent of terri- 
tory connected by the river and tributary streams, all navigable for 
boats and rafts., which here find a common outlet for the immense pro- 
ductions of the forest, from a distance of more than an hundred miles, 
consisting of lumber of almost all descriptions, superior, in general, to 
any that can be procured in any part of New England. Great as ihir 
branch of business undoubtedly is, it will soon be rivalled by the supe- 
rior importance of those agricultural productions which here also must 
receive tlieir destination to different part of the United States and to 
foreign countries. The mills at Stillwater and Orono comprise upwards 
of fifty saws, estimated to cut over forty millions of boards; to be added 
to these are numerous mills above, on the main river, as well as 
those on the Kenduskeag and other streams connected with and falling 
into it above Bangor, which greatly augment the quantity of boards; 
l>esides which there are clapboard, lath, and shingle-mills that manu- 
facture an almost incredible quantity of those articles to add to the 
stock of boards and timber. In fact, the value and fitness of materials 
for building to be found at Bangor, together with the faithfulness of 
their merchants in the execution of contracts and the high character 
of their survey, have come to be in such extensive reputation that 
large orders are sent here to be executed from the principal manufactur- 
ing places in New England. 

It is computed that over four hundred yoke of oxen, with an ap- 
piopriate number of cho])iiers and loggers, are scattered over the 
territory contiguous to the river and its tributary streams, for a dis- 
tance of more than 120 miles, all connected with the mills and busi- 
ness of this place. V\"hen this view is taken of the resources of the 
county, together with the important fact that ten or twelve ships and 
vessels of various descriptions are, and probably will continue to be 
annually built here and in the immediate vicinity, there is no ditficuUy 
in finding efficient causes for the grow th and permanent increase and 
prosperity of Bangor. 

In regard to agriculture, he says that from his residence and observa- 
tion for several months he is convinced that "no part of New Eng- 
land affords so great inducements for our enterprising and industrious 
young men to come and settle down as farmers. The soil is good, and 
a cash market is at hand for produce. ... I have no 
doubt the chance is better from the mere pursuit of .agriculture for a 
young man to accjuire property, support a family, and enjoy health 
and promote his happiness here than in any of the Western Slates re- 
mote from the .Atlantic." 

The Mechanic Association celebrated the 2 2d of Feb- 
ruary, the one hundredth anniversary of Washington's 
birthday, by thirteen guns at sunrise— "the old thirteen" 
—and one hundred at noon, and a meeting in the Court- 
house in the evening, where a prayer was made by Rev. 
Mr. Huntoon. Washington's Farewell Address was read 
by Rev. Mr. Ripley, and remarks were made by Henry 
Call, Esq., and others. The temperature in the morning 
was from twenty to twelve degrees below zero, and the 



66o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



day was said to be "one of the brightest and most beauti- 
ful of our winter days." 

The day was celebrated in Hampden. An address 
was delivered by Hon. Enoch Brown. Washington's 
Farewell Address was read by Rev. Otis Briggs. The 
music was directed by D. Jolin Abbott, and was pro- 
nounced "excellent." Captain Edward Snow "served 
up" a dinner in "good style," which was partaken of by 
citizens, among whom were several soldiers of the Revo- 
lution. General John Crosby officiated as President; 
Hon. S. Stetson and General J. Herrick as Vice-Presi- 
dents. Some of the volunteer sentiments were partisan 
and spicy : 

By General Herrick (Whig). "President Jackson's 
Visit : A series of vulgar fractions reduced to their low- 
est terms." 

By Colonel Emery (Democrat). " The Tariff of 1828: 
Recommended by Adams and Clay, and may it sink 
into oblivion with those who recommended it." 

By A. Matthews. "Free Trade; Sensible in theory, 
but infeasible in practice." 

It was predicted at this time that the buildings to be 
put up the next season on the east side of the Kendus- 
keag, and the consequent transfer of business to that side, 
with the location of the bridge there, would cause "a 
nearer equilibrium in the growth and prosperity of our 
town." During a series of years the business on the west- 
erly side of the Kenduskeag predominated over that of 
the easterly side. 

The town election this year occurred on the 12th of 
March. Edward Kent had 175 votes for Moderator; 
William D. Williamson, 133. It was a partisan election. 
The majorities of the Whigs were about the same for all 
the candidates. Samuel Lowder, Royal Clark, and Henry 
Call were elected Selectmen; Timothy Crosby, James R. 
Fiske, and John Wilkins, Overseers of the Poor; Ford 
Whitman, Treasurer. 

The Northeast boundary question was before the Leg- 
islature this year, and proceedings were had in relation 
to a surrender of a portion of the territory for a consid- 
eration, which created much acrimonious feeling. 

An act regulating the survey of lumber was passed by 
the Legislature, which was decidedly of great import- 
ance. 

The Fire Wards of the town established some regula- 
tions for efficient action this year. 

The number of children in Penobscot county by the 
last census was 7,407 males, 6,954 females; total, 14,361. 
In the then ten counties it was the nintli in numbers. The 
whole number of children in the State was 171,406. 

Poitland became a city this year. 

Wiggins Hill, Samuel Louder, John Hani, Ezra 
Hutchins, and John LeGro, Jr., were chosen Road 
Commissioners, under a statute of the last Legislature, 
instead of Highway Surveyors. 

The School Committee of this year were John God- 
frey, William Abbott, Daniel Pike, John Ham, Samuel 
Garnsey, Thomas J. Foiks, William Thompson, John 
Thurston, William Blaisdell; and $2,000 were raised for 
the support of schools. 



A packet schooner called tlie Free Trade, that plied 
between Bangor and Boston, Captain H. Harriman, 
master, struck on the Duck ledges on Sunday morning, 
April 8, and bilged. She was on her return from Boston 
with a freight of $20,000; vessel worth $4,000; small 
insurance on all. The passengers were landed in the 
vessel's boats on Monhegan Island. The master was 
absolved from blame. The Free Trade was new and 
owned in Bangor. Tiie captain attributed the loss to 
the disregard of his orders by the mates. The weather 
was bad and continued so for several days. The captain 
made great efforts to recover her and some part of the 
cargo, but did not succeed. The wreck was afterwards 
picked up off Cape Cod (April 25), and was towed into 
Gloucester. A portion of her cargo was saved. The 
Free Trade was repaired and put upon the route again 
the next September. 

On April 30 Kenduskeag Bank was organized. John 
Wilkins, Joseph R. Lumbert, Elisha H. Allen, George 
W. Pickering, and Levi Cram were chosen Directors. 
John Wilkins was made President, and Theodore S. 
Dodd Cashier. 

Daniel Pike, a prominent citizen, died May 6, at the 
age of forty-eight. 

A fine-toned bell was put in the Methodist meeting- 
house in April. 

A writer in the Journal discovers that there were "seven- 
ty-one barrels of liquors " on board the schooner Free 
Trade when she was lost, and did not wonder at the 
quantity on board a smuggler's vessel when it might be 
sold "either with or without license, witliout any molesta- 
tion or hindrance in this town." Another, in reply, says 
that no town in the State is in advance of Bangor in 
temperance. 

Rev. Mr. Pomroy said of the trustees that Dr. Enoch 
Pond had accepted a professorship in the Theological 
Seminary; and acknowledged the receipt of $1,000 from 
Mrs. Lord of Kennebunk for the benefit of the library. 

The spring was cold this year. Fires were.comfortable 
up to and into June. They were kept up until May 24th 
in Baltimore, and snow fell later as far south as Newport, 
Rhode Island. It was claimed that the climate was quite 
as mild as that in those places. 

In June "A Friend" proposes a walk with a friend in 
the morning in several stanzas of this style of poetry : 

My friends ! the sun begins to gild 
* Tile concave of the Eastern sky; 
And all the landscape now is filled 
With sounds of mirth and jolUty. 

Winter has gone, and lovely June 

Is clad in cerule vestments fair; 
Then rise and listen to the tune 

Of Linnet in the summer air. 

We'll hasten to our fav'rite spot, 

Where rise the crags so high and steep; 

And lose ourselves in busy thought. 

While going down the " Lover's Leap.* 

It has been a question with many of the Bangor ro- 

* " Lover's Leap" is a fine, bold chff on the bank of the Kendus- 
keag, three-fourths of a mile above Bangor village, a mile above Ken- 
duskeag Bridge. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



66 1 



mancers how the precipice called " Lover's Leap " ac 
quired its name, and frequent attempts have been 
made for its solution. A poem was written in i8Si, 
from which a solution satisfactory to some sentimental 
pilgrims to that spot may be gathered. " Raven Hair " 
must have belonged to a tribe anterior to the Penobscot, 
or "Iron Hand" been under the influence of that 
nectar which inspires so many of the knights of the 
wood to perform astonishing feats, and led to the enact- 
ment of a law for the suppression of its use. The poem 
may be found in the sketch of Kenduskeag town, in the 
second division of this book. 

Jonathan P. Rogers, of Bangor, was appointed Attor- 
ney-General of the State, in place of Erastus Foote. 

On the 28th June the Selectmen gave notice that a 
quarantine was established from that date on all vessels 
which should arrive within the limits of the town in the 
Penobscot River, from Eastport and Lubec, and the 
British Provinces, and any port in which cholera morbus 
or any contagious disease was prevailing. Timothy 
Crosby, Esq., was appointed Quarantine Officer, and Dr. 
Rufus K. Gushing, Physician. 

-Much alarm existed because of the prevalence of 
Asiatic cholera in Lower Canada. .\ public meeting of 
the citizens was called, and physicians were called "upon 
by the Board of Health to report regulations in regard to 
the disease. They replied by saying, in order to allay 
undue excitement and alarm, that there were but few in- 
sulated and solitary cases within the bounds of the United 
States, and those wei-e connected with the emigration of 
foreigners from Canada, and that they had positive as- 
surance that the disease was in no case spreading or pre- 
vailing. For regulations they referred to the then recent 
report of the Boston Board of Health, published in the 
Journal of June 26th, in the princi|)les of which they 
concurred. The cholera did not reach Bangor until 
1849, when many persons died of the disease, and great 
alarm prevailed, and business was prostrated. 

Dr. John Mason was selected by the citizens, in 1831, 
to visit New York to obtain information res[)ecting the 
disease, and observe its symptoms and modes of treat- 
ment. 

In July more than two hundred dwelling-houses, stores, 
and shops were building in the town. Rents were enor- 
mously high, and nearly every building about to be erected 
was rented as soon as the plan was drawn. The court- 
house and bridge across the Penobscot were commenced, 
and wharves and piers were springing up in the harbor. 

There were two celebrations of the Fourth of July this 
year — one by the citizens, the other by the Jackson par- 
tisans. 

The citizens' celebration was by a ijrocession, oration, 
and dinner. The procession was escorted by a company of 
citizen volunteers, under command of Captain Samuel P. 
Dutton. The reading of the Declaration of Independence 
was by Peleg Chandler, Esq.; the oration was by Dr. 
Barker; and the dinner was presided over by Hon. .Mien 
Oilman, assisted by Samuel Lowder and Edward Kent. 

Although a citizens' celebration, the regular toasts in- 
dicated partisanism the reveise of Jacksonisra, as : 



"The President of the United States. He said a. wise 
thing when he expressed an opinion against being a can- 
didate for re-election; he would do a wise thing if he 
would follow his own prescription." 

"Henry Clay. The advocate of liberty in every clime. 
We trust to see him President of these United States." 
(Received with three cheers.) 

Of the volunteer sentiments, this by Nathaniel Hatch: 
"The present Administration are for fixing our limits in 
the bed of a river, — we trust yet to find them on a Clay 
hill." ■ 

And this by J. Appleton, Esq., of Sebec [afterwards 
Chief Justice Supreme Court]: "Our Governor. Abet- 
ter speculator on his own account than in behalf of the 
State." 

The excitement was considerable in the State, because 
the Administration party was inclined to adopt the award 
of the King of the Netherlands, fixing our northeast 
boundary in the bed of the St. John River for a con- 
sideration — virtually selling all the territory north of that 
river, and several of the sentiments referred to that. 

A notable feature in the celebration of the day was a 
company of truckmen and others in white frocks, with 
blue ribbons about the neck and white trousers, on horse- 
back. Their fine riding and evolutions occasioned much 
favorable comment. 

Colonel Samuel Lowder, Jr., of this town, a fine clas- 
sical scholar and a gentleman very highly esteemed, died 
on the Fourth of July, in Exuma, Turk's Island, where 
he had gone for the improvement of his health. His re- 
mains were brought to Bangor for interment. He was 
buried with appropriate civil and military honors. Ma- 
jor-General Hodsdon (to whose slaff he belonged) and 
his staff", Brigadier-General Williams and his staff, and the 
officers of the regiment, with the military companies of 
the place and vicinity, and citizens generally, attended 
the funeral. Colonel Lowder was a native of Dedham, 
Massachusetts. 

William F., only son of Hon. William D. Williarason, 
died on the 6th of September, at the age of eighteen. 

.■\t this time the following table was published, showing 
the men supplied by each State to the regular army dur- 
ing the Revolution, between 1775 and 1783, inclusive, .^nd 
the population of the States in round numbers : — 

I III 

Statf..'; £- : 2 "3 

: 3"? 

New Hampshire '2.497 141,000 

Mass.ichiisetts (including Maine) 67.907 475,000 

Rhode Island 5.098 68.000 

Connecticut 3''939 235,000 

New York I7.78i 319.000 

New Jersey 10,726 176,000 

Pennsylvania 25,778 43'.°oo 

Delaware 2,386 51,000 

Maryland I3.9'2 216,000 

Virginia 26,677 561,000 

North Carolina 7.263 293,000 

South Carolina 6,447 133,000 

t^eorgia 2,697 51,000 

The votes of Bangor, on September lo, at the State 
annual meeting, were: For Samuel E. Smith, Democrat, 



66z 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






434; Daniel Goodenow, National RcpubKcan, 51;. 
Smith was re-elected. 

Ca|jtain Andrew W. Hasey, who kept a hotel at the 
corner of Hammond and Franklin streets (where the 
Davis Block now stands), received much credit for aban- 
doning his lucrative traffic in ardent spirits. 

The National Republicans made great complaint 
against General Mark Trafton, the "Jackson Postmaster" 
of the town, for abuse of the franking privilege in dis- 
tributing partisan circulars through the [lost-office urging 
his party to organize, and said that they thought it incon- 
sistent with the utterances of President Jackson in his 
inaugural, where he accused the Administration of John 
Quincy Adams of having brought the " power and pat- 
ronage of the General Government into conflict with the 
freedom of elections." The complaint, however, was 
abortive ; the State and county were Jacksonian, and the 
dominant party held to the principle, " To the victors be- 
long the spoils." 

Lawlessness prevailed to some extent in the fall. .\ 
fire-engine on the west side of the Kenduskeag was mis- 
chievously removed from its place of deposit ; a valuable 
elm tree on Hammond street was cut down ; signs were 
pulled down, and other acts of wanton mischief were 
done, and the Selectmen offered a reward of $50 for evi- 
dence that would convict the principal offenders. 

The benevolence of the people was taxed in behalf of 
the people of the Cape de Verde Islands, and contribu- 
tions were taken in the several churches, with the follow- 
ing result: 

First Parish (Congregational). Rev. .\Ir. Poniroy $158 25 

First Baptist, Rev. Mr. Ripley 46 00 

Union Street (Unitatianl. Rev. Mr. Huntoon 10309 

Methodist 4300 

.The Madawaska "insult" afforded the Major-General 
of the Third Division of Militia, Isaac Hodsdon, through 
John Hodgdon, his aid-de-camp, opportunity to manifest 
his patriotism under the head of "Division Orders." An 
extract or two from the manifesto will give an idea of the 
gallant spirit that prevailed among the military worthies 
at the time. Referring to the call of the (Governor to be 
ready for service, he says: 

In reiterating this call of the L'oniniander-in-cliiet" to the officers and 
soldiers of the Division, it affords peculiar pleasure to the M.ajor-General 
to know that they have anticipated such a requisition with that zeal and 
satisfaction which the occasion demands, and are impatient to manifest 
their alacrity in obeying it. 

The proximity of this Division to the place where the outrage was 
committed is a sufficient guarantee to the troops of which it is com- 
posed that they will be allowed to participate in avenging (if necessary) 
the indignity which would otherwise be cast upon the escutcheon of the 
Republic. .\ spirit of forbearance only has restrained them until no« 
from avenging it, either by capture or reprisal. ... j 

The volunteer corps, and particularly the companies of light infantry 
and riflemen, are reminded that an opportunity may soon be presented 
them to evince the ability of their knowledge of military evolutions and 
discipline for which which they have been so deservedly distinguished. 

The Presidential election occurred on November 6. i 
The vote of Bangor was: For Henry Clay, 504; for An- 
drew Jackson, 367. The vote of Brewer was: For Clay, 
117; Jackson, iii. Of Orrington: For Clay, 131; Jack- 
son, 44. 

Samuel Snow, Jr., of Bangor, was killed on the night of 



No\i.mber i by a blow from William Dvvellcy, a neighbor 
and relative. Dwelley and his wife had been absent from 
home. On returning they heard the cries of their chil- 
dren as if terrified. On entering his house, Dwelley 
found Snow there, and that he was the cause of the chil- 
dren's alarm. On seeing Dwelley, Snow ran, and Dwel- 
ley gave him a blow upon his stomach which caused his 
instant death. 

On November 6 appeared the jsetition to the Legisla- 
ture of 1 833, of Moses CJreenleaf and others, for the incor- 
poration of the "Bangor and Piscataquis Canal and Rail- 
way Company," to construct canals and railways from 
the tide-waters of Penobscot River to jjlaces on the Pis- 
cataquis River. 

Judge William 1). Williamson, of Bangor, published his 
History of Maine, in two volumes, this year. 

The deaths in Bangor for four years ending December, 

1832, were: 

From January, 1829, to January, 1830 54 

From January, 1830, to January, 1831 34 

PVom January. 1831, to January, 1832 54 

From January, 1832, to January. 1833 95 



CHAPIER XXVI. 

John Hodgdon Councillor — Uennet's Co\e — "Washington" Engine 
at Oldtown — District of Belfast — The Littlefields' School — Town so 
Changed--Town Lands for .Sale — New' Religious Society Proposed — 
Fast Driving — Chapel ol Theological .Seminary Burned — Art — Fire 
— Mr. Kent's Addresses on Temperance, in Convention and 
Views of Dr. Pond, Mr. .■\ppleton, and Others — Penobscot Mill-dam 
Company Organized-— .\. G. Jewett, County .\ttorney— Bonds of 
Real Estate — Anecdotes — General Hodsdon Reappointed Clerk — 
Companies Incorporated — Many Strangers— .Annual Town Meeting 
—Fire and Marine Company Organized— Hammond Street Society— 
M,ajor Moulthrop~Wa.\ Figures — Bangor House Contemplated — 
Savings Bank and Mercantile Bank Organized — Travesty of Timber 
Land .Speculation — .Adventure with a Bear — Ice — New Translation 
of Bible — .Schools — .Appropriations — Votes for Governor, etc. — Irish 
Laborers — Mob at Carr's Wharf— Mob in the Town — Preparation 
for Citv Government. 

1833, .'^fter the organization of the Legislature this 
year John Hodgdon, Esq., (Democrat) a young lawyer of 
Bangor and Aid de-Camp of Major-General Isaac Hods- 
don, was elected a member of Governor Smith's Council. 

Proposals for building a granite wall three hundred 
feet long, three feet thick, and fifteen feet high, on the 
north shore of Dennet's Cove, were, advertised for by M, 
& A. Patten and J. B. Fiske. This was a beautiful cove 
about a quarter of a mile below the mouth of the Ken- 
duskeag. It was a depot for rafts of lumber, but has 
since been filled and the Maine Central Railroad now oc- 
cupies the ground for a station and other purposes. 

On the 26th of January a portion of the Fire Depart- 
ment and several citizens, went to Oldtown to assist in 
extinguishing a fire at General Veazie's mills, occasioned 
by throwing coals and brands from the stove in one of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



663: 



the mills on the slabs on the outside. The mills were 
saved. 

The towns of Bangor, Hampden, Frankfort, Prospect, 
and Camden were at this time included in the customs 
district of Belfast. In this district there were registered 
and enrolled, in 1832, four new brigs, thirty-four schoon- 
ers, and one sloop. The amount of tonnage was 14,014 
tons. 

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. I.ittlefield opened a young 
ladies' school. Lectures were to be given in physiology, 
chemistry, astronomy, etc. Terms, French and English, 
$6 per quarter ; English, $5. .\ class of misses between 
eight and twelve years of age would be admitted at $4 
per qu.Trter. 

On the 12th of February an "Old Inhabitant of Bos- 
ton" said through the Penobscot Journal: 

Within .\ few years our town has so essentially .ilterctl its appear- 
ance that a person who resided here about ten years since, and who 
recently paid us a visit, said that he could hardly believe the 
fact that he was in Bangor ; that the last year more than two hundred 
buildings, wharves, etc., were erected, and the present season there will 
probably be as many more, including a meeting-house and a spacious 
hotel. 

On February 13 Philip Coombs advertised for sale 
three ])arcels of land on State street, within two hundred 
rods of the Kenduskeag bridge. One of the lots con- 
sisted of thirty-two acres on the north side of the street; 
one lot on the south side between the street and low 
water mark, comprising ten acres; and one lot twenty- 
seven rods on the street and twenty-three rods on New- 
bury street, containing ten acres, with a house forty by 
forty-four, three stories high, and twenty finished rooms, j 

On the i6th a meeting was notified by the request of 
Ceorge \V. B., James B. Fiske, Ceorge .Starrett, and ' 
twenty-five others, to be held at Hill & Starrett's office 
on P'ebruary 26, for organizing a "parish or religious 
society.'' 

Fast driving was, as ic ever will be, until drivers be- 
come decent, a cause of complaint. Somebody was 
very properly indignant that "a sleigh drove ilirectly 
across the path" of two latlies who were on their way to 
church on Sunday, and struck one of the ladies " with 
such force as to tear in tatters a thick broadcloth cape, 
cloak, and under silk cape, and then passed on without 
stopping." 

On the 1 8th of February a building on the lot now 
occupied by ex-Vice-Presidcnt Hamlin, owned by the 
Theological Institute, and used by them as a chapel and 
school-house, was destroyed by fire. The loss was $1,000, 
for which it was insured. Counsellor Peleg Chandler 
tendered his thanks to the fire wards, engine men, and all 
the citizens whose "cool, prompt, and energetic exer- 
tions,'' and "calm and affective aid, saved his house and 
outbuildings — which were near the chapel — from a like , 
fate." 

Mr. Major Moulthrop, from Connecticut, at this time 
commenced a course of instruction in landscape draw- 
ing and painting at the h'ranklin House on the 26th 
of February. 

A fire which destroyed a building of Judge William- 
son's, occupied as a dry-goods store (by William H. Hart- 



well), and in which were two lawyers' offices (S. H. 
Blake's and N. Haynes's), and the Democratic Republican 
(newspaper) office, causing a loss of some $5,000 or 
more, led to the suggestion that a fire department be 
organized in town. Something more was wanting than 
men mounting ridge-poles and bawling "fire!" "waterl" 
on ihe one hand and females passing water on the other. 
.\ temperance celebration occurred on the 2filh of Feb- 
ruary. An address was delivered by F.dward Kent, and 
contained these memorable words: 

But there are objectors to this system of total abstinence. Perhaps 
you say. "I care bnt little about my glass; I can drink, or I can omit 
drinking without any painful effort. I occasionally take my glass, but 
have no fixed habit. It would be no great effort for me to abandon it 
altogether. But I do not choose to do so. 1 will not pledge myself to 
abandon it." 

Waiving all appeals to you in respect to your own danger of yet find- 
ing yourself on the downward road, let us reason a moment together in 
relation lo your influence upon others. I ask you, what hope is there 
of effecting the great moral reformation we aim at, and you admit you 
desire, if men should act upon your princi[)le? Would you depend 
upon the fines and imprisonment, and the house of correction, to biing 
to disgrace and punishment the hopeless drunkard? But our object is 
not only, and in truth not so much, to cure, as to [irevent intemperance. 
We would not despair of the habitual and confirmed drunkard. But 
we honestly confess that our hopes and our aims lie in resisting the 
beginning of evils; in drying up the fountain from which issues the 
deadly stream— in staying the steps of the unfortunate ere yet the fatal 
habit is formed, or the fatal spell cast around them. .\nd now, I ask, 
how can you assist in this work whilst you are in the daily or cominon 
use of ardent spirits? The youth who is just forming his habits of in- 
temperance, replies to your remonstrance, "Why do you upbraid or 
advise me? You, too, drink; why should not 1?" You may say: ■■ I 
never drink to cNcess; I can command myself; I have no fear of anv ■ 
bad effects." But will he believe it, or admit that he is not your equal 
in resolution? Will self4ove thus decide? Will not your example 
give confidence and cncour.agement in this self-relying coiuse of tem- 
perate drinking, which has been the smooth, worn path of thou.sands to 
a drunkartrs grave? 

The meeting was adjourned from the Methodist 
meeting-house (then on Union street) to the F'irst Parish 
meeting-house in the evening, when William Abbot, Esq., 
was chosen Chairman, and Rev. Joseph C. Lovejoy, 
Secretary. 

Rev. T. B. Ripley (Ba|)tist) spoke to a resolution e.\- 
pressing gratitude to the Almighty for tlie success which 
had attended the efforts of the American Temperance 
Society. He said that "|irevious to its 0|)erations our 
country was in a most de|)lorable situation. The history 
of the past exhibited a fearful and rapid progress of 
the evil, and our forebodings of the future were still 
more dreary." Some previous efforts had been made, 
but with little success: "It was at last discovered th.it 
nothing could be done without entire abstinence." 

From the best information the cotnmittee of that so- 
ciety had been able to obtain, "more than 1,500,000 
people in the United States now abstain from the use of 
ardent spirits, and from furnishing it for the use of others; 
there are more than 4,000 temperance societies, embrac- 
ing more than 500,000 members; more than 1,500 dis- 
tilleries have been stopped ; more than 4,000 merchants 
have ceased to traffic in it: and more than 4,500 drunkards 
ceased to use intoxicating drinks. There is reason to 
believe that 20,000 persons are now sober, who but for 
the temperance reformation would have been sots: 20,- 
000 families are in comfort who would have been in 



664 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



1 



poverty ; and 50,000 children saved from the blasting in- 
fluence of drunken parents.'' 

John Appleton, Esq. (now Chief Justice Appleton), 
spoke to this resolution : 

Resolved. That modL-rate drinking is the real and true cause of in- 
temperance, and should be so considered and treated by llie friends of 
temperance. 

He said : 

Drunkenness is supported by no one. The very sight of the drunk- 
ard is sufficient to disgust all who see him. He is looked upon by all as a 
criminal, loathed and avoided. But who made him a drunkard? From 
what class do drunkards come? From the temperate drinkers. Let 
no one who uses a little presume to say. "I am safe." Let him not 
in the fire of conscious strength say, "I shall never be moved." 
When he is warned of danger let him not say, ".Am I a dog that I 
should become a drunkard?" No one goes to ruin at once. No one 
can say, '• I can set bounds that I will not pass." Every drunkard 
has said this, and yet not one has kept his word. Temperate drinkers, 
these are the supporters of drunkenness, the very class from which the 
more daring and brave are promoted to the honors and titles and 
wounds and bruises, disgrace and death of drunkards; this is the path 
to glory in which all temperate drinkers are walking. I repeat it, 
moderate drinkers are the only efficient friends of intemperance. 

Rev. Mr. Husted (Methodist), to the resolution that 
the traffic in ardent spirits is a moral wrong, said if ardent 
spirits do evil, the conclusion follows that it is wrong to 
deal in them. " The fact was evident from looking into 
even one province of its ravages. Look at its desola- 
tions in the empire of mind." 

Rev. Professor Pond (Congregationalist) in seconding 
the resolution, said that he arose " not to re[)roach the 
dealer, but to expostulate with him." . . "Vou have 
seen the mischief it [rum] has done, and you know what 
it will do. Now if you not only suffer it to go but send 
it out, who, I beseech you, is to blame? .\re not you to 
blame ?" 

Rev. Mr. Pomroy (Congregationalist) in advocating 
the resolution said about forty stores now sold ardent 
spirits in Bangor; and the influence the traffic e.xerted 
upon the inhabitants of the county was very great and 
disastrous. 

Rev. J. C. Lovejoy (Congregationalist) presented a 
resolution that a committee of five be appointed to labor 
for three months in the cause of temperance in the 
county, and said that the American Congress in 1776 
resolved to carry on the war of the Revolution to save 
the country from tyranny, and "they conquered. A day 
of joyful triumph has ever since been kept. I trust the 
day will come when this anniversary shall be kept as a 
day of jubilee, a day of songs, of joy and grateful anthems 
of praise to God. But the war is yet for a long time to 
be carried on. We maj', if we will, banish the monster 
from our shores." 

The committee appointed were tlie Rev. J. C. Love- 
joy, Edward Kent, Esq., Rev. T. B. Ripley, and Rev. 
Mr. Husted. 

The Penobscot Mill-dam Company was organized and 
proceeded to bnild their dam and mills at McMahan's 
Falls for the manufacture of lumber. 

Albert G. Jevvett, Esq., had been appointed by the 
Governor and Council County Attorney for Penobscot. 
The tenure of the office was seven years. 

Bonds for the conveyance of timber-lands and house- 
lots had now become articles of speculation, and the 



demand for them was so great that the values of all kinds 
of real estate became so enormous as almost to craze the 
community. There were cool heads, but the many were 
engaged in making the country wealthy by giving fic- 
titious values to the manufacture or transfer of bonds for 
their conveyance for a certain sum within a fixed time. 
Men would make bonds of lands to which they had no 
title whatever, find purchasers, and run the risk of being 
required to make the conveyance. As these bonds were 
the subject of speculation, and not the lands, they would 
finally get into the hands of some one who neither could 
sell them again nor raise the money to pay for the lands, 
and they would expire in his possession. Sometimes the 
obligor, if possessed of means, would prepare himself 
for the emergency of conveying by afterwards getting a 
bond of the owner with the value of the lands fi.\ed at a 
far less sum than he was to be |)aid. Some actual sales 
were made under such contracts. 

But the poor people had heard so much in regard to 
large sums of money being made by " bonds " that 
much imposition was practiced. It is recorded that a 
conceited man of color was so impressed with the idea 
that his fortune was to come to him in this way that he 
was determined to be the possessor of a bond at some 
price. He found a person who was willing to aid him- 
This person — a wag — gave him a bond; and his bond 
was a bond — no more. The effect upon the obligee was 
astonishing. He conceived that he had a fortune, and he 
became very much excited and could not sleep. He 
could not comprehend why it should produce such a 
change in his feelings. He seemed to be beside iiim 
self, and finally disap]5eared altogether from the town. 

.'\nother speculator, who was a deacon of a church, 
became so involved in bond speculation that his pastor 
deemed it his duty to refer to the questionable character 
of the business. The deacon's reply was, " My dear sir, 
I would that that thou wast altogether such as I am, ex- 
ce|)t these bonds." The poor deacon, like St. Paul, had 
some bonds that did not affect him comfortably. 

General Isaac Hodsdon was this year reappointed 
Clerk of the Courts for Penobscot county. 

The Legislature passed acts to increase the capital stock 
of the Kenduskeag Bank. Bangor; to incorporate Bangor 
Savings Institution; to incorporate the Bangor and Pisca- 
taquis Railroad Company; additional act to incorporate 
Commercial Bank, Bangor; to incorporate Penobscot 
Stage Company; to incorporate Bangor & Pushaw Canal 
Company; to incorporate Bangor Insurance Company; 
to incorporate Penobscot Log Driving Company; to in- 
corporate Bangor House Proprietary; additional act to 
incorporate Panobscot Mill-dam Company; to regulate the 
survey of lumber in Penobscot county. 

On March 19 the Journal said: 

Our town, at tlie present moment, is overflowing with strangers. 
The taverns are filled, and it is with difficulty that those who come last 
can gel accommodations. In a list of about si.\ty arrivals at the Ex- 
change Coffee House, the last week, we find the names of gentlemen from 
New York, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and from 
all parts of the State. Some are here, we suppose, with a view to make 
their fortunes — others are intending to settle — and not a few are honor- 
able Legislators returning home. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



665 



At the annual town-meeting (iitli of March) Henry 
Call was elected Town Clerk; William Abbott, George 
\V. Brown and Rojal ("lark, Selectmen and 0\'erscers of 
llie Poor; Ford Whitman, Treasurer; William Rice, 
Harbor-master; Thornton McGaw, Town Agent; \Villiam 
Abbott, Benjamin Nourse, Joseph R. Lumhert, William 
Thompson, Andrew Webster, School Committee. 

The Bangor Fire and Marine Insurance Company was 
organized and on March 13 elected George W. Picker- 
ing, Amos Patten, Caleb C. Billings, James Crosby, 
Samuel Smith, Waldo T. Pierce, Ebenezer French, 
Thomas A. Hill, and Amos Davis, Directors. George 
W. Pickering was elected by the Directors, President. 

The committee of the Hammond Street Congrega- 
tional Society, John Godfrey, Thomas A. Hill, Levi 
Cram, Moses Patten, and Edmund Dole, gave notice 
that they would receive proposals for building a house of 
worship for the society until the ist day of April. 

The regular line of packets between Bangor and Bos- 
ton, at this time, consisted of schooners Free Trade, 
Madawaska, Albion, and Herald. 

The editor of the Journal was deliglited with Mr. 
Mouhhrop's paintings, and with sixteen wax figures on 
exhibition, representing Gibbs and Mourley, the pirates, 
the Salem murder, the Siamese twins, and advised all 
who desired to patronize the painter, as he would leave 
them soon; and as to the wax display, no one could "view 
them without deriving peculiar satisfaction." 

The Directors of the Bangor House Proprietary ad- 
vertised for proposals for building the Bangor House. 
They would be received until April 6th. The Directors 
were William Emerson, Moses Patten, Charles Thomas, 
Rufus Du'inel, and John Hodgdon. 

The Bangor Savings Bank and the Mercantile Bank 
were organized on the third day of Apiil. .'Xnios Patten 
was made President and Treasurer of the former, and 
Caleb C. Billings, George W. Pickering, Jacob McGaw, 
George Starrett, Henry Call, Thomas ]•'. Hatch, John 
Fiske, Thomas Drew, and Nathan B. Wiggin, Trustees. 
C. C. Billings, Thornton McGaw, Waldo T. Pierce, 
.\mos M. Roberts, Cyrus Goss, Willis Patten, and John 
Hodsdon were chosen Directors of the latter. 

The speculation in timber lands had become so ex- 
tensive, and the means resorted to by speculators to dis- 
pose of their lands had become so questionable, that 
the ])ens of the wits found ready em]5loynient. ,\ little 
paper appeared in Portland bearing the title, "The World 
in a Nutshell," and containing inforrnation "interesting to 
gentlemen of moderate fortunes who wish to double 
their capital in six months." 

"We" had been shown by the "Great Land Commit- 
tee" a plan of a tract of timber land situated on the 
coast of Norway, five hundred miles long and running 
back into the interior forty miles. Affidavits of the 
explorers (all of them gentlemen of the fiist resjject- 
ability from the county of Penobscot, in this State) rep- 
resenting that the strip was "divided by five navigable 
streams, having the best possible water fills flowing 
through the tract to the sea, at just a mile and a half dis- 
tant from each other; so that not a stick of timber can 
84 



require to be hauled more than three-quarters of a mile." 
We have never met any set of affidavits that, take them 
all in all, afforded us more satisfaction. The reporters 
are very explicit. They found each tract between the 
rivers contained large quantities of timber over and above 
any amount which can be expressed by figures. To 
avoid, therefore, all confusion in putting down their esti- 
mates, they only give the excess on each tract over the 
amount which cannot be immediately reckoned. This 
struck us as peculiarly ingenious and simple. Several 
enterprising gentlemen in Bangor have obtained a bond 
of this notable timber tract. It was understood that 
they would not sell at any price, and the intelligence 
threw the business part of the city into the greatest 
gloom, and a public meeting was pro|)osed to condemn 
their "monopolizing and sordid stand." \\'heretipon 
they gave up their first determination and i)ut two-thirds 
of the tract into the market. 

An adventure at this time is reported of a young resi- 
dent of Bangor, who was one night reluming from a visit 
to. his fair one. His route lay through tiniberland partly 
felled. Being in good spirits, he bounded over the fallen 
trees with alacrity until he found himself face to face with 
a ravenous bear. Springing to the nearest pine, he 
climbed up some distance. The bear pursued until he 
came within reach of our hero's feet. These did good 
service by dashing the animal to the ground. The bear 
returned, and, seizing one of his antagonist's legs, was 
again sent back with a boot in his arms ! While the bear 
was exercising his wits as to how he could circumvent his 
victim, the young man was climbing. When he had at- 
tained the height of about fifty feet the bear had out- 
climbed him, and again seized the last leg. In his eager- 
ness to enjoy his spoil, however, he became detached 
from the tree, and the leg being his only support, and the 
young man being so nearly exh.austed that he could hold 
on no longer, down both fell together. Foitunately the 
young man was on top, and least injured by the fall. The 
bear was dumbfounded, and the youngiman, taking ad- 
vantage of his confusion, rushed away and was glad 
enough to escape with the loss of a boot and his hat ! 
The effect of this adventure upon the mind of the lady 
was not unfavorable. There was a tinge of romance in 
it. The hero had been in imminent peril because of 
her. She could not be unkind. She was not. 

The ice left the Penobscot on the loth of April, and a 
large number of vessels arrived in jiort directly afterward, 
and the streets and wharves were filled with life and bus- 
iness activity. 

A "new translation of the Bible' at this time excited 
some comment. From specimens of the translation a 
I'avorable reception was not expected. " E.xcept a man 
be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God," was 
translated : " Indeed I assure you that except a man be 
reproduced lie cannot realize the reign of God." The 
transl.itor disposed of Judas in this manner : " Falling 
prostrate, a violent internal spasm ensued, and all his 
viscera were emitted." The editor of the Penobscot 
Journal gave assurances that he would not countenance 
any such translation. 



666 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



II 



William Abbott and Benjamin Nourse, the School 
Committee in charge of Districts i and 2, were alive 
to the importance of the constant, regular, and prompt 
attendance of pupils in the schools, and assuming that 
parents must also be aware of it, they earnestly requested 
them to see that their children were " sent to school 
daily, and at the hour appointed for opening the schools." 

Mr. Abel M. Quimby, who was President of the Ban- 
gor Academy for several years, was now teaching an 
"English High School" for both sexes. 

It was voted this year to raise $6,900 for highways, 
$2,500 for schools, $2,500 for town charges. 

Horses were prohibited from being left on Kenduskeag 
bridge without a keeper or driver, and from being hitched 
to the fences or posts therein. 

Bells were prohibited from being tolled at funerals. 

Driving faster than at the rate of five miles an hour 
was prohibited within half a mile of Kenduskeag Bridge. 

The votes in Bangor at the State election were for 
Governor; Daniel Goodenow, Whig, 467 votes; Robert 
P. Dunlap, Democrat, 466; Thomas A. Hill, Anti-Mason, 
30. For Representative to Congress, Gorham Parks, 
Democrat, 481; Ebenezer Hutchison, Whig, 445; Judah 
McLellan, Anti-Mason, 40. For Representative to Leg- 
islature, Henry Call, Republican, 481; John Sargent, Jr., 
Democrat, 408; Thomas F. Hatch, 40. 

In this year there had been much disorder. i\Iany 
laborers had come into the town who were recently from 
Ireland, and were seeking to earn a livelihood with the 
spade and mattock, and in any lawful way. There was 
need of such laborers, and they were employed. Among 
the American laborers of similar description there was a 
jealousy of these foreigners that bode^l anything but 
comfort to them when opportunity should offer for the 
manifestation of their ill-will. The opportunity came. 

One very dark evening, early in the business season, 
a mob of sailors from vessels moored off Carr's Wharf — 
at a place in the river where vessels lading with lumber 
were accustomed t« lie — conceiving that they had cause 
against the occupants, attacked a building upon that 
wharf with axes, hammers, crow-bars, fire, and whatever 
would enable them to render the building untenable. Of 
course the alarm was given, and a great crowd of won- 
dering people were soon gathered in the neighborhood 
of the scene; but, for some reason, no disposition 
appeared to be manifested to interfere with the work of 
destruction. The outside crowd became a compact 
mass of humanity without apparent purpose, swaying 
this way and that, drawing to itself every new comer 
and taking him in, willing or unwilling, and like an ava- 
lanche bearing down everything in its way. It had the 
power of locomotion, but seemed to be without sense 
and without self control. In vain did the owner of the 
building call for' help to save his property. "Will you 
see this building destroyed," he cried, "and is there no 
one who will aid me in saving it?" There was no re- 
sponse. Thecrowdwasas stolidas solid. It seemed to have 
neither pity nor other emotion — at least generous emo- 
tion. The only way to account for this is by the suppo- 
sition that the building was a nest for characters that 



ought not be tolerated in any locality. The sailors ac- 
complished their purpose. The morning light revealed 
a ruin with not an occupant. 

It would have been well, perhaps, if this had been the 
end. But when the mob spirit is once aroused, time is 
required to allay it. There was evidence, the next day, 
of a disposition among the bad elements of the town to 
indulge in general lawlessness. Captain Charles G. Bry- 
ant, a military leader in that day, felt it incumbent on 
him to prevent mischief, and gathered together such citi- 
zens as were willing to use fire-arms, if necessary, for the 
protection of life and property; and perhaps he did to 
some extent curb the wrong impulse of many hot-headed 
people, and save property from destruction. But there 
was a portion of the mob who would have their way, and 
do something Now came the opportunity of the haters 
of the Irish. It was not dilificult to turn the current 
against them, and night after night was made hideous by 
the tramping and howling of the mob in pursuit of these 
poor people; and many a terrified man, woman, and 
child was compelled to pass homeless and sleepless nights 
in order to feel secure against the violence of the pursu- 
ers. They were glad when they had escaped, even 
though they had not where to lay their heads. It was a 
period of general alarm, and the better class of citizens 
extemporized a watch and a patrol. Men on foot and 
on horseback passed through the streets and gave a feel- 
ing of security until the mob by its hootings and bowl- 
ings and mischievous performances had exhausted itself. 
When the calm came and there was an opportunity to 
reflect, there was a general feeling that some provision 
should be inade against future contingencies of this kind. 

At this time the voting jjopulation had become so nu- 
merous that the town meetings had become almost un- 
managable. In fact, it had become well-nigh impossible 
to transact the town business understandingly in them, and, 
with the prospect of still further increase of voters, it was 
felt that some provision must be made for the intelligent 
transaction of the public business in future, and for the 
protection of the polls. When this was considered in 
connection with the recent Lawless manifestation, the wis- 
dom of the town was exercised in devising a plan which 
would afford the public necessary security in the con- 
duct of municipal affairs and against mob violence. All 
plans were considered, and it was concluded that a city 
form of government, with a responsible head, under 
which the business could be transacted by delegates 
elected by the jieople from separate precincts, and a po- 
lice force composed of good and reliable men, and the 
power to enlarge it in case of emergency, would be the 
surest guarantee of safety. In pursuance of this view 
the Selectmen, on the i6th day of November, issued 
their wariant for calling a meeting of the inhabitants, to 
be held on the 23d of November, "to see if the Town 
will apply to the next Legislature for a Charter for a City 
Government." 

At this meeting Samuel Call presided as Moderator, 
and it was 

I'o/t-d, That the town do apply to tlie ne.xt Legislature for a Charter 
for a City Government. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



667 



I'oled, To choose a committee of nine to petition tlie Legislature for 
that purpose, and to publish the said petition, and to draft a bill and 
present thp same to the town for their acceptance at the adjournment of 
this meeting. 

CliDse, William Abbot, Royal Clark, George W. Brown. Amos Pat- 
ten, Ebenezer Frencii, Edward Kent, Willis Patten, Nathan B. Wiggin, 
and Charles G. Bryant, committee for the above purpose. 

After changing the name of Poplar street to E.xchange 
street the meeting adjourned to December 9. From 
that date the meeting was adjourned to December 14. 

At this adjournment a bill was presented. Each arti- 
cle was examined and discussed, and amended when it 
was thought necessary. The bill was not completed 
until another adjourned meeting held on the next Mon- 
day, December 16, when, after it had been fully CNam- 
ined and other alterations were made it was recommitted 
to the same committee "'with instiuctions to make a 
draft of the same, as amended, and to embody in the 
same the several laws to which reference is had in the 
bill, and vvhich are necessary to the proper understanding 
and construction of the same, and forward it to the next 
Legislature." 

This bill provided for the incorporation of the city of 
Bangor, lor its division into seven wards, for meetings of 
the voters in those wards in general elections, and for the 
election of an .Mderman from each ward — the whole to 
constitute a Board of Aldermen — and of three Council- 
men from each ward, the whole to constitute a Board of 
Common Council; and, at the same time for the election 
of a Mayor of the city. The Board, in joint convention 
with the Mayor, was to constitute the City Council, 
which was to elect the subordinate officers of the city. 

The bill also provided for a court and police, and con- 
ferred on the Mayor and .\ldermen, Common Council, 
Court, and all subordinate officers, such powers as would 
enable them to perform all the duties before devolving 
upon the town, and such other powers as were deemed 
important in providing for the security and safety, and 
well-being of the city and peo[)le. 



CHAPTER XXVTl. 



Bangor Incorporated a City— Divided Into Seven Wards— Election of 
Mayor, .■\ldermen, and Common Council— Parsons Elected President 
of the Council— Subordinate Officers— Steamboat Bangor— Portland 
Rifie Corps— Forty Delegates -Hammond Street Church Dedicated 
—James P. Kendall, the Bugler— Elms of Broadway— No Railway— 
Penobscot Freeman— Captain George Barker— Harpist— Second Tri- 
ennial of Mechanics' .Association- Toast in Rhyme— Politics— Editors 
Haynes & Upton— Dunlap &. Sprague, Candidates for Governor- 
Vote of Bangor— Henry Call Elected Represent.ative- Wliigs Com- 
plaint of Democrats— Duren's Library— Barker and Baker, Smgers— 
Packets— John Brighl—The Whig's Opinion— Captain Howes— An- 
thracite— Heterogeneous Bangor— Central Bridge— Bank Dividends 
and Stoqks— Forty Lawyers— Lamps— Indians-Soil in Houlton— 
Traffic in Ardent Spirits— Savings Bank— F. O.J. Smith Elected to 
Congress— Weston Chief Justice— Watch House— Rev. Jason Whit- 
man— Sager— Building in Bangor— Coombs's Common— Tenure of 
Judicial Office— Stumpage— Bangor a Wonder — Social Library— 
Bangor House Opened— Martin S. Wood— Death Penalty. 



1834. An act to incorporate the city of Bangor, em- 
bracing the provisions of the bill passed by the citizen's 
committee, was enacted February 12, 1S34, and was ac- 
cepted by the town on the 24th of the same month by a 
vote of 526 yeas to 1 18 nays. 

On the first day of March following the Selectmen, un- 
der the provisions of the act. divided the city into seven 
wards. 

On March 10 the voters assembled in their respective 
wards, and, after electing ward officers, cast their ballots 
for Mayor, Alderman, and three Common Councilmen. 

There was no choice of Mayor on this day. 

Allen Oilman received 406 votes, Isaac Hodsdon 363, 
and various citizens from one to nine each, aggregating 
sixty-eight. For a choice 418 were necessary. 

On March 17 there was another balloting, and Allen 
Oilman received 543 votes, Isaac Hodsdon 363, scatter- 
ing 13; necessary for a choice 460. 

Mr. Oilman, having been declared elected Mayor, was 
inaugurated, and the City Council was organized. 

The Aldermen were: Ward i, Asa Davis; Ward 2, 
Moses Patten; Ward 3, Samuel Call; Ward 4, John Wil- 
kins; Ward 5, John Fiske; Ward 6, John Brown; Ward 
7, Frederick Wingate. 

Council: Ward 1, .\bner Taylor, .\nthony Woodard, 
Solomon Parsons; Ward 2, Wiggins Hill, Timothy Cros- 
by, Jonathan C. Taylor: Ward 3, Oeorgc W. Pickering, 
Samuel Lowder, Elisha H. .Mien; Ward 4, John LeGro, 
Jr., Thomas Finson, Jose|ih .Abbot; Ward 5, George Wel- 
lington, Nathan B. Wiggin, Edward Kent; Ward 6, Paul 
R. Barker, Bradfoid Harlow, Messenger Fisher; Ward 7, 
Ebenezer French, 2d, Charles G. Bryant, Pliny D. Par- 
sons. Solomon Parsons was elected President of the 
Common Council. 

The principal subordinate officers elected by the City 
Council were: Charles Rice, City Clerk; James Crosby, 
Treasurer; Ebenezer French, Marshal; Edward Kent, 
Solicitor and Agent; Allen Gihnan, Street Commissioner; 
Benjamin Nourse, Edward Kent, -William Abbott, Pliny 
-D. Parsons, Joseph Abbot, Joshua P. Dickman, Eben- 
ezer French, 2d, School Committee; [onathan Cutting, 
John Fiske, Henry Call, Assessors; Amos Patten, Wil- 
liam Abbot, Rufus K. Gushing, Overseers of the Poor; 
Ebenezer French, Rufus K. Gushing, Bradford Harlow, 
Health Officers. 

As the provision in the Constitution for the election of 
civil officers by cities was not in existence until the fol- 
lowing year, the votes for Governor, Representatives to 
Congress, and other civil officers, weie this year cast by 
the jjeople as previously under the town organization. 

There was at this time a provision for the appoint- 
ment of a City Messenger and Constable, to which Mr. 
John Lancey was appointed. The office was not in ex- 
istence many years. 

Provision was made for a Municipal Court, with a 
Judge and Recorder. 

Hon. Charles Stetson was the first Judge of this court, 
and Reuben S. Prescott, Esq., Recorder. Hon. Samuel 
Farrar succeeded Judge Stetson, and Hon. John Mc- 
Donald succeeded Judge Farrar. 



668 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



During a portion of the time Judge Stetson held the 
office the financial situation of Bangor was very bad. 
The Recorder at times found it difficult and sometimes 
impossible to collect the fees ; and, in order to raise 
the money to pay the salaries, was obliged to resort to 
broker Warren and pay him five per cent, per month for it. 

On the 14th of July the new steamboat Bangor, 
George Barker captain, made an excursion to Castine 
and Belfast. This boat was a great improvement on the 
"Maine" that plied between Bangor and Portland ten 
year .before, which could only accomplish the distance 
between Bangor and Bucksport. in a day. The Bangor 
took nearly four hundred ladies and gentlemen to Cas- 
tine and Belfast and returned by si.x o'clock in the 
evening, made the circuit of nearly one hundred mile.=, 
including stoppages, in ten hours. Tickets for the ex- 
cursion and meals were $1.50. 

The Portland Rifle Corps, Captain Edward D. Preble, 
visited Bangor this month, and created quite a military 
furor among the young men. 

Forty-one Whigs of Bangor, on July 17, were ap- 
pointed delegates to a State convention at Augusta, on 
July 21, to nominate a candidate for Governor. At 
that convention Peleg Spraguc was nominated for that 
office. 

Hammond Street meeting-house was dedicated, and 
Rev. John Maliby was installed its pastor on July 
23d. This building had two wooden towers, with cupo- 
las. Its proportions were bad, and withal it was not an 
attractive, though a convenient structure. At the sale of 
the pews $4,000 were realized above their appraised 
value. 

The famous bugle-player, James P. Kendall, with the 
Boston Band, gave a concert at the First Baptist meeting- 
house, on the evening of July 20th. Admission 25 
cents. 

The elms on Broadway began to attract attention. 
"This," said a stranger to the editor of the Whig, "is the 
work of your Mayor. The city is indebted for this de- 
lightful exhibition to the individual whom you see stand- 
ing over the wdx, looking with an air of calm satisfaction 
on the result and progress of his labors — Mr. John Ham." 
The inquiries of the stranger afterward, and the replies 
of the editor, indicated soniethmg of the needs of the 
new city. "Where is the site of your market-house? 
What public squares are contempl.ited ? Where your 
public cemetery?" "Our city is hardly begun. No one 
can tell where to locate its public buildings and squares. 
We have a temporary matter of a Court-house over the 
way ; a sort of Mount Auburn several miles up the 
river, in the neighborhood of tl' mill-dam, near the 
probable centre of the city, where the railroad shall con- 
nect the line of steamboats from the St. Lawrence with 
those of the Penobscot." 

No railroad from Bangor was then contemplated; and 
if the ]\Iaine Central had been suggested, the idea would 
have been con.sidered Utopian; and such a construction 
as the European & North American Railway within the 
century would have been scouted as altogether visionar)'. 
We now can predict almost anything for Bangor within 



the twentieth century without provoking a doubt ; im- 
provements have been so wonderful in the nineteenth. 

The first number of the Penobscot Freeman, an 
anti-Masonic newspaper, edited by .-Vsa Walker, and pub- 
lished by Aaron Herrick, was issued August 7lh. 

Captain George Barker left the command on the 
steamer Bangor this month, and was succeeded by Sam- 
uel F. Howes. The friends of Captain Barker were 
greatly indignant at his being removed from the com- 
mand, as it was through his efforts that the vessel was 
built and put upon the route, and they had a meeting 
and chose a committee to investigate the causes of the 
removal. The committee reported that in their opinion 
he was removed without adequate cause, condemned the 
treatment he had been subjected to, and expressed their 
sympathy with him, whom they esteemed an "honorable 
man, a good citizen, and a gentleman." Then there was 
much complaint against the Directors for raising the fare 
from $6 to $7 between Bangor and Boston. 

Monsieur Canderbeck, a celebrated performer on the 
harp and violin, entertained the citizens with specimens 
of his playing on August 25. His performances were 
much applauded.' 

Plank sidewalks up the clay hills, in the streets and 
lanes, were recommended this year. 

The Mechanic Association held its second triennial 
festival on August 31. .'\n address was delivered by 
John S. Sayward, Esq., "which was replete with senti- 
"ments of patriotism and philanthropy, and fastened the 
attention of the audience for three-quarters of an hour." 
Mr. John Barker, of the Franklin House, prepared the 
dinner, which was pronounced "sumptuous and splendid." 
The eleventh regular toast was this: 

Our city and its prospective improvements: — 

May cvco' street 
Be clean and neat, 

And free from filth and swine; 
And, etch dark night, 
A buining light 

I n every corner shine. 

With no rude boys 
To make a noise, 

With boisterous mirth obrcene; 
Nor dirty shops 
To sell vile slops 

To swine, in shape of men. 

May all our laws 
Be free from flaws, 

\\\<\ executed well; 
And at our homes, 
Of bricks or stones. 

May great contentment dwell. 

So future days 

Shall channt the praise, 

In many a rhyming ditty — 
Of all the men 
Assembled 7uhcn 

We made the Ton-n a City I 

Mr. Edmund Dole called to mind the Hampden battle 
and the visit of the British by the following: 

"Twenty years ago: May our deliverance from the 
heavy gloom which then hung over us as 'prisoners of 
war' cause our hearts to ascend in gratitude to Him who 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



669 



has preserved us from calamity, and blessed us with 
prosperity." 

On the arrival of the steamer Bangor, from Boston, hav- 
ing on board the Representative — Hon. Gofham Parks 
— from Washington, there was a large gathering of the 
people. Among these were Wiiigs who felt aggrieved by 
the course of Mr. Parks in Congress, who, as they said, 
grossly misrepresented the interests of the whole country 
by his treatment of a memorial they had intrusted to him 
to^ present to Congress requesting a survey of a military 
road from the Kennebec waters to the Bangor line, had 
treated a respectful memorial with contempt, and had 
boasted of being elected by seventeen hundred majority. 
In the crowd, and doubtless among the Whigs, were un- 
mannerly people wl'io hissed, groaned, and taunted Mr. 
Parks by shouting "seventeen hundred majority ! '' This, 
of course, excited Mr. Parks and his political friends, 
and afforded them an opportunity to arraign the whole 
Whig party of the district for insulting and persecuting 
their member of Congress for expressing his convictions 
and acting in accordance therewith. 

Such demonstrations were disapproved by reflecting 
Whigs, whatever they may have thought of Mr. Parks's 
course, as impolitic, to say the least ; but the mischief 
was done and all the Whigs alike had to suffer the con- 
sequences. 

At the next election Mr. Parks was returned to Con- 
gress by an increased vote in Bangor, which was 577, 
while his vote at his first election was 481 against his 
competitor, Edward Hutchinson, which w-as 448. His 
competitor in 1S34, however, was Edward Kent, whose 
vote in Bangor was 873 against Paik's 577. 

The political campaign was conducted with great bit- 
terness this year. With Nathaniel Haynes conducting 
the Republican and Samuel Upton the Whig, and both 
ridiculing and blackening each other — the former calling 
the latter and his party Federalists — as if it were tlie most 
degrading of all epithets — and the Litter spelling the 
name of the former "CInat," and stigmatizing his party 
as Tories, they made their respective papers very uninter- 
esting, excepting to themselves and |iartisans as bitter as 
themselves. 

The candidate of the Democrats for Governor was 
Robert P. Dunlap; of the Whigs, Peleg Si)raguc. The 
Democratic candidate for Representative to Congress 
was Gorham Parks; of the Whigs, Edward Kent. 

The election occurred on September 8th, and the 
Democratic candidates were elected. 

The vote of Bangor for Sprague and Kent was S73 

each; for Dunlap 576, for Parks 577. In 1833 the vote 

of Bangor was, for the Whigs, 467; for the Democrats, 

466. The vote of other towns in the neighborhood of 

Bangor was: 

1834- i333- 

W. D. W. D. 

Brewer I34 '57 ^5 61 

Dutton [GlenburaJ 3° 93 9 43 

Hampden i68 232 65 125 

Hermon 14 '2' >° 99 

Orono [includ.ng Oldtonn] 347 4^3 . '33 =29 

Orrington 163 34 79 3^ 

Henry Call, Whig, was elected Representative from 



Bangor, over Thornton McGaw (Democrat), The- 
ophiUis Nickerson (Whig) from Orrington, etc , Samuel 
Coney (Democrat) Orono, Thomas Emery (Democrat) 
Hampden. 

Although the Whigs were defeated in Governor and 
Representative to C(mgrcss, yet they consoled themselves 
with the reflection that they had made "very flattering 
gains." 

In September the Directors of the steamer Bangor 
published their reasons for the dismissal of Captain 
Barker, saying they had paid him in full for his services, 
and " had good and sulficient reasons for discharging 
him." 

At this time the poets were abroad and " a sweet 
singer of Israel from the neighborhood of Bangor" in- 
spired some lover to perpetrate the following: 
Sarah, what sound seraphic raptsniy ear, 
Th.it heave.n's owa hiLiitanls might joy to liear? 
It is an angel voice from Iniman lips. 
Whence heavenly music inspiration sips. 
Sing on, my Fjir, since it to tliec is given 
On e.irth to prelude the harmonies of heaven. 

The Whigs complained much of the irregularities of 
the Democrats (Tories, as they called them) in the 
election. "In one town in this vicinity" they alleged, 
"where there were more voters than inhabitants, three 
persons were torn from their homes and their sick beds, 
and borne to the polls, who " within eight days afterward 
"passed to their long home." The Portland Advertiser 
said: "In the town of Hermon there were sixteen more 
votes thrown than there were voters," and it was a very 
current story, not denied, that in that town, on the votes 
being counted at one time, one or two Whig votes were 
found in the ballot-box, and one of the Selectmen, ap- 
parently astonished at seeing them, said they did not be- 
long in that box — got there by mistake — and threw them 
aside without counting them. 

Mr. E. Freeman Duren at this time established a cir- 
culating library at his bookstore. 

Messrs. Albert G. Barker, a tailor, and Benjamin F. 
Baker,* a carpenter, established a school for instruction 
in sacred music. The former was a fine tenor, and the 
latter a superior bass. They made quite a sensation by 
the excellence of their singing. 

The packets that at this lime plied between Bangor 
and Boston were the schooners Free Trade and .Mada- 
waska. 

Mr. John Bright was the conductor of a news-room. 

In the Bangor Temperance Society the subjects of es- 
tablishing a temperance society and of patronizing only 
such persons as did not use ardent spirits, were discussed. 

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Litilefield were teaching their 
Female High School, which was commenced. Mr. 
Stickney had charge of the Classical Department. Tui- 
tion for English, $5; French and Latin, one or both, $7. 

The Whig, in commenting upon a notice that Caleb 
Gushing was to lectuie before the Bangor Lyceum, won- 

* Mr. Baker afterward went to Boston and became a professor of 
music. He was verv popular and successful. Many years afterward 
he was employed to direct the Penobscot .Musical .Association repeated- 
ly. No bass voice for sweetness, smootlmess, and compass, was superior 
to his. 



670 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



dered if there was any such thing as a l)ccum in Ban- 
gor. Literature, it was of opinion, found its votaries 
here solely among the ladies and mechanics. It com- 
plained that it had not more followers; it could not have 
better. "Temperance and other irionil societies," it 
said, "may rudely stop the current of vice, while literary 
societies will gently and effectually turn it, by engaging 
the time and attention of many whose leisure would 
otherwise make them liable to be led astray." 

The friends of Captain S. H. Howes were much 
elated that the Steamer Bangor made a trip from Boston 
to Portland — wharf to wharf — in nine hours and twenty- 
six minutes. 

Anthracite was suggested by the Whig to be "an ex- 
cellent article for family or ofifice fuel,'' and might be 
found at Gerrish & Co.'s, in this city, "broken into a con- 
venient size and neatly packed in barrels." The Whig 
turthet suggested that it was erroneously called anthracite 
coal. 

Bangon received an occasional notice abroad. A cor- 
respondent of the Boston Transcript said : 

The society is heterogeneous. There is no csprif dc corps, or, perhaps. 
I may say, no genius loci — no Ban^orism. It is only -a collection of 
Yankee Ishniaelites — every mm fighting on his o%vn hook, and only 
mingling with his neighbors, or with some of them, accidentally, as he 
happens to find the capacity in them to help him push forward to-some 
enterprise in which he has taken or wishes to take stock — a canal to 
Rutland [Pushaw ?] Pond, or a railroad to Orono, or a new hotel, or a 
new meeting-house, or a new steamboat. The best hotel in the Stale, 
to say the least — a perfect Tremont — has been put up since I w.is here 
last year. So has one of the largest churches; so has a new biidge. 
The latter, by the way, is the most public-spirited thing of the kind I 
have seen— done by two merchants, Messrs. Smith. Private spirit 
abounds here, as well as elsewhere, so amply that it needs no record or 
eulogy; but an instance of a different character, so honorable as this, 
is too much one of the wonders of the times to be passed without a 
compliment. 

The bridge referred to was the Central, ne,\t above the 
Kenduskeag. It was built by Samuel and Edward 
Smith, merchants and bold speculators, who made and 
lost several fortunes, and at last died in distant parts of 
the country poor men. The bridge was a necessity, 
and probably a greater benefit to the public the time it 
was built, than to the builders. That it has been indis- 
pensable ever since, there can be no question. 

The hotel, of course, was the P>angor House, and the 
church the Hammond Street. 

John Hodsdon was Land Agent at this time, and 
offered for sale the interest of Maine and Massachusetts 
in Shad Island, Pine Island, and Island No. Si.x, and a 
ledge between Oldtown Island and Shad Island, reserv- 
ing the fishing privileges of the Penobscot Indians. 

Mr. Charles Taylor and Mr. Nahum H. Wood seveial- 
ly taught private select schools, in which pupils were in- 
structed in the higher branches. 

This was the hop year of Penobscot. On one day in 
October twenty loads, each averaging about fourteen 
bales, came into Bangor from the western part of the 
county. The quantity of this product excited surprise. 
The raising of it did not continue profitable, and it was 
abandoned. 

Three banks in the city made semi-annual dividends, 
October 6, as follow: 



Commercial, 5 per cent.; Kenduskeag, 4 per cent.; 
Mercantile, 4 per cent. Stock of these banks was pur- 
chased — of the Commercial, 294 shares, at$ii5 per share; 
80, at $120; 20, at $1 10; 35, at $112; 40, at $119; 20, 
at $13734 ; 5, at $150; Kenduskeag. no shares, at 
$110; Mercantile, 50. shares, at $110. 

The officers of the Commercial were Henry Warren, 
President; Samuel Smith, Amos Davis, John Fiske, and 
Thomas Burton, of Warren, Directors; Edward Richard- 
son, Cashier. 

There were forty lawyers in the city and one thousand 
cases upon the docket of the Court of Common Pleas 
alone. 

Lamps were placed at the corners of the most crowded 
streets this season. 

Every few years some interest was manifested in regard 
to the improvement of the Penobscot Indians. A cor- 
resjjondent of the Boston Courier gave his views, declar- 
ing that their religion — the Roman Catholic — never did 
and never would raise a peojjle from degradation ; that 
foreign priests, such as they had, could not benefit them; 
that they must be under New England teachers, who had 
a heart in the work, and referred to Rev. Mr. Wells, of 
Boston, as a man competent to do them good; that the 
Roman Catholic influence must be done away, for they 
could " never rise with the mill-stone weight of priest- 
craft about their necks. Never." He proceeds: 

They inhabit an island containing about three hundred acres of rich 
and productive soil — around it flow the waters of the broad and beau- 
tiful Penobscot. The country around is rapidly settling, and already 
two prosperous villages (I might add equal to some of the best in 
Massachusetts) encircle them within a stone's throw. .And look upon 
that island — not a single foot of earth upon it bears upon its bosom a 
cultivated plant — the rank and profitless weed grows around their 
wretched abodes — a fit emblem uf the neglected soil. I deny not that 
there is a church where they can kneel. I dispute not that they have a 
Latin mass and kiss a rosary or a small relic; I declare not that there is 
no school-house, where a few scholars may occasionally learn the veri- 
est trifle of knowledge. But I do say that nothing more has been 
effected. The Rev. Mr. Brewer, now a missionary in Greece, four or , 
five yeais since [twelve years] labored two months upon this island, but 
was compelled to leave on account of ill-health, and his influence was 
also counteracted by Roman influence, which is great, yet he did more 
than was ever done before, and many of the Indians became attached 
to him. 

The editor of the Whig was of opinion that the In- 
dians were incapable of improvement, and asked, "Is 
there any single tribe of the aborigines scattered over 
our broad territory which has made any- advances in 
improvement?" These Penobscots, "living in the midst 
of refinement, still retain their original distinctness — 
within sight of a beautiful and populous village, they 
still cling to their barren island and their filthy wigwams." 

He was "far from discouraging any plan that might 
tend to elevate their morals and happiness," yet he would 
not "have the Catholic influence over them done away 
by a law of the State. It is the religion of their fathers, 
the religion which Ralle taught them — let us leave them 
the enjoyment of that. It is true that their condition is 
miserable if there is not another world, yet, paradox 
though it seem, they are happy." 

Some one, not altogether prejudiced against the influ- 
ences controlling these Indians, suggested that last sum- 
mer a Protestant Indian preacher of the Marshpee 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



671 



tribe lectured in three of the churches in Bangor, and 
then visited Oldtown. On his return he stated pubHcly 
to a large assembly that "the condition of the Indians 
at Oldtown was infinitely better than that of his own 
tribe." The writer adds: "The Marshpee tribe, it is well 
known, is under Protestant influence. Now, would any 
Christian be willing to tear away from the Indians their 
beloved priest?"' 

This wiiter had not the ability to reconcile Protestants 
and Catholics. 

The corres]3ondent of the Tran5cri|)t does not appear 
to have been remarkably reliable. He stated that one 
firm in this city had fitted out eighty teams at an e.xpense 
of $16,000, and was corrected by the statement that the 
"real cost of outfits for such a number of teams would be 
about $240,000." 

The Directors of the Mercantile Bank were John 
Hodsdon (President), Cyrus Goss, Waldo T. Pierce, 
Amos M. Roberts, Willis Patten, Samuel \'eazie, Samuel 
Farrar (Cashier), Samuel Harris. 

The Directors of tl>e Kenduskeag Bank : John \\]\- 
kins (President), Joseph R. Lumbert, George W. Pick- 
ering, Abner Taylor (Cashier), Theodore S. Dodd. 

The discovery of bituminous coal in Hancock county 
was announced. Mr. McFarlane found a piece that 
would burn, and purchased the land upon which it was 
found. He then made an e.\cavation two or three feet 
deep, and found a quantity of coal which would ignite 
and burn freely on the flame of a candle being applied 
to it. It resembled Liverpool coal in its appearance and 
smell. 

The locality of this discovery is about three miles east- 
ward of the village of Bluehill, upon or in the region of 
the farm of Mr. James Means. The editor of the Han- 
cock .Advertiser said that no doubt could be entertained 
that, if coal existed in any quantity, it was the founda- 
tion of the quarry on that farm. The editor of the Ban- 
gor Whig said that he had seen a piece of the coal rep- 
resented to have been found in the place de.scribed, and 
it freely ignited in the fiame of a candle. 

The discovery does not appear to have been followed 
up. It is not improbable that among the throngs of 
mineral hunters about Bluehill, at some time there may 
be persons who will investigate the coal theory that Mr. 
McFarlane inaugurated. 

The fertility of the soil at Houlton began to be talked 
about. A correspondent .said: "A man who measures 
six feet in height relates that he has stood in his field of 
oats this season, and one of his neighbors has tied them 
in a knot over his head." 

The County Temperance Society, at a meeting in this 
city in October, took strong ground against the traffic in 
ardent spirits ; against the friends of temperance allow- 
ing them to be transported in their vessels or sold on 
their premises, or being partners in any concern that is 
connected with the traffic ; asserting that all laws sanc- 
tioning such traffic were moially wrong, had a destructive 
influence on public morals and national prosperity, and 
that, from facts before the community, the friends of 
temperance had reason to presume that what was sold in 



shops as wine was not wine, but an adulterated alcoholic 
mixture, and that they were bound by their pledge to ab 
stain from all such mixtures as drinks. Rev. Thomas 
Williams was President of this society, and E. Dudley 
and Albert G. Wakefield Secretaries. Teetotal ism had 
begun to be agitated. 

On October ist the Bangor Savings Institution, which 
commenced operation April 10, 1833, with Amos Patten, 
President; John Wilkins, T. A. Hili, James Ciosby, Vice- 
Presidents; George W. Pickering, Jacob McGaw, George 
Starrett, Thomas F. Hatch, John Fiske, Thomas Drew, 
Nathan B. Wiggin, and Benjamin Nourse, Trustees; and 
William Rice, Secretary, reported that the deposits had 
amounted to $1,998; interest, $37.15; amount with- 
drawn, $1,052. 

Francis O. J. Smith, Democrat, was elected Repre- 
sentative to Congress from Cumberland district ; George 
Evans, Whig, from Kennebec ; Gorham Parks, Demo- 
crat, Penobscot — his vote was 6,192 to Edward Kent's 
4,831, and 145 scattering; Leonard Jarvis, Democrat, 
Hancock, by 3,742 votes to Elijah L. Hamlin's 3,417, 
and 216 scattering. 

Nathan Weston, of Augusta, was appointed Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court, and Nicholas Emery, of 
Portland, Justice. Albert G. Wakefield, of Bangor, was 
admitted as an attorney. He formed a copartnership 
with William .A.bbot. 

The subject of a watch house was agitated. Will'atn 
Emerson, 2d, of the watch was getting great noto- 
riety for catching negroes. There was some difficulty in 
finding a place to put them. 

Rev. Jason Whitman commenced preaching before the 
Unitarian Society on October 29. 

Joseph J. Sager was convicted of the murder of his wife 
by poison, at Augusta. He was defended by Pcleg 
Sprague, whose argument occupied five hours, to which 
the large audience tliat filled Rev. Mr. Tappan's meet- 
ing-house gave breathless attention. " He raised all 
manner of doubts that human ingenuity could devise, 
and broke forth towards the close in a strain of the most 
impassionate and thrilhng eloquence, which melted every 
heart and moistened every eye, save those alone of the 
prisoner at the bar.'' Judge Parris charged the jury; 
Judge Weston pronounced the sentence of death. 
Nathan Clifford, .Attorney-General, and James VV. Brad- 
ford, County .\ttorney were counsel for the State. Fred 
erick Allen and George W. Bachelder were associated 
with Mr. Sprague in the defense. 

This year Bangor made rapid advances. The famous 
"land speculation," which commenced here and per- 
vaded the country, gave Bangor a start which made it 
famous. Above four hundred buildings were erected, 
among them a Roman Catholic church on Court street, 
and the Hammatl and Carr block on P'rench street. One 
of the Brookses, James or Erastus, gave this account of 
the town in his correspondence: 

Buildings are going up yet in all directions, not only in Bangor, but 
in the whole back country. The hotel is under good way, and will be 
opened in December or early in January. There is no n)islake about 
this building. The Tremont is as yet its only rival. The caip?ting 13 
going down; and judging from what I have seen and heard, it will Ijeas 



672 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



elegantly furnished as any hotel in America. It lias drawins; rooms, 
many elegant sitting rooms, a spacious dining room, bathing rooms, 
and as for the kitchen department, it is the hest I have ever seen— I 
dare say as good as that at the White House at Washington. The 
theatre-going people are talking of a the.itre. The people's ideas are 
.also as magnificent as ever. Projects innumerable are afloat, and many 
of them, I have no doubt, \yill be put mto execution. The activity, en- 
terprise, and facilities for business arc such in this region of the State, 
that, after all, there is but little exaggeration in what is said about it. 

The impoitance attached to the right of suffrage was 
illustrated by a young man who, the New York Advo- 
cate said, "had come from Bangor, Maine, solely for the 
purjjose of voting," and who voted in the Sixth Ward in 
that city. 

Among the projects proposed was one by Captain 
Pliilip Coombs, to relinquish to the city nine acres of land 
lying in the rear of Broadway, on condition that the ciiy 
should "at once enter upon and improve this land for 
the purpose of a public common, by surrounding it with 
double rows of trees, fenced in, with gravel walks between 
them, and citizens should purchase the lots in the com- 
mons for tlie purpose of erecting dwelling houses of brick, 
and not less than two stories high.'' 

The tenure of the judicial office, which was to the age 
of seventy years, was at tliis time attacked by the East- 
ern Republican and defended by the Whig. 

The subjects of a market-house and paving or macad- 
amizing the streets were discussed. 

In December the Bank of Bangor elected its officers: 
Samuel Veazie, President ; John Barker, James Crosby, 
George B. Moody, Samuel J. Foster, Directors; William 
P. Richardson, Cashier. 

I. Washburn, Jr., this year opened a law office in 
Orono. 

A good-natured, jolly lumberman called at a lawyer's 
office to settle a claim upon which he had been sued. 
On being told the amount of the debt he threw down the 
sum and said, "Now how much is the sliiinpage ?" 

The fame of Bangor reached New Orleans this year. 
The Bulletin thus remarked about it: 

The city of Rarigor, in the State of Maine, is among the Eastern 
wonders of the world. But a few years ago — a very few years — it was 
but a humble, unimportant villa.ge. In 1830 it had not a population of 
three thousand, we believe. Now it is supposed to have eight thou- 
sand inhabitants, and it is the second town in the State in population. 
But a short time ago the country all around was a wilderness. Now 
busy and ihiiving villages are opening up in all directions, and "the 
wilderness is blooming like the rose." 

A Social Library was opened, with five hundred vol- 
umes. A Lyceum and Debating Society was organized. 
Hon. Henry Warren (coimsellor at law) was President, 
Daniel T. Jewett Vice-President, William H. Foster Sec- 
retary, Solomon Parsons Treasurer 

The Bangor House was opened on Christmas evening 
by Martin G. Wood, projirietor, from Providence, with a 
sumptuous feast, which was partaken of by a throng of 
invited guests. Dr. Enoch Pond said grace. 

The subject of abolishing the death penalty for mur- 
der began to beagitated in the State. The Thomaston 
Republican started the discussion in opposition to the 
practice. The Bangor Whig defended it. 



CHAPTER XXVin. 

Fortification at Bucksport Narrows Agitated — Privations of Early 
Settlers — .Anecdote — Fire Department — Cold — Senator Sprague Ke- 

■ signs — .Apprentices' School — James Thomas's Plan — .'\boliticn of 
Court of Common Pleas .Agitated — Temperance Delegates — Theo- 
logical Seminary — "Mechanic and Farmer" — Religious Services 
for -Lumbermen — Death of William Hammond— Cyrus Hamlin — 
Jarvis's Challenge of F. O. J. Smith-^Ex-Governor Smith Re-ap- 
pointed Judge — More Banks Required — Debate on — Timber Land 
Speculations — Frauds — Lying Ceitificates — ' "Concus" — High School 
— Allen Oilman Re-elected Mayor — Temperance in the Hands of 
the Ladies — .\ Hoa.'C — McGaw, .Allen &■ Co — Rufus Dwinel and 
Renduskeag Bank — Complications about Sale of Township No. 3, 
Thirteenth Range — Temperance and Hon. Samuel M. Pond — Geo. B. 
Cheever — Broadway Park — Moose — The Lumbermen's Return — City 
Government — City Officers Elected — Baptist and Unitarian— Firm- 
bach's Concerts — Bangor& Oldtown Railroad — Eagle's Quill""Mung 
News" — Sewers and Side-walks — New Business Men — Poisoned 
Milk — "Castine" — The Legislature and Molasses— Cattle Suffering 
— Reservoir — Corban Society Organized — Concert — Baptist Organ — 
Oliver J. Shaw — Stillwater Canal— John J. Jerome — Steamer B.ingor 
— Small-po.'c — Land Speculators — Sale of Lands and Store Lots — 
Death of Benjamin Goodwin — Penobscot Freeman in Trouble — 
"Bangor Fever" — .Admissions to Supreme Judicial Court^Com- 
mission Merchants — Change in Bangoi — Death of Martin Kinsley- 
Concert — Meadow Brook Bridge— Granite Church — Whig .Sold by 
Rogers to Marchant & Smith — Comments on Bangor— Quarrel 
about Justice of the Peice Commissions — St. John's Church — D.iniel 
Webster 'Visits Bangor — Hops — Foreign Ai rivals — Bangor House 
Trouble — .Anti-Abolition Mob in Boston — New England Review on 
Maine — S. S. Soutlnvonh, Editor of the Whig — Trial of Spencer — 
Capital Punishment— Lieutenant Prentiss's Lecture — Various Mat- 
ters. 

1S35. The Bangor \Vhig again commenced agitation 
of the subject of a fortification at Bucksport Narrows at 
the incoming of this year. It s.iid "the most important . 
portion in the whole State, concentrating mote, and 
more important settlements than any other, with the 
most extended bay and noblest river, although nature 
herself had almost rendered it impregnable, and which 
needs but little aid from without, is left entirely unpro- 
tected." 

The early settlers of the rC2;ion above Bangor suffered 
from many privations, and thought they suffered from 
some tliat many people in this day would think fortunate 
jjrivations. An intelligent woman, who had been a 
teacher in one comniunity, and afterward a rnissionary 
among the Western Indians, when in Bangor this year 
gave some account of the beginning of that community 
twenty years before. 

Two men, with their wives, settled about a niile apart 
in the very depths of the forest, about sixty miles from 
Bangor, in the first or second decade of tlie century. 
Apprehending danger from Indians, I'rom wolves and 
wild beasts, they each |)rocured a horn to sound when 
assistance should be required. One of ihein, however, 
was ovevfond of another kind of 'horn,' in which he 
could not often indulge. One day the niore abstemious 
neighbor was taken ill at his work, arid went home, and 
put himself under tiie care of his wife. It was a cold, 
blustering day, and the good woman liad made a com- 
fortable fire, and just got her husband into a sweat and a 
comfortable doze before it, when they were startled by a 
blast of the horn. The good man sjjrang to his feet in 
an instant, and notwithstanding the protestations of his 
wife that it would be the "death of him," started off. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, 



673 



She would not suffer him to go alone, however; their 
neighbor must not fall a sacrifice to Indians or wolves, 
and they make no sign. Before they reached the house, 
they heard alarming vociferations, and hurried their pace. 
On entering the house, what a scene presented itself! 
There were the householder and his wife making the 
welkin ring over a jug of New England rum, which they 
had procured in some wonderful way, and after indulging 
sufficiently to make them happy, felt it their duty to blow 
the horn for their neighbors to come and fight that Indian 
with them I 

The Fire Department, although not e.\tensive, was 
pretty well managed. It was under Ebenezer French, 
Esq., Chief Engineer. He was a very efficient officer, 
and took pride in his position. A fire occurred in a 
building belonging to Messrs. Hinckley & Egery, foun- 
ders. Mr. French was there before the engines arrived, 
and pressing thirty or forty persons into the service, he 
piled tiie snow upon the fire so plentifully that the en- 
gines had little to do. Some one inquired if there was 
much danger. "Oh, no," was the reply, "Eben French 
put it out before the engines got there !" Whereupon 
the \\'hig enthusiastically remarked: "We have been 
near Mr. French on these occasions, and no Newfound- 
land dog is more at home in the water than this gentle- 
man appears to be in the midst of the raging element." 

Messrs. Hinckley & Egery received much commenda- 
tion for handsomely rewarding the city watchman who 
discovered the fire. 

Along the first days of January the cold was intense. 
The mercury at one time congealed. It was from forty 
to forty-two below zero. In Boston the harbor was 
frozen over below the fort. The Penobscot Bay was 
frozen over from Belfast to Castine. 

Peleg Sprague, United States Senator from Maine, re- 
signed his seat in Congress. 

The School Committee established a school in Jan- 
uary, exclusively for apprentices and boys. 

Captain James Thomas, tor whom Thomas's Hill was 
named, and wlio had once been the proprietor of it, was 
at this time in trouble about a plan of certain house-lots 
which he and Captain Charles Thomas, of the United 
States Army, had caused to be surveyed by General 
Joseph Treat, and sold in June, 1831. He went to 
Washington soon afterward, and on his return this year 
could neither find his plan nor a record of it, whereupon 
he made the complaint public that he had made arrange- 
ments with the United States Captain Thomas to have the 
plan lecorded: that he did not; that on calling upon him 
for it he said he had lent it to John C. Dexter, a purchaser 
of some of the lots; that he called on Dexter, and De.x- 
ter said he had lent it to Thomas F. Hatch, who was at 
one time an .Assessor of Bangor ; that he called on 
Hatch, and Hatch said he thought the Selectmen might 
have mislaid it among other town papers. He took this 
method to recover the plan and to let the purchasers 
of the lots know that if they had trouble about the lots in 
consequence of the loss of the plan, he was not in fault. 

The question of abolishing the Court of Common 
Pleas began to be agitated. Complaint was made of 



slowness of that very upright judge, Perham. There 
were one thousand or more actions upon the docket; his 
court had been in session from the 6th to the 22d of 
January, and had not disposed of one-sixth of the busi- 
ness! The Whig thought the abolition might make 
the system infinitely worse, but one thing was pretty 
sure, it "would strike at the foundation of the means of 
livelihood of the vast majority of those \vho call them- 
selves lawyers in our land. We mean the mere collectors 
of debts, by means of that instrument called a writ, who 
turn pale at the very sound of a defense, and who, creep- 
ing under the protection of a lawyer, shrinks into insignifi- 
cance when the action which he has brought into court 
resolves itself into a question of law," 

The following named gentlemen were appointed by the 
City Temperance Society delegates to attend the meet- 
ing of the State Temperance Society at Augusta on the 
4th of February: John Godfrey, James Crosby, Edward 
Kent, T. A. Hill, William D. Williamson, Henry Call, 
Joseph Brown, Amos Patten, Charles A. Stackpole, Do- 
minicus Parker, Joseph C. Lovejoy, John Ham, Joel 
Hills, Samuel Garnsey, J. .\. Poor, Jacob Drummond, 
Buchan Haskins, Zebulon S. Patten, John Fiske, John 
Barker, .4sa Walker, Jr., N. G. Norcross, J. R. Greenough, 
Thomas Drew, and Samuel Sylvester. 

The Theological Seminary had this year sixty-seven 
students — twenty-seven in the theological department and 
forty in the classical. 

The first number of the Mechanic and Farmer, a 
weekly newspaper, edited by John S. Sayward, made its 
appearance on the 6th of February. It was published in 
the interests of the mechanics and farmers of the city and 
region. 

On February 6th an initiatory meeting was held at the 
Baptist Chapel on Harlow street for the formation of a 
society to supply the lumbermen of the Penobscot Val- 
ley with religious services during the period they were in 
the woods in the lumbering season. It was called the 
Lumber Missionary Society. The committee of manage- 
ment were Rev. Thomas Curtis, Jacob McGaw, and Jo- 
seph W. Mason. Secretary Samuel (jarnsey, I'reasurer 
Oliver J. Shaw. 

William Hammond, an old citizen, originally from 
Newton, Massachusetts, died the first week in January at 
the age of sixty-three. 

On the 17th of February Cyrus Hamlin,* a student of 
the Theological Seminary, lectured upon " The erroneous 
views of past ages relative to Natural and Mechanical 
Philosophy." His lecture was highly complimented. 

The public was a little excited at this time by a report 
from Washington that Leonard Jarvis, Representative in 
Congress from the Washington District, challenged F. O. 
]. Smith, Representative from the Cumberland District, 
to fight a duel; that Smith declined to fight Jarvis be- 
cause " he considered Jarvis no gentleman." i'he bearer 
of the challenge, Lytle, of Ohio, in compliance with the 
code of the duel, challenged Smith, but Smith declined 



* Mr. Hamlin is now President of Middlebnry College. Has been 

President of a college in Turkey and a Profes.sor of the Bangor Theo- 
logical Seminary. 



674 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



on the ground that he had never injured Lytic; where- 
upon Mr. Jarvis posted F. O. J. Smith as " most emphat- 
ically a Liar, a Scoundrel, a Coward ;" and the effect was 
about like the "falling of water on a goose's back." 

Ex-Governor Samuel E. Smith was reappointed to the 
Judgeship of the Court of Common Pleas, from which 
he was taken for Governor, in place of John Ruggles, 
elected United States Senator. 

A great sale of timber lands was announced. It was 
considered remarkable that Township No. 3, Range 13, 
should have sold for $3.25 per acre. The purchasers 
were (it was said) Amos M. Roberts, William Emerson, 
and Isaac Farrar, all of Bangor. 

Applications were made to the Legislature this year 
for the charter of the Franklin (Eastern), Lafayette & 
People's Bank and the City Bank, in the city of Bangor. 
There was a seeming necessity for more currency in the 
city at this time. Speculators were here in large num- 
bers. Transactions in land were frequent and immense. 
A great hegira from all parts of the country was made 
intc Bangor. Business of all kinds had increased. Many 
had the reputation of having suddenly become wealthy. 
Many more were stimulated by this to make great efforts 
to become so. There was not money enough for the 
transaction of business. It was thought that that might 
be obtained through the incorporation of new banks; 
and perhaps some saw their way to wealth clear, through 
new banks which had no visible means of support. 

There were clear-headed men in the Legislature who 
well understood to what this increase of bank currency 
would lead. The Representative from Bangor, Mr. 
Henry Call, was not, however, one of these. He could 
not see any danger of overtrading in Bangor, or that ex- 
travagance particularly abounded there. 

But Messrs. Curtis, of Freedom, Barnard, Washburn, 
and Dumont, of Hallowell, were not under the influence 
of the excitement upon the Penobscot. In the debate, 
on motion of Mr. Curtis to jiostpone the fiuestion of in- 
corporating the City Bank until the 1st of July, Mr. 
Washburn thouglit there was a strong disposition at Ban- 
gor to overtrade and run into extravagance, which the 
business of the place could not support; that the dockets 
of the courts were evidence of this, which groaned under 
their burthens, the bills of cost being estimated at $100,- 
000 a year. People from that city had the modesty to 
ask to be allowed to issue bills of credit to the amount 
of $600,000 beyond what the existing banks might issue, 
and in two adjoining towns the privilege of issuing bills 
to the amount of $1150,000 was asked for, and if all were 
granted the banks in the county of Penobscot would 
have authority to issue bills to the amount of $1,350,000. 

Mr. Washburn then said that, with $50,000 in specie, 
the six banks reported for Penobscot county, with a cap- 
ital of $500,000, might be put in operation — only fifty 
per cent, in gold and silver to be paid in before discounts 
were permitted. They were not required to go into op- 
eration on the same day. The City Bank would give no- 
tice that fifty per centum of its capital must be paid in 
on Monday. The specie would be borrowed from the 
older banks in operation. On Monday "the committee 



appointed by the Governor and Council would count the 
money and make oath that fifty per centum of the capi- 
tal stock was actually paid in gold and silver. On Tues- 
day the same specie might find its way to the Franklin 
(Eastern) Bank, and the same farce begone through with 
there. On \Vednesday to the Lafayette Bank, on 
Thursday to the People's Bank, on Friday to the Penob- 
scot Bank, and on Saturday to the Stillwater Canal 
Bank." On Monday, perhaps, the specie would be on 
its way back to the banks from which it originally came. 

If every lawyer's office in Bangor were converted into 
a banking-house, it would not increase the wealth or cap- 
ital of the city. It might enable the lawyers to carry on 
"the business of shaving on a large scale;'' and there was 
reason to apprehend that the banks contributed to the 
multiplicity of suits. Discounts were made freely, busi- 
ness was overdone, the time of payment came, and the 
money had not come back with which to pay the banks. 
He referred to the Wiscasset Bank, where the inhabitants 
were running into the same extravagances they were run- 
ning into in Bangor, and to the losses that were sustained 
by the failure of that bank. He referred also to the 
Eastport Bank and the Castine Bank, which took great 
pains to circulate their bills in the country when they 
were about to fail, but would not undertake to say that 
their directors had anything to do with it. 

.\ll the banks were incorporated and put in operation; 
but not one of them, excepting the Franklin (or the East- 
ern), of which Amos M. Roberts was President, was in 
existence many years afterward. 

In the discussion above, Mr. Dumont, of Hallowell, 
explained how banks took extravagant interest. An ap- 
plicant for money must have it. His necessities 
were imperious. The bank had discounted to the extent 
of its ability, the director says, "but if you must have it, 
to oblige you I will let you have a draft on Boston at sixty 
days for 2^4 per cent.; but it will be a great damage to 
us to let you have the money even at that rate." 

In the winter of 1832-33 commenced the speculation 
in timber land, which resulted in fortunes to a few, but 
in disaster to many. Those lands had previously borne 
a very low price in the market. Some large sales at- 
tracted attention, and business men became satisfied that 
money was to be made in transactions in those lands. 
They discussed their value everywhere. .Amos Davis, 
Samuel .Smith, and other bold speculators, obtained the 
refusal of lands from the owners by bonds, in wfnich the 
owners contracted that if within such a time a certain 
sum — say a quarter of the sum required for the whole 
purchase — were paid in cash and security given by mort- 
gage of the premises for payment of the rest in one, two, 
three, and, perhaps, four years, a deed should be given. 
The lands were valued at from say twenty-five cents to a 
dollar an acre, and any quantity from one hundred acres 
to a township of 22,040 acres, excluding the one thou- 
sand acres reserved for school purposes, were thus 
bonded. The bonds were obtained by all sorts of oper- 
ators, who would get some sort of an estimate and plan 
by a pretended or actual surveyor or explorer, and go 
into the market and make a sale to some other specula- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



675 



tor lor a small advance per acre in cash. The purchaser 

would then go into the maiket and perhaps get a small 
advance also, or he miyht be disposed to make the pur- 
chase of the land ai tually for an investment. 

After the speculation got into full operation, there was 
great ingenuity exercised to effect sales. Men were em- 
ployed as explorers to make plans and descriptions of 
the lands. Surveyors of easy conscience, and pretended 
surveyors without any conscience, were employed in this 
business, and plans and descriptions, with the certificates 
of the explorers as to their correctness, showed fabulous 
i|uantities of the best qualities of timber upon tracts so 
well watered that the facilities for driving the timber to 
market were all that could be desired. Consequently 
there was a vast deal of swindling in the transactions at 
last. Such instances as the following were not unusual. 
.-\ gentleman made a purchase of a township which by 
the certificates of men in good standing appeared to con- 
tain more than 120,000,000 feet of pine timber. He 
sold it with his warranty that it contained twenty mil 
lions. The purchaser sued him on the warranty. He 
fell back uijon the explorer, expecting, ol course, to be 
sustained by his testimony, and took his deposition. 
This was its substance; 

" Is this your cerlifuate ? " 

"Ves." 

"Is it true that there is 120,000,000 of pine timber 
upon the townshi])." 

"No." 

" How much is there ?" 

" Perhaps there may be two millions." 

Finding that he had been swindled, he compromised 
with his purchaser by i)aying him $4,500. 

Men often could be found who had their prices, some 
very large, for these lying certificates, appaiently thinking 
there would be no crime in the transaction until it came 
to i^erjury, and probably not then were it not for the 
prison. 

Sometimes honest ex[)lorers were deceived in regard 
to the identity of the township, in some way being led 
to think they were ex|)loring on a certain number, when 
they were in fact exploring one of a different number. 

.\ dollar an acre for lands appears to be a trifling sum 
to s(jme men who are accustomed only to lands worth a 
bundled dollars and uijwards an acre; and when they are 
taken by a keen speculator upon a tract that he wishes 
to sell, they are made to see in its timber, its soil, it may 
be in its rocks even, ten times the value that is asked 
for it ind in the excitement of the time he feels that the 
$20,000 he has paid for a township on the head-waters 
of the Penobscot is invested in that which will make him 
a landed proprietor to be envied, with resources not likely- 
soon to be exhausted. 

This speculation in bonds in wild lands extended to 
bonds of building lots in the town. There was an intlux 
of population which few dreamed would subside. Of 
course they must have dwelling,and places where to erect 
them. Many undertook to make their fortunes out of 
nothing by obtaining bonds of large parcels, dividing 
them into small lots, and selling or giving bonds of them. 



One deacon of a church dealt largely in these bonds, and 
some of his envious neighbors, thinking that he was get- 
ting rich roo rapidly, intimated that he was not over- 
scrupulous in his representations, or, at any rate, that he 
was becoming altogether too much a lover of mammon. 
This having been reiterated to his pastor until he felt 
himself obliged to mention it to his deacon, he took oc- 
casion to allude to his transactions by way of inquiry. 

" Mr. Pomroy," said he, with a twinkle of the eye 
and in a tone of some solemnity, " I would that thou 
wert almost and altogether such as I am, except these 
bonds." 

Mr. Pomroy could not go on with the subject, and 
left his deacon to such satisfaction as he could gather 
from so wittily warping the words of St. Paul. 

One other genius had laid out a town in the suburbs 
of Bangor ; had his plans of streets and lots, and made 
sales to ignorant persons, who, when they came to occu- 
py, found the tract, to be sure, but the title to it had 
never passed to their enterprising grantor. 

But to return to the timber lands. Some were sold as 
high as $4 an acre, which had the appearance of being 
covered with excellent growths of timber. On being cut, 
however, this proved hollow, "concussy," rotten, and un- 
profitable. To the uninitiated all timber was fair. The 
initiated could soon tell worthless timber. A concussy 
knot was evidence to satisfy them. This knot was the 
root of a decayed limb. Exposed to the weather, its 
bark would fall oft"; it then gradually became rotten, the 
rot would penetrate to the heart of the tree and up and 
down it. Unprincipled speculators would gel seemingly 
sound logs out of many of these trees, and the fraud 
would not be detected until after the timber had passed 
through several hands and been subjected to the mill 
saw or the carpenter's axe. 

After the usual amount of deception and swindling 
attending such excitements, the people learned the un- 
profitableness of this kind of speculation, and some re- 
turned to their old occujjations, perhaps not wholly 
stripped of their means, but somewhat soberer and wiser. 
Some learned that it was not a sure road to fortune, some 
were ruined for life, and some, who never had any means 
or much brains, and had got it into their heads that they 
were somehow to be enriched if they could only get pos- 
session of a bond, on finding their capital on the bursting 
of the bubble exactly as it w'as before the inflation, threw 
up their hands in disgust, and went into the next most 
|)rofitable business — that of mourners for the loss of 
what they never had. 

This year the City ('ouncil by ordinance established a 
High School for the education of youth of both sexes. 

Hon. .-Mien Oilman was renominated for Mayor by the 
Whigs, against Levi Bradley, Democrat. In a vote of 
715 he was defeated at the first balloting by 82 scatter- 
ing on .March 10, but on the 17th he was elected by a 
vote of 408 in 762. 

The question of abstinence from all intoxicating li- 
quors was thoroughly discussed this year before large 
audiences in Hammond street vestry. The question of 
incorporating cider and strong beer into the pledge oc- 



676 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINfi. 






casioned most controversy, but invariably the vote was to 
include them. There was meeting after meeting, and 
after it had been decided over and over again, meetings 
were called for a reconsideration of the vote, and always 
with the same result. 

The ladies took the matter of temperance in hand, not 
as "women's rights women," but as "females of Ban- 
gor," and "P. V. McGaw and 758 others" sent a 
womanly petition to the Legislature, in which they said: 

We do not know how to approach Legislators because we have never 
presumed to interfere with political matters. We know that in such 
aifairs you are better judges than we. But many of us know how to 
approach husbands, whom we tenderly love, with entire confidence that 
the woes we feel or dread will be relieved, warded oft", or shared by us. 
Others of us have experienced the delight derived from leaning on the 
manly wisdom, dutiful affection of virtuous sons — others, too, have 
looked up to affectionate fathers for assistance, with a degree of confi- 
dence that can only be increased when we look to a hea\enly father — 
and many feel happy in the consideration that our brothers, by their 
noble viitues, will not only sustain the honor of their families but assist 
to perpetuate the honor and dignity of the State in which we have the 
pleasure to live. To such husbands, sons, fathers, and brothers we 
present this petition. 

They then entreated the Legislature to manifest their 
love of country, and affection for wives, mothers, sisters, 
and daughters by such enactments as will banish from 
our houses and our State the reproach and misery which 
the use of ardent spirits constantly imposes, not only 
upon its consumers, but upon their innocent children 
and friends. "The amount of woe," said they, "suf- 
fered from the tremendous scourge, intemperance, wc 
deem it unnecessary to spread out before you. Its deso- 
lations are manifest wherever you turn your eye. The 
best method of removing this calamity we leave to your 
superior wisdom." 

The temperance feeling at this time was so strong in the 
city that the enemies of the cause undertook to create a 
prejudice against it by posting notices calling on its 
friends to meet at a certain time and place to nominate 
a candidate for Mayor. The committees of the two 
temperance societies of the city felt it incumbent on them 
to give notice that "an enemy hath done this," in order 
to prevent "a false impression " and to defeat a scheme 
"to effect an unworthy object," and to denounce it as 
a hoa.\. 

Hoa.\ing was fashionable about this time. Some one 
wrote this note to the editor of the Washington Globe: 

Friend Bl.air : I enclose you $10 and wish you to send me e.\tra 
numbers of your Congressional Globe to this amount, to counteract the 

progress which the Whigs are making here. 

Yours, etc.. 

J0SHU.\ Cari'E.n'tek. 

Inclosed in this note was a $10 bill of the broken 
"Farmer's Exchange " bank. The extra Globes came, and 
the postmaster notified Carpenter that his Globes were ly- 
ing there idle, and at the same time Mr. Blair sent back 
the letter and bill. The famous Colonel Carper ter certi- 
fied on the back of the letter that it was a forgery. How 
the postmaster and the parties disposed of the Globes 
and the bill was not made public. 

A Youth's Temperance Society was organized. Ben- 
jamin Silsbee, President ; Allen Tupper, Vice-President ; 
Rufus Upton, Secretary; John M. Prince, Jr., Treasurer; 
Richard B. Thurston, H. G. O. Morison, R. L. Savage, 



and the President and Vice-President, c.x-otficio Com- 
mittee. 

On March 13 the law firm of McGaw, Allen & Poor 
was formed. Jacob McGaw, Frederick H. Allen, and 
John A. Poor were the partners. 

A difficulty occurred at this time between Mr. Rufus 
Dwinel and the Kenduskeag Bank. Mr. Dwinel was an 
enterprising merchant of remarkable temper and will. 
Because of a want of accotnniodation from the bank 
he made a war upon it and undertook to break it. 
It was thought that the war was neither a benefit to 
the bank, the public, nor Mr. Dwinel. He declared that 
the public had decided that the bank was the aggressor. 
He demanded an apology from the Directors, nothing 
more; admitted that the public had sustained an injury 
from the war, and said he should persist in his course 
unless the apology were made. 

Temporary sidewalks were suggested until brick walks 
could be had. They were a necessity. The soil of Ban- 
gor is clayey, and in wet weather the walking was bad in- 
deed. 

Notwithstanding the reported sale of Township No. 3, 
Range 13, to Amos M. Roberts, William Emerson, and 
Isaac Farrar, at $3.25 an acre, there was complaint that 
there was an improper manipulation regarding it in the 
Land office; that it was one of the best, if not the best, 
timbered townships in the Stale; that it had been fully 
explored and was run out into square-mile sections with 
the desire to accommodate small capitalists and practical 
lumbermen, but that it was disposed of much below its 
fair value to favorites through one Henry Warren, a per- 
son in the emjjloy of the Land Agent. 

The temperance movement had many enemies. Its 
advocates were sneered at, and sometimes insulted and 
abused. Hon. Samuel M. Pond, of Bucksport, a decided 
man and Secretary of the Maine Temperance Society, 
was happy that, at one time, his own village had become 
free of rum-selling stores and taverns; but there had been 
a reaction and bad men were in the ascendant in taverns 
and grogshops, and drunkenness became rampant. Mr. 
Pond, of course, was in disfavor. The rum lovers man- 
ifested their hate of the good man in scurrilous hand- 
bills, and by daubing on his law office the word Rum in 
large characters, thus really helping the reputation of Mr. 
Pond and disgracing their village. 

It was about this time that Rev. George B. Cheever 
and the publishers of the Salem Landmark were indicted 
for publishing the article "Deacon Giles's Distillery," and 
that those who assaulted Mr. Cheever were indicted. 

This year Mr. Ransom Clark conceived the project of 
Broadway Park. Mr. J. Prescott, civil engineer, m^de 
the plan. Lots were laid out around it and sold at good 
prices. The conditions were that the purchasers should 
build two-story brick houses. This not done, the lots 
were, many of them, sold for taxes, and the park contin- 
ued a common. 

In March two large moose were seen quietly traveling 
in the road near Orono, occasionally leaving it for the 
woods, but coming back to it in consequence of the 
great depth of snow. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



677 



' Here is a description from the Whig of the return of 
the lumber operators of the past winter to Bangor. It 
may be taken as a good general description of their return. 

The lumbermen are returning from iheirwinter quarters, and their de- 
parture is maiked by movements somewliat similar to tile breal<irig-up 
of a muster or ball. The cattle are brought down in dro%-e5 and car- 
ried away to be refitted by food and rest for employment another 
season. The weary teamsters, with long beards and tattered garments. 
are emerging from the depths of the forest again to breathe tlie atmos- 
phere of civilized life, after having been pent up through the dreary 
winter months, in the camps in the woods. It must be pleasure indeed 
for them to join their families again, and count their gains while ihev 
recount their hardships, 

In April the Penobscot Indians received this con- 
temptuous notice from the Whig: "The pleasant weather 
has brought down these drones, who may be seen in scat- 
tered groups along the streets. Their appearance m the 
spring is as much indicative of a change in the seasons 
as that of other hibernating animals. 

This month Ransom Clark, George B. Moody, and 
Edmund L. LeBreton advertised the lots on Broadway 
Park for sale, and Philip Coombs advertised the lots 
around the city common. 

The City Government this year was composed of 
-Mayor, .■VUen Gilman. 

Aldermen: Ward 1, Henry Call; Ward 2, -Moses Pat- 
ten: Ward 3, \Villiam .\bbot; Ward 4, John Wilkins; 
Waid 5, John Fiske; Wjrd 6, John Brown; Ward 7, 
Samuel Veazie. 

Common Council : Ward i, Charles Hayes, Jesse 
Wentworth, Rufus K. Cushing; Ward 2, John Barker, 
Jonathan C. Taylor, Timothy Crosby; W'ard 3, Henry 
A. Head, Edmund Dole, Samuel Garnsey; Ward 4, John 
Godfrey, John Sargent, John R. Greenough; Ward 5, 
Nathan B. \\'iggin, Edward Kent, .\bner R. Hallowell; 
Ward 6, Franklin Muzzy, Bradford Harlow, Horatio 
Beals; Ward 7, Samuel Sylvester, Charles Forbes, Mar- 
cena Johnson. 

.•\mong the subordinate otificers elected were: John 
S. Sayward, City Clerk; James Crosby, Treasurer; John 
Hain, Street Commissioner; William Emerson, second, City 
Marshal; Edward Kent, City Solicitor and Agent; John 
Lancey, Collector; John Lancey, City Constable and 
Messenger; James Crosby, George Starrett, Abner R. 
Hallowell, Assessors; Rufus K. Cushing, City Physician; 
.\mos Patten, William .Abbot, John Barker, Overseers of 
the Poor. 

The Bajjlist Society of Bangor held its services on 
Sunday, .April 25, in the Unitarian church. 

Mr. F. A. Firmbach, an accomplished musician, gave 
an instrumental concert of much merit to a Bangor 
audience. His instruments were the guitar, violin, and 
flute. He was assisted by the accomplished organist of 
the First Parish church, Mr. Oliver J. Shaw. Mr. Firm- 
bach sang one German song. His concert was highly 
complimented. 

In May the stock in the Bangor & Oldtown Railroad 
was partly taken. It was divided into one thousand 
shares, and it was thought that the cost of the road would 
be about $250,000. The company was organized July 
II, on a call by Rufus Dwinel, Ira Wadleigh, and Mil- 
ford P. Norton. 



I The land speculations in Maine had at this time filled 
the country with excitement. Men flocked here from 
all quarters. Glowmg accounts of fortunes acquired in 
an incredibly short space of time had been sent abroad. 
Communications in the newspapers were of the most ex- 
citing character and were read with avidity. 

A "Young -Men's Mutual Reform Society" was in 
operation at this time, holding its meetings in Hammond 
Street church vestry. 

The editor of the Whig deemed it important to an 
nounce that he was writing on May 14 with a quill taken 
from the wing of a grey eagle which had been recently 
shot at Buckspoit, by Mr. J. McLaughlin, at a distance 
of seventy yards, with a pistol the barrel of which was 
only si.x inches long. 

Mr. Henry P. Pratt, of the Calais Gazette, explained 
to the editor of the Bangor Courier the origin of the 
"Mung News," which occasioned great e.xcitement about 
this time. He called on a respectable merchant doing 
business in St. Stephen, and was assured by him that the 
brig "Mung" had arrived from Liverpool with goods for 
him, and that he had received a letter from a merchant 
at St. -Andrews, stating that the brig brought news that 
the French Chambers had dissolved without making an 
appropriation for the .American claim, and that he had no 
doubt of its correctness; but that the letter was "a base 
and infamous fabrication to enhance the value of English 
shipping at the e.Kpense of American interests." 

Mr. John Ham, Street Commissioner, on May 16 ad- 
vertised for two men who are acquainted with road- 
making, and "one man acquainted with the use of car- 
penters' tools, who will be employed in laying down sew- 
ers and plank sidewalks"! 

Mr. H. Manning, from New York, advertised that he 
would instruct "young ladies, misses, and masters in the 
accomplishments of dancing and waltzing gracefully," 
and that, " having long been impressed with the belief 
that attention to manners and morals should form an im- 
portant ]iart in the insttuctiun," ihe strictest attention 
would be paid to improve the " depoitment of the schol- 
ars." 

The freshet in the river was unusually high tlii-> seastjii. 
The booms were crowded with logs. The editor of the 
Whig said : "The dexterity of the drivers, as they are 
called, is really wonderful ; we saw a raft of limber, with 
four men upon it, pass through the breach in the mill- 
dam works yesterday, and it was a glorious sight .' — worth 
all the theatres, pantomimes, and exhibitions of art in 
Christendom " ! 

On May 20 C. & E. D. Godfrey opened a stock of 
dry goods at 28 Main street; and Samuel Sylvester and 
.Alexander Drummond.as "A. I)runimond& Co.," opened 
a stock of West India and domestic goods at the east end 
of Kenduskeag Bridge ; G. C. Cargill ..V Co. advertised 
" spirits and wines." 

It was found by iJr. Dickinson that some cases of sick- 
ness in town, thought to be occasioned by poison, had 
their origin in the milk of some cows that had eaten de- 
cayed vegetables. 

The editor of the \^'hig, on May 22, gave his knowl- 



67S 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



edge of Castine (St. Castin). He said that he was " a i 
nobleman [son of a nobleman] who commanded a regi- 
ment in the south of France [he did not]; was ordered 
to Quebec about 1690 [1665J; that, for some unknown 
cause, he came to Penobscot and " married two daugh- 
ters of Madockawance [one at a time, doubtless], over 
whom he exercised unlimited control. He constructed 
a fort upon the peninsula ; ' went to France about 17 12 
[1701], and carried with him 200,000 crowns. It is said 
that he took with him a daughter, who caused much ex- 
citement in his native country." 

Richard Thurston opened a commission, and S, C. 
Hemaw-ay a dry-goods store, on the 25th of May. 

The Portland Advertiser said that the last Maine Leg- 
islature consumed a hogshead of molasses ! 

The " cattle up country " were reported this spring as 
in a suffering condition — those that had not died — mere 
skeletons, meagre and so weak as scarcely to be able to 1 
get out to the grass, just starting. 

A reservoir was built this year near the First Parisli 
church, and another near Hammond Street church. 

The Corban Society was organized, to obtain a fund for 
the education of the indigent. 

A sacred concert wa.s given at the L'liitarian church on 
May 31. , 

The First Baptist society put a fine organ into their 
church, from which "rich volumes of sound" were elicited i 
by Mr. Oliver J. Shaw^, a master of the instrument. 

The Stillwater Canal, at Orono, was built. [ 

The Eastern Magazine, a monthly, edited by Mr. Car- 
ter, and published by John S. Carter, appeared in Jan- 
uary. 

John J. Jerome made his appearance in the commis- 
sion business this year. 

The steamer Bangor brought three hundred passen- : 
gers the first trip in June, and the hotels were more than , 
filled. ; 

There was one case of small-pox, not fatal, this season. 

The Bangor made an excursion to Belfast and Cas- 
tine on June 9. This vessel was thronged every trip 
with land speculators. One from Boston was the pur- 
chaser of the third or fourth bond of ihe same tract, and 
on discovering it, inquired if to sell several bonds to 
convey the same land at the same time accorded with 
the prevailing ethics of Bangor '. 'I'hat class of operators ; 
came from the West. 

At a State land .sale, by Head & I'lUsbury, at the Ban- 
gor House, on June lo. No. 6, ninth range, was sold in 
mile sections. Eighteen sections were sold. The mini- 
mum valuation of the pine was $3 'and spruce $1 per 
thousand. The eighteen sections contained 1 1,520 acres; i 
their minimum value,$43, 546. They sold for $108,796 — 
an advance over the minimum of $65,250. Ira Wad- 
leigh purchased nine sections; Samuel Smith four; Amos 
Davis three; and Jefferson Sinclair two. 

No. I, eighth range, was sold in quarters. Northeast 
quarter, containing 5,760 acres, put up at a minimum of 
$3 per acre, sold for $5; southeast quarter sold at $3.37 ; 
northwest at $4.08; southwest at $5.17, to Ira Wadleigh, 
Amos Davis, Milford P. Norton, and B. H. Cheever. ' 



West half of No. 5, ninth range, 11,520 acres, sold to Ira 
Wadleigh for $1.15 — minimum $1. 

Eleven store lots on Fore street sold for nearly $13,- 
000, which a few days before were purchased for $10,000. 

Benjamin Goodwin, a prominent citizen of Brewer, 
died June 10, of consumption, aged fortv-six. Mary 
Blake, wife of (leneral Blake, died on the 9th, aged sev- 
enty-three. 

The Penobscot Freeman, a newspaper published by 
Anson Herrick and edited by Asa Walker, Jr., as an 
anti-Masonic paper, got itself into trouble, first, by accept- 
ing the poetical effusion of some novice under the pre- 
tense that it was worthy of publication, and then ridicul- 
ing it, and next by praising Richard M. Johnson, the 
candidate of the Democrats for Vice-President, whom the 
Whigs called the "favorite of the atheists and agrarians." 

An out-of-the-State visitor wrote from Bangor, June 10, 
to the Boston Gazette that he defied any man to live in 
the atmosphere of Bangor twenty-four hours without be- 
ing infected with the prevailing fever. He would almost 
imperceptibly find himself the owner of jjart of a town- 
ship, and, with little or no effort, a purchaser could be 
found who would pay him a handsome advance. A re- 
markable feature of the speculation was that no one who 
participated in it lost money! Property to the amount 
of hundreds of thousands of dollars daily changed hands, 
and every successive purchaser realized a handsome 
profit. He could not jjrophecy how it would be in a 
twelve-month. 

At the law term of the Supreme Court, John Hodg- 
don, F'rederick H. Allen, E. G. Rawson, Augustus J. 
Brown, Enoch E. Brown, Charles Oilman, and Abraham 
Sanborn were admitted as counsellors; John E. Godfrey, 
Moses L. .Appleton, and Hannibal Hamlin as attorneys. 

D. Parker, William Cutler, and Charles A. Stackpole 
formed a copartnership as commission merchants, as 
Parker, Stackpole & Co., May 20. 

A correspondent of the Portland Advertiser wrote that 
every thing had changed in Bangor within eight or ten 
years. Where there was " a little, dirty, insignificant vil- 
lage, without character and without name, now stands 
Bangor, which lifts its head in (justly) anticipated great- 
ness, speaks of Boston and New York as sisters," and 
looks down upon lovely Portland as a country cousin. 
Eight years before it had but few brick buildings ; now it 
had long ranges of lot'ty stores, which had as much or 
more of a city air than anything in Portland. Then 
there was no communication witli the far East, except by 
a foot-path or batteau ; now there was a four-horse stage 
daily to Mattawamkeag, and three times a week to 
Houllon; then "a miserable, rickety, two-horse machine," 
which plied between Bangor and Oldtown, was succeeded 
by four and six-horse coaches inconstant communication 
between those places, and stock in a railroad was taken 
up and selling above par. When that road should be 
finished, a steamboat from Oldtown to the Mattawam- 
keag w^ould be wanted, " and indeed these down-easters 
already begin to talk about it, and with them to talk is 
generally to do." Locks and wing dams would not be 
necessary to improve the navigatifjn lor these people; 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



679 



they would be more likely to "get up a boat to run up all 
the falls and rajjids on the rOute like their own salmon." 
Surely thvy would do this if they could build an engine 
on the plan of the nervous system of one of the citizens 
(Sam Smith), "who is the very genius of locomotion in- 
carnate; he is here, there, everywhere, and nowhere all 
at the same time; breakfasts at home, dining at Port- 
land, and goes w-ithout his supper somewhere between 
Boston and New ^'ork, and before his clerk knows he 
has been absent, he returns, having sold out a concern 
just before it all goes over the dam together, and is ever 
"ripe for a trade," either to sell every thing he has got, 
or to buy any thing anybody else has to sell ; a real, 
double-distilled Yankee, with eye-teeth all sound, where 
everv movement seems to say, "Go ahead." He did not 
know whether |je first regarded the motto, " Be sure 
you're right.'' 

Meadow Brook bridge, on Harlow street, this year was 
built of stone and earth, under the supervision of John 
Fiske, Esq. .\ substantial and economical, because 
permanent, bridge. 

On June 20th Hon. Martin Rinsley, of Hampden, 
died at K.o.\bury, at the age of eighty-one. He was an 
ardent \\'hig in the Revolution ; was a member of the 
Constitutional Convention of Massachusetts; was after- 
wards a Representative, Senator, Councillor, Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas in Maine, and Representa- 
tive in Congress, and was Judge of Probate in Penobscot 
county at the age of seventy, when he was barred by his 
age from holding it longer. 

ludge Kinsley was born in Bridgwater, Massachusetts, 
June 2, 1754, "of very respectable parents." The very 
ingenious Dr. .\pollos Kinsley, of Hartford, Connecticut, 
was his brother. With the patrimony received from his 
father's estate he pursued the college course in Harvard, 
then commenced the study of medicine, but abandoned 
it f jr trade and jiolitics. He was a citizen of Hardwick, 
VV'orcester county. When a member of the Constitutional 
Convention. He voted against the Massachusetts Con 
stitution because of defects that were afterwards remedied, 
but supported it cordially after its adoption. He was a 
member of the General Court almost constantly from 
either Hardwick or Hampden, in w^hich latter place he 
resided for more than thirty years towards the close of 
his life. 

He was fond of literature, and produced some speci- 
mens of poetry which were published and received with 
favor. He was benevolent and sympathizing — sustained 
the claims of the soldiers of the Revolution- voted 
against slavery, and for the encouragement of domestic 
industry. He was hospitable, of kindly manners, genial, 
with a fine flow of spirits, enlivening his conversation 
with anecdotes. After the close of his business career 
he united with the Baptist church in Hampden, at the 
same time assuming the obligation of thorough temjjer- 
ance, which he made a part of his Christian profession. 
His daughter — a beautiful woman — became the wife of 
Samuel J. Gardner, Esq., of Roxbury, Massachusetts, at 
whose house he died. 

Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, and Miss Woodw^ard and Mr. 



Comer, of Boston, on the ist of July regaled our citi- 
zens at City Hall with a very pleasant concert. "Hark! 
.\pollo Strikes the Lyre," "On the Margin of Fair 
Zurich's Waters,' "The Sea," " Pretty Polly Hopkins," 
"Chouch and Crow," "Master and Scholar," "Mr. 
Punchinello," were among the pieces performed. Miss 
Woodward was delightful in "Fair Zurich," and Comer, 
although />ass( as to voice, was as fresh as ever in his 
old fun. 

Isaac S. Whitman, Nathan B. Wiggin, John A. 
French, Edward Kent, and Eben French caused William 
.\bbott, Esq., to call a meeting to organize a company to 
build a church on the east side of the Kenduskeag. 
This was to be a church for a second Unitarian society, 
on Broadway, of granite. It did not get as far as the 
corner-stone. 

Shaw & Merrill had their furniture warehouse at No. 
8 Mercantile Block. 

On September 21st William E. P. Rogers sold out his 
interest in the Whig and Courier to Gamaliel Marchant 
and Jacob C. Smith. Messrs. Upton — father and son — re- 
tired from the editorship, and Mr. Marchant assumed the 
conduct of the paper. 

Bangor was still the subject of comment abroad. .A 
visitor sent the Boston Courier his views. There was not 
perhaps another place in our vast country "which has so 
completely outstripped all anticipations by its rapid 
growth," nor one that will in any way compare with it in 
"the astonishing accumulation of fortunes within a few- 
years." Men with nothing but industry and enter])rise 
had made large fortunes in a single year. "As you go 
out into the midst of the busy and driving population, 
and look upon the bustle, industry, and enterprise which 
prevail everywhere, you can think of no other description 
than that ' Bangor is New York in miniature.' Rows of 
brick stores are going up; public and private edifices are 
erecting, but the builders were rather capricious in their 
architectural taste." There were all sorts of orders and 
disorders, and very many of the buildings were arranged 
in "admirable disorder." The taste, however, was im- 
proving. People are here from everywhere. "They do 
not know each other," he says, "nor do they meddle with 
each other's matters at all. Strangers, when they come 
here, continue strangers to a great extent in every rela- 
tion of life. Nine chances out of ten, when you ride 
into this city and inquire ' for some gentleman who has 
been doing business here for years, if you don't have 
your patience pretty much used up by the universal reply, 
that 'I don't know such a man," It was a matter of 
gratulation among newcomers that they had got into a 
place where the citizens did not meddle with each other's 
matters at all. " A state of society," they said, " of all 
others the most desirable, and the only one which a ra- 
tional man can enjoy." Commenting upon these views 
the enthusiastic editor of the Whig said, " The time will 
come, and that, too, on the right side of fifty years, when 
Bangor in size, character, architectural taste, and general 
importance will equal, if not rival, Boston." 

James Crosby, Stephen S. Crosby, liinothy Crosby, 
and Horen Mitchell asked the Legislature to set off that 



68o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



part of lot thirty-four lying in Hampden, to Bangor, 
where the other part lay. 

A drill of military companies in the street on Septem- 
ber 24th was highly complimented. There were several: 
those particularly noticed were "a corps of juvenile in- 
fantry," and a rifle corps under Capt. Samuel P. Dutton. 

A curious controversy arose in regard to a Justice of 
the Peace commission. Henry Warren, of Palmyra, ap- 
plied for such a commission, and Henry Warren, a "lot- 
tery-ticket vender," of Bangor, got possession of a com- 
mission which the friends of the Palmyra Henry said was 
his They charged that the Bangor Henry refused to 
give it up when informed that it belonged to the other 
Henry, and therefore did not behave honorably. So all 
thought. 

The grading of the streets of Bangor was m progress 
at this time. Paving was suggested, and that would 
"probably be accomplished all in good time."* 

The Belfast Journal was enthusiastic about a railroad 
from Quebec, the Atlantic terminus of which would be at 
Belfast. Colonel Long had made a reconnoissance by 
way of Carritunk Falls, and found that the greatest ele- 
vation would not exceed two-thirds of a degree in half a 
mile. 

Some excitement was occasioned by the report of the 
murder of one Samuel Perry, of China, a drover, near 
the "Pumpkin Tavern." Peleg and Francis Hathorn, 
and Jeremiah Legg, were before the Municipal Court on 
a charge of murdering him, and were discharged for want 
of evidence; and well they might have been, for Perry 
afterwards turned up unmurdered in Massachusetts, al- 
though the .Mdermen offered $100 for the apprehension 
of the murderer. 

Charles Hayes, Leonard ^L^rch, M. P. Norton, R. M. 
N. Smyth, .\llen Haines, and Ransom Clark induced 
Jonas Cutting, Esq., to issue his warrant for the purpose 
of incorporating them as a parish, "agreeably to the 
Canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United 
States." The society was organized, and stock was 
presently taken up for "St. John's Church." 

Dr. Shaw established himself in Bangor as a dentist. 

On the 25th of September Daniel Webster visited Ban- 
gor on business. .\t this time his reputation as an orator 
and statesman was at its height, and the people were 
anxious to see and hear him. A public meeting was held, 
and John Wilkins, Henry Hall, Moses Patten, Jacob 
McGaw, Edward Rent, Samuel J. Foster, Isaac S. Whit- 
man, Waldo T. Pierce, N. B. Wiggin, E. H. Allen, Wil- 
liam Abbot, Henry Warren, and M. P. Norton, were ap- 
pointed a committee to invite him to partake of a public 
dinner. 

He accepted the invitation, and the dinner was given 
to him at the Bangor House on Tuesday, the 28th of 
September. "Edward Kent, Esq., presided with great 
ability, and was ably assisted by Messrs. Henry Call, 
Elisha H. Allen, Henry Warren, John Wilkins, and 
James Crosby, Esqs." 

.\fter several sentiments were disposed of, Jacob Mc- 
Gaw, Esq., responded to a call for a sentiment. He 

•The first street paving in Bangor was in 1881, on Exchange street. 



said that "few men live to middle age and participate 
in all the great transactions of the times without being 
exposed to the just censure of the public. But there 
are some persons who, from deep moral principles 
and deliberate consideration, added to exalted native 
powers, properly disciplined, who live above the reach 
of just rebuke, though not above the mean attacks of 
malignity and envy. This day this numerous assembly 
beholds and delights to honor a man of this description;" 
that he inherited "from a father who fought for the liber- 
ties of his country that pure spirit which filled the patriots 
of the American Revolution." Those principles had 
now become part of the man. " He now stands without 
a compeer in our nation. Clustering honors now come 
thick upon him, but have not had the effect to lull to 
apathy in the lap of indulgence the feelipgs and the ener- 
gies of this man — on the contrary, the present visit toj 
Maine gives evidence that he has no wishes other than' 
to be a workingman, and traveling to do good to his fel- j 
low man." (He was in the State attending court, and! 
engaged in a suit at law. His name was at the head ofl 
the columns of the Whig as a candidate for the Presi- 
dency). Mr. McGaw gave as a sentiment : 

"Our distinguished guest — Hon. Daniel Webster." 
This disposed of, Eiisha H. Allen, Esq., arose "in be- 
half of the multitude about the house" who wished to 
hear Mr. Webster. Whereupon he was conducted to 
the balcony and addressed the assembled thousands. He 
said, after thanking the company for their manifestations 
of regard : 

Having occasion to come into the .State on professional business, 1 
have gladly availed myself of the opportunity to visit this city, the 
growing magnitude and importance of which have recently attracted so 
much general notice. I am ha ppv to say that I see around me ample 
proofs of the correctness of those favorable representations which have 
gone abroad. Your city, gentlemen, has undoubtedly experienced an 
extraordinary growth; and it is a growth, I think, which there is reason 
to hope is not unnatural, or greatly disproportionate to the eminent ad- 
vantages of the place. It so happened, that, at an early period of my 
life, I came to this spot, attracted by that favorable position which the 
shghtest glance on the map must satisfy every one that it occupies. It 
is near the head of tide-water, on a river which brings to it from the 
sea a volume of water equal to the demands of the largest vessel of 
war, and whose branches, uniting here from great distances above, 
traverse in their course extensive tracts now covered with valuable pro- 
ductions of the forest, and capable, most of them, of profitable agri- 
cultural culti\'ation. But at the period I speak of the time had not 
come for the proper development and display of these advantages. 
Neither the place nor the country were then ready. A long course of 
commercial restriction and embargo and a foreign war were not to be 
gone through before the local advantages of such a spot could be ex- 
hibited or enjoyed, or the country could be in a condition to create an 
active demand for its main products. 

1 believe some twelve or twenty houses were all that Bangor could 
enumerate when I was in it before; and I remember to have crossed 
tile stream which now divides your locality on some floating logs, for 
the purpose of visiting a former friend and neighbor* who had just 
settled here, a gentleman always most respectable and now venerable 
for his age and his character, whom 1 have great pleasure in seeing 
among you to-day in the enjoyment of health and happiness. 

It r> quite obvious, gentlemen, that while the local advantages of a 

* Luke Wilder. Esq. Mr. Webster had great regard for this gentle- 
man, and suggested that if there were an artist here he would like to 
have his portrait painted at his {Mr. Webster's) expense. Mr. McGa^\■ 
procured the services of Jeremiah P. Hardy, Esq., a promising young 
artist, to paint the portrait; but Mr. Webster, with his characteristic 
. disregard <f! personal financial matters, neglected to pay for or take the 
portr.iit, and it was left upon Mr. McGaw's hands. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



681 



noble river and a large surrounding country may be justly considered 
as the original spring of llie present prosperity of the city, the current 
of lliis prosperity has, nevertheless, been put in motion, enlarged and 
impelled.'by the general progress of improvement and growth of wealth 
throughout the whole country. 

At the period of my former visit there was. of course, neither railroad, 
nor steamboat, nor canal to favor communication: nor do I recollect 
that any public or stage-coach came within fifty miles of the town. 

Mr. Webster then spoke of internal improvement, the 
objects of the Constitution of the United States, and 
matters of polity, occupying perhai)s half an hoin-, and 
closing with- 

There are some things, however, whicli the countrv cannot stand. It 
cannot stand any shock to civil liberty or any disruption of the L'nion. 
Should either of these happen, the vessel of the State will have no lon- 
ger either steerage or motion. She will lie on the billows helpless and 
hopeless, the scorn and contempt of all enemies of free institutions, and 
an object of indescribable grief to all their friends. 

And he gave this sentiment; 

"Civil Liberty : Its only security is in constitutional 
restraint on political power." 

.After the party returned to the table, the president, Mr. 
Kent, responded to a call for a sentiment. He said that 
we this day enjoyed an opportunity that we had long de- 
sired, that of offering "a simple, but sincere and honest, 
expression of our respect for the virtues, our admiration 
of the talents, and our gratitude for the services of our il- 
lustrious guest. Disregarding all externals, we offer our 
tribute to t/ie man. Some men shine by borrowed or re- 
flected light; some depend for their power and brilliancy 
upon their position; change that and they sink into their 
original obscurity; there are other minds like the sun 
that shine on in their own inherent and inexhaustible 
light, which, although it may sometim-es be obscured by 
the mists and fogs that float in the low and dark places 
of the earth at an immeasurable distance beneath, still 
shining in its own calm and exalted sphere, and will soon 
dissipate the low-born and earthly vapors. While we 
hope the American people will select this man of our 
choice for Chief Magistrate of the Nation, wc feel that 
this is not required to place him in the front ranks of 
men. This station he has already won single-handed 
and alone. This station is his individual property by 
right of conquest, and from it he cannot be driven. It 
was assigned to him by the .-Vmerican people after that 
memorable contest when he upheld by his single arm the 
ark of the Constitution, when those to whose custody it 
was entrusted faltered or fled. I give you — 

"Our Guest; If his enemies can succeed in prevent- 
ing his being President of the United States, they never 
can prevent his being Daniel Webster." 

The report says: "This eloquent speech of .Mr. Kent 
was received with the greatest approbation, and the ef- 
fort was equally creditable to the head and heart of its 
author; that "the festivities of the day passed off in the 
most brilliant manner ; all were delighted," "and Mr. 
Webster received indisputable assurance that he pos- 
sessed the hearts and hands of the people of Bangor." 

Mr. Nichols, the ventriloquist, made his appearance 
in Bangor about this time and amused the people. 

E. T. Coolidge opened a singing-school. Mr. Wiley, 
from Dover, New Hampshire, also gave instruction in 
the same accomplishment, 

S6 



Mr. Harding, the talented artist from Boston, visited 
Bangor for the jjurpose of painting portraits. 

And Mr. S. B. Page came into town in order to aid 
our citizens in the improvement of their oratorical 
powers. 

The steamer Independence, Captain S. H. Howes, 
arrived at this port on the 8th of October. 

Samuel A. Hale, -Asa Walker, Jr., and John E. Patten 
were admitted to practice as attorneys and counsellors in 
the Court of Common Pleas. 

Fifty thousand dollars' worth of hops were received 
from the adjacent country within a few days in Septem- 
ber and October. 

On October 10 Lord Kosslyn, Colonel Dundas, and 
Captain Stewart, of the British Royal (iuard, arrived at 
the Bangor House and left the next morning for Halifax. 
On the 4th they had a spree in New York with the Mar- 
quis uf Waterford, broke windows, etc., and were com- 
mitted to the watch-house, where they spent the night. 

Bangor was not at this time favored with many side- 
walks. Complaint was made that in wet weather it was 
difficult to get up and down Harmon street hill ; the 
Street Commissioner was appealed to for a few planks at 
the side of the street by "a mother with nine cTiildren 
and no chance to send them to school." 

The Mayor having offered a reward of $300 for the 
dead body of Penny, who was supposed to have been 
murdered, one Henry Stone, of Boston, brought the 
live body of Penny to Bangor, with the belief that the 
reward was for body. Finding his mistake Mr. Stone ac- 
cused the city government of injustice in not paying 
him, and appealed to the citizens to pay his expenses, 

Martin S. Wood, the lessee of the Bangor House, was 
requested by the Directors to surrender the house to 
them. Com[)laints had been made in regard to the 
management of the hotel. Mr. Wood then addressed 
the public. He said that he was induced to leave the 
City Hotel, Providence, Rhode Island, which "was 
esteemed and celebrated as one of the most splendid 
houses on this side of the .Atlantic — made so by his 
efforts- -and take a lease of the Bangor House, which he 
did in June, 1834, and went into possession January i, 
1835; that the winter business was hard; that with the 
spring came a vast influx of strangers from almost every 
section of the United States, and with this great patron- 
age came "all the difficulties incident to an overflowing 
business;" that all went on smoothly until July or .Au- 
gust, when some one, dissatisfied with his bill, wrote to 
the Boston papers denouncing the house as "an irregular 
concern," and accusing Wood " of charging three cents 
for a common sheet of paper," when the fact was that the 
gentleman had a sheet of jiaper that cost two cents and 
a quill that cost two more, and he was charged with sta- 
tionery as is usual; that this charge and others equally 
groundless were "swallowed with avidity b;' the Direc- 
tors," who in the middle of September asked him to 
leave, which he said he was willing to do if they would 
buy his stock of wines and groceries and pay him $6,000 
for his unexpired lease; that this jiroposition was rejected 
for the alleged reasons that he had violated the lease by 



683 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



keeping an irregular house and altering the fixtures, and 
that there was no lease, or rather, it was void because it 
had been signed by only Riifus Dwinel — an original 
director who had quit his "unmanly associates" and sold 
his interest in the house; that he was'then threatened 
with being "tumbled into the street," and deputy Sheiiff" 
Higgins, armed with a "resolution of the Board voting 
his ejectment," came into the house and presented it; 
that he (Wood) informed him that he should not regard 
it, whereupon lie retired after telling him that his backers 
had an armed force of laboring men, who would compel 
him to leave; that he stood his ground and should until 
there was a legal adjudication; that one cause of the 
complaint of the Directors was that he would not dismiss 
from his house several intelligent ladies and gentlemen 
of spotless reputation, who had been "assailed by unpro- 
voked scandal," but that he had not kept an irregular 
house, and a "majority of the travelling pubUc would 
sustain him in the avowal that the Bangor House has 
been kept by me in a style of elegance and sumptuous- 
ness that is not surpassed by any hotel in the country;" 
that every artifice that malignity could invent had been 
resorted to to keep him down. His creditors had been 
advised to rush in with their demands; but he met them; 
the Directors who boarded at his house trusted themselves 
to keep him out of his pay; and that, notwithstandmg all, 
he remained in possession of the house October 9, and 
it would be conducted with the same ability and zeal 
"that had before distinguished it." 
^ The first regular meeting of the Lyceum was held on 

the evening of Octobei 20, and a lecture on the Drarna 
was delivered by Francis H. Upton. 

A view of Bangor, drawn by Wallace and lithographed 
by Pendleton, was offered for sale this month (October). 

Mr. Hooper, from Boston, opened a dancing school. 

T. S. Harthorn opened a cigar manufactory on Ex- 
change street, at the "sign of the Indian chief" 

"Free Trade" was the name of the packet that at this 
time plied between Bangor and Boston; McGrath, mas- 
ter. 

On October 21a hand-bill was posted in Boston an- 
nouncing that "that infamous foreign scoundrel, Thomp- 
son," would Iiold forth that afternoon at the Liberator 
office; that it would be a fair ooportunity to "snake him 
out;" it would be a contest between the Abolitionists 
and the friends of the Union; that $100 had been raised 
to reward the individual who should "first lay violent 
hands on him, so that he may be brought to the tar- 
kettle before dark." 

A mob appeared; George Thompson did not. The 
Mayor asked the mob to disperse ; they did not, but 
raised a cry for Garrison, the editor of the Liberator, and 
finding him in a carpenter's shop in Wilson's lane, where 
he had gone for safety, the crowd were proceeding with 
him towards the tar-kettle, when be was rescued by the 
Mayor and hurried off to Seventh street gaol for safe- 
keeping. That mob of gentlemen (?) did not hear the 
last of that while they were living. 

On the day of the mob in Boston four hundred Aboli- 
tion delegates assembled in one of the churches in 



Utica, New York, and were attacked by a mob of a^J 
thousand persons, who, with fire-hooks, ladders, an(WI 
ropes, proceeded to demolish the building. The delegates 
were together about half an hour, in which time they or- 
ganized a State society, and adopted a constitution. On 
being disturbed, they adjourned to a neighboring house 
to finish their business, and were followed by a mob 
headed by Haydon, the first judge of the county, and 
Beardsley, a member of Congress, determined to inter- 
rupt the proceedings. 

Of the railroad to Augusta the Whig said: "Chimerical 
as the project may appear, it is nevertheless certain that 
the subject is now fairly before the public, and is receiv- 
ing a great deal of attention from men able to complete 
the undertaking." 

About this time the Thompson excitement having 
reached Bangor, there was a public meeting at the City 
Hall, to give to such as desired an opportunity to vent 
their indignation against George Thompson and the 
Abolition movement general))'. Mr. McGaw, Mr. 
Jewett, Captain Samuel Lowder, and Samuel Upton, Esq., 
made characteristic speeches. The tone was anti-Thomp- 
son, anti-Abohtion, anti-"silly-women," and pro-slavery. 
Some of the speakers were cheered to the echo. Mr. 
Thompson did not make his appearance. But some- 
how the Abolition mill kept grinding, notwithstanding 
the meeting, and probably a majority of the actors in 
the course of time were drawn into the hopper, and 
came out in the end "original Abolitionists." 

The New England Review, in its notice of Maine at 
this time, says: 

Tile princip.ll tributaries of the Penobscot are the Metawamkeag, 
Sabscahegan, Madunkunk, Kenduskeag, etc., which water an e.vtensive 
tract of country. At the head of tide-water, si.sty miles from the At- 
lantic, and thirty from the head of Penobscot Bay. is the city of Rangor, 
which is the natural centre, and must be the depot of its productions 
and most of its exchange? 

Timber is the great staple commodity of the State. The quantity 
manufactured is astonishing. Boards are assorted into four qualities, 
and number from one to four. The present prices at Bangor are No. i, 
$2300 per thousand; No. 2, $20.00; No. 3, $13.00; No. 4. $8.00. 
Shingles are of two qualities, i and 2. The present prices of the 
former is $4.00, and the latter, $3. 50. 

Tne speculation in Maine lands is not mere humbug or moonshine. 
It is a regular business transaction, and as easily stated in profit and 
loss account as any transaction whatever. If you ever think of making 
your fortune in buying Eastern lands, let us give you a hint which will 
be of service to you — be more careful about the quantity of timber and 
the facilities for getting it off than the price of the land. Poor lands 
aie always sold for more than they are worth, and good lands for much 
less than their intrinsic value. 

S. S. Southwortli was at this time editor of the Whig 
and Courier. 

Mr. Ford commenced a series of lectures on astronomy 
Noveinber 4th. 

The county road through Hermon, Newburg, and 
Dixmont was completed about this time and made the 
main stage road. 

The trial of Isaac Spencer for the murder of Reuben 
McPhetres commenced on November 5th, before the 
Supreme Judicial Court, in the Baptist meeting-house. 
Chief Justice Weston and Judge Emery presided ; Al- 
bert G. Jewett, County Attorney, and Nathan Clifford, 
Attorney-General, appeared in behalf of the State, and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



683 



Jonathan P. Rogeis and t-x-Judge Mellen for the pris- 
oner; and as the occasion was extraordinary, General 
Hodsdon, the Clerk, appeared in small clothes. The 
galleries were occupied by the ladies. The trial occu- 
pied three days. The verdict was guilty. The prisoner 
was sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted 
to imprisonment for life. There was a question in re- 
gard to his sanity or moral responsibility. He after- 
ward became a maniac, and died in prison. 

The "old Town Pump" that had stood "time out of 
mind '' in Mercantile Square, was removed this year. 

The Maine Anti-Slavery Society hcTd a meeting at 
Brunswick on October 2Sth. Sixteen persons, ten of 
whom were clergymen, took part in the proceedings. 
Rev. Messrs. Pomroy, of Bangor; Lewis, nf Brewer: and 
Thornton, of Winthrop, were of the number. 

One thousand men were at work on the Bangor & 
Oldtown Railroad. 

Daniel P. Woud advertised boots .and shoes for sale 
at the corner of Main and Hammond streets, and George 
K.. Jewett & Co. advertised dry goads, groceries, and 
hardware at 7 Main street. 

This year the information was received that the Vigi- 
lance Committee, Parish of East Feliciana, Louisiana, 
offered a reward of $50,000 for the delivery to them of 
" the notorious abolitionist, .Arthur Tappan, of New 
York." 

Abner Kneeland was convicted of blasphemy, in Bos- 
ton, on the fourth trial. 

T. A. & J. C. White advertised woolen goods at 16 
Main street. 

On November nth Mr. S. S. Southworth, editor of 
the Whig, in a note apologizing for his absence, remarked 
that "he entertained the most profound respect for the 
people of Bangor and the patrons of the Whig and 
Courier." 

The Portland Advertiser suggested the idea of steam 
communication between England and Boston by way of 
Bangor. The Whig said "we shall be satisfied with noth- 
ing short of a railroad from the British Dominions 
through this city to Boston." 

In this year the subject of the abolition of capital 
punishment was agitated in the State. At the session of 
tiie Legislature in 1835 '^ joint select committee made 
a lengthy report on a memorial of the Friends of Vassal- 
boro for the abolition of the death penalty, which was 
published in the Daily Whig and Courier of November 
23, 1835, i'l which the committee professed to be con- 
vinced of the truth of the following propositions: 

First — The Scripture imposes no obligation for tlie 
continuance of capital punishment. 

Second — The spirit of the Gospel clearly forbids any 
punishment based on a spirit of revenge. 

Third — Government has no moral right to take life 
unless the public safety clearly demands it. 

Fourth — The [jublic safety in this State does not de- 
mand it in a time of peace. 

They, therefore, reported a bill in conformity there- 
with, except in cases of treason which, after three several 
readings was referred to the next Legislature. 



A concert of sacred music was given at the Methodist 
church, at the corner of Union and Independent streets, 
on Wednesday evening, November 25th, under the direc- 
tion of Samuel Eastman, Esq. The programme em- 
braced sixteen pieces, the last of which was the " Grand 
Hallelujah Chorus." 

Captain W. S. Hunter and Master W. S. Hunter gave a 
concert of vocal and instrumental music at Smith's Hall 
on the same evening. • 

A Bangor man proposed this year that Maine and 
Massachusetts appropriate public lands for a fund for a 
railroad from Mattawamkeag to the boundary, to meet a 
line of railroad and steamboat communication through 
the Provinces, \\4iich was to connect with aline of British 
• packets which it was supposed "the British Government 
contemplated establishing between Canso and the West 
of Ireland. This enthusiastic Bangorean thought that the 
consequence of the establishment of this line of travel 
would be to "fix a great amount of manufacturing capital 
in Maine." J^oreigners who were landed at New York 
would take this route, and would "see much to invite 
them to stop and settle" in Maine. 

Dr. F. P. Theobald, M. D., established himself in 
Bangor. 

November 271b, John S. Sayward delivered a lecture 
before the Mechanic Association on the "Cause, Ten- 
dency, and Cure of Radical Oijinions." 

Josepli Bryant removed fiom Castine to Bangor, and 
established himself as a general commission merchant 
this month. 

The extensive luniber house of Cram, Dutton & Co. 
assigned to Waldo T. Pierce and Samuel Smith for the 
benefit of their creditors. 

Jacob Drummond and seven others prepared a law to 
prohibit the running of any lumber down Kenduskeag 
Stream more than twenty-eight feet in length. Mr. Drum- 
mond was the proprietor of the tower mills on the 
Stream. 

Ephraim Moulton advertised a large stock of groceries, 
among which were liquors of all kinds. 

The Bangor Temperance Association was in vigorous 
operation. 

The "City High School" went into operation this 
year. 

The anti-slavery agitation was increasing. Dr. Dem- 
ming wrote an essay against slavery. Governor McDufifie, 
of South Carolina, in his annual message denounced this 
agitation in the Northern States, and enlarged upon the 
horrors of amalgamation. " Domestic slavery," he said, 
" instead of being a political evil, is the corner-stone of 
our republican edifice." 

The Fuel Society to relieve the destitute was organized 
December 12. Executive Committee: Moses Patten, Dr. 
R. K. Cushing, Edmund Dole, John R. Greenough, 
Uenjamin Nourse, John Ham, Joseph W. Mason. 

Mount Hope Cemetery Corporation was organized. 

Joshua Abbe and Hollis Bowman established them- 
selves in the English, domestic, and West India goods 
business this month. 

Lieutenant Henry E. Prentiss, late of the United 



684 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



States Army, lectured before the Lyceum on " Our Means 
of National Defense.'' He thought our navy dispropor- 
tioned to the wants of our commerce, and our army 
of 6,000 men inadequate to our necessities, com- 
posed, as it was, of tlie most worthless foreigners and 
few Americans. Our fortifications were rather for show 
than use. The Military Academy was highly useful. 
The military pre-eminence of the nation was not desirable. 
We must be "content to yield the laurel to more despotic 
governments." 

December 17th Reuben R. Stetson married Charlotte 
T. Herrick, daughter of General Jedediah Herrick, all of 
Hampden. 

Cyrus Emery, Isaiah Stetson, and George Stetson con- 
nected themselves in business this month as Emery, Stet- 
son & Company. 

The news reached Bangor of the great fire of Wall 
street, New York, that destroyed property to the amount 
of fourteen or twenty millions of dollars. The cold was 
so e.xtreme that the firemen could scarcely \\iork, and the 
hose froze rapidly; consequently it was impossible to 
arrest the flames except by blowing up buildings with 
gunpowder. 

December 23d. The l^yteum discussed the " expedi- 
ency of the course pursued by the .XboHtionists." 

The Theological Seminary this year procured a sub- 
scription of $100,000 for its permanent endowment. 
The misfortune was that but a small part of it was realized. 
Philip Coombs, Esq., of Bangor, subscribed $16,666.66. 

General William Henry Harrison's name was used liy 
the Whigs in connection witii the Presidency. John 
Tyler was named for the \'ice- Presidency. 

The Eastern Magazine, edited by Mr. Carter, had a 
respectable position among the periodicals. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 

Washington Monument Meeting — Sleigh-ride .Accident — juvenile Con- 
cert — Temperance .Association — First .Steam-mill — Teachers' Associa- 
tion — Steamer Bangor — "Bangorean" — School Grievance — New Post- 
office — Market-house Project — Judge Stetson — Soldiers from Houlton 
— Temperance Hotel — Lyceuin Debate — Universalis! Meeting-house 
Contemplated — Second Unitarian Meeting-house Contemplated — 
Cyrus Hamlin's Address — Bay Frozen — Amos M. Roberts Nomi- 
nated for .Mayor — Edward Kent Nominated — Peter Kdes — Receipts 
and Expenditures in 1835-36 — City Government — Bangor House 
Difficulty — Business— Orphan Asylum — ^J. P. Hardy — Wooden Build, 
ings — Fire Department — Surplus Revenue — Sale of Lands and Per- 
mits — Mt. Hope Cemetery Dedicated — State Bank Proposed — Ben- 
jamin Bussey, Esq., and Bells — Bank War — Bank Difficulty — Globe 
Bank — Rotation in Office — Theatre — Money Pressure — Bangor, a 
Homily — Market-house — Lyceum — Captain Luke Wilder — Carpen- 
ter's Receipt — Credit System — License Laws — Death of Nathaniel 
Haynes — Deposit Banks. 

1836. A meeting was held January 2, at which the 
Mayor, Allen Gilman, presided, John A. Poor being Sec- 
retary, in behalf of the Washington National Monument 



Association. A resolution offered by Thomas A Hill 
declared that it was reserved to this generation " to ex- 
press and perpetuate our patriotic sense of obligation to 
the immortal Washington by a monument that shall en- 
dure to the end of t-ime,'' and a resolution was offered by 
Edward Kent commending the object to "our fellow-citi- 
zens," and a committee of fourteen was appointed to as- 
sist in advancing the objects of the association. The 
monument was commenced and many thousand dollars 
expended upon it, then it rested until 1874, when it was 
suggested that the materials be removed to some other 
locality. The structure was declared an abortion. 

On New- Year's day a party with thirty sleighs went to 
Frankfort. Near the bridge in Hampden one of the 
horses became frightened, upset the sleigh, ran off the 
bank, and was killed. The sleigh w\as destroyed. The 
gentleman and lady escaped with their lives. 

On January 7 there was a juvenile concert at Ham- 
mond Street church, under the direction of E. T. Cool- 
idge, the organist of that church. The class was highly 
complimented. 

The Bangor Temperance Association was actively en- 
gaged in collecting facts in relation to the use of intoxi- 
cating liquors. The members of this association were 
pledged against the use of all intoxicating liquors, cider 
included. The resistance to the inclusion of cider in the 
pledge was long and obstinate. Many evenings were de 
voted to the discussion of the question, and as often as the 
question was brought to the vote — as it was many times 
in different foims — it was decided in favor of cider being 
embraced in the jjledge by large majorities. 

The first steam saw-mill ever erected on the banks of 
the Penobscot River was commenced last year at Turtle 
Head Cove in Hampden, by a company of Bangor and 
New York gentlemen. It was this year in full operation 
and a success. Mr. Haren Mitchell commenced erect- 
ing one this year about a mile this side of that, and just 
below the Bangor and Hampden line. 

The "Penobscot Association of Teachers and Friends 
of Popular Education " was organized in January at 
East Corinth. Martin Snell, President; E. G. Carpenter 
and A. Sanborn, Secretaries. 

This year the steamer Bangor ran to and from Port- 
land, and the Boston passengers were transferred from 
one boat to another, much to their dissatisfaction. 

A weekly paper, called the Bangorean, was issued by 
John S. Carter. 

Complaint was made that too many of the public 
schools were kept in the same building. There were "four 
schools kept in one building." It was thought that 
"when a great number of children and youth, of diversity 
of character, were congregated together, much mischief 
and inconvenience would be the result." 

A post-office was established at North Bangor (Veazie), 
and Samuel E. Marshall appointed postmaster. 

The project of erecting a market-house between Ken- 
duskeag and Central Bridges, at a cost of $32,000, of 
brick and granite, was reported favorably by a special 
committee to the City Council. They estimated that 
nine per cent., at least, would be realized annually on the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



685 



investment. Messrs. E. & S. Smith, "with chaiacterisiic 
hberality," proposed to throw out land enough from their 
lot for 3 street from bridge to bridge. 

Hon. Charles Stetson was at this time ludge 
of the Supreme Court, and had sulticient criminal 
business for this newly fledged city. It is recorded that 
he sentenced Martha A. Blagdon, a clothes-line thief, to 
fifty days' imprisonment in the common jail. 

Two companies of United States infantry, under Major 
Dearborn, from the Houlton barracks, passed through 
Bangor on its way to Boston, February 14. Lieutenants 
S. L. Russell, G. W. Patten, J. Bumfrid, and H. W. 
Wessells, accompanied the command. 

The subject of a temperance hotel was prominent 
early in the year. Its discussion was attended with some 
grave nonsense. A committee reported some facts 
which were thought to be important enough to publish, 
l)ut the question was where ? Some thought in the 
Daily Whig, where they could be' published early and 
read by all ; others could not endure the idea that they 
should be published in a paper that published rum ad- 
vertisements ! It was better to publish them in an e.\- 
clusively temperance paper — the Temperance Herald, 
for iiistance, which was published in a distant jjart of the 
State, a paper entitled to them first, in the opinion of its 
conductors ! This was thought absurd, inasmuch as the 
public that had the most interest in them woulcl not see 
them under three, four, or six months. The sensible 
opinion prevailed. .Mr. John Ham, Chairman, then re- 
ported on the hotel. The committee were unanimously 
of the opinion that '"a first-rate temperance house should 
and must be immediately opened, and that they had a 
bond of the Franklin House for $20,000," which the 
committee thought extremely low, as the premises were 
extensive and well situated. Mr. Haskins proposed to 
open a subscription tor stock to the amount of $60,000. 
This was opposed. A subscription was however opened, 
the $20,000 were divided into two hundred shares of 
$100 each, and before the close of the month all the 
stock was taken, and the Franklin House was purchased. 
.VIr, Ham was the principal proprietor. 

In the Lyceum the resolve "that judges, like all other 
servants of the people, should be appointed only for 
short periods,'' was debated. The disputants were A. (;. 
Jewett, Frederick H. .-Mien, and John .-Vppleton. The 
two latter were afterward judges, .\llen of the District 
Court, and Appleton Chief Justice of the Supreme Comt. 

News reached Bangor that on I'ebruary 16 .\Iassaihu 
setts Hall of Bowdoin College was burnt to the ground, 
with much of the furniture of the students and the 
whole of the .Athenian Library, of three thousand volinnes 
belonging to them. 

The Universalist society in February contemplated 
building a meeting-house ; and the Unitarians contem- 
plated building a second house of worship on Broadway, 
to be called '"Granite Church." 

The temperance societies throughout the United States 
held simultaneous temperance meetings on February 23. 
Mr. Cyrus Hamlin delivered an address in Bangor in 
the First Baptist meeting-house. 



The eastern and western Penobscot Bays were frozen 
over February 22. 

On February 27 the Democrats nominated Amos M. 
Roberts as their candidate for Mayor. The Whig re- 
marked that it noticed the meeting "to show our friends 
that however much they may desire to canvass the elec- 
tion of Mayor without distinction of party, it is now im- 
practicable." 

The Whig was jubilant over the discomfiture of the 
vender of "a downright and abominable cheat." He 
had sold a "skim-milk or white oak cheese, which had 
been made and pressed until it was about the consistency 
and heft of lead; it had then been beautified and dis- 
guised with a thin covering of curd made of new milk 
and then re-pressed," so that it had the appearance of a 
first-rate article. He was up as a "common swindler" at 
once, and was glad to get off with taking back his com- 
modities and paying costs. 

In March Mrs. Mary Crawford, relict of Dr. William 
Crawford, who was Surgeon and Chaplain in the arniy of 
(ieneral Wolfe, and attached to his staff at the time he 
was killed at Quebec, and was for a number of years sta- 
tioned at Fort Pownall (Fort Point) where he died — died 
at Castine, at the age of one hundred years and five 
months. She was the sister of Colonel John Brewer, the 
original proprietor at Brewer N'illage. 

On ;\Larch 5 the Whigs nominated Edward Kent for 
Mayor. 

On the evening of the 8th ot March the brick build- 
ing on Hammond street, corner of Patten Court, hav- 
ing an elegant exterior of pressed brick, and in pro- 
cess of repair, was burned out. It belonged to Cyrus S. 
Clark, and was built by Dexter E. Wadleigh. The walls 
were left, and the house was rebuilt. 

The canvass for Mayor was somewhat exciting. 'I'here 
was opposition to Mr. Kent among the Whigs. At a 
meeting at the Franklin House, where Ransom Clark 
presided and John S. Kimball was ^Secretary, Elisha H. 
Allen was nominated "in opposition to I'.dward Kent." 
Mr. Allen declined to be a candidate. 

Peter Edes, the oldest printer then m the United 
States, and .-Mien Oilman, Mayor of Bangor, were made 
honorary members of the Mechanic Association in 
March. 

Mr. Kent was elected Mayor by 232 majority in a vote 
of 1,308. He received 770; Mr. Roberts, 493; scatter- 
ing, 45. Whereupon the Whig and Courier shouted : 
"\'an Buren 'buried heels upward' in Bangor!" Ward 
7, then called the Bear Ward, gave a Whig majority, and 
was said to have redeemed itself. 

A fair was held March 16, for the benefit of the "Fe- 
male Orphan Asylum." 

The People's Press, a \an Buren paper, fiisi appeared 
March 14. 

The "small bill law," prohibiting the circulation of 
bills of a smaller denomination than $5, sustained by the 
Administration party, was very unjjopular and very much 
criticised. 

The receipts of the city of Bangor in 1835-36 were 
$62,552.74; expenditures, $62,592.30. The amount 



686 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



raised for schools was $3,400 ; High School, $800 ; for 
streets and highway, $5,000 ; ijoor, $1,500 ; Fire Depart- 
ment, $1,500. The amount expended for the High 
School was only $677.30. 

The City Government this year was composed of: 

Mayor: Edward Kent. 

Aldermen: Ward i, Henry Call; Ward 2, Cyrus Goss; 
Ward 3, William Abbot ; Ward 4, Ezra Patten ; Ward 5, 
Nathan B. Wiggin ; Ward 6, Samuel J. Foster ; Ward 7, 
Preserved B. Mills. 

Councilmen : Ward i, Charles Ramsdell, HoUis Bow- 
man, Charles Hayes; Ward 2, Willis Patten, John Me- 
servey, Abner Taylor ; Ward 3, Moses L. Appleton, 
James Perkins, Camillus Kidder ; Ward 4, Samuel Wiley, 
Newell Bean, Stevens Davis ; Ward 5, Hayward Peirce, 
Abner R. tlallowell, John Brown ; Ward 6, Bradford 
Harlow, Nathan Perry, Ebenezer French ; Ward 7, Si- 
mon Nowell, Charles H. Shepard, William l.owder. 

John S. Sayward was made City Clerk ; William Ab- 
bot, A. G. Wakefield, S. L. Valentine, R. K. Gushing, J. 
P. Dickinson, Bradford Harlow, and Franklin Muzzy, 
Superintending School Committee ; William Abbot, City 
Solicitor ; R. K. Gushing, Physician ; William Emerson, 
second. Marshal. 

East Market Place was laid out this year. 

The expediency of establishing a "first-rate permanent 
library" was s^iggested. 

About the 1st of April some individuals, being disgusted 
with the obstinacy of the ice fn the river, attempted to 
blow it out with gunpowder. They blew and blew ; 
the ice went up, but it would nut go down. A little more 
sun was required. 

The veteran John Holmes, at the close of the Legisla- 
ture, prepared seven stanzas of a song, which were re- 
ported to the members for service. The last stanza was: 

-And when ttie lass shall fill her glass, 

We'll gr.itefully incline 
To kiss tlie lip thai lakes a sip 

For "auld lang syne." 

The theological students proposed to the City Council 
that they would form themselves into an "Engine Com- 
pany," provided the city would furnish them with a first- 
rate engine. 

On April 7tli the proprietors of tlie I'cinperancc Hotel 
organized by electing John Ham, Henry Little, George 
Starrett, Charles A. Stackpole, and Joseph W. Mason, 
Directors. The Directors elected George Starrett Presi- 
dent and Charles A. Stackpole Secretary. 

The Lafayette Bank was established this year. 

A charter having been granted for the Penobscot 
River Railroad, J. Prescott, civil engineer, made a recon- 
noiSsance of a route from Bucksport to Milford, about 
twenty-eight miles. The excavations and embankments 
were to be obviated by "timber framework." He esti- 
mated the expense of constructing the road, including 
cars and storehouses, $7,932.17 per mile. He did not 
consider his estimate exact, but was "satisfied from pre- 
vious experience that it would not deviate essentially 
from the truth." 

Fine-looking radishes and cucumbers were produced 



from the garden of Eben French before the middle of 
April this year. 

Mr. John Brown, Street Commissioner, laid plank 
sidewalks on the principal streets. 

A long and interesting report of the Bangor Temper- 
ance Association was made by Asa Walker, in which the 
evils of intemperance were portrayed and commented 
upon with great ability. 

Mr. J. E. Littlefield still continued his "Bangor Fe- 
male High School." Ancient and modern languages, 
painting, and drawing were taught, with or without the 
common studies, at $5, $6, and $7 per week. 

The Small Bill law became so obnoxious that towns 
even determined not to regard it, and authorized their 
Collectors to receive them on payment of taxes. Ells- 
worth voted to indemnify in case of prosecution. 

The scarcity of money was a subject of "deep and 
painful anxiety." It was attributed by the opposition to 
the " unaccountable and unjustifiable war upon the cur- 
rency of the nation " by the Administration rather than 
to over-speculation. 

An organization, at the head of which was Rufus 
Dwinel, was established for the purpose of building a 
shore railroad between Bangor and Oldtown. Work was 
commenced upon the road, but it was abandoned. 

The steamer Moosehead was launched into Moose- 
head Lake on the 23d of April. It had an engine of 
forty horse-power, was ninety-six feet long and drew 
about two feet of water. The first steamer upon that 
lake. 

On May 12 there were lying in the harbor of Bangor 
seventy vessels — brigs, scliooners, and sloops. This was 
thought worthy of notice. 

The Globe Bank was organized May 18. Solomon 
Parsons, Calvin Dwinel, Samuel Smith, Otis Small, and 
John Appleton were chosen Directors. The Directors 
elected Samuel Smith President, and Sidney K. Howard 
Cashier. 

The Penobscot Mutual Insurance Company was or- 
ganized this year. 

Mr. .A.nson Herrick, publisher of the Daily Advertiser, 
left Bangor on May 13 for New York, The Whig said 
that a warrant was out against him. Mr. Herrick after- 
wards became an Alderman of New York and a mem- 
ber of Congress. 

Public military trainings were becoming unpopular. 
In Brunswick the annual May training was taken ad- 
vantage of by the students of Bowdoin College, to ridi- 
cule the whole thing by a military travesty which was 
very laughable. The Whig and Courier of May 2 1 , pub- 
lished a long account oi it. 

In May the Whig said: "The times are evidently 
growing worse and worse, and those who flatter themselves 
that the pressure will be transient we very much fear 
reckon without their host." 

On the 2 1 St of May Congress, in the appropriation 
bill, provided for the expenditure of $75,000 annually 
for two years upon Fort Kno.x, opposite Bucksport. 

The streets were at this time receiving much attention 
from the city authorities, and the people were calling for 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



687 



sidewalks. They were disappointed at the tardiness of 
the Street Commissioners in relieving them " from the 
necessLt-y- of wallowing in the mud." It is not too much 
10 say that the walking for many years, owing to the mud 
and dirt, was sunpiy horrible. But the Commissioner 
was doing all in his power to remedy the evil by laying 
plank sidewalks on the principal thoroughfares. 

The mud in the streets was a great obstacle to locomo- 
tion, and a source of universal complaint. There being 
few sidewalks, it was impossible to |)ass next to the 
stores and shops, or into them, without being besmeared 
and burthened with the filth at the lower extremities. 

The steamer Independence, a very long steamboat, 
which had been for some time upon the route from 
Bangor, was the subject of much controversy, in 
reference to her speed and strength. 

The small hill law went into operation June ist. It 
was one of those partisan measures which, while utterly 
obnoxious to the members of the party in power, showed 
the utter subserviency of the party itself to its leaders. 
It was one of the laws which was evaded and treated 
with contempt by almost every person in Maine. 

The celebrated "Helen Jewett," the wife of James 
Bickford, once of this city, was murdered in New York: 
and the trial of Robinson, her paramour, created a great 
excitement throughout the country. The crowd was so 
great on the second day that the court could not be 
opened until 12 o'clock. Thirty additional policemen 
were sworn in to control the crowd. Ogden Hoff- 
man and Hugh Maxwell were counsel for the defense. 
The testimony was circumstantial, but strong against 
the prisoner; nevertheless he was acquitted, after an ab- 
sence of fifteen minutes, by the jury. The verdict was re- 
ceived with long-continued cheers. 

The St. John Episcopal Church completed its organi- 
zation June 14. Its church structure was built from 
|)lans by Upjohn. Colonel Benjamin S. Peane finished 
the outside and Pond & Baker the inside. . It is a hand- 
some wood structure in the Gothic style. 

A street-sprinkler for laying the dust was introduced 
this year by subscription of citizens. 

A slate quarry was opened in Foxcroft by Mr. Leavitt, 
and the slate was pronounced worth from $25 to $28 per 
ton; transportation to Bangor from $6 to $7 per ton. 
Some specimens of ciphering slates were sent from the 
quarry to Bangor, and considered the best that had been 
used here. 

Court street was established this year, and a ccJntract 
authorized to be made with Richard ("ondon to build it 
at an expense of not exceeding $1,000. 

The building of a market-house was provided for by 
the city government, provided a loan of money could be 
obtained at not exceeding six per cent, interest. 

The store of A. M. Dunning, of Charleston, was robbed 
of goods and notes in April. The theft was advertised. 
In May Mr. Dunning received a letter informing him 
that the papers would be returned if he would send a 
sum of money to William Williams through the Bangor 
post-office. The money was sent. An otificer watched and 
had the satisfaction of arresting Williams when he called 



for the letter — who, however, proved not to be the thief. 

Complaint was made that "during religious services on 
Sunday afternoon the steamboat arrived at this port with 
the roar of cannon." This was the steamer Portland, 
Captain Howes. The person complaining thought the 
feelings of those who regarded the Sabbath should be re- 
spected even by steamboat captains, and asked why the 
vessel could not have come quietly in "without the un- 
necessary and frequent discharge of cannon, which served 
as a signal to the idle and the violators of the Sabbath to 
rush to her landing-place, to the annoyance of all who 
prefer the services of religion to the noise of the multi- 
tude." 

Rum was constantly adding to its victims. William 
Kern, a shingle-weaver at Pushaw Lake, inspired by liquor 
bought in Bangor by his son William and son-inlaw 
Thaddeus Trafton, boasted that there was not a man in 
the State who could throw him. His son William ac- 
cepted the challenge and threw the old man, and held him 
while he struggled. .\ younger son attempted to inter- 
fere, but was jjrevented by Trafton, who struck him on 
the head with a shingle mallet. He then started to go 
for assistance, but seeing William b^mting his father with 
a club, he went to him and found him breathing his last. 
Trafton and Kern were tried and convicted for man- 
slaughter, and sentenced by Judge Emery to three years 
in State prison. 

The steamboat fare now between Bangor and Portland 
was $4. The "Bangor" made the passage to Boston, by 
way of Portland, in twenty-four hours. Complaint was 
made of the high fares. It was replied that they were 
low, compared with fares in other parts of the country. 
The experiment of a boat was tried with reference to ac- 
commodation rather than gain, and that the fare would 
probably be reduced when the business would warrant it. 

The salary of the City Marshal this year was $500. 

The news reached here on the 9th that on the Sun- 
day previous much excitement was occasioned in Dr. 
Channing's church, Boston, by the reading during his 
absence of an invitation to attend a meeting of the Anti- 
slavery Society. 

Six hundred dollars were appropriated for laying out 
Mt. Hope Cemetery (public), often acres, to be enclosed 
by fences, and a resolve was passed authorizing a loan of 
$25,000 at not exceeding six per cent, interest. 

The Whig of June 15 contained this announcement : 

Died, in this city very suddenly, of npople.\y. Mis. Sophia, wife of 
John Godfrey, Esq., a^ed 49; a woman eminently dislingui;hed for 
piety and active benevolence. 

She was the daughter of Colonel Samuel E. Dutton, who 
removed from Hallowell to Bangor early in the century. 

Owing to difficulties between the proprietors of the 
Bangor House and the landlord, Martin S. Wood, the 
house was stripped of its elegant furniture, and ceased 
temporarily to be a hotel. Mr. Wood converted it into 
a boarding-house. There was, consequently, insufficient 
accommodation for the traveling public. Mr. John 
Frost, however, finding the Franklin House closed, pro- 
ceeded to put it in condition for the public patronage, 
and in a measure to supply the wants of travelers. 



688 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



!i 



Moosehead Lake was growing in the public estimation. 
The "Bangor and Moosehead Lake Stage Company," 
recently inaugurated, was running a stage three times a 
week to Munson, within fifteen miles of the lake. A 
steamer, the Moosehead, had been placed upon the lake 
for the towing of rafts in the first instance, and then for 
the accommodation of "pleasure parties, land explorers, 
and mineralogists and geologists." The lake is forty miles 
long. A route for a road from the North Bay was being 
surveyed, and it was contemplated to establish a "a route 
by stage between Bangor and Quebec." It was predicted 
that the Moosehead would prove a success. The timber 
from sixty townships, it was said, would come into the 
lake, and it was thought the boat would do a large busi- 
ness in conveying lumbering supplies, towing logs, and 
carrying passengers. 

A railroad car for the Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad 
(which was in process of rapid construction), arrived m 
the city. It was (ironounced "a splendid piece of work, 
indeed, and comprised elegance, neatness, and. more 
than all, comfort in its internal arrangements." 

The "Inde|)endent Volunteers" made a fine appear- 
ance in the streets on the iSth June, under the command 
of Captain Charles G. Bryant. 

The business of the city was gratifying. Three hun- 
dred buildings were in process of erection. Lumber was 
sold daily at profitable prices. About one hundred 
schooners were at the wharves receiving cargoes; it was 
said that "nothing was done in the way of speculation." 

Log-stealing had become so common that it was made 
by statute a State prison offense; but up to this time the 
juries could not make up their minds to convict those 
indicted for it. Public sentuiient, however, was "march- 
ing on." 

Marv Pel kins, Clarissa Williamson, Dionisia Hill, 
Susan Patten, and P. V. .McGaw, called a meeting of 
the members of the "Bangor Female Orijhan Asylum" to 
be held on July 5, to organize under an act of the Legis- 
lature enacted .'Vpril i, 1S36. 

The Board of Health was ordered to effect a general 
vaccination of the city. They assigned the several wards 
in their order to Drs. R. K. Cushing, S. C. Clark, John 
Abbott, J. P. Dickinson, J. (1. Brown, R. D. Bartlett, and 
Josiah Deane. 

The Rifle Corps, under Captain Wing, appeared in 
the streets, and was complimented for the evidence it 
gave of a " high state of disci])line and a thorough ac- 
quaintance with military tactics." 

John Brastow gave notice that the lots in Mount Hope 
Cemetery (private) were now for sale at $20 a lot. 

The Bangor Female Moral Society organized on 
June 9, having for its |)rimary object "the prevention of 
licentiousness, by showing in every proper way its tear- 
fully immoral and soul-destroying influence." Other ob- 
jects were to prevent Sabbath-breaking, profanity, and 
intemperance. 

On June 22, on petition of Ford Whitman and others, 
an order of the City Council directed the street engineers 
to "run the lines and place monuments at the angles" 
of the road running from Broadsvay Park to Six-mile 



Falls. An order was also passed for the erection of a ' 
high school-house. 

This year Ira O. Glover, a genial landlord, took the 
new and elegant house lately erected at the corner of 
Harlow and Franklin streets ("New England House," 
afterward "National House"). It was larger than the 
Franklin House that he had recently left, he said, and 
he should endeavor to make it "equal to any in the 
city." Alas, poor Ira! Time afterward found him keep- 
ing a restaurant at'terward a bowling alley, and after- 
ward, boarding at the city mansion, where he died. 
But he was always genial. 

John A. Poor, Rufus Parks, John B. Hill, Charles C. 
Cushman, .Samuel H. Blake, and Jonathan C. Everett, 
Esqs., were admitted to practice in the Supreme Judicial 
Court at the June Term. 

There had been in Bangor for several years a gentle- 
man of great ingenuity and artistic merit, whose modesty 
had prevented his work with the pencil being properly 
appreciated. This was J. P. Hardy. From his youth 
he had aiiplied himself to art: but lie had never had an 
opportunity to derive benefit from association with foreign 
masters or from studying the works of the more cele- 
brated, abroad. Yet he had accomplished some work 
which should have given him, and eventually will give 
him, a high place in the roll of American artists. One of 
these is a Boy Blowing a Soap Bubble ; another, a Lady 
in a Window, which are wholly original. Another is the 
Poor Man's Fireside. This year some who had an ap- 
preciation of his work, called the attention of the public 
to his atelier, and awakened some interest; but Bangor 
was not sutificiently advanced in such matters to render 
him due credit. 

On the 27th of June the City Council passed an ordi- 
nance defining the limits within which no wooden build- 
ing over ten feet high should be erected. The limits 
extended westerly to L^nion street : northerly to Colum- 
bia street, county land, north line of Franklin House lot, 
and Penobscot street ; easterly to Stetson .Square, and 
southerly to the centre of Penobscot River. 

The Mayor, Allen (lilman, treated a building as a 
nuisance which Dexter F. Wadleigh had removed from 
one place to another within these liinits. Whereupon 
Mr. Wadleigh, feeling aggrieved, brought his suit against 
Mr. Oilman for damages, on the ground that the City 
Council had no authority to pass such an ordinance; and 
if they had, it was no infringement to remove a building 
from one place to another. But the court decided ad- 
versely to Mr. Wadleigh on both points. Mr. Wadleigh 
was a bricklayer, and Mr. Oilman a lawyer, who believed 
" ne sutor ultra crepidam." 

The Franklin House having been renovated, was 
opened by John Frost as a temperance house, on the 
last day of June. A gentleman who was at the opening 
said, "Although a temperance house, I never partook of 
better fare or purer liquor than that produced on the oc- 
casion." The house would then accommodate about 
fifty persons. 

Mr. Hill was teaching a private high school in the city 
this season. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



689 



The Fire Department celebrated the Fourth of July 
by a procession, an " approi)riate oration by Asa Walker, 
Esi|., in Hammond Street church," which was listened 
to with attention, and a pleasure made manifest by fre- 
quent applause, and a sumptuous dinner at the railroad 
station, "provided by Mr. \V. H. Vinton in his very best 
style, and whose good cheer warmed the hearts of about 
three hundred individuals who sat down." 

The sentiments were sensible, and this, a regular, was 
one of the best : 

"The Fair: The only incendiaries that vancjuisli fire- 
men — a policy of mutual insurance is our sole protec- 
tion." 

Mr. Emerson, the City Marshal, had only sixteen of 
the outsiders most "ripe for fun " on that day in the 
watch-house. 

News of the death of ex-President Madison on the 
28th of June, reached Bangor on the Fourth of July. 

Nathan B. Wiggin advertised for proposals to build a 
brick building for a high school-house. 

Mason G. Palmer was appointed Register of Probate, 
in place of Alexander Savage, who had held the [losition 
for about sixteen years. 

Captain William A. Howard, who was in command of 
the boys' company from Hampden that gave so much in- 
terest to the celebration of the Fourth in Bangor in 
1820, then a boy, now of the United States revenue 
service, was appointed to the command of the cutter Mc- 
Lane. 

.\ not unusual circumstance in trade occurred about 
this time. A lot of leather was consigned from Bangor 
to a merchant in Boston. On the arrival of the leather, 
the merchant had an order from Bangor for a similar lot 
of leather. \Vhereu]3on, without removing the leather 
from the vessel, the consignee sent it to his correspond- 
ent in the same vessel which brought it from Bangor. 
Perhaps advertising would have benefited somebody, had 
the first leather dealer given notice that he had it to sell. 

The burning over of six or eight townships of timber- 
lands belonging to Benjamin Brown, Esq., in the neigh- 
borhood of the Wassataquoik, so loaded the atmosphere 
with smoke as to cause one day to be called the " dark 
day." 

Nahum H. Wood taught a private high school this 
season in Bangor. 

The receipts of the Bangor post-office in 1835 were 
$5,985 ; Portland, $6,074. 

Samuel Call died on July 9, aged fifty-eight. Mr. Call 
had been long a resident of Bangor. He was an attract- 
ive and incisive speaker, and wielded the editorial pen 
occasionally and acceptably to his party — the National 
Republican, afterwards Whig. 

Hon. William D. Williamson, who was faithful to his 
party, survived Mr. Call, and at a celebration in Hamp- 
den gave the following toast, which afforded his opponents 
an opportunity to criticise hnn : — 

" Maine, the Marine State: May her Democratic poli- 
tics be perpetuated, its rulers ever the people's servants, 
its safety their virtues, and its treasury their pockets." 

His critics thought that, as he had admitted that the 
87 



treasury was the pockets of the office-holders, he ought 
to be the Secretary of the Treasury. 

Rufus Parks, brother of Gorhani Parks, member of 
Congress, and a member of the Penobscot Bar, was ap- 
pointed Receiver of the Public Moneys for AVisconsin 
Territory, it was said with a salary of about $3,000. 

Chancellor Kent arrived in Bangor on July 13, and 
took lodgings at the Franklin House. 

Leonard Jarvis declined being again a candidate for 
Congress. 

There were now three Democratic papers in the city — 
the Republican, the Commercial Advertiser, and the 
People's Press. 

John H. Slack was in the city for the purpose of pro- 
curing funds for the establishment of a high school or 
college in Canada. After interviewing him the pastors 
of the leading churches say, " by his own confession he 
is acting without responsibility to any man or body of 
men in Canada or elsewhere, and that, on this account, 
they cannot conscientiously recommend him to the pat- 
ronage of the public." Dr. Pond and Mayor Kent con- 
curred. It is needless, perha[)s, to say that Mr. John 
Hancock Slack did not make a successful raid upon the 
pockets of our citizens. 

The distribution of the surplus revenue was at this 
time agitating the public mind in the State. The acts 
authorizing its distribution had been passed by Congress, 
and the question was how it should be divided. 

Hon. Gorham Parks had opposed the passage of the 
act, which was called "the great measure of the season," 
and said that "he believed there was no one act of his 
political life which in after times he should reflect upon 
with more pleasure than his vote against this bill." As 
might have been expected in high political times, his op- 
ponents would not give him credit for worthy motives, 
yet they thought that the Democrats, in changing him 
for Mr. Davee, their new candidate, had "missed a 
figure" and "given up a talented man for one who could 
never fill his place in the House of Representatives." 

On June 27th there was a "great sale of permits, mill 
privileges, lands, and lots at Stillwater " (Orono). Before 
the public sale the Stillwater Company disposed of per- 
mits to lumber at the average rate of $4.50 per thou- 
sand, amounting to $140,000; sales of factory sites and 
house lots, $60,000. Sales by auction by Head & Pills- 
bury : Permits, $127,000; factory sites, house lots, etc., 
$75,942; total $402,942. 

Tlie sales e.xceeded all anticipations. The condition 
of the money market had rendered a disposition of the 
property at any rate questionable. 

Mount Hope Cemetery was consecrated on {'hursday, 
July 2 1 St. The day was said to be delightful (notwith- 
standing many ladies were "thoroughly drenched" in 
a shower), and the exercises were of great interest. In 
the notice of a delighted observer occurs the following 

sketch : 

The many rustic seats erected beneath the stately oaks and spruce 
growth were completely filled. A rude platform was erected under the 
spreading branches of an oak, which was decorated with a variety of 
wild flowers. On this platform the services were performed, and I 
more than once observed the silent but eloquent tear steal from the eye 



690 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



as the ceremony proceeded. The sinking, under the direction of Mr. 
Johnson, echoed among the tiees. and seemed to hft the soul in rapture 
and bear it nearer its better home. 

The address of Mr. Kent was eloquent and affecting. He spoke of 
the propriety of consecrating a spot to the memory of departed worth ; 
said that the soul-chilling appearance of our graveyards accorded not 
with the feelings of our nature; that a spot situated like this, with the 
beauties of nature scattered on every hand, was calculated to give a 
chastened and holy calm to the mind, and to lead the thoughts to study 
nature in her works, and to God as her great author. Every heart must 
have joined the speaker when he set aside that hill— the extended field, 
the leafy woods, the calm retreat, and the complaining brock, to the 
service and as the resting-place of the dead — forever. 

The editor of the Whig said that the services "were 
both gratifying and pleasing, and throughout of a char- 
acter highly appropriate." "The address of the Mayor 
we have heard commented on in the most extravagant 
terms of admiration, and all fully coincide in the opin- 
ion that it was decidedly his happiest public effort." 

The reading of select portions of the Scripture was by 
Rev. Frederick H. Hed.i;e, of the Unitarian Society. 

Consecration prayer by Rev. Swan L. Poraroy, of the 
First Parish (Congregational) Society. 

Benediction by Rev. John Maltby, of the Hammond 
Street (Congregational) Societj-. 
The following hymns were sung : 
[Tune— Bethesda]. 
I. 
Around thy forest shrine, 
Eternal God ! we bend; 
While to yon dome of thine 
Faith's breathing tones ascend. 
To spread ibro.id. 
From Nature's fane, 
The choral strain, 
To Nature's God. 

The whispering wind around. 

The glorious sky above ; 
The trees' svv.;et murmuring sound. 
All. all proclaim thy love. 
A thrilling voice 
Breathed on the car, 
Checks every fear — 
Bids man rejoxc. 

3- 
Where Nature's hues of bloom 

In summer beauty reign. 
Shall sadness, doubt, and gloom 
Breathe here their mournful strain ? 
Let songs of praise 
To God be given ; 
And high to Heaven 
Joy's chorus rai^c. 

4- 
To faith, to hope, to love. 
This spot we consecrate. 
While, raised to Thee above; 
Our hearts thy blessing wait 
To Thee, we pray. 
Our F.ither, God ! 
Through Him who trod 
Death's silent way. 

5- 
Our souls shall never fear 

The path He blessed, to tread; 
But c.ilmly enter here 
The clLimbers of the dead. 
Here shall wc sleep, 
And fear no ill. 
While angels still 
Their vigils keep. 



To Thee ! Great King of Kings ! 
When life's short dre.im is o'er. 
On hope's aspiring wings. 
Oh, may our spirits soar. 
And swell on high. 
That strain to thee. 
Whose melody 
Shall never die I 

[Tune— Old Hundred.] 

I. 
Oh. righteous God. through ThydearSon, 
Accept the service we have done; 
And make this place on which we stand 
A Mount of Hope— a holy land. 

2. 
This pleasant grove— this verdant lawn, — 
While suns shall set and inornings dawn, 
Make it the weary pilgrim's rest. 
Where angry strifes no more molest. 



May all who here shall lay their head 
Low on this s.acred, silent bed. 
The Christian path to glory run; 
Nor tire, nor faint, till glory's won. 

4- 
And that dear dust which here shall sleep 
May blessed angels safely keep 
Till time shall cease, the morning come. 
And trump of God shall rend the tomb. 



Then let it rise and upward move, 
In deathless forms of joy and love, 
Shouting: Oh, gr.ive, thy reign is o'er; 
Remorseless Death triumphs no more! 

6. 
And when the golden sun shall die. 

And Time and Death shall be no more, 
Oh, may we find, beyond the sky. 

The Christian's holy, happy shore. 

Mr. and Mrs. Andrews and Miss Woodward, of Bos- 
ton, gave miscellaneous concerts, which were called 
"ca])ital affairs." 

There was published about this tinie an address de- 
livered by A. Sanborn, Esq , before the " Penobscot As- 
sociation of Teachers," at Corinth, in October, iS3i5, cf 
which it was said, that it was "calculated to gi\e a right 
turn to public sentiment, and to obviate the evils of the 
present public school system," and that the "light which 
it sheds is too important to be 'hid under a bushel.'" 

A can.nl to connect the Penobscot River with the head 
waters of Moosehead Lake was at this time reconi- 
mended. 

In July eight State Banks were doing business in Ban- 
gor — the Cornmcrcial, the Kenduskeag, Mercantile, Ban- 
gor, People's, Eastern, Penobscot, Lafayette. 

Thomas H. Perry commenced a high school in Au- 
gust, in the building recently occupied by N. H. Wood. 

The refusal to take receipts for personal property at- 
tached, which was adopted by some creditors, was coni- 
pliined of as a piece of oppression, and a grievance that 
should be put a stop to. It was replied that the oppres- 
sion was on the other side ; and it was only because the 
honest creditor was improperly delayed in realizing his 
dues from those able to pay that this course was resorted 
to. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



691 



Ventriloquism and animal magnetism were at tliis 
time represented by Mr. Sutton, of En^i^land, and Mr. 
Poyen, of Paris, respectively. 

Mr. O'Conncll, the tattooed man, proposed to enlighten 
the citizens on the subject of tattooing "among the 
savages of the Carroline Islands," where I'.c had been 
eleven years taking lessons. 

The stringency in the money market had the effect to 
awaken an interest in the subject of banks and banking, 
and to start a discussion of the ])roject of a State bank, 
with the view to relieve the pressure. A writer said that 
"in our country no State is so rich as to have idle capital 
which it would loan on favorable terms," therefore we 
must resort to the older and richer countries of Europe 
for loans. But no private individual or association of 
individuals could negotiate a loan, at a moderate interest, 
in England, Holland, or France; therefore the credit of 
the State should be employed. This had been done in 
Louisiana and Indiana, and "under its influence they 
were rapidly advancing in a career of prosperity." 

Monsieur Schafer, from Paris, wished to teach the 
people French. 

The Trustees of the Theological Seminary, through 
the Mechanic and Farmer, tendered their thanks to Hon. 
Benjamin Bussey, of Roxbury, for a bell, whereupon that 
paper said : 

We believe that tli.it gentlem.-in gave to the Congregational Society 
the first bell ever rung in this city, which bell was destroyed by fire 
and its place supplied by him. The Independent Congregational so- 
ciety .are also indebted for their bell to the same munificent donor; as 
likewise the Baptist Society, (and we are quite sure he paid liberally to- 
wards the Methodist bell,) which with the one acknowledged above, 
make five bells, besides the sum paid towards the Methodist. It is 
right to ring the praises of such a man. 

Mr. Bussey, however, gave but $100 towards the Bap- 
tist bell. A lady in Providence gave $28, and Hon. 
James P. Boyd, of Boston, added $300 and procured the 
bell. 

The Commercial Advertiser and People's Press were 
respectively condciiining and defending the conduct of 
the establir^hed b.mks in the city, for refusing to sup|)ly 
the President and Directors of the Globe Bank, recently 
incorporated, with the specie to commence operations. 
If they commenced by borrowing in that way, it would 
seem to be rather singular that they would not do as 
they were done bj-. But perhaps they had come to real- 
ize that another bank would have made too many; that 
one to a family was enough. It could not have been 
that tlvjy were afraid the specie would not be returned! 

The Commercial Advertiser, established by Anson 
Herrick, was at this time edited by John \V. Foote. The 
Peopk's Press was edited by Thomas Bartlett, Jr. 

While these editors were carrying on this bank war 
Hon. Elijah L. Hamlin published a petition to the Legis- 
lature representing that he, with Josiali Towie and seven 
others (naming them) subscribed a petition for the char- 
ter of the Globe Bank, to be located at Bangor; that, 
soon after the charter was obtained, he learned to his 
surprise and mortification, that a majority of the interest 
in the charter had been purchased from those eight per- 
sons by Samuel Smith, who was afterwards chosen Pres- 



ident of the Bank; that he entertained no doubt that 
the sale was made in pursuance of a secret arrangement 
entered into between said parties before the charter was 
granted, and that the sale was a fraud, and that, having 
signed the petition in good faith, he h.id refused to take 
any stock in tiie bank, whereupon he prayed that the 
corporators might be put upon their oath and show cause 
why the charter should not be declared void. 

At this time the following story was told to illustrate 
how some banks managed to evade the law in regard to 
interest: An application was made to one of the banks 
on the wesfern side of the Kenduskeag for a discount, 
and was refused unless the applicant would take a draft 

on a bank in on the eastern side of the river, and 

after deducting the usual discount pay one per cent, for 
the draft. This was thought to be a high rate of exchange 
between the banks of so narrow a stream as the Kendus- 
keag. 

It was said in behalf of the Globe Bank that it was its 
intention to change the process of banking in this city, 
and reduce bank profits; and those citizens were congrat- 
ulated who were in the haljit of getting bank accommo- 
dations upon the prospect they had "of obtaining them 
without making their liabilities payable in Boston, and 
being compelled to pay percentage on checks to cancel 
them." 

Mr. Hamlin's petition was replied to with peculiar se- 
verity by five of the corporators named by Mr. Hamlin, 
who said they were ready to meet his charges "with a full 
denial of their truth;" that Mr. Smith was not elected 
President of the Globe Bank in pursuance of any sale, 
and that they did not know of any " false colors " or 
pretenses under which the charter was obtained. They 
might have stopped there, but in their excitement they 
added much more. 

Mr. Hamlin, in a longer article, reiterates his charges 
against some of the corporators, — some in another article 
he excuses, — says that "he considers the Globe Bank to 
be one of the greatest humbugs of the day," etc. To 
this there was a very lengthy rejoinder, in which his 
statements were traversed and ridiculed, and with it the 
parties discontinued their advertisements. 

Tiie Democratic jjarty at its county convention in Le- 
vant passed this resolution this year: 

Resilved. That rotation in office, by selecting men at short intervals, 
direct from the body of the people, to places of profit and trust, " is a 
leading principle in the Democratic creed, and the only guarantee for 
the supremacy of the people. " 

Mr. George ^V'. Carleton came into the city and es- 
sayed to instruct the people in the Real Art of Dancing. 

The Rifle Company made its appearance in the streets 
and were complimented for their commendable appear- 
ance, as well as for the evidences of their skill in target 
practice. 

Miss Turner pretty soon followed Mr. Carleton for the 
laudable purpose of leaching masters and misses, and 
young l.idies and gentlemen, in the " accomplishment of 
dancing." 

The subject of a railroad between Bangor and Port- 
land was agitated, and a public meeting was held at the 



692 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 






City Hall August 25 for the purpose of obtaining an ex- 
pression of the citizens in regard to it. The attendance 
was of the most respectable citizens, and the e.xpression 
was strongly in favor of building the road. A commit- 
tee, consisting of Thomas A. Hill, S. H. Blake, E. H. 
Allen, Edward Smith, Amos Patten, Thomas Drew, and 
Ebenezer French, was appointed to confer with Colonel 
Long, the engineer, in relation to a route from Bangor 
to Augusta. 

A shore railroad between Bangor and Oldtown was lo- 
cated and work commenced this season, but owing to the 
opposition of land-owners, and exorbitant damages 
claimed by them, the project was abandoned. 

Bangor was rapidly becoming metropolitan, with 
metropolitan singers, ventriloquists, tattooed men, animal 
magnetizers, male and female dancing teachers, when on 
the 29th of August, with its theatre, actors and all, it 
would seem actually to have become so. 

Near the northerly terminus of the Franklin Bridge, 
the theatre stood. It was a wooden structure of no great 
magnitude or pretensions to beauty, but it had its stage 
and scenery, and pit, and parquet, and galleries, and for 
a while its audiences. 

Alfred Herbert, Henry Eberle, and John B. Rice were 
the managers; and on the evening of the 29th of August 
they put upon the stage Shakspere's comedy, "She Stoops 
to Conquer." 

At the openmg this address, written by a gentleman of 
Bangor, was spoken by Mr. Rice: 

Where late through forest wild the Indian roved, 
Chasing the moose deer wheresoe'er they roved, 
A city rose !.see, o'er its hundred hills 
The lofty spires, and thousand domiciles. 
The park — the common and ihe spacious square. 
Where lurked the red man in his savage lair. 
And where Orono's tribe, with light canoe. 
Pursued the game and raised the wild halloo — 
Lo ! sails unfurl to catch the coming breeze 
And waft our forest treasures o'er the seas. 
Old Time, thus far, has bid the world good night — 
Be ours the task to ease his future flight: 
To hold the mirror up to Nature's sons, 
To drive away wichiggins* blues, and duns; 
We hold our "bonds," but are by friendship bound 
To all who love the drama's cheerful sound; 
Now may this humble, unpretendmg dome 
Be Thalia's, Shakspere's, Caliope's home; 
A home for virtue, genius, talents, sense; 
Our patrons pleased, we have our recompense. 
Nor bank-bills, specie, have we much to boast. 
But while we live will give our standing toast: 
Now and hereafter be it understood 
No combinations but for public good. 
We greet old settlers, and we greet the young. 
Though last not least to have their merits sung; 
Bangoieans all, if we be not mistook, 
"From Captain Noah down to Captain Cook — " 
While on "lots " the old their changes run. 
The young are well content with "lots of fun." 
While rolls the dark Penobscot to the bay 
And through all time the night's dispelled by day. 
So may the drama, fostered by its friends, 
Pursue its course till its glorious ends 
Are brought to light, and .Shakspere's storied page 
Be taught to wond'ring millions from the stage! 
The stage! where Greece and Rome their heroes taught; 
While mimic heroes ranged the world of thought; 

* Indian term for writ. 



When great Napoleon read the Book of Fate, 

.As Talma thundered lessons for the State. 

Where Ocean's time and Forest's rapid streaiu 

Mingle united in the morning beam. 

Behold the " Union Market " rise to view, 

L'nlike the phoenix, who from ashes flew; >' 

O'er rocky bed from bridge to bridge it grew. 

May East and West there meet on neutral ground, 

No more be rivals in the giddy round. 

Long may they meet in Shakspere's temple here, 

.At Thalia laugh, to Call'pe lend the ear. 

All that we ask is candor, justice, right, 

We'll do our liest to piu dull care to flight. 

Judge Stetson, of the Municipal Court, had some 
business to occupy his attention. Thomas and Simeon 
Low, old native citizens and fishermen, had acquired a 
habit of their betters, and taken some drops too rnuch 
with their associate, George Butler, and in their elevated 
condition manifested their superiority by divers blows 
and fisticuffs, and finally by throwing Butler overboard. 
All this occurred in the river, below High-Head; but all 
the parties survived, and were constrained to visit the 
court-room to get His Honor's opinion as to whether 
such conduct was in harmony with Democratic principles. 
On learning the facts, the judge decided that there had ' 
been too great an exercise of arbitrary power, and that 
Captain Thomas and his brother should each pay the 
State five dollars and costs for the indulgence of their 
aristocratic, or (to Americanize it) Federal, propensities. 
Captain Thomas paid like a man, but Simeon showed 
his contempt of the sentence by appealing. 

A meeting of the citizens was held on Friday evening, 
September 3, to devise measures to relieve the distress 
in the community occasioned by the "present scarcity of 
money." It was affirmed that the pressure here was 
greater than in any other city or town, and was attributed 
to "the unfortunate difficulty now existing among the 
banks in this city." The chief speaker (George W. 
Cooley) said that nothing was necessary to enable the 
banks to extend accommodations to the amount of 
$200,000 or $300,000, but to bring to an end the war 
existing between them ; and upon his motion a commit- 
tee was appointed to confer with the directors and ascer- 
tain if something could not be done to reconcile existing 
differences, and to request them to break off their con- 
nection with the Suffolk 15ank in Boston, and redeem at 
their own counters. The committee consisted of P. B. 
Mills, John A. French, Joseph Bryant, William H. John- 
son, John True, Thomas Jenness, B. C. Atwood, 
Nathaniel Hatch, George W. Brown, Walter Brown. 

The meeting was criticised as being in the interest of 
the Globe Bank. This, however, was denied. 

.'\fter a week devoted to the matter the committee re- 
ported at another meeting that they had requested a 
meeting of a committee fron\ each bank for consultation, 
and met a committee from six banks, whom they found 
ready and willing to do all in their power to assist the 
'mercantile community as soon as they could consistently 
with their own safety. 

Mr. Mills thought the chief cause of the pressure was 
overlooked, which was the withdrawal of a million of 
dollars from the State on the closing u|j the affairs of the 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



693 



United States Banks. This money was gone, and its 
place had not been supplied. 

Mr. J-. P. Rogers followed with a philippic against the 
banking system. He believed it to be the cause of all 
the difficulties, and advised his hearers to fly from it as 
they would from the |)lague. It was his opinion that if 
it was not done away with, it would eventually bring ruin 
and desolation on the country. But he did not suggest 
any plan for improvement. 

There was great anxiety as to what would be the result 
of the financial condition. .-\nd this, aggravated by a 
rumor that there was an association in the city that fur- 
nished a broker with funds to loan to business men for a 
large consideration, and that the broker put their pajier 
into the hands of a lawyer holding a high public office, 
who, as soon as it was collectable, handed writs of at- 
tachment to the officers, with instruction to take no 
receipts for the property attached, thus driving the 
debtor to resort to the same broker for means of relief! 

The political canvass this year was e.xciting, as usual in 
a Presidential year; but with Mr. Merchant in the edito- 
rial chair of the Whig and Courier there was not great 
personal bitterness. Robert P. Dunlap was the Demo- 
cratic, and Edward Kent the Whig candidate for Gov- 
ernor. I'homas Davee was the Democratic, and John S 
Tenney the Whig candidate for Representative to Con- 
gress. The vote of Bangor was for Dunlap, 449; Kent, 
672; Davee, 312; Tenney, 674; scattering, 143. 

Elisha H. Allen, Esq., was elected Representative to 
the Legislature. 

Mr. Dunlap was elected Governor, ard Mr. Davee 
Representative to Congress. 

The celebrated picture of Adam and Eve, by D ubufe, 
was on exhibition at the Bangor House. 

The subject of the removal of the bodies buried in the 
cemetery on Main street, below Dennet's Cove, was agi- 
tated and their removal deprecated. 

Some alarm existed in September because of the prev- 
alence of dysentery, from which there had been several 
deaths. It was a time of unusual drouth, and the 
springs and streams were low, and it was thought 
that the disease was occasioned by the impurity of the 
water. Boiling it had been attended with salutary re- 
sults; therefore boiling the water before using it was 
recommended. Souchong tea was also recommended as 
a preventive. A remedy was also recommended which it 
was said never failed of effecting a cure. If the patient 
be a grown person, let him take half a tumbler of lime- 
water, ten drops laudanum, and fifteen drops essence of 
cinnamon — in quantity, a table-spoonful every hour. 

John J. Jerome in September opened a merchants' 
and mechanics' reading-room. Such an institution in 
September, 1 881, had not existed in Bangor for several 
years. 

The large steamboat Independence, which had been 
for some time plying between Boston and Bangor imder 
(Japtain S. H. Howes, sustaining an "unsatisfactory 
character," in the evening of the 28th September, while 
approaching the city at full speed, was obliged to deviate 
from her course to avoid a vessel that lay anchored di- 



rectly across the channel, and in doing so ran upon a 
rock in the river, off a pier whi<h stood not far from where 
the easterly end of the Maine Central Station now is. 
Her false bow was stove in and a large hole was made in 
her bottom, so that afterward the tide ebbed and flowed 
in her. There were a hundred passengers on board, who 
were landed safely. No buoy indicated the location of 
the rock, and its existence was not generally known. 

The town of Plymouth, in Penobscot county, from 
which Bangor derived some business, was affected with 
the emigration fever. Forty-one persons left it for the 
State of Illinois. With one or two exceptions the emi- 
grants were family relations. Thirty-one bore the name 
of Harlow. Twjelve of them were Baptists and consti- 
tuted a church, having a preacher and a deacon. 

The Belfast stage-driver alleged that he [(ut Waldo 
Bank bills amounting to $1,700 into his outside coat 
pocket, and while giving his undivided attention to the 
attractive performances in the Bangor Theatre (the 
"Forty Thieves" was performed about this time) was 
relieved of the money by some covetous individual who 
did not return it. He could account for its loss in no 
other way. He was arrested on suspicion of having con- 
cealed it. The pocket-book that contained the money 
was afterwards found upon Broadway, rifled of its con- 
tents. The driver was released from arrest as a criminal, 
but was arrested again in an action of trover for the 
money, as lost by his carelessness. One Frasier was ar- 
rested on suspicion of having robbed the driver, and 
taken before the Municipal Court; but the evidence was 
not sufficient to detain him. 

.At a meeting of the Penobscot Association of Teach- 
ers, in Corinth, on September 17, a "talented and appro- 
priate" address was delivered by F. H. Allen, Esq., of 
Bangor. 

No prohibitory law being in existence, Mr. Samuel 1'. 
Eaton advertised for sale, at No. 30 West Market Place, 
"Old M. wine, old B. sherry, old P. sherry, brown sherry, 
old Opotto, old port, old Sicily Madeira, Sicily Madeira, 
W. H. Sc, W. II. Lisbon, Malaga, Muscatil, and claret, 
by the bottle and case; Champagne, Joly brand, Key 
brand, Dance do." 

A correspondent of the Eastern Republican gives a 
notice of Bangor, which contains a fair representation of 
it as it was at this period. It is as follows: 

tiANGOH. I Imve clioson a tionie subject for a short homily. Theie 
i.s but one word in the text, yet 1 shall divide the subject into seven 
parts, viz: First, liangor as it was; second, Bangor as it is; third, 
Bangor as it will be; fourth, Bangor abroad; fifth, Bangor at iiome; 
si.vth, Bangor as it is not; .seventh, Bangor at home and abroad. 

My introduction will be .short. We live in the city of the East, and 
feel great concern for its reputation and honor; as a people we have 
been villitied, abused, misrepresented; and we feel constrained to open 
our mouths and show our valor in redressing grievances and vindicatmg 
the honor of a slandered people. 

To the text: First. Bangor as it was. .X few .\'ears .ago it was a 
wilderness, inhabited by wild .animals and kM nien. Trees, water, 
and mud covered the surface of the earth, and the hand of civilization 
could not be seen. Soon [at length a ch.ange was visible— "thewhile 
man li.id been there" -trees, wild Ijeasls, and wild men disappeared, 
and phoenix-like, a thriving, bustling village grew up in the twinkling 
of an eye. Farmers, merchants, lumbermen, mechanics, doctors, 
ministers, lawyers, and idlers congregated therein, and ilien the I.egis- 



694 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



lature made us a city. Every one was more given to business than 
pleasure, and thus all grew rich or acquired a competency. 

Second. Bangor as it is. It is a place of consequence. In it ihsrc 
are rich men and ]50or men. honest and dishonest men, lionorable men 
and contemptible fellows, industrious men and loungers, men of talents 
and education and ignoramuses, men of genuine merit and downright 
impostors and l)\'pocrites. Bangor as it is does not differ much in 
these particulars from other places. 

Third. It will be the largest city in Maine, and the great centre 
of business and attraction. [A prescience of the dist.int future, but 
true]. 

Fourth. Bangor abroad. Here we shall be a little non-committal, 
but remark generally, that the character and genius of our people are ' 
not rightly apprehended. Certain malign influences, just now, operate 
ag.iinst us — a cluud obscures the clear sunshine, and the dans of 
calumny fall fast and thick about us, sped from the long bow's of our 
enemies, who are greedy of prey and unconscionable in their deniands. 
There as those, however, that do us justice, whq have eyes that will 
penetrate fog and mist, and who can see pure gold "dimmed by dust 
and concealed by cobwebs." 

Fifth. Bangor at home. \Vc do not like a display of egotism, but 
" dear unto the heart of man is the land of his birth," and the place of 
his adoption. Here are genius, talents, enlerpiise, the materials 
and elements which, when properly developed, fitted, and applied, 
with the most favorable location and all the desirable external 
aids and helps, cannot fail of making eminent, happy, and rich men 
and of giving us finally an enviable name and rank where we are now, 
little known. True, there are many discordant materials to be shifted, 
much rubbish to be removed — many of our people are strangers to each 
other— there is among us a pride of the purse, pride of education and 
profession, pride of having been the first settlers or squatters : but there 
is little pride of descent, for the parent stock is all about alike, and the 
loftiest heads do not dare to look as far back as their grandfathers for 
fear of stumbling against a cobbler, tinker, or tailor.* Every man 
stands on his own bottom, and throws away the rotten scraps of flesh 
and bones, and the mouldering dust of those who were born before 
him. 

Sixth. Bangor as it is not. It is not the resort of all the rogues, 
sharper.'^, and knaves in New England. It is noX justly celebrated furdis- 
honesty and swindling in business matters. It is not on the retrograde 
and returning to its original nothingness. It is not in a galloping con- 
sumption. It is not a place to be avoided by honest and honorable 
men in the pursuit of wealth, . . and does not contain more bad 
citizens than are to be met with in all new places of equal size. It does 
not contain a bad mor.il atmosphere. It is not what others have rep- 
resented it to be, corrupt, depraved, heart and soul. 

Seventh. Bangor at home and abroad. At home Bangor has ene- 
mies and professed friends, who have done more to injure her reputa- 
tion and credit than they can make amends for in a long life, and some 
two or three of the Bangor editors stand in front of the offending. 
Kindred spirits abroad have caught up the discordant notes of those 
thoughtless and stupid knights of the quill, and rung them upon every 
change of the newspaper gamut. Thus Bangor has been wounded j 
and traduced at home and abroad by blockheads and notoriety seekers, } 
who deserve to be ducked in a horse pond for their pains. Thus endeth 
my discourse. 

Dr. Holman during the monlh of September gave sev- 
eral addresses upon the subject of temperance in Ban 
gor. They were to full houses and pronounced able. 

The canvass for President was becoming exciting. 
General Harrison was in the field against Mr. Van Buren, 
and was drawing a large suppoit. 

The banks declared the lollowing dividends: Globe, 
none; LaFayette i J4 per cent, for less than three 
months; Penobscot 2 per ceni. for four months; Eastern 
4 per cent.; Mercantile 3 per cent.; Kenduskeag 3 per 
cent.; People's 3 per cent.; Commercial 4 per cent.; i 
Bank of Bangor 4 per cent. 1 

The subject of a railroad between Bangor and the head ! 

of winter navigation was agitated. It now exists. 

■ ■ 

*Not true about half a century afterwards, when such hold their 
heads as high as others. 



Hon. Ether Sheplcy was appointed an associate justicti 
of the Supreme Judicial Court. 

In the widening of Main street, Hon. William D. Wil- 
liamson was allowed $400 damages for land taken from 
him. This sum was not satisfactory, and Mr. Williamson 
carried the matter into the Court of Coinmon Pleas, 
where the jury added $150 to the $400. Messrs. Gam- 
sey and Kendrick, in a similar case, were allowed a simi- 
lar sum. 

A railroad meeting was held at the City Hall on the 
13th of October, at which it was resolved, "That it is ex- 
pedient for the State to subscribe for a portion of the 
stock in a railroad from Bangor to Portland." 

The name of "State street" was given by the City 
Council to what had been known as "East Main street." 

The Bangorean, whose editor was Charles Gilman, 
Esq., was discontinued. 

Ebcnezer G. Rawson, Esq.. was appointed County 
Commissioner. 

At this time there were two thousand five hundred 
cases on the docket of the Court of Common Pleas, and 
one thousand six hundred on that of the Supreme Judi- 
cial Court in the county of Penobscot. Judge Ether 
Shepley presided at the October term of the Supreme 
Judicial Court, his first here, very acceptably. 

Samuel Hudson, Surveyor-General of Lumber of the 
county of Penobscot, grandfather of the mother of Miss 
Blanche Willis Howard, died in Bangor on the 25th of 
October, aged forty-two. 

In pursuance of an order of the City Council, the re- 
mains in the old cemetery at the corner of Oak and 
Washington streets were removed to Mt. Hope. Among 
them were those of Monsieur Junin, who was muidered 
in 1790. The crucifix and ribbon attached that were 
buried with them were found, and the ribbon was in a 
remarkable state of preservation. It appeared as if re- 
cently made. 

The information reached Bangor that, by the request 
of a meeting of citizens of Portland, held on October 
25, the Mayor of that city withdrew his consent that the 
"Maine Anti-Slavery Society" have the use of the City 
Hall for a meeting. The use of the Friends' meeting- 
house was not reluscd, however, and the meeting took 
place. There was a strong feeling in Portland against 
the anti-slavery movement. The meeting was disturbed 
by rioters. They threw missiles at the house, and shout- 
ed and hallooed like maniacs. The effect was to hurt 
Portland and help anti-slavery. 

On October 31 the people of Bangor were shocked to 
learn of the loss by fire of the steamer Royal Tar in the Bay, 
off Isle au-Haut, on the 24th. The vessel was on her pass- 
age fiom St. John to Portland, with a caravan of animals, 
and ninety two passengers were on board. Thirty peo- 
ple weie drowned and two burned to death. An ele- 
phant and six horses jumped overboard. The elephant 
reached the land. The vessel was at anchor when the 
fire commenced; the wind was blowing a gale, the 
weather was cold, and tile anchor was raised, with a view 
to lunning her ashore. The revenue cutter from Cas- 
tinc came to the assistance of the vessel, and was the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



693 



means of saving many lives; but all the property was lost, 
estimated at $200,000, including $60,000 in money and 
notes. -Tlie steamship liad been in Bangor not long be- 
fore. The fire was said to be owing to the gross negli- 
gence of the engineer. Great sympathy was felt for the 
captain (Thomas Reed), who did all in his jiower to save 
the people. The ship was new, cost $40,000, and was 
owned in St. John. There were several cases of individ- 
ual heroism, that of the captain in particular, and several 
of contemptible meanness and cowardice. 

The steamer Bangor was disabled in November by a 
defect in her machinery, and was taken off the route. 

The first tlight of snow of the season fell in November, 
and changed to rain, then to snow again, and melted 
nearly as, fast as it fell. But it at last changed its vacilla 
tion, and came in such quantity that there was a foot 01 
more of it upon the ground before it ceased. 

Dr. Charles T. Jackson, of Boston, devoted three 
months this year to the geological survey of Maine, be- 
tween Thomaston and the St. Croix, and u|j the St. John 
as far as the Madawaska River. 

On the 1st of November the right of clioice of pews in 
the St. John's Episcopal church was advertised for sale. 

The Bangor Glee Club (amateurs) gave an enjoyable 
concert in St. John's church on the evening of the 7th 
of November, and was well patronized. The building 
was about completed from plans by Upjohn, and consid- 
ered a beautiful church. 

The political campaign for the election of President 
culminated on the 7th of November, in the election of 
Martin Van Buren President of the United States. The 
vote of Bangor for electors was : Whig, 516; Democrat, 

312- 

The subject of a market-house had been agitated for 
a long time, and by request of the City Council the 
Mayor obtained the passage of an act by the Legislature, 
authorizing the erection of a market-house on suitable 
piers and works over the waters of the Kenduskeag, be- 
tween Kenduskeag and Central Bridges. The act w. is 
approved March 25, 1836. ,\ftcr allusion to tiie subject 
by the Mayor (Edward Kent), and various reports by 
committees of the Council, on August i, 1S36, that 
body appointed Nathan B. Wiggin, Paul R. Barker, and 
George Starrett, a Superintending Committee, to contract 
for laying the foundation for the City Market-house, be- 
tween the two bridges. The project, the location, and 
the whole proceedings relative to the matter, were gen- 
erally discussed, and by some very severely criticised. 
The estimated cost of the foundation, with exterior walls 
of split granite, and the building, was $40,000. 

One of the critics, in the Commercial Advertiser averred 
that the undertaking could not be completed without an 
expenditure of $100,000. 

The foundation was built in 1836-37, but no further 
work was done upon it by the ciiy. It stood unoccu- 
pied until 1843, when the southerly end was rented by 
Messrs. Smith & Jones, Shaw, Ames, and others, who 
erected a wooden building thereon for a market-house 
and public hall. This was occupied until 1846, when it 
was carried away with the bridge by the flood of that 



year. It was, however, soon replaced by a larger struc- 
ture, which remained until the foundation went into the 
possession of the United States Government, who raised 
and rebuilt the foundation, and built upon it the present 
substantial Custom-house and Post-office building. 

Joseph Chase, of Sebec, was a])pointed Surveyor- 
General of Lumber in place of Samuel Hudson deceased. 
The a|)pointment was sharply commented upon by the 
Whigs as entirely unfit, made for partisan purposes, and 
opposed to the wishes of those most interested. The 
only reason given for his appointment was that he was 
pleased to appoint no Whig deputies. 

The Bangor Lyceum was organized at this time, by 
the choice of Frederick H. Allen, President; Daniel S. 
Jewett, Vice-President; Moses Patten, Jr., Treasurer; 
Abbot W. Paine, Secretary; William H. Foster, Cyrus 
Hamlin, Peleg W. Chandler, Managers. 

Mr. Allen was appointed a Judge of the District 
Court of Maine; Mr. Jewett, a United States Senator 
from Missouri; Mr. Patten, a merchant, died early; Mr. 
Paine, Insurance Commissioner for Maine; Mr. Foster, 
a merchant, died at middle age; Mr. Hamlin has been 
in various important positions in this country and abroad, 
as will be seen elsewhere in this work; Mr. Chandler be- 
came City Solicitor of Boston, and one of the ablest 
members of the Suffolk Bar. 

The lecturers announced were ; Rev. Frederick H. 
Hedge (professor in Harvard College and D. D.); Rev. 
Thomas Curtis, a learned Baptist clergyman, (rom Scot- 
land; Edward Kent. Esq., (Governor and Judge Supreme 
Court); Prof. Leonard Woods (President of Bowdoin 
College); Cyrus Hamlin (D. D.); Thomas H. Perry 
(teacher); Prof. George She|)ard (D. D.); John A. Poor, 
Esq., (President of railroads); E. L. Hamlin, Esq., (State 
Senator); Frederick H. Allen, Esq., (Judge); a discussion 
on the Influence of Theatres upon Society, by Rev. 
Prof. Pond (D. D.) and Hon. J. P. Rogers (.-X.ttorney 
Genei'al). 

The Mechanic .Association was doing much for the 
improvement of its members by debates, lectures, and 
otherwise. One question discussed was whether the city 
should grant licenses for the sale of ardent spirits; an- 
other, should the county establish a house of correction 
where manual labor should be performed by convicts ? 
The settlement of these questions was in abeyance a 
long time, but it has been accom])lished, and it is to be 
hoped permanently. 

The meetings of the lyceums were crowded, and were 
of the most interesting character. The opening lecture 
was by Rev. Mr. Hedge, and was greatly admired. A 
debate on the moral tendency of theatres, in which 
l\fayors Cyrus Hamlin and Daniel T. Jewett led, interested 
the audience several evenings. 

The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad was so far 
completed that its cars commenced running regularly 
November 30. The Bangor station was on the hill souther- 
ly of Meadow Brook, and the course of the road to Old- 
town averaged perhaps a mile from the Penobscot River. 
Mr. Eldridge Harris was its agent. This road was the 
result of the enterprise of two energetic and adventurous 



6g6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



speculators, Edward and Samuel Smith. These persons 
accomplished-a great deal of labor during the few years of 
their career, were the employers of many men, and the 
disbursers of large sums of money, but none at last was 
found in their possession. Some monuments of their 
enterprise are in existence, but the railroad is not one, 
"Smith's Block,'' at the foot of Hammond street, how- 
ever, is. When at length failure attended all their under- 
takings, one of them endeavored to obtain some accom- 
modation from the State and was unsuccessful. In the 
wrath that followed his disappointment, and with longing 
to gratify a feeling of revenge, he resorted to that able 
lawyer, Jonathan P. Rogers, for advice. Mr. Rogers 
listened coolly to the statement of his grievance, and then 
advised him to take the State into partnership with him. 

There was at this time some agitation of the subject 
of referring the election of the judges of the courts to 
the people. The organs of the Democrats in Bangor 
favored, that of the Whigs opposed it. Fortunately the 
sentiment proved to be in favor of )jermitting the ap- 
pointment of the judges of the higher courts to remain 
in the hands of the Executive. 

Captain Luke Wilder, for whom, it will be recollected, 
Mr. Webster, on his visit to Bangor, expressed such high 
regard, and whose portrait he caused to be painted by 
Hardy, died in Bangor on November 24th, at the age of 
eighty-three. He was born in Lancaster, Massachusetts; 
was with a company of volunteers under General Stark, 
and for some time afterward a resident of Salisbury, New 
Hampshire. He came to Bangor m the latter part of 
the eighteenth century. He was a man of great kindness 
of heart, and had the respect and veneration of all with 
whom he came in contact. He resided for several years 
in Kirkland — now Hudson. 

The agitation of the subject of temperance was having 
its effect, in keeping the display of liquors from the ad- 
vertisements and counters of the more respectable 
traders, and in making some of the less respectable 
ashamed of their business. 

One man, under the promptings of his troubling con- 
science, thought that though he must sell liquors in order 
to live by the side of his less conscientious neighbor, he 
would continue to do it in a way that would be attended 
with the least evil results. He therefore made the top of 
the casks containing his beverages a part of his counter, 
and perforated it with holes that the water with which 
the glasses of his customers were drained might find its 
way into the dangerous li(iuid and modify its destructive 
qualities. His apology was in this very language : 

I know that selling ardent spirits is a great evil. I know that misery 
flows from it, and I know, too, that the more water I tnrn into the bar- 
rel the less mischief I do in the world. The fact is, I almost abhor my- 
self for being a rumseller, but my next-door neighbor keeps just such 
goods as I do, and he sells rum, and if I do not furnish my customers 
with the article, I cannot sell them other goods. Could 1 be assured 
that the professed friends of Temperance, who are now in thehabit of 
buying there, would transfer their custom to me to make up my loss on 
the other side, I would abandon the traffic at once ; but I cannot run 
the risk of depriving m}'self and fftmily of a living. 

Colonel Joshua Carpenter acquired an unenviable no- 
toriety as Sheriff. The newspapers charged him with in- 
terfering with jurors, which was denied, and with putting 



into the hands of his deputies a receipt, with instructions 
to take no other, which contained this form of agree- 
ment : — 

And we further agree that we have actually received the propdrty 
aforesaid of said officer; that it is the property of the said [the debt- 
or], and is of the full value aforesaid; and this receipt shall be conclusive 
evidence against us of all the premises heretofore or hereafter specified 
in this receipt, and of our liability to the said officer for the identical 
property aforesaid, or its aforesaid value in cash, at the option of said 
officer. .And for the furtlier security of said officer, we agree that he 
shall have a lien on said property, with a right to repossess himself at 
any time of the same; or to take of the property of either of the un- 
dersigned to the value aforesaid, at any time, into his possession for his 
said security; and that the execution or executions which may be re- 
covered in the aforesaid process may be levied at any time upon the 
personal property or real estate of any one or more of the undersigned, 
and satisfied therefrom in the same manner as from the property of said 
debtor; and that we will waive any irregularity in the mode of advertis- 
ing or selling any of the aforesaid property, or in the preliiuinaries to 
the same. -Any balance remaining, after all demands shall have been 
satisfied, which may then be in the hands of the said deputy, to be re- 
stored to us on demand by any one or more of us! 

John W. Frost, the editor of the Commercial Adver- 
tiser, who wielded a free pen, commented upon the con- 
duct of the Sheriff in a manner that would have dis- 
turbed a person of any sensibility. 

On the 6th of December Mr. Frost announced the 
dissolution of his connection with the Advertiser, with 
the intention of removing to the South. The Advertiser 
was to assume the name of the Daily Post, and be edited 
by Thomas Bartlett, Jr. Mr. P'rost was a member of the 
Bar, and a writer of ability. 

On the same day occurred the death of Nathaniel 
Haynes, editor of the Eastern Republican. His health 
had long been poor. He was a meiriber of the Bar, al- 
though he had been little in practice. He was a man 
of ability, and wielded a trenchant pen. He was a bitter 
partisan, and much of his severity may have been at- 
tributed to the condition of his health. 

On the same day A. G. Wakefield, Esq., Secretary of 
the School Committee, gave notice that candidates for 
the city high school would be examined in the second 
story of the back building in District No. 2, on the isth. 
Candidates for admission would be examined in " read- 
ing, writing, geography, and arithmetic, as far as com- 
pound proportion." No scholar under ten years of age 
would be examined. 

A condition of business existed at this time that was 
discreditable and annoying. The " credit system " pre- 
vailed to a provoking extent. It was a practice from the 
beginning of the town to buy goods on credit, and the 
new comers readily fell into it. There were many who 
indulged in this practice who had no other intention 
than to pay. They could have paid down, but it was a 
practice of the seller to put a high price upon his wares 
because of the credit system, and it was of no advantage 
to the purchaser to pay down. But there were many 
others who did not have the idea to " pay" in their minds 
when they purchased, and they would permit their bills 
to run on from six months to a year, and, unless dunned, 
would never think of paying. Grievous com])laint was 
at length made that men who were "living in the most 
extravagant manner," whose houses were "elegantly 
finished and furnished," who were using "money to shave 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



697 



notes at an enormous discount," would reply, when 
called upon to pay a small bill of groceries, that they had 
"no money.' That sometimes they would pay by a 
draft or note upon which the payee would get the money 
at the bank by indorsing it, and when it became due it 
would be protested, ind come back to the indorser for 
payment. Men of large property would allow themselves 
to be sued, and think the delay until an e.xecution could 
be obtained would be an advantage to them in the busi- 
ness of "shavmg." Men were so much in the habit of 
this that they did not reflect that it was dishonorable. 
In time, however, there was a reaction. The merchant 
found that a cash business with less "profit" was far more 
lucrative than a credit business with great "profits" and 
little pay, and gradually business reached a healthv 
foundation. 

.\ meeting of the Bangor Temperance Association was 
held on the evening of December 19, at which Professor 
Enoch Pond offered a resolution avowing the expediency 
of requesting the Legislature to repeal the existing license 
laws, and to enact a law making the traffic in ardent 
spirits penal. The experience had always been that 
license laws were ineffectual to prevent the sale and use 
of mtoxicating drinks by any one disposed to sell or use 
them. The annual report at this meeting pronounced the 
Franklin House, as a temperance hotel under the man- 
agement of Mr. John Frost, a success. The house had 
been purchased by a committee of the Association for 
$20,000. An assessment on the stockholders for repairs 
and furniture rendered the cost of the establishment 
nearly $25,000. It had been in operation about six 
months, and was so well kept that it had the patronage of 
others besides temperance men. 

.A fire on the 22d of December destroyed the wooden 
block at the westerly end of Kenduskeag Bridge, owned 
by Messrs. E. and S. Smith. The Smith Block, in im- 
mediate connection with the buildings burned, being fire- 
proof, escaped with some injury to the easterly wall. The 
loss by owners and occupants was estimated at $15,000. 

A magazine bearing the name of Maine Monthly was 
at this time in existence, under the editorship of Charles 
Oilman, Esq., and ably conducted. 

On December 19 the death of Captain Samuel P. 
Dutton, of Bangor, occurred in the city of New York. 
Captain Dutton was a man of great enterprise, and was 
connected with the house of Cram & Dutton, when dur- 
ing the unfortunate financial inflation of 1835 it was 
obliged to succumb. 

On the 25th of December Charles Rice, Esq., died. 
He was a prominent man in the county from the War of 
1812, during which he met with heavy losses in shipping 
and otherwise at the hands of the British. He afterwards 
held the office of Register of Deeds for the county, and 
other oflfices of trust. 

The Bangor Theological Seminary, at this time under 
Professors Enoch Pond, George Shepard, and Leonard 
\\'oods, was in a flourishing condition. The number of 
students was forty-eight. It had an excellent library, 
consisting of about four thousand volumes. 

The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad Company re- 



quested the city government to authorize them to lay 
their track from their depot to tide-waters. Authority 
was afterward given, and the cars ran in the centre of 
Harlow and Exchange street, drawn by horses, and 
greatly to the annoyance of street travelers. 

After the discontinuance of the United States Bank 
the People's Bank, of Bangor, was selected as one of the 
deposit banks of the General Government. From 
some cause the Mercantile Bank this month became a 
deposit bank. 

There was not harmony among the friends of the Ad- 
ministration in this city at this time. Their organs were 
the Eastern Republican and People's Press, and a war- 
fare existed between them. The history of the party in 
power is usually a history of selfishness and greed. 
While there is unanimity in maintaining the integrity of 
the National organization, much division grows up among 
local politicians from jealousy on account of the distribu- 
tion of the "spoils," which threatens utter disorganiza- 
tion, and ends in — haimonious enthusiasm at the next 
general election. 

December 31st. The year closed with the temperature 
at fourteen degrees below zero. 



CHAPTER XXX. 

Vear Opens Bad Financially— Bank War— Court Dockeis— Vaccina- 
tion — Teachers' Association— .Municipal fudge Excitement— .Amos 
Davis Case— Productiveness of the Soil— Total .Abstinence- Edward 
Kent Elected Mayor— .Aldermen and Council— .Surplus Revenue- 
Otis Small, Sheriff— City Officers— Lyceum— Post-office .Affairs— 
Iheatre — Taxation .Avoided — Population — Eastern Credit— Specie 
Payments .Suspended — Geological Survey— Bangor Journal— Habits 
of the People— Suffolk Bank System— City .Appropriations— Fiske's 
Grievances — Boundary Trouble— Greeley .Arrested — Military Pronun- 
cianientos — Bangor House Ditficulty— Surplus Revenue Question — 
William Lloyd Garrison— .Anti-Slavery Society Organized. 

1837. The year opened in Bangor with a financially 
bad aspect. The banks were at war with each other. 
The Eastern and Mercantile had severed their connec- 
tion with the Suffolk Bank, and would keep no funds 
there : and wished the others to follow their e.xample, 
which they were not inclined to do. .And, it is said, their 
antagonism prevented their making discounts and accom- 
modating the merchants. These banks had a circulation 
at the opening of the year 1836 of upwards of $350,000, 
and money was easy: now their circulation did not exceed 
$175,000, and there was great difficulty in doing business 
because of the stringency occasioned, as, it was alleged, 
by the "manner of conducting business," and not, as has 
been supposed, by "the inability of the banks to sustain 
themselves through the pressure." It is hardly supposa- 
ble, if the banks could have, in their belief, accommo- 
dated their customers and at the same time sustained 
themselves, that they would not have done so. The fact 



> lY 



698 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



is that there was a general dearth of money all over the 
country, occasioned by a want of confidence, as there 
always is after a period of inflation and crazy speculation. 

What confidence could be had in a business commu- 
nity like that of Penobscot county where the court 
dockets were laboring under the burthen of from three 
to five thousand actions, and increasing? 

The Penobscot Agricultural Society held its annual 
meeting on January 2, and before adjourning considered 
this sentiment; "Eastern Lands: Like good cider or beer, 
must undergo the process of fermentation. The scum 
having worked off, farming friends will not object to it." 

By the Circular of the Secretary of the Treasury of 
the United States, issued January 3, 1837, the amount of 
surplus revenue to the credit of Maine was $1,274,- 
451.02. 

Mrs. Lemon and sister, with friends, "gave a concert 
of sacred music at the Baptist church, for the benefit of 
the poor and needy of the city of Bangor," on the i6th, 
which was well attended and complimented. Receipts 
$134.50. The tickets to the concert were twenty-five 
cents each. 

General Samuel Veazie, of Bangor, was elected by the 
Legislature a member of the Governor's Council. 

The City Council paid $986 for the vaccination of the 
inhabitants. The number of inhabitants on which the 
operation was successfully performed was 1,972. 

The Penobscot Association of Teachers held a meet- 
ing at Exeter. .\n able address was delivered by Hon. 
S. H. Blake, of Bangor, and a copy was requested for 
publication. 

In this winter of "no currency," many persons who 
usually had no trouble in paying their rent were at their 
wits' end as to where they could possibly look for the 
means. While two tenants were ruminating over their 
situation, their landlord appeared, and witnessing unmis- 
takable signs of want in their houses, he relieved them 
somewhat of their trouble and won their gratitude, by 
bidding them give themselves no anxiety about the rent, 
for he should not require it of them during the continu- 
ance of the hard times. Another gentleman sent a load 
of wood to his debtor. 

The Mechanic Association elected John S. Sayward 
President, Joseph Kendrick Vice-President, Joseph Wing 
Treasurer, Samuel Reynolds Secretary, .Samuel Ramsdell 
Librarian. 

The Bangor Classical Institute, connected with the 
Theological Seminary, was under the charge of Louis 
Turner, A. M., Principal. 

Charles Stetson was appointed Clerk of the Courts, , 
and Albert G. Jewett re-appointed County Attorney of ] 
the county of Penobscot. 

On the morning of February 3, Edward Kent, Esq. , 
announced to the couit then sitting, the death of George j 
Starrett, Esq., last evening, at the age of thirty-nine years; 
and added that "perhaps no man has ever more fully se- 
cured the respect and esteem of his brethren of the Bar, 
and of the whole people, by unbending integrity and in- 
defatigable attention to his duty, aided by talents and ac- 
quirements of highly respectable order, and sound, prac- 



tical good sense." As a token of respect, the court, as : 
usual in such cases, adjourned. 

A case of unusual interest was tried at the January : 
term of the Court of Common Pleas, Judge Perham pre- > 
siding. 

The foundation of the case was an indictment against 
Charles Burlingame, John T. Howard, ^^'iiliam Turns, 
Stover Rines, and his sisters, Mary Ann Rines and 
Sarah Lane, for conspiracy to destroy the fair fame of 
Julia W. Rines, the wife of Stover Rines, with a view to 
deprive her of her interest in her husband's estate. 

Rines was a strong, athletic man, of abundance of will, 
a resident of Oldtown. He had ac(]uired some promi- 
nence Dn the river as a lumberman, speculator, and cap- 
tain of a military company of milimen, liver-drivers, and 
raftsmen, who wore an appropriate uniform, and called 
themselves "The Rackareebos." Though an ignorant 
man, he assumed an air of superiority that gave him a 
sort of influence among rough people. 

This man, having lost his first wife, became enamored 
of a young lady in Portland bearing the name of Julia 
W. Talbot, a respectable lady, handsome, without means, 
and, having been educated in the refined city of Portland, 
with tastes dissimilar to his. He married her, however, 
and took her to his home in Oldtown in July, 1835. So 
far as appears, the first year of their married life was 
passed pleasantly enough. She was well dressed, and 
he was proud of her. 

After the ex])iration of a year trouble arose and the 
case developed the following facts ; Rines's first wife 
had a niece — Sarah Weston — who had lived somewhat in 
Rines's family, and he had sent her to school. In July, 
1836, Rines took his wife to Portland. There he saw 
his protege, Sarah Weston, who had grown to be, to him, 
an accomplished and attractive young lady of eighteen. 
Instead of remaining in Portland with his wife, he took 
Miss Weston with him to Bangor, where he left her and 
went to his home, which he had left about a week before; 
but Miss Weston appeared there the next day. After- 
waids Rines returned to Portland and brought back his 
wife. On their way they stopped at Augusta over night. 
After they had retired to their room Rines wanted to see 
a letter that his wife, while in Portland, had written to a 
young lady acquaintance. She declined to show it to 
him. He insisted upon seeing it, whereupon she tore it 
to pieces. At this exercise of her rights Rines became 
inflamed with rage and told her that if he had a suitable 
instrument he would "take her very heart out;" he threw 
himself on the floor as if unable to control himself be- 
cause his wife dared resist his will in not showing him a 
private letter that she thought it not proper for him to 
see. He, however, succeeded in getting possession of 
part of it, which he meanly read, and, as he afterward 
declared, found nothing improper in it. After this there 
was not any manifestation of affection by Rines toward 
his wife. The day after they reached home she was 
taken sick. Her sister told Rines that she must have a 
physician or she would die. He replied that she would 
not die; that he would not see her until after she had re- 
covered, (he had seen her the day after she was taken 



ji 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



699 



sick), and then he should take an "eternal farewell" of her 
— that he did not care if she died; that he loved her 
once, but now he hated her with a perfect hate, and said 
he would never live with her again, and gave as a reason 
that she had been unfaithful to him. She recovered. 
From the time of their return they occupied adjoining 
rooms and did not live together as husband and wife. 
She was deposed from her place as mistress of the house 
and Mrs. Lane established in it. His study seemed to 
be to mortify her. One Sunday Rines and his wife and 
Miss Weston prepared for church. Rines took Miss 
Weston and left his wife, who did not follow them. In 
the afternoon they all got ready to go, when Rines and 
Miss \Veston conferred together and concluded not to 
go, and he left his wife to go alone, .\fter August Mrs. 
Rines contined herself to her room during most of the 
time. She was enciente. In September he had heard 
she had said something about him and Miss Weston, 
and he told her that if she went out of the house and 
mentioned his or Miss Weston's name he would horse- 
whip her within an inch of her life. He said he would 
sink his property and go to the end of the earth before 
he would live with her. The others of the accused were 
at his home, and he was on pleasant terms with them. 
In December he went to Portland and left his room and 
bed in possession of Hurlingame and Howard, who oc- 
cupied them during his absence. Mrs. Rines had a 
sleeping companion — Sarah Elkins. One day during 
Rines's absence Howard and Mary knn Rines enticed 
Miss I'.lkins to go on a sleigh-ride to see her sister, 
promising that if she would go she should be brought 
back early in the evening. In the evening no one went 
for her, and she was obliged to remain over night. When 
she returned she complained, and could get only trivial 
eNCUses for the violation of their promise. On that night 
Burlingame had taken the key from Mrs. Rines's door, 
and she, not finding it, fastened the door with her scis- 
sors, and left a light burning when she retired. About 
midnight she was awakened by a violent breaking in of 
her door, and to see Burlingame standing beside her 
bed. She jumped over the foot-board, and, in escaping 
from the room, encountered Howard at the door, who 
exclaimed: "Now I've caught you !" She broke away 
from him, however, and escaped to Mrs. Lane's room 
in a state of alarm and prostration so great as to excite 
that lady's sympathy. Rines soon after returned, and 
his intimacy with these fellows was so marked, and his 
conduct in regard to his wife was of such a character, as 
to leave no doubt of a conspiracy between them to ruin 
her character. There was a great deal of testimony im- \ 
plicatmg all the accused, except Mrs. Lane, who was ac- 
quitted. All the others were convicted. 

Several points of law raised by the counsel for the de- 
fendants, Messrs. John Appleton and Frederick Allen, 
were very ably argued pro and con by them and by the 
County .Attorney, Albert G. Jewett, and Edward Kent, 
for the State, and overruled. Mrs. Rines was admitted to 
testify, contrary to objection. Exceptions were taken 
and afterwards sustained by the Supreme Judicial Court. 
The verdict was set aside, and a new trial granted. 



The trial of the case commenced January 18 and 
closed the 13th of February. During a fortnight the 
courtroom was crowded almost to suffocation. The in- 
terest was intense, and the verdict of the crowd sustained 
that of the jury. 

The case was never again tried. Some arrangement 
was effected, and the case was dismissed. Mrs. Rines 
removed to Portland, and was divorced, She is now 
dead. Rines married two wives afterwards. In the war 
of the Rebellion he got into the Commissary Depart- 
ment at Washington, where he died. 

The speculation in breadstuffs was at this time exciting 
much indignation. .A public meeting was held in Bangor 
"to take into consideration the condition of the Hour 
market, and see what measures could be adopted with 
regard to it." A committee of five of the best citizens 
was appointed to report resolutions. The resolutions 
were long forthcoming. 

But "the people" were not indignant merely about the 
flour speculation ; they wanted F. H. Allen, Esq., for 
Municipal Judge, and had a meeting and nominated him. 
Unfortunately, they could not vote on the nomination 
after it was made. The Governor and Council had con- 
trol of the matter ; and the Democratic Bangor Post 
flew into a passion because "a few rich men," Demo- 
cratic taskmasters, had got up a petition for Samuel 
Farrar, Esq. It shouted : — 

Deniocr.its, will you mmelv submii to this? Has it come to this, th.it 
none but rich men. the President .tnd Directors of Ranks, are capable 
of discharging the duties of any public ottice? Look at your Sheriff 
^Carpenterj, your County Attorney [Jewett], your Clerk of the Courts 
^.Stetson], your Postmaster [TraftonJ — all exclusive Democrats and 
VIOLENT opposers of Banks! Yet all of them are Bank Directors. 

Come forward, then, if you are men, and resent the indignity cast 
upon you. If you are SLAVES, stay at home. 

But the Governor and Council paid no attention to 
this; the Governor appointed and the Council confirmed 
Judge Farrar, and he proved an acceptable Judge. 

Amos Davis was at this time a citizen of Bangor, but 
having been in Boston for some time, he was summoned 
before G. G. Hilliard, Esq., to give his deposition in an 
action then pending. To the surprise of the summoning 
party Mr. Davis refused to testify, whereupon the Justice 
imposed a fine of $20 for contempt. This he refused to 
pay and was committed to jail. Mr. Davis's next appear- 
ance was before Judge Wilde on a writ of habeas corpus. 
His discharge was claimed on the ground that he was a 
citizen of another State. The Judge said that any man 
might be summoned to give his deposition within twenty 
miles of his abode. It appeared that Mr. Davis was a 
citizen of Maine and his family resided there. It does 
not appear from the papers of the Justice that he had his 
abode in Boston for any length of time. If it did, 
whether he had his family with him or not, he would be 
held; as it did not, he should order his discharge. 

It was mentioned as creditable to our soil and farmers, 
that .Mr. Nathaniel Burrill, of this county, raised on 
"rock upland" sixty bushels of sound Indian corn to the 
acre, and forty-one and a half bushels of beans to the 
acre; that Mr. Heman S. Jackson, of Corinth, raised 
seventy-four bushels of oats to the acre this year; that 



700 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Reuben Hall, also of Corinth, had raised on two acres 
and 142 rods of land, eighty-eight bushels and three 
pecks of tea wheat; and that Reuben Gordon, of Dutton, 
had obtained 789 bushels of ruta-baga from one acre; 
and these were spoken of as specimens of what could be 
raised in this section. 

The Licensing Board of Bangor refused to grant 
licenses for the sale of ardent spirits; a fact deemed 
worthy of note by newspapers far and near. 

The principle of total abstinence from all that intoxi- 
cants was adopted by the State Temperance Society. 

The Committee on Building Market-house Founda- 
tion reported that they had expended for furnishing and 
laying stone, $8,291.62 ; for filling with earth, $2,295; 
iron work, blasting rocks in the stream, etc., $204.22 — 
$10,650.84, and the contract for laying the foundation 
was not completed. 

The Committee on Building High school House re- 
ported the expenditure of $4,800 in the erection of the 
house, and there remained of the appropriation $200 for 
fences and grounds. 

It was announced that B. B. Thatcher, Esq., a former 
citizen of Bangor, a lawyer by profession and a literary 
man, was on a visit to England, that he was at Newport, 
on the Isle of Wight, at an agricultural festival to which 
he had been invited, where he was toasted in connection 
with the United States, and made, a suitable reply which 
was received with great applause. 

Besides the movement for a railroad between Bangor 
and Portland, and another between Bangor and winter 
navigation, there was a movement for a railroad between 
Quebec and Belfast via Bangor ; and for another be- 
tween Quebec and Boston via Bangor. Connection by 
railroad between all the places now exists, but not by 
the routes contemplated in 1837. 

There had been much feeling in regard to the appoint- 
ment of Colonel John Carpenter as Sheriff, as well in his 
own party as out of it, and every lapse in his career 
while in that office was carefully watched. At last an op- 
portunity came to extinguish him. He was taken before 
the Municipal Court on a warrant for crime. He ap- 
peared in the official costume and with the official 
" presence " he assumed upon taking the office. But 
the end of the affair was his official extinguishment, to 
the gratification of many good citizens. 

The American Magazine, in an article appreciative of 
Maine, said that " more and larger fortunes have prob- 
ably been amassed in Maine since 1829 than have been 
won, in the like space of time, in any other State." 

Joshua Chamberlain, Jr., was appointed County Com- 
missioner by the Governor and Council. 

The canvass in the election of Mayor this year was 
brief and exciting, but there was little of that personal 
bitterness that characterized the elections a decade of 
years before. Edward Kent was elected over Amos M. 
Roberts by a vote of 719 to 376. The Aldermen elected 
were: Ward 1, Charles Hayes; Ward 2, Cyrus Goss ; 
Ward 3, George W. Pickermg ; Ward 4, John Wilkins ; 
Ward 5, Nathaniel French ; Ward 6, Bradford Harlow ; 
Ward 7, Samuel L. Valentine. 



The Councilmen were: Ward i, Isaac S.Whitman, 
HoUis Bowman, Charles Cooper ; Ward 2, Joseph Hen- 
drick, Cammillus Kidder, Benjamin Tainter ; Ward 3, 
John A. Poor, Richard Condon, Gamaliel Marchant ; 
Ward 4, John (Godfrey, John R. Greenough, Thomas 
Finson ; Ward 5, Andrew W. Hasey, Henry Little, 
Robert Boyd ; Ward 6, Nathan Perry, Eben French, C. 
B. Holmes ; Ward 7, John Short, Samuel Thatcher, Jr., 
Nathaniel Lord. 

The Whigs carried the city, and the Democrats the 
county in the election of Register of Deeds, Stevens 
Daias being re-elected over John S. Sayward. 

HoUis Bowman was chosen President of the Council. 
John Williams was elected City Treasurer, William 
Abbott City Solicitor, John (}. Brown City Physician, 
William Emerson, second. City Marshal, and Ebenezer 
French Chief Engineer of Fire Department, Richard 
Condon Street Commissioner. 

The Legislature provided that the "surplus revenue" 
should be paid to the towns and cities of the State in 
proportion to the number of inhabitants therem respect- 
ively. The city voted to receive its share, and appointed 
John Wilkins, the City Treasurer, agent to receive it. 
The appointment of this agent was made a party ques- 
tion, and the Democrats voted for Levi Bradley. 

Otis Small was appointed Sheriff of the county, in 
place of Joshua Carpenter, the high-stepping, demi-mili- 
tary Sheriff, whose services had been dispensed with after 
his unfortunate criminal adventure. 

The Street Commissioner of 1836, John Brown, was 
quite severely criticised because he did not keep strictly 
within his appropriations; at which he felt aggrieved. 
The criticisms, doubtless, were of much benefit as a 
warning to the disbursing officers of all the departments 
thereafter. 

A convention of the Whig members of the Legislature 
nominated Edward Kent as their candidate for Governor, 
and appointed James Appleton, of Portland, Elisha H. 
Allen, of Bangor, and Samuel P. Benson, of Winthrop, 
to inform him of the nomination. On their doing so, 
Mr. Kent replied, that if he consulted his individual 
wishes and private feelings, he should unhesitatingly de- 
cline the nomination. It was an office he should never 
seek, and would most reluctantly accept. But feeling 
the obligations resting upon every man to shrink from 
no duty assigned him, he should waive all private objec- 
tions, and consent. 

The nomination was favorably received by his party 
throughout the State, who felt that the prospect of elect- 
ing him was not discouraging, notwithstanding the Dem- 
ocratic party was understood to he in a majority. 

There was an effort made in the last Legislature to 
increase the number of judges, that the business of the 
county might be disposed of While the subject was 
under discussion a member remarked that, "If the people 
of Bangor did not pay their debts, the fact proved their 
dishonesty, rather than any imperfection in the courts." 
This led to a consideration of the "credit system," which 
was alleged to be inseparable from our institutions; 
doubtless it had been abused; it could not be abolished 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



701 



if it was desirable; it must, therefore, be regulated. "Give 
us good and wholesome laws in relation to this subject, 
and let- theni be impartially and promptly and cheaply 
executed.'' 

The citizens of Bangor were proud of their Lyceum. In 
their report of its doings the past winter (1836-37), the 
managers could not forbear to congratulate their mem- 
bers upon the unanticipated success "which had 
crowned all its efforts.'' Ten lectures had been delivered, 
and five questions debated and finally disposed of. The 
subjects had been varied, and to all appearance had se- 
cured very general interest. The audiences had been 
full and attentive. 

The exercises had been of a high character, and were 
contributed to mainly, if not wholly, by citizens of Ban- 
gor; and the managers affirmed that "few cities of recent 
growth probably could boast of a greater number of ed- 
ucated men." There were "gentlemen distinguished 
both for their literary and scientific attainments," who 
would be willing to contribute to the objects of the insti- 
tution. The finances were in a prosperous condition, 
and the Lyceum bade fair to be of great benefit to Ban- 
gor; and it proved to be. * There are now, probably, as 
accomplished scholars in Bangor as there were then, and 
a larger number of them. If there were a similar oppor- 
tunity, would they not be willing to follow in the foot- 
steps of their predecessors for the entertainment and im- 
provement of their fellow-citizens? 

There had been great complaint of the management 
of the post-office in Bangor. One cause of the com- 
plaint was the delay in opening the mails. At length 
there was a disturbance in the entry of the office of a 
violent character, that drew from General Trafton, the 
Postmaster, a long statement in the Whig and Courier, 
under the head of "Outrage upon the Post-office," in 
which he called for the names of the rioters, set forth the 
mischief and injury they had done, and expressed his obli- 
gations for "the courtesy and civilities'' wliich he had 
uniformly received from a very large portion of the citi- 
zens of Bangor. The editor of the Whig pronounced 
the statement a "tissue of falsehoods." That there was 
some noise in the entry of the post-office he admitted; 
but it was because of the refusal of the clerks to open 
the office after the mail was distributed, and the "larger 
number of our most respectable citizens" who were theie 
became impatient, and, as was natural, somewhat demon- 
strative. General Trafton was not there, nor his chief 
clerk, and all seemed to grow out of the tardiness of the 
boys. There had before been much complaint of the 
delay in the office in distributing the mail. There was 
doubtless a lacking of help. This was a difificulty that 
was not soon remedied. It was a long time before the 
service attained its jsresent perfection. 

The theatre that was opened with so much eclat last 
year did not come up to its promises. It was announced 
that it would be re-opened this year. The Whig affirmed 
that "it was a source of evil last year," and regretted that 
its pernicious influence was again to be exerted. "We 
hope, at least, the company will not be such a miserable 
set as the last. One thing further: Last year the theatre 



was a nursery of intemperance. Its bar was supplied 
with liquors of all kinds, and it was freely visited by per- 
sons of all ages." 

Complaint was made that a few days before the finan- 
cial year commenced, from thirty to fifty thousand dol- 
lars of the bank stock in the Mercantile and Penobscot 
Banks was transferred to an individual in Boston to 
avoid its being taxed, and the question was whether such 
conduct was commendable, or even common honesty ? 
Suppose the holders in Bangor were indebted to the 
vendee to the amount of their stock, would that change 
the complexion of the transaction of April 10? The 
City Treasurer, Mr. \Vilkins, communicated to the City 
Council the fact that he had received from the State the 
sum of $10,420.58. 

The Council passed an order that the money which 
had been or should be received on deposit froin the 
State be passed to the credit of the city debt and interest 
fund, and that what was not wanted to meet the present 
demands on the Treasury be loaned to one or more of 
the city banks that would pay not less than six per cent, 
interest. 

At the April term of the Supreme Court in York 
county, Judge Shepley delivered the opinion of the 
Court that the "surplus money could not be divided 
among the inhabitants of a town according to families," 
in the case of Hooper vs. Emery. 

In 1837, for the purpose of determining the proportion 
of the surplus revenue to which Bangor was entitled, a 
census was taken. From this census all foreigners who 
had not been in the country five years were excluded. 
Ward I contained 558; Ward 2, 1,109; ^Vard 3, 1,228; 
Ward 4, 1,170; Ward 5, 1,609; Ward 6, 976; Ward 7, 
1,756 ; total, 8,406. The foreigners who had not been 
in the country five years were estimated to be 800; grand 
total 9,206. By the census taken two years before the 
population was 7,547, making the increase in two years 
1,659. 

The credit of the East was in such bad repute that a 
meeting of merchants in Boston determined that they 
would not sell goods to go thither on credit. This led 
to an investigation as to where the balance of indebted- 
ness was between Bangor and Boston, and it was found 
that Bangor was owing $300,000 to Boston, and that 
Boston was owing $600,000 to Bangor, making the bal- 
ance due from Boston to Bangor $300,000. This, ac- 
companied by the fact that Bangor had on hand lumber 
of the value of $3,000,000, convertible as soon as Bos- 
ton and the other croakers were able to pay for it, would 
put Bangor in an exceptional financial condition. 

On the 15th May, this year, in convention, the direc- 
tors of the K.enduskeag, Commercial, Bank of Bangor, 
Eastern, Penobscot, and Globe Banks resolved that as 
the banks in nearly all the large towns and cities in the 
United States had suspended specie payment, notwith- 
standing they were in possession of their usual amount 
of specie, it was for their own interest, and the interest of 
the business community generally, to adopt the same 
course. They adopted it, not from any want of means, 
and assured the public that they would not suffer loss 



702 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



.11 



and that they should, as before, receive on deposit or in 
payment of debts current bills of the banks of New Eng- 
land. 

Dr. Jackson made his first report on the geology of 
Maine, which satisfied intelligent legislators that the sur- 
vey was of infinitely more value than the money e.\pended 
for it. A Bangor writer expressed surprise ''that any 
objection should have been made in our Legislature to 
the necessary appropriations for completing the under- 
taking." The objection came from a similar class of 
men who, from ignorance, or meanness, or jealousy, are 
every year doing their utmost to break down the State 
College, by refusing proper appropriations. They can 
see more beauty in a dollar than in all the good that can 
be derived from any intellectual investigation or scientific 
exploration or educational enterprise thnt will be likely 
to cost the Stateapennv. The perniciou'^ legislation in 
this State, in such matters, will keep the State a " back- 
woods" State as long as it continues. 

A complete geological survey of the State would 
doubtless bring to light coal, iron, and various other 
minerals that would be a source of vast wealth. In the 
course of Dr. Jackson's investigations a specimen of red 
slate came into his possession, covered with black oxide 
of manganese. This indicated to his mind, and he pre- 
dicted, that iron ore would be found in the locality which 
produced this specimen. On visiting the spot he dis- 
covered an extensive bed of the ore, fifty or sixty rods in 
width. Legislation which will bring people into the State 
would seem to be preferable to that which will drive them 
out of it. 

The Mercantile Bank, one of the deposit banks, fol- 
lowed the fashion and stopped specie payments. The 
other deposit bank,— the People's, — it is said, took ad- 
vantage of the fashionable condition of affairs and pressed 
a great quantity of its bills in circulation, while it retained 
the people's specie. '"A Democrat'' inquired where the 
specie was which people ought to have had when the 
surplus money was divided ? "In the People's Bank," 
he answered. "It is a fact, and the people know it; and 
when their several agents called upon that bank for their 
money, it urged upon them their bills, and were thus the 
means of putting in circulation a great many thousand 
dollars of paper instead of specie.'' 

The financial difficulties of the day were a CJod-send to 
the Whigs, and they could not do otherwise than make 
them do duty in their behalf They insisted that the 
troubles all grew out of the action of the Government in 
overthrowing the United States Bank and depositing the 
national moneys in "|)et" banks at first, and afterwards, 
deeming them unsafe, depositing them in the United 
States Treasury. In vain did the Democrats insist that 
the stringency was due to overtrading and speculating ; 
the people were told it was the Government tinkering 
with the currency. And the people will believe anything 
against the Government, even though by a little exertion 
of their own mental faculties they will perceive that the 
fault lies at their own door. But they prefer that the 
newspapers should do their thinking ; especially the op- 
position newspapers ! 



The first number of the Bangor Journal, a weekly lit- 
erary paper, edited by Rev. Dr. Curtis* and his son, and 
published by Mr. S. S. Smitht, appeared on June 2, and 
continued a year. 

This paper contained much valuable matter, but it was 
not a popular paper. It contained favorable notices of 
Dr. Jackson's Geological Report, and an early number 
contained a sermon from Dr. Curtis, in which he made a 
reference that may have touched a tender spot. "Spec- 
ulative habits," he said, "when most successful with the 
individual, are most corrupting and deleterious in the 
community. That in many instances they have succeed- 
ed is true ; and what has followed, generally speaking? 
The cultivation of the mind, the economy of time ob- 
tained by wealth to enrich the intellectual or train the 
moral powers? Has it brought into the country large 
libraries ; enabled any ten eminent artists to live here 
within the last ten vears, who could not live here pre- 
viously ; inspired even a better taste for any single liberal 
art or science ? Have not the fruits of this success been 
expended, in plain truth (in many cases), rather on the 
body than on the mind; on costly entertainments, showy 
furniture, and ostentatious personal display, rather than 
on learning, the arts, or anything mental, or moral, or 
benevolent ? Did education become remarkably so/id 
while whole classes of the community were growing re- 
markably rich ? " 

This Scotchman could put his questions more calmly 
than the speculating classes could answer them. There 
has been at no time in the Bangor history anything like 
the numerous and "costly entertainments"! that were 
given in the later period of the "speculation times " ; and 
the ambition that existed in the matters of "showy fur- 
niture and ostentatious personal display " had not before 
or has it since been so dazzlingly manifested. 

The "Suffolk Bank system " was now complained of 
as operatmg injuriously to the business community. By 
this system the bills of the banks in Bangor were current 
in Boston at par. By an arrangement of the banks the 
Suffolk Bank, in Boston, for a consideration, redeemed 
their bills. Without such an arrangement their bills 
would have been at a discount out of the State. It was 
said that the "course of trade '' was carrying all our bills 
to Boston, and they were going immediately to the Suf- 
folk Bank, and, notwithstanding all our banks could do, 
the balances against them were increasing. This, if con- 
tinued, must end disastrously ; and, as specie payments 
were stopped, we should have no currency at all. Better 
have a depreciated currency, which would result from 
breaking up the Suffolk system, than none; for with that 
we could buy the necessaries of life, pay debts, and trans- 
act business in the State. The question was freely dis- 
cussed, and several of, if not all, the banks withdrew from 
the Suffolk management. 

The appropriations this year were for highways, $5,- 

* Dr. Curtis was a learned Baptist clergyman from .Scotland. 

fMr. .Samuel S. Smith came to Bangor from the office of Glazier, 
Masters & Smith, of Halloweil, and was a famous job primer and pub- 
lisher for more than a quarter of a century in Bangor. 

:!; Large parties were given almost every night in the week, and the 
reigning belles had not sufficient time for sleep. 



1 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



703 



400; common schools, $5,400; high-school, $:,ioo; 
l)aupers, $4,000; watch, $1,500; fire department, $2,000^ 
salaries, $4,000; contingent, $5,000; total, $28,000. 

Dr. J. G. Brown having resigned a.s City Physician, 
Dr. Daniel McRuer was elected to that otifice. 

In the spring of this year the salmon, shad, and ale- 
wives prepared a representation to the l.egislatiuc to the 
effect that although at their last session they had passed 
a law whereby they "could more easily pass up the 
river," yet that they had not half done their work. They 
now could not get up the river by reason of the obstruc- 
tions, which they could not see till they got to them for 
the sawdust ; they therefore requested that all the saw- 
mills be annihilated, as their (the fishes') greater value "as 
a source of wealth was well known." 

Had Commissioner Elias M. Stilwell and his coadju- 
tors been here in that day, the poor fishes would have 
been induced to let the saw-mills stand, by having 
secured to them fish-ways for their own especial use, not- 
withstanding they still have to run the gauntlet through 
hordes of thieving poachers. 

The citizens were again incensed because Mr. (Ireeley 
the agent appointed by the County Commissioners of 
Penobscot County, to take the census of Madawaska, 
had been a second time arrested and committed to the 
jail in P'redericton. 

l"he editor of Zion's Advocate, of Portland, wrote ]_ 
from Fredericton on June 17, that he had that day visited 
Mr. Greeley in the jail; that he was a citizen of Dover, 
.Maine; that the actual dominion of the disputed territory 
was under New Brunswick; that there were British 
magistrates there; that there were a few .Americans set- 
tled there who wished to come under .American laws — 
but the great body of the people were French, to whom 
the two Governments were indifferent: that Mr. Greeley 
proceeded to take the census until he reached the house 
of one of the magistrates, where he was entertained for 
the night and permitted to go in the morning; that he 
reached the other magistrate who caused him to be ar- 
rested and sent him to Woodstock; but the Sheriff re- 
fused to commit him and let him go, and he returned to 
complete the work of taking the census. A messenger 
was sent with the information to Governor Sir John 
Harvey, who, after consultation with the Crown officers, 
caused him to be arrested and sent to Fredericton jail; 
that he (the editor) saw Mr. Greeley in an apartment in 
the jail writing a letter with the door open; that he saw 
neither jailor nor lock, and that he understood Mr. 
Greeley was allowed to go about the jail, but not out of 
the yard unless he would give bail; and that the magis- 
trate who caused his arrest said that the .-Xmerican Gov- 
ernmefit had "stipulated that the actual dominion should 
remain as it is until the final establishment of the bound- 
ary." 

This would seem to have been the understanding 
from the letter of Mr. Livingston, Secretary of State, to 
Governor Smith in 1831; but the military functionaries 
were on the alert for an opportunity to distinguish them- 
selves in maintaining the dignity and integrity of the 
State at all events, and the incarceration of C.reeley led 



the Adjutant-General, A. B. Thompson, to sound the 
note of alarm by General Order No. 57, dated Augusta, 
June 27, 1837. It began: 

I'ellow-soldiers, ila- soil of our Suue has hcL-n invaded. One of our 
cilizens, while in the performance of duty required by law , was arrested 
w ithin the territory of Maine and carried to an adjacent foreign province 
where he now remains incarcerated within the walls of a prison. 

The integrity of the State must be preserved. . . Our 

citizens must be secure within our limits. . 

The Comniander-in-chief therefore calls upon the militia to hold 
themselves in readiness to obey such orders as the security of our cili- 
zens and the honor ol the State may retiuire. 

Whereupon Lieutenant-Colonel Colin Campbell de- 
clared it his duty to issue what he termed "Militia Dis- 
trict Orders" under date of "St. Andrew's, July, 1 831, as 
follows : 

The First Battalion of the Charlotte county militia are hereby ordered 
to be in readiness to march at an hours warning, either to Fredericton 
or such other point as may be directed by his Excellency, the Lieuten- 
,int-Govcrnor and Commande--in-Chief. 

Then followed the response of Major-General Isaac 
Hodsdon. After referring to the call of the General Or- 
der No. 57, and the cause of it, in his Division Circular, 
under date of July 12, 1837, the jNLajor-General says: 

To this call of the Commander-in-chief the Major-General heartily 
responds, and has great pleasure in believing that the troops of this Di- 
vision would give a cordial welcome to any orders from the proper au- 
thority which would authorize them to establish, in double-quick lime, 
the N'ortheastern boundary of this State, so far easterly from the ■■Mon- 
ument" as to include Fredericton jail. . . It is a subject 
of regret ihat any existing controversy respecting the boundary of this 
State should be used as an apolog> for not protecting our citizens in 
the enjoyment of our liberties against the kidnapping and piratical at- 
tacks of a mere province to that (iovcrnment whose whole n,ational 
force has more than once been humbled by the military power of the 
L'niled States. 

By the law of nations, the sovereign power may grant letters of marque 
and reprisal on all persons grieved in lime of peace, after request 
and refusal of satisfaction within con\'enient time, and by virtue of 
these may attack and seize the propertv of the aggressive nation, with- 
out hazard of being condemned as a robber or pirate: and if these 
premises are correct as to Ihe injuries done to property, with how much 
more propriety may we seize, by way of reprisal, so many subjects of 
his Britanic Majesty's province as will insure the immediate discharge 
of l-'.benezcr S. Greeley, Esq., from his unjustifiable and illegal impris- 
onment in a British province? 

The whole of the circular, which is somewhat lengthy, 
is replete with the military fire and wrath of the Major- 
General, who insists that "it is the business of military 
men to obey orders," and not as soldiers to settle "na- 
tional controversies and diplomatic (juestions." 

The effect of the various orders promulgated, and ar- 
guments embraced in some of them, kept the public mind 
inflamed, and prepared the way for the demonstrations 
that culminated, a year or two after this, in that great 
general muster, and marching and counter-marching, 
and general drill and general cam[)ing-out, called the 
"Aroostook War." 

The matter between the proprietors of the Jiangor 
House and Martin S. Wood was referred, and the 
award of the referees, as published, was: To Mr. Wood, 
eighteen months' rent of the premises ; a promissory note 
of $4,000, given to the projjrietors; half the amount of 
taxes on the premises; $1,700 for use and depreciation 
of furniture; $500 costs. To the |)roprietors, $85 and 
half the costs of reference. 

Charles (J. Bryant and forty others made a petition to 



704 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the Mayor and Aldermen to call a meeting of the voters 
to determine whether they would instruct the City Gov- 
ernment in relation to the disposition of the surplus 
revenue, and if so, what disposition the inhabitants would 
vote to have them make of it. 

The committee, to whom the matter was referred, 
through Bradford Harlow, Esq., its chairman, made a 
report that, as the Legislature had deposited the money 
with the city in its corporate capacity, and held its prop- 
erty liable to the repayment, and forbade the distribution 
or loaning without actual and bona fide security, as the 
Supreme Court had decided, they were unanimously of 
the opinion that the board was not by law obliged to 
call the meeting ; that such a meeting would be inex- 
pedient, and that they had no doubt that all reasonable 
people would be satisfied with their decision. The re- 
port was long, fully discussed the question, and was pub- 
lished in the newspapers, and doubtless "all reasonable 
people " were satisfied. 

.Mthough Colonel Carpenter was scotched, he was not 
killed ; for at the Van Buren convention at Augusta, on 
June 28, he appeared as a delegate from Chester, where 
he did not reside. He claimed to be admitted as his 
right. Jona. P. Rogers advocated his claim, but the 
convention, by a vote of 81 to loi, refused to admit 
him, and thus the ex-Sheriff was scotched again. 

Having disposed of the Colonel and " old 'Squire 
Vance," the convention proceeded to vote for a candidate 
for Governor. At the first balloting there was no choice: 
at the second Gorham Parks received 167 votes and 
Rufus Mclntyre 137; whereupon Mr. Mclntyre expressed 
his gratification that he was not selected, and moved 
that the convention make the vote for Mr. Parks unani- 
mous. It did so: whereupon Mr. Parks, in a graceful 
speech, expressed his regret that the convention had not 
selected a better man. The nomination of his friend, 
Mclntyre, would have been much more gratifying to him 
than his own nomination. 

The small-bill law had become odious. It was one of 
those enactments that the people could not sustain. .\ 
medium for the transaction of business they must have. 
Small bills were as much a necessity as coin, for coin 
in sufficient quantities could not be had, except at a 
premium, and that made it impossible for many people 
to have it at all. Small bills, therefore, were a necessity^ 
and as necessity knows no law, the small-bill law was 
inoperative. 

There were two celebrations on the Fourth of July — 
a Sunday-school celebration and a military celebration. 

The former was at Hammond Street church. The 
spectacle of the large assembly of scholars was very 
attractive and inviting. Speeches were made by Mr. Kent, 
who thought that Sunday-school teachers should instil 
in the minds of their pupils the principles of temperance, 
and by appeals to their love of their parents and friends 
and hopes of future usefulness, to convince them of the 
necessity of making total abstinence from all that can 
intoxicate a matter of ]5rinciple: and by Hon. Mr. Red- 
ington, Chairman of the Executive Committee of 
the State Temperance society ; and by Jacob McGaw, 



who said that it was upon the Sunday-school that we 
must depend in a great measure for safety against such 
evils and miseries as existed in France at the time of the 
Revolution in that country, when ignorance and vice of 
every description prevailed, the Sabbath was abolished, 
and the country was deluged with the best blood of the 
nation; and by Rev. Mr. Curtis, who said that the great 
cause of the Christian religion depended for its future 
support and glory upon the Sabbath-schools, and enforced 
the proposition by an exceedingly interesting speech. 

This celebration was spoken of enthusiastically, and 
those who attended it were very agreeably entertained. 

The military celebration was by the military companies, 
and abounded with jiatriotic ardor. The oration was by 
Frederick H. Allen, Esq., and was pronounced "able.'' 
The Declaration was read by Major John L. Hods- 
don. Dr. Hedge made an impassioned and eloquent 
prayer. 

Speeches were made by George W. Cooley and Elisha 
H. .\llen, Esqs., and were cheered by "three times three, 
particularly the allusion of the latter to 'planting the 
American banner on the lines of '83 I ' " 

Sentiments relating to the Northeastern boundary 
were abundant and spicy. That by Mr. J. C. Haynes 
was comprehensive enough to suit all. " Northeastern 
Boundary — We will be King of all the Hither Lands, 
and old John Bull may be King of all the Further 
Lands." 

The celebration was non-partisan, and the local po- 
litical hatchet was nowhere visible. \ "good time" was 
provided for and enjoyed. 

.\ meeting of the citizens was held on July 8, in which, 
by resolution, they expressed their dissatisfaction with 
the law of the last Legislature "restricting the loaning of 
money to those who can give safe and ample security, 
[as it] confers a benefit, upon the rich while it defrauds 
the poor of the patrimony which our father's blood 
and treasure secured for the benefit of all;" that they 
were opposed to nullification, and therefore requested 
their next Representative in the Legislature to endeavor 
to secure the passage of a law distributing the money 
among the people." .-\mong the resolutions passed was 
this admirable one: 

'I'hat we will not, under any circumstances, require an officer to sup- 
port the laws, and afterward instruct him to violate them. 

Doubtless this referred to the attempt to induce the 
City Council to distribute the surplus money without re- 
quiring security, as had been done in some other cities. 

The Northeastern Boundary was constantly agitated. 
A letter from Caleb Gushing, Member of Congress, to 
Edward Everett, Governor of Massachusetts, containing 
a very clear statement of the American claim, was pub- 
lished in the Bangor Daily Whig and Courier of July 18, 

1837- 

The letter stated that in one of the committee rooms 
of the Capitol at Washington, there was a very large 
ma]5 of Lower Canada, ten or twelve feet in length, pur- 
porting to be|5ublished in England, .\ugust 12, 1815, by 
W. Faden, Geographer to His Majesty, and dedicated to 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



705 



the Prince Regent by its author, Colonel G. Bouchette, 
his Majesty's Surveyor General : 

At on^extiemityof this British map. stamped all over with the seal 
of official authenticity and royal authority, is a country marl<ed off as 
usual, and occupying one-half of the width of the map, designated as 
the "Province of Maine." The words Province of Maine nm across 
the River St. John, and also north of the St. John across the River 
Madawaska. Towards the St. Lawrence there is depicted a range of 
highlands, thus designated on the map, " Northeasterly ridge or height 
of land— and projected where the United States claim the line to be." 
South of it (this range) entirely, are the River St. Francis, 
a main branch of the St. John, on the Canada side; Temiscoula Lake, 
which is the reservoir of the Madawaska, another branch of the St. 
lohn, on the same side, and numerous lake streams flowing into the 
Temiscouta Lake. 

You perceive that on this map the head-waters of the great river St. 
John and its upper tributary streams, and the extensive region of coun- 
try watered by them, are placed wholly and universally within thelimits 
of the United States. 

Mr. Gushing adds: 

Great Britain wants this territory, and having failed once to obtain it 
bv conquest, she is now endeavoring to obtain it by diplomacy, and tc 
transfer the boundary highlands from the northerly to the southerly 
iide of the head-waters of the St. John, and take six million acres of 
land from the United States. 

We of the United States maintain that, from the ascertained point 
of the source of the St. Croix, the river runs due north to highlands ad- 
joining the tributary streams of the St. Lawrence, and thence south- 
westerly by such highlands, to the head-waters of the Connecticut. We 
claim this tract of highlands to be the traditionary line, and the only 
line which fulfils the requisition of the treaty of peace.* 

Major Simon Harriman, whose name has been some- 
what conspicuous in these pages, died on the 29th of 
July, at the age of seventy-five. He was a soldier of the 
Revolution. 

On July 31 plans for a market-house were reported to 
the City Council, and the report was accepted. 

Taking his text from the assertion of some one abroad 
who had been in Bangor this season, that he had counted 
the vacant stores and there were "at this moment" loi 
destitute of occupants," a writer says that, "taking into 
view the whole subject connected with its history, no 
place in the Union is in better trim or freer from debt 
than Bangor, and talking of business, if we look at Bos- 
ton and New York, our own city is a queen to them. 
For the last month (this was in August) our wharves 
have been constantly thronged by vessels, lading and 
unlading, and it is even a matter of astonishment to us to 
witness so much activity among our citizens, whilst at the 
same time the cry of 'hard times and no money' is 
kept up." 

Notwithstanding all this, Bangor did not continue to 
progress in the same ratio with Boston and New York. 
It had much to contend against; it grew slowly; its citi- 
zens accumulated wealth, and all, but tlie population that 
are ever on the wing, were contented with their lot. 

State politics were active. Gorham Parks being the 
candidate of the Democrats, and Edward Kent the can- 
didate of the Whigs, and both belonging to Bangor, 
there was much sharp criticism by the organs of the two 
parties. Mr. Parks having been in Congress and in 
various public positions, had given his opponents op- 



*In another letter published in the Whig and Courier of July 25, 
Mr. Cushing presented the argument /ro and 1:0/1. A third letter was 
pubhshed in the Whig August ist, and a fourth in the Whig of August 
8ih. 



portunity to question him sharply upon matters in which 
he had made himself conspicuous, as: 

"Who voted in Congress against the distribution of 
the surplus revenue?" 

"Who voted against the appropriations for erecting 
fortifications on the Penobscot River?" 

" Who prevented Governor Lincoln, of Massachusetts, 
on the floor of Congress from advocating the speedy 
settlement of the Northeastern boundary?" 

And they charged him with opposing Mr. Clay's 
Land Distribution Bill, and gave as a reason that he was 
in favor of fortifications and then turned round and 
voted against fortifications, including several in his own 
State. 

Mr. Kent had made himself prominent on the Argyle 
question, otherwise the Democrats could not at that time 
find much in his public life for criticism. They accused 
him of making an agrarian speech in the Legislature of 
1830, but did not make count upon the effect of the 
criticism. This was not personal, farther than the per- 
son was connected with public acts, for which his party 
as well as himself was responsible. 

One charge the Whigs made against Mr. Parks was that 
he extenuated the crime of Colonel Carpenter. Several 
affidavits of several respectable citizen were published 
to that effect, and doubtless it operated against his 
election. It proved that however sincere a man may be 
in his belief is not always prudent to express, it espe- 
cially when it is in opposition to the moral sense of the 
conmiunity, and he is a candidate for office. The fol- 
lowing is the affidavit of, at that time, one of the oldest 
and most respectable and well-known of the citizens: 

B.\NGOK. .August, 1837. 

I hereby certify that, after the return of Colonel Gorham Parks from 
Congress, and after Colonel Carpenter had left the office of Sheriff, I 
heard Colonel Parks say. that he should not have removed him from 
office for the crime that he was accused of, and that he did not think 
the crime a sufficient cause to remove a man from office. 

WiGGiiNS Hill. 

Sworn to before Enoch Brown. Justice of the Peace. 

Other gentlemen made lengthy affidavits that Colonel 
Parks said that Colonel Carijenter was an honorable and 
high-minded man, and the laws he was accused of vio- 
lating ought to be repealed. 

Doubtless Colonel Parks was sincere when he said 
that his friend Mclntyre's nomination would have been 
more gratifying to him than his own. 

George Washington Dixon, the " American Melodist," 
of whom Henry Clay remarked that in his singing of the 
Marseillaise Hymn, he " could arouse feelings of the 
loftiest patriotism in the bosom of every lover of liberty," 
entertained a Bangor audience on the evening of Au- 
gust! Sth at the Baptist meeting-house, on Harlow street, 
with his national, nautical, French, Italian, German, and 
English melodies, among which was "The Fireman's 
Call," which he had recently written, and which, it was 
claimed, "far exceeded the Marseillaise Hymn." He 
sang it with great power, and some who had never heard 
the Marseillais Hymn thought it might be superior; the 
Frenchmen, however, would not admit it. Mr. Dixon 
had a good voice and sang with effect. 



7o6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



He gave a concert afterwards at the theater and from 
its receipts gave $50 to the Fuel Society. 

Captain Howes, of the steamer Bangor, had a griev- 
ance which he must needs bring before the public. 

He stated that on April 2d, at Bucksport, owing to the 
drifting ice he could not land his passengers from his 
vessel on the wharf, but was obliged to land them in a 
small boat; and as great care was required in such cases, 
owing to the timidity of women and children, he gave his 
own special attention to it; that the officers might not be 
obstructed in attending to their duties, an iron rail had 
been put around the promenade deck, within which 
passengers could move at theit will, and without which 
was a narrow space for the officers, and signs were painted 
on these notifying passengers that they were not to pass 
outside of tlie rail, for various reasons connected with the 
safety of the boat and passengers ; that while he was oc- 
cupied on the outside of the rail with the leaving pas- 
sengers, and as he was turning for some purpose, he came 
in contact with S. L. Haynes, who was directly behind 
him outside of the rail, and the space was so narrow that 
he came near being pitched overboard ; that there were 
others outside of the rail, and that he requested all to 
pass inside the rail, and all complied but Haynes, who 
was directly in front of him, and the space was so narrow 
that he could not pass him, and he repeated his request 
that he pass inside the rail ; that he paid no attention to 
it, but looked him directly in the face ; that he took hold 
of Haynes's arm and " told him that he must go on the 
other side of the rail," and that Haynes instantly gave 
him a blow on the side of the neck with his fist that came 
near knocking him overboard. 

The Captain detailed certain other circumstances 
growing out of the affair, showing that he did not forget 
it, and that he was determined not to have Haynes again 
a passenger under him; that he on the 5th of August 
afterward saw Haynes on his boat at Owlshead and 
ordered him off, giving as a reason his having struck and 
insulted him at Bucksport, and that Haynes denied it; 
that he told Haynes he would put him on shore at the 
next landing ; that before reaching Belfast he told him 
that he could go on shore at Belfast or proceed to Bangor 
as he pleased, but it was not settling the matter on his 
part; that he should have accepted an apology, but as 
he had not given one he should still hold him responsible. 

But Haynes concluded to explain. He admitted that 
he was outside the rail, thoughtlessly, with others ; that 
he was six feet from Howes, and he, in attempting to 
pass ran against him, who remarked that he came 
near throwing him into the river; that Howes previous 
to that requested the passengers to leave the side, and 
called in a fierce tone, " Clear out ! clear out ! you have 
no business here ; " that Howes was near the wheel- 
house, where there was space for thirty men; that he im- 
mediately complied with Howes's order, walking in his 
usual pace, and remarking that he would thank him to 
speak in a more gentlemanly manner; that he was then 
seized by the shoulder and violently pushed, and Captain 
Howes repeatedly vociferated, " I'll help you." "While 
he had hold of me," said Haynes, " I turned, and hav- 



ing knocked off a volley of blows, seized him by the coat- 
collar and shook him until I thought he was not danger- 
ous to go at large ; in other words, he was as quiet as a 
a lamb. I did not strike him, although I do not claim 
credit for forbearance, for I should have done it, could I 
have done so without knocking him overboard." 

Samuel Grant, by affidavit, subsequently confirmed 
Captain Howes's statement in regard to the affair at 
Bucksport, and to Haynes's striking the first blow. 

The moral of this story is that passengers on board 
ship, if they would not be guilty of a breach of the peace, 
or be the cause of a breach of the peace by others, must 
keep within the limits assigned them, and not trespass 
on the domains of those who have the responsibility of 
the safety, not only of the ship, but of all on board it. 

As the steamer Bangor is identified somewhat with the 
history of Bangor, and has been before mentioned in 
these pages, it is proper that a general statement in re- 
gard to her and to her final disposition, should be made 
here. 

The steamer Bangor was built in New York in 1834, 
expressly for the route between Bangor and Boston. She 
was about four hundred tons burthen, had fore and aft 
sails, and was a well-appointed vessel. Captain George 
Barker devoted a great deal of time in making arrange- 
ments for her construction, and in getting her upon the 
water. She was from 6 o'clock on Tuesday morning to 
Sunday afternoon making the round trip by way of Port- 
land to Boston, and back by the same route, stopping at 
Portland during the night. She was a side-wheel boat, 
painted white, and wood was used in her furnaces. She 
was popular while in the New England waters. She 
made her last trip to Bangor in April, 1842, and on the 
25th was at Portland. After she was put in condition 
for a voyage across the ocean, she left on the 15th of 
August for Constantinople, where she was employed in 
conveying passengeis until the Sultan took a fancy to her 
and put her into his navy, so metamorphosed in name 
and appearance that her old acquaintances would have 
found it difficult to recognize her. 

She was commanded for several years, before she left 
her original route, by Captain Howes, who was popular, 
except with Mr. Sullivan L. Haynes and a few others. 
After he left the Bangor he commanded several other 
boats, none of which came up to his ideas of what a 
steam packet should be, until he was instrumental in 
having constructed a very elegant, convenient, and fast 
boat, called the "State of Maine," which he ran between 
Bangor and Boston until her owners came to the conclu- 
sion that so fine a boat could do better elsewhere. He 
was born in Yarmouth, Cape Cod, and died March 22, 
1849. 

The Portland Transcript embalmed the memory of the 
"Bangor'' in the following stanzas : 

Staunch old steamer! thou art going 

From New England shores away: 
From her rivers, swiftly flowing 

On their wild and rugged way. 

From Penobscot's waters wide, 

Where thy fire-winged course was held, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



707 



Rapid o'er the sinuous tide. 

Thou art going, — fare thee well! 

Thou art leaving Christian lands! 
Where Marmora's brilliant sand 
Sparkles nealh the Orient sun; 
Where the Arda's waters run, 
Hasting gladly to the sea; 
There, henceforth thy destiny. 
Camden hill and Monhegin. 
OwTs Head Point and Old Seguin, 
Thou art leaving far behind, 
On the wings of steam and wind. 
Pemaquid and Belfast Bay, 
Up where the borough islands lay; 
Duck Trap Cove and Megunticook, 
All have given their last sad look. 

Where the Black .Sea's surges roar 
On the rough Romanian shore, 
'Mid the galliots' gilded prows. 
Thou wilt force thy sturdy bows 
Up Bosphorus's narrow strait. 
To Byzantium's water-gate, 
From Belgrad to Ereklire, 
From Tartarian Ocracrosv 
To the Grecian H.iero. 

'Where the knowing Yankees sat. 
There the bearded Turk will squat; 
Where erst speculators met 
On thy deck to "guess' and "bet," 
There Mohammed's followers grave, 
Turbaned lord and cringing slave, 
In solemn pomp and trousers wide. 
Will thy native land deride; 
While thy engine strongly works 
For those lazy, bearded Turks, 
They will call thy builders "dogs;" 
"Sons of Shittim," "Christian dogs!" 

Tough old steamer, fare thee well ! 

We may never see thee more, 
Or hear .igain thy merr>' bell 

'Mid the fogs that veil our shore. 

Great Chebeague, Hog Isle, and Peak's 

Long will miss its pleasant tone. 
While 'tis glad'ning Turks and Greeks 

On the Bay of Samassonon. 

And when before thee quickly rise 

Byzantium's domes and minarets tall, 
'Round St. Sophia's giant size. 

Where the Mufti's daily call 
Brings "the faithful" home to prayer, 

From thy steam-pipe, loud and clear. 
Wilt thou, "Bangor," then and there. 

Puff one sigh for "Portland Pier"? 

Colonel Parks was not exactly satisfied with the effect 
of the affidavits in regard to his position, that the law 
against the crime with which Colonel Carpenter was 
charged should be repealed, or with being stigmatized as 
"a levelling, destroying, revolutionary Fanny Wright 
Locofoco," as he was called by the Whig ; he therefore, 
in a long communication to Mr. T. C. Haynes, of the 
Republican, indignantly demurred to the latter appella- 
tion, and said, "I hold her character and principles (if I 
understand them right, for I have never read a page of 
her writings, and know them only through the medium of 
the public press), in utter abhorrence, that I do not yet 
believe there is a single individual in this city who be- 
lieves this charge against me. I an) for preserving our 
religious, moral, and political institutions, as they are se- 
cured to us by the constitution and laws of our country." 



The other charge he did not deny, except, perhaps, by 
implication. He said that, knowing the provocation of 
Colonel Carpenter arose froin personal and political 
causes, he "very probably remarked that he would not 
have been prosecuted but for political reasons, and possi- 
bly that if the law was never put in execution but for the 
gratification of private motive, and not for the further- 
ance of justice or the punishment of crime, it had better 
be off the statute book." But to infer from anything he 
said at that or any other time, that he approved of or 
justified licentiousness, was unjust to him, " and utterly 
without foundation in truth, and what neither of the affi- 
davit-makers believes." 

A. G. Wakefield, Esq., was one of the gentleman who 
made affidavit that Colonel Parks in the convention, be- 
fore him and Jeremiah Fenno, Esq., the other affiant, 
distinctly stated that the law against the crime with which 
Colonel Carpenter was charged, without any reserve or 
qualification whatever, should be repealed ; and Mr. 
Wakefield was sustained in this by Moses Patten, Jr., 
and William H. McCrillis, Esqs. 

But Colonel Parks had a more difficult matter to settle 
with meinbers of his own party, than that. He had 
stated to the Democratic Senator in Congress from 
Maine, Hon. John Ruggles, that he did not know who 
was to be nominated for Governor of the State, " but one 
thing he wished to have understood, which was that if 
Colonel Hodsdon should be nominated, he would oppose 
his election in every shape and form and at all times and 
places in which his opposition could be made to bear 
upon him." On Mr. Ruggles alluding to the doctrine of 
"regular nominations," he remarked that " he would op- 
pose him at every stage, both before and after the nomi- 
nation, regular or irregular, be the consequences what 
they might." He had also said the same thing to Gus- 
tavus G. Cusman, Esq., as was affirmed by Henry War- 
ren, the broker. 

Adherence to regular nominations was a cardinal doc- 
trine of the Democratic party; and one hundred good 
men and true, of that party, headed by William Emer- 
son, published a card to the effect that if this fact and 
another fact, that Samuel Smith, a late Federalist, was 
one of his most active supporters, had been known pre- 
vious to the convention at Augusta, they did not believe 
that Colonel Parks would have been nominated; nor 
could they, until the matter was fully and satisfactorily 
"cleared up," give him their support as the candidate of 
the Democratic party for Governor ol Maine. 

The effect of the canvass against Colonel Parks was to 
reduce his vote in Bangor, and to defeat him as Governor 
of Maine. 

Colonel Parks was a gentleman of fine personal ap- 
pearance, of courteous bearing, and a popular speaker. 
He was a lawyer, but more a politician than a lawyer. 
He never particularly identified himself with the interests 
of the city. He possessed considerable literary taste, 
but was a greater reader than worker. He preferred of- 
ficial life to office life. He left Bangor finally to take the 
consulship at Rio, under President Polk, as successor to 
Governor Kent, and never returned to Bangor to reside. 



7o8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Thomas Jefferson Forbes, a native of Bangor, son of 
William Forbes, died at Columbus, Mississippi, August 
21. He was a graduate of Brown University, read law 
with Hon. William D. Williamson in Bangor, and was 
admitted to the Bar in 1829. He practiced in Levant 
and in Bangor a few Kars; but preferring literary employ- 
ment, he went South, teaching at different places in acad- 
emies. He finally settled in Columbus in 1835, and be- 
came editor and proprietor of the Southern Argus, and 
distinguished himself by his "ability, learning, and accom- 
plishments." In its obituary notice of him, that paper 
said: 

Mr. Forbes, by the amenity of his manners and the excellence of his 
disposition, called around him, wherever he went, a large circle of 
bosom friends; while the high respect entertained for him by the citi- 
zens of Columbus was fully evinced on the day of his burial, the funeral 
procession being as large, if not the largest of any one ever witnessed 
in this town. 

William Forbes, Esq., father of the above Thomas J., 
came to Bangor in 1800, from Greenfield, Massachusetts, 
where he was engaged in trade several years, and was 
compelled to suspend in consequence of the embargo. 
He bought the Jedidiah Preble truck-house — the first 
frame house in Bangor — near the " Red Bridge," where 
he resided with his family many years. In 1803 he was 
Postmaster of Bangor, under Gideon Granger, and then 
Postmaster-General. He took a deep interest in educa- 
tion, and gave his children — five sons and two daughters 
— all the aid in this direction that he could. Two of his 
sons he helped to professions, Thomas J. and Daniel, 
who was a physician, and died in charge of a hospital in 
the War of the Rebellion. Another son — Charles — 
served in this war three years. His two daughters were 
educated ladies; one of them became the wife of Rev. 
Richard Woodhull, and the other the wife of Hon. A. G. 
Wakefield. 

Mr. Forbes was born in Westboro, Massachusetts, in 
1763, and died in Bangor in 1846, at the age of eighty- 
three. His father was a member of the General Court 
of Massachusetts twelve successive years, and his father 
fourteen successive years. He was the great-grandson of 
Daniel Forbes, a Scotch warrior, who came to this country 
in 1657, bringing with him the old claymore that he had 
wielded against the English — a weapon that descended 
to this great-grandson, who did service in the Revolution- 
ary War, which he engaged in at seventeen. Whether 
he, too, chopped off Englisli heads with this tremendous 
two-handed weapon does not appear. He, doubtless, 
would have liked to use it upon Benedict Arnold, whom 
he, with others, was sent in pursuit of, and whom he saw 
getting out of an English barge, but was so far off that he 
could not reach him. 

Mr. Forbes, with Amos Patten and Newell Bean, 
helped to lay the foundation of the Unitarian Society in 
Bangor, the meetings of which he attended. 

Edward Kent was elected Governor and Elisha H. 
Allen Representative to the Legislature a second time 
from Bangor, both Whigs. Ebenezer Higgins and Daniel 
Emery were elected Senators, both Democrats. The 
Whigs did not have the election all their own way. 

Hannibal Hamlin, Democrat, was elected Representa- 



tive from Hampden, and, with similar enthusiastn to that 
he has ever manifested for the success of the Republican 
cause, he labored when in the Legislature to prevent Mr. 
Kent being inaugurated Governor. 

It being the most gratifying victory the Whigs ever 
had in Maine, they brought a twenty-four-pound gun 
from Castine, that by it they might express their joy to 
Democratic neighbors in tones they could not misappre- 
hend. But they professed to some humanity, and to 
modify somewhat the thunder of the discharge they put 
the brass pieces of the artillery in operation, accompanied 
by the ringing of bells, with an occasional interlude by 
way of refreshment from the brass band. This multi- 
form music delighted and astounded the hearers from 
dawn to dark; and no doubt Mr. Emerson, Colonel 
Hodsdon, and all the politicians who believed in the 
principle of regular nominations, were impressed and 
gratified by this form of response to the effect of their 
action. 

The rejoicing was not confined to Bangor. The Whigs 
all over the country were e.xtravagant in their expressions 
of joy over the result in Maine — a Democratic State ! 

Mr. Garrison had been in Bangor and talked to the 
people upon the subject of the immediate abolition of 
slavery. There came to be many who believed in the 
principle, but they did not approve Mr. Garrison's pecu- 
liar methods. Denunciation was not agreeable to their 
ears; they believed in the theory of "easy blows," etc., 
and they believed in actio n. Therefore they organized 
the first "Anti-Slavery Society" of Bangor early in Sep- 
tember of this year, "Auxiliary to the Maine State Anti- 
Slavery Society," and adopted the following resolutions: 

Resolved, That this society, in common with abolitionists in general, 
repudiates the idea of wishing to amalgamate the white and colored 
races, and believes that whatever evils have resulted from such amalga- 
mation are justly chargeable to slavery itself 

Resolved, That we will never countenance the oppressed in resorting 
to physical force to vindicate their rights: but could we reach the ear 
of the slave, would entreat him patiently to endure till his deliverance 
come. 

Resolved, That while we admit and maintain the riglit of free and 
full discussion on all subjects, yet, in our judgment, individuals rejecting 
the authority of civil and parental government, ought not to be em- 
ployed as agents or lecturers in promoting the cause of emancipations. 

Resolved, That we are opposed to harsh, violent, browbeating, un- 
christian language or manners on the part of abolitionists, and equally 
so to all vituperations, gag-laws, and mob measures on the part of their 
opponents. 

Resolved, That it is no part of our design to aid in the formation of 
a political party — our object being e.\clusively of a moral, philanthropic, 
and religious nature, such as men of all political sects may unite in, 
and that we shall consider the object of our association as having been 
attained, when there shall come to be a deep, universal conviction 
throughout the land that immediate emancipation is equally the duty 
of the master and the right of the slave. 

Resolved, That the weapons of our warfare are neither bitterness nor 
wrath, malice nor revenge, but truth and love, which, though moral, 
are yet mighty, through God, to the pulling down of the stronghold of 
oppression. 

Resolved, That it be recommended to the ladies of this city to form a 
female anti-slavery society. 

The following officers of the society were chosen : 
John Godfrey, President; Bradford Harlow, Rev. Stephen 
Lovell, Joel Hills, Joseph Bryant, Timothy Crosby, 
Charles Plummer, Vice-Presidents; Rev. Swan L. Pom- 
roy. Corresponding Secretary; I'homas H. Sanford, Re- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



709 



cording Secretary; George A. Thatcher, Treasurer; John 
S. Sayward, Prof. George Shepard, Charles A. Stackpole, 
Anthony Woodard, .'Albert G. Wakefield, Henry B. Farn- 
ham, Chailcs Greenough, Executive Committee. 

This society had interesting meetings and discussed 
the subject of slavery in pursuance of their object to 
convert the people to the doctrines of immediate eman- 
cipation. 

About four years later a large majority of the officers 
above named came to the conclusion that belief was not 
action, and that until some aggressive measures were re- 
sorted to they had no surety of any emancipation at all. 
They therefore aided in the formation of the political 
anti-slavery party called the "Liberty party;" and 
labored in that until it was merged in the "Free-soil 
party," and in that until it was merged in tlie Republican 
party; and in that until universal emancipation was pro- 
claimed by Abraham Lincoln. 

At the meeting of the Penobscot Agricultural Society 
in Exeter, Mr. Kent addressed the society in the extent 
and variety of the resources of the State, and ranked the 
agricultural resources among the first. 

Governor Dunlap appointed Asa Redington, Jr., Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas, to supply the vacancy oc- 
casioned by the resignation of Judge Smith, and John 
McDonald Judge of the Municipal Court of Bangor, for 
the vacancy made by Judge Farrar's resignation. 

The following named gentlemen were the officers of 
the several banks in Bangor this year : 

Kenduskeag — John Wilkins, President ; George W. 
Pickering, Elisha H. .\llen, .\bner Taylor, John Godfrey, 
Directors ; Theodore S. Dodd, Cashier. 

People's — William D. Williamson, President; Isaac 
Hodsdon, Charles Stetson, Jabez True, Albert G. Jew- 
ett, Theodore B. Mclntyre, Otis Small, Directors ; 
Thomas Drowne, Cashier. 

Eastern — Amos M. Roberts, President ; John Brad- 
bury, A. Haynes, Samuel P. Strickland, Directors ; Wil- 
liam H. Mills, Cashier. 

Globe — Solomon Parsons, President; Calvin Dwinel, 
C. Cooper, J. .Appleton, Samuel Smith, Directors ; Sid- 
ney K. Howard, Cashier. 

Bank of Bangor — Samuel Veazie, President ; James 
Crosby, Samuel J. Foster, Nathaniel Lord, John Bright, 
Directors ; William P. Richardson, Cashier. 

Commercial — John Fiske, President ; Henry Warren, 
.^mos Davis, Fred. Lambert, Leonard Marsh, in place of 
Rufus Dwinel, resigned, Directors ; William H. Foster, 
Cashier. 

Penobscot — Isaac Farrar, President ; William Emer- 
son, E. G. Rawson, Jona. Farrar, Eleazer Coburn, Di- 
rectors ; John Wyman, Cashier. 

Mercantile — John Hodgdon, President; Samuel Farrar, 
Henry Warren, Oliver Frost, Francis G. Butler, William 
Weatherbee, Hezekiah Williams, Directors; Samuel Har- 
ris, Cashier. 

Lafayette— Thomas A. Hill, President; Joseph Carr, 
Joseph C. Stevens, Stephen J. Bowles, George Waugh, 
Directors ; E. T. Coolidge, Cashier. 

The triennial festival of the Mechanic Association oc- 



curred on the 18th of October. An address was deliv- 
ered by Franklin Muzzy, Esq., at the Baptist meeting- 
house. This address was listened to evidently with 
great interest by a crowded audience, and was pro- 
nounced "remarkably neat and appropriate." Mr. 
Muzzy was one of the first citizens of Bangor, and after- 
wards was in the State Senate. 

The initiatory steps for the establishment of the county 
of Piscataquis were taken this year by action of towns 
and the publication of a memorial to the Legislature, 
signed by James S. Holmes and 125 otliers, to have 
certain towns from Penobscot and Somerset counties 
incorporated as the new county. 

The managers of the Bangor Lyceum, E. L. Hamlin, 
D. T. Jewett, and Thomas L. Harlow, gave notice that 
the opening lecture would be delivered by George B. 
Moody, Esq.; that Dr. Jackson, State Geologist, would 
deliver a full course of lectures on geology; and that 
other lectures would be delivered by William Paine, Esq., 
John S. Sayward, Esq., Dr. McRuer, Hon. William D. 
Williamson, Rev. Mr. Pomroy, Dr. Barker, Hon. War- 
ren Preston, S. H. Blake, Esq., David Worcester, Hon. 
Henry Warren, and D. Barstow. 

Dr. Enoch Pond, of the Theological Seminary, pub- 
lished an exposition and vindication of the general 
form of church government adopted by the Congrega- 
tional and Baptist churches in America and England, 
which he believed to be more nearly in accordance with 
apostolic usage and better adapted to secure the great 
ends of church organization than any other of which he 
had knowledge. 

At the Charleston balloting for Representative to the 
Legislature, Daniel Chase received 240 votes, D. Chase 
received one vote, all others 240. The question before 
the Bangor public was whether any one was elected. The 
friends of Daniel Chase claimed that he was; the friends 
of D. Chase and "all others" claimed that Daniel Chase 
was not elected, for there were other " D. Chases' in the 
district. When Benjamin Swett was candidate for county 
Treasurer, "Benjamin Sweet" received votes enough, 
with those cast for "Benjamin Swett," to elect that gen- 
tleman; but the County Commissioners, on the principle 
that "every tub must stand on its own bottom," decided 
that Benjamin Swett was not elected, greatly to that gen- 
tleman's indignation. 

The MunicipalCourt, Judge McDonald, was entertained 
by a controversy between Mistress Honner Belcher and 
Mr. Abram Roundy, of the suburb Barkeville. She had 
caused the venerable Mr. Roundy to be brought up on 
two warrants for a breach of the peace. It appeared 
that there had been a bellicose transaction between the 
parties, during which the atmosphere became impregnated 
with soapsuds, dishcloths, old shoes, hot potatoes, and 
the like feminine implements of warfare, from which the 
masculine participant appeared to be engaged in defend- 
ing himself. The sympathies of the court were with him 
at the terniination of the hearing, and it discharged him; 
and further, to the utter disgust of the Celtic complain- 
ant, would not even listen to a proposition to require 
him to find sureties to keep the peace. 



1' 



716 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



On November lolh there were i68 vessels in the har- 
bor. The larger part of them were taking in lumber for 
the Western and Southern ports and the West Indies. 
There was much apparent business in the city; but it had 
suffered and was .suffering from the incubus of debt. The 
staple — lumber — was selling at low prices, but the citi- 
zens were anxious to relieve themselves of their obliga- 
tions. This year had, in a business point of view, been 
a trying one to Bangor. The over-speculation of years 
previous, the dissolving the connection between the Gov- 
ernment and the United States Bank, and stopping specie 
payments, affected business all over the country, and that 
of Bangor perhaps more than any other place of its size. 
As much lumber had been shipped as in any former year, 
it was said, but the prices were twenty-five per cent, less 
than in the last two seasons previous. 

In this month (November) Messrs. Jackson and Hodge, 
Geologists of Maine and Massachusetts, returned from a 
reconnoissance of public lands on the headwaters of the 
Penobscot and in Aroostook, and found, in passing up 
the Seboois, in several places the new red sandstone, and 
such as is associated with the coal formation in Nova 
Scotia and New Brunswick, and elsewhere. The indica- 
tions of coal were so great that they did not e.xpress a 
doubt of the existence of coal beds in that vicinity and 
near township No. 4 in the Seventh Range. They dis- 
covered, also, a large bed of iron on crossing the Aroos- 
took river, which they supposed, from the quality and di- 
rection, to be a continuation of the vein discovered by 
Dr. Jackson in the neighborhood of Houlton the last 
year. 

From the occasional discoveries and rumors of discov- 
eries of mineral deposits in various parts of the State the 
impression has prevailed, for many years, that there are 
large and rich deposits in various regions. There has been, 
however, very little effective interest manifested in regard 
to them. The discoveries on the Seboois should have 
stimulated a disposition to make a full exploration of the 
locality where coal is indicated. The importance of 
veins of coal in this region, as a factor in the prosperity 
of Bangor, cannot be overestimated. With coal, iron, 
and slates m its neighborhood, Bangor would not be far 
into the twentieth century before it would be a second 
Glasgow. 

Mr. Cyrus McKenney confessed to having been made 
a political victim this year, and to have endeavored to 
put Samuel C. Clark, Esq., of Springfield, on the road 
to moral martyrdom. He publicly acknowledged that 
he had wilfully and wantonly traduced the character 
of that man; had brought a suit against him for stealing 
a cow when he had an undoubted right to take her, as 
he (McKenney) had not fulfilled the contract on his part; 
that it had never entered his heart that Clark did wrong, 
as he had before requested him to take the cow; that 
Clark had befriended him, and he never should have 
taken the course he did if Clark's political enemies had 
not put him up to it, and he asked his forgiveness. Mr. 
McKenney was not the only man whom politics had set 
down to a "square meal" of humble-pie in the late cam- 
paign. 



A branch of the Bangor & Oldtown railroad extended 
the length of Harlow and Exchange streets from the sta- 
tion. The grade between the station and Harlow street 
was quite steep. On the 30th of November, before day- 
light in the morning, a car laden with wood in descend- 
ing the incline overcame the brake by which it had 
been controlled, and dashed down with tremendous ve- 
locity, arousing all on the route from their slumbers, and 
frightening one of the men in charge with the thought 
that it would be precipitated into the river. He attempted 
to jump from the car, and in so doing fell under a wheel 
that passed over and so seriously injured him that he 
died on the following day. 

The death of Edward Sargent on the 1 2th of October, 
at the age of sixty-three, was announced. Mr. Sargent 
was an old and highly respected citizen. 

Reports were coming daily that the Patriots in Canada 
were in arms. Papineau and O'Callagan, leaders, had 
taken possession of the old fort at St. Charles, on No- 
vember 21. On the 25th a Loyalist force from Montreal, 
consisting of two hundred regulars, came in collision 
with them and lost four men. 

The Revolutionists called themselves "Sons of Lib- 
erty," and issued an address to the young men of the 
North American colonies in which they contrasted their 
country, after seventy-seven years of British rule, with 
the "prosperous republics who wisely threw off the yoke 
of monarchy," and set forth, in detail, their grievances. 
"Hosts of otificers appointed without the consent of the 
people, to whom they are too frequently obnoxious and 
never responsible." The trial by jury was a "vain illu- 
sion." Immense funds were diverted from their com- 
mendable purpose and "made an instrument of corrup- 
tion." Public lands were sold to or bestowed on 
speculators beyond seas. Representation was a solemn 
mockery; a Legislative Council ignorant of the country 
and not in sympathy with it was imposed on them; and 
other causes of dissatisfaction. William Lyon McKen- 
zie and others had organized the rebellion in Upper Can- 
ada, and Sir Francis Head had offered a reward of 
^1000 for his apprehension. The rebellion during the 
year assumed such proportions both in Upper and Lower 
Canada as to cause considerable alarm. 

It was this movement in Canada that took from Ban- 
gor its military citizen, who three years before had made 
himself conspicuous in putting down the mob; and more 
recently in memorializing the city government with re- 
gard to distributing the surplus revenue among the peo- 
ple — Captain Chailes G. Bryant. He acquired the title 
of "Grand Eagle " in that movement, whatever that may 
mean, and afterward took it to Texas, where he was de- 
spoiled of it by the Comanches, who murdered him. 

The movement had no sympathy from the Govern- 
ment of the United States, and after the loss of some 
lives and property it was crushed out. 

The Methodist chapel on Union street was dedicated 
on December 12th. 

The Anti-Slavery Society of the city passed some reso- 
lutions relating to the murder of Elijah P. Lovejoy at 
Alton, Illinois, the editor of an anti-slavery paper, and 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



711 



condemnatory of the institution of slavery, which the 
Whig pubHshed "as a matter of courtesy," not holding 
itself "I'esponsible for any sentiment they embody." 

Abner Taylor was declared elected County Treasurer 
by the County Commissioners, in consequence of infor- 
malities in the returns from Dover, Exeter, and other 
towns which gave large majorities for Levi Bradley, the 
opposing candidate. 

The Bangor Sacred Music Society entertained a fine 
audience at the St. John's church on the evening of the 
25th, with choice music e.xecuted "admirably well." 
Christmas was not so generally celebrated up to 1837, 
in Bangor, as it has been in later years. Holidays had 
not become of frequent occurrence. Fourth of July 
and Thanksgiving were the only two established days of 
relaxation, though the boys had bt-gun to trespass on 
Fast Day. The Episcopalians and Roman Catholics 
always celebrated Christmas. Now the people appear to 
have come to the conclusion that enjoyment of the high- 
est quality is not to be gathered from "all work." 

A railroad between Bangor and Frankfort was contem- 
plated. A favorable route had been found that would 
^accommodate the Ham[)den villages, and it was confi- 
dentlv predicted that the road would soon be completed. 
Frankfort had not the enterprise of its neighbor, Bucks- 
port, which town has not only a road but has got 
to pay for it, while Frankfort has still to use the old 
stage coach. 

The year 1837 closed without there having been any 
unusual calamities to record within the year. On the 
15th of December a bloclf of five wooden stores adjoin- 
ing the Hatch House was burned, and the noted hotel 
came near being consumed, but that misfortune was not 
to occur until a later day. 

The citizens generally were gratified that Edward Kent 
had been selected to the highest position in the State, 
not merely because of his political, but on account of his 
moral worth. He was a man who had acquired their 
confidence, and they felt that the interests of the Com- 
monwealth would be safe in his hands. 

There was much effort made by the Democrats in the 
House of Representatives to prevent his inauguration — 
informalities in the returns being the basis of their labor; 
but the Democratic Supreme Court would permit no 
technicalities to set aside the unquestioned expression of 
the people, and on January 6th a committee of ten from 
the House and five from the Senate was appointed to an- 
nounce his election to Mr. Kent. Messrs. Dennet of 
the Senate, and Codman and Parris of the House, dele- 
gated by the committee, immediately proceeded to Ban- 
gor and performed their duty. Mr. Kent resigned the 
office of Mayor, and at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of that 
day left town for Augusta, "amidst the roai of artillery 
and the cheers of his fellow-citizens."* 



•Bangor Daily Whig and Courier. 



CHAPTER XXXI.* 

THE SUBSEQUENT HISTORY OF BANGOR. 

Events of 1838-1840-1841-1842-1843-1845-1846— The Great Flood— 
1847 — '848 — 1849; ^^^ Cholera year — 1850 — Statistics of Lumber 
Surveyed at the Port of Bangor — 1851— 1853 — 1854 — First Superin- 
tendent of Schools Appointed —1855 — Norombega Hall and the 
Post-office Built — 1856—1858—1859—1861—1862—1863—1864—1866 
—1867— 1868— 1869— 1870— 1871— 1872— 1873— 1874— Several No- 
table Fires— 1875— 1876 — 1877— A Noble Deed of Charity— 1878— 
1881. 

1838. The Girl's High School was established this 
year. The Principal received a salary of $700 per an- 
num. 

The fire-engine " Bangor," built by Messrs. F. Muzzy 
& Co., was purchased. About the same time three other 
fire-engines were built here. 

1840. The members of the Fire Department were 
now paid the munificent salary of $1 apiece per year, 
and this was in lieu of the cost of caps, clothing, etc., 
which the •firemen were expected to furnish for them- 
selves. The entire expense of the Department for the 
municipal year was but $652. 10. 

The report of the public schools of the city for the 
last academic year showed fifty-one pu]3ils in the Boys' 
High School — David Worcester, Principal, at $800 a 
year; sixty-four pupils in the Girls' High School — .'\. G. 
Wakefield, afterwards City Solicitor and Mayor of the 
city. Principal, at $700 per annum; and nineteen other 
schools, with an attendance of 23 to 115 pupils each. 
Total attendance, 2,566, of 2,921 in the city entitled to 
admission. Cost of schools, $6,175.08. A select school 
for girls, kept by Mr. J. E. Littlefield, had seventy-six 
students; and an apprentices' school, in charge of F. L. 
Washburn, had seventy two. 

1841. An incendiary fire on Harlow street March 5 
destroyed the iron foundry and machine-shops of Messrs. 
Hinckley, Egery & Co. and Muzzy & Co., with a loss of 
$15,000. 

An addition to the Almshouse was built. The cost of 
the institution for the financial year 1841-42 was 
$6,063.90. 

The Universalist society was organized this year. 

1842. The ex-Firemen's Association was formed Oc- 
tober 20, consisting of about forty members. James Lit- 
tlefield was President, J. E. Leighton Vice-President, 
William L. Parker Secretary, and John B. Williams 
Treasurer. 

The First Baptist Church was organized September i, 
in North Bangor. lis meeting-house was liuilt during 
the fall and early winter, and dedicated in Januaiy fol- 
lowing. The Rev. B. D. Small was installed as pastor 
May, 1843, and remained such until October, 1845. 

An arrangement was made between the city and coun- 
ty this year for the partial use of the Almshouse by the 
latter as a house of correction. 

The Fire Department now possessed five engines, nine 
hose-carriages, two thousand four hundred feet of hose, 
and thirteen pipes, a hook and ladder carriage, and a 
good supply of other equipments. 

The city debt was now $154,830.06^ 

• This and the following chapters of this division are not from the 
pen of Judge Godfrey. 



712 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



1843. The Bangor Mercantile Association was organ- 
ized November 30, and incorporated February 5 of the 
next year. George VV. Pickering was President, Jabez 
True Vice-President, Jere Fenno Secretary, and Francis 
M. Sabine Treasurer, with a full corps of tlirectors and 
Arbiters. By 1S48 its library was said to contain three 
thousand volumes, with Thomas Smith m charge as Li- 
brarian. In 1844 the library had seven to eight thousand 
volumes, with eleven daily papers and twenty-five others 
in its reading-room. 

The Bangor Young Men's Bible Society was organized 
in December. 

1844. This was a great year for the Independent Or- 
der of Odd Fellows in Bangor. Penobscot Lodge No. 7 
was chartered February 14, and organized in March, 
Kenduskeag Lodge No. 12 in May, and the Katahdin 
Encampment No. 4 in September. .A.U speedily be- 
came flourishing institutions. 

A valuable cabinet of minerals was presented to the 
Girls' High School this year by its Princi[)al, Mr. Wool- 
son. 

1845. The First Congregational church, in North 
Bangor, dedicated its meeting-house in April. This 
society had been organized in June, 1838, with just a 
dozen members for the beginning. 

The Second Baptist church, at the corner of M'all and 
Independent streets, was organized September 12. 

The order of Sons of Ternperance got a good lodg- 
ment in Bangor this year. Cynosure Division, No. i, 
one of the earliest in the State, was instituted August 
19. The ne.\t year Crescent Division No. 29, and the 
Eleusinian Temple of Honor No. 2, were instituted, 
October 18, 1847, Relief Division No. 92, in North 
Bangor, was formed. 

Three school-houses were erected — one on Main 
street, one on the Avenue Road, and one in District No. 
2, in the country. The rooms in the High School were 
replastered and newly seated, and other school buildings 
received a general repairing. The number of children 
of school age now in the city was 3,589, of whom 2,495 
were in the public schools, with an average attendance 
of 1,780. The schools numbered 34, with 36 teachers. 

The Penobscot Steam Towboat Company was incor- 
porated February 21, 1845, and built the same year the 
tug-boat " Tarratine," at a cost of $1 1,000. 

A special census of the city in September exhibited 
5,862 male population, 5,888 females; total 11,690. 

1846. Following the introduction of the reformatory 
order of Sons of Temperance the year before, came the 
Daughters of Temperance this year. The Central Union 
No. 3 was instituted October 7, and the next year, May 
II, and August 10, 1847, Coronilla Union, No. 9, and 
the Grand Union, respectively, were formed. 

THE GRE.AT FLOOD. 

This was the year of the tremendous flood in the 
Penobscot and Kenduskeag Streams, which inflicted a 
great and memorable loss upon the people of Bangor. 
The account written at the time by the Rev. Dr. West, an 
Episcopal clergyman then residing here, in a private let- 



ter to a distinguished clerical brother in New York City, 
remains to this day the best published account of the 
disaster; and we gladly give place to it here; 

To the Rev, Dr. Tyng, New York. , 

Rev. and dear Brottier: — We have passed through a scene within the • 
last two or three days wliich will deeply interest and impress you. Our ' 
city has met with a calamity unparalleled in its annals, and perhaps ' 
unequalled, in proportion to its [jopulation and means, by any in our 
country. We have been inundated by the river in consequence of what 
is called here an ice-jam. The history of the matter is briefly as fol- 
lows : 

It sometimes happens that the ice in the river breaks above, while it 
remains too strong at the outlet to admit of its passing down. The 
consequence is the accumulation of a dam of ice which completely fills 
the river from bank to bank, and heaps up sometimes to the height of 
from fifteen to thirty feet, and thus forming a reservoir of water above 
it, which overflows the banks and inundates the country around. 

The present winter has been a remarkable one in the mode of the 
formation of the ice. After the river was first frozen over, the ice con- 
tinued to form in cakes or sheets, and to flow down the rapids to the 
still and frozen portions, and these were drawn under. This continued 
until the submerged sheets were stopped by rocks or shoals; then the 
accumulation went on until the bed of the river became consolidated to 
an astonishing thickness. Around the piers of our great bridge it was 
cut through to the depth of about fouiteen feet. Thus the entire bed 
of the river seemed to have become, at least e.tcept the channel, an 
almost solid body of ice. 

.■\ few days ago the river began to break up for about thirty miles 
above thfefcill3£,-while it continued firmly hound for about twelve miles 
below. There were several different spots where the jams or ice dams 
were found; and when they broke away they came rushing down with 
the force of a mountain torrent, until the strong ice below resisted their 
progi-ess. These jams came down one at a time, and, lodging against 
another below, kept increasing their magnitude. The two most for- 
midable jams \vere within seven miles of the city, in the vicinity of the 
two largest and most important ranges of saw-mills. Those which 
formed above, when they broke away, passed through at Oldtown and 
Stillwater with little comparative damage other than carrying away the 
bridges and adding to the size of the jam below. 

The first movement was the raising the two principal ranges of mills 
from their foundations by the rise of the water. After this the first 
jam that passed down swept away the Basin mills, which belong to a 
New York company, and which rented for above $ro,ooo. They ne.xt 
carried away a large range of mills belonging to some of our most en- 
terprising citizens, and which rented for $15,000 per annum. One of 
the proprietors thus lost about $50,000. The mills in these two ranges 
contained about fifty saws, were possessed of the most unfailing water 
power, were recently fitted up with tlie best improved machinery, and 
performed last year about one-third of all the business on the river. 

The jams thus worked their way down gradually, carrying destruc- 
tion to bridges and small houses, and other buildings on the banks, 
until they were all concentrated in one immense mass of four miles in 
length, of great height and depth, and filhng the river, which varies in 
width from one thousand to fifteen hundred feet from bank to bank, 
.'^bove the jam the water was twenty or thirty feet above 
its usual height, filling up the rapids, and making a dead level of the 
falls. 

The first injury to the city was from the breaking away of a small 
section of the jam, which came down and pressed against the ice on 
our banks. By this twenty houses in one immediate neighborhood, on 
the west bank of the river alone, were at once inund.Ued, but without 
loss of life. This occurred in the daytime, and presented a scene of 
magnificent interest. The effect of this small concussion upon the ice 
near the city was terrific. The water rose instantly to such a height as 
to sweep the buildings and lumber from the ends of the wharves, and 
to throw up the ice in huge sheets and pyramids. This shock was 
resisted by the great covered bridge on the Penobscot, which is about 
one thousand feet in length, and this gave time to save much property 
from impending destruction. But, meanwhile, another auxiliary to the 
fearful work had been preparing by the breaking up of the ice in the 
Kenduskeag River, This river flows through the heart of the city, 
dividing it into two equal portions. The whole flat on the maigin of 
the river is covered with stores and public buildings, and is the place 
of merchandise for the city. The Kenduskeag runs nearlyat right angles 
with the Penobscot at the point where they unite. The Penobscot 




/^ 



^Ut/U^^ /> . 




HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



713 



skirts the city on the eastern side, and on the banks of this river are 
the principal wharves for the deposit of lumber. 

i must mention another circumstance to give you a just idea of our 
situation. ' There is a narrow spot in tlie river, about a mile below the 
city, at High Head, in which is a shoal, and from which the greatest 
danger of a jam always arises, and it was this that cansed the principal 
inundation. 

The next incident occurred at midnight, when the bells were rung to 
announce the givin.g way of the ice. It was a fearful sound and scene. 
The streets were thronged with men, women, and children, who rushed 
abroad to witness the approach of the ice avalanche. At length it came 
rushing on with a power that a thousand locomotives in a body could 
not vie witli; but it was veiled from the eye by the darkness of a hazy 
night, and the ear only could trace its progress bv the sounds of crash- 
ing buildings, lumber, and whatever it encountered in its pathway, ex- 
cept the glimpses that could be caught of it by the light of hundreds 
of torches and lanterns that threw their glare upon the misty atmos- 
phere. The jam passed on, and a portion of it pressed through the 
weakest portion of the great bridge, and thus, joining the ice below the 
bridge, pressed it down to the narrows at High Head. Meanwhile the 
destruction wis in progress on the Keniuskeig, which poured down 
its tributary ice, sweeping mills, bridges, shops, and other buildings, 
with masses of logs and lumber, to add to the common wreck. 

.At that moment the auNiety and suspense were fearful whether the 
jam would force its way through the narrows, or there stop and pour 
back a flood of waters upon the city, for it was from the rise of the 
water consequent upon such a jam that the great destruction was to be 
apprehended. But the suspense was soon over. A cry was heard 
from the dense mass of citizens who crowded the streets on the flat, 
"The river is flowing back ! " and so sudden was the revulsion that it 
required the utmost speed to escape the rising waters. It seemed but a 
moment before the entire flat was deluged; and many men did not es- 
cape from their stores before the water was up to their waists. 

But the ruinous consequences were, providentially, the loss of prop- 
erty rather than life. The whole business portion of the city was inun- 
dated; and so entirely beyond all reasonable estimate was the rise of 
the waters, that a very large proportion of the stocks of goods in the 
stores were flooded. Precautions had been taken in the lower part of 
the city to remove goods from the first to the second story, and yet 
many who did so had the floors of the second story burst up and their 
goods let down into the water below; while in the higher portions, 
where the goods were piled upon and about the counters, the waters 
rose above them and involved them in a common destruction. Others, 
who did not remove their goods, suffered a total loss of them. 

Thus fir, however, the devastation was confined to the least valuable 
part of the wealth of the city. The lumber on the wharves constitutes 
the larger portiou of the available property of the city; and here a kind 
Providence has spared the devoted city, and by one of those singul.ir 
methods by which a present evil, which seems to be the greatest that 
could be inflicted, is the me.ms of averting a greater one; for it was the 
occurrence of the jam whi'jh. while it inundated the stores, appeared to 
be the means of saving the lumber. The pressure of the ice against the 
wharves and lumber was so great as to wedge it in with immense 
stiength and formed a sort of w.ill outside the wharves, from which the 
jam, when it started, separated and p.issed out, leaving the lumber safe, 
though injured. 

After the ice stopped, things remained in this situation during the next 
day, which was Sunday — the saddest and most serious Sunday, proba- 
bly, ever passed in Bangor. Few, however, could spend the day in 
worship. All that could labor were employed, while the flood kept ris- 
ing, in rescuing what property could be saved from the waters, and in 
taking poor families from their windows in boats. 

The closing scene of this dreadful disaster occurred on Sunday even- 
ing, beginning at about 7 o'clock. The alarm was again rung through 
the streets that the jam had given way. The cftizens again rushed 
abroad to witness what they knew must be one of t -e most sublime 
and awful scenes of nature, and also to learn the full extent of the 
calamity. Few, however, were able to catch a sight of the breaking 
up of the jam, which, for magnitude, it is certain, has not occurred on 
this river for more than one hundred years. The whole river was like 
a boiling cauldron, with masses of ice upheaved as by a volcano. But 
soon the darkness shiouded the scenein part. The ear. however, could 
hear the roaring of the waters and the crash of buildings, bridges, and 
lumber, and the eye could trace the mammoth ice jam of four miles 
long, which passed on majestic dly, but with lightning rapidity, l)earing 
the contents of both rivers on its bosom. The noble covered bridge of 
the Penobscot, two bridges of the Isenduskeag. and the two long 
90 



ranges of saw-mills, besides other mills, houses, shops, logs, and lum- 
ber enough to build up a considerable village. The new market 
floaleJ over the lower bridge across the Kenduskeag, a part of which 
remains, and, most h.jppily, landed at a point of the wharves, where it 
sunk, and formed the nucleus of a sort of boom, which stopped the 
masses of floating lumber in the Kenduskeag, and protected thousands 
of dollars' worth of lumber on the wharves below. 

So suddenly and so rapidly was all this enacted, that it seems impos- 
sible to believe it to have occurred without loss of life. Yet such 
appears to be the happy result. 

The individual losses are very great. Some have lost their all. and 
many from five to fifty thousand dollars each ; yet the aggregate will be 
swelled, by a first estinnte far beyond its real amount. From wh.it I 
have already seen, I think there is no reason whatever for the friends of 
Bangor abroad to entertain any distrust respecting its recovery and pro- 
gressive prosperity. 

Very truly, your friend and brother, 

John West. 

Bangor, Maine, March 30. 1849. 

The Bangor Courier of a contemporaneous date has in 
its columns a recital of various interesting incidents, from 
which we cite the following : 

VVe could not bring ourselves to believe that the market-house, in 
which we had our office, would be removed. We were induced to 
move our materials at the earnest solicitation of friends, and under 
their strong advice. We felt all the while as though the al.»rm would 
soon be over, and labor resumed in the old premises, and therefore a 
clumsy article here and another there were left, until the value of the 
aggregate was about $200, the removal of which we thought we had 
wisely avoided. The market moved off majestically, but with gentle 
dalliance, until it plunged forward from the bridge into the fast receding 
current of the stream, when it righted with a ship-like propriety, bear- 
ing aloft a beautiful flag-st.aff— emblem of Liberty, erected in honor of 
Henry Clay, the beloved and whole-hearted patriot and orator, who in 
private station receives the highest attentions and sincerest regards of 
the American people — and sped its way onward to the ocean, until, 
happily bethinking how many little articles it contained which would 
be so missed and mourned, it settled down with a determination 
to proceed no further. We visited the wreck in the evening, and, fear- 
ing it might prove our last, we bore away several pamphlets and doc- 
uments as prizes. At an early hour yesterday morning we paid it 
another visit, when, in company with our office hands, and the kind 
help and timely suggestions of personal friends and a few strangers, we 
succeeded in securing every article of value. There happened to be one 
case of type left in one of the racks which had ridden out the perils and 
roughness of the voyage without spiling a type. 

. One of our citizens — a Kennebecker, by the way — 
was particularly zealous in s.iving the Whig flag-staff, declaring it should 
long remain to bear aloft the flag of freemen. 

The whole river seems to have b -en an entire mass of ice, partly solid 
and p.irtly porous. The sudden rise of the river excited alarm, and its 
sudden subsidence, at the rate of about two feet a minute, caused 
astonishment. 

There is in the upper side, and near the middle of Exchange street, a 
large cake of ice more than five feet thick. On Broad street there are 
ice-balls twenty-five feet in diameter, and scattered about in every di- 
rection are thousands of smaller masses. 

It will be difficult for people who did not witness it to realize that all 
the business part of the city was a pool in which large vessels might sail 
—that Exchange street and Main street, and others lower down, were 
deep canals for half their length, and that Cenlr.il street was a running 
river. But such things were, and hundreds of stores were under water! 
Boats were in reciuisition. and various contrivances were resorletl to in 
the effort to turn an honest penny. .Among them we noticed one fellow 
had taken the Wall street sign and fastened it upon the stern of his 
boat, in order to popularize his boat and route. Tiie scene in the 
vicinity of the steamboat wharf or at the Rose Place is truly .astonishing 
— such heaps of ice thrown in wild confusion, furnishing a capital idea 
of icebergs from the Northern Ocean. 

It is quite wonderful, considering the suddenness and extent of the 
rise of the water, that no more lives were lost in this vicinity. There 
were some families in great peril. A family li> ing at the Point, between 
Brewer Village and the river, were alarmed by the approach of the 
flood, and started, several women in the number, for higher land in the 
vicinity, but, before reaching it. the water was up to their armpits. 
They reached what was then an ialand, and were compelled to remain 



714 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



\ 



during the night. A family living near Crosby's ship-yard could not 
escape, and were taken off in a boat by one of the neighbors. 

Twenty women and children, as the water flowed over the plain at 
Brewer, fled to a school-house, but could not return, and were obliged 
to go back upon the hills and remain until the water subsided. 

General Miller, at the post-office, with his clerks, had a cool time of 
it. They were all at work when the flood suddenly came upon them, 
and filled the office to the depth of four feet. The General started and 
held the door for the clerks to dodge out and escape up stairs; but Cal- 
vin lingered behind for some minutes, when the General called loudly to 
know what detained him. 

"Oh," said he, wading along with the water up to his armpits, " I 
stopped for the purpose of stamping these paid letters," at the same 
time holding up a bundle. 

The actual amount of property lost in the city by this flood is esti- 
mated by pretty good judges at between two and three hundred thou- 
sand dollars. This falls severely upon some of our citiiens, but the 
heaviest losses come upon those able to ride out the storm. 

1847. Following the good example of their elders of 
both sexes, the Sons and Daughters of Temperance, the 
juvenile " Cadets '' were organized in Bangor this year. 
Dirigo Section No. 4 was instituted in October; and in 
May of the succeeding year Quincy Section No. 6 was 
opened in North Bangor. 

The great structure across the Penobscot, owned by 
the Bangor Bridge Company, which had been swept 
away by the freshet of 1846, was rebuilt this year, upon 
Howe's improved patent (truss plan), at a cost of $31,- 
000. The original bridge had been constructed in 1832, 
upon Town's patent lattice-bridge plan, by Messrs. 
Damen & Godfrey, for $40,000. 

Bangor was this year made a port of entry by the 
Federal authorities. Mr. William C. Hammatt was the 
first Collector. 

The Mercantile and Eastern Banks were re-incorpor- 
ated, and the Kenduskeag Bank of Bangor, with a 
capital of $100,000, was incorporated this year. 

The Union Street Methodist Episcopal church was 
formed this year, from the Summer Street Mission 
Society, and was known for several years as the Summer 
Street church. 

The Central Congregational church is also a child of 
this year, dating from April i. 

A brick residence for the Superintendent was built 
this year at the Almshouse, costing about $2,500, and 
the artifical pond in front was excavated. 

1848. The Penobscot Musical Association was or- 
ganized this year. The Musical Directors of the So- 
ciety, from Its formation to 1864, were Professors B. F. 
Baker, G. W. Pratt, L. Marshall, and L. A. Emerson, of 
Boston; I. B. Woodbury and B. F. Bradbury, of New 
York; and G. F. Root, of North Reading, Massachu- 
setts. Associate Directors — N. D. Gould and E. H. 
Frost, Boston ; S. Wilder, Bangor. The twenty-first 
yearly session was held in Bangor September 29 to Oc- 
tober 2, 1868, and was an occasion of considerable in- 
terest. 

Four new public school-houses were built by the city — 
a rather large one at Mount Hope, the others com- 
paratively small. 

A special census of the city, taken by the School 
Board, showed 2,288 people, including 873 children of 
school age in the First Ward: 1,843 '"iid 592 in the 
Second; 2,1 13 and 840 in the Third; 1,731 and 615 in 



the Fourth ; 2,428 and 1,133 i" the Fifth; 1,964 and 
724 in the Sixth; and 1,013 -ind 437 in the Seventh. 
There were also in the city 748 cows, 605 horses, and 
235 swine. 

1849. This year steamers of moderate size began to 
run on the Upper Penobscot, from Oldtown to Winn. 
In the Brief History of Bangor, prefixed to the City Di- 
rectory for 185 I, the following comments upon this fact 
are made : 

The beautiful and picturesque river and forest scenery in that region, 
the pleasures of a summer trip to the woods and mountains of the in- 
terior, and the fresh air of the country, draw many visitors from abroad 
to the vicinity of Bangor during the warm season. A voyage up the 
Penobscot and a tramp to Katahdin make a most healthful and pleas- 
ing summer excursion. Travelers visiting Moosehead Lake and the 
ponds and forests in its vicinity, on hunting or fishing excursions, pass 
Bangor. The number of hunters who wend their steps thitherward in- 
creases each year. 

This branch of the steam navigation of the Penobscot 
was suspended some years ago. 

This was a cholera year in Bangor. Mayor \Villiam 
H. Mills, in his address to the City Council in the spring 
of 1850, thus commented upon its events: 

This loathsome disease fell upon us suddenly, filling the public mind 
with much ot alarm ; and well it might. When the air we breathe is 
charged with death, and it is altogether problematic whether he that 
went out in the morning would not be brought back ere night a corpse 
— such is the time, if any, when men walk softly. 

At this distressing period the City Council was called upon tor ex- 
traordinary 5er\-ices and sacrifices — calls that were met with great 
promptness and disinterested devotion. And, where all acted nobly, 
I hope I shall not be charged with partiality should I name Messrs. 
Bowman, P. B. Mills, and Wingate, of the Board of .Aldermen, and 
Mr. Emerson of the Common Council, to whom any encomiums that I 
could give would fall short of their just due. 

There were others, not connected with the city government, who 
threw themselves into the breach, to alleviate the distresses of suffer- 
ing humanity. But to Mr. Farnham, the City Marshal, who was also 
Health Officer, the palm must belong. On him, in personal detail, 
the whole of this onerous duty devolved ; which was done calmly, but 
with great promptitude, in season and out of season, by day and by 
night — services which money could not have purchased, and all done 
with a readiness and disinterested straightforwardness, that were really 
surprising. Such services will not soon be forgotten by the citizens of 
Bangor. 

.And our physicians — who, if common report spoke the truth, were 
not, all of them, knit together, as were the hearts of David and Jona- 
than — now united ; men of all parties and ranks seemed to fraternize, 
and the only strife among them was to see who would fly into death's 
presence first. Ready at all times to rush to the bedside of the dying — ■ 
and that, too, in almost every case without the slightest hope of a 
pecuniary reward — conduct so magnanimous could not fail to bring 
upon them, too, the spontaneous encomiums of their fellow-citizens. 

There were 161 deaths by the dread destroyer in this 
city in a very short time — most of them of persons from 
abroad. The venerable William Abbot, Mayor of the 
city, died in ofifice, and was succeeded by Mr. Mills. 

A spacious and elegant building was put upon the 
Bruce lot this year for the Select School for Girls. 

The building for the Free-will Baptist Society at North 
Bangor, was erected this year. 

1850. The Market-house foundation, near the Ken- 
duskeag Bridge, was sold by the city to the United 
States Government for $10,000, which was nearly its 
cost. 

The City Hall, otherwise the old Court-house, was re- 
moved to its present site and enlarged and repaired. 
The basement was fitted up for the use of the police, and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



715 



with a police-court room, and a large safe was put in for 
the Clerk and the Treasurer. The present hall was 
formed ;n the upper story. 

The statistics of sawed lumber surveyed at Bangor for 
the nineteen years from 1832 to this year, inclusive, are 
as follow; 1832, 37,987.052 feet; 1833, 45,442,566; 
1S34. 25,624,718; 1835, 73,416,065; 1836, 46,619,921; 
1837, 64,720,008; 1838, 85,392,177; 1839, 89,806,630; 
1840, 71,726,622; 1841, 77.091.793; 1842, 111,317,201; 
1843. 113.798.619; 1844, 121,130,974; 1845, 171,688,- 
737; 1846, 140,085,012; 1847, 191,136,292; 1848, 212,- 
932,499; 1849, 160,418,808: 1850, 203,754,201; total, 
2,044,089,895. In six years it had nearly doubled; in 
eleven years it had treliled; in fourteen years it had more 
than quadrupled; in sixteen years quintupled, and in the 
next year it had increased over 560 per cent., as against 
the measurement of 1832. 

St. John's Commandery, No. 3, Knights Templars, of 
Bangor, was chartered September 1 7, of this year. 

185 T. The brick church, occupied by the Unitarian 
society, on the corner of Main and Union streets, oppo- 
site the Bangor House, was burned November 30, with a 
loss of about $18,000. 

The Merchants' Mutual Marine Insurance Company 
was incorporated this year. 

1852. Gas was introduced. 

The city debt was now about $120,000, having been 
reduced $40,000 in ten years. The municipal expenses 
were about $70,000 a year. The local taxes the year be- 
fore, including what was necessary to pay $14,000 in 
temporary loans, was $85,078.30 — the largest the city 
had ever had. 

A fire occurred this year in Drew's Block, at the east 
end of Kenduskeag Bridge, involving a loss of $3,500. 

1853. The Custom-house and Post-otifice building, 
constructed of granite, were in course of construction this 
year. It was hardly finished before 1855. 

The ground for Pine Grove Cemetery was purcha.=ed in 
March for $1,000. It included about thirty acres. The 
city spent $1,200 more this year for surveying, building 
stone fences, and making roads and other improvements. 
The next year a neat fence of paling was put up on the 
front, at the Carmel road, at a cost of $250.50. 

1854. A few cholera cases occurred the last of Sep- 
tember on Front street, mostly among the Irish residents. 
There were seventeen deaths. 

The first Superintendent of Schools for the city was 
appointed, under an ordinance of Council creating the 
office. The Rev. Philip Weaver, a member of the 
School Board, was appointed, and served for two years 
at a moderate pay, but with excellent results, especially 
in securing larger attendance upon the schools. There 
were now in the city 5,510 children of school age, of 
whom 3,560 attended the summer schools, and 4,170 
were pupils in winter. 

1855. Norombega Hall was built. The corner-stone 
or St. John's Roman Catholic Church, on York street, 
was laid .August 15, by the Right Rev. David W. 
Bacon, D. D., Bishop of Portland. 

The same year, November 15, the church edifice 



erected by the Methodist Episcopal Society, on Union 
street, was dedicated, with sermon by the Rev. William 
F. Farrington. The building cost $15,000. The lady 
members of the church raised money for the purchase of 
the organ by their own exertions. 

The Bangor Council, Royal and Select Masters, in the 
Masonic order, was chartered May 3. 

1856. The Penobscot & Kennebec Railroad, now 5 
link of the Maine Central lines, went into operation. 

The charter of St. Andrew's Lodge, No. 83, Free 
and Accepted Masons, dates from February 6 of this 
year. 

1858. The Bangor Mutual Fire Insurance Company 
was incorporated. 

1859. The Bangor Cornet Band was chartered in 
June. 

The valuation of the city for taxation was now $6,015,- 
601, against $3,899,218 in 1850, showing an increase in 
nine years of $2,116,383. At least $2,000,000 worth of 
timbered land in this State and the Provinces was also 
owned in Bangor. 

1861. The first steam fire-engine used in the city 
was built by the Portland Company, and received in Oc- 
tober ; cost $2,700. It was manned by seventeen men. 
The Chief Engineer was now paid a salary of $500. 
Many incendiary fires and attempts at conflagration oc- 
curred this year. 

1862. The Universalist church building, which had 
been commenced in June, i860, was finished late this 
year, and dedicated December 16. It was erected at a 
total cost, including organ, of $20,000. The building 
is of brick, in the Romanesque style, ninety by sixty- 
four feet, with two towers ninety-six and one hundred and 
forty feet high respectively, each surmounted bv a spire. 
The vestry, or lower audience room, is sixty by forty-three 
feet in dimensions, and has sittings for three hundred 
and fifty persons. Above this is the main audience room, 
handsomely frescoed, with one hundred and twenty pews 
and sittings for about six hundred people. The church 
occupies a commanding position on Park street, near 
Centre, at the head of East Market Square, looking 
down Exchange street. 

The Union Insurance Company of Bangor was incor- 
porated this year, with a capital of $200,000. 

1863. The First National Bank of Bangor was or- 
ganized September 15 of this year — the pioneer institu- 
tion here under the new law. The Second National 
Bank followed the next year, as also the reorganization 
as a National bank of the old Kenduskeag Bank of 1832. 
The Traders' Bank was similarly reorganized in 1865, 
and the Merchants' National Bank was also formed. 
The Farmers' Bank, which had been operating as a State 
bank since 1853, became the Farmers' National Bank in 
1868. 

The demands created by the war and other causes 
compelled the city this year to make a loan of $64,000. 
It was taken mostly by the citizens, at six per cent. 
Much of it was appropriated to the payment of bounties 
to soldiers, and to extinguish a temporary loan of 
$13,000. 



1i6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COtJNTV, MAINE. 



A census was taken in 1863, by a gentleman of this 
city, of the shade-trees in Bangor. He found more than 
4,000 within the corporation limits and outside of 
fences. 

1864. The Bangor Historical Society was incor- 
porated in March, and organized in May, with the Hon. 
Elijah Hamlin, President; the Rev. Charles C. Everett, 
Vice-President; the Rev. Samuel Harris, D. D., Corres- 
ponding Secretary; Elnathan F. Duren, Recording 
Secretary; and Judge John E. Godfrey, and Drs. John 
Mason and James C. Weston, Executive Committee. 

June 17 the Soldiers' Monument was dedicated in 
Mount Hope Cemetery. 

The valuation of the city was: Real estate, $4,349,- 
247; personal, $2,726,686; total, $7,075,930. Ta.\ 
2.4 per cent. Number of polls, 2,726. 

The Boys' and the Girls' High Schools were united 
this year. Professor Robert P. Bucknam, Principal of 
the school, died, much lamented by his pupils and friends. 

The school-house in the Central District was destroyed 
by fire, through ill feeling caused by its removal from 
the east to the west side of the Kenduskeag. 

July 14a great fire occurred in Tewksbury's shipyard 
in Brewer, destroying $8,000 worth of property, largely 
owned by citizens of Bangor. The Fire Department of 
the city was in prompt attendance, and rendered such 
assistance as it could. 

1866. The spacious engine-house on Harlow street, 
accommodating two steamers, with hose-cart and other 
apparatus, was built by the city this year, at a cost, in- 
cluding lot, of $18,500. A large reservoir, with a ca- 
pacity of 65,000 gallons, occupies one-third of the base- 
ment. 

The dain at Treat's Falls was surveyed by the holders 
of the old charter of 1828, under which the dam h.id 
been built, but not in a manner that brought it within the 
charter. No important change was at once made in it, 
however. 

An addition of three acres was made to the cemetery 
on the Pushaw Road, at a cost of $199.68. The tract 
was thereafter known as Maple Grove Cemetery. 

An ordinance was passed by the Council authorizing 
the appointment of a truant officer, who should arrest 
children growing up without education and place them 
in the public schools. 

On the 13th of May Merrill's mill and other property 
on Broad street was burned, with a loss of $10,000. 

1867. About 8 o'clock one evening in January, Mrs. 
Ann McDonald, wife of Hugh McDonald, was murdered 
on one of the public streets, the assassin escaping with- 
out discovery. She was not known to have an enemy, 
and the cause of the crime was a mystery. 

September 9 a disastrous fire occurred on the Franklin 
Street Bridge, which burned the planing- and grist-mills 
of Messrs. Grover & Stevens, a sash and blind factory, 
and a carriage factory, the property of B. M. Thomas, 
with a total loss of $39,200, and no insurance. The fire 
losses of the year amounted to $50,950, with insurance 

only $S.9.'50' 

May 20 the City Council resolved to accept a trust 



fund of $6,500 for the Bangor Mechanics' Association, 
which was invested by the city in Bangor & Piscataquis 
railroad bonds. In 1874 $8,000 more were received for 
the same purpose, together with a legacy to the associa- 
tion of $4,000, by the late Franklin Muzzy, which was 
similarly invested. 

The Hibernian Mutual Benevolent Association was or- 
ganized February 24. By 1871 its membership amount- 
ed to 160, and two years thereafter it numbered 250. 

1 868. A society of the Giand .\rmy of the Republic, 
B. H. Beale Post, No. 12, was organized January i, 1868. 
The office of the Associate Inspector-General for the 
Department of Maine was also here for a time; and, at 
another period, the office of the Commander of the De- 
partment was here. 

The amount of lumber shipped from the port of Ban- 
gor during the decade ending with this year, for the sev- 
eral years, was as follows: 1859, i 78,046,440 feet; i860, 
201,349,527; 1861, 131,091,210; 1862, 160,062,983; 
1863, 190,672,269; 1864, 174,436,272; 1865, 169,881,- 
023; 1866, 237,147,606: 1867, 206,483,358; 1868,220,- 
794,766. About half a million feet of the lumber 
shipped during the last four years had been subjected to 
the process known as "Burnettizing." The estimate of 
short lumber shipped in 1S68 was: Shingles, 152,703,- 
000; laths, 112,458,000; clapboards, 5,144,000; pickets, 
3,678,000. 

1869. Another great fire occurred on New Year's 
Day at the West Market Square, which buined all night, 
and destroyed the stores of Conner & Fuller, of Hay- 
ward & Co. (who lust $57,916), George W. I,add (loss 
$28,000), Emery Wing & Co. ($20,000), F. F. F'arring- 
ton ($12,000), Fogg & Bridges ($16,619), ^"d Thomas 
A. Taylor ($9,500). The aggregate loss was $200,963.67, 
of which $137,59767 was insured. 

On Thanksgiving Day Miss Deborah B. Hersey died 
of consumption. She had been for twenty yeais a teach- 
er in the public schools, and for twelve years in the select 
school for girls, on Abbott Stjuare. 

This year ten vessels, with a tonnage of 2,332, were 
built at Bangor. The ne.xt year but 1,230 tons, or a lit- 
tle more than half of the tonnage of 1869, were built. 

The Bangor Association for the Prevention of Cruelty 
to Animals was organized in April. President, Joseph 
Carr ; Vice-Presidents, Joseph S. Wheelwright, Samuel 
D. Thurston, (ieorge K. Jewett, Joseph C. White, Isaac 
R. Clark; Treasurer, Ebenezer T. Fox; Secretary, O. 
H. Ingalls ; Directors, P. B. Mills, S. P. Bradbury, George 
Stetson, William P. Wingate, E. F. Duren. 

The amount of long lumber shipped from Bangor this 
year was 190,840,908 feet. 

The building for the Children's Home, on Thomas's 
Hill, was erected this year. 

The Penobscot Savings Bank dates from February of 
1869. 

1870. The long lumber shipped from the port this 
year amounted to 202,014,192 feet, of which about 
4,000,000 were " Burnettized." 

The Jameson Guards, a local military organization, 
(Company G, Maine Volunteer Militia) was organized 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ill 



this year. Captain, Daniel White ; First Lieutenant, 
James A. Dean ; Second Lieutenant, George F. Gold- 
thwait. •' 

The National Insurance Company, of Bangor, was 
organized July 25ih, with a cash capital of $200,000. 
The Merchants' Marine Insurance Company, capital 
$150,000, was incor[)orated the same year. 

Clark & Bowman's block was partly burned this year. 
The building was damaged to the amount of $4,800, 
and goods therein $3,000; insurance $6,800. 

187 1. The new county jail was finished, with the 
county workshop. 

The European & North American Railroad was opened 
to Vanceboro. President Grant and many other digni- 
taries from the States and Provinces were present, and 
went to the terminus. The President was very hand- 
somely received there and at Bangor. 

A fire occured at Pickering Square, by which E. P. 
Baldwin and others lost about $9,000, mostly insured. 

The amount of long lumber shipped this year was 
227,491.975 feet. 

1872. The Bangor Insurance Company was incor- 
porated in February, with a capital of $200,000. 

On the loth of October spontaneous combustion 
caused a fire in Michael Swartz's block on West Market 
Square, which caused him a loss of $37,000 on the build- 
ing and $92,000 on stock in trade ; insurance $70,000. 
Messrs. Fogg & Bridges lost $25,000, Webster Treat 
$6,600, William E. Mann $3,000, O. F. Knowles $1,- 
500, W. H. Ad.ims $1,000, and oihi-rs smaller sums. 

The corner-stone of the St. Mary's (Roman Catholic) 
church was laid September 15, the Right Rev. Bishop 
Bacon officiating. 

The session of the Maine Educational Society was 
held in Bangor the latter part of the same month, and 
awakened much interest. 

The Home for Aged Women was incorporated. 

Norombega Lodge, No. 5, Knights of Pythias, was 
chartered April 24, 1872. 

The amount of long lumber shipped this year was 
the largest ever known, being 246,453,649 feet. The 
following is a detailed statement of the lumber sold in 
1872: 

Pine. 37.750.000 $ 658,713.00 

Spruce, 176,933,649 2.353.2I7-53 

Hemlock, 23,370,000 222,015.00 

Total sales of long lumber. . . . $3,233.95000 

Clapboards. 3.643,000 $ 94,718.00 

Laths, 150,677,000 263,684 75 

Pickets 25.680.00 

Shingles, 121,264.000 363.792.00 

Staves, 798,000 7,980.00 

Total sales short lumber 755-854 75 

Total lumber sold $3.989.8o5-28 

1873. The long lumber shipped this year footed up 
179,202,353 feet. 

1874. The public libraries were consolidated this year, 
and the rooms now occupied by the Mechanics' Associa- 
tion Library, on Kenduskeag Bridge were occupied by the 
united library. 

The Bangor Reform Club, an institution which 
was one of the outgrowths of the celebrated temper- 



ance crusade of this year, was organized September 10, 
and incorporated December 28, with Dr. H. A. Rey- 
nolds, the since noted lecturer and "red ribbon" reformer, 
then of this city, as President; W. A. Longley, J. J. 
Richardson, James Barnabee, Vice-presidents ; S. L. 
Stevens, Secretary; G. S. Walker, Financial Secretary; 
E. Allen, Treasurer. This society still inaintains a vig- 
orous existence, holding public meetings every Sunday, 
and other meetings frequently. 

The Woman's Temperance Crusade was formed as a 
local society the same year, and has since steadily kept 
up its work. Its meetings Sabbath afternoons are held 
jointly with the Reform Club. 

The West Bangor Chapel (Congregational) society was 
organized April 2. 

The long lumber shipped from this port in 1874 
amounted to 176,786,932 feet. 

Two notable fires of this year occurred — one in the 
station of the European & North American Railway, on 
Exchange street, which destroyed the roof and attic, 
costing the company $8,717.16 to replace them; and one 
April 18, in the row of storehouses in the rear of Ex- 
change street block. This was an incendiary fire, and 
caused a loss of more than $70,000, which was largely 
insured. Messrs. Babb & Lane's loss was $25,000; 
Kinib.ill & Sanford's $12,000; William P. Hubbard's 
$10,000; and there were some smaller losses. December 
15 another large fire occurred, losing for G. W. Fielding 
$10,000, Haniman &; Carter, $8, 000, and others various 
sums, the total being about $5 1,000. 

1875. June 27 a fire invaded Bragg & Foster's stores, 
on Pickering Square, causing a loss of $8,350, which 
was fully insured, and others, also insured, losses of about 
$8,500. 

The fine Grammar School building at the junction of 
Union and Fourth streets, was built this year, at a total 
cost of $32,170, e.\cept the furnace and heating appa- 
ratu.=, which cost $5,700. 

The city authorities accepted a trust fund of $25,000 
for the Home for Aged Women, paying yearly interest 
on the same; also $1,000 from the estate of Dr. McRuer, 
devised to the Bangor Fuel society. 

The Bangor Art Association was organized February 
II. Dr. Augustus C. Hamlin, President; Clarence L. 
Dakin, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Amount of long lumber shipped from the port of Ban- 
gor this year, 154,663,129 feet. 

1876. The quaniity of long lumber shipped from 
Bangor this year amounted to 115,121,191 feet. 

The Bayard Lodge, No. 294, Free and .\ccepted Ma 
sons, was instituted May 31. 

1877. A noble deed of charity was done this year, in 
the contribution of $10,000 in money and goods in a 
very few hours, and the dispatching of a train load of 
food to the sufferers by the great fire at St. John, New 
Brunswick. 

On the night of February 7, Mr. G. W. Merrill's store, 
on Pickering Square, was burned; loss, $5,582; insured, 
$5,000. Some others sustained losses. 

The city now had a debt of $800,000, and liabilities 



?18 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINfi. 



incurred in aid of railroads to the amount of about $2,- 
000,000 more. In 1850 the debt was but $128,000. 
Hon. Elijah Hamlin, father of Dr. A. C. Hamlin, the 
Mayor of 1877, was then Mayor of the city. 

1878. The Burnettizmg Works, engaged in the preser- 
vation of wood against decay by a peculiar process, were 
burned on the 3d of April, with a loss of about $18,000. 
They were situated on the Hampden Road, at the edge 
of the city, and have never been replaced. 

In the winter of this year the ice industry first became 
important in and near Bangor. 

The Bangor Council, Royal Arcanum, was instituted 
July 18, 1878. 

188 1. A profound sensation was produced in this 
city, as elsewhere throughout the country — and, indeed, 
the civilized world — by the shooting of President Garfield 
at Washington City, July 2, by the assassin, Charles J. 
Guiteau. Meetings were held soon after the occurrence 
and also upon the death of the President, September ig, 
to express the sense of grief and indignation felt by the 
community. On the day of the funeral, September 26, 
obsequies were appropriately observed in the City Hall 
and the Central Congregational church. All these ser- 
vices were largely attended. A considerable fund was 
afterwards subscribed for the Garfield Monumental 
Fund. 



CHAPTER XXXII. 

THE CHURCHES OF BANGOR. 

The First P.irish Congregational — Hammond .Street Congregational — 
The Central Congregational — The Independent Congregational (Uni- 
tarian) — West Bangor Chapel — Crosbyville Chapel — The First Bap- 
tist — First Free Baptist— St. John's (Roman Catholic) Parish— St. 
Mary's (Roman Catholic) Palish — F'irst Methodist Episcopal — Union 
Street Methodist — Universalist — Other Churches. 

THE FIRST CONGREG.\TION.\L CHURCH. 

This is the pioneer religious society of Bangor. A 
good part of its earlier history has already been related 
by Judge Godfrey. By the fall of 181 1 it began to be 
earnestly desired by the few Congregationalists of the 
place that a church of their faith should be formed here; 
and, although they were but a feeble band, in point of 
numbers, they courageously took the matter in hand, and 
went forwaid to form what in the fullness of time became 
a strong, vigorous, and influential organization. These 
prime movers were Deacon William Boyd, and Messrs. 
William Hasey and Stephen S. Crosby, who bore letters 
from the Congregational church of Orrington, and William 
D. Williamson, the well-known lawyer and historian, who 
had been a member of the church at Amherst. The decis- 
ive steps were taken November 26, 181 1, when these gen- 
tlemen agreed to enter into a covenant with each other as 



a church, with certain articles of faith altnost identical 
with those adopted at Fitchburg, Massachusetts, in 1798. 
It had been previously agreed to call the Rev. Harvey 
Loomis, a graduate of Williams College two years before, 
and a young man of 26, who had been preaching tem- 
porarily at Norridgewock, to the pastorate of the new 
church. His services had been secured, and he was to 
be installed on the day of organization. 

The church was fully constituted on Wednesday, No- 
vember 27, 181 1. Miss Sarah Harrod, who had personal 
recollections of the day, and herself became a member 
in 1815, communicated the following, many years after- 
ward, in a letter to a friend in Bangor: 

The day the church was organized was a business meeting; at that 
time they drew up the articles and signed them. Then came the ordi- 
nation in that same upper room. A church meetmg followed, when 
the sisters passed examination and were voted in. The next Sabbath 
was communion. . . The church meeting was appointed to 
be attended one month from that time, and continued for four or five 
years a monthly meeting. 

The ministers present at the organization of the soci- 
ety were the Rev. Messrs. Fisher of Bluehill, Blood of 
Bucksport, Mason of Castine, Johnson of Belfast, and 
Gillet of Hallowell. Two other visiting brethren, 
named Spaulding and Wason, probably laymen from the 
Bucksport church, seem to have been present; and it is 
said that two more clergymen, the Rev. Messrs. John 
Sawyer and H. May, were also in attendance. The 
number of visitors was thus over twice as great as that of 
the members of the infant society. 

"Father Fisher" was already a man of fifty-six years, 
and called by this venerable title; but he survived to 
nearly double that age, dying at last in Bangor at the age 
of one hundred and three, his funeral being attended at 
the first church October 24, 1858. He was not only 
present at the birth of the church, but he successively 
attended the ordinations of Mr. Pomroy in 1825, and 
Mr. Little in 1849. In his diary occur the following en- 
tries: 

November 26, 181 1. 'With Mr. Blood, Mason, Spaulding. and 
■Wason, was to Bangor. Arrived opposite Bangor about 3 p. M. On 
account of ice in the river, left horses in Orrington and crossed in small 
boats to Bangor. Council formed to gather a church, and prepare the 
way to ordain Mr. Loomis. Gathered a church of four male members, 
examined and approved the candidate, and assigned p irts. 

27th. Met with the Council at Mr. Garland's; procession formed; 
ordination proceeded. Parts as follows : Singing; pr.ayer by Rev. 
Jonathan Fisher; singing "Ascension" hymn; sermon by Rev. Mr. 
Gillet; church instituted; call renewed and accepted; ordaining prayer 
by Rev. Mr. Sawyer; charge by Rev. A. Johnson; right hand of fellow- 
ship by Rev. Mr. Blood; concluding prayer by Rev. Mr. Mason; exer- 
cises closed by singing "Denmark." 

As the Mr. Garland named does not appear as a mem- 
ber of the church, it is possible he was keeper of a public 
house at which the people assembled and the procession 
was formed. The place of meeting is not mentioned in 
the old annals; but as Miss Harrod states that the first 
communion service'* was held the next Sabbath, and as 
this service is known to have been in a school-house 
then standing near the present corner of Pine and State 
streets, it is probable that the original meetings were held 



*The tradition is that the furniture of this communion service con- 
sisted of a common crockery pitcher and plate, with the ordinary glass 
tumblers of the time. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



719 



in the same place. The first meeting entered in the 
records, however, was held in the "Academy," a building 
remembered to have stood near the original county 
Court-house, on Hammond, near Main street. 

The recollection of Miss Harrod is that "the sisters 
passed examination and were voted in" at the church 
meeting immediately following the ordination: but ac- 
cording to the church roll they were not received as 
members until March 11, 181 2, when Mrs. Hannah 
Boyd, Mrs. Crosby, and Mrs. Hannah Crosby entered 
from the church at Orrington Until then, for a period 
of about three months and a half, the church seems to 
have consisted of the original male quartette. Mrs. Eliza 
Kendrick was added .\pril 8, 18 12, from the church at 
Rochester, and the same date Mrs. Mary fiould was the 
first member received by profession, or "from the 
world," as the |)hrase of the old record is. Then, May 
13th, came two male members by profession — Messrs. 
Stephen Kimball and Samuel E. Uutton; and subse- 
quently the same year, mostly by letter, Mmes. Exper- 
ience Harlow, Mary Carr, Mary Allen, Hutchins, Betsey 
Low, Eunice Dresser, Marcie Button, Almira Carr, and 
Elizabeth Little. The first white child born in Bangor, 
Mary, wife of Andrew Mayhcw, was received November 
10, 1813. 

The first deacon of the church was William Boyd, who 
had already been a deacon in his former church. The 
next was Stephen S. Crosby. Other deacons in the first 
thirty years of the church were Eliashib Adams, George 
W. Brown, Bradford Harlow, Alexander Drummond, Al- 
bert Titcomb, James Allen, and George A. Thatcher, 
some of whom, as Deacons Thatcher and Titcomb, are 
yet living. 

Soon after organization, the stated place of meeting of 
the church, in the absence of convenient public build- 
ings, became a small room or hall over James Crosby's 
store, on Exchange street. The next summer an attempt 
was made, but without success, to secure a sufficient sub- 
scription to build a meeting-house; and when, early in 
1813, the old Court-house, now the City Hall, was so far 
finished that a part of it could be occupied, the congre- 
gation removed thither for worship. In 1822 a church 
building was completed for it — a frame house, standing 
upon the site still occupied by the society, and the first 
house of worship erected in Bangor. April 7, 1830, it 
was burned by an incendiary, who is said to have con- 
fessed shortly before his death that he did the deed in 
revenge for the excommunication of his wife. Services 
were held in the Baptist church until a new and better 
building, constructed of brick, was put up, and dedicated 
July 30, 1831. This is the edifice still m honorable and 
useful service, with important improvements, and the in- 
troduction of an excellent plan of ventilation, in the lat- 
ter part of 1859. This also received a severe scorching 
in a neighboring fire the next year. 

In 1815 the society received as a present the first 
church bell rung in Bangor. The following acknowledg- 
ment appeared in the Weekly Register a few months after: 

In July last Benjamin Bussey, Esq.. of Boston, presented to the First 
Congregational Society in Bangor a Bell for their Meeting-House. 



The bell was cast by Colonel Paul Revere [clarum et vcneraHle no- 
men !\ weighing 1,095 pounds, and was raised to the Belfry in Bangor 
in July. Its sound, in favorable weather, distinctly fills a circle of 
twelve miles in diameter. 

Travelers remark that it aftords a better sound than is common, and 
similar to that of bells most approved of. 

The .Selectmen of Bangor embrace your paper as a medium through 
which respectfully and publicly to acknowledge the favor done said in- 
habitants by the generous donor, and to express their gratitude to him 
for his liberal present. 

Bangor, Feb. 15. 

The Rev. Harvey Loomis, first pastor of the church, 
had been a contemporary at Williams College of the cel- 
ebrated missionary band, including Samuel J. Mills, Gor- 
don Hall, and James Richards; and his name is inscribed 
among the five heroes of the haystack prayer-meeting, 
upon the monument erected at its site near Williamstown, 
to commemorate the birth of foreign missions in Ameri- 
ca. He came to his work in Bangor with the influences 
of that memorable period ftesh within him. He served 
his church with great acceptance and success for more 
than thirteen years ; and his pastorate had an ending 
which is one of the most interesting traditions of the 
community. He had selected as his text for the morn- 
ing service on the opening Sabbath of 182 s the words of 
Jeremiah xxviii. 16: "This year thou shalt die." He en- 
tered his pulpit in wonted health; but, then and there, 
with his discourse of warning at hand, and before he had 
even spoken the opening service of the hour, he was 
stricken by the death angel. He died at his post, with 
his armor on. The Historical Sketch of the church, 
published in 1856, says : — 

The sermons of Mr. Loomis were short, pithy, pointed, direct, aimed 
at the conscience, and delivered in an interesting and impressive man- 
ner. While under his pastoral care, 143 persons were added to the 
church. 

It was during his pastorate that a very remarkable re- 
vival of religion occurred, beginning in November, 1814, 
and lasting for no less a period than three years. 

A manuscript book of historical memoranda, anony- 
mously prepared, and found among the records of the 
church, comprises the following concerning the succession 
of pastors and preachers, and some other matters: 

When Mr. Pomroy was tirst settled, there was but one church. The 
Seminary professors and students attended all the meetings, and among 
these Dr. Smith had become very much endeared to the people. Then 
the excellent and fervent Mr. Gallagher was here for three years, and 
was a very efficient help. Dr. Hamlin was here three years, and was as 
wise then as now. Mr. Dole was another valuable worker, like "a vol- 
cano covered with ice." Mr. Bradford Harlow, Mr. John Barker, and 
Deacon .Adams were all prominent men— Mr. D. Pike too. There was 
a rapid influx of population which filled up the meeting-house, and 
which was not checked until 1837. 

The following additional notes are extracted from the 
Historical Sketch before mentioned : 

Rev. Swan L. Pomroy was ordained pastor of this church August 31, 
1825. Rev. Doct. Payson, of Portland ^the celebrated ICdward Payson], 
preached the sermon. 

At the communion-season in March, 182B, an interesting and power- 
ful revival of religion commenced, which continued a number of months, 
and a large number of persons were added to the church. 

In March, 1831, there appeared to be an unusual attention to the 
subject of religion, and a series of meetings were held, continuing six 
days, with great interest and a manifest blessing. 

In the year 1834 there was considerable religious interest in the city 
and large additions to the church, both by profession and by letter. 

During the years 1836 and 1837, there were considerable additions to 
the church. 



720 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



About the commencement of the year 1840 there began a powerful 
revival of religion, which continued several months. It was deep, 
thorough, still. More than ninety persons were added to the church dur- 
ing the year, by profession alone. 

In April, 1845, Mr. Poniroy expressed a desire to be released from 
his labors, for ihe period of a year or more, for the purpose of improv- 
ing his health by traveling. To this request the church and parish con. 
sented. During ihe absence of Mr. Pomroy Ihe parish was supplied 
by Rev. Professor Shepard. 

September 22, 1846, Rev. S. L. Pomroy arrived in this city, after an 
absence of about sixteen months in Europe and Asia, and resumed his 
pastoral labors. 

During the summer of 1848 there was quite an interesting state of 
feeling in the congregation, particularly among the young, and more 
than twenty persons expressed a hope in Christ. 

September 27. 1B48, Rev. Mr. Poniroy, having been elected one of the 
Secretaries of the Board of Foreign Missions, and having decided to ac- 
cept that office, communicated his intentions to the rhurch, with a re- 
quest that a council should be called to advise in the matter. This re- 
quest was complied with, not without expressions of regret on the part 
of the church and of attachment to the pastor. A council was accord- 
ingly called, which at length came to this result, that it was the duty of 
Mr. Pomroy to accept the appointment. October 15 Mr. Pomroy 
preached his farewell sermon, having been the pastor of this church 
more than twenty-three years, during which time nearly six hundred 
persons were added to the church. 

The pulpit was supplied after the dismission of Mr. Pomroy, and 
until Mr. Little was ordained, by Rev. Professor Smith, of the Theo- 
logical Seminary. On the 6th of May, 1849. Mr. George B. Little, of 
Andover Theological Seminary, preached his first sermon to this church 
with the view of becoming its pastor. On the 26th of the same month 
the church voted unanimously to extend to him a call to settle over 
them. On the 21st of June Mr. Little accepted the call of the church, 
and on the nth of October was ordained. . . . The ser- 
mon was preached by Rev. Mr. Thurston, of Searsport. 

In the spring of 1852 there was a very interesting revival of religion in 
the city, the blessings of which this church was permitted, in a good 
degree, to share, as a result of which nearly fifty persons were added to 
its membership by profession. 

Mr. Little left the pastorate of this church October 21. 

1857- 

The pastors since have been the Revs. Edward W. 
Oilman, from January 13, 1859, to October 4, 1863; 
Lyman S. Rowland, November 16, 1864, to July 9, 1867; 
Newman Smyth, ordained March 3, 1S70, and dismissed 
April 29, 1875; ^"d S. Lewis B. Spc-ar, June 5, 1879, to 
May 5, 1 88 1. Many able men have also served the par- 
ish during the intervals of pastorates, or as occasional 
preachers. 

The total inembership of the church, from its organiza- 
tion to October i, 1881, numbered 1,146. At the latter 
date it had 286 members, with a Sabbath-school of si.xty- 
seven. 

The churches of Ijangor colonized from this society, in 
whole or in part, were the Hammond Street, to which 
forty-seven female and twenty-si.\ male members were 
dismissed November 28, 1833; the North Bangor, four 
members, in May, 1838, and the Third, or Central, nine 
members, March 31, 1847. A -secession from the church 
occurred, in the spring of 1881, and the formation of an 
independent meeting, by reason of troubles in the pastor- 
ate and dismission of the Rev. Mr. Spear. 

The following interesting notes concerning the early 
Sabbath-school are contributed by Miss Harrod's letter: 

So many children attended it very soon became necessary to remove 
to the Court-house, and in April, 1815, it commenced there. Deacon 
Adams the Superintendent. He tool< charge of the boys below, and I 
had the girls and some small boys in a room above. For a time all the 
lessons were given from the Westminster Shorter Catechism. The sum- 
mer that Mr. D. Pike came Deacon Adams resigned to him his office. 



The school was then reorganized, divided into classes, and many teach- 
ers became necessary. The school at its first commencement was at- 
tended at the close of the afternoon service — which at that time was 
thought best, as it was given up in tlie fall and opened again in the 
spring. Mr. Pike changed the time to the morning, before service, and 
continued it through one season. The following spring he (Mr. Pike) 
changed it to noon time (that is, immediately after the forenoon ser- 
vices), and found many more attended. In r8i7 he thought it best to 
continue it through the whole year. When he came, Bible classes 
were introduced, and the teachers* meetings, all through his life, were 
exceedingly interesting and instructive. They (the teachers" meetings) 
were held weekly, on Friday evenings. 

It is a fact well worth perjietuating that the articles of 
faith and covenant of this church have been adopted by 
the church at Constantinople, 'I'urkey, probably through 
the influence of the Rev. Dr. Hamlin, who was formerly 
here. 

HA.MMOND STREET CONGREGATIONAL. 

The industry of Deacon E. F. Duren has supplied 
the following Historical Sketch of this church, in the 
Manual published some years ago : 

The Hammond Street Congregational church in Ban- 
gor was organized December 5, 1833. The occasion of 
forming it was the inability of the people to obtain seats 
in the First church. A committee of ten appointed at a 
meeting of the First church January 17, 1832, to whom 
the subject was referred, reported on the 7th of February 
following, unanimously in favor of organizing a new 
church. November 28, 1833, was observed as a day of 
fasting and prayer by the First church, and in the after- 
noon of the same dav seventv-three of its members 
(twenty-si.x males and forty-seven females) were dismissed 
lor the purpose of organizing the new church. 

The following is a list of the pioneer seventy-three: 
George W. Brown, Sophia (Hammond) Brown, Sophia 
H. Brown [Smith], John M. Prince, Eleanor C. (Eaton) 
Prince, Joseph C. Lovejoy, Sarah (Moody) Lovejoy, 
Alexander Savage, Priscilla S. (Thomas) Savage, Mary 
G. Savage, Charles Rice, Miranda (Hammond) Rice, • 
Josiah Deane, Betsey P. (Chandler) Deane, Hannah A. 
Chandler, Sarah M. (Chandler) Winslow, Francis Roberts, 
Ruth (Russell) Roberts, John Sargent, Ann (Alexander) 
Sargent, Abner Taylor, Harriet Hammond, Edmund 
Dole, Judith (Thurston) Dole, Jonathan Webster, John 
^Vebster, Abigail A. Webster, Sarah (Webster) Drum- 
mond, Moses Patten, Sally (Whittier) Patten, Thomas 
A. Hill, Elizabeth (Carr) Hill, Elizabeth A. (Hill) Poor, 
Jane S. Hill, George Starrett, Martha (Burgess) Starrett, 
Caroline L. (Storer) Morrill, Timothy Crosby, Lucy M. 
(Heywood) Crosby, Olive Crosby, William D. William- 
son, William Davenport (Rev.), Elizabeth S. (Poor) 
Davenport, John Thurston, Zadock Davis, Samuel Wiley, 
Stephen Holland, Benjamin AVyatt, David Hill, Pascal 
P. Learned, Mary (Goodale) Nourse, Sarah J. Nourse, 
Susan (Wilder) Bruce, Jane A. (Gray) Valentine, Clarissa 
(Call) Osgood, Ruth (Fisher) Ingraham, Betsey H. 
(Clark) Savary, Elizabeth (Brown) Billings, Sarah 
(Howard) Smith, Emeline Smith, Marcia (Page) Dutton, 
Abigail Dutton, Sophia (Duiton) Godfrey, Mary D. God- 
frey, George \V. Pickering, Hannah (Nevers) Crosby, 
Sabra (Warren) Bailey, Sarah R. (Edes) Rider, Electa 
(Beaman) Lancey, Mary (Porter) Webster, Mary (Allen) 
Webster, Sarah Holland. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



731 



At a meeting of these individuals November 29, a 
Council was called, to meet December 5, in the vestry of 
the new meeting-house which had already been built; 
and a committee was appointed to prepare articles of 
faith and covenant. This Council was composed of 
the First church in Bangor, First and Second churches in 
Brewer, the Congregational churches in Bucksport, 
Hampden, and Orono, and Rev. Messrs. Jotham Sewall, 
John Sawyer, Enoch Pond, and Alvan Bond. The 
Council agreed to the organization of the church, and a 
public meeting was held for that purpose in the meeting- 
house of the First church. A call was given, March 21, 
1834, to Rev. John Maltby, of Sutton, Massachusetts, to 
become the pastor, and it was accepted, and he was in- 
stalled July 23, 1834. The meeting-house, built of brick, 
was dedicated the same day. In 1853 the walls of this 
first house were raised and lengthened; and a spire took 
the place of the two towers and the whole interior of the 
house was refitted, including new pews, organ, pastor's 
study, and vestries. Services of re-dedication were held 
February 17, 1854. 

During Mr. Maltby's ministry, twenty-six years, 578 
were received to the church, 322 by profession, 2i;6 by 
letter. He died while absent from home, at Worcester, 
Massachusetts, May 15, i860, at the age of sixty-five. 

The second pastor. Rev. Edwin Johnson, was installed 
October 16, 1861. Having received a call from the 
Congregational church in Baltimore, Maryland, which 
was accepted, he was dismissed by Council November 7, 
1865. Fifty-three were added to the church during his 
ministry, 29 by profession, and 24 by letter. 

The third and present pastor. Rev. Solomon P. Fay, 
was installed November 9, 1866. 

This church has enjoyed eight special revival seasons 
since its formation. 

The whole number of members received to this church 
since its organization, to December, 1870, is 869 ; by 
letter, 431; by profession, 438; dismissed to other 
churches, 356; deceased, 168; excluded, 24. The num- 
ber of baptisms, 410 — children, 243; adults, 167. 

The total amount of collections for the various benev- 
olent objects of the church, to December, 1870, is $49,- 
170. 

In 1847 the Central church in Bangor was organized, 
to which 23 members of Hammond Street church were 
dismissed in the first six years of its organization. 

The Hammond Street Sabbath-school was organized 
Decembers, 1833. Five hundred and twenty teachers 
and 4,365 pupils have been connected with the school. 
It has had 12 superintendents and 12 secretaries. 

The church has been represented in 72 Ecclesiastical 
Councils for the ordination and installation of pastors ; 
in 16 for the ordination of missionaries and evangelists; 
in 40 for the dismission of ministers ; in 15 for the or- 
ganization of churches; in 9 convened in cases of diffi- 
culty in churches. 

Ten members of this church were ordained ministers 
when they became connected with it ; 37 have been or- 
dained since uniting with this church, seven of whom 
were children of the church, and the others were mem- 

9« 



bers of the Theological Seminary ; seven of these have 
been ordained missionaries to foreign lands. 

There has been a Maternal Association which has met 
the first Wednesday afternoon of each month since 1834. 
Also a female prayer meeting which has been held every 
Saturday afternoon since the church was organized. 

The Rev. Dr. Enoch Pond, President of the Theolog- 
ical Seminary, in his sermon at the funeral of the Rev. 
Mr. ^[altby, indulged in the following strain of eulogy : 

To those who hnve been under the ministry of Mr. Maltby a quarter 
of a century, or more, it may seem superfluous that I should say aught 
as to the character of his preaching; and yet I may be indulged in a 
few remarks. Mr. Maltby was decidedly popular as a preacher, in the 
earlier part of his ministerial life, as is evident from his repeated and 
favorable calls to a settlement. And yet my impression is that he was 
constantly growing as a preacher, and that he continued to grow, even 
to the last year of his life. This was the natural result of his habits of 
study, and of close observation and experience. His sermons have been 
less wordy and metaphysical than formerly. They have been more 
condensed, more simple, direct, and practical, and for that reason the 
more pungent and impressive. 

Mr. Maltby's best efforts as a preacher have been at home among his 
own people. He has been called often to preach abroad upon great 
public occasions, and has always acquitted himself satisfactorily. And 
yet, owing to a native modesty and diffidence, or to some other cause, 
he has never appeared so well abroad as at home. You, my brethren 
of this church and congregation, who have been accustomed to hear 
him from Sabbath to .Sabbath, — you best know his value as a preacher, 
and you know that for clear and fervid presentations of Divine truth, 
for earnest and glowing appeals to the conscience and the heart, and 
for a thrilling, startling eloquence, enough often almost to take us from 
our seats, our pastor has rarely, if ever, been excelled. I have heard a 
great many preachers in my day, and among them some of the most 
distingtiished preachers in the land, but I have never heard a more 
stirring, effective dispensation of Divine truth anywhere than I have 
often heard in this house, and from the lips of our late pastor. 

But Mr. Maltby's great excellence as a minister, after .ill, was not in 
his pulpit performances. He was a most watchful, faithful, devoted 
pastor. He had those quantities of mind and heart which best fitted 
him to be a pastor, — kindness, gentleness, benevolence, sympathy, — 
and .all these associated with intelligence and judgment, and with a 
solemn sense of responsibility, as a watchman for souls. As a shep- 
herd he tenderly cared for his flock, and for all of them; the old and the 
young, the rich and the poor, the honored and the despised. He 
watched for the spiritual interests of his people, and suffered no inquir- 
ing, desponding soul, whether saint or sinner, of which he had any 
knowledge, to be neglected. He sought out the sick and the afflicted, 
visited them, and remembered them in his prayers. How often have 
we heard him, in our public meetings and on the Sabbath, praying for 
the afflicted among his people, with a particularity and an earnestness 
which showed how deeply he was interested for them. Only a few 
Sabbaths ago,— the last time that he ever stood in his desk, and when 
he was too feeble to stand here at all, — he offered up one of these re- 
markable prayers. 

In his visits among the people Mr. Maltby sought, not only a social, 
but a spiritiual .acquaintance with them,— with their difficulties, their 
fears, their conflicts,— that he might the more skilfully dispense to them 
the word of life, and give to every one his portion of meat in due sea- 
son. For the youth of his flock he felt a very special interest, and 
missed no opportunity to enlist them on the side of virtue and religion. 
How often did we sec him in the Sabbath-school, standing up as a 
father in the midst of his children, encouraging the teachers, and point- 
ing the pupils in the way to heaven. 

Deacon Duren kindly supplies the additional notes: 
The successful pastorate of Rev. John Maltby, its first 
pastor, continuing twenty-six years, closed by his lament- 
ed death. May 15, i860. Five hundred and forty-eight 
had during that time been added to the membership of 
the church— three hundred and twenty-two on confession 
of their faith, and two hundred and fifty-six by letter 
from other churches. 



f 



722 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



While without a pastor the pulpit was supplied for 
several months by Rev. Henry Storer, of Searboro; Rev. 
H. Q. Butterfield, now President of Olivet College, 
Michigan; by Professors George Shepard and Samuel 
Harris, of Bangor Theological Seminary, and for shorter 
periods by others; while Dr. Pond, who has been the 
friend and helper of the church since its organization, 
was ever ready to supply the pul])it, attend social meet- 
ings, and perform needed pastoral labor. 

The second pastor. Rev. Edwin Johnson, was installed 
pastor October 16, 1861. Sermon by Rev. George Leon 
Walker, of Portland; installing prayer. Dr. Pond; charge, 
Rev. Prof. S. Harris, D. D.; right-hand, Rev. E. W. Gil- 
man, of the First church, Bangor; address to the people, 
Prof. George Shepard, D. D. Having received a call to 
the Congregational church, Baltimore, Maryland, which 
he accepted, he was dismissed by Council, November 7, 
1865. Fifty-three were added to the church during his 
ministry — twenty-nine on confession of faith and twenty- 
four by letter. Mr. Johnson graduated at Yale, 1846; 
Yale Theological Seminary, 1850; was pastor of the 
First church, Jacksonville, Illinois, 1851-57; of Bowdoin 
street church, Boston, 1857-61. He has been pastor 
at Baltimore, Maryland, and Bridgeport, Connecticut, 
and is now resident at Morrisania, New York, and in 
charge of a young ladies' high school. 

In November, 1865, a call was extended to Rev. John 
S. Sewall, now Professor in the Theological Seminary, 
and in April, 1866, to Rev. Samuel H. Lee, now of 
Oberlin, Ohio, to the pastorate; both of which were de- 
clined. 

The third pastor, Rev. Solomon Payson Fay, was in- 
stalled November 9, 1866. Sermon by Rev. Alexander 
McKenzie, of Augusta; installing prayer, Rev. Dr. Har- 
ris, of the Theological Seminary, Bangor; charge. Rev. 
L. S. Rowland, of First church, Bangor; right-hand. 
Rev. G. W. Field, of the Central church, Bangor; ad- 
dress to people. Rev. Smith Baker, of Orono. During 
his ministry three hundred and two were added to the 
membership of the church — one hundred and eighty on 
confession of faith and one hundred and twenty-two by 
letter. Mr. Fay graduated at Marietta College, Ohio, 
1844; Andover Seminary, 1847; pastor at Hampton, 
New Hampshire, 1844-54; Congregational church, Day- 
ton, Ohio, 1854-59; agent American Tract Society, Bos- 
ton, 1S60-61; pastor Congregational church. Fall River, 
Massachusetts, 1861-63; supplied Salem Street church, 
Boston, 1863-65. He was dismissed by Council from 
this church December 19, 1879. He has supplied for 
about a year the Village church, Dorchester, Massachu- 
setts, and was installed its pastor November 2, 18S1. 

While without a pastor since 1S79, the pulpit has been 
supplied by Rev. Charles L. Mills sixteen Sabbaths; Rev. 
William Greenwood, eight; Rev. E. C. Winslow, four; 
Rev. C. Wallace, D. D., nine (each of whom added 
more or less pastoral work); supplied also by Professors 
in the Theological Seminary thirty-three Sabbaths, and 
by others from one to three Sabbaths each. 

On the 24th of October, 1881, the church and society 
by a joint committee appointed by them extended a call 



to Rev. Henry L. Griffin, of New Britain, Connecticut, 
and a graduate of \'a.\e College, to be their pastor. The 
call was accepted, and Mr. Griffin shortly after entered 
upon his duties. 

The whole number of members received into this 
church to the present time, November, 1881, is 1,079; 
by letter, 497 ; by profession, 582 ; dismissed to other 
churches, 472; deceased, 238; excluded, 23 — making 
the present number 346. Of these are resident mem- 
bers, 272; non-resident, 74. The smallest number in 
any year was 73 the first year; 127 the second year; the 
largest number was 388; averag'e for the forty-eight years, 
304. Of the number who constituted the church in 
1833 (65 members) only three remain. The native place 
of 696 members was Maine; New England States (165 
of them in Massachusetts), 279; Middle and Western 
States, 33; foreign lands, 71 ; total, 1,079. 

The annual meeting of the church is held on the last 
Wednesday in December, when the history of the church 
for the year, the amount of its benevolent contributions, 
letters and reports from non-resident members, in memo- 
riam of deceased members, etc., is presented. 

The amount of contributions for benevolent purposes 
for the forty-eight years is $63,112. From 1878 the 
weekly system of giving in envelopes, has been adopted. 

The church has sent delegates to the annual and semi- 
annual meetings of the Penobscot Conference of Con- 
gregational churches. It has been represented in 93 
councils for the ordination and installation of pastors; in 
21 for the ordination of missionaries or evangelists; in 
54 for the dismission of ministers ; in 16 for the organi- 
zation of churches ; in 11 convened in cases of difficulties 
in churches. 

The church edifice was built of brick in 1833, and 
dedicated July 23, 1834. Sermon by Rev. John Maltby, 
pastor-elect, who was installed in the afternoon of the 
same day. In 1850 a neat chapel was built in the rear 
of the church edifice, which was occupied instead of the 
damp vestries in the basement, until the meeting-house 
was remodeled in 1853. The walls were then raised and 
lengthened; a spire took the jilace of the two towers, and 
the whole interior of the house was refitted, including, 
new pews, organ, pastor's study, and vestries. Services 
of re-dedication were held February 17, 1854. Sermon 
by the pastor, Rev. John Maltby; dedicatory prayer. 
Rev. G. B. Little, of the First Church. In 1875, the 
interior of the audience-room was re-painted and frescoed, 
at an expense of $700. During the thiee months it oc- 
cupied, services were held in the vestry. On the loth of 
October the house was re-opened with appropriate ser- 
vices. 

The following is a list of the officers of the society : 

Moderators — John Godfrey, at the first meeting 
1832-33; also in 1845-47-49 ; T. A. Hill, 1834; W. D. 
Williamson, 1S35-38, 1840 41; James McGaw, 1839; G. 
Wheelwright, 1842-44; Otis Small, 1846; Walter Brown, 
1850-52; J. T. K. Haywood, 1853; W. H. Mills, 1854- 
57-61-63-66; G. W. Pickering, 1858; J. L. Hodgdon, 
1859-60; Charles Hayward, 1862-64-79; A. Noyes, 
1865-67-70-74-76; D. Wheeler, 1871-72; W. Mann, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



7*3 



1873-77; William Flowers, 1875 ;T. W. Vose, 1878-80; 
E. Neally, 1881. 

Clerks.— W. Thurston, 1S33-36; Charles H. Ham- 
mond, 1837; Charles Godfrey, in 1838; Henry Button, 
1839-44; Joel Hills, 1845-46; R. Potter, 1847-49, '59-62; 
Z. S. Patten, 1850 52; E. A. Upton, 1853; H. A. Butler, 
1854-55; G. H. Starrett, 1856-58; J. H. Perkins, 1865^ 
67; J. N. Chandler, 1868-69; E. B. Nealley, 1870-76; 
J. F. Kimball, 1877-78; G. S. Dole from 1879. 

Treasurers. — George Starrett, 1833-36; J. A. Poor, 
1837; J. McDonald, 1838; E. F. Duren, 1839-45; W. 
H. Mills, 1846-48; J. Chapman, 1849: J. E. Littlefield, 
1S50-74; A. L. Bourne, from 1875. 

Officers of the Church. — Deacons — George VV. Brown, 
1833 to his death in 1850; (ieorge Starrett, 1833 to his 
death in 1837; Zebulon Smith, 1837-46; J. E. Littlefield, 
I S40 to his death in 1876; E. F. Duren, 1840-45, and 
1854 to the present time; J. McDonald, 1846-47; J. S. 
Wheelwright, 1S47-53; J. McGaw, 1850-54; E. D. God- 
frey, 1850-53; S. D. Thurston, from 1S63; J. T. Tewks- 
bur)', 1S63 to his death in 1S72; A. L. Bourne, from 
1873; William P. Anderson, 1873-74; (leorge \Vebster, 
from 1S73. 

Scribes — A\'illiam Davenport, 1833-35; J- E. Little- 
field, 1835-40: E. F. Duren, 1840-42-43-45; R. Potter, 
1S42-43-46-47-48-50; E. Valentine, 1845-46, and Decem- 
ber, 1850-51; J. A. Hatch, 1847-48; E. D. Godfrey, 
1851-52; J. S. Johnson, 1852-53; E. F. Duren, from 1853 
to this time. 

In addition to the Parish Circle and Literary Club, the 
ladies have special organizations. A Missionary Society 
was formed by them in 1835; Dorcas Society in 1847 — 
both of which are now merged in the Missionary Circle. 
A Tract Society was organized in May, 1865; Maternal 
Association in 1834. Prayer meetnig Saturday after- 
noons. The Bangor Rill is a missionary organization 
for the children of the Sabbath-school. All arms of the 
church are quite efficient. 

The Sabbath-school was organized December 5, 1S33. 
Six hundred teachers and five thousand pupils have been 
connected with it. 

Superintendents. — George W. Brown and George 
Starrett, 1833-35; John M. Prince, 1836-37; John Mc- 
Donald, 1838; Louis Turner, 1839; Frederick Lambert, 
1840-41; Charles Godfrey, 1846-54; W. H. Mills, 1855- 
58; S. D. Thurston, 1859-62; K. V. Duren, 1863-71; A. 
L. Bourne, 1872; George Webster, 1873-76; J. M. Dag- 
gett, from 1 87 7. Mary B. Allen, Assistant Superinten- 
dent juvenile department, 1S72-78; Mrs. J. A. Kimball, 
from 1878. 

Secretaries. — William Davenport, 1833-34; S. P. Dut- 
ton, 1835; E. F. Duren, 1836-41, and 1843; J. E. Little- 
field, 1842; John M. Prince, Jr., 1844; Henry S. Brown, 
184546; John B. Foster, 1847 and 1854; W. H. Mills, 
1848-49; J. A. Hatch, 1850; E. F. Duren, 1852-59; J. 
H. Perkins, i860 62-63; A. L. Bourne, 1861; W. E. 
Mann, 1864-66; Charles M. Grififin, 1867-69; George 
Webster, 1870-72; S. Alden, 1873; John F. Kimball, 
1874-79-80; John H. Kerr, 1875-78; John H. Dole, 
from 1881. 



THE CENTR.^L CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 

In the early part of 1847 the subject of the formation 
of a new Congregational society began to exercise the 
minds of members of the churches of that faith in Ban- 
gor, and several informal meetings for discussion were 
held. On the 23d of January, under the State law, an 
application was duly made to John E. Godfrey, Esq., a 
justice of the peace in this city, looking to the inccrpo- 
ration of the Central Congregational Society of Bangor. 
This was signed by Messrs. Eliashib Adams, John Mc- 
Donald, William G. Hardy, W. S. Dennett, Charles W. 
Jenkins, Asa Walker, Romulus Haskins, Bradford Han- 
low, John Barker, A. H. Roberts, James Allen, Joel Hill, 
William Hall, and R. Thurston. 

In pursuance of the preliminary proceedings, the soci- 
ety was fully organized at a meeting held February 2, 
1847. Deacon E. Adams was elected Moderator, and 
Mr. Asa Walker Clerk. Messrs. John McDonald, 
Charles W. Jenkins, and Romulus Haskins, were elected 
Assessors, and likewise appointed Parish Committee for 
the year. Deacon James Allen was made Treasurer and 
Collector. Deacon Adams was chosen Auditor. It was 
voted that any person might become a member, for the 
time being, under the approval of the Parish Committee, 
by entering his name for that purpose in the parish books. 
The committee was instructed to procure, as soon as may 
be, a suitable place for holding a separate meeting, and 
to procure preaching for such a meeting. The hall in the 
new market-house was accordingly secured, and the ear- 
lier services of the church were held here. Some inef- 
fectual attempts were made during the next four or five 
years to purchase or lease a lot and erect a house of 
worshi]); and, at the fifth annual meeting of the society, 
held March 15, 1852, it was resolved, "that the present 
prospect of success is not, in our judgment, sufficient to 
warrant the continuance of our labors, and that, in effect, 
the further maintenance of |)ublic worship in that place 
must rest with the other Congregational churches of the 
city.'' A committee was appointed to present the resolu- 
tions to the other societies, which in due time reported 
as the sense of those bodies that "the Central Congrega- 
tional Church Society ought to be sustained," and "that 
said church and society ought to have and must have a 
house of worship, and that wo will help them to erect it." 
Invigorated by this encouragement, a new committee, 
consisting of Messrs. Joseph S. Wheelwright, Charles W. 
Jenkins, Romulus Haskins, Carlostin Jewett.and Henry S. 
Brown, was appointed to make fresh inquiries relative to 
the purchase of a lot, and it was also authorized to em- 
ploy an architect to make a plan for a meeting-house. 
Ujron their report a vote was taken in favor of purchas- 
ing the lot on Exchange street owned by Mrs. Mitchell 
and others, and the committee was instructed to obtain 
subscriptions for its purchase. It was soon afterward 
voted to buy instead one or two lots on French street, 
owned by Mr. Nathaniel Lord, where the church build- 
ing now stands; although the committee was i)resently 
given the option of [lurchasing either the southern part of 
these or the lot first named. The committee on lots was 
made a building committee, with J. S. Wheelwright as 



?24 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINfi. 



chairman, and instructed to procure the requisite plans 
and advertise for proposals for the erection of the edifice, 
as soon as the subscriptions should amount to $9,000. 
They met with good success in the procurement of sub- 
scriptions; the property on French street was purchased; 
and the erection of the house now occupied for worship 
by the society went rapidly forward. 

A somewhat unique resolution was passed March 14, 
1853, "that the Parish Committee be authorized, if they 
see fit, to engage some person deemed competent to 
teach a singing-school in connection, or otherwise, with 
the other Congregational societies, for the benefit of our 
singing, and to pay the expense out of the contingent 
fund." Some years afterwards another vote was passed, 
"that, when we adopt the new books, the congregation 
be respectfully requested to unite with the choir in sing- 
ing all the hymns." 

By 1853 the membership of the Parish had increased 
to forty. Twenty-five were added at one vote March 23, 
1863. March 12, 1878, the number who had been or 
were members to that time was 112. 

March 28, 1859, the use of the meeting-house was 
offered to the First Parish, while the church building be- 
longing to the latter was in course of repair. 

March 23, 1874, a debt incurred by the Sabbath- 
school, to the amount of $300, was assumed by the 
Parish. 

The first preacher to the church was Professor George 
Shepard, D. D., of the Theological Seminary, who 
served the society very acceptably and ably for sixteen 
years, resigning his acting pastorate at last March 23, 
1863. He received at various times from $800 to $1,000 
per year for his services. Resolutions of cordial appre- 
ciation, and a memorial from the ladies of the parish, 
were presented to him upon his retirement. 

The Rev. George W. Field, of Boston, was called to 
the pastorate April 4, 1863, and accepted, at a salary of 
$1,500 per year, which was increased to $1,800 at the 
annual meeting of 1865, in 1867 to $2,500, with the 
grant of six weeks' vacation every year, and in 1872 to 
$2,720. It was maintained at the latter rate until 1879, 
when it was reduced by $250, and has since been kept 
at $2,500. Mr. Field is still serving the society with great 
efficiency and success. 

INDEPENDENT CONGREGATIONAL (UNITARIAN) CHURCH.* 

The origin of our society as a liberal organization 
dates back to a time prior to the birth of Unitarianism 
in America. As you probably know, although the new 
leaven of liberal thought had been for a long time per- 
ceptibly working in the older settlements of New England, 
notably Boston and vicinty, rending almost every parish 
and village with fierce theological controversy, it was not 
until Dr. Channing's famous sermon was preached at the 
ordination of Mr. Sparks in Baltimore, in 18 19, that the 
real break occurred, and that the Unitarian church of 
America came into a recognized, and we might say a 
then abhorred existence. Just one year previous to this 

"Extract from a sermon preached in the fall of 1877, by the Rev. 
A. M. Knapp. Most kindly copied and furnished by Thomas W. 
Baldwin, Esq. 



open rupture between the two antagonistic schools of 
thought, — that is, in 1818, — we find from the record that 
the prevailing restlessness and dissatisfaction with the 
old order of things had reached the remote settlement 
of Bangor, and it took the form of a secession from the 
only Congregational church existing in the place. 

Contrary to the usual course of things in Massachu- 
setts, where in very many cases the liberal party outnum- 
bered their opponents, forced them to secede, and re- 
tained the church property, here the little band of liberal 
thinkers became exiles from their old religious home. 
The conflict which preceeded their exile seems to have 
been a bitter one, in which theological controversy ran 
high, and the odium theologicum was intense. 

The aim of the other party seems to have been the 
establishment of a religious test, doubtless with the idea 
of bringing about the exclusion of the new thought and 
its adherents. Against this thoroughly un-Protestant 
proceeding the real Protestants rebelled, and finding 
themselves in a minority, withdrew. With what feeling 
this was done, you may gather from the record. Not 
with the intent to revive old feuds, nor recall painful rec- 
ollections, but simply to give an idea of the prevailing 
spirit and temper of that time of eager controversy, in 
the heat of which doubtless many things which never 
should have been uttered, were said upon both sides, I 
will quote the original bond of association: 

Whf,re.\s, the peace and good order of society depend in a great 
measure upon the harmony existing between the various denominations 
of religious people; and whereas, it is provided by the constitution of 
this Commonwealth that there shall be no subordination of one religious 
sect or denomination to another; and whereas, in our opinion, the 
sentiments and conduct of the present Congregational Society in the 
town of Bangor are uncharitable, intolerant, and oppressive, tending 
to establish a religious test and to destroy that quiet, peace, and 
harmony which is of essential importance to the well-being of mankind; 
therefore we whose names are undersigned, desirous of preventing the 
evils which necessarily result from the conduct above mentioned, and of 
promoting religion upon consistent and liberal principles, do hereby 
agree to form ourselves into a society to be called the Independent 
Congregational Society of Bangor. 

To this remarkable bond of association there were 
signed twenty-one names, many of which were the names 
of men who, by the weight of their character, their public 
spirit, and business integrity, stood high in the estimation 
of their townsmen, and gave a decided impress to that 
spirit of individuality and sturdy common sense which 
our community in an eminent degree still retains.* 

The new society, homeless and feeble, evidently had a 
hard struggle for existence. For five years there are on 
record but two important business meetings, held 
respectively at the houses of Joseph R. Lumbert and 
Wiggins Hill. At the latter three new members were 
admitted, who signed a paper agreeing to unite them- 
selves to the Independent Congregational Society for the 
support of the rational doctrines of liberal Christianity. 

In 1823 the society seems to have attained the dignity 
of a regular parish, as there appears the first formal call 
for a parish meeting at the Court-house, now the City 
Hall, where Sunday services were occasionally held, that 
place having been the early home of every religious soci- 
ety in the city. 

* The association was formed March 25, 1818. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



7*5 



During the first fifteen or twenty years of its existence, 
though there was no rapid increase in numbers, the ac- 
cessions to the society were for the most part men of even 
more sterling worth, of even more influence and stand- 
ing, than the original twenty-one, some of whom could not 
remain under the odium which attached to the new or- 
ganization. 

In 1824 a committee was chosen to provide a house 
for worship. But how poorly provided the society was for 
such a pecuniary burden may be gathered from the fact 
that in that year the sum appropriated for the support of 
the ministry was $120. The next year the sum was 
doubled, and for quite a number of years thereafter there 
was a steady increase, untill the salary voted indicated 
what was in those times positive affluence. 

There is no mention of any step taken toward building 
until, in 1827, a part of the present lot of land was given 
to the society by Isaac Davenport, for the erection of a 
brick church. This was a doubly acceptable gift, pro- 
viding, it would seem, not only the land, but also the 
impetus needed; for in two years more, in 1829, the 
church was completed, which, singularly enough, though 
it fronted on Main street, was always known by the name 
of the Union Street Brick Church, that being also the name 
by which the corporation called itself The confusion 
which might result from the use of the two names, "In- 
dependent Congregational Society" and "Union Street 
Brick Church," the former being an unincorporated body, 
was in 1852 remedied by a new incorporation under the 
first name, the two old associations deeding to the new- 
all the property held under their respective names. 

The so-called Union Street Brick Church was a plain, 
commodious structure, the largest and finest then in the 
city. It was dedicated September 3, 1829, by services in 
which Rev. Mr. Huntoon, of Canton, Massachusetts, and 
Rev. Mr. Frothingham, of Belfast, took part. 

The call to a minister to settle with the new society 
followed close upon the completion of the church. On 
the 7th of November it was unanimously voted to extend 
a call to the Rev. Benjamin Huntoon, of Canton, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Mr. Huntoon remained pastor four years, administer- 
ing his office and performing his duties to the satisfaction 
of all, and endearing himself to all by his kindly ways. 
He resigned, in 1833, on account of ill health. 

The pulpit now remained vacant for two years, the 
usual difference of opinion in an independent society 
manifesting itself in regard to candidates, until in 1835 
a call was given to Mr. Frederic H. Hedge, of Cam- 
bridge, a young man of thirty. 

During the fifteen years of Dr. Hedge's ministry the 
growth and prosperity of the society seem to have cul- 
minated. In numbers, wealth, and influence it was a 
power in the community. Though under him the strength 
and prosperity of the society culminated, yet also under 
him it saw its period of greatest depression. It was in 
his pastoral that the great bubble of speculation burst, 
and financial ruin came upon almost every family in the 
city. 

In 1847 Dr- Hedge obtained leave of absence for a 



year, for the purpose of visiting Europe. In the follow- 
ing year, extensive repairs bemg made upon the church, 
the Universalist society offered the use of their house, 
an offer which was gratefully accepted, and as a mark of 
appreciation of the kindness, a clock was presented to 
our hospitable neighbors. Two years after the pastor's 
return from Europe, in the fifteenth year of his ministry, 
he received and accepted a call from the Westminster 
society in Providence, Rhode Island, and his resignation 
followed, his people parting from him with the deepest 
regret, and with many e.xpressions of their love and 
appreciation. 

Only six months intervened before a call was given to 
Rev. Joseph H. Allen, of Washington, D. C, then a 
young man of thirty. His pastorate continued six years. 
In him the scholarly tone of thought and life given by 
his predecessor was continued; and the society, having 
recovered in some degree from its financial embarrass- 
ments, continued as prosperous and successful as could 
be expected. Its prosperity, however, received another 
most severe check in the total destruction of the church 
by fire on the morning of Sunday, November 30, 1851. 
Only the communion service, part of the pew furniture, 
the pulpit, and the Sunday-school library, were saved 
from the wreck. 

From the many proffers of use of churches, the society 
deemed it best to accept that of their old friends, the 
Universalists, with whom they were then and have ever 
been in the pleasantest relations. 

The misfortune under which they labored, there being 
no insurance on the property destroyed, was not permit- 
ted to discourage the people. With characteristic energy, 
measures were immediately taken to rebuild. A building 
committee was chosen, the lot was greatly enlarged by 
the purchase of more land, and in September of 1853, 
about twenty months after the destruction of the former 
church, the present exquisitely proportioned and beauti- 
ful edifice was finished, and furnished with a taste and 
judgment which in those days had not been excelled. 

No very heavy debt was incurred, and in the whole 
history of the society there has been no stain upon Us 
financial honor; it seems never to have been burdened 
with any debt which it was not within its power, with very 
slight effort, to liquidate. Generous liberality seems to 
have marked the course of its prominent members, thus 
showing that they kept true to the original articles of as- 
sociation, which declared for religion upon consistent and 
liberal principles. 

In May, 1857, closed Mr. Allen's pastorate, after sev- 
en years of the untiring labor and devoted zeal which 
have ever marked his character and services. 

After two more years of the dreary experience of hear- 
ing candidates, and after an unsuccessful call to the Rev. 
Mr. Frothingham, of Portland, the society heard with 
such great satisfaction the very youngest sermons of Mr. 
C. C. Everett, then a young man of thirty, a student in 
the Cambridge Divinity School, that, he not being able 
to consider a call while connected with the school, they 
waited nearly half a year for his release, and then had 
the fortune to secure as their pastor one who, besides 



f 



726 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



giving them for ten years tiie blessing of faithful and de- 
voted service and valued friendship, has also won for 
himself a world-wide reputation among scholars and men 
of letters, for work which is destined to live with ever 
increasing influence — work, too, performed under every 
possible discouragement and physical disability. The 
relation of pastor and people was so thoroughly har- 
monious that nothing but his appointment to a [jrofessor- 
ship at Harvard could, in all probability, have sufficed to 
sever the bond. 

After the resignation of Mr. Everett, with that extraor- 
dinary disposition which the society has constantly e.\- 
hibited to repeat its history, an interval of two years of 
candidating elapsed, until in September, 187 1, your pres- 
ent pastor (Rev. Arthur May Knapp), then a young man 
of thirty, was called. 

Mr. Baldwin adds a note to bring the history from the 
time of Mr. Knapp's pastorate to the present : 

In February, 1874, Mr. Knapp asked for a leave of 
absence for si.\ months on account of ill health, which 
time he spent in traveling in Europe. 

In the summer of 1877 extensive repairs were made 
on the interior of the church, and at the opening of the 
church after their completion, Rev. Mr. Knapp preached 
the sermon from which the foregoing extract is taken. In 
February, 1879, ^6 closed his pastorate. 

In February, 18S0, Rev. S. J. Stewart, of Fitchburg, 
Massachusetts, was called to fill the pul[)it for one year; 
and so great satisfaction did he give that in November, 
1880, a permanent call was given him, w'hich he ac- 
cepted. 

WEST BANGOR CH.\PEL (CONGREGATION.^l).* 

In 1833, when the village was known as Barkerville, 
some who believed that here was one of the by-ways 
where their Master would have tiiem go, to invite people 
to the gospel-feast, held meetings in the school-house, 
which was then located on the Webster road, near the 
corner of Lincoln street. The members of the Theo- 
logical Seminary took an active part in the work ; among 
them Rev. Dr. Hamlin, afterwards a prominent mission- 
ary in Turkey; Revs. John I). I\aris and Elias Bond, 
missionaries at the Sandwich Islands, and Rev. (ieorge 
F. Claflin, a missionary to Africa. 

In 1848 two young men, members of Hammond 
Street society, afterwards active members of the church, 
J. Evarts Pond, and Henry W. Rice established a Sab- 
bath school, which was the origin of the present school. 
It was held at first only from May to October, but for the 
last twenty-five years every Sabbath. In 1858 there was 
a regular organization of the school. Darius E. Adams, 
now a devoted pastor at Ashburnham, Massachusetts, was 
the first Superintendent ; William G. Duren, Secretary, 
who has been connected with the school as teacher. 
Secretary, Manager, or Superintendent for twenty-five 
years, with unwearied devotion and constancy. Dennis 
C. Fink was its second Superintendent, afterward a faith- 
ful minister, who died in New Boston, New Hampshire, 
June 22, 187 1, aged thirty-nine. Deacon S. D. Thurston 

* By Deacon Elnalhan F. Duren. 



and Deacon W. P. Anderson were Superintendents a few 
months each, the latter until he removed to Boston ;- 
Deacon A. L. Bourne, Superintendent five years; N. W. 
Littlefield from iSSo. Teachers from Hammond Street 
and other churches, and the Seminary, have been present 
each Sabbath, and done good service. 

The Sabbath-school and religious services were held in 
the school-house on Webster street, and in Allen Street 
school-house when that was built, in 1849, all in the 
neighborhood meeting together. In 1872-3 some oppo- 
sition began to spring u]i, and the result was that a part 
of the time the Sabbath-school and meetings were held 
in private dwellings. All felt the need of having a 
Christian home. There were forty families represented, 
and there being no church edifice in the vicinity, many 
were unable to attend public worship, and the school- 
house was not large or convenient enough to accommo- 
date all who desired to. 

Accordingly the present neat chapel was built in 
1873-4, and dedicated April 2, 1874, Professor Barbour, 
and Dr. Pond, of the Seminary, Rev. G. W. Field, Rev. 
S. P. Fay, and Rev. J. E. Pond, of the Congregational 
churches, Rev. Dr. Butler, of the Baptist church, and 
Rev. A. Prince, of the Methodist church, taking part in 
the service. A hymn was written for the occasion by 
Mrs. J. E. Littlefield, and a poem by Mrs. D. M. Dun- 
ham. Mr. and Mrs. Dunham, Mr. and Mrs. H. Doughty, 
! Mr. and Mrs. William G. Duren, with efficient helpers, 
took a leading interest in the work. Much of the mate- 
rial was donated and money contributed by friends, and 
nearly every one in the vicinity gave a portion of their 
services to aid in building. The lot was paid for by 
three gentlemen respectively connected with the three 
Congregational churches of Bangor, and they were ap- 
pointed trustees of the jiroperty (though the enterprise 
was not considered denominational). 

The changes which have been wrought in the general 
condition of that part of the city bear testimony to the 
influence of the efforts to promote its moral and relig- 
ious interests. There is a change in its outward appear- 
ance. There is thrift and order and quiet where there 
were once shiftlessness, disorder, and confusion. 

The West Bangor Chapel Association was organized 
June 5, 1880, and by-laws were adopted. The following 
are the officers: Rev. J. E. Adams, Deacon A. L. 
Bourne, James A. Dole, Charles E. Seeland, Edward H. 
Bailey, Standing Committee; William G. Duren, Secre- 
tary; Pierre McConville, Treasurer; E. F. Duren, Au- 
ditor. 

CROSBYVILLE CHAPEL. 

A missionary enterprise, conducted as an undenomi- 
national effort, but in which the Congregationalists of the 
city took chief interest, has been undertaken of late 
years in that quarter known as " Crosby ville," on the 
Hampden road, below the City Farm. It culminated in 
the latter part of 1881, in the erection of a neat chapel 
for public worship — a building very creditable to the 
neighborhood, and one which gives promise of the or- 
ganization therein, at no distant day, of a flourishing re- 
ligious society. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



727 



FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.* 

Nine persons, members of the Baptist churclies, iuid 
become residents of Bangor, who, in their ])riv;ite dwell- 
ings, were often together for prayer; occasionally enjoy- 
ing a communion season with the church in Hampden, 
of which they became members — but chiefly attending 
upon the preaching of the town minister, of course, if, as 
provident men, they looked for any benefit from their re- 
ligious money, which was legally claimed for his support. 

In December, 1817, the Rev. Isaac Case, on a mission- 
ary tour, visited these brethren, and baptized two per- 
sons, Edward Sargent and Sarah Randall, supposed by 
some to be the first persons baptized in town. Resulting 
from that visit was the appointment of a meeting for the 
organization of a church. 

Accordingly, on the afternoon of the 25th of January, 
1818, a few neighbors were seen quietly gathering in a 
room then occupied by Thomas Bradbury, in a house 
owned by a Mr. Seward, in the rear of the present Penob- 
scot Exchange, which was the service which we now 
commemorate. The presiding officer was the venerable 
Elder Buck, of Orland; Nathaniel Parker, of Hampden, 
was clerk; and Elders Dexter, of China, Case of Read- 
field, and Ruggles, of Carmel, with deacons from distant 
churches, sat in council with them. Before them sat 
eleven disciples, meeting a singular embarrassment at the 
very threshold of their undertaking. Unfortunately their 
letters of dismission, expected from distant churches, had 
not arrived; and, therefore, in apostolic independence of 
all ecclesiastical authority (perhaps the most distinctive 
principle of their denomination), it was decided that each 
should give an account of personal religious experience, 
and that they should be recognized as a church, if satis- 
factory evidence was given to the council, and to one 
another, of a special work of grace in their hearts. 

Satisfactory evidence having been obtained of the con- 
version of those professed disciples, all stood in a circle 
with joined hands, as the covenant was read, when Elder 
Case exhorted them to faithfulness in the Christian walk, 
and then commended to God in [jrayer the little house- 
hold, thus in primitive simplicity organized, which ven- 
tured to assume a name as the Baptist Church of Ban- 
gor, and to open its apparently uninviting door for the 
welcome of heaven-bound pilgrims. The organization 
having been completed, .Mr. Nathan Fiske immediately 
presented himself as a candidate for membership, and on 
the following Sabbath was baptized ; after which the little 
band, just equal in number to that with the Master when 
the sacred rite was instituted, assembled for the first 
time around the table of the Lord. 

Popular prejudice still remained, hardly credible now; 
which, happily, none of any sect would countenance at 
the present time, for which none now living are account- 
able. Quite difficult for us to believe the fact that here, 
at that time, a man who otherwise would have had urged 
upon him the honors of the community, was rudely 
pushed into the ditch on Sunday, because one coming 

*.'\bridged from an histoiic.il discourse by the Rev. Albion K. I'. 
Small, the Sabbath after the semi-centennial anniversary, January 25, 
1868. 



from a Baptist meeting was not supposed to have any 
right to walk the same path with those of the standing 
order. And women are remembered who went with 
drooping heads and veiled faces, because to be known 
going to their place of worship was no slight humiliation. 

.'\nd the pittance of money which they could spare for 
religious purposes being still expected for the support of 
the town minister, — to provide for one of their own, and 
to obtain a respectable place of public worship, being ut- 
terly impossible, — we are quite certain that nothing less 
than most decided convictions of duty could have led 
that little church, in its penury, to venture out into the 
cold world, so like its Master, without where to shelter its 
head. From its birthplace it might have been followed, 
now to an old school-house on State street ; and now to 
a place once known as "Eeavitt's Hall," near City Point, 
then known as "Budge's Point;" sometimes to a school- 
house on the hill opposite the First Parish church ; some- 
times to one on Union street ; driven at times to an un- 
finished upper room in that private dwelling (so difficult 
of access) now standing nearly opposite the Hammond 
Street church ; and at length to the old City Hall. When 
attemins had been made to obtain land on which to build, 
others of more ability immediately purchased it, to de- 
prive them of any permanence. 

In one year after the organization of the church, Rev. 
Otis Briggs was invited to the pastorate, which office he 
nominally filled about two years (somewhat longer, preach- 
ing a part of the time, while Preceptor of Hampden 
Academy), never having been installed, but referred to 
in the records as the " Elder " of the church. Mr. Briggs 
was a graduate of Brown University, of the class of 1808. 
He was ordained as pastor of the church in North Yar- 
mouth, July 23, 1816, where he remained two years, and 
commenced his ministry here in the spring of 1819. He 
was afterwards pastor of the First Baptist church in 
Hampden eight years, and three years of the Second 
church in that town. In 1838 he was appointed agent 
of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and on 
a journey in that service, after an illness of four days, 
during which he calmly closed his worldly affairs, sending 
affectionate messages to his family, and speaking of his 
hope in his Redeemer and his readiness to depart, he 
suddenly died at the house of a friend in South Carolina, 
October i, 1842, aged fifty six years. 

The records of the Maine Baptist Convention (which 
was organized in 1824) show that missionaries of its ap- 
pointment preached here for a few weeks or months, at 
diffetent times ; among whom were William I). (Irant, 
Ezra Going, H. B. Dodge, and Daniel Bartlett. 

Thus the church pursued an uneven journey, with al- 
most disheartening feebleness, till 1828, when there 
dawned one of the brightest, most memorable seasons in 
all its history. The singular faith and courage which 
seemed to prelude the new era may be suggested by the 
fact that land had at length been secured, and arrange- 
ments made for the erection of a sanctuary, the estimated 
cost of which was more than all the property of the mem- 
bers. The plans of that house were spoken of as indica- 
tions of insanity. Days of fasting and prayer were of 



-7 



728 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



somewhat frequent occurrence. Unexpected and gener- 
ous friends soon were found, prominent among whom 
were Messrs. N. R. Cobb, of Boston, and Nicholas 
Brown, of Providence. As a pleasing indication of more 
kindly popular feeling, it appears that Benjamin Bussey, 
Esq., of Boston, to whom the Selectmen of Bangor had 
presented a vote of thanks for his donation of a bell for 
the Congregational society in 1816, now (twelve years 
later) united with John P. Boyd in bestowing upon this 
society the same favor. 

At a meeting of the Maine Baptist Convention in 
Thomaston, in October, 1827, the chairman of the com- 
mittee to distribute the meagre domestic missionary 
funds, in a special plea for as large an appropriation as 
possible towards a missionary for Bangor, set forth the 
condition of this promising village in such an interesting 
manner that Deacon Joshua Adams, of Thomaston (or 
" Owl's Head," as the fathers would say), immediately 
arose and pledged the support of a missionary at Bangor 
for eight weeks. The Rev. J. S. Smith was found all 
ready for the service, even longing for it before it was 
proposed. 

The place of baptism so frequently visited before the 
native banks of the Kenduskeag were changed into city 
wharves, was spoken of as near the hay scales on Ex- 
change street, not far from the house where the church 
was organized. 

The first regularly settled pastor was Rev. Thomas B. 
Ripley, who had been a pastor in Portland twelve years. 
He arrived in Bangor in season to preach the dedication 
sermon, the i6th of April, 1829, from the text, i Chron. 
29: 3 — "I have set my affection to the house of my 
God." 

The interesting services of that occasion were partici- 
pated in by Rev. Dr. Pomroy, of the First Parish 
church; Rev. Greenleaf Greeley, of the Methodist church; 
Rev. Mr. Briggs, of Hampden; and Professors Adams 
and Smith, of the Theological Seminary. The Bangor 
Register of that date said: "It was gratifying to witness 
the harmony which seemed to pervade the feelings of the 
different denominations; and it is believed the friends 
of religion had much enjoyment." 

The installation of Mr. Ripley took place on the loth 
of September, 1829, in connection with the fourth very 
interesting anniversary of the Penobscot Baptist Asso- 
ciation which was held here; — the sermon being preached 
by Rev. Alonzo King, of North Yarmouth, from the text 
James 5: 20 — "Let him know that he which converteth 
the sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul 
from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins." 

The First Baptist Society was duly organized on the 
17th of October, 1828, and during all the years since it 
has acted most efficiently and in perfect harmony with 
the church. 

This was the period also when the Sunday-school, after 
fitful signs of life while following the hard fortunes of the 
church, came into vigorous action by the organization of 
a Sunday-school Society, as another co-ordinate and 
profitable branch of the service. 

After five years of growth and consolidation, during 



which a book of hymns for social worship, the articles of . 
faith, and church covenant (compiled by the pastor) were j 
adopted, and nearly one hundred persons added to the 
churchj the happy and successful pastorate of Mr. Rip- 
ley terminated in 1834. 

On the 30th of September, in the same year, occurred ' 
the installation of Rev. Thomas Curtis, from England. 
The sermon on that occasion was preached by Rev. Wil- 
liam Hague, of Boston. Dr. Curtis remained pastor 
about three years, during which time a very interesting! 
revival was enjoyed and about seventy were added to the 
church. 

In the spring of 1838 Rev. Adam Wilson was welcomed 
to another three-years pastorate — to be, after faithful pre- 
paratory work, an active participator in another of those 
heavenly refreshings never to be forgotten by those who 
shared its blessings, during which more than fifty werej 
baptized and added to the church. 

In the autumn of 1841 commenced the pastorate ofJ 
Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, from Hamilton, New York, dur-' 
ing whose ministry, by the addition of goodly numbers, 
the church reached that interesting measure of strength 
and heroic purpose which constrained a colony of its 
enterprising sons and daughters to become the pioneers 
of the Second Baptist church in this city. 

Early in 1846 the continued ill health of Dr. Chaplin 
made it necessary for the reluctant church to accept his 
resignation. 

On the 27th of August, 1846, was another deeply in- 
teresting ordination and installation service in this house 
— when a sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Sears, of 
Newton ; a solemn prayer offered by Father Drinkwater; 
a hand of fellowship extended by Rev. Mr. Porter ; an 
address by Rev. Mr. Granger — and thus commenced 
the twelve mterestmg years of ministry of Rev. Samuel L. 
Caldwell, D. D. 

The next evening after the organization, and more 
than ten years before the installation of a pastor. Royal 
Clark was unanimously chosen the first deacon, who so 
honored that office forty years, till his death. Ten years 
after the first election Anthony Woodard was chosen; 
and at a meeting in Cram's Hall, by the laying on of 
hands was solemnly set apart to the office which, save for j 
an intermission of about seven years, he held till 1868. 

Samuel Garnsey, in 1848, allowed himself to be pro- 
moted from the society to become a standard-bearer in 
the church. 

These veterans, esteemed for long and steady fidelity, 
for safe judgment, wisdom in council, and many years of 
watchful regard for Zion, have at length, in accordance 
with their own earnest wish, associated with them in 
ofifice Arad Thompson, Alfred O. Stewart, and James M. 
Dickey. 

The others, who for limited periods have served as 
deacons, have been I. Chamberlain, R. Talpey, Z. Rog- 
ers, and F. Shepherd. 

This house, costing originally $10,000 and so much 
toil and sacrifice, has twice received thorough repairs; 
the first in 1835, when the lofty galleries, from their 
ancient sacred height, were brought in the region of com- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



729 



mon people below, and an organ, costing $1,000, was 
•welcomed, which, after its excellent service of more than 
thirty ye^rs, has just been displaced by one costing less 
than $3,000. 

Weary with climbing to the attic vestry — situated in 
one particular, as some perhaps thought, too far toward 
heaven for earthly worshippers, and after years of trial 
finding the basement vestry as much too low — in 1852 
the praying ones were very happy to enter the new chapel, 
built and furnished by the cheerful contributions of more 
than $2,000. 

Four years later this house received its most complete 
and satisfactory refitting, when its entire interior was 
made anew, at an expense of about $5,300; at which 
lime the most desirable arrangement was reached of 
having the pews all owned by the society — bringing to 
an end the perplexities about pew taxes and subscrip- 
tions -the money being since raised by those who only 
do themselves the kindness of secunng a seat. 

Professedly connected with it in the fellowship of the 
church, have been in all 767 members — not, of course, to 
remain together an unbroken family, but each in his place 
to stand as a soldier awaiting orders. Besides the colo- 
nies going out to North Bangor in 1842, and to the Sec- 
ond church in 1845, others have been continually pushing 
abroad from this spiritual home to distant cities and 
towns,in nearly all parts of the world. 

Thus far Mr. Small. He came into the pastorate Au- 
gust 19, 1858, upon the retirement of the Rev. Mr. 
Caldwell. Most interesting anniversary services were 
observed January 25 and 26, 1868, at which were present 
ex-pastors Ripley, Wilson, Caldwell, and many other ven- 
erable children of the faith. Mr. Small's pastorate closed 
the same year, and he was succeeded in 1869 by the 
Rev. Francis T. Hazlewood, who is still (at the close of 
1 881) acceptably serving the church. 

FIRST FREE BAI'TLST CHURCH.* 

Under the labors of Rev. John Lamb, of Brunswick, 
Maine, a church was organized in Bangor, in the City 
Hall, January 23, 1836, with twelve members, eight of 
whom were males. Rev. Silas Curtis, then of Augusta, 
and still living, assisted in the organization. Jotham 
Parsons was chosen Deacon, and John I. D. Sanford 
Clerk. 

The church did not call a pastor, that not being usual 
with the denomination at that time, and within the year 
we find the names of Rt-v.s. J. W. Holnian, Dexter 
Waterman, Samuel Hutchins, and Daniel Jackson as of- 
ficiating in its ordinances, while eighteen were added to 
its membership. 

In 1837 the church united with the Exeter Quarterly 
Meeting, at a session held in Charleston. In 1838 Animi 
R. Bradbury, a member of the church, was ordained to 
the work of the ministry, and in 1839 another member, 
Moses M. Smart, was also ordained by the Quarterly 
Meeting, at Springfield. 

These brethren, with Revs. A. Bridges, C. S. Pratt, M. 
Shepherd, K. R. Davis, and A. Caverno, constitute the 

*By the kindness of the pastor. Rev. R. L. Howard. 



more efficient list of ministers for the remaining years of 
the church's existence, the labors of the two latter being 
especially fruitful in additions to its membership. 

Soon after its organization the church left the City 
Hall and worshiped in school-houses, using one on the 
corner of French and Cumberland streets for the most 
part, till May, 1841, when it returned to the City Hall 
for a season. Later in the year its public meetings were 
suspended for want of a place to hold them, but in April, 
1842, the old Methodist meeting-house on Union street, 
near Pickering Stpare, was obtained, and there its wan- 
derings ceased. 

March i, 1843, I'le first and Second Bangor, the First 
and Second Hermon, with the Oldtown, Argyle, and 
Carmel churches, united in the formation of what is 
known as the Bangor Quarterly Meeting, which was or- 
ganized and held its first session with the First Bangor 
church. At this time and a little later, under the labors 
of Rev. A. Caverno, the church was more vigorous than 
at any other period in its existence, its membership 
reaching ninety-one. 

But not far from this time the Millerite excitement 
made discouraging havoc among its members, and sotne 
disaffection with the pastor arose in 1844, which resulted 
in his resignation and commencing to hold separate 
meetings. This led to serious trials, the calling of a 
council whose decisions were unsatisfactory, and the 
final hopeless division of the church and loss of its visi- 
bility, its record terminating al)ruptly March 29, 1845. 

But prior to this time eighteen members of the old 
church, who had been dismissed therefrom by letter, re- 
gardmg its condition as hopeless, united in calling a 
Council consisting of Revs. John N. Rines, Moses 
Shepherd, and Jabez Fletcher, and Deacon Josiah 
Howe, which assembled at the meeting-house on the 28th 
of January, 1845, and organized them into what was 
then called the Summer Street Free Will Baptist Church. 
Ira Chamberlain was chosen Deacon, and J. M. Lougee, 
Clerk. 

At the next regular meeting Hiram Skillin imited by 
letter, and being ordained the 29th of ALay following, 
served the church for some time as its pastor. Within 
the year quite a number of the members of the defimct 
church united with this, and its growth was steady and 
vigorous. 

Rev. H. Skillin left in September, 1846, and after a 
few weeks' supply by Rev. John Lord, Rev. Phillip 
Weaver became its pastor in May, 1847, and in July fol- 
lowing the church united with the Unity Quarterly Meet- 
ing, with which it remained connected till June, 1879, 
when it withdrew and joined the Exeter (Quarterly Meet- 
ing. The Bangor Quarterly Meeting subsequently be- 
came extinct. 

In 1849 Daniel Lary and Jefferson Higgins were 
chosen deacons. 

Upon date of August 31, 1849, we find this entry in 
the records: "The Asiatic cholera has made its appear- 
ance in this city." September 2 this appears: "On the 
Sabbath twenty-seven cases and seventeen deaths." On 
the 3d, "Brother George McClure fell a victim to this 



730 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



fatal disease after a sickness of twelve hours," and on the 
14th, "Brother Samuel Norton died of cholera, after a 
sickness of six hours." 

March 11, 1850, the name of the church was changed 
from "Summer Street" to "The Free Will Baptist 
Church of Bangor," and Edmund H. Fogg was chosen 
Clerk, a position which he held upwards of twenty years. 

About this tune a very comfortable but unwisely lo- 
cated house of worship was built on the corner of York 
and Pine streets. In October, 1854, Rev. I\Ir. Weaver 
closed his labors with the church, leaving it in a some- 
what low and discouraged state, though his pastorate had 
been for the most part successful. No meetings were 
held during the winter following. 

But in April, 1855, Rev. M. H. Tarbo.\, a young 
brother full of zeal, who had recently graduated from the 
Bangor Theological Seminary and knew the condition 
and wants of the church better than any one else, de- 
termined to devote himself to its interests, being most 
heartily co-operated with by some of its members. As a 
first step it was determined to arise and build in a more 
mviting locality, and a suitable site was secured on Esse.v 
street, near State. Into this work Mr. Tarbox entered 
with great energy, and as a result we read in the records 
of December 20, 1856: "Had opening exercises in the 
vestry of our new house of worship, on Essex street, and 
it was a time of rejoicing and thanksgiving to God." 

This house was completed and dedicated to the wor- 
ship of God at a session of the Unity Quarterly Meeting 
held therein December 2, 1859, and is the present house 
of worship of the church, being in good repair and amply 
sufficient for years to come. 

Rev. Mr. Tarbox resigned in May, 1862, having 
labored faithfully and sacrificingly for a little more than 
seven years, and proved, under God, the most successful 
pastor the church ever had. 

The names of Revs. C. S. Perkins and J. Mariner 
follow as supplies till December, when the church settled 
Rev. J. S. Burgess, who remained till October, 1865, 
when he accepted a call to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 

Rev. E. G. Chaddock supplied to good acceptance till 
July, 1866, when Rev. W. G. M. Stone, of Wisconsin, 
was called to the pastorate. He remained, however, but 
a year, and then accepted a call to Providence, Rhode 
Island, to be succeeded by Rev. S. E. Root, for a year, 
when the supply system was again invoked, first in Rev. 
A. P. Tracy, who did good work as long as he was able 
to remain, being in school; and then in one Thomas 
Cooper, a student in the Seminary, recently from Eng- 
land, and not a member of the denomination. This 
proved to be the most dark and trying period in the his- 
tory of the church, which it came near concluding. 

But in the summer of 1869 Rev. S. D. Church, a very 
devoted and able minister, was settled over the church, 
and it slowly began again to rise. The spring of 187 1 
witnessed some revival interest and the addition of sev- 
eral members. 

Mr. Church remained till the spring of 1872, giving 
nearly three years of arduous labor to the pastorate, and 
was followed by another noble worker, Arthur Given, 



who was ordained over the church at its request, by the 
Unity Quarterly Meeting, December 6, 1872, and re- 
mained till February, 1875. 

In April of this year S. C. Whitcomb, a young brother 
who had found the life that is in Christ in this church, 
and had completed a full course in the Bangor Theologi- 
cal Seminary, was dismissed from the church with its 
benediction to enter upon the work of the gospel minis- 
try in other fields, he having been called to the pastorate 
of the Dover and Foxcroft Free Baptist Church. 

About the same time Rev. J'lrnes Boyd began his 
labors with the church, which were continued three and 
one-half years, closing in the autumn of 1878. 

February, 1879, Rev. R. L. Howard, the present pas- 
tor, received a call from the church, and was settled over 
it. Its present outlook is encouraging and vigorous; its 
stated meetings of worship are well attended, and its Sab- 
bath school flourishing. It has one member now in the 
Theological Seminary, in the middle year, who is a licen- 
tiate and preaching with good acceptance— George N. 
Howard, son of the pastor. 

Among the many workers of the church, who have 
contributed largely to its permanence and success, the 
name of Deacon H. Fogg should be mentioned, who be- 
came connected with it early in 1845, and as Clerk, Dea- 
con, and Sunday-school Superintendent, in person and 
purse, served it untiringly, till called from labors to re- 
wards in August, 1877. The whole city, as well as the 
church, mourned his departure, and his memory is 
blessed. 

The present officers of the church are F. O. Buzzell 
and H. J. Preble, deacons; H. J. Preble, Clerk; A. P. 
Chick, Sunday-school Superintendent, and O. S. Sands, 
Assistant Superintendent. Its present resident member- 
ship is one hundred, and non-resident sixty. 

ST. John's (roman catholic) parish.* 

Some Catholic families settled in the town of Bangor 
at a very early period in its history. It is certain that as 
early as 18 10 there were Catholics living in the town. In 
1825 the Bishop of Boston, the Right Reverend Bishop 
Fenwick, visited the place and gave some of those beau- 
tiful exhortations which those who heard them never for- 
got. The Catholics of the town were visited from time to 
time by the priests of Oldtown, among others Rev. Virgil 
Barbour, a convert from the Protestant ministry to the 
Catholic Church. In December, 1828, James Conway 
celebrated the first mass in the town, for a small congre- 
gation, in the house of James Carr, on Court street, now 
the residence of Gorham L. Boynton. The following 
year a dwelling on Broad street was used temporarily as a 
place of worship. The same year a lot for a school was 
purchased on Court street. 

In 1832 Rev. Patrick McNamee was permanently 
placed in charge. Rev. Michael Lynch succeeded him 
in 1S36, and in the summer of the same year he com- 
menced the erection of St. Michael's church on Court 
street, which was dedicated the following winter. 

Rev. Father Lynch was succeeded by Rev. T. O'SulIi- 

* These notes are courteously contributed by the Rev. Father Edward 
McSweeney, pastor of the church. 







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HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



731 



van, who took charge of -the parish in December, 1839. 
He remained in charge for fourteen years. During his 
pastorate the number of the Catholic population in- 
creased so considerably that an enlargement of the 
church was necessary. 

In 1853 Rev. John Bapst, S. J., was placed in charge 
of all the missions east of the Penobscot, with Bangor as 
his residence. Besides Bangor, he attended VVinterport, 
Rockland, Thomaston, Ellsworth, Machias, Eastport, and 
other Catholic settlements of Eastern Maine. At this 
period Bangor had a Catholic population of si.x thousand, 
more than one-third of the whole population. A larger 
church was necessary. A lot on Broadway was pur- 
chased. It is an index of the bigotry of the time on the 
part of some that so much opposition was manifested to 
the erection of the church on this lot that the site was 
changed. In 1855 was laid the corner-stone of St. John's 
Church. It is a model of beautiful architecture, and 
even to-day is justly regarded as one of the finest 
churches in the Eastern States. Approachmg the city 
from the Penobscot River, you see this noble edifice in 
its massive proportions, conspicuous beyond all other 
buildings of the city. 

Rev. Father Bapst's ministry was attended with marked 
success. Regarded as a martyr for his Catholic princi- 
ples from his ill-treatment at the hands of the people of 
Ellsworth, he held the esteem and love of his people. 
Associated with him in this wide field of labor were some 
of the most eminent members of the present Fathers. 
Among others should be remembered Rev. James C. 
Moore, S. J., Rev. Eugene Vetromile, S. J., and A. F. 
Crampi, S. J., afterwards President of Holy Cross Col- 
lege, Worcester, Massachusetts. 

The administration of Rev. John Bapst closed in 
September, 1859. Rev. Henry Gillen succeeded him. 
Rev. Father Gillen established schools for girls. In 
1865 he erected the convent on Newbury street and in- 
troduced the Sisters of Mercy. After Rev. Father Gillen 
Rev. James Murphy was in charge for a short time. Rev. 
Eugene Vetromile next succeeded. In 1869 Rev. 
Clement Mutsaers was appointed pastor. During Rev. 
Father Mutsaers' pastorate the parish was divided, and 
the new parish was called St. Mary's. 

In May, 1874, Rev. Edward McSweeney was placed in 
charge of the parish, who continues to discharged the 
duties of the position. In the years of the panic Ban- 
gor suffered severely in its business and trade. When 
the prospect seemed the gloomiest for the city the pastor 
of St. John's purchased the beautiful Schwartz estate, 
situated on State street, and established the present 
Academy. It is one of the most conspicuous sites in the 
city, and well located for an institution of learning. A 
large and flourishing school is now the reward of what 
was regarded by some as a rather hazardous undertak- 
ing. 

It must be said of the Catholic people that they have 
been generous in supporting religious and educational in- j 
stitutions. In early days they underwent much petty 
persecution, but they have manfully adhered to the 
teachings of their religion. As to the virtues that adorn 



a well-regulated city, they will compare favorably with the 
people of other communities. 

At various times benevolent and temperance societies 
have been organized and have done much good among 
the people. 

The present pastor. Rev. Edward McSweeney, has com- 
menced the erection of a new parochial residence which 
will be an ornament to the place. 

ST. Mary's (ro.vian catholic) parish.* 

Prior to the spring of 1872 the only parish and Cath- 
olic church in Bangor was St. John's, on York street— 
(preceded by St. Michael's, on Court street.) In May of 
that year St. Mary's was set off from St. John's, with 
Rev. J. \V. Murphy as new pastor. His first task was to 
l^rovide a place of worship, and he engaged the City Hall, 
where services were held every Sunday for (length of 
time I do not know) more than a year, till the basement of 
the new church was finished and furnished with seats 
and temporary altar. Before the project of forming a 
new parish was proclaimed, a lot on Cedar street had 
been purchased by Rev. Clement Mutsaers, then pastor 
of St. John's— at a cost of $2,000. The ground had 
been used hitherto for a gravel pit. Subsequently two lots 
morewere purchased east of the site of the church at about 
the same price ($2,000 for both). The corner-stone of St. 
Mary's was laid by Rt. Rev. D. W. Bacon, Bishop of Port- 
land, in September, 1872. During these ceremonies a 
startling accident occurred, in the breaking down of the 
platform, upon which were many people. It fell but a 
short distance, however, and nobody was seriously hurt. 

The church was dedicated on the 8th of December, 
1874. Bishop Lynch, of Charleston, South Carolina, 
preached the sermon on the occasion. The church was 
built when building materials and labor were extremely 
costly, and cost in all, grounds included, about $65,000. 
Its present debt is $20,000. Rev. J. W. Murphy was 
transferred, in June, 1880, to the rectorship of the 
Cathedral in Portland, and was succeeded in St. Mary's 
by Rev. M. C. O'Brien, the present pastor. The territory 
or district embraced in the parish is Bangor west of the 
Kenduskeag, Hampden, East Hampden, Hermon, and 
Carmel — in each of which towns (especially Hampden 
and Carmel) there are some Catholic families, attended 
from St. Mary's. 

The Hibernian Mutual Benevolent society is composed 
of Catholic men of both parishes. St. Mary's Temper- 
ance society has not met for a year, though it had a 
numerous society in 1876. Nevertheless it can not be 
said that intemperance has increased; a much larger 
number than were ever organized into a society being 
pledged by the priest, privately or in presence of others, 
to total abstinence. 

THE catholic SCHOOLS.* 

The tourist in Maine will find much to attract him in 
the little city of Bangor, on the Penobscot, which in its 
more prosperous days gloried in the proud title of the 
"Queen City of the East." In a pleasant, secluded 

*From the memoranda of Rev. Father O'Brien, pastor. 
*Byone of the Sisters. 



732 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



spot on the river bank, almost hidden by trees, stands 
the original convent of St. Xavier's, a fine, commodious 
brick building, now used as the parochial school-house. 
In 1865 the Sisters of Mercy were introduced by Rev. 
H. Gillen, for the purpose of conducting the education 
of girls. The schools, which were opened immediately 
after their arrival, were filled to overflowing; an academy, 
attached to the convent, numbering 120 pupils, and the 
parochial schools averaging an attendance of three hun- 
dred. The evening school, for the benefit of adults, 
was also largely attended. To counteract the effects of 
profane literature on the minds of the young, a circula- 
ting library was commenced, and continues to be highly 
appreciated. Silently, but surely, it has done its work of 
instilling principles of truth and virtue into souls who 
would otherwise have drunk in the poisonous draught of 
immoral reading. 

In 1879 the Sisters removed to their beautiful and 
spacious convent on State street (purchased by Rev. 
Edward McSweeney), which affords superior advantages 
for a boarding-school and day academy. The loca- 
tion is unsurpassed for health and beauty, and offers 
every inducement for out-door e,\ercise, so necessary for 
the physical welfare of pupils. A mild, but firm govern- 
ment is maintained, based upon those Christian princi- 
ples which are the source of all true refinement, and 
which alone insure the happiness of the pupil in after 
life. Pupils of all religious denominations are equally 
received, and all interference with their religious convic- 
tions scrupulously avoided. 

FIRST (pine street) METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

This is the pioneer Methodist society in Bangor. 
There had been preaching by missionaries and visiting 
brethren of this faith and order at intervals here for 
nearly thirty years — at least ever since the sermons of 
Rev. Timothy Merritt in Bangor in 1799. Bangor was 
subsequently a charge or mission station in the Hampden 
Circuit; but not until the Bangor Circuit was formed in 
1827, was the present Pine Street Society organized. 
Its original church, however, was built on Summer street; 
but in 1837 this piimitive edifice was abandoned for the 
brick structure still occupied, with extensions and modi- 
fications in the course of the years, on Pine street, at the 
corner of Somerset. The roll of pastors of this church, 
under the itinerant system, has been a long one, and is 
honorable as it is long. Ten years after going to Pine 
street, the society suffered the loss of its members con- 
nected with the Summer Street Mission, who then formed 
a new church. Rev. N. G. Axtell is now (1S81) Pastor. 

UNION STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

This is the society that was an offshoot, as just before 
noted, of the Pine Street church. It was organized in 
1847, and was originally lyiown as the Summer Street 
church, having grown out of a mission of the parent 
church on that street, which had become known as the 
Summer Street Mission Society, holding preaching ser- 
vices in the old Methodist church there. While occupy- 
ing on Summer street the Rev. Messrs. H. M. Blake, 
John Atwell, C. D. Pillsbury, H. C. Tilton, and C. H. 



A. Johnson successively served the church. In 1854 
Summer street was abandoned for the present location 
at the corner of Union and Clinton streets, where a neat 
frame building was put up, partly under the pastorate of 
Rev. J. C. Prince. It was dedicated November 15, 1855, 
with sermon by the Rev. William F. Farrington. The 
entire cost of the edifice was $15,000, the ladies of the 
church furnishing the organ. A portion of its roll of 
pastors since is constituted of the Revs. J. P. French, 
William T. Jewell, William F. Farrington, B. F. Tefft, 
D. D., Benjamin Foster, T. B. Tupper, B. S. Arey, B. 
A. Chase, AV. W. Marsh, Cyrus Stone, and G. N. Eld- 
ridge, the present pastor (1881). 

UNIVERSALIST. 

This society in Bangor was organized about 1841, and 
so has lived through a generation. In 1844 a church 
building was erected for it, upon the same site, on Park 
street, near Centre, now occupied by the church. This 
building was used for more than eighteen years, or 
until the present edifice, begun in i860, was completed 
and ready for occupation. It was dedicated in Decem- 
ber, 1862. 

The first pastor of this church was the Rev. D. J. 
Mandell, who came to it in 1838 and served it about one 
year. Rev. L. L. .Saddler was the next pastor, begin- 
ning in January, 1840, and continuing about two years. 
For about the same period the society was without a 
pastor, when the Rev. H. R. Nye was settled, and re- 
mained until June, 1850. The pastors since have been 
Rev. Amory Battles, January 185 1 to March 1872 — by 
far the largest pastorate the church has had; Rev. S. 
Goodenough, November 1872; and Rev. W. H. Jewell, 
the pastor now in charge. 

OTHER CHURCHES. 

The early history of St. John's Episcopal church is 
given in several places in the later chapters of Judge 
Godfrey's Annals, and the origin of the Second Baptist 
is noticed above in this chapter. No additional informa- 
tion has been afforded in answer to our inquiries. 

The remaining religious societies of the place are the 
Christian and the Advent Christian churches. We re- 
gret that we have been unable to obtain any historical 
data whatever concerning them. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



733 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 

THE PUBLIC CHARITIES OF BANGOR. 

The Female Orphan Asylum — Its Establishment in 1839 — First Officers 
— The Original Society — Change to the Children's Home — Growth 
and Success of the Home — Its Plans and Policy — Who are the In- 
mates — Health of the Children — Sources of Income — Laying of the 
Comer Stone — .Address of Rev. George \V. Field— Subsequent His- 
tory of the Home — The Home for .Aged Women— Preliminary Steps 
for its Organization — The .Appeal — List of Donors— Charter — The 
Home Opened — Subsequent History — Officers — Inmates. 

The charitable institutions of this city, although not 
numerous, are of very excellent character, and eminently 
creditable to the intelligence and practical philanthropy 
of its people. Some historical facts concerning the City 
Farm or Almshouse — enough for the purposes of this 
work — are embraced in the preceding chapters. The 
oldest of the other charities is the Bangor Female Orphan 
Asylum, now 

THE children's HO.ME. 

The establishment of this asylum by act of Legisla- 
ture occurred in March, 1839. The corporation was 
made up of ladies who arranged for its support by each 
one pledging to it the sum of one dollar yearly. A consti- 
tution was adopted and laws framed, after which a Board 
of Managers, numbering fifteen ladies, were chosen, 
whose duty it should be to care for the institution and for- 
ward all plans for its growth as rapidly as their means 
would allow. 

The first officers chosen were: Mrs. ^Villiam D. Wil- 
liamson, President; Mrs. Judge Preston, Vice-President; 
Mrs. I'Vederick Hobbs, Secretary, and Miss Caroline 
Webster, Treasurer. The Managers were: Mrs. William 
B. Reed, Mrs. Samuel Farrar, Mrs. Nicholas G. Norcross, 
Mrs. Charles K. Miller, Mrs. Benjamin Plunimer, 
Jr., .Mrs. Amos Davis, Mrs. C. J. ^\'. Hayncs, Mrs. 
George W. Merrill, Mrs. E. B. Lincoln, Mrs. P. H. 
Coombs, Mrs. E. P. Baldwin, and Mrs. John Bradbury. 

This society had its beginning four years before in a 
sewing circle which was called "The Union Female Edu- 
cation Society." Its object, as given by its Correspond- 
ing Secretary, Mrs. Benjamin Plunimer, in a letter to 
Richard H. Vose, of Augusta, Maine, was "the elevation 
and amelioration of the condition of destitute and de- 
graded women in the city and vicinity." The same letter 
states that they were hoping for a time when they should 
have sufficient funds to found a charitable institution 
which should have for its object the education of the 
poor and ignorant and the reclaiming of fallen ones. 
There is a record first of a concert being given with this 
end in view, and Mrs. Lemon is mentioned as having 
sung "The Star of Bethlehem " with great feeling. Fol- 
lowing this, a lecture was given by Mr. Asa Walker, more 
recently of California, In March, 1S36, a fair which 
realized $1,200 was held at the Bangor House. This 
amount was placed at interest for the above-mentioned 
purpose. 

After the lapse of a few months, for various reasons, 
the object of the original association became somewhat 
modified, and instead of a place of reform for adults, it 
was thought best to turn attention to the care of female 
children. In time destitute children of both sexes were 



admitted, and the Orphan Asylum became the Children's 
Home 

From the Secretary's Report, dated August 30, 1868, 
and signed by Emma J. L. Duren, we glean the following 
statements : 

Thirty years having passed away, are the names of 
Mrs. Hobbs, Mrs. Bradbury, and Mrs. Merrill, still on the 
list of Managers, and many of the original members of 
the organization still actively engaged in its support. 

By the unremitting industry of the various members 
of the society, and the willing contributions of not a few 
of the citizens of Bangor, a sufficient sum was gathered 
together to purchase the house on Fourth street in which 
the family have since remained. 

The primary object being the instruction and sujiport 
of destitute female children, its care was principally de- 
voted to orphans. During 1839, the first year, there were 
nine such children in the family, under the care of Miss 
Lawrence, afterwards Mrs. Moses Wingate. Miss Fol- 
som succeeded Miss Lawrence, and not only filled the 
position of Matron, but taught the children as well, for 
the four and a half years that she remained, in a most 
faithful and efiicient manner, thus meriting and securing 
the commendations of the society for her unselfish devo- 
tion to her duties. This lady afterward left her charge 
to marry Deacon Skinner, of Brewer, and Mrs. Quimby 
had charge for six months. In the year 1844 Mrs. Nor- 
ton entered the place and was Matron for four years, and 
since her time the names of Miss Cutter, Miss Newcomb, 
Miss Quinn, Miss Stewart, Miss Nason, Mrs. Wing, Mrs. 
Kelton, Mrs. Smith, Miss Wasgatt, and Miss Webber 
are recorded as filling the position for longer or shorter 
spaces of time. Of these Matrons, .Mrs. Wing was at 
the post for the longest period, and was proverbial for 
her great neatness and industry. Two were married in 
the .Asylum, the Managers giving each a little parting at- 
tention in the shape of a wedding. Miss Cutter became 
the wife of Mr. Isaiah Cobden, and afterward a resident 
of Greene, this State. Miss Nason married Mr. Dil- 
lingham and removed to Hampden. Mrs. Wing became 
a resident of Newpoit, Maine. 

Previous to 1863 the size of the family had remained 
not far from its original, but it now became much in- 
creased and it was necessary to employ an assistant. 
While Miss L. J. Wasgatt and her sister had the care of 
the family, during 1865 and 1866, there were from twen- 
ty to twenty-seven children, which number continued up 
to 1868, the time of this report. During the stay of 
these sisters, the Misses Wasgatt, nothing was omitted in 
their efforts to bring the institution up to a high standard 
in morals and manners ; but there was not enough help 
to give the establishment proper care, and, since that 
date, under iMiss L. E. Webber as Matron, a cook and 
nursery girl have been in constant employ, and at a more 
recent date a seamstress has been found necessary. 
These aids, not exclusively devoted to their departments, 
are all under the direction of the Matron, and, with the 
assistance of the older children, carry on the household 
work, which was found to be extremely difficult fomerly, 
because of the wretched condition of the house. 



734 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Since the establishment of the Home, the object of 
the institution has been ever kept in view, and one hun- 
dred and eighty-one children have here found protection 
and loving care, for longer or shorter periods of time. 
First, there have been those wholly or in part orphans, 
who have been given to the Asylum. These, being en- 
tirely under the control of the Managers, have almost 
invariably been adopted into families, and every possible 
pains has been taken to secure for them the best of 
homes. The practice of binding them out for service 
was long ago given up, and recently there have been 
more applications for children for actual adoption than 
the institution can supply. Not a few of them have been 
restored, in time, to parents or relatives, when it was well 
ascertained that they had become able to undertake 
again their care and support. 

A second class of children coming under the direction 
of the Managers of the Asylum are such as have parents 
who cannot or will not care for them, or who have so ill- 
treated them as to render their escape from them a ne- 
cessity. To the last-named the Home has indeed been a 
haven of refuge. 

Eleven children of soldiers have been included in 
the family at different times, most of them orphaned 
durmg the late war. For them aid has been received 
from the Sanitary Fund for Soldiers' Orphans, through 
the aid of Mr. G. K. Jewett, and also State aid from a 
fund of which Mr. D. Brastow, of Brewer, is one of the 
trustees. 

Now and then we have had children boarding in the 
establishment. In such case the mother, by being re- 
lieved of the care of the child, finds it possible to do 
nearly all that is necessary for its support. It is thought 
best to encourage the parent, under such circumstances, 
in her efforts to retain the guardianship of her off-spring. 

A third class — and perhaps concerning these have 
come up the most perplexing questions — is made up of 
little girls whose board has long since ceased, and whose 
parents refuse to sign the pai)ers of adoption that shall 
forever give them into the hands of the society. The 
question is constantly before us. Shall these parents con- 
tinue to impose the care of their children upon us and 
yet refuse to give us full power for the guidance and dis- 
posal of the children, that can come alone by our be- 
coming the legal guardians of the same ? On the other 
hand, can we dismiss these helpless beings from this tem- 
porary home, if nothing more, with the certainty before 
us that only wretchedness and vice can be their lot ? 
This has many times been a puzzling problem. It has, 
however, been the unanimous policy of those in charge 
to keep the children under moral and religious influences 
as long as was in their power, thus hoping to form a habit 
of life and a preference for the pure and good that might 
in after times aid them when under temptation. And it 
has been a subject of the deepest gratitude that, so far 
as the subsequent lives of the inmates can be ascertained, 
they have not disappointed the hopes and expectations 
entertained for them. Some have yielded — almost nec- 
essarily, we might say — to hereditary tendencies, but 
many are leading useful and honorable lives. 



The officers of the institution have always tried to 
feed the children with plain but wholesome diet, to clothe 
them neatly, with regard to health and comfort, and to 
train them up to become helpful and self-governing. 
They were, at first, taught at the Home, but subsequently 
were sent to the city schools. The Hammond Street 
church and Sunday-school is the one they have most fre- 
quently attended, although the institution is in no way a 
denominational affair. All the religious societies, in fact, 
do their part in its support. 

Concerning the health of the children the Secretary 
says: 

The health of the family has been truly remarkable. For ten years 
not a death occurred, and the first was that of a child during the preva- 
lence of the cholera, who was admitted sick and, as it proved, already 
stricken with that fatal disease. Several other deaths occurred during 
the sickly season which followed ; and now, since i860, has been a 
period of uninterrupted health. Eight little bodies lie in a pleasant 
lot at Mount Hope; the row of simple headstones, each bearing a dif- 
ferent family name, often attracting attention, while a beautiful marble 
scroll lately erected in the center of the lot tells the touching story of 
"The Children's Home." 

This is the most precious property of the Asylum, and 
was earnestly longed and labored for by one of the man- 
agers. From the annual report of 1864, we quote the 
following paragraph in relation to the lot : 

The past summer the Mount Hope corporation very generously gave 
us a burial spot near the soldiers" lot. It has been graded, eight bodies 
removed, and stones set in granite erected. These expenses have been 
paid by different gentlemen of the city. This has been accomplished 
through the influence of one of the managers, Mrs. George W. Merrill, 
who has performed all the labor of collecting and attending to other 
business relating to it. 

For the constant support of the inmates, the most un- 
tiring energy and indomitable zeal have been brought into 
requisition. The most reliable source of income has 
been the yearly tax of $1.00 upon each member of the 
society. But this has seldom exceeded $300 a year, and 
of late the expenses have been not less than $1,500. 
Sometimes they have reached nearly to $2,000. After 
the Asylum had become established, one of the Board of 
Managers, Mrs. Jeremiah Curtis, collected $1,000, which 
was afterward increased to $1,150, and placed the amount 
at interest. Of course the interest was meagre, but even so 
small a sum, coming in regularly, was better than being 
dependent entirely on charity. From time to time the so- 
ciety has given concerts and tableaux, and there have been 
held fairs, festivals, etc., which have always been enough 
to cancel all immediate demands. A book, "Voices 
From the Kenduskeag," was published at one time in its 
interest, and life-memberships have been solicited, church 
collections taken up, and every possible method adopted 
by which there was any hope of gathering in funds or sup- 
plies for the children. And they have never suffered, 
though there have been times when every way had been 
employed, and finally, from some unexpected source, 
came the much needed supply. Upon Mrs. Curtis re- 
moving to New York she still remembered the Asylum, 
and a gift of $ioo has been received from her hand. 

The property of the corporation consists of the house 
and lot on Fourth street ; the lot at Mount Hope cem- 
etery ; the fund already mentioned, which, invested in 
United States bonds, has yielded about $90 yearly for the 





2='^<^^ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



735 



current expenses; and a very fine Wheeler & Wilson sew- 
ing machine, given by Mr. George Stetson, the only 
article possessing much value in the house. 

Of tlie active and efficient friends of the institution, 
several have been removed by death. In 1841, Mrs. 
Amos Davis ; in 1862, Mrs. S. F. Hersey, and in 1865, 
Mrs. John S. Kimball. The husbands of these ladies 
have always evinced a strong interest in its welfare, and 
have contributed nobly to its support. 

In the year 1861 the time of the annual meeting was 
permanently changed fiom May to the first Tuesday in 
January. 

Affixed to the Secretary's report we read the names of 
forty-five life members, beginning with two in 1839, and 
adding nineteen during 1868. (This number has since 
been increased to more than 250.) 

The ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the new 
Childrens' Home took place on Wednesday afternoon of 
the 2d of September. 1868. At the laying of the corner- 
stone a large assembly of people were present, and every- 
thing passed off as planned, in a most enjoyable and 
suitable way. The Knights Templars, to the number of 
forty-five, preceded by the Bangor Cornet Band, escorted 
the Blue Lodges of Masons to the location of the build- 
ing, on Thomas's Hill. On the ground a platform had 
been erected, upon which were seated the Matron and 
children of the Asylum, assistants. Board of Directors, 
speakers, etc. The exercises consisted of introductory 
remarks from General S. F. Hersey, president of the day; 
prayer by the Rev. .\mory Battles ; historical sketch of 
the institution by the Secretary, Mrs. E. L. Duren, read 
by Rev. S. P. Fay; a hymn, "The Children's Greeting," 
written by Mrs. S. B. Littlefield, and sung by the chil- 
dren; reading of the contents of the box deposited under 
the corner-stone; music by the band; laying the corner- 
stone by the Free Masons, under the direction of D. G. 
M. Samuel Bradford ; music again by the band ; singing 
by the choir of the Hammond Street church; address by 
Rev. George W. Field; remarks of Mr. C. P. Roberts, 
Superintendent of Public Schools, and the benediction 
by Rev. Dr. Pond. 

From the very excellent address of Rev. George VV. 
Field we quote, here and there, a few of his choice ex- 
pressions : 

The munificence of the noble wom.in and her husband who gave the 
first impulse to this movement, and the promptness with which the pub- 
lic responded to their generous proposition, and even went beyond it, 
may be taken as evidence tliat our people can be .is large-hearted, and 
I trust always mean to be as large-hearted, in their public works, as 
they have the credit of being free and even extravagant in their private 
expenditures. The compliment which an ancient writer conferred upon 
Rome, that its public buildings, its temples, and its palaces were 
spacious and magnificent beyond compare, while the private residences 
were cheap and unadorned, is a compliment which I should not care to 
have applied, in both of its parts, to our city, or to any other city in 
which I was interested. . . . And now the first purely 
charitable edifice of our city is about to be built in a style of which we 
shall have no occasion to be ashamed, and which shall serve as a hint 
to all succeeding hospitals and asylums of our city, that because they 
are charitable institutions they need not therefore be contracted or un- 
tasteful in their conditions. It is an excellent thing to have made a 
good beginning, to have established a good precedent. .'\nd we trust 
that this Children's Home, rising in goodly proportions on this conspic- 
uous site, may be a proof to all coming generations that the citizens of 



Bangor propose to carry the same large and open-handed spirit which 
has been characteristic of them in other relations, into their benevolence 
also. And for this we arc glad. . . . It is well that you 
should call upon the ministers of Christ to utter the name of their Mas- 
ter over this corner-stone, and to invoke his blessing upon the work here 
begun. This structure would not have been but for Mini. Such things 
never were before the time of Christ, and they are to be found now only 
where his religion has gone. In all ancient Greece and Italy, refined, 
polished, cultured as they were, in some classes beyond anything which 
modern society can rival, yet we cannot find traces of one single alms- 
house, or hospital, or asylum, or refuge of any sort for the sufiering 
poor of either sex or any age. Not one chiseled stone can be found on 
all those classical plains which speaks of an effort to relieve the suffer- 
ings and elevate the condition of the humble classes. Splendid ruins 
can be found, indeed, on every hantl, which the beholder never wearies 
of gazing upon, but none of them the ruins of buildings which were con. 
secrated to any benevolent purpose. . . It is a curious 

fact that in the city of Ephesus, where John wrote that sublime defini- 
tion, "God is Love," was founded the first hospital of which we have any 
knowledge. .An active benevolence was made the corner-stone of the 
new faith, and gradually developed itself into the numberless charities 
of Christendom. . , . Upon no class did Christ expend 
such synipalhy and affection as upon the little ones. 
.\nd so much did he honor the condition of childhood that he said; 
"Except ye become as little children, ye can in no wise enter into the 
kingdom of Heaven,"— that is, unless you unlearn your selfishness, 
your hard ambition, your earthly cunning, your envious rivalries and 
competition, and become loving and kind, simple and sincere as little 
children, who have no art and no selfishness, you cannot pass the thresh- 
old of the spritual life. ... I have been requested to 
express the grateful sentiment of this community towards the several 
parties whose labors and charities have been instrumental in bringing 
about the result of this day. ... In this circle of benevo- 
lent ladies we would especially designate as worthy of honor at this 
time, her whose name, Mrs. Joseph Kendall, has already been read in 
your hearing as the one who laid the foundation of this Orphan Asylum 
in the Sewing Circle, which she originated for the benefit of the poor in 
the very infancy of the city, and which her tact and perseverance gadu- 
ally converted into a society for the relief of orphans. 
Not least among the benefactors of the Asylum, it seems to me, is he 
who has bestowed upon it the beautiful lot where the building is about 
to be erected. . . . Thanks to Mr. James .Smith, Jr. , for 
his most desirable donation. But most of all do we owe honor and 
gratitude to the memory of her whose dying benevolence lies at the 
foundation of this whole monument. . . . We would pay 
also our tribute of sincere respect and gratitude to the husband of the 
deceased, her fitting companion and helper in all her plans of benefi- 
cence, and especially m the liberality which has brought about the re- 
sult which to-day we celebrate. . It is stated on the 
plate deposited under the corner-stone that this building is erected from 
funds placed by Mrs. Sarah Pitcher, daughter of Leonard and Martha 
L. March, in the hands of her husband, K. W. Pitcher, for religious and 
benevolent inirposcs. . . . Our prayer is that the number 
of such instances may be multiplied, and that the time may come when 
wealthy families, instead of being gratified by it, will find themselves 
dishonored to have their members die without leaving something gen- 
erous for "religious and benevolent purposes." One word more. It is 
not to be supposed that the deceased or her family would have bestowed 
so large a sum on this institution if it had not been for the expectation 
that the citizens of Bangor would put forth corresponding exertions to 
make the institution what it ought to be— a model institution. In ac- 
cepting the donation we tacitly pledge ourselves to this— we virtually 
promise that their expectations shall not be disappointed through any 
indifference or neglect of ours. , . . And if any motive 
still more tender were needed, you might find it in the thought that the 
dear God accepts what is done in a right spirit for these little ones as a 
personal favor, and will say at last, "Inasmuch as ye did it unto them, 
ye did it unto me." 

The new building was completed and occupied in Oc- 
tober, 1869. The next calendar year was begun with 
thirty-three inmates — twenty-seven girls, six boys. Twen- 
ty-seven more entered during the year; but the number 
of the household was maintained nearly uriform by the 
discharge of twenty-si.\. Twenty of the inmates were 
soldiers' orphans. The prevalence of this element at 



736 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



the Home during the years nfter the war brought it pres- 
ently, and very hopefully, under the paternal eye of the 
Commonwealth. In his message to the Legislature in 
July, 1874, Governor Dingley said: "The Bangor Chil- 
dren's Home is eminently deserving of the contributions 
of a generous people; and, so far as it cares for indigent 
orphans of soldiers, it should receive aid from the State." 
The year before it had an appropriation from the State 
Treasury of $1,000; in 1874, 1875, and 1876 the grant 
was $2,000; the next year it fell to the former sum; and 
in 1880 it was but $750. The Home has been the object 
of numerous other benefactions; among them, in 1874, 
$500 were received from the estate of the Hon. Henry 
E. Prentiss; in 1876 $1,000 under the will of the late 
Samuel Larrabee; $1,000 from General Samuel F. 
Hersey, besides a considerable sura to be paid under his 
will in future; and in 1880 $1,000 from the estate of 
Mrs. March. Many collections have been taken and 
entertainments given for its benefit during the years of 
its history; and there is a constant inflow of vegetables 
and other contributions in kind for its support. Several 
lots for burial purposes have been given by the Board of 
the Mt. Hope Cemetery corporation. At the last report, 
January 4, 1881, the Home had permanent funds as 
follow : Loan to the city of Bangor, $40,000; Bangor 
city bond, $1,000; Maine Central Railroad bond, $1,000; 
notes, $300; making a total of $42,300. The interest on 
the invested fund had realized $2,400 the previous year 
to the Home. 

Fifty-four children had been cared for in the Home 
during 1880, si.xteen of them soldiers' children; fourteen 
had been received during the year, and as many returned 
to parents or placed in situations; so that the number, 
forty, in the institution January i, 1880, was precisely 
dujilicated at the end of the year. From the organiza- 
tion of the Home to January i, 1S7S, 373 children were 
cared for therein. 

Mrs. Walter Brown was then President of the Home; 
Mrs. H. G. Pitcher, Vice-president; Miss Kate B. 
Walker, Treasurer; Miss Mary L. Patten, Secretary; Miss 
Julia A. Sibley, Matron. 

A school for the children was started in the Home on 
the 15th of July, 1870, by Miss Longfellow, from the 
Lancaster Industrial school, and has since been quite 
steadily maintained, under various teachers. The fore- 
noon is devoted to the common branches of study, and 
the afternoon to sewing, repairing garments, and sundry 
household duties. 

Steam for warming the building was introduced in 
1875, and the Holly water service the next year. 

HOME FOR .\GED WOMEN.* 

A paper, of which the following is a copy, was circu- 
lated in this city September 30, 1869, and was signed 
by forty-six ladies and fourteen gentlemen: 

The occasion of this Centennial .\nnivers.try of H.tngor's history is, 
in all respects, the fitting time to inaugurate measures for relieving the 
infirmities of age; and to this end the undersigned, with their asso- 
ciates, agree to organize a society in this city, and its object shall be to 
care for and relieve the wants, alleviate suffering, and make provision 

*Compiled from an historical sketch of the institution, accompanying 
ts first pamphlet report, published in 1881, 



for the comfort of destitute aged women, and further agree to be gov- 
erned by such rules and regulations as may be hereafter adopted. 

The subject continued to be agitated and to ripen in 
the public mind until the winter of 1872, when a pub- 
lished call for a meeting of those interested was made. 
It was held February i, 1872, when it was resolved that 
the time had come to establish such an institution, and 
that measures should be taken to secure it. The organ- 
ization was completed at another meeting, held in the 
City Hall March 4 next following. 

The following appeal was published soon after : 

The ladies who have in \'iew the founding of a Home for Aged Wo- 
men in our city, would now bring the subject before you, asking you 
patiently to hear and weigh the facts in the case. 

This is no sudden enterprise, but one which has been long desired 
by many, and which has been delayed until now only by the fear that 
the time was hardly ripe for its accomplishment. We have now de- 
cided to wait no longer. We reflect that time is short, and that what 
each of us does to lighten the burden of huinan woe, mu'st be done 
quickly. We remember that while wc, timid and irresolute, hesitate to 
take the first step, some helpless ones, whom this charity is designed to 
bless, are suffering; and we feel that timidity and irresolution must 
now be laid aside. 

There are aged women in liangor left without natural protectors and, 
in many cases, without resources. They have filled their places and 
acted well their part in the scenes of active life in limes long past; but 
the lapse of years has despoiled them of their vigor, death has robbed 
them of their friends, and the rushing, hurrying world lias left them 
behind. There remains to them only the memory of happier days, 
the ever-increasing infirmities of advanced life, and, saddest of all, a 
constant, wearing anxiety for the future, only made endurable by their 
trust in God. 

From such anxious, saddened hearts, the prayer is ascending: "Cast 
me not off in the time of old age; forsake me not when my strength 
faileth. Now also, when I am old and gray-headed, O God, forsake 
me not." 

We believe that God answers these prayers, in part, at least, by put- 
ting into the hearts of His children to plan and work for these help- 
less ones, and that the labor to which we pledge ourselves, and the 
charities which flow through this channel, are but the carrying out of 
His wise and beneficent purposes. It has been well said that he is a 
benefactor of his fellow-men who makes two blades of grass grow 
where only one had grown. How much more is he a benefactor who 
roots out from human hearts the poisonous weeds of foreboding and 
despondency, and makes to flourish and blossom in their place the 
sweet plants of hope and cheerfulness I In this noble work we ask you 
to take part. 

It is a fact, ]3roved beyond doubt, that generous action opens and en- 
larges the heart, and prepares it for still greater generosity. The ques- 
tion arises, "Is it necessary to go through a long, hard struggle before 
this Home can be placed on a sure basis?" We think not. If indi- 
viduals of means will feel an interest in the undertaking, and im- 
mediately and generously aid us, we can soon have our Home for Aged 
Women — a quiet haven, where they can enjoy the comforts of life, 
freedom from corroding care and an.xiety, the companionship of each 
other, and where we can go and be to their lonely hearts, so far as 
possible, sisters and daughters. 

And while we urge large giving on the part of men of means, we 
would have no man, woman, or child withhold a contribution because 
it must be small. Happily, the requirement is that a man give "ac- 
cording to that he hath, and not according to that he hath not." 

Dear friends, our plea is before you, and in a few days we shall visit 
you individually, to receive what you see fit to bestow. We come to 
you, not with dread, lest we should be looked upon as unwelcome and 
disagreeable intruders, to whom a pittance must be given in order to be 
free from their presence, but we come cheerfully, hopefully, feeling sure 
that you will meet us in the same spirit in which we come, and that you 
will give us your cordial sympathy and co-operation. 

Mrs. J-i^mes McLaughlin, 
Mrs. Samuel F. Hersev, 
Mrs. George W. Pickering, 
Mrs. J. B. Foster, 
Mrs. Walter Brown, 
Mrs. Isaac S. Whitman. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



737 



The institution was incorporated at the Legislative 
session of 1872, with the following charter: 

Be it enacted by the Seihitc and House of Representatives in Legislature 
assembled, as follows : 

Section i. J. S. Wlieehvright, Waller Brown. G. W. Merrill, A. 
W. Paine, I. S. Whitman, I. R. Clark, S. P. Strickland, Sarah Q. 
Brown. Almira McLaughlin, Sophia A. Whitman, Patience C. Plimi- 
mer, Margaret B. Helton, Ruth W. Strickland, M.ary L. Patten, Adri- 
anna M. V. Merrill, Nancy Wyman, Mary Pickering, Ehza A. Staples, 
Mary Phillips, Fanny W. Ingalls, Ehza H. Fifield, and their associates 
and successors, are hereby incorporated by the name of the Home for 
Aged Women, for the purpose of providing a home for aged women at 
Bangor. 

Section 2. The said corporation may take by purchase, devise, or 
otherwise, any real or personal property, and hold the same for the pur- 
poses aforesaid, to any amount not exceeding one hundred thousand 
dollars, exempt from taxation, and may manage and dispose of the 
same according to their discretion. 

Section 3. Said corporation shall have power to prescribe the 
terms of admission for members, may elect such officers as they may j 
deem necessary, and adopt such by-laws as shall be necessary or expe- 
dient for the management of its affairs, not repugnant to the conslitu- 
tion or laws of this State or of the United States. 

Section 4. The four corporators first above named are authorized 
to call the first meeting of the corporation, at such place within the City 
of Bangor as they may choose, giving seven days' notice at least of 
said meeting, by publication in the Bangor Daily Whig and Courier. 

Section 5. This act shall take effect when approved. [ 

Appoved February i6, 1872. 

The ne.xt year the corporation voted to raise the sum 
of $25,000, to be deposited with the city of Bangor as a 
perpetual trust fund, interest payable semi-annually, in 
order to secure the permanency of the institution. This 
sum was subsequently obtained and paid, and the City 
Council by a resolve passed in 1875, voted to receive the 
same into the city treasury as a permanent loan, paying , 
an annual interest thereon of $1,500. 

The following subscriptions and donations were re- 
ceived then and subsequently : 

Woman's Friend Society, $2,163.52; Henry E. Pren- 
tiss, $1,500; Franklin Muzzy, $1,000; Samuel F. Hersey, 
$1,000; Samuel Larrabec, $1,000; George Stetson, 
$500; IsaiahStetson, $500; Walter Brown, $500; Moses 
Giddings, $500; William H. McCrillis, $500; A. D. 
Manson, $500; Isaac S. Whitman, $500; James Mc- 
Laughlin, $300; Joseph S. Smith, $100, Frank Hinck- 
ley, $100; Samuel P. Strickland, $100; Hastings Strick- 
land, $ioo; Henry A. Wood, $100; F. A. Wilson, $ioo; 
Mrs. Mary A. Bullock, $250; Mrs. Leonard March, 
$100; Joseph S. Wheelwright, $250; J. G. Clark, $250; 
T. W. Baldwin, $250; J. B. Fo.ster, $250; Hannibal 
Hamlin, $250; David Bugbee, $250; Mrs. Mary A. 
Hinckley, $200; Mrs. Mary Ham, $200; George L. 
Phillips, $200; M. L. Drummond, $100; William B. 
Hayford, $100; Arad Thompson, $100; I. S. Johnson, 
$100; James S. Rowe, $100; Charles Hayward, $100; 
Albert Emerson, $100; E. S. Coe, $100; Hugh Ross, 
$100; G. W. Merrill, $100; A Friend, $100; Mrs. R. 
W. Strickland, $500; Mrs. Noah Woods $r, 000; Mrs. 
A. R. Cutting, $1,000. 

In addition to the above the corporation has been 
greatly aided by annual subscriptions, life members' sub- 
scriptions, bequests, the sewing circle, fairs, exhibitions, 
and small donations, and was thereby enabled to com- 
plete the Trust Fund of $25,000. Hon. Samuel F. 
Hersey left the Home by will $5,000, payable in 1890. 
93 



By the commutation of this legacy the corporation has 
been helped to pay the balance due for the homestead 
and to accumulate a sustaining fund, so that the Home 
may well now be considered a ])ermanent institution. 
Five hundred dollars were also left to the Home by Mrs. 
Ruth \V. Strickland, a former member of the Board of 
Managers. 

The Home was opened for inmates July 20, 1874, in 
a leased house on the corner of Essex and Garland 
streets. In October, 1876, the corporation purchased 
the present commodious residence. No. 145 State street. 
This Home was dedicated with appropriate religious ser- 
vices on the 16th of October, 1876. An addition ot ten 
new sleeping and other rooms were made in the summer 
ot 1880. Apparatus for steam-heating was introduced 
about the same time. 

In 1876 a gift to the Home was made by the trustees 
of Mt. Hope Cemetery Car|)oration of a valuable and 
large burial lot. The remains of two beneficiaries of 
the Home are therein deposited, with appropriate head- 
stones above them. 

The principal officers in the original Board of Mana- 
gers were as follow: Joseph S. Wheelwright, President ; 
Mrs. James McLaughlin and Mrs. John B. Foster, Vice- 
Presidents; Mrs. Elbridge C. Hincks, Treasurer; Miss 
Mary F. Prentiss, Secretary. 

Mr. Wheelwright is still President of the Home, and 
has been of eminent service in its foundation and main- 
tenance. The Vice-Presidents are Mrs. Almira McLaugh- 
lin and Mrs. Caroline R. Mason; Secretary, Mrs. Francis 
H. Noble; Treasurer, Isaac S. Whitman. Miss Sarah 
E. Patten is Matron. 

There have been in all sixty life members, upon pay- 
ment of $25 each. Of these, fourteen are dead. The 
receipts of 1880 were $6,742.98; expenditures, $6,032.72. 

At the time of the publication of this report, in the 
late autumn of 18S1, the Home had fifteen inmates. 
The names of these, and of two others deceased, are as 
follow: Entered in i874--Miss Mary A. Giddings, age 
55; Mrs. Sarah Atkins, 66; Mrs. Eliza B. Merrill, 81; 
Miss Julia A. Orcutt, 58 (died August 16, 1877); Miss 
Nancy C. Blagdon, 75 (died November 15, 1876). En- 
tered in 1875— Mrs. Lavinia Pierce, 79; Miss Mary A. 
Freeman, 66; Mrs. Philinda B. Breed, 74. Entered in 
1876— Mrs. Elizabeth Skinner, 70; Miss Augusta Mes- 
senger, 73; Miss Charlotte A. (^allison, 54. Entered in 
1877 — Mrs. Betsey Partridge, 69; Mrs. Nancy Pomroy, 
77. Entered in 1880 -Mrs Harriet A. Billings, 57; 
Mrs. Mary T. Trueworthy, 83. Entered in 1881— Miss 
Mary C. Pearson, 55; Mr.s. Abbic E. Smith, 60. 



738 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 



ASSOCIATIONS AND CLUBS. 



The Bangor Young Men's Bible Society — The Young Men's Christian 
Association — The Mechanics' Association — Their Library — Mercan- 
tile Association — Women's Christian Temperance Union — Women's 
Christian Temperance Crusade — Bangor Reform Club^— .B .H Beale 
Post No. 12, Grand Army of the RepubUc — Historical Society — Board 
of Trade — Board of Underwriters — Fuel Society — Society for the Pre- 
vention of Cruelty to Animals — Sundry Associations and Secret 
Orders. 

BANGOR YOUNG MEN's BIBLE SOCIETY.'* 

The predecessor of this association was the Pe- 
nobscot County Bible Society. This, an auxihary 
of the .'American Bible Society, was the first in the county 
for circulating the Bible. It was inaugurated in Mav, 
1828. Joseph Lee, of Milo, was President; Rev. S. L. 
Pomroy, Bangor, Corresponding Secretary ; Romulus 
Haskins, Bangor, Recording Secretary ; George W. 
Brown, Bangor, Treasurer. Rev. Dr. Proudfoot, of 
Salem, New Hampshire, was General Agent of the parent 
society. Local agents were employed "to visit I he va- 
rious townships of the county, and to ascertain by faithful 
enquiry how many families were destitute of Bibles." A 
donation of Bibles was granted by the parent society for 
newly settled places. In 1832-33 auxiliaries had been 
formed in most of the townships. .A.n agent had visited 
all parts of the county to form local associations, and to 
prepare the way for a general supply of Bibles and Testa- 
ments. He occupied 114 days, traveling 2,850 miles, 
and formed fifty small societies. Bibles and Testaments 
were supplied to each of these. During the short period 
of its active service it forwarded to the American Bible 
Society $2,000 for books and $100 donations. Revs. 
Joseph Lane, Sylvester Holmes, and Mr. Bacon were 
General Agents of the parent society, and occasionally 
visited the county. 

The County Bible Society having for several years 
ceased to act, it was proposed that the young men of 
Bangor should unite and enter upon the work anew. 
Accordingly a meeting was held October 23, 1843, in the 
vestry of the Methodist Chapel. Colonel Henry Little 
was appointed Chairman, William Sandford Secretary. 
Prayer was offered by Rev. John Maltby. The agent of 
the American Bible Society, Rev. Joseph Lane, was 
present and explained the need of some active organi- 
zation. It was voted to organize as the Bangor Young 
Men's Bible Society. A committee was appointed to 
draft a constitution — Asa Walker, Esq., William H. Dow, 
and Nathaniel French. A committee also to nominate 
officers — Revs. Maltby and Pomroy (Congregational), 
Hobart (Methodist), Caverno (Free Baptist), and West 
(Episcopal). Each of these committees to report at an 
adjourned meeting. 

November 3, 1843. Met according to adjournment, 
in the vestry of the First Congregational Church, at which 
a constitution was ado]jted and the following officers 
were chosen : Charles Godfrey, Jr., President; Isaac A. 
Hatch, Vice-President; Asa Walker, Secretary; William 
H. Dow, Treasurer; E. F. Duren, Depositary. 

* By Deacon E. F. Duren. 



The Presidents of the society during the thirty-eight 
years of its existence have been : Charles Godfrey, Jr., 
6 years; J. A. Hatch, 3; J. Burbank, 2; F. M. Sabine, 2; 
J. Conant, 2; E. H. Fogg, 3; W. P. Wingate, 2; A. S. 
Weed, 2; T. A. Seavey, 2; S. D. Thurston, 2; G. A. 
Thatcher, J. Fenno, J. F. Kimball, each i; G. R. Smith, 
9, and now in office. 

Secretaries — Asa Walker, 7 years; O. R. Patch, 3; W. 
Sandford, 2; J. T. K. Hayward, i; A. S. Weed, 2; F. F. 
French, i; E. H. Fogg, i; R. S. Morrison, i; F. E. 
Shaw, 2; J. L. Crosby, 2; N. L. Perkins, 2; W. E. Mann, 
i; J. F. Kimball, 2 ; J. H. Hayes, 2; J. W. Torrens, 9. 

Treasurers — William H. Dow, 3 years; J. S. Wheel- 
wright, 4; E. F Duren, 17; W. G. Duren, 5; F. M. 
Sabine, 8, and now in office. 

Depositaries — E. F. Duren, 34 years ; W. Lewis, J. 
N. Davis, and E. D. Godfrey, each i; T. K. Smith, i, 
now in office. 

The object of this society is, first, to supply every des- 
titute family in this county and Aroosook county with a 
copy of the Holy Bible, without note or comment, and 
to afford facilities for the people to supply themselves 
by purchase ; and secondly, the transmission of its surplus 
funds to the parent society at New York, to aid in dis- 
tributing the Word of Life to the destitute throughout 
our own and foreign lands. 

The churches in these counties are invited to become 
branches of this society, sharing its privileges and labors ; 
and where there is no organized church the ofificers of 
each town and plantation are desired to correspond an- 
nually, at least, with this society, that all may be sup- 
plied with the Holy Scriptures. 

Various and appropriate means, all more or less 
successful, have at different times been employed to 
secure the object of this society. Local depositaries 
have been established at convenient and central points; 
Bibles and Testaments have been placed in responsible 
hands for distribution ; colporteurs have been employed ; 
Bible distributers have been commissioned; the cooper- 
ation of clergymen and others has been solicited ; and 
explorations of territory within our limits have been made 
as frequently as possible and to the greatest practicable 
extent. 

Circulars have from time to time been sent to the 
churches — particularly in 1851 and 1861 — suggesting 
the appointment of a committee to enquire into the 
wants of the destitute, to ascertain when an exploration 
was best made and with what results, collect funds 
from such as are willing to contribute, and report to the 
committee of this society. 

Bangor was the first place canvassed by the Society, 
which was undertaken by its officers m 1844, soon after 
its organization. In 1846 the hotel steamers and public 
buildings were more fully supplied; in 1850 and 1862 
the city was supplied by colporteurs. Deacon Stephen 
Smith, of Garland, was a very acceptable and efficient col- 
porteur in different towns of the county, serving for a 
longer period than any other, beteen 1S54 and 1864. 
Messrs. Chamberlin, Tenney, Richards, Ricker, Emerson, 
Douglass, Hobbs, Keeps, Tarbox, Rea, Torrens, Mans- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



739 



field, and Rogers have also been employed by the So- 
ciety at different times. Efficient aid has been rendered 
by the .agents of the parent society — Revs. J. Lane, J. 
Young, D. Sewall, J. E.Soule, R. Woodhull, S. H. Merrill, 
Thomas Smith, C. C. Cone, and W. H. Gilbert. 

The hotels between Bangor and Houlton have been 
supplied with the Scriptures, also the lumber camps 
from time to time. In 1S45-46 it was estimated that 
four thousand lumbermen were probably without a copy, 
and the American Bible Society made a grant of fifteen 
hundred Bibles, which were committed to this society for 
distribution. A gentleman of Bangor voluntarily sup- 
plied twenty camps. A Bible society organized in Aroos- 
took county during its active existence supplied a por- 
tion of the field which had been under the care of this 
society. 

Seamen and vessels have been supplied, also asylums, 
jails, poor-houses, Sunday- and common schools. In 
1 86 1 all the soldiers enlisted for the war from this county 
and Aroostook were supplied with a Bible, Testament, 
or Testament and Psalms. They were presented by 
different clergymen of the city to the several companies, 
and were gladly received. Two of the books came back 
bearing the indentation of the bullet, which providen- 
tially prevented its piercing the life of the soldier, and 
to many it was a lamp to their feet and a light to their 
path. To all calls for the Bible this society has ever 
been ready to respond. 

Eighty-six thousand copies of the Scriptures have been 
circulated by this society, of which twenty-three thou- 
sand were donated. 

The amount paid by this society to the parent society 
for Bibles and Testaments from 1843 'o 1881 is $16,120; 
donations $1,000. .\mount of Bibles and Testaments 
donated by this society $3,147; contributions received to 
prosecute the work of the society $8,900. Expenditures 
$2,410. 

At the anniversaries of the society the rejjort of the 
secretary has presented the work of the year, and ad- 
dresses have been made by the pastors and others of the 
city and vicinity. At five of them there has been one 
written discourse. At the otliers, three or more short 
addresses. At each there have been appropriate devo- 
tional exercises by ministers of different denominations, 
and music by the choirs. 

vouNG men's christian .\ssoci.\tion. 

Several tentative efforts were made in the city, during 
a number of years, to found a branch of the Young 
Men's Christian Association, but without definite result 
until December 21, 1880, when a meeting of those inter- 
ested was held in Concert Hall. Mr. I'ierre McConville 
was in the chair, and Henry F. Thurston was Secretary. 
Remarks were made by Messrs. Main M. Preble, Rand, 
Lincoln, Weatherbee, and others, and the meeting ad- 
journed to meet on the 30th of December. The second 
assembly was had in the vestry of the Third Congrega- 
tional church, with about twenty- two persons present. 
Prayer was offered by the Rev. Mr. Field, remarks 
were made by a number of gentlemen, and a committee. 



consisting of Messrs. Rand, Eldridge, and Swenson, was 
appointed to draft a constitution. This committee re- 
ported at a meeting held the second evening thereafter, 
New Year's evening, 1881; and the report, after some 
discussion and amendment, was adopted. 

The constitution, as now in force, provides for active, 
associate, sustaining, and honorary members — the first 
comprising evangelical church-members, or persons 
giving evidence of sound conversion. They pay $2 per 
year, and only these are allowed to vote and hold office. 
The second class includes men of good moral standing; 
the third, those who will aid the work by payment of a 
stipulated sum ($5) yearly; and the fourth, those who 
pay a certain sum ($20) as life members. The officers 
are a President, seven \'ice-Presidents, a Recording Sec- 
retary, a Corresponding Secretary, and a Treasurer, who 
together constitute an Executive Committee. These of- 
ficeis are to be chosen, so far as practicable, from the 
several evangelical churches in the city. The Finance 
Committee is formed of the Executive Committee, with 
one member from each evangelical church. The officers 
are elected annually by ballot. Five members make a 
quorum of the committee, and nine a quorum of the as- 
sociation. "No member shall neglect the work of the 
.Association, or the duties assigned him, without giving a 
seasonable and reasonable excuse to the society, to be by 
him approved and reported at the next business meet- 
ing." " .\ny name may be struck from the roll of mem- 
bership for continued neglect of duty or proven immo- 
rality, by a majority vote in regular business meeting;" and 
" no person shall be honorably discharged from the as- 
sociation without giving reasons which shall be approved 
at a regular business meeting." The annual meeting is 
held upon the first Saturday of January. All meetings 
are to be opened and closed with i)rayer. One thousand 
five hundred copies of the constitution have been printed. 

The association, according to the roll of members at this 
writing, consists of Messrs. P. McConville, Adelbert P. 
Chick, VV. Rand, Alfred Winn, \V. L. Miller, W. B. Dole, 
A. W. Main, Edwin Granger, Edgar L. Brown, Alf Swen- 
son, Henry Vance, Henry B. Dunbar, Everett S. Baker, 
John K. Lincoln, Charles S. Pearl, A. T. Stetson, R. A. 
Jordan, W. J. Weatherbee, F. D. Lincoln, I. M. Case, 
F. A. Curtis, Frank L. Goodwin, James Purr, Frank A. 
Smith, Edward C. Frost, William S. Boyd, John W. 
Todd, S. Lewis B. Speare, George W. E. Barrows, H. 
H. Rich, Charles A. Barbour, John F. Kimball, J. Albert 
Dole, C. A. Avcrill, M. G. Prentiss, Thomas A. Hieskell, 
Lawrence T. Smyth, H. A. Williams, J. M. Frost, \Vil- 
liam H. Perkins, S. S. Greenyer, R. F. Morgan, (ieorge 
.S. Hall, Edwin C. Brown, Harold W. Springer, W. L. 
Crosby, John F. Stevens, Otis Gilmore, John A. Pond, 
A. C. Sawyer, J. M.Dickey, Arthur L. Hopkins, Fred L. 
Beverly, James L. Heywood, N. Wilmot Littlefield, 
James B. Barnaby — fifty-six members, all told. 

The officers of the Association elected at the first 
meeting were: Pierre McConville, President; F. A. 
Curtis, W. J. Weatherbee, W. Rand, J. A. Boardman, 
Vice-Presidents. Subsequently, when the number of 
Vice-Presidents was enlarged, .Messrs. Charles A. Barbour, 



740 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



J. A. Dole, and I. M. Case were elected additional Vice- 
Presidents; Mr. E. C. Frost was also made a Vice-Presi- 
dent, in place of Mr. Curtis, resigned. A. T. Stetson, 
Secretary; Mr. Alfred Winn was afterwards chosen Sec- 
retary, on the resignation of Mr. Stetson, who was elected 
Corresponding Secretary when that office was created. 
Henry Dunbar, Treasurer. 

The "Grangers' Hall," on Kenduskeag Bridge, was 
presently secured for the uses of the Association. The 
"Grand Army Hall" was afterwards rented, and is now 
occupied by the society. It has been neatly fitted up, 
largely with articles purchased from the B. H. Beale 
Post No. 12, of the Clrand Array of the Republic, and 
supplied with all necessary conveniences. As soon as a 
hall was secured, the association began to hold Saturday 
evening prayer-meetings. A public Gospel and praise 
meeting is now held on Tuesday evening of each week; 
a social, religious, and business meeting of the associa- 
tion on Friday evening, and an "open-air Gospel meet- 
ing" is held under the auspices of the association, in 
good weather, on the slate wharf at the foot of Broad 
street, every Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock. The first 
public meeting was held at the hall on the evening of 
Tuesday, March 22, 1881, and was very well attended. 
The first open-air meeting was held in Park Square, 
Sunday afternoon. May 15, with a half-hour prayer-meet- 
ing previously in the hall. A valued member was lost 
May 25, in the person of Mr. John F. Kimball, for whose 
memory some cordial and appreciative resolutions were 
passed by the association on the 27th. 

THE mechanics' ASSOCL/^TION. 

The early history of this, the most notable, and un- 
doubtedly most useful society, not distinctively religious, 
in the city of Bangor, is well detailed by Judge Godfrey, 
at intervals in the preceding chapters. The story of its 
organization and earlier years need not here be repeated. 
It will be remembered that it dates by incorporation 
from February 12, 1828; its organization was completed 
April 15, 1828. The same year its constitution and 
by-laws, with a list of early members, were printed in a 
rude little pamphlet by "Burton & Carter, printers, Ban- 
gor." The preamble says: 

The mechanic powers, combined in their operation, have been gen- 
erally admitted as the source of all those inventions and arts whicli 
have given to society its wealth, conveniency, respectability and de- 
fence: — Societies having for their object the promotion of these powers, 
and the amelioration of the distresses of the unfortunate, cannot fail 
to e.xert a salutary influence upon the community. 

To effect these desirable ends, the present associates agree to be 
governed as a society by the following Rules and Regulations; 

A good preamble, truly. The name of the society 
was then, as Judge Godfrey correctly puts it, the Bangor 
Mechanic Association. The roll of membership of 1828, 
with statement of occupations, can hardly fail to be of 
interest now: 

James Tilton, tanner; John Williams, saddler; Ed- 
ward Sargent, house-wright ; Zebulon Smith, watch- 
maker ; Jacob Garland, cooper ; Henry Call, copper- 
smith ; Stephen Giddings, mason ; Nathan B. Wiggin, 
John Sargent, house-wrights ; David Meryman, mill- 
wright ; Samuel Moore, hatter ; Preston Jones, Edmund 



Dole, cabinet-makers ; Bradford Harlow, pump- and 
block-maker; James Burton, Jr., printer; Amaziah S. 
Moore, painter; Benjamin G. Campbell, tin-plate worker; 
Preserved B. Mills, tinner; Horatio Beale, painter; 
Stephen Oilman, cabinet-maker and carver ; Edward H. 
Bayley, turner; Nathaniel Lincoln, carpenter; John S. 
Sayward, saddler ; John Reynolds, tailor ; William Em- 
erson, cordwainer ; William Seward, house-wright ; Na- 
thaniel Pierce, joiner ; Ezra S. Brewster, printer; Reuben 
Bayley, Salmon Niles, house-wrights ; Calvin Osgood, 
joiner; Andrew Maxfield, mason; William Robinson, 
house-wright ; Gardner Brooks, chair-maker and painter; 
John Brown, house-wright ; Joseph N. Downe, house- 
wright ; Samuel Fellows, Samuel Eastman, David Mc- 
Dougal, blacksmiths; A. A. Dillingham, baker; Thomas 
Hancock, wheelwright; Gilman Merrill, John S. Carter, 
painters ; Allen Clark, clothier ; Isaac Hodsdon, Rob- 
ert W. Yallalee, blacksmiths ; Benjamin Richards, house- 
wright ; De.xter E. Wadleigh, mason ; Michael Sargent, 
Leonard L. Morse, Asa Davis, house-wrights; Gilbert 
Wallace, cooper; Isaac Bayley, blacksmith; George W. 
Maxim, house-wright; Joseph Wing, hatter; Cyrus 
Brown, house-wright ; David Hill, cabinet-maker. Ed- 
ward Sargent, James Tilton, John Williams, and Henry jj. 
Call, with their associates, were designated as incorpora- M 
tors in the act of incorporation. 

The original organization does not seem to have con- 
templated the formation of a library, except as "books as 
connected with mechanics" might be presented to it ; or 
of a museum, except as "models of machines of new in- 
ventions" or drawings of machines which might also be 
given. All "shall be in the care of the secretary, sub- 
ject to the direction of the Government [the Board of 
officers] and the inspection of the members." Near the 
close of 1829, however, the matter of a library came into 
agitation, and a committee appointed to consider the 
disposition of sur|)lus funds, reported that an amount not 
exceeding $65 might well be expended for books and 
$15 for periodicals. Tiie report was adopted. Gregory's 
Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, in three volumes, and 
three more of the old Encyclopedia Americana, with the 
accompanying book of plates, were accordingly bought ; 
and subscriptions were made to the Library of Useful 
Knowledge and Silliman's Journal of Arts and Sciences. 
The seven books named formed the nucleus of the present 
fine collection. It was little suspected then what a 
superb local institution might in half a century grow out 
of this modest initial effort. 

Among the curious objects presented to the associa- 
tion was the old printing press, formerly owned by the 
printer Peter Edes, and the first brought into the Penob- 
scot Valley. It was purchased by a number of members 
of the society, and accepted at a meeting April 13, 1843. 
This venerable and interesting relic of old-time "black 
art" is now deposited in the chapel of the Bangor Theo- 
logical Seminary. 

A revision of the constitution and bylaws was adopted 
April 12, 1839, Article VII. of which says decisively that 
"the association shall collect and establish a library, 
museum of curiosities, and a cabinet of minerals, for the 







-c 



i 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



741 



use and benefit of the members, their apprentices and 
famiUes ; which . . shall be enlarged and im- 
proved •from time to time, as the state of the funds will 
admit." 

The new constitution was inihlished to the world in 
1839, and again in 1852, when a list of members was 
appended. There were now remaining in the society 
nine members of 1828, one of 1830, five of 1831, four 
of 1832, ten of 1833, fourteen of 1834, three of 1835, 
three of 1836, four of 1838, seven of 1839, seven of 
1S40, eleven of 1841, si.\ of 1S42, six of 1843, seven of 
1844, ten of 1845, nineteen of 1846, four of 1847, seven 
of 1848, five of 1S49, eighteen of 1850, eighteen of 185 i, 
and two of 1852; — one hundred and seventy-nine in all. 

Before i860 the association had accumulated a fund 
of $600 and a library of several thousand volumes, with 
an attractive though not large museum. The mon'ey 
was lost mainly in an effort to give the local public a 
course of first-class lectures: but the library was kept to- 
gether pretty well, and was well used. The average 
number per year, during the decade 1856-66, of books 
taken out by members and their families, was 2,072 — in 
one year 2,585, and m another, the smallest, 1,337. 
The library has since greatly increased, especially by the 
addition from the Mercantile Library* in 1874; and now 
contains about 16,800 volumes. Of these more than ' 
fourteen thousand are in circulation ; the rest are reference 
books. 

For many years the association exerted a marked and 
beneficial influence in the city. The school system, 
especially, owes much to it. Durmg the last fifteen years 
the work of the society has greatly changed. Instead of 
meetings for discussion and mutual improvement, it now 
devotes its energies solely to the maintenance of the 
library. The trust fund for Us support amounts to 
$12,000, the interest of which goes to the repair and 
purchase of books. 

In the latter part of 1866 it was voted to open a sub- 
scription for a trust fund for the benefit of the library. 
This was done, and with eminent success. Franklin 
Muzzy and Thomas N. Egery headed it with $1,000 
each; Willard Cutter and nine others gave $200 apiece; 
thirteen $100 subscriptions were made; and smaller sums 
were added to the total amount of $6,535. In May fol- 
lowing the City Council accepted the subscription as a 
trust for the association, and the amount collected ($6,- 
468.65) was invested in the securities of the United 
States. Upon the death of Mr. Muzzy in 1873 $4,000 
were added to the fund under his will — which, with other 
sums, makes up the present trust of $12,000, held for 
the benefit of the library. Mr. Muzzy was mainly in- 
strumental in raising the original subscriptian, and much 
of the success of the library is considered due to his ex- 
ertions. 

The early meetings of the association were held in 
Cram's Hall, on West Market Scjuare. December 19, 
1828, it was voted to remove to the hall of the Baptist 
meeting-house, where the association remained until 
April, 1S34, when the "Mechanics' Lecture-room" in the 
third story of the Mercantile Block, Mercantile Square, 



was obtained and fitted up. In October, 1856, the first 
meetings were held in the new hall of the association in 
(iranite Block, East Market Square. Upon the transfer 
of the Mercantile Library collection, the final removal 
was made to the present spacious quarters in the Ken- 
duskeag Block, at the end of Kenduskeag Bridge, which 
had formerly been occujiicd by the Mercantile Associa- 
tion. The library had generally been kept in the hall of 
the Mechanics', except while in Mr. Sayward's shop. 
The old-time courteous and accommodating Librarian, 
Mr. Daniel Holman, one of the members of 1846, is 
still in charge. .-Xny resident of Bangor, whether a mem- 
ber or not, may draw books from the library, on payment 
of $2 per year; and non-residents may also take books, 
at $4 a year, or may make more temporary arrangements. 
Any person may consult the library in the room, and 
such has always been the rule. The pages of this His- 
tory owe much to the liberality of this arrangement, and 
the kindness of the Librarian and his assistant. This 
library is a most beneficent [)ublic institution. 

The following-named gentlemen have served as Presi- 
dents of the association: James Tilton, 1828-30; John 
Williams, 1831-32; Henry Call, 1833-34; John Brown, 
1835; Franklin Muzzy, 1836; J. S. Sayward, 1837; Sam- 
uel Ramsdell, 1838; A. R. Hallowell, 1839; P. B. Mills, 
1840; James R. Macomber, 1841; N. B. Wiggin, 1842; 
O. S. Beale, 1843; William S. Mitchell, 1844; E. T. Fox, 
1845; A. Leighton, 1846; William H. Perry, 1847; 
J. M. Lander, 1848; P. B. Rider, 1849; Rufus 
Prince, 1850; William Hall, 1851: J. Fogg, 1852; Ed- 
ward Wiggin, 1853; T. H. Morse, 1854-55; J. W. 
Strange, 1856-57; Isaac Small, 1858-59; A. W. Benson, 
i860, Charles Sawtelle, 1861-62; William S. Potter, 
1863-64; M. Schwartz, 1S65; Willard Cutter, 1866-69; 
Byron Porter, 1870-71 and 1874; (Jeorge A. Davenport, 
1872-73; C. B. Brown, 1875; P- ^^- Lawrence, 1876; Scott 
Dunbar, 1877-78: Bernhard Pol, 1879-80; G. W. Mer- 
rill, 1881. 

Librarians: John Sargent, 1830; John S. Sayward, 
1830-31 and '33 (Mr. S. had the library at his shop on Ex- 
change street, and opened it every Saturday afternoon); 
James Burton, 1832; Reuben Bagley, 1834-35; C. H. 
Wing, 1836; Samuel Ramsdell, 1837; T. H. Morse, 
1838; O. S. Beale, 1839; Moses Saunders, Jr., 1840; 
E. T. Fox, 1841; P. B. Rider, 1842; W. H. Perty, 1843; 
J. C. Mitchell, 1844; H. S. Brown, 1845; A. L. Perry, 
1846; O. P. Sawtelle, 1847; Willard Cutter, 1848-49; 
L. W. Rogers, 1850-51; Daniel Holman, 1852-56, 1867 
to this time; G. W. Orff, 1857; A. W. Benson, 1858; 
William S. Townsend, 1859-64; W. L. Seavey, 1865; 
W. H. H. Pitcher, 1866. 

THE li.\.NGOR MERCANTILE .\SS0C1.\TI0N'. 

A meeting of the merchants of Bangor was called 
November 2, 1843, to take into consideration the form- 
ing of a society to be called the Bangor Mercantile As- 
sociation. The meeting resulted in the association be- 
ing formed, and the first choice of officers took place 
November 30, 1843, as follows: James Crosby, Presi- 
dent ; Thomas H. Sandford, Vice-President ; Charles 



742 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 






Hayward, Secretary ; Francis M. Sabine, Treasurer ; 
Isaiah Stetson, \\'illiam H. Dow, Ezra Jewell, Waldo T. 
Pierce, Ephraim Moulton, Directors; George W. Picker- 
ing, Amos M. Roberts, John True, Solomon Parsons, 
James Jenkins, Board of Arbitration. 

The association was incorporated by act of Legislature 
February 5, 1844. 

At this time there was a small library in the city called 
the Bangor Social Library. The association proposed 
the purchase of the library, and during the year 1844 
succeeding in obtaining it, or the use of it, on some 
terms not recorded. But evidently they still remained 
two distinct libraries; for the Librarian's Report for 
1856 records that 275 volumes were added to the Mer- 
cantile Library and twenty-six to the Social Library. In 
April, 185S, a union seems to have been made of the 
two, on condition that all members of the Bangor -Social 
Library Association be admitted to equal privileges in 
the Bangor Mercantile Association, which was probably 
done at that time, as there is no further mention of the 
Social Library. 

The association held their meetings and had their 
library in various rooms ; but for several years their 
library and reading-room was in Bowman's Block, over 
the \Vhig and Courier office, Kenduskeag Bridge. 

There is no mention of a Librarian previous to 1847. 
Mr. Thomas Smith was appointed that year, and held 
the office till A\m\ i, 1869, at which time he resigned, 
being quite advanced in years. E. H. Carr was ap- 
pointed in his place. 

January 27, 187 1, the Mercantile Association moved 
their library, reading-rooms, etc., to the new rooms fitted 
up for them in Kenduskeag Block. 

May 23, 187 I, they voted to change the name of their 
association to the Bangor Library Association. 

In 1870 the association was involved in debt, and 
therefore considered the matter of transferring their 
property to the Mechanics' Association, on condition 
that the latter would assume the liabilities of the Library 
Association, and also admit all the citizens of Bangor to 
the use of their books and the privileges of member- 
ship. By December of that year the association was 
$3,500 in debt, and on the 15th of the month they 
voted to transfer their entire library and all other property 
of the association to the Mechanics' Association. Janu- 
ary 27, 1874, the transfer was accomplished. 

At the last meeting of the Mercantile, July loth 
following, a final statement of the financial standing of the 
association showed that all indebtedness had been can- 
celled, and that a balance of $357. 35 had been passed 
into the treasury of the Bangor Mechanics' Association, 
with assessments further amounting to more than $100. 
The thanks of the association were tendered to the re- 
porting officer, Treasurer F. M. Sabine, who had held 
the office from the organization of the association in 
1843, a period of thirty-one years of gratuitous service. 
It was voted that all books, papers, etc., of the society 
(records of treasurer and secretary) be turned over to the 
Bangor Mechanics' Association; and the association ad- 
journed to meet no more. 



women's christi.^n temperance union.* 
In 1874 the pioneers of the Women's Christian Tem- 
perance Union were among the women of Bangor whose 
hearts the stories of their sisters' thrilling deeds in the 
West had kindled to a like warfare of love. 

They were a part of the earnest, determined band 
which, in March of that year, formed themselves into 
"The Women's Temperance Crusade," in response to the 
following paragraph in the Daily Whig of March 3 — the 
first summons to the new movement : 

A meeting is to be held in Temperance Hal! at 2 o'clock next Thurs- 
day afternoon, to organize a praying band of ladies who will visit the 
saloons in the city after the manner of similar organizations in the West. 

Some of them were among the most active and ener. 
getic workers in that time of inspiration and of hope, as 
well as among the small number, fervent and faithful, who 
might well be called the prayer-mothers of that associa- 
tion. One of them has been spoken of as " the grand, 
fervent, and maternal presence to whom all hearts spon- 
taneously turned for a leader;" and one was the devoted, 
efficient, and gifted secretary, — first of the Crusade, and 
then of the Union, — whose " labors more abundant " 
from that time to this have filled the whole of her heart 
and her life. 

Within a year and a half from the organization of the 
Crusade, the Reform Club, of men redeemed from the 
spells of the poison-cup through the influence of this 
mother-society, had taken an engrossing place in its char- 
ities and labors, and the devoted desire to "stand by our 
fallen brothers " seemed to eclipse that radiant zeal for 
the removal of the temjjting demon which had been the 
first inspiration of the Crusade. 

Our little handful of pioneers, regretting the narrowed 
scope of a work whose ])ossibilities were daily broaden- 
ing before them, and drawn anew by the tidings of the 
Woman's National Lnion, then just entering upon its 
comprehensive warfare, began — first individually, and 
then collectively — to see some important things waiting 
to be done which no e.xisitng organization even attempted; 
and conscience said to them, "These things may be the 
very work appointed of God for you." 

While cordially approving and sympathizing in the 
work of the Crusade, and wishing them a hearty God- 
speed in its continuance, they could not bear to be them- 
selves unfaithful to the light they saw, by turning away from 
the many avenues of work which opened before them. 
They longed, among other things, to try what their feeble 
efforts might do, if sustained and energized by a Higher 
Power, to arouse the churches to a keener appreciation 
of the terrible curse, and a more earnest and systematic 
participation in the warfare against it, than it seemed to 
them then existed ; " they longed to lend hand and soul 
to their sisters in other States, whose battle is so hard and 
faithful against the legalized traffic in death;" and many 
other longings filled their hearts and beckoned them on. 

They believed also that two associations could carry 
out these desires, in addition to doing the work of the 
Crusade, far better than one , but the struggling, half- 

* By the great kindness and self-sacrificing labor of a member, whose 
name appears with honor in our Literary Chapter. 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



743 



defined hope within them pointing to a new organization, 
was indulged only in the spirit shown to be still existing 
by the first annual report : "We remain in friendly and 
unaffected good will towards all the associations which 
are unselfishly laboring for the removal of the great 
curse. It is designed not to antagonize, but to supple- 
ment and fulfil." 

The decision, however, to form another organization 
was not hastily made, nor without deliberation and prayer. 
For many weeks after this partial revealing of a new 
way, they met weekly for prayer and conference. Cour- 
age came with prayer. Their hope grew stronger daily 
and their purpose clearer. Their first quickening thought 
had come in the early winter; but the month of May had 
almost dropped its last blossoms, and the decisive step 
was not yet taken. If they unconsciously waited for a 
sign, such as was given to holy men of old on occasions 
when their faith strode less like a conqueror than in those 
days it was wont to do, such a token came. 

At this crisis, when the embryo power seemed all ready 
to speak and move — and did not — but waited for the Al- 
mighty to breathe into it a living soul, these ladies learned 
that the "Women's International Temperance Confer- 
ence," which had been appointed for June 1 2, at Phila- 
delphia, had received, as yet, no greeting from the State 
which aspires to be leader in the noble work of law, and 
that no one of her daughters had been commissioned as 
a delegate. This was the "dew on the fleece" that con- 
firmed their shrinking hearts. For had they not acted 
now, and formed themselves into a body authorized to 
send such delegate, their State, with her splendid record 
for temperance shining on her statute books, would have 
had no representation in one of the noblest of the world's 
conventions. 

Pressed by this urgent motive, they hastened at once 
(June 6, 1876), to organize themselves into a new associ- 
ation, and to give it the name of "The Women's Chris- 
tian Temperance Union." Immediately after, according 
to the record of the Corresponding Secretary, "they 
elected and qualified as a delegate to the 'International 
Conference,' Mrs. Benjamin Plummer, whose understand- 
ing testimony to the efficacy, both of our noble law and of 
the "Women's Movement," was eagerly listened to and 
could not have been spared from the conference, as the 
only voice raised there for the Commonwealth which has 
so many years been banner-bearer in the great social re- 
form, and for the city which, first in New England, re- 
flected the light of the Western beacon-fires." 

After addressing a letter, of sisterly greeting to "The 
Women's Temperance Crusade," and establishing their 
weekly business meeting and an open prayer-meeting, to 
which they hoped to draw many other temperance-loving 
Christians, the little "Union " was fairly launched upon 
its work. 

Using the Corresponding Secretary's annual reiwrts as 
the substance of our story, we will give a sketch of this 
work for the five years of its existence, joining her record 
of '76-77 on to our imperfect beginning, at the month of 
July: 

In July we began a series of prayer and conference meetings with the 



churches, which proved a blessing to ourselves and, we believe, a boon 
to those who received us. We sought to carry our work of prayer and 
of Clinslian endeavor against the great evil into every church, to be 
strengthened by their sympathies, and perchance to speak a word of 
awakening, if any careless sons and daugliters were too much at ease in 
Zion. 

In this plan we were met with courtesy and God-speed by nearly all 
the pastors. In the meetings they joined with us heart and voice, and 
the doors were opened to us of all the Protestant churches e.vccpt two, 
in which women's speaking is much against the traditions. We held 
nine such meetings betwi-en July 23 and [anuary 14. 

The round of the churches having thus been made, in Febniary the 
Union invited the pastors to co-operate with us in establishing a 
monthly union prayer-meeting of all the societies. Their co-oiwration 
was promised, and on Monday evening, February loth, the first such 
meeting was held in the Union Street Methodist church, and we looked 
forward to another course of happy and successful effort in this direc- 
tion. 

These meetings were, however, unexpectedly prevented 
by the Rev. G. F. Pentecost's visit to the city at that 
time. His religious meetings "awoke a greater interest 
than has been seen in the place for many years, absorb- 
ing the attention of the churches, as well as bringing in 
scores of the hitherto indifTerent. 

The multitude of meetings which resulted from this 
visit left no room for the monthly prayer-unions. 

The Union held this year, besides the meetings just 
named, and those held weekly, four public meetings at 
City Hall, two of which were for lectures by the brilliant 
lecturer. Professor George E. Foster, of Fredericton, and 
by the popular speaker, Mrs. Abby S. Doutney, of Mas- 
sachusetts: occasional prayer-meetings at private houses, 
and one at the jail. 

Another series of gatherings also, of a different nature, 
are yet to be added, viz., mission meetings at the Maine 
Central Depot, commenced on Sunday afternoon. May 
6th. 

"The work has been continued for the succeeding 
Sundays," .says the Secretary on June 6th, "some clergy- 
men and some singers giving us most welcome aid. We 
have had meetings of deep interest, and in those throngs 
of young hearts hungering for the bread of life we find 
a call to gratefully devote to the service of God and hu- 
manity, in this Mission, more of time, of strength, of 
whatever gift may be ours, than ever before." 

During the summer of 1876 the members of the Union 
commenced visiting the rumsellers of the city (the visi- 
tors, at one time, never exceeding two in number); for 
they felt that — 

For that chiefest robber who robs his brother of his soul, if he is 
chief of sinners, he most needs our redeeming love. 

This effort of Christian charity wits tiegun August 29, 1876. and sus- 
tained at irregular intervals till May i, 1877, when it was made a regu- 
lar weekly business. Those who visit are sustained by the prayers 
which are offered for them at home, and are led on by the unspeakable 
pity which sees precious manhood, time, and all divine gifts squandered 
in the gambling, profanity, drunkenness, idleness, degradation, and 
despair of these dens of iniquity. Our pledges have been accepted by 
some whom we find there, as well as by many others. 

The Union commenced the work of tract distribution 
in the City Soup-house in January, 1877. 

Temperance documents and papers, religious tracts, and a variety of 
interesting reading matter were procured by gift and purchase, accord- 
ing to our means, and received at the Soup-house with greatest pleas- 
ure by the children, by the countrymen, and in short, by all classes. A 
weekly distribution was continued there till the Soup-house was closed, 
April 7th. 



744 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 



This work soon expanded into a more general distri- 
bution. 

Several of the religious publishing houses gave us freely of their issues, 
which, with temperance and other papers, have been systematically dis- 
tributed in the jail and lockup, in rum-shops, and sailor boarding- 
houses, and in some business streets. 

The police-station was visited with coffee and the 
pledge for the unfortunate waifs, thrown in there day to 
day by the " crime of crimes," from March 4 to April 8, 
when other workers became interested and undertook the 
mission. 

In active support of the national work we have tried to contribute 
our mite, having sent ii8 subscriptions to the newspaper organ of the 
society. We have had the satisfaction of witnessing the growth of a 
marked interest in the Slate and National work. 

Our financial support rests on a basis exceedingly simple— it being 
to pass the hat at our public meetings, and to put our hands in our own 
pockets in the interval. If our public meetings were more frequent, 
and our pockets deeper, our work could greatly expand. With our 
time and strength all claimed by the direct work of temperance, we 
have not undertaken to earn money by entertainments, or by personal 
solicitation. 

We know what it is to be footsore and few, to be poor and perplexed, 
but we have not yet found out what it may be to lose our courage and 
our faith. In the cold weather we have carried to our place of meeting 
sticks of wood in mystic wrappers on our arms, and bundles of shavings, 
invisible, under our shawls, and the altar-fire within has never burned 
low. 

Our growth as a society has been steady and gratifying, our mem- 
bership having more than doubled since the first trembhng ten of us 
launched our Mayflower. 

At the close of the ne.xt year (1877 78) the Secretary, 
after recording the continuance and prosjjerity of the 
weekly business and prayer meetings, says: 

Our report of last year records the opening meetings of the Maine 
Central Depot Mission. This has to tell of its successful continuance till 
the end of September. This mission was no holiday task, in our inex- 
perience, in the imperfect accommodations and distance of the place, 
the heats of the season, and the roughness of the material we are at- 
tempting to mould. But we feel our toils repaid when we count up 
some of the known results; besides the cases of individual light and 
blessing confessed to us, the many names there given to the pledge, 
and the fervent entreaties to us to "come and hold some more meet- 
ings!" . . . We have learned that patience and practice 
will sharpen even such dull tools as we confess ourselves to be, and 
that it pays to make acquaintance with the ' 'elbow-heathen." . . . 
Our congregation at the depot was gathered from those who seldom 
or never enter any other such meeting. We have been assisted in these 
meetings by words in season from some of our pastors, and from non- 
resident pastors, and by the voices of several of our favorite singers. 

Our visiting at the rum-shops and distribution of temperance litera- 
ture in shops, streets, or wharves, etc. , was continued till November. 
The visits were of the same painful interest as ever, and of the "souls 
rescued from their sinful way'" we do not count with certainty even one 
for every dram-shop; but though our harvest may be not many sheaves, 
yet is already enough to richly repay our labors. 

Many thousand pages of our literature have been distributed thus. 
In December and January wall-pockets weie put up 
in the railroad depots, conveniently disposed for ticket-buyers, which 
were weekly furnished with five to eight hundred pages of reading mat- 
ter, of a style both entertaining and useful, and this was continued till 
April. We have heard of passengers on out-going trains profiting by 
the gift to speed the slow hours; but in all these distributions we trust 
that much more good is wrought than can possibly come to our hear- 
ing. 

At all our meetings we furnish the National Leaflets, or some other 
tract, chiefly educational, as recommended by the Woman's National 
Union; and we have also comphed with their plan in the appointment 
of our own Literature Committee, who have made a promising begin- 
ning in the further work laid out. 

The appointment of the 13th of December as a national day of 
prayer, made by the Chicago Convention, found us most happy to obey 
the call. Such days of union and unison of voice and spirit are the 



fitting feasts of a cause so full of brotherhood as is the temperance 
movement of the present day. 

The Sunday before, December 9, seven of the ten Protestant preach-- 
ers then occupying pulpits in the city had made temperance the subject 
of discourse, in response to the invitation which we had extended to 
them from the National Union; — an auspicious precedent. 

No month has passed since the close of the Depot Mission without 
some presentation of our cause to the public ear, either by words of our 
own, or of able speakers, or by lectures in aid of our working fund. 
In October we had an enthusiastic meeting at Pine Street church, the 
speakers being Mr. and Mrs. D. W. Hunt, of Indiana; in November a 
highly interesting and instructive address from Rev. Dr. Hamlin, upon 
"Islam and Wine," at Hammond Street church; in December the 
prayer and mass-meetings in City Hall; in January the excellent lecture 
by Rev. Mr. Bolton, on "The Three H's that Win," in City Hall, for 
the benefit of our treasury; in February the admirable address upon 
"Woman and Temperance," delivered in the Unitarian church by .Mrs. 
Eliza K. Churchill, of Providence; in March a literary lecture by the 
same speaker, for w hich tickets were sold, from which we hoped to de- 
rive a profit. 

April 28 we began a second series of meetings with the churches, 
upon a plan differing from those of the first year in giving special prom- 
inence to a Bible reading, the central thought of which is followed up 
by the speakers as the controlling thought of the evening. 

These have been among the most effective meetings we have had. 

The record is not complete without the mention of the meeting of 
June 7, 1877, which opened the year, at which the natural gladness of 
an anniversary in good work w;as enhanced by the sympathetic and en- 
couraging address of Rev. Professor Barbour, and the enthusiasm of 
Rev. Mr. .Angier. 

Near the commencement of the record of the year 
1878-79 the Secretary says : — 

Following our anniversary meeting of last June, which owed much to 
the earnest addresses of two of our faithful temperance men, — Rev. 
Dr. Hamlin and Rev. Mr. Bolton, — the special meetings of last sum- 
mer were those of the Maine Central Depot Mission. 

After a series of memorable experiences in the preliminaries, these 
were commenced on June 30, the "hot Sunday, "and continued four 
weeks. We had great difficulty in procuring seats, and owing to the 
lack of shipping and sailors in the port, and to other causes, our con- 
gregation was not of the same character as the previous season, nor 
such as we especially hoped for. Some good work was done there, 
and not in vain, we trust, but the Mission was not as successful as it 
should have been to justify our continued outlay, and was therefore 
closed. 

In October we succeeded in procuring the services of Miss Lucia E. 
F. Kimball, of C'hicago, Superintendent of the Sunday-school work of 
the National Union, who held a series of effective meetings and created 
an interest in the subject of Sunday-school temperance work, such as 
was greatly needed in our churches, and will prove, we trust, not a 
quick-growing and quick-withering plant on shallow soil, but a strong 
and living tree, rich in fruit for time and eternity. 

Preparatory to her coming, the Union had invited thirteen Sunday- 
schools to join in a temperance concert on Sunday afternoon, October 
20, at Hammond Street Church, where Superintendent Daggett had 
arranged the presentation of one of Miss Kimball's concert exercises, 
" The Test of the Rechabites." 

Miss Kimball addressed the children at this meeting, winning their 
ears, eyes, and hearts at once with her lessons and her object-teaching, 
and that evening delivered a thoughtful and suggestive lecture on 
"Temperance Training," at the First Parish Church. The following 
evening, by invitation from the Union, a conference of pastors, super- 
intendents, teachers, and "all interested," was held at the Baptist 
Chapel, and addressed by Miss Kimball, who presented the simple and 
serviceable "Plan" of the Woman's National Union, for systematic 
temperance work in Sunday-schools, and persuasively urged its adop- 
tion. She also spoke in the City Hall on Tuesday evening, the 22d, 
upon "Gospel Temperance Work in Chicago." 

The plan of the systematic temperance lessons was so new to our 
Sunday-schools that the work of securing its adoption has proved, as 
we were warned it would do, one requiring time, much personal labor, 
and reiterated explanation, as one after another becomes interested to 
inquire into it. ... . 

In furtherance of the work begun by Miss Kimball, the Union held 
two more conferences, participated in by many of those interested, who 
missed the first one, and has since appointed a committee of its own 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



745 



members to take the work in charge. These have labored diligently, 
but this work is great enough for twice their number. 

But this year goes out with bright omen and definite advance, with 
tlie news that one of our churches has joined in the national system, — 
the Second Baptist having notified us of their intention to assign the 
quarterly lesson, appoint the Secretary, and carry out the further sug- 
gestions of the Plan, so far as practicable. This is heartily encourag- 
ing. . . . Several Superintendents, while declining to estab- 
lish a regular temperance lesson, have promised to give some time to 
it. . . . We have distributed many specimens of the ad- 
mirable lesson-leaves prepared by Miss Coleman, and are confident 
that they will win their way. 

December 23, the day ever memorable as that on which our gentle 
"Mother Thompson," of Hillsboro', first led forth her crusade band to 
deliver the loved ones and close the rum-shop door, we thankfully 
marked with a commemorative service, held in the Baptist Chapel. By 
invitation, the Women's Temperance Crusade united with us in the 
services. 

The preceding .Sunday had been designated at Baltimore as our 
"National Temperance .Sunday," and four of our city pastors had ac- 
cepted our invitation to preach a temperance sermon that day, — two 
others being prevented by Christmas services, taking an early oppor- 
tunity thereafter to address their people on this subject. 

With profound tliankfulness must we temperance women confess 
our debt to the clergymen of Bangor, who have been and are a tower 
of strength to the cause. We have leaned upon their faithfulness, and 
not found it wanting. 

January 2 and 3 saw the fulfillment of long cherished desires of our 
Union, in the assembling in this city of the Massachusetts convention 
called by the .State Union, in aid of which we had been glad to be 
enabled to offer a promised address from our eloquent Canadian friend. 
Professor George E. Foster, and the use of City Hall. Our citizens 
hospitably opened their homes in entertainment of our visitors, and, 
the Women's Crusade joining us in welcome to the delegations, it was 
to us all an occasion of pleasure and profit, and gave a good impulse 
to the work in this community. 

January 5 Professor Foster delivered a lecture for our society, enti- 
tled, "Reforms and Reformers, " compact of his strong logic and fit 
illustration, to a large and attentive audience, at the First Methodist 
church. 

The Union held three Bible temperance meetings in churches this 
year, occasional saloon and station visiting was done, a few private 
prayer-meetings were held by invitation, and the Month of Prayer was 
observed by additional weekly prayer-meetings, with special subjects. 
Also, the members united in five scientific temperance readings, for 
their own benefit. 

Early in February a piece of work was given us to do of a kind 
wholly new in our experience, in the circulation of the " Petition of 
the National Union for relief and inquiry." This petition, asking 
Congress to do its utmost to keep the drink traffic out of the country, 
and to establish the commission of inquiry thrice passed by the Senate 
and smothered in the House, was welcomed as the embodied voice of 
many soul-felt hopes and prayers, and we girded ourselves for our first 
step in the path at the end of whose long vista shines a glorious goal. 

The blanks came late, and we had but five days in which to circulate 
them, and one of these was stormy. We took our bows and arrows 
?nd went a-hunting. Homes, stores, counting-rooms, and workshops 
we in\'aded, and came out rich in trophies and experience. 

Six hundred and twenty-eight signatures were secured, a little more 
than one-third of which were women. Seven of our city pastors 
signed, — we had not time to see them all, — Seminary professors and a 
Presiding Elder; prominent members of all the learned professions — 
except the editorial — and of almost every honest occupation; office- 
holders, bankers, merchants; the comprehending ones who said, "Now 
you are striking at the root — amen," and those who, though hopeless 
for their own lifetime, yet were glad to do their duty; the white-haired, 
reverend scholar of nearly four-score years and ten, and the youth to 
whom our talk was the first hint of a glorious possibility that lies before 
his coming ballot. One sheet contained the names of seventeen of the 
grand jury, then in session, and the sum of them all was a w'eighty 
representation of the character, intelligence, and enterprise of the city, 
as well as of its social refinement and culture. 

.Among the resolutions adopted by the State Convention, none has 
called us to action with a more profound sense of its importance than 
that which urges the introduction of exact teaching upon the nature 
and effects of alcohol into the public schools, as one of the most efTec- 
tive safeguards against the drinking habit. 
94 



The movement in England, and its success in Sweden, are constant 
encouragement to us, ii we needed more than its utter reasonableness 
to urge it here. A prompt indorsement was given to the suggestion In 
the sermon of one of our leading clergymen soon .after ihe convention, 
and the proposition continues to meet with emphatic approval from 
growing numbers of our most thoughtful people. 

Upon the election of the new Board of Superintending School Com- 
mittee, at the end of March, we made the formal request that they 
would introduce the study of scientific temperance into the public 
school course in such a way as to reach the greatest number of scholars 
—proposing Richardson's Temperance Lesson Book for the high school, 
and the Catechism on Alcohol for the intermediate and suburban 
grades. The board met our delegation in a conference at their com- 
mittee-room, .April 8, heard our plea with courteous attention, and have 
had the text-books under examination, but we are not informed what 
their decision will be for the next school year. 

.April 22 we held a mass meeting in City Hall, in support of the 
movement for scientific temperance teaching, which was well attended 
by an intelligent audience, and addressed by several of our most able 
and experienced educators, in strong advocacy of the idea. We had 
weighty support in Professors Hamlin, Sewall, and Paine, Hon. A. G. 
Wakefield, and Rev. Mr. Spear. . • . . 

In the important department of the literature work, progress has been 
made during the year. Ninety subscriptions have been sent to the 
newspaper organ. Our Union — our premiums amounting to $10.70. 

In July we began a canvass witli Mrs. Wittenmeyer's History of the 
Woman's femperance Crusade, the book of which Rev. Ur. Hamlin 
has said— and we may give credence to such an expert : "There is no 
book of modern times, I am quite sure, which exhibits so much of 
human nature in all its shades, from sootiest black to purest while. It 
is a book which every lawyer, legislator, voter, physician, and minister 
should read. It e.xhibits courage never equaled at Plevna, benevolence 
.and humility unsurpassed on earth, and deviltry right out of hell." 
Nine copies have been given away, and forty-two sold, at a net profit of 
$'3-75- 

In this kind of money-getting we feel that we are spending our 
strength on a two-edged weapon, and directly promoting the cause in 
the circulation of the book. For there is nowhere to be found an ar- 
raignment of the monstrous traftic so biting as this plain, unvarnished 
story of its acts toward women. .... Upon the other 
literature there is no profit to our purse. 

Holding no public meeting in March, we called upon the excellent 
leaflet, ' Let the Church .Awake, " to speak for us, and distributed nine 
hundred and twenty-five of these in the different churches. We have 
distributed about eight thousand three hundred p.ages of these and 
other tracts during Ihe year. We have also sold since January one 
hundred and eleven books and pamphlets, besides twenty packets of 
Union leaflet, and five of children's tracts. 

The only remaining extracts which will be given from 
this year's report refer to the following facts: In Sep- 
tember, 1878, a Sheriff well known to be a friend of the 
drink-traffic, was elected ; and in March a Mayor, who, 
it was generally supposed, would not enforce the 
prohibitory law, and who confirmed the supposition by 
saying in his inaugural — after quoting a few lines from 
the city charter touching the duties of the Chief Execu- 
tive iMagistrate: "If I can cause the regulations of the 
city to be executed and enforced, I shall feel that I have 
done my whole duty in this respect, and do not propose 
to magnify my office by going beyond the limits marked 
out in the city ordinance." 

But we have been told that our work is a failure. The charge is a 
serious one, and so often made, summons us at this beginning of an- 
other year to seriously consider the situation, and if we are in fault, to 
amend our methods. 

Then, after "considering the situation," and eloquently 
painting the effects of this unchaining of the insatiate 
demon, the Secretary continues: 

Is this, then, our failure? But our will and taste have not been con- 
sulted in the matter. It is some one's failure. It is shameful and sor- 
rowful, licing but women, we continue to pray. 

We confess our feebleness ; we have indeed failed to attain the full 



746 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



measure of our desires. But when a ^rand work for humanity appeals, 
implores for helpers, and reels under the mailed fist of the smiter, then 
that criticism which simply stands apart and blames its weakness — not 
that trembhng effort which does its faithful best to uphold the bruised 
and shaking limb — Is the failure. 

But we are told our work "is a failure, because men talk temperance 
and vole rum!" Ah! this is the oldest story of all, that has echoed 
down to us from creation's dawn — man's sin is woman's fault. Truly 
the blood of Adam still flows in the veins of his sons. . 

We see failure, but we see success also. We see the stains fading 
from faces we are wont to meet, and heads held erect that were hung 
down. We see a new energy and higher life in temperance organiza- 
tions, , and a deeper and broader tliought of what this reform means. 
May it grow abundantly. 

We have seen a quiet and hnppy quickening of spiritual life in some 
of our churches, and lives blessedly won from the service of appetite 
to the service of God. One church has, for a part of the year, set 
apart one service in each month tor temperance. And when the church 
shall be awake in all her members, we shall hear no more of failure. . 

And more than these, we, standing within these walls, as women do, 
see tokens in many a home of the growing care, and thought, and love 
of women for this cause, which is woman's cause as none other has ever 
been — except that w^hich was born in a manger at Bethlehem. And 
this growing care is full of hopefulness, for when temperance is loved, 
and served, and taught, as it should be, in the home, the sons will not 
love and serve the poison in the streets. 

We are thus introduced to the work of the year 1879- 
80 : 

The year's labor has been carried on , according to our ability, in each 
of the three great branches into which the national movement has re- 
solved itself; the rehgious, the educational, and the legal. 

Under the first head we must name our own most prized weekly 
prayer meetings, without whose cheer we should be unable to face our 
difficulties and continue in the warfare. These are open and free to all 
who may like to join us. 

We have held forty-four prayer meetings, including three of national 
appointment or significance, viz: October 17, for the Indianapolis Con- 
vention; the Crusade Anniversary, December 23; and for temperance 
throughout our land, January 2; to supply the omission of the subject 
from the following week of prayer. The last named meeting was held 
in City Hall, forenoon and afternoon, with a change of subjects and 
leaders each hour, and a new Bible lesson. 

In the sphere of religious work will be reckoned our Sunday-school 
effort, which has made progress. . . . Last June one ex- 

ercise of fifteen minutes in one school was all the specific temperance 
teaching we could learn of in the Sunday-schools of the city for several 
months. This year we have reports showing active temperance work 
in many of the schools, and the beginning of an awakening in some 
others. There is every encouragement to press forward. . 

Of the eight schools which the Secretary says have 
done some temperance work in the past year, we will 
quote the record of the three most favorable : 

. The Second Methodist, four quarterly lessons, and 
one concert. First Congregational, four quarterly lessons, five open- 
ing exercises of fifteen minutes each, one concert, one address before 
the school, twenty-two copies of "Youths' Temperance Banner," and 
a growing interest. Second Baptist, four quarterly lessons, four con- 
certs, two addresses before the school, eleven copies of the "Banner" 
used, and much interest among both teachers and scholars. , 

. The Union lesson-leaves (Miss Colman's) have been used 
in five of these schools and have received high praise from superintend- 
ents and teachers. 

The educational work of the year was begun in what is doubtless the 
proper quarter — at home — ten meetings of our own members being 
held last summer for scientific reading, and one to read the "Maine 
Law." . 

Our cause has a rich, worthy, and convincing literature, and we be- 
lieve the old method of "precept upon precept, line upon line," has 
not lost its virtue. Forty-nine books, ninety-one pamphlets, one thou- 
sand five hundred and fifty lesson-leaves, and two thousand and thirty- 
seven pages of tracts have been sold, three thousand five hundred 
and twenty-two pages distributed by Union funds, and about one 
thousand pages given as specimens, for which the national and local 
committees have paid. 



That scientific temperance instruction must be given to the children 
in the public schools of America, is no longer an open question. The 
problem to-day is to overcome the inertia of school committees in the 
shortest possible time. 

But we have taken a lesson from our brothers' books, and observed 
that when they wish any line of public policy pui sued they elect to office 
such men as will pursue it. Finding, as the weeks passed into months, 
that the School Committee were not likely to introduce the study of 
temperance, and feeling that every consideration of humanity was for 
it (and nothing against it but superstition, inherited from a dark age of 
philosophy, which named brandy "water of life"), the resolve was 
taken in our meeting of July 31, to petition the Legislature of Maine to 
give women the privilege of voting for School Committees, as seven 
other States had already done. When we are among their constitu- 
ents they will take more interest in the book. 

The proposed movement for school committee suffrage for women 
was submitted to the State Union at the next annual meeting in Octo- 
ber, unanimously adopted as a branch of the State work, and petitions 
to the Legislature issued in December for general circulation. But the 
disturbed condition of affairs at the capital soon induced the committee 
to suspend the canvass, and postpone the appeal to the Legislature 
another year. The petition was received with much favor in this city, 
in the brief period it was in circulation, and we believe it will be numer- 
ously signed when the canvass is resumed. 

Meanwhile we have continued our efforts to persuade committees, by 
other arguments than the ballot. Our first work in this direction this 
year was a lecture from Professor George E. Foster, entitled, " Forma- 
tive Influences, or the Place of Temperance in Education." This was 
delivered September 21, at a union meeting in Central Church, con- 
ducted by the pastor, assisted by Rev. R. L. Howard. The lecture, 
luminous with fine logic and elevated feeling, was not only an able 
argument for temperance in the schools, but was in itself an educative 
influence of rare quality, and was listened to with keen enjoyment by a 
large and appreciative audience. 

The State annual meeting, held in this city soon after, afforded our 
public another opportunity for consideration of the educational move- 
ment, in listening to the exquisite address of Mrs. Mary H. Hunt, of 
Boston. 

April 13 we again procured the assistance of Mrs.Hunt, 
who delivered a lecture on "Forces that Have Shaped 
Destiny/' in City Hall. It was well attended and full of 
unanswerable persuasion to the introduction of the study. 

The next day Rev. Mr. Spear courteously opened his house for a 
parlor conference, to which we invited the School Committee, and a 
number of other friends, to confer with Mrs. Hunt upon practical as- 
pects of this most vital movement against the drink system. Two of 
the committee were present, and e.'cpressed themselves at the close in 
a manner most cheering to our hopes. 

On Apiil 20 we sent the petition* to the School Committee, officially 
signed for our society, with the added request that they would give us 
a hearing at an early date. We have, as yet, received no reply to 
either request, but we still look hopefully forward to the beginning of 
the school year in September. 

We have this year made greater use of the printing press than ever 
before in our efforts for the education of the community in temperance 
work. Our last annual report was unable to find entrance into the 
columns of the daily papers which had hitherto pubhshed such reports, 
owing, we supposed, to the criticisms made upon the Mayor's course 
towards the Prohibitory Law. We, therefore, after waiting three weeks 
for the usual publication, decided to print it ourselves as a " Temper- 
ance Extra," and July 5 issued two thousand copies, eighteen hundred 
of which were distributed in this city, and two hundred over the coun- 
try. It seemed to be an attractive form of publication, and many 
copies were ordered from our own and other States. 

The success of the attempt was a suggestion to try again. . 

During the summer it was observed that the news columns of the 
Whig were unusually laden with exhibits of the results of free liquors. 

The idea took shape that a resume of the principal fruits of the traffic 
as they had happened to be Ijrought to the attention of one newspaper 
man, would be instructive reading to the citizens of Bangor, who bear 
the burdens of all this vice and crime. The Union accordingly re- 
solved, in January, to issue a sort of reprint from the Whig, and before 

* Prepared by the State Union for the iutrgduction of the Temper- 
ance Lesson Book. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



747 



this was out some temperance work was done, in which the public 
manifested niucli interest, and of which they had in the daily press no 
candid or adequate report. Our second Temperance Extra. March ist, 
had, therefore, a full freight of matter, and more than full. Too small 
though, it was, with important articles crowded out, prepared in many 
difficulties, paying its way with desperate exertions, and falling far 
short of our wishes, the little paper achieved so much of success that, 
at home, it pleased none of the enemies of our cause and was very 
gratifying to our friends, and abroad the children of intemperance cry 
for it, and hundreds of copies have been sent to order to every qu.iner 
of the compass, from Maine to "Kansas." 

To meet the expense of our paper we depend upon the advertising, 
and some friends of the cause who had nothing to advertise offered do- 
nations of money, whicli were not refused. 

It remains to speak of our effort in the direction of the law. The 
details of our action and experience in this field have been given in the 
Temperance Extra at greater length than they can be here, but we must 
attempt a concise summary of its cause and course, and relate the 
sequel, for the occasion is memorable. 

The Secretary then gives the fact which has been al- 
ready alluded to here, viz : That the Mayor who was 
inauf^urated in the last year had declined to enforce the 
prohibitory law, — and continues. 

In less than three months from his declaration, there were one hun- 
dred and twenty places where liquor was openly sold, and a demoral- 
ized social sentiment in regard to drinking had become conspicuous, 
which seemed to sympathize and keep pace w^lh the official disregard of 
the Uw. . . . The Whig of February 4th stated that 

"there are more prisoners in the county jail bound over to await the 
action of the Grand Jur>', than has been known for several years." 

By autumn of last year this condition of affairs was the frequent sub- 
ject of comment from our own citizens and from visitors, and protest 
and appeal against the nullification of the prohibitory law welled up 
from the friends of temperance on every hand. In November the 
Union resolved to petition the Mayor and Aldermen to enforce the law 
according to the statutory commandment, and in December eight of 
our members, assisted by four friends, circulated petitions to that effect 
for signatures of citizens. Nearly thirteen hundred men and women 
signed this petition, a large majority of them with heartfelt expressions 
of sorrow, shame, or indignation at his unchecked license of the 
drink-traffic in defiance of the State law. 

Our petition was presented to the Mayor and .Vlderinen in a special 
meeting January 23d, and arguments in its support offered by two mem- 
bers of the Union. No answer was given at that meeting of the Board, 
which was a small one, but another was appointed to consider whether 
the prayer should be granted or not. By inv itation from the Mayor 
some of our members again appeared before the Board January 27th, 
and the principal argument was repeated. A strong body of political 
and official supporters of the .Mayor was in attendance. 

Having been warned that it would be well to have some friends there, 
the Union had invited a few temperance men to lend us the support of 
their presence. To the five who, by unimpeachable testimony, soundar- 
gument, keen and pertinent questioning, turned our Thermopyhc into 
a Bunker Hill, — annihilation impending into a presage of \ictory, — 
the cause of temperance owes a debt not small nor soon to be forgot- 
ten. For, though the day's triumph was unquestionably on the side 
of the most Greeks, yet we do not fear to trust the discussion to the scru- 
tiny of the world, secure that where the personal popularity, political 
drill, and official weight, which were so strong against us. are not felt, 
it will be conceded that our petition deserved success if it did not achieve 
it. And there is no permanent defeat to a right cause. After Bunker 
Hill, Yorktown. 

About a week after this "hearing" an official reply was 
made to the petition through the columns of the Whig, 
which, of course, was a denial of the request. It is 
pleasant to state that this reply was accompanied by a 
minority report of two Aldermen recommending that the 
petition be granted. 

If any one in future years should be called upon to 
continue this hasty story of the Bangor Union, for some 
other good book, God grant that the Secretary's prophecy 



may shine over the page as a triumphal announcement — 
"after Bunker Hill, Yorktown!" 

The Union's labors since the closing of its fourth year 
in June, 1880, must be concisely told, not only because 
our space is nearly e.xhausted, but because, though work 
has been carried on with diligence and fortitude not ex- 
ceeded in any previous years, yet much of it has been 
of such character as yields few finished and concrete re- 
sults for the reporter's pen. 

July 1st Temperance Extra No. 3 was published, con- 
taining the annual report : 

Of public meetings, the first was the anniversary, observed in City 
Hall, on June 15th; the others were an interesting lecture from Miss 
I.ucia E. F. Kimball, of Chicago, in Hammond Street Congregational 
church, September 26th, on "The Necessity of a National Quarantine 
Against the Liquor Traffic ; " a temperance Bible reading at Union 
Street Methodist Episcopal church. November 21st; another at Essex 
Street Free-will Baptist church. November 28th; and a third at Brewer 
Methodist Episcopal church, held by invitation from its pastor, Decem- 
ber 19th. A parlor conference was also held with Miss Kimball, Sep- 
tember 27tli, at which she organized the Young Women's Christian 
remperance Union, which has held a few meetings for scientific read- 
ing, and given two successful entertainments for the public. 

In September we were cheered by the announcement that the Super- 
intending School Committee had voted the introduction of Richard- 
son's Temperance Lesson Book into the High-school. For this re- 
ward of our two years' perseverance, we gave thanks; and were 
encouraged, upon the publication of Miss Colman's ".Mcohol and 
Hygiene," in November, to ask for its introduction into the Grammar 
schools as a text-book. This request has not yet been complied with. 

But the work of this year which has most fully absorbed the hearts 
and energies of the Union, was a temperance coffee-house, which was 
opened eariy in January. There is opportunity enough for the saving 
mission of one of these beneficent institutions, though such an oppor- 
tunity as could only exist in our prohibitory State through the misgov- 
ern ment of our rulers. 

We have room but for a flying glance at this work, with no details 
of its interesting and valuable experiences. A fund of $150 was given 
by friends of the cause for its starting, and the experiment w,as sus- 
tained for eight months with brave patience and an ever-growing con- 
V iction of the blessed usefulness of such a work, and then closed Oc- 
tober ist, with the announcement to the public that it would not be re- 
opened in the same place, which was unfavorable, both for location and 
for rent. 

A recent letter from the Secretary sums it up as fol- 
lows : 

-Vlthougli this period was too short to develop financial success out 
of our inexperience, and against many adverse influences, yet it was 
long enough to demonstrate the value and benefit to the cause of hav- 
ing a headquarters or bureau, known as a place where temperance in- 
fluences were always to be found; and long enough to make a good be- 
ginning of the development of that essential idea that the respectable 
part of the community can effectually cripple, and eventually conquer, 
the liquor traffic, by withdrawing all business patronage from the trade, 
and that until such withdrawal is heartily entered upon, religious, 
legal, and educational suasions will still lack an ally necessary to suc- 
cess. We found a class of patrons, appreciably large and capable of 
exerting great influence, who were forbidden, either by taste or princi- 
ple, to patronize the rum shops while a temperance restaurant was 
within reach, and we found in the coffee-house an opportunity for the 
development and extension of this class. But though this work will 
continue to be needed for a long time, yet it is one that requires for its 
continuance a financial strength, or a business experience, which the 
Union could not furnish. 

But, in spite of this indefinite delay of cherished hopes, 
we think those who have thoughtfully read this sketch 
will believe with us that "the fire within which had 
never burned low" in 1877, will, in 1881, still warm and 
light these women of the Temperance Union; if to vic- 
tory, for the quickening of their hopes and endeavors, 
and the good of humanity; if to defeat, for the kindling 



H8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUISITY, MAINE. 



of the new fervor and courage which defeat also inspires 
in the God-born soul of man, and the good to their 
fellow beings which disappointment and temporary de- 
feat only make more sure and glorious. 

women's christian temperance crusade.* 

When the women of the West lifted their voices in 
prayer and supplication to Almighty God for strength to 
go out and battle against the liquor traffic, the echoes of 
the conflict reached our own good State, stirring the 
hearts of many, and an earnest desire was felt to join 
forces against a demon who was filling our land with so 
much sin, misery, and shame. 

True, our own good State of Maine had a prohibition 
wall around it. Yet we knew the enemy had scaled tlie 
wall, battered down its gates, bringing in his emissaries, 
establishing them in dark places behind curtains ; day 
and night his work goes on, sending to a premature grave 
the most gifted, the brightest intellects of our land. 

At length a call was made to the women of Bangor to 
come forward and join hands in the work. From this 
movement a society, known as the Women's Christian 
Temperance Crusade, was formed, being the first of the 
kind in the State. 

The call was made in February. A permanent organ- 
ization was not effected until March 26, consisting of a 
President, Secretary, Treasurer, with a Vice-President 
from each church. Then commenced the work in ear- 
nest. 

A club of young men was formed during the summer, 
called the Crusade Club, to help the ladies in their work. 
This was of short duration, and rendered but little serv- 
ice. 

In the meantime the Women's Crusade were visiting 
the police station, carrying hot coffee and the pledge, try- 
ing earnestly to induce these unfortunates, made so by 
the use of strong drink, to seek a higher and better life 
by signing the pledge. 

Their efforts in this direction met with good success, 
and many date their reform from that place of confine- 
ment. 

All places where liquors were sold were visited, and 
urgent appeals made for the discontinuance of the same. 

The city was thoroughly canvassed for signatures to 
the total abstinence pledge. 

Appeals to the churches for united effort met a favor- 
able response. Mass meetings were held in the largest 
halls, and they were filled to overflowing, hundreds sign- 
ing the pledge. For a time victory over the liquor traffic 
seemed an easy thing. Soon c^me a reaction. The zeal 
and enthusiasm seemed to give place to an indifference. 
It was not all sunshine for this band of women workers. 
They had much to encounter, many hard places to climb. 
Public speakers for their meetings were obtained with 
much difficulty, though the clergymen of some of the 
churches stood nobly by them through all. 

After mature deliberation they decided to take the 
platform themselves, and no more earnest or eloquent 
speakers could they find than were found in their own 
* By the favor of Mrs. S. J. Pickard, of the society. 



ranks, because their hearts were in the work. Meetings 
were held in the jail, books and papers freely distributed, 
and good results have followed this brai f the wt^rk. ^ 

Families that were suffering through ir j,jcr.-,nce vere^' 
visited, children clothed and made read' Ic public 

and Sabbath-schools; nothing was or ti'-- 
where Crusade work could be done. 

September following the Bangor Reform Club was or- 
ganized, which is so well known throughout our State as 
being the first of the kind ever formed. Dating their re- 
form to the Crusade work, they became an able ally to it. 

After the formation of the club the Crusade conceived 
the idea of a reading room for the benefit of the club, 
believing a room of this kind, furnished with good books 
and papers, and otherwise made attractive by pictures 
and little decorations to give a home-like appearance, 
would be a safeguard in the hour of temptation, besides 
placing in their hands good reading matter not otherwise 
obtained. With woman's energy this was accomplished, 
and December 2Sth, same year, they presented to the 
Reform Club the free and exclusive use of two rooms 
for one year, as a Christmas gift, paying for the services 
of a janitor to take care of the rooms. 

Since the expiration of the first year the running ex- 
penses of these rooms have been equally borne by the 
Reform Club and the Crusade, always employing a jan- 
itor to take the care of the rooms. Five years ago a 
public prayer meeting was established in these rooms for 
every Sabbath evening, and is kept up at the present 
time with an increased interest, the rooms filled to their 
utmost capacity; and in no other meeting will you find 
more thoughtful, earnest Christian reliance on the Arm 
that is mighty to save than in the Sunday evening prayer 
meetings held in the Reform Club Reading-rooms. 

Thus the work goes on. The same spirit is manifested 
by the Crusade in rescuing the "fallen" as at the com- 
mencement of the work. Public meetings are held at 
the City Hall weekly, also prayer and business meetings 
at the Reform Club Reading-rooms. But to estimate 
the work on the good results that follow, and have fol- 
lowed, one must visit the homes of those that have been 
rescued — saved from intemperance by this movement, 
and listen to the story from their own lips, witness the 
joy and happiness of families now living in comfort and 
peace, where once all was want, darkness, and misery. 

Work on, nor think of rest, 

Though dark and drear the way may be. 
This is God's holy mission work, 

And He will comfort thee. 
Reach down, though filth and rags are there, 

Art better than God's Holy Son, 
Who touched the leper's unclean robe 

And victory won? 

THE BANGOR REFORM CLUB. 

This is another of the temperance societies growing 
out of the great movement of 1874, during which (Sep- 
tember 10) it was organized. It was incorporated De- 
cember 28th of that year. It had a membership of 246 
at the close of its sixth year, and 84 members were added 
during the next twelve months. Receipts during the 
financial year 1879.80 $848.18, expenditures, $751.- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



749 



79. In 1880.81, $461.76 and $525.36. Mr. Christo- 
pher A. Page, of the County Treasurer's office, is President 
of this meeting; Samuel L. Stevens, Secretary and Treas- 
urer. 

There are about seven other temperance societies in 
Bangor, including those attached to the Catholic churches 
and the reform orders. The following notes are kindly 
supplied by Deacon Duren: 

Bangor Temperance Society, organized in 1828; Ban- 
gor Division of the Sons of Temperance, No. 14, insti- 
tuted December 26, 1857; Independent Order of Good 
Templars, Union Lodge No. 3, instituted 1861; Floral 
Lodge No. 19, August 22, 1862; Pharos Temple of 
Honor, instituted June 28, 1866; Templars of Honor 
and Temperance, Honora Council, No. 3, instituted 
June 5, 1867; Crystal Social Temple, No. i, instituted 
February 7, 1879. 

B. H. BE.\LE POST, NO. 12, GR.^ND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 

This society, now one of the strongest, wealthiest, and 
most flourishing in the State, was chartered January 6, 
1868, early in the history of the Order in this State. Its 
original members were John F. Appleton, .•\. B. Farn- 
ham, Charles Hamlin, C. L. and S. H. Downes, E. E. 
Small, W. H. S. Lawrence, M. H. Andrews, \V. H. H. 
Wilson, J. A. Fairbanks, G. A. Bolton, John H. Neal, 
A. L. Chick, M. P. Nickerson, A. L. Spencer, John D. 
Cowley, S. W. Tha.\ter, Jasper Hutchings, George Web- 
ster, Daniel White, George Fuller, D. C. Morrill, Eugene 
Sanger, W. H. Pritchard, George Varney — twenty-five. 

The first corps of officers mustered as follows : 

General Daniel White, Post Commander ; General 
Charles Hamlin, Senior Vice-Commander; Colonel .Au- 
gustus C. Hamlin, Junior Vice-Commander ; Lieutenant 
Horace M. Wing, Adjutant ; Sergeant Melville P. Nicker- 
son, Quartermaster; Colonel E. F. Sanger, Surgeon; Ser- 
geant W. H. S. Lawrence, Officer of the Day; George 
E. Stewart, Officer of the Guard ; Otis Gilmore, Chap- 
lain ; W. H. H. Wilson, Quartermaster Sergeant. 

The following-named constitute the roll of Post Com- 
manders from the beginning: 

Daniel White, 1868; George Varney 1868-9; B. H. 
Beale, 1869; D- C. Morrill, 1869-70; Edward E. Small, 
1870, Jasper Hutchings, 1S70 ; Charles Hamlin, 1S71; 
Edward E. Small, 1872; J. F. Godfrey, 1872; Herman 
Bartlett, 1873; Rufus P. Peakes, 1874; John W. 
Torrens, t875; Augustus C. Hamlin, 1875-9; ''^- B- Farn- 
ham, 1880; Christopher V. Grossman, 1881. 

The Post had its first hall in the third story of the E.v 
change Block. It then moved into the upper floors of 
Strickland's building, and finally into the third story of 
Dow's Block, where its elegantly appointed rooms are 
now situated. It has about 276 members. Memorial 
Day (.\pril 30) has been regularly observed by it every 
year since its organization; and also the Fourth of July, 
whenever the city has a celebration. It made a conspic- 
uous figure in the demonstration upon the visit of 
President Grant to the city, at the opening of the Euro- 
pean & North American Railway. 

December 6, 1881, a notable fair was opened at Nor- 



ombega Hall for the benefit of the Post. It continued 
several days, and was a great success, netting a handsome 
sum to the treasury. 

B.VNGOR HISTORIC.\L .SOCIETY. 

This society was incorporated in 1864. On May 3, 
1864, it was organized. Hon. Elijah L. Hamlin was 
elected its first President; Rev. Charles Carroll Everett, 
now Professor in Harvard College, Vice-President; Rev. 
Samuel Harris, late President of Bowdoin College, now 
Professor in Yale College, Corresponding Secretary; E. 
F. Duren, Recording Secretary; Isaiah Stetson, ex-Mayor 
of Bangor, Treasurer. The society has some collections 
in its cabinet. It has not been very active since Presi- 
dent Hamlin's decease. It has had two meetings the 
past year, at one of which several papers of interest were 
read. It promises more activity in the future. The offi- 
cers now are; John E. Godfrey, President; E. F. Duren, 
Recording Secretary; Rev. Professor John S. Sewall, 
Corresponding Secretary; Dr. Thomas U. Coe, Treasu- 
rer; Hon. Edward B. Nealley, Oliver H. Ingalls, E.-,q., 
Henry Gale, Escj., Frank H. Clergue, Esq., Captain H. 
N. Fairbanks, Executive Committee. 

THE B.\NGOR BOARD OF TRADE 

and Manufactures was organized at a meeting of citizens 
of Bangor and Brewer, held in the former place April i, 
T872, of which Mayor Wheelwright was Chairman. Its 
objects are in general similar to those of Boards of Trade 
in other cities. The Board was chartered in 1878. Its 
first officers were: Moses Giddings, President; B. F. 
TefTt, Secretary; S. C. Hatch, Treasurer; Reuben S. 
Prescott, Charles Hayward, Thomas N. Egery, E. R. 
Stockwell, J. C. White, J. S. Wheelwright, Andrew Wig- 
gin, John Holyoke, Vice-Presidents; G. W. Merrill, 
Franklin Muzzy, M. Schwartz, C. W. Roberts, H. B. 
Williams, C. B. Brown, J. S. Jenness, I. M. Bragg, and 
David Bugbee, Executive Committee. The Bangor 
Board of Trade and Manufactures was merged in the 
Bangor Board of Trade, re-organized January 13, 1879; 
R. S. Prescott, President; J. D. Warren, Secretary. It 
has met with tolerable regularity, and in 1879 published 
a volume of statistics and other information, which still 
possesses considerable value. 

THE BANGOR BOARD OF UNDERWRITERS 

was organized November 18, 1867; D. .M. Howard, 
President. Re-organized as the Bangor Board of Fire 
Underwriters, May 7, 1872; J. S. Chadwick, President; 
Charles P. Wiggin, Secretary of both Boards to the pres- 
ent time. The Bangor Board of Marine Underwriters, 
organized in 1872. 

THE BANGOR FUEL SOCIETY 

was organized for the purpose of furnishing relief to the 
suffering poor, December, 1835. Eighty-seven citizens 
subscribed a fund for that winter of almost $400. It has 
since continued its work by annual contribution, and has 
distributed fuel to the value of about $26,000 to October, 
1881. 

THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTIO.N OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS 

was organized April, 1869, with 150 members, and has 



750 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



done a good work with other associations, in correcting 
all abuses coming within the statute, and is still at work. 

SUNDRY ASSOCIATIONS AND SECRET ORDERS.* 

The Bangor Female Charitable Society was organized 
in 1820; the Corban Society, in 1825; Bangor Band, 
1859; St. John's Band, 1877; Bangor Horticultural So- 
ciety, 1868; Bangor Art Association, 1875. 

Masonic. — Rising Virtue Lodge, No. 10, organized in 
Hampden, September 16, 1802; Elisha Skinner, first 
Master. In 1808 it was removed to Bangor. Mount 
Moriah Chapter, R. A. M., No. 7, was chartered January 
18, 1827. Bangor Council of Royal and Select Masons, 
No. 5, chartered June 28, 1848. St. John's Comman- 
dery, Knights Templars, chartered September 17, 1850. 
St. Andrew's Lodge, No. 83, chartered February 6, 1856. 
DeBouillon Conclave, No. 2, Knights of the Red Cross of 
Constantine, instituted May 5, 1S75. 

I. O. O. F. — Katahdm Encampment, No. 4, chartered 
September, 1844; Penobscot Lodge, No. 7, organized 
February 15, 1844. Oriental Lodge, No. 60, organized 
1851. 

Knights of Pythias. — Norombega Lodge, No. 5, or- 
ganized April 24, 1872. 

Royal Arcanum. — Bangor Council, No. 123, instituted 
July 18, 1878. 

Knights of Honor. — Bayard Lodge, No. 294, instituted 
May 31, 1876. 

The Hibernian Mutual Benevolent .\ssociation was 
organized February 24, 1867. 

* From tlie notes of Mr. E. F. Duren. 



CHAPTER XXXV. 

THE WATER WORKS.' 

Legislative Authority — Act .Accepted Ijy tlie I'eople — The First Board 
of Water Commissioners — Report of the Engineer — Report of the 
Board — Estimates — Contract with the Holly Manufacturing Com- 
pany — Location at Treat's Falls — The Work Begun — Progress to 
January i8, 1876 — To January i, 1877 — Completion of the Works — 
Operations of 1877-78 — Of 1879-80 — Of i88o-8i. 

The act of Legislature, for supplying the city of Ban- 
gor with water, was approved by Governor Dingley Feb- 
ruary 22, 1875. ^'s first section provides that "the city 
of Bangor is hereby authorized to take, hold, and convey 
into, about, and through the city of Bangor, from any 
point in Penobscot River that may be deemed expedient, 
between the foot of Treat's Falls, in Bangor, and the head 
of McMahon's Falls, in Veazie, water sufficient for the 
use of said city and the inhabitants thereof, for the ex- 
tinguishment of fires, domestic uses, and creating steam; 
and may flow, take, and hold, by purchase or otherwise, 

* Important aid has been derived in the preparation of this sketch 
from the documentary History of the Bangor Water-works, published 
by the Water Board in 1877. 



any lands or real estate for laying and maintaining aque- 
ducts or pipes for conducting, discharging, dis])osing of, 
and distributing water, and for constructing and maintain- 
ing reservoirs, dams, and such other works as may be 
deemed necessary or proper for raising, forcing, retain- 
ing, distributing, discharging, or disposing of said water, 
and for the erection ot any works for said purposes, and 
for sinking wells or making excavations for the filtration 
of water." 

By the amendments of 1876 the clause in this section 
reading "for the extinguishment of fires, domestic uses, 
and creating steam," was struck out, and the words, "for 
all municipal and domestic uses," were inserted. 

The city is authorized to erect and maintain a dam 
across the river of not more than twelve feet high above 
mean high tide, for the retention of water for these speci- 
fied purposes. Bonded or script indebtedness of the 
city might be created, for the exercise of the powers 
granted by the act, to the amount of $350,000 ; any 
bonds issued to be made payable in thirty years from 
their date, with interest at six per cent, per annum, pay- 
able semi-annually. The provisions of the act, so far as 
the water-service is concerned, might be extended to the 
i town of Brewer, with the assent of its inhabitants at any 
legally called meeting. 

March 8 of the same year, at the regular annual mu- 
nicipal election in Bangor, the provisions of the act were 
accepted by the people by a vote of 2,776 yeas to 79 
nays. Eight days thereafter, at the request of the Water 
Board, $1,000 were appropriated at a special meeting of 
the City Council for a preliminary survey of the site ])ro- 
posed in the act for the location of the water-works. 

Messrs. George Stetson, Gorhain L. Boynton, and 
Luther H. Eaton, had been designated in the act as the 
original Board of Water Commissioners, to hold office 
respectively, in the order named, three, four, and five 
years. On the 4th of May, 1875, however, Mr. Boynton 
resigned in a modest note, and the City Council unani- 
mously chose Mr. William T. Pearson to fill the vacancy. 

Mr. Eaton, of the Board, was designated as the Engi- 
neer of the works. On the 17th of March, with a suffi- 
cient corps of assistants and laborers, he began the pre- 
liminary survey contemplated by the action of the 
Common Council the day before; and in his first report 
to the Board, submitted June 3, he said: 

These e.xaminations embraced five separate and distinct points, 
namely: At Treat's Falls; at Spratt's Point, so called; at Webster's 
Point; at Howard's Ledge, and at the Orcutt Pitch, so called. The 
three first were made thoroughly, embracing quite a large area of the 
river bottom; the two last to a more limited extent. The results of 
these surveys have been presented to you in the form of plan and pro- 
files for your consideration. An examination by a line of proved 
levels was made of the height of the apron of the Veazie mills 
above mean high tide at Webster's Point, and was found to be twelve 
feet and three inches. The height of mean tides may be found, upon 
a moie extended observation, to vary somewhat from that assumed at 
this time; but not largely. The height of the water in the mill pond 
was found to be twenty-four feet above mean high tides; this was previ- 
ous to any rise having taken place in the river from spring rains or 
melting snows. The height of the track of the European & North 
.American Railway, at Webster's Point, was found to be seventeen feet 
and four inches; at Treat's Falls, nineteen feet and four inches above 
the mean high tides. The elevation of Mount Hope Cemetery, near 
the -Soldiers' Monument, was found to be thirty-seven feet, and the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



751 



traveled road in Brewer, across the flats, from eighteen feet and nine 
inches to twenty-three feet above mean high tides, with but a short dis- 
tance of tlie lowest elevation; not taking into consideration a distance 
of about one hundred feet, where a small brook crosses— in that it was 
found to average about ten feet. 

In view of these ascertained facts, it is the opmion of your engineer 
that a dam may be erected eight feet above the indicated mean high 
tide, without sensibly injuring the power at the X'eazie mills, or flowing 
to an injurious extent the land of projirietors upon the river above the 
dam. 

His report w.ns in favor of Webster's Point as present- 
ing "the best jihysical features for a site for a dam." 
Twenty-three and three-fourths acres of land would there 
be available for further development of the works and 
water-power, against thirteen and one-fourth at Treat's 
Falls or Spratt's Point. He thought that the dan) could 
be erected here, with head gates, sluice, and fishway, and 
race-way for pumping house, complete, for $150,000. 

.\t the same date — June 3, 1865 — the Water Board re- 
ported to the City Council, giving also their opinion that 
"the site at the Webster farm is the most eligible." The 
President of the Holly Manufacturing Company, at 
Lockport, New York, and Mr. Holly himself, added their 
judgment in favor of this site. This company offered to 
construct and furnish everything necessary for the intro- 
duction of the water into the city, except the dam or 
power for working the pumps, for $195,000; and on the 
15th of July a contract was closed with it for buildings, 
machinery, piping, etc., in accordance with a resolve 
passed June 30, expressing as "the sense of the City 
Coun< il of Bangor, that the Water Commissioners pro- 
ceed at once to contract for a system of water works, and 
also for the erection of a dam, not to exceed twelve feet 
above mean high tide, and do all other things necessary 
to be done for the purpose of supplying the city with 
water for municipal purposes.'' 

Colonel J. T. Fanning, an hydraulic engineer, who 
had been employed to put in the water-works at Man- 
chester, New Hampshire, was engaged to assist Engineer 
Eaton in making plans and estimates; "and his practical 
experience," says the Board in its first report, "was of 
great service in making an estimate of the expense and 
for laying the pipes, etc." Mr, turnery, a practical builder 
of dams, and constructor of those at Waterville and 
Augusta, was induced to come to Bangor and submit his 
opinion of the best method of constructing the dam 
here, and estimate of the expense. The wooden dam 
constructed by him at Waterville was personally inspect- 
ed by one of the Board. .\ majority of the Board, ac- 
companied by one of the Aldermen of the city, subse- 
quently made a tour of inspection to the water-works of 
a number of the Eastern cities — specially, it would seem, 
to compare the two systems of sujjply, by gravitation and 
by direct force, as in the Holly system. Their decision 
was reported June 30, in favor of the latter. 

Colonel Fanning's estimate of the cost of introduction 
of the water, through about seventeen miles of main and 
street-piping, but not including the dam or power to 
operate the pumps, was $270,000. Mr. Eaton estimated 
the cost of dam, shore connections, wing-dams, head- 
gates, flumes, and fish-ways, at $150,000; Mr. Emery of 
the dam alone at $85,050.97. Both plans contemplated 



a dam built of timber, filled entirely with stones, making 
a solid mass of timber and stone, with boiler-plate iron 
on top for protection against ice and other drift, and 
constructed in a most thorough manner for strength and 
durability, having stone and masonry at the shore con- 
nections, where exposed to decay. The Board accord- 
ingly reported the entire first cost of the works as likely 
to reach $450,000. It was further estimated that the 
average annual receipts from water-rates the first four 
years would be $27,931.68, or 6.2 per cent, upon the 
total cost of construction. 

In preparation for the beginning of the work, the 
Water Power Company already existing in Bangor agreed 
to transfer its franchise to the city, and the owners of a 
large part of the shores and adjacent grounds on both 
sides of the river near the proposed site of the dam, 
made a donation of all necessary lands and shores that 
might be re(iuired for the works or tor the sites of mills 
and manufactories at the dam. 

June 5, 1875, another appropriation was made by the 
City Council, of $1,000 for the further prosecution of 
the survey, and a loan of the city's credit to the amount 
of $350,000 — all that was allowed by the act — was 
authorized. 

It was finally determined to adopt the site at Treat's 
Falls, which is nearer to the city than Webster's Point, 
allowing some economy in the use of main-pipe, and pro- 
viding, it was thought, a better site for a pumi)ing-house. 
Operations in preparation for the site of the buildings 
were here begun promptly by the Holly Company, and a 
contract was made with a Philadelphia house for the full 
amount of pipe required. This was delayed in manufact- 
ure and transmission, and did not arrive until late in 
November. Upon arrival of the first cargo, trenching 
and pipe-laying in the streets were begun. The verbal 
pledges of the company that Bangor laborers would be 
employed, were faithfully kept, as also all written parts 
of the contract. 

By the iSth of January, 1876, 76,672 feet of main and 
smaller pipe had been laid, leaving but 279 feet under 
the contract to be put down. An additional order had 
been given the company, however, for 14,450 feet of 
pipe, of which 11,349 had been laid, or 88,021 (over six- 
teen and three-fifths miles) in all. The whole contract 
amount would have been laid before the ground froze 
hard, bad the pipe been delivered by the time agreed in 
Philadelphia — the 15th of October. 

About one-half of the dam had been finished, except 
gravelling. The shore approaches, constructed of heavy 
stone masonry, were nearly finished on both sides of the 
river. .Vnolher dam-builder, William .\. P. Richardson, 
of Turner's Falls, .Massachusetts, had been engaged upon 
this work from the beginning, to much advantage. The 
entire length of the dam was to give nine hundred feet of 
over-fall, with a sluice or roll-way for the passage of boats, 
rafts, logs, or other lumber, as required by the act of the 
Legislature. 

The works were sufficiently advanced to be in full op- 
peration night and day, with four plunge-pumps. They 
were so far operated by steam, awaiting the use of the 



752 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



water-wheels. The Board had received $287,001, of 
which $285,000 were realized by the sale of the city 
bonds; and had expended $274,648.47, of which $180,- 
036.72 had been paid to the Holly Company. The 
Board reported an additional estimate of $50,000 for 
necessary parts of the work, making the total cost half a 
million of dollars. 

In accordance with this and other recommendations of 
the Board, an act was procured at the pending session of 
the Legislature (approved February 11, 1876) to amend 
the act of 1875, and accepted by the people by a vote of 
2,449 to 129. It authorized the raising of $500,000 upon 
the credit of the city, for the purposes of the works, and 
made other important changes, including the limitation 
of the term of service of the original Board of Commis- 
sioners to the ist of January, 1877. At that time Messrs. 
Stetson, Pearson, and Eaton made their final report, in 
which they say : 

The works contemplated at the outset, viz., the supplying of the city 
with water through a series of pipes by means of direct pumping, has 
been accomphshed. and tested to a strain on the entire system e ual to 
a gr.ivitation pressure of four hundred and sixty feet in height, and has 
now' been in operation for a year, driven by the steam engine purchased 
of the Holly Manufacturing Company as a reserve in case of accident 
to the water-wheels, or that from clogging with anchor ice they may 
be rendered temporarily inefficient. The dam has been completed, 
with the exception of the fishway now in process of construction on the 
Brewer end; this will require some six weeks more to complete. The 
sluice or roll-way provided for the passage of rafts and lumber was 
found from defective plan to work badly, and in the high freshet of last 
fall was injured to such an extent that it has been found necessary to 
reconstruct a large portion of it. This work is now about to be com- 
menced, and it is hoped that the repairs will be completed before the 
rise of the river consequent upon the spring rains. The Board of Com- 
missioners found themselves unable to agree upon the proper manner to 
construct this roll-way, and called to aid them at arriving at the best 
plan upon which to build it. such of our citizens and others as were 
supposed to have practical knowledge of sluices, mainly lumber mer- 
chants, millmen, and raftsmen, together with the master workman upon 
the dam ; and after listening to various propositions, instructed the 
master workman or dam builder to construct the roll-way as in his 
judgment, after giving due consideration to the various suggestions of 
the persons consulted, would best serve the purpose for which it was 
intended. This resulted as above stated, unsatisfactorily. 

The fish-way is being built on plans furnished by the State Com- 
missioners under authority vested in them by the statutes of the State, 
and is believed to be well adapted to the very important interest it is in- 
tended to subserve. The expense of the structure has been very ma- 
terially increased in consequence of being obliged to construct it at the 
inclement season of the year in which it is being built, resulting in a 
large degree from delays forced upon the Board of Commissioners by 
action of parties beyond their control, delaying the resumption of work 
upon the dam some four to six weeks after the proper season has ar- 
rived to recommence: since the resumption of the work it has been 
pushed vigorously with all the force that could be economically em- 
ployed. 

The pump-room is now being prepared for heating by steam, which 
will be accomplished in a few days, when the use of steam as a motor 
will be dispensed with, and the water wheels, which are now ready, will 
be used instead: a low pressure of steam will be maintained upon one 
of the boilers sufficient for heating purposes only. 

The capacity of the cylinder pumps is three million gallons in twenty- 
four hours, though they may be driven to a much larger performance 
than that in case of exceptional demand for water. The capacity of the 
rotary is sixteen gallons per revolution, and with the wheels running at 
a rate of speed to supply with the cyhnder pumps three million gallons 
per day, this would give about two million five hundred thousand gal- 
lons in twenty-four hours adduional, or in other words it has a capacity 
of about five-sixths of the cylinder pumps. 

The pressure maintained at the pumps when the wheels are attached 
will be ordinarily one hundred and ten pounds per square inch, which is 
sufficient for domestic service upon the highest ground in the city, and 



affords abundant pressure for fire purposes in the lower and business 
poitions of the city. There has been found no lack of power at any 
time to meet the sudden emergencies from fires; and in no instance has 
fire been allowed to spread from the building in which it has taken, and 
in only one instance has a building been burned to the ground. . . 

The filter, originally designed to be a single chamber fifteen feet "wide 
by one hundred and fifty feet long, was enlarged to one of two cham- 
bers, each twelve and one-half feet wide by one hundred and fifty feet 
long, with a separate room for section chamber of twelve and one-half 
feet wide by forty feet long, and so arranged that one chamber may be 
closed and drained for cleansing, leaving the other in service: so that 
there need be no resort to unfiltered water. This entailed an additional 
expense of about $3,000. 

The dwelling, which is being finished off over the machinery-room of the 
wheel-house, for the occupancy of the engineer and his assistant, w ill be 
ready to be occupied about the ist of .April, and will afford a commodi- 
ous tenement. 

The original contract with the Holly Company for 
piping had been much enlarged, and pipes had also been 
laid by the Commissioners; so 20.541 miles of main- and 
sewer-pipe were now down. Twenty-two more hydrants 
had been set than were in the original plan. The drink- 
ing-fountain had been erected on the southerly approach 
to the post-office, and two other fountains, for man and 
beast, were on hand, but not set. The total cost of the 
work so far was $447,022.66, of which the Holly Com- 
pany had been paid, upon its contract and for extra serv- 
ice, $196,126.58. It was thought that $40,000 more 
would complete the works. Water-rates to the amount 
of $4,325 had been paid into the city treasury. 

In the official year 1878-79 1,782 feet of mains were 
added to the facilities of the works. Services to the 
number of 1,058 were taken by the people in 1877-78, 
and i,224in 1878-79. In December, 1878, the dam was 
injured by the ice during a freshet, and an appropriation 
of $8,000 was made the next year to repair it and to build 
a new log-sluice. Only $5,473.28 were expended at the 
time, however. 

In the fiscal year 1879-80 $14,928.65 were realized 
from the water-service, against $13,325.04 the previous 
year. One thousand nine hundred and one feet of main 
pipe had been laid, and one new hydrant set, with twenty- 
five additional services. 

In 1878-79 260,544,130 gallons were pumped during 
the year, being a daily aveiage of 713,819. In 1879-80 
a total of 240,099,860 gallons was pumped, and in 1880- 
81 370,651,782, or an average per day of 1,015,484. On 
some days more than 1,500,000 gallons were used. One 
hundred and ten service-pipes were added the latter year, 
making an aggregate of 1,458, which earned $25,855.87 
to the credit of the works. Two piers and an abutment 
were built this year, at a cost of $974.81. The engines 
of the Maine Central Railroad were now supplied by the 
Holly water. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



753 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 

CIVIL LIST OF BANGOR. 

Officers of tlie City for 1834-35 — For 1835-36— 1836-37— 1837-38— 
—1838-39—1839-40-1840-41—1841-42—1842-43—1843-44—1844- 
45—1845-46 — 1846-47- 1847-48 — 1848-49 — 1849-50—1850-51 — 
1851-52-1852-53-1853-54-1854-55—1855-56—1856-57-1857-58 
—1858-59 — 1859-60-1860-61-1861-62 — 1862-63—1863-64—1864- 
65—1865-66 — 1866-67 — 1867-68 — 1868-69— 1869-70 — 1870-71 — 
1871-72— 1872-73— 1873-74— 1874-75— 1875-76— 1876-77— 1877-78 
—1878-79— 1879-80— 1880-81—1881-82— .\ List of Mayors— Post- 
iiListers of Bangor — Collectors of Customs. 

The following is a complete, and it is believed an 
accurate roll of the chief officers of the city, from the 
date of its incorporation to the present time. We are 
indebted for the material portions of it to a compilation 
])ublished by the city in a neat pamphlet in 1881. 

1834-35. Mayor, Allen Gilman. .Aldermen: Asa 
Davis, Moses Patten, Samuel Call, John Wilkins, John 
Fiske, John Brown, Frederick Wingate; City Clerk, 
Charles Rice. Common Council: President, Solomon 
Parsons; Clerk, John S. Sayward; \Vard i, .Abner Taylor, 
Anthony Woodward, Solomon Parsons; Ward 2, Wiggins 
Hill, Timothy Call, Jonathan C. Taylor; Ward 3, George 
W. Pickering, Samuel Lowder, Elisha H. Allen; AVard4, 
John Legro, Jr., Thomas Finson, Joseph .\bbott; Ward 5, 
George Wellington, Nathan B. Wiggin, Edward Kent; 
Ward 6, Paul R. Barker, Bradford Harlow, Messenger 
Fisher; Ward 7, Eben Frenah, second, Charles G. 
Bryant, P. D. Parsons. James Crosby, Treasurer; Newell 
Bean, Collector; Edward Kent, City Solicitor; Ebenezer 
French, City Marshal; Benjamin Young, Jr., Harbor 
Master. Municipal Court: Charles Stetson, Judge; 
Reuben S. Prescott, P^ecorder. 

1835-36. Mayor, Allen Gilman. .\ldermen: Henry 
Call, Moses Patten, William .\bbott, John Wilkins, John 
Fiske, John Brown, Samuel Veazie; City Clerk, John S. 
Sayward. Common Council: President, Edward Kent; 
Clerk, Charles G. Bryant; \\ard i, Charles Hayes, Jesse 
Wentworth, Rufus K. Gushing; Ward 2, John Barker, 
Jonathan C. Taylor, Timothy Crosby; Ward 3, Henry .\. 
Head, Edmund Dole, Samuel Garnsey; Ward 4, John 
Godfrey, John Sargent, John R. Greenough; Ward 5, 
Nathan B. Wiggin, Edward Kent, Abner R. Hallowell; 
Ward 6, Franklin Muzzy, Bradford Harlow, Horatio 
Beale; Ward 7, Samuel Sylvester, C. H. Forbes, Marcena 
Johnson. James Crosby, Treasurer; John Lancey, Col- 
lector; Edward Kent, City Solicitor; William Emerson, 
Marshal; John Ham, Street Commissioner. 

1836-37. Mayor, Edward Kent. Aldermen: Henry 
Call, Cyrus Goss, William Abbott, Ezra Patten, Nathan 
B. Wiggin, Samuel J. Foster, Preserved B. Mills. 
John S. Sayward, City Clerk. Common Council: 
Charles Hayes, President ; Charles G. Bryant, Clerk ; 
Ward I, Charles Ramsdell, HoUis Bowman, Charles 
Hayes ; Ward 2, Willis Patten, John Meservey, 
Abner Taylor ; Ward 3, .Moses L. Appleton, James 
Perkins, Camillus Kidder; Ward 4, Samuel Wiley, 
Newell Bean, Stevens Davis ; Ward 5, Hayward Peirce, 
Abner R. Hallowell, John Brown; ^^'ard 6, Bradford 
Harlow, Nathan Perry, Ebenezer French ; Ward 7, 
Simon Nowell, Charles H. Shepard, ^'Uliam Lowder. 



Ford Whitman, Treasurer; John Lancey, Collector ; 
William Abbott, City Solicitor ; William Emerson, Mar- 
shal ; John Brown, Street Commissioner. 

1837-38. Mayor, Edward Kent. .Mdermen: Charles 
Hayes, Cyrus Goss, George W. Pickering, John ^Vilkins, 
Nathaniel French, Bradford Harlow, Samuel L. Valen- 
tine. City Clerk, John S. Sayward. Common Council: 
HoUis Bowman, President; William E. P. Rogers, Clerk; 
Ward I, Isaac S. Whitman, Hollis Bowman, Charles 
Cooper; Ward 2, Joseph Kendrick, Camillus Kidder, 
Benjamin Tainler ; Ward 3, John A. Poor, Richard Con- 
don, CJamaliel Marchant ; Ward 4, John Godfrey, John 
R. Greenough, Thomas Finson ; Ward 3, .\ndrew W. 
Hasey, Henry Little, Robert Boyd ; Ward 6, Nathan 
Perry, Ebenezer French, Caleb B. Holmes ; Ward 7, 
John Short, Samuel Thatcher, Jr., Nathaniel Lord. 
John Wilkins, Treasurer ; John Lancey, Collector ; Wil- 
liam .Abbott, City Solicitor ; William Emerson, second, 
^L^rshal ; Richard Condon, Street Commissioner ; Pres- 
cott P. Holden, Harbor Master. 

1838-39. Mayor, Rufus Dwinel. .\ldermen: Charles 
Hayes, Camillus Kidder, Warren Preston, John R. 
Greenough, Nathaniel French, Bradford Harlow, Fred- 
erick Hobbs. City Clerk, John S. Sayward. Common 
Council: William Payne, President; William E. P. 
Rogers, Clerk ; Ward r, Charles Cooper, Cyrus Arnold, 
Theophilus B. Thompson; Ward 2, Joseph Kendrick, 
Augustus J. Brown, George Savage; Ward 3, Charles 
Brown, William Bartlett, Jr., William H. Foster; Ward 
4, Nathaniel Hatch, Richard Condon, Benjamin Young; 
Ward 5, Henry Little, Timothy H. Morse, William 
Paine; Ward 6, Ebenezer French, Caleb B. Holmes, 
Nathan Perry; Ward 7, Nahum Warren, William P. 
Wingate, Benjamin S. Dean. Nathaniel Lord, Treas- 
urer; Hollis Bowman, Collector; William Paine, City 
Solicitor; \\'illiam Emerson, second. Marshal; Richard 
Condon, Street Commissioner; Prescott P. Holden, 
Harbor Master. 

1839-40. Mayor, J. Wingate Carr. .Aldermen: 
James Crosby, Cyrus (ioss, Peleg Chandler, John Wil- 
kins, Paul R. Barker, Bradford Barlow, Samuel L. Val- 
entine. City Clerk, John S. Sayward. Common Coun- 
cil: Isaac S. Whitman, President; William E. P. Rog- 
ers, Clerk; Ward i, Samuel Veazie, Isaac S. Whitman, 
Preserved B. .Mills; Ward 2, Jefferson Gushing, Walter 
Brown, Albert Holton; Ward 3, William H. Foster, 
George Fitts, David Hill; Ward 4, Samuel H. Dale, 
Samuel Morison, Theodore S. Brown; Ward 5, Nathan 
B. Wiggin, John McLaughlin, Eleazer C. Baker; Ward 
6, Nathan Perry, Henry Lovejoy, Daniel Stone; \Vard 7, 
William P. Wingate, Matthew S. Randall, Prescott P. 
Holden. Nathaniel Lord, Treasurer; Hollis IJowman, 
Collector; Jonas Cutting, City Solicitor; Samuel Nelson, 
Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; P. 
P. Holden, Harbor .\Laster. 

1840-41. Mayor, J. Wingate Carr. Aldermen: James 
Crosby, William Emerson, David Perham, John Wilkins, 
Toshua W. Hathaway, Bradford Harlow, George Wheel- 
wright. John S. Sayward, City Clerk. Common Coun- 
cil : Isaac S. Whitman, President ; John W. Snow, Clerk; 



754 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



Ward I, Isaac S. Whitman, Cyrus Arnold, Preserved B. 
Mills; Ward 2, Henry Call, Theodore B. Mclntyre, Jo- 
seph Stewart ; ^Vard 3, Henry B. Farnham, Albert Dole, 
David Hill ; Ward 4, Samuel H. Dale, John E. Godfrey, 
Andrew Eveleth ; Ward 5, Eleazer C. Baker, Timothy 
H. Morse, Benjamin C. Campbell ; Ward 6, Nathan 
Perry, Messenger Fisher, Josiah Towle ; Ward 7, Nor- 
man Smith, Samuel P. Dresser, William P. Wingate. 
Isaac S. Whitman, Treasurer ; Hollis Bowman, Collect- 
or ; Jonas Cutting, City Solicitor; Samuel Nelson, Mar- 
shal ; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner ; Samuel 
H. Dale, Harbor Master. 

1841-42. Mayor, Bradford Harlow. .Aldermen: 
James Crosby, Isaac Farrar, David Perham, John Wil- 
kins, Jonas Cutting, Nathan Perry, George Wheelwright. 
John S. Sayward, City Clerk. Common Council : Wil- 
liam Paine, President ; George W. Snow, Clerk ; \V'ard 
I, Isaac S. Whitman, William Paine, John Sargent, Jr.; 
Ward 2, Theodore B. Mclntyre, John Hodgdon, Jeffer- 
son Cushing ; Ward 3, Albert Dole, Henry B. Farnham, 
Samuel F. Fuller ; VVard 4, Andrew Eveleth, Allen 
Haines, Alvin Haynes ; Ward 5, Japheth Gilman, Asa 
Walker, Amos M. Roberts ; Ward 6, Josiah Towle, Mes- 
senger Fisher, William Hammatt ; Ward 7, George A. 
Thatcher, Charles A. Thaxter, Nahum Warren. Gus- 
tavus G. Cushman, Judge Police Court ; Hollis Bow- 
man, Treasurer and Collector ; Jonas Cutting, City So- 
licitor ; Samuel Nelson, Marshal ; William P. Wingate, 
Street Commissioner; Samuel H. Dale, Harbor Master. 

1842-43. Mayor, Bradford Harlow. Aldermen : 
James Crosby, John Hodgdon, David Perham, Alvin 
Haynes, Amos M. Roberts, Nathan Perry, Benjamin S. 
Deane. John S. Sayward, City Clerk. Common Coun- 
cil : Allen Haines, President; George W. Snow, Clerk; 
Ward I, John McLaughlin, James Jenkins, John Sargent, 
Jr.; VVard 2, Joseph Steward, Ivory Small, John Meser- 
V vey; Ward 3, Charles Hayward, Jabez True, John O. 
Kendrick ; Ward 4, Allen Haines, John W. Garnsey, 
Jonas Ames ; Ward 5, AsaAValker, Japheth Cilman, Syl- 
vanus Rich, Jr.; Ward 6, William Hammatt, Joseph Bry- 
ont, Josiah Towle ; Ward 7, William P. Wingate, George 
K. Jewett, Matthew S. Randall. Hollis Bowman, Treas- 
urer and Collector ; Jonas Cutting, City Solicitor ; Sam- 
uel Nelson, Marshal and Harbor Master ; William P. 
Wingate, Street Commissioner. 

1843-44. Mayor, Bradford Harlow. Aldermen : 
James Jenkins, Otis Small, Jacob Drummond, Gorham 
L. Boynton, Amos M. Roberts, Nathan Perry, John S. 
Chadwick. Richard F. Webster, City Clerk. Common 
Council: Charles Stetson, President; George W. Snow, 
Clerk ; Ward i, Nathaniel Lord, Robert R. Haskins, 
Preserved B. Mills; Ward 2, John Meservey, George W. 
Cummings, George W. Ingcrsoll ; Ward 3, Charles Hay- 
ward, John True, Benjamin Swett ; Ward 4, Alvah Os- 
good, Alvin Haynes, Samuel Wiley ; Ward 5, Sylvanus 
Rich, Jr., Samuel P. Strickland, Charles Stetson; Ward 
6, William Hammatt, Ebenezer T. Fox, Ansel Leighton ; 
Ward 7, William P. Wingate, George K. Jewett, Mark 
Trafton. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Collector ; 
John Appleton, City Solicitor ; Edmund Holt, Marshal ; 



William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Israel Snow, 
Health Officer and Harbor Master. 

1844-45. Mayor, Jacob Drummond. Aldermen: 
George W. Ingersoll, William Emerson, Charles Hay- 
ward, Solomon Parsons, Sylvanus W. Robinson, Joseph 
Bryant, Benjamin S. Deane. Richard F. Webster, City 
Clerk. Common Council : John S. Sayward, President; 
George AV. Snow, Clerk; Ward i, Nathaniel Lord, Wil- 
liam S. Mitchell, Robert R. Haskins; Ward 2, Albert 
Holton, George Savage, William A. Blake; Ward 3, Jo- 
seph W. Boynton, Henry V. Poor, John Decrow; Ward 

4, Jonas Ames, Hastings Strickland, Alvin Haynes; Ward 

5, Sylvanus Rich, Jr., Ezra Jewell, John M. Lander ; 
Ward 6, John S. Sayward, Thomas Drew, James R. Ma- 
comber; Ward 7, Matthew S. Randall, Prescott P. Hol- 
den, Asa Walker. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Col- 
lector; George W. Ingersoll, City Solicitor; Simon F. 
Walker, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commis- 
sioner; Israel Snow, Health Officer and Harbor Master. 

1845-46. Mayor, Joseph Bryant. Aldermen: Sam- 
uel Veazie, William A. Blake, George Fitts, Francis M. 
Sabine, Alexander Drummond, Ebenezer T. Fox, Ben- 
jamin S. Deane ; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Com- 
mon Council: John S. Sayward, President; George 
Perry, Clerk; Ward i, William Paine, William S. Mitch- 
ell, Samuel Hyde; Ward 2, Jonathan S. Cushing, George 
W. Savage, Silas C. Hatch ; Ward 3, Joseph W. Boyn- 
ton, William H. Mills, Henry V. Poor; Ward 4, James 
Smith, John Legro, Arthur M. Higgins; Ward 5, Thomas 
H. Sanford, Hiram Jones, Robert R. Haskins; Ward 6. 
James R. Macomber, Elijah Low, Jr., John S. Sayward; 
Ward 7, Nahum Warren, Asa Walker, Frederick H. 
Dillingham. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Collector; 
Albert G. Wakefield City Solicitor; Simon F. Walker, 
Marshal, Health Ofificer, and Harbor Master; William 
P. Wingate, Street Commissioner. 

1846-47. Mayor, Joseph Bryant. Aldermen: James 
Crosby, William A. Blake, Albert Dole, Alvin Haynes, 
Alexander Drummond, Ebenezer T. Fox, Nahum War- 
ren; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council : 
Samuel P. Strickland, President; George Perry, Clerk ; 
Ward I, William S. Mitchell, John Short, John M. Fos- 
ter; Ward 2, Silas C. Hatch, George W. Savage, Lemuel 
Bradford; Ward 3, Joseph W. Boynton, John McDonald, 
William H. Mills; Ward 4, Amos Jones, Arthur M. Hig- 
gins, Allen Haines; Ward 5, Sylvanus Rich, Jr., Thomas 
H. Sanford, Lewis Hancock; Ward 6, James R. Macom- 
ber, Waldo T. Pierce, Ichabod E. Leighton ; Ward 7, 
Marcus Ricker, John Hooper, Erastus S. Deane. Hollis 
Bowman, Treasurer and Solicitor; Albert G. Wakefield, 
City Solicitor; Simon F. Walker, Marshal and Health 
Officer; George W. Savage, Street Commissioner; Israel 
Snow, Harbor Master. 

1847-48. Mayor, Charles Hayward. Aldermen : 
James Crosby, William A. Blake, John McDonald, 
George Wellington, John S. Sayward, James R. Macom- 
ber, Nahum Warren; George W. Snow, City Clerk. 
Common Council: Samuel P. Strickland, President; 
George Perry, Clerk; Ward i, William S. Mitchell, John 
E. Godfrey, William P. Wingate; Ward 2, Oliver Frost, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



7SS 



Ebenezer W. Elder, Silas C. Hatch ; Ward 3, Jewett N. 
Boynton, Ivory Small, Samuel F. Fuller; Ward 4, Rob- 
ert Boynton, Amos Jones, John R. Greenough; Wards, 
Lewis Hancock, Philip H. Coombs, Samuel P. Strick- 
land; Ward 6, Rufus Prince, Ansel Leighton, Sidney 
Thaxter; Ward 7, Ephraim Moore, Reuben Hathorn, 
Sewall Chapman. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Col- 
lector; Albert G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Albert G. 
Hunt, Marshal and Health Officer; William P. Wingate, 
Street Commissioner; Ebenezer W. Elder, Harbor 
Master. 

1848-49. Mayor, William Abbott. Aldermen : Wil- 
liam P. Wingate, Hollis Bowman, William H. Mills, 
Abraham Sanborn, Amos M. Roberts, Edward Kent, 
Amos Clement; (leorge W. Snow, City Clerk. Common 
Council: Solomon Parsons, President; George Perry, 
I Clerk; Ward i, John E. Godfrey, Benjamin S. Deane, 
' Prescott P. Holden; Ward 2, Albert Emerson, Solomon 
Parsons, William H. Taylor; Ward 3, Richard Potter, 
Jason Cummings, Albion P. Bradbury; Ward 4, Albert 
Noyes, Edward E. Upham, Thomas Jenness; Ward 5, 
Lewis Hancock, Henry E. Prentiss, George W. Ladd; 
Ward 6, Rufus Prince, Nathaniel H. Dillingham, George 
W. Gjrhara; Ward 7, Marcus Ricker, Samuel L. Valent- 
ine, Robert Parker. Isaac W. Patten, Treasurer and 
Collector; John A. Peters, City Solictor; Henry B. 
Farnham, Marshal; \Villiam P. Wingate, Street Commis- 
sioner; John \V. Garnsey, Harbor Master. 

1849-50. Mayor, William Abbott*. — William H. 
Mills. Aldermen: William P. Wingate, Hollis Bowman, 
William H. Mills — S. Paine, Abraham Sanborn, J. Win- 
gate Carr, Preserved B. Mills, James J\L Thompson; 
George \V. Snow, City Clerk, ('omnion Council: Lewis 
Hancock, President; George Perry, Clerk; Ward i, 
Benjamin S. Deane, Prescott P. Holden, Frederick H. 
Dillingham; Ward 2, Albert iMiierson, Jonathan C. 
Taylor, Paul Varney ; Ward 3, Richard Potter, Albion 
P. Bradbury, Jason Cummings; Ward 4, Henry Hill, 
Jonas Ames, George \\'elhngton; Ward 5, Lewis Han- 
cock, Ebenezer Trask, Joel D. Thompson; Ward 6, 
William Boyd, George Reynolds, Cyrus Brown — C. Ar- 
nold ; Ward 7, Andrew Webster, Ira Linnell, Paul Ham. 
Nathaniel H. Dillingham, Treasurer and Collector; John 
A. Peters, City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal 
and Health Officer; William P. Wingate, Street Com- 
missioner; Israel Snow, Harbor Master. 

1850-51. Mayor, William H. Mills. Aldermen: 
Samuel Veazie, Albert Emerson, Seth Paine, Heniy Hill, 
Frederick Hobbs, John Low, William Lowder ; (leorge 
W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Ebenezer 
Trask, President; George Perry, Clerk; Ward i, Fred- 
erick H. Dillingham, Edmund Pearson, John S. Ricker; 
Ward 2, Silas C. Hatch, Ichabod D. Bartlett, George 
Savage, Jr.; Ward 3, George A. Fairfield, \\'illiam Arnold, 
Benjamin G. Shaw; Ward 4, Harrison G. O. Morison, 
Jonas Ames, Ralph C. Eveleth; Ward 5, Ebenezer 
Trask, Joel D. Thompson, Charles Sawtelle; Ward 6, 
George W. Gorham, James Littlefield, George W. Mer- 

* Mr. Abbott died August 27, 1849, and William H, Mills elected to 
fill vacancy. 



rill; Ward 7, Sewall Chapman, Matthew S. Randall, 
Andrew Webster. Nathaniel H. Dillingham, Treasurer 
and Collector; Daniel T. Jewett, City Solicitor; Henry 
B. Farnham, ^^arshal and Health Officer; John Ham, 
Street Commissioner ; Israel Snow, Harbor Master. 

1851-52. Mayor, Elijah L. Hamlin. Aldermen: 
Samuel Veazie, Albert Emerson, Seth Paine, Henry Hill, 
Ebenezer Trask, John Low, Nahum Warren; George W. 
Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Silas C. Hatch, 
President; Henry Call, Clerk; Ward i, John S. Ricker, 
Edmund Pearson, William S. Dennett; Ward 2, Silas C. 
Hatch, Ichabod I). Bartlett, George Savage, Jr.; Ward 3, 
George A. Fairfield, Reuben S. Prescott, Henry A. 
Wood ; Ward 4, Harrison G. O. Morison, Albert Noyes, 
Joseph H. Hallett ; Ward 5, Cleorge K. Jewett, Simon 
V. Bradbury, Charles Sawtelle; Ward 6, George W. 
Merrill, James Littlefield, Cyrus Arnold; Ward 7, Mat- 
thew S. Randall, John Pratt, Robert Parker. N. H. Dill- 
ingham, Treasurer and Collector; Albert G. Wakefield, 
City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; John Ham, 
Street Commissioner ; Isaac M. Bragg, Harbor Master. 

1852-53. Mayor, Elijah L. Hamlin. Aldermen: 
Josiah Towle, Silas C. Hatch, George A. Fairfield, John 
Williams, Geoige K. Jewett, Aaron A. Wing, Matthew 
S. Randall; (ieorge W. Snow, City Clerk. Common 
Council: Preserved B. Mills, President; Henry Call, 
Clerk; Ward i, John T. K. Hay ward, Israel B. Norcross, 
Samuel F. Brown ; \\'ard 2, Isaac W. Patten, Lemuel 
Bradford, George W. Savage; Ward 3, Samuel F. Fuller, 
William C. Crosby, George R. Smith; Ward 4, Joseph 
H. Hallett, Albert Noyes, Samuel B. Morison; Ward 5, 
Joseph S. Wheelwright, John M. Lord, Simon P. Brad- 
bury; Ward 6, Samuel P. Strickland, Preserved B. Mills, 
Joseph W. Humphrey; Ward 7, Henry H. Norcross, John 
Pratt, Samuel P. Dresser; N. H. Dillingham, Treasurer 
and Collector : A. G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Henry 

B. Farnham, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Com- 
missioner; John Decrow, Harbor Master. 

1853-54. Mayor, George W. Pickering. Aldermen: 
Israel IS. Norcross, Silas C. Hatch, George A. F'airfield, 
Samuel Farrar, George K. Jewett, Lewis Hancock, Na- 
hum Warren; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common 
Council: William C. Crosby, President; Henry Call, 
Clerk; Ward i, Charles S. Crosby, Elisha Ayer, John J. 
Wingate; Ward 2, Isaac W. Patten, George W. Savage, 
Lemuel Bradford; Ward 3, William C. Crosby, William 
Cutter, William Crowell; Ward 4, Paul Varney, Benja- 
min F. Wiley, Joseph H. Hallett; Ward 5, Joseph S. 
U'heeUvright, John M. Lord, John S. Ayer; Ward 6, 
Ebenezer T. Fox, Joseph W. Humphrey, Samuel P. 
Strickland; Ward 7, Plinny D. Parsons, Hiram Ford, 
I'homas O. Additon; W. H. Dillingham, Treasurer and 
Collector; Jonas Cutting, City Solicitor; H. B. Farnham, 
Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; John 
Decrow, Harbor Master. 

1854-55. Mayor, George W. Pickering. Aldermen: 
Israel B. Norcross, Isaac W. Patten, Albert Dole, Silas 

C. Hatch, Ebenezer Trask, Joseph W. Humphrey, John 
M. Lord ; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common 
Council ; John E. Godfrey, President ; Samuel F. Hum- 



VS5 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



phrey, Clerk ; Ward i, Albert Titcomb, John J. Wingate, 
John Wyman ; Ward 2, Francis J. Cummings, William 
H. Brown, Ichabod D. Bartlett ; Ward 3, William Crow- 
ell, Reuben S. Prescott, Ivory Small; Ward 4, Samuel B. 
Morison, Benjamin F. Wiley, Paul Varney; Ward 5, 
Martin Mower, John S. Sayward, Joseph R. Lumbert; 
Ward 6, John E. Godfrey, Ansel Leighton, Hiram B. 
Stewart; Ward 7, Albert G. Wakefield, Michael Schwartz, 
Samuel H. Boardman,* Jewett N. Boynton; N. H. Dil- 
lingham, Treasurer and Collector ; A. G. Wakefield, City 
Solicitor; Samuel H. Boardman, Marshal ; William P. 
Wingate, Street Commissioner; Thomas A. Harlow, 
Harbor Master. 

1855-56. Mayor. John T. K. Hayward. Aldermen : 
John S. Ricker, Isaac W. Patten, Ivory Small, Thomas 
W. Baldwin, Walter Brown, Alexander Drummond, John 
Lord; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council : 
George R. Smith, President ; Samuel F. Humphrey, 
Clerk; Ward i, John J. Wingate, Frederick F. French, 
William H. Bishop ; Ward 2, Ichabod D. Bartlett, Fran- 
cis J. Cummings, Lemuel Bradford; U'ard 3, Sweden S. 
Patten, William Crowell, George R. Smith ; Ward 4, 
Jonathan R. Finson, Matthias E. Rice, John C. Flint ; 
Ward 5, John S. Sayward, Reuben Bagley, Arad Thomp- 
son ; Ward 6, Samuel P. Strickland, Hiram B. Stewart, 
Ansel Leighton ; Ward 7, Richard G. Hinman, David 
Gurney, John S. Ricker. N. H. Dillingham, Treasurer 
and Collector; A. G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Philip 
Weaver, Marshal; William P. AVingate, Street Commis- 
sioner ; Thomas A. Harlow, Harbor Master. 

1856-57. Mayor, Hollis Bowman. Aldermen : John 
S. Ricker, Isaac W. Patten, Franklin Muzzy, Silas C. 
Hatch, George K. Jewett, Joseph W. Humphrey, John 
M. Lord. City Clerk, George W. Snow. Common 
Council : Preserved B. Mills, President ; Samuel F. Hum- 
phrey, Clerk. Ward i, Daniel Howard, Phineas Batch- 
elder, Samuel B. Field; Ward 2, Lemuel Bradford, 
George W. Savage, George Palmer ; Ward 3, Jabez True, 
Cyrus Emery, Franklin Rogers ; Ward 4, John S. Chad- 
wick, Samuel B. Morison, Walter R. Blaisdell ; Ward 5, 
Charles Sawtelle, Davis R. Stockwell, Elijah \\^ Hasey ; 
Ward 6, Preserved B. Mills, Llewellyn J. Morse, I'homas 
Cowan ; Ward 7, Michael Schwartz, Isaac R. Clark, 
Richard G. Hinman. N. H. Dillingham, Treasurer and 
Collector; Asa Waterhouse, City Solicitor; Henry B. 
Famham, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commis- 
sioner; Thomas A. Harlow, Harbor Master. 

1857-58. Mayor, Hollis Bowman. Aldermen: Daniel 
M. Howard, Lemuel Bradford, Oliver H. Ingalls, John S. 
Chadwlck, Isaiah Stetson, Joseph W. Humphrey, Isaac 
R. Clark ; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common 
Council : Samuel B. Morison, President ; Samuel F. 
Humphrey, Clerk; Ward i, Phineas Batchelder, Pres- 
cott P. Holden, Charles Durham; Ward 2, Charles 
Davis, Joseph Bartlett, Thomas C. Farris; Ward 3, Thom- 
as A. Taylor, Joseph W. Low, Amherst Alden; Ward 4, 
Samuel B. Morison, Edward M. Field, Jonas Ames, Jr.; 
Ward 5, Charles Sawtelle, Mark L. Mills, John B. Fos- 
ter; Ward 6, Preserved B. Mills, Thomas Cowan, Lle- 

' Resigned in April, and J. N. Boynlon elected. 



wellyn J. Morse; Ward 7, Michael Schwartz, Jewett N. 
Boynton, Samuel H. Boardman. N. H. Dillingham, 
Treasurer and Collector; George W. IngersoU, City So- 
licitor; Samuel H. Boardman, Marshal; William P. 
Wingate, Street Commissioner; Moses Morrill, Harbor 
Master. 

1858-59. Mayor, Hollis Bowman. Aldermen: Dan- 
iel M. Howard, William A. Blake, Jabez True, Henry 
Hill, Isaiah Stetson, Ansel Leighton, Albert G. Wake- 
field; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: 
Jonathan Burbank, President; Samuel F. Humphrey, 
Clerk; Ward i, Prescott P. Holden, Nehemiah H. Col- 
ton, Israel B. Norcross; Ward 2, Zaccheus P. Estes, 
John T. Tewksbury, Isaac W. Patten; Ward 3, Jacob A. 
Smith, Joseph F. Hall, Eleazer Crowell; Ward 4, Ben- 
jamin B. Farnswortb, Henry A. Butler, John M. Lander, 
resigned, Isaac M. Bragg; Ward 5, Jonathan Burbank, 
John B. Carr, Leonard B. Green; Ward 6, Augustus D. 
Manson, George Reynolds, Elijah Clements; Ward 7, 
William S. Baker, William A. Dresser, Joseph M. Hodg- 
kins. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; George W. 
IngersoU, City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; 
William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Moses Mor- 
rill, Harbor Master. 

1 85 9-60. Mayor, Isaiah Stetson. Aldermen: Mar- 
cellus Emery, Ichabod D. Bartlett, Jabez True, Elijah 
L. Hamlin, John B. Foster, Ansel Leighton, Albert G. 
Wakefield; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common 
Council: Jonathan Burbank, President; Samuel F. Hnra- 
phrey, Clerk; Ward i, Prescott P. Holden, Towns Roach, 
Timothy Wall; Ward 2, George W. Savage, Isaac W. 
Patten, Aaron L. Simpson; Ward 3, Eleazer Crowell, 
Isaac Smith, William S. Pattee; Ward 4, Isaac M. Bragg, 
Henry A. Butler, Aaron Hill; Ward 5, John B. Carr, 
Jonathan Burbank, Mark L. Mills; Ward 6, Frederick 
E. Shaw, James Littlefield, Joseph Graves; Ward 7, Wil- 
liam A. Dresser, John L. Hodsdon, William S. Baker. 
Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; George W. Inger- 
sooll. City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; Wil- 
liam P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Moses Morrill, 
Harbor Master. 

1860-61. Mayor, Isaiah Stetson. Aldermen: Israel 
B. Norcross, Ichabod D. Bartlett, William S. Pattee, John 
S. Chadwick, John B. Foster, Ansel Leighton, John L. 
Hodsdon; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common 
Council : Frederick E. Shaw, President ; George H. 
Yeaton, Clerk. Ward i, Prescott P. Holden, Owen 
Moran, Patrick Wall ; Ward 2, George W. Cummings, 
Thomas Gallagher, William T. Pearson ; Ward 3, Isaac 
Small, Edwin B. Jordan, Joseph H. Perkins ; Ward 4, 
John Williams, F. W. Pitcher — S. C. Hatch, Aaron 
Hill ; Ward 5, Ebenezer T. Fox, Henry Rollins, Henry 
Hunt ; Ward 6, Frederic E. Shaw, James Littlefield, 
Joseph Graves ; Ward 7, James H. Bowler, Eber Stew- 
ard, Daniel Webster. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collec- 
tor ; Albert G. Wakefield, City Solicitor ; Henry B. 
Farnham, Marshal ; William P. Wingate, Street Com- 
missioner ; Ephraim R. Lansil, Harbor Master. 

1861-62. Mayor, Isaiah Stetson. Aldermen : Abram 
Woodard, George W. Cummings, William S. Pattee, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



757 



A. W. Paine (resigned), Joseph W. Low,* Charles Saw- 
telle, Ja;iies Littlefield, Eber Stewa; George W. Snow 
City Clerk. Common Council: Ebenezer T. Fox, 
President ; George H. Veaton, Clerk, ^^'ard i, Prescott 
P. Holden, Patrick Wall, Edward Conners ; Ward 2, 
Benjamin H. Mace, George Palmer, John McCann ; 
Ward 3, Joseph S. Patten, Amherst Alden, Oliver H. 
Ingalls ; Ward 4, Thomas J. Witherly, Benjamin H. 
Boardman, Mark Hall; Ward 5, Henry Rollins, Ebene- 
zer T. Fox, William H. Gould ; Ward 6, Silas S. Low, 
Lewis Goodwin, Joseph L. Palmer ; Ward 7, Burleigh 
Pease, Joseph F. Snow, Jonathan C. Lane. Seth Paine, 
Treasurer and Collector ; Fred E. Shaw, City Solicitor ; 
Henry Farnham, Marshal ; Taylor Durgin, Street Com- 
missioner ; Ephraim P. Lansil, Harbor Master. 

1862-63. Mayor, Isaiah Stetson. Aldermen : Abram 
Woodard, HoUis Bowman, Francis M. Sabine, Albert 
Noyes, Arad Thompson, James Littlefield, Eber Steward; 
George \N'. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council : Silas 
C. Hatch, President; George H. Veaton, Clerk. Ward 

1, Supply Dean, Edward Conners, James Hurley; Ward 

2, George Palmer, Silas C. Hatch, Aaron L. Simpson ; 
Ward 3, Samuel I). Thurston, John Work, Charles P. 
Roberts ; Ward 4, Thomas J. Witherly, Charles Hight, 
Jonathan Chase ; Ward 5, John L. Crosby, Alonzo S. 
Weed, Alfred O. Stewart ; Ward 6, Silas S. Low, Gideon 
Marston, Levi Murch ; Ward 7, Joseph F. Snow, Edwin 
Clark, Jonathan C. Lane. Seth Paine, Treasurer and 
Collector ; Fred E. Shaw, City Solicitor ; Henry B. 
Farnham, Marshal ; Taylor Durgin, Street Commis- 
sioner ; Anderson Parker, Harbor Master. 

1863-64. Mayor, Samuel H. Dale. Aldermen: James 
O'Donohue, Silas C. Hatch, Francis M. Sabine, Isaac M. 
Bragg, Arad Thompson, .S. P. Strickland, James H. Bow- 
ler; George W. Snow, City Clerk. CommonCouncil: Aaron 
L. Simpson, President; George H. Veaton, Clerk. Waid 
I, Nehcmiah H. Colton, Edward Conners, Samuel R. 
Veaton; Ward 2, Aaron L. Simpson, Hiram B. Williams, 
Lemuel Bradford ; Ward 3, Samuel D. Thurston, John 
Work, James Dunning ; Ward 4, Isaac M. Currier, 
Thomas J. Witherly, Pickering P. Pearson ; Ward 5, 
John L. Crosby, Alonzo S. Weed, Benjamin R. Bicknell; 
Ward 6, Gideon Marston, Thomas Trickey, Benjamin 
N. Thoms ; Ward 7, Eber Steward, Edwin Clark, Sewall 
Chapman. Seth Paine, I'reasurer and CoUectoror ; A. 
G. Wakefield, City Solicitor ; Henry B. Farnham, 
Marshal ; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner ; .\nder- 
son Parker, Harbor Master. 

1864-65. Mayor, Samuel H. Dale. .Aldermen: John 
W'yman, Silas C. Hatch, Francis M. Sabine, Isaac M. 
Bragg, Charles Sawtelle, Samuel P. Strickland, James H. 
Bowler. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Coun- 
cil: Lemuel Bradford, President; J. B. Matthews, Clerk; 
Ward I, Joseph Taney, Sumner Laughton, Josiah S. 
Ricker; Ward 2, Lemuel Bradford, Hiram B. Williams, 
George Palmer; Ward 3, Samuel D. Thurston, James 
Dunning, James Woodbury; Ward 4, Thomas J. With- 
erly, Isaac M. Currier, Pickering P. Pearson; Ward 5, 
Simon P. Bradbury, Edwin F. Dillingham, William P. 
* Elected in place of A. W. Paine, resigned. 



Heald; Ward 6, Joseph L. Palmer, Erastus Wellington, 
Benjamin N. Thoms; Ward 7, Eber Steward, Edwin - 
Clark, John S. Patten. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Col- 
lector; Aaron S. Simpson, (^ity Solicitor; H. B. Farn- 
ham, Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner; An- 
derson Parker, Harbor Master. 

1865-66. Mayor, Samuel H. Dale. .Mdermen: 
Joseph Taney, Silas C. Hatch, Samuel D. Thurston, 
Isaac M. Currier, Simon I'. Bradbury, Gideon Marston, 
William P. Wingate. (leorge W. Snow, City Clerk. 
Common Council: Nathan L. Perkins, President; J. B. 
Matthews, Clerk; Ward i, Sumner Laughton, Thomas S 
Moor, William .\. Bartlett; Ward 2, Hiram B. Williams, 
John C. Thorndike, Samuel F. Jones; Ward 3, James 
Woodbury, Nathan L. Perkins, Joseph C. White, Ward 

4, George W. Whitney, Daniel Wheeler, William M. 
Davis; Ward 5, Edwin F. Dillingham, Edward H. Rol- 
lins, Charles Clark; \\'ard 6, Thomas Trickey, Moody T. 
Stickney, Charles F. Smith; Ward 7, John Andrews, John 

5. Patten, Daniel H. Kimball. Seth Paine, Treasurer, 
and Collector; .Xaron L. Simpson, City Solicitor; H. B. 
Farnham, Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner; 
Anderson Parker, Harbor Master. 

1866-67. Mayor, Albert G. Wakefield. Aldermen: 
Joab AV. Palmer, Hiram B. Williams, Samuel D. Thurs- 
ton, Ambrose C. Flint, Simon P. Bradbury, John E. 
(iodfrey, William P. Wingate. George W. Snow, City 
Clerk. Common Council: Nathan L. Perkins, Presi- 
dent; James B. Matthews, Clerk; Ward i, Edward Con- 
neis, Timothy Sullivan, Patrick Gallagher; Ward 2, John 
C. Thorndike, Samuel F. Jones, Thomas J. Stewart; 
Ward 3, Nathan L. Perkins, Joseph C. White, James 
Woodbury; Ward 4, George W. Whitney, Daniel 
Wheeler, William M. Davis; Ward 5, Benjamin O. Fos- 
ter, John L. Crosby, William P. Heald; Ward 6, Moody 
T. Stickney, Charles F. Smith, Hiram B. Stewart; Ward 
7, John S. Patten, John M. Lord, Burleigh Pease. Seth 
Paine, Treasurer and Collector, Aaron L. Simpson, City 
Solicitor; H. B. Farnham, Marshal; William L. Stewart, 
Street Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 

1867-68. Mayor, .•\lbert G. Wakefield. .Mdermen: 
Joab W. Palmer, James F. Rawson, Nathan L. Perkins, 
Ambrose C. Flint, Simon P. Bradbury. John E. Godfrey, 
Joseph F. Snow. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Com- 
mon Council: James Woodbury, President; John H. 
Haves, Clerk; Ward 1, Edward Conners, Patrick Galla- 
gher, Ancel C. Hallett; Ward 2, Frederick A. Cummings, 
John McCann, Samuel F. Jones; Ward 3, James Wood- 
bury, Thomas Hersey, *Charles Hamlin; Ward 4, Wil- 
liam M. Davis, Daniel L. Wheeler, George W'. Whitney; 
Ward 5, Alonzo S. Weed, Jeremiah Fenno, Charles H. 
Buswell; \Vard 6, Hiram B. Stewart, Joseph Graves, Har- 
mon Bartlett; Ward 7, Benjamin F. S. Patten, Thomas 
K. Johnston, Gardner Bragdon. Seth Paine, Treasurer 
and Collector; Charles Hamlin, City Solicitor; Henry B. 
Farnham, Marshal, William L. Stewart, Street Commis- 
sioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 

1868-69. Mayor, Augustus D. Manson. Aldermen; 
Edward Conners, James F. Rawson, James Woodbury , 
•Declined. 



758 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



4 



George W. Whitney, Alonzo S. Weed, John E. Godfrey, 
Joseph F. Snow. George W. Snow, City Cleik. Com- 
mon Council: Jeremiah Fenno, President; John H. 
Hayes, Clerk; Ward i, Patrick Gallagher, Frederick M. 
Laughton, John McGinty; Ward 2, Samuel F. Jones, 
John McCann, Fred A. Cummings; Ward 3, Thomas 
Hersey, Thomas J. Witherly, William Flowers ; Ward 4, 
William M. Davis, Charles E. Dole, Benjamin F. Wiley; 
Ward 5, Moses Giddings, Jeremiah Fenno, Thomas P. 
Bunker: Ward 6, Hermon Bartlett, ]Janiel White, Manuel 

5, Drummond; Ward 7, Gardner Bragdon, Thomas K. 
Johnston, Benjamin F. S. Patten. Seth Paine, Treas- 
urer and Collector; Charles Hamlin, City Solicitor; 
George A. Bolton, Marshal; William L. Stewart, Street 
Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 

1869-70. Mayor, Samuel D. Thurston. Aldermen: 
John S. Ricker, James F. Rawson, James \Voodbury, 
George W. Whitney, Alonzo S. Weed, John E. Godfrey, 
Samuel F. Humphrey. George W. Snow, City Clerk. 
Common Council: Moses Giddings, President; John H. 
Hayes, Clerk; Ward i, Frederick M. Laughton, John 
McGinty, Elisha F. Stetson; Ward 2, John Varney, John 
Cassidy, Edwin B. Patten ; Ward 3, William Flowers, 
Thomas Hersey, Joseph C. White; Ward 4, Lysander 
Strickland, Charles E. Dole, William M. Davis; Ward 5, 
Moses Giddings, Jesse M. Arnold, Reuben Bagley ; Ward 

6, Manuel S. Drummond, Silas S. Low, Hermon Bartlett; 
Ward 7, Gardner Bragdon, Marcellus E. Hodgkins, 
Charles W. Roberts. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Col- 
lector; Aaron L. Simpson, City Solicitor; George A. 
Bolton, Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner; 
Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 

1870-71. Mayor, Henry E. Prentiss. Aldermen: 
John J. Ricker, James F. Rawson, William C. Crosby, 
Charles E. Dole, Moses Giddings, ],lewellyn J. Morse, 
Charles W. Roberts. George W. Snow, City Clerk. 
Common Council: Newell Blake, President; John H. 
Hayes, Clerk; Ward i, John McGinty, James Tobin, 
Patrick (iallagher ; Ward 2, John Varney, John Cassidy, 
Edwin B. Patten ; Ward 3, Sprague Adams, John Good- 
ell, Jr., William B. Dole; Ward 4, Lysander Strickland, 
Newell Blake, Alanson Grant ; Ward 5, Jesse M. Arnold, 
Chapin Humphrey, Thomas P. Bunker; Ward 6, Silas 
S. Low, Benjamin N. Thoms, Eugene F. Sanger; Ward 

7, Marcellus E. Hodgkins, Judson H. Robinson, Jona- 
than N. Drew. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; 
Aaron L. Simpson, City Solicitor; William P. Wingate, 
Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner; Joshua 
D. Warren, Harbor Master. 

1871-72. *Mayor, Samuel H. Dale. Aldermen: 
John S. Ricker, Charles Hayward, William C. Crosby, 
Lysander Strickland, Moses Giddings, Ansel Leighton, 
Isaac R. Clark. John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common 
Council: Newell Blake, President; Percy A. Bridgham, 
Clerk; Ward i, John McGinty, James Tobin, Joseph W. 
Taney; Ward 2, Ezekiel Cobb, Bowen Holman, Isaac 
Strickland; Ward 3, William B. Dole, Sprague Adams, 
John Goodell, Jr.; Ward 4, Newell Blake, Russell S. 



•Died December 24, 1871, and J. .S. Wheelwright elected to fill va- 
cancy. 



Morison, James Smith, Jr.; Ward 5, Chapin Humphrey, 
Nathan C. /Vyer, Joseph H. Gould; Ward 6, Benjamin 
N. Thoms, Eugene F. Sanger, Smith P. Hutchinson; 
Ward 7, Jonathan N. Dow, Charles B. Morse, David W. 
Gould. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; Henry C. 
Goodenow, City Solicitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal ; 
Daniel P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, 
Harbor Master. 

1872-73. Mayor, Joseph S. Wheelright. Aldermen, 
John McGinty, Charles Hayward, William C. Crosby, 
Lysander Strickland, Chapin Humphrey, Ansel Leighton, 
Isaac R. Clark. John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common 
Council : Newell Blake, President; William B. Dole, 
Clerk; Ward i, Hugh McHugh, Nehemiah H. Colton, 
Gustavus G. Cushman; Ward 2, Ezekiel Cobb, John H. 
Crosby, Jesse E. Harriman; Ward 3, Thomas S. Moor, 
Henry Lord, Joseph P. Bass; Ward 4, Newell Blake, 
Russell S. Morison, James Smith, Jr.; Ward 5, Nathan 
C. Ayer, George R. Lancaster, .\lbion W. Dudley; Ward 
6, Smith P. Hutchinson, George F. Godfrey, Gustavus S. 
Bean; Ward 7, Charles B. Morse, David W. Gould, Scott 
Dunbar. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; Henry 
C. Goodenow, City Solicitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; 
Daniel P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, 
Harbor Master. 

1873-74. Mayor, Joseph P. Bass. Aldermen: James 
Tobin, Isaac Strickland, Daniel White, Newell Blake, 
Chapin Humphrey, Llewellyn J. Morse, Amos Pickard. 
John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common Council: Henry 
Lord, President; John L. Crosby, Clerk; Ward i, Hugh 
McHugh, Nehemiah H. Colton, John M. Blaisdell; 
Ward 2, Orin M. Shaw, John McCann, Benjamin S. 
Crosby; Ward 3, Thomas S. Moor, Henry Lord, Samuel 
A. Stoddard; Ward 4, Sylvester D. Fogg, Isaac M. Bragg, 
George A. Davenport; Ward 5, Joseph H. Gould, Elton 
W. Ware, Charles V. Lord; Ward 6, Benjamin A. Burr, 
Manly G. Trask, Gustavus S. Bean; Ward 7, William 
Conners, John Cates,Thomas Williams. John L. Crosby, 
Treasurer and Collector; A. L. Simpson, City Solicitor; 
George A. Bolton, Marshal; .\lvin W. Dudley, Street 
Commissioner; S. H. Hasty, Harbor Master. 

1874-75. Mayor, Newell Blake. Aldermen : James 
Tobin, Isaac Strickland, William C. Crosby, Isaac M. 
Bragg, Nathan C. Ayer, Llewellyn J. Morse, Charles D. 
Bryant. John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common Council: 
Henry Lord, President; John L. Crosby, Clerk; Ward i, 
Hugh McHugh, Nehemiah H. Colton, John Burke; Ward 
2, Orin M. Shaw, John McCann, Benjamin S. Crosby; 
Ward 3, Thomas S. Moor, Henry Lord, Franklin Rogers; 
Ward 4, Sylvester D. Fogg, Charles A. Babcock, George 
A. Davenport; Ward 5, John F. Jordan, Elton W. Ware, 
Charles V. Lord; Ward 6, Benjamin A. Burr, Manly G. 
Trask, Gustavus S. Bean; Ward 7, Charles B. Wyman, 
Daniel Webster, Jonathan N. Drew. John L. Crosby, 
Treasurer and Collector: Albert G. Wakefield, City So- 
licitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; Albion W. Dudley, 
Street Commissioner; Thomas Shea, Harbor Master. 

1875-76. Mayor, Frederick M. Laughton. Alder- 
men: James Tobin, Isaac Strickland, Thomas S. Moor, 
Joseph C. White, Thomas N. Egery, Silas S. Low, Wil- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



759 



liam Conners. John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common 
Council: Manly G. Trask, President; Fred V. Wooster, 
Clerk; Ward i, John S. Ricker, Nehemiah H. Colton, 
John Burke; Ward 2, Orin M. Shaw, John McCann, 
Benjamin S. Crosby; Ward 3, James Adams, Frank 
Right, George I. Brown; Ward 4, Alfred M. Cowan, 
Charles A. Babcock, Charles Sinnott; Ward 5. Charles 
E. Getchell, George W. Merrill, Charles W. Wilson; Ward 
6, Frank H. Drummond, Manly G. Trask, Hartford 
Pond; Ward 7, Aaron D. AVatson, Elliott W. Corson, 
William Phillips. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Col- 
lector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; George A. 
Bolton, Marshal; Albion W. Dudley, Street Commis- 
sioner; 'i'homas Shea, Harbor Master. 

1876-77. Mayor, William B. Hayford. Aldermen: 
John S. Ricker, John C. Thorndike, James Woodbury, 
Joseph C. White, Albert G. Wakefield, Silas S. Low, 
Charles B. Wyman; City Clerk, Victor Brett. Common 
Council: President, Frank H. -Drummond ; Clerk, 
Charles E. Field; Ward i, Frederick W. Hill, Daniel F. 
Kelleher, Daniel Sullivan; Ward 2, Albert F. Snow, 
James E. Dougherty, George Savage; Ward 3, James 
Adams, Frank Hight, Alonzo Morton; Ward 4, Alfred 
M. Cowan, Charles Sinnott, William C. Holt; Ward 5, 
Charles E. (ietchell, George W. Merrill, John F. Jordan; 
Ward 6, Hartford Pond, Frank H. Drummond, Lester 
Dwinel; Ward 7, Aaron D. Watson, Elliott W. Corson, 
Thomas White. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Col- 
lector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; Simon F. 
Walker, Marshal; Judson H. Robinson, Street Commis- 
sioner; Charles V. Lansil, Harbor Master. 

1877-78. Mayor, Augustus C. Hamlin, .\ldermen : 
John Smith, John C. Thorndike, James Woodbury, 
Russel S. Morison, Simon P. Bradbury, Hartford Pond, 
Benjamin B. Thatcher; City Clerk, Victor Brett. Com- 
mon Council : President, Frank H. Drummond; Clerk, 
Charles E. Field; Ward i, John Smith, John Smith, 
John Smith; Ward 2, Henry D. Williams, Michael J. 
Desmond, William L. Stewart; Ward 3, Alonzo Morton, 
Joseph W. Thompson, Warren A. Bragg; Ward 4, Wil- 
liam C. Holt, Frank Currier, Jeremiah M. Gilman; 
Ward 5, David Fuller, John C. Cutler, Charles Clark; 
Ward 6, Frank H. Drummond, Charles I. Collamore, 
Thomas W. Burr; Ward 7, Kendall P. Forbes, Heman 
N. Bartlett, Marshall Dyer. John L. Crosby, Treasurer 
and Collector; Thomas W. \'ose. City Solicitor; Elijah 
Low, Marshal; Judson H. Robinson, Street Commis- 
sioner; Sewall H. Hasty, Harbor Master. 

1878-79, Mayor, Augustus C. Hamlin. .Mdermen : 
Nehemiah H. Colton, Jesse E. Hsrriman, ("harles P. 
Brown, William H. Brown, Charles P. Stetson, Silas D. 
Jones, Amos Pickard; City Clerk, Victor Brett. Com- 
mon Council: President, Henry D. Williams; Clerk, 
Charles E. Field; Ward i, Owen Moran, Daniel O'Con- 
nell, William H. Darling; Ward 2, Henry 1). Williams, 
Michael J. Desmond, Wilbur J. Webb; Ward 3, Joseph 
W. Thompson, Warren A. Bragg, Zebulon Grover; 
Ward 4, Jeremiah M. Gilman, Frank Currier, Charles B. 
Brown; Ward 5, Isaac H. Grover, Charles E. Lyon, 
Daniel M. Howard; Ward 6, Albert F. Merrill, .\ugustus 



E. Pote, Job Collett; Ward 7, George W. Spratt, David 
A. Garland, Thomas Gillespie. John L. Crosby, Treas- 
urer and Collector; F. H. Applelon, City Solicitor; Wil- 
liam F. Reed, .Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street 
Commissioner; Walter Ross, Harbor Master. 

1879-80. Mayor, William H. Brown. .Mdermen ; 
Daniel F. Kelleher, Stephen Jennings, Warren .V. Bragg, 
Isaac M. Currier, Silas D. Jones, Manly G. Trask, Amos 
Pickard; City Clerk, Victor Brett. Common Council : 
President, Charles I. Collamore; Clerk, Charles E. 
Field; Ward i, Daniel O'Connell, Dennis O'Leary, 
Charles E. Hill; Ward 2, Owen McCann, James Mooney, 
Charles L. Snow; Ward 3, Zebulon Grover, Henry N. 
Fairbanks, Thomas J. Witherly; Ward 4, Charles B. 
Brown, Moses (;. Rice, Isaiah Tozier; Ward 5, Job 
Collett, Charles Clark, Reuben Bagley, second; Ward 6, 
Charles I. Collamore, Thomas W. Burr, Hiram P. Oliver; 
Ward 7, Thomas Gillespie, George W. Si)ratt, Edward 
Conners. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Collector; 
Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; William F. Reed, 
Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; 
Charles V. Lansil, Harbor Master. 

1880-81. Mayor, William H. Brown. Aldermen: 
Daniel F. Kelleher, Stephen Jennings, Warren A. Bragg, 
Isaac M. Currier, Silas D. Jones, Manly G. Trask, Ed- 
ward Conners. Victor Brett, City Clerk. Common 
Council: Charles L Collamore, President; Otto F. 
Youngs, Clerk; Ward i, Daniel O'Connell, Dennis 
O'Leary, Bertram L. Smith; Ward 2, Owen McCann, 
James Mooney, Charles L. Snow; Ward 3, Henry N. 
Fairbanks, Alonzo K. Rollins, Albert P. Baker; Ward 4, 
Moses G. Rice, Isaiah Tozier, John Dole; Ward 5, Job 
Collett, Charles L. Marston, Daniel W. Maxfield; Ward 
6, Charles I. Collamore, Hartford Pond, Hiram P. Oli- 
ver; Ward 7, George W. Fletcher, Mellen T. Gates, 
Charles E. Field. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Col- 
lector; Thomas W. \'ose. City Solicitor; William F. 
Reed, Marshal ; William P. Wingate, Street Commission- 
er; Charles V. Lansil, Harbor Master. 

1881-82. Mayor, Lysander Strickland. .Vldernien: 
Daniel F. Kelleher, Frederick A. Cummings, James 
.\dams, Moses G. Rice, Charles L. Marston, Llewellyn 
J. Morse, Edward Conners. A'ictor Brett, City Clerk. 
Common Council: Henry N. Fairbanks, President; Otto 

F. Youngs, Clerk; Ward i. Whitman M. Thayer, Dennis 
O'Leary, Dominic Cox; Ward 2, Terence F. Cassidy, 
.Aaron L. Simpson, James E. Rogers; Ward 3, Alonzo 
K. Rollins, .\lbert P. Baker, Henry N. Fairbanks; Ward 
4, Sumner J. Finson, ."Mbert Bean, William H. ICdmunds; 
Ward 5, Harvey L. Jewell, Francis Garland, Byron Rob- 
erts; AVard 6, William H. Harlow, Horace W. Chase, 
Jeremiah S. Bartlett; Ward 7, Jonathan R. Holt, James 
H. Haynes, George .M. Fletcher. John L. Crosby, Treas- 
urer and Collector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; 
William F. Reed, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street 
Commissioner; John J. Flynn, Harbor Master. 

THE CHIEF M.\GISTR.\TES. 

For convenience' sake, a group is here presented of 
the Mayors of Bangor, from the incorporation of the 
city in 1834, to 1882: — 



760 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Allen Oilman 1834-35 Samuel H. Dale 1863-64-65 

Edward Kent 1836-37 Albert G. Wakefield 1866-67 

Rufus Uvvinel 1838 Augustus D. Manson 1868 

J. Wingate Can 1839-40 Samuel D. Thurston 1869 

Bradford Harlow 1841-42-43 Henry E. Prentiss 1870 

Jacob Drummond 1844 Samue! H. Dale 1871 

Joseph Bryant 1845-46 Joseph S. Wheelwright 1872 

Charles Hayward 1847 Joseph P. Bass 1873 

William Abbott 1848-49 Newell Blake 1874 

WMlIiam H. Mills 1849-50 Frederick M. Laughton 1875 

Elijah M. Hamlin 1851-52 William B. Hayford 1876 

George W. Pickering 1853-54 Augustus C. Hamlin 1877-78 

John T. K. Hayward 1855 William H.Brown 1879-80 

HoUis Bowman 1856-57-58 Lysander Strickland 1881 

Isaiah Stetson 1859-60-61-62 

THE POSTMASTERS. 

We may add here, perliaps as well as anywhere, a full 
list of Postmasters of Bangor since the establishment of 
the office here- In January, iSoi, Balkley Emerson 
was Postmaster until January, 1805, with the exception 
of six months in 1804, when William Fobes was in the 
office; Horatio G. Balch, from January, 1805; William L). 
Williamson, from 1810; Royal Clark, from i82i;Mark 
Trafton, from 1822. From 1836 it became a Presi- 
dential appointment. Mark Trafton was re-appointed 
in 1836; Charles K. Miller, 1839 to 1848, and in 1866; 
Isaac C. Haynes, 1848 and 1S53-56; J. Wingate Carr, 
1861-65; George Fuller, 1867-71; Colonel Augustus B. 
Farnham, from 1871 to this writing. 

THE COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS 

at Bangor have been : Daniel Emery, 1847-49; William 
C. Hammatt, 1849-53; George P. Sewall, 1853-57; Dud- 
ley F. Leavitt, 1857-61; William P. Wingate, i86i-66, 
and 1871-75; Charles W. Roberts, 1866-67; John H. 
Rice, 1867-71; Ebenezer T. Fox, 1875-79; 'i"d Joseph 
S. Smith, 1880 to the present time. 



CHAPTER XXXVII. 

BANGOR BIOGRAPHIES. 

Hon. Hannibal Hamlin — Governor Kent — Hon. John .\ppIeton — Con- 
gressman Ladd — Hon. Lewis Barker — Hon. Henry Lord — Captain 
Charles A. Boutelle— Wilham H. Brown, M. D.— Dr. E. F. Sanger 
— Dr. Sumner Laughton — Hon. Frederick M. Laughton — Calvin 
Seavey, M. D. — Hon. Noah Woods — General Samuel Veazie — Gen- 
eral S. F. Hersey— Hon. Thomas N. Egery — John Prescott Webber 
—Colonel Frank D. PulIen~.\dolphus ]. Chapman, Esq.— Flavins 
O. Beal — Lemuel Nichols, Jr. — .-Mjel Hunt— Charles D. Bryant. 

HON. HANNIPAL HAMLIN. 
This renowned citizen of Bangor, for at least a gener- 
ation the foremost son of the Penobscot Valley, is not, 
somewhat unhappily for it, a native of this county, but of 
Paris, in this State. He is of old Massachusetts stock, 
grandson of Eleazer Hamlin, commander of a company 
of minute-men when the .'\merican Revolution was gath- 
ering head, and is son of Dr. Cyrus and .'\nna (Livermore) 
Hamlin, of Livermore, Oxford county, to which Deacon 



Livermore, Mrs. Hamlin's father, had given the name, he 
being a principal proprietor of it. Upon the Doctor's 
appointment as Clerk of the Oxford county courts, he 
removed to Paris, the shire-town, where he thenceforward 
made his home until his death in 1828. Here Hannibal 
Hamlin was born, the youngest of six sons, August 27, 
1809, the same year in which his great associate upon 
the Presidential ticket, the late Mr. Lincoln, was born. 
His elementary education was conducted in private 
schools in Paris, and at the neighboring Hebron Acade- 
my. He was nearly ready for college at fifteen or sixteen 
years of age, when the declining health of his brother 
Cyrus compelled the retirement of Hannibal from the 
schools, to labor in his stead on the farm. He shortly 
also undertook the survey of the township owned by his 
father and others in the north wilderness, which was suc- 
cessfully accomplished, though in the face of many diffi- 
culties and privations. At about the age of eighteen he 
began to study law with his brother Elijah, who was prac- 
ticing in Eastern Maine, but was again recalled to the 
farm by the death of his father, and remained upon it 
the next two years. He then bought a half-interest in 
the Jeffersonian, a newspaper at Paris, where his associate 
in business was Horatio King, afterwards First Assistant 
Postmaster-General. He wrote in both prose and poetry 
for its columns, and learned to set type and print the 
paper, continuing his labors of "composition" with both 
pen and composing-stick, for some time after he sold his 
interest to William King in the fall of the same year. 
The next January he resumed legal studies, at first with 
Joseph G. Cole, Esq,, since Judge of the District Court 
of Maine, and then with Messrs. Fessenden, Deblois & 
Fessenden, of Portland, the last of whom was afterwards 
colleague of Mr. Hamlin in the United States Senate, 
and also Secretary of the Treasury. He was admitted 
to the Bar at Paris in January, 1833, and argued and won 
a case the same day. The next April he removed to 
Hampden, Penobscot county, where he opened an office 
and resided for about twenty years. He commanded a 
large practice almost from the beginning, and maintained 
It with remarkable energy and success until public duties 
absorbed his time and attention. Since his return to the 
Federal Senate in 1851 he has practically abandoned the 
profession. During his Hampden residence and since, 
he has been often called to the platform for addresses 
upon literary, political, and other topics, which he han- 
dles with accustomed ability and versatility of talent. 

Mr. Hamlin's first public service of note was as Repre- 
sentative of Hampden to the State Legislature during 
five successive terms, 1836 to 1840, inclusive. He was 
then attached to the principles and policy of the Dem- 
ocratic party, and soon became one of its leaders in the 
House, and otherwise an influential member. He was 
chosen Speaker in his second term, 1837, when but 
twenty-seven years old, and was re-elected to that post in 
1839, and again in 1840, at the close of each period of 
service receiving the unanimous thanks of the House. 
The latter year he was the candidate of his party for a 
seat in Congress, but shared the common Democratic 
defeat in Maine and throughout the country, induced by 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



761 



the popular enthusiasm of that year in behalf of General 
Harrison, the Whig candidate for the Presidency. He 
was beaten, however, in a total poll of fifteen thousand, 
by a majority of less than two hundred. It is said that 
his joint canvass of the District with his opponent, Elisha 
H. Allen, still also a resident of Bangor, was the first in- 
stance of the kind in New England politics. Two years 
afterwards he again ran against Mr. Allen, and was this 
time triumphantly elected. He soon made a considerable 
figure in the National Legislature for a new member, and 
during his second session made an able and truly elo- 
quent speech against the resolution for the annexation of 
Texas, on the ground that it was a scheme for "the 
strengthening of the Slave Power," "for extending and 
perpetuating slavery." He was returned to the House 
in 1844, and made Chairman of the important Com- 
mittee on Elections, and also a member of the Commit- 
tee on Naval Affairs. In his speech on the bill to estab- 
lish a territorial government in Oregon he again announced, 
most explicitly and emphatically, his opposition to any 
scheme having a view to the extension of slavery. He 
anticipated the famous Wilmot Pioviso at this time (the 
session of 1846-47), by offering a similar clause as an 
amendment to the "Three Million Bill." With this ses- 
sion his service in the lower House of Congress was 
closed, and he consented again to take a seat for a single 
term in the State Legislature as a Representative for 
Hampden. The next year, in the spring of 1848, Gov- 
ernor Fairfield, one of the United States Senators from 
Maine, having died, Mr. Hamlin was appointed to his 
place by Governor Dana, he being then only in his 
fortieth year. He served under appointment the remain- 
ing four years of the unexpired term, and was then re- 
turned for the full period of six years by the Legislature, 
although the pro-slaverv wing of his party in that body 
refused to support him. His discussion of all important 
topics in the Senate was clear and able; but the "irre- 
pressible conflict" was now thickening, and he was soon 
to take a yet more distinguished place in Americaii pol- 
itics. June 12, 1856, after the Democratic National 
Convention at Cincinnati, he formally abandoned that 
party in a speech in the Senate, resigning his place as 
Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. He has 
since been a steadfast Republican, without variableness 
or shadow of turning. The same month in which this 
speech was spoken he was nominated as Republican can- 
didate for Governor of Maine, and was elected by more 
than double the majority to that time ever given a gu- 
bernatorial candidate in this State. He resigned his 
Senatorship to be inaugurated January 7, 1857, but 
within ten days was re-chosen Senator for the full term, 
resigned the Executive chair, and resumed his seat in the 
Senate. Yeoman's service was here to be done during 
the struggle over the Lecompton constitution of Kansas, 
and other exciting issues of the period ; and he did it. 
May 18, i860, at the Republican National Convention 
in Chicago, he was most unexpectedly nominated as the 
candidate for Vice-President of the United States, upon 
the same ticket with Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois. He 
served with his wonted ability in the chair of the Senate, 
96 



also rendering invaluable aid in the counsels of the Gov- 
ernment during the civil war, until the close of his term, 
March 4, 1865. During this time, in the spring of 1862, 
he removed from Hampden to Bangor, where he dwells 
when at home, in a modest residence on Fourth street, 
near Hammond. The same year that he ended his Sen- 
atorial term he was appointed Collector of the Port of 
Boston; but resigned in 1866. He remained in private 
life a few years, but was again called into the public ser- 
vice in 1869, by a return to the United States Senate. 
He was re-elected in 1875, and at the close of his term, 
six years afterwards, was appointed by President Garfield 
Minister of the United States to the Spanish Court, and 
was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. After a 
period of rest he made a visit to the home of his child- 
hood at Paris, and sailed for Madrid in October following, 
where he is now performing the duties of his distinguished 
position. He was Regent of the Smithsonian Institution 
1861-65, and was re-appointed in 1870, holding the po- 
sition since that time. 

Mr. Hamlin was first married in 1833,31 Paris, to Miss 
Sarah Jane, born November 2, 181 5, daughter of the 
Hon. Stephen Emery, Judge of Probate for Oxford 
county, and since Attorney-General of the State and 
Judge of the District Court. The children of this mar- 
riage were George Emery, born September 30, 1835, died 
July 14, 1844; Charles, born September 13, 1837, gradu- 
ate of Bowdoin in 1857, admitted to the Bar October, 
1858, practiced law at Orland, Hancock county, till he 
entered the army during the late war, in which he served 
as Major of the First Maine Heavy Artillery, Assistant 
Adjutant-General and Inspector of Artillery, and was dis- 
charged in September, 1865, as Brevet Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, since residing at Bangor as an attorney, and for 
some years Register in Bankruptcy; Cyrus, born April 
26, 1839, who also became a lawyer, practiced at Kittery, 
York county, entered the army as an aid-de-camp on the 
general staff, served with General Fremont and as one of 
the first Colonels appointed to the Corps cC A/n'que, at- 
tained finally the rank of Major-General, and died at 
New Orleans, August 28, 1867, of disease contracted in 
the service; Sarah J., born January 7, 1842, married Col- 
onel George A. Batchelder, and died June 28, 1879; and 
George E., born February 24, 1848, died September 6, 
1849. Mrs. Hamlin died April 17, 1855 ; and in Sep- 
tember of the following year her husband led to the altar 
her half-sister. Miss Ellen Vesta Emery, whose natal day 
is September 14, 1835. The children of the second mar- 
riage are Hannibal Emery, born August 22, 1858, a 
graduate of Colby University, in the class of 1879, now a 
law student at Harvard University; and Frank, born Sep- 
tember 26, 1862. 



GOVERNOR KENT. 

The Hon. Edward Kent, LL.D., was in his day for 
many years one of the most distinguished citizens of 
Bangor, where, and throughout the State which he served 
so faithfully and well, his memory is cherished as one of 
the most treasured heirlooms of the present generation. 



762 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Governor Kent was a native of New Hampshire, born 
in Concord January 8, 1802, youngest son and sixth 
child of William Austin Kent, a native of Charlestown^ 
Massachusetts. His mother was born in Sterling, in the 
same State, and was a sister of the Hon. Prentiss Mellen, 
the first Chief Justice of Maine. His three brothers all 
became useful and prominent men, and two of them are 
still living. Three of his sisters married well-known New 
England clergymen, and the fourth the Hon. James H. 
Bingham, graduate of Dartmouth and classmate of 
Daniel Webster. 

Young Kent, after due preliminary training, entered 
Harvard College, and was graduated in 1821, when but 
nineteen years old, in the class to which belonged Ralph 
Waldo Emerson, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Congressmen C. 
W. Upham, of Massachusetts, and R. W. Barnwell, of 
South Carolina, and Judge Edward G. Loring. His fine 
scholarship entitled him to membership in the Phi Beta 
Kappa Society, which admitted less than one third of his 
class of fifty-nine. He read law with the celebrated 
Chancellor Kent and with Benjamin Orr, a very eminent 
Maine lawyer of that time ; and under them acquired a 
thoroughly competent preparation for his profe.ssional 
career. He came to Bangor in 1824, on a prospecting 
tour, determined to settle here, and in September of the 
next year, when but twenty-three years old, he boldly 
and alone swung out his "shingle" in the brisk little 
town as an invitation for business. He soon became popu- 
lar, and was presently elected by his young fellow-towns- 
men as Foreman of the fire company formed to man the 
new "Washington" hand-engine, which the town had 
just bought. He also obtained a fair share of the local 
business (there were then but six lawyers besides himself 
in Bangor), but took some of his time for political dis- 
cussion and writing for the village newspaper. He mani- 
fested a lively interest in the struggle of the Greek patri- 
■ ots for independence in 1827, and served as Secretary of 
the meeting held here to promote their cause, besides 
doing other efficient work in their behalf In 1829 he 
delivered the Fourth of July oration in Bangor — "a 
chaste and eloquent production," says the contemporary 
record. In the former year he was admitted to practice 
as Counsellor of the Supreme Court of the State, under 
the rule then prevailing that no attorney should be ad- 
mitted Counsellor until he had practiced two years in the 
Court of Common Pleas. He was appointed the same 
year, being then but twenty-five years of age. Chief 
Justice of the Court of Sessions, and held the bench for 
nearly two years. 

Governor Kent's first legal partnership was with Hon. 
Jonathan P. Rogers, of Bangor, Attorney-General of the 
State 1832-33. .\bout the former year this firm was 
dissolved, and a new one formed as Kent & Cutting, the 
junior partner of which (though the senior in years) was 
Hon. Jonas Cutting, Justice of the Supreme Judicial 
Court from 1854 to 1875. After filling several minor 
ofificial stations, he was elected a Representative from the 
Bangor District to the State Legislature, where he served 
in 1828-29. He was chosen in 1836 the second Mayor 
of the young city, and re-elected with an increased ma- 



jority the next year. Although yet scarcely in the prime 
of life, he was nominated in the first year of his Mayor- 
alty as a Whig candidate for Governor. Although un- 
successful in his first canvass, he was triumphantly elected 
the next year, and after a sharp Legislative and judicial 
struggle over the returns in an effort to prevent his in- 
auguration, he was inducted into office late in January, 
1838, his inaugural message being greatly complimented 
by the Whig organ at the State capital. He served one 
year, and was again a candidate for the Executive chair 
in 1840, against three opponents, one of whom was the 
Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, of the same county (then resid- 
ing at Hampden), who was the candidate upon the Dem- 
ocratic ticket. There was no election by the people, 
but Mr. Kent was chosen by the Legislature the follow- 
ing winter, and served another year at the helm of State. 
The next year he was a member of the important Com- 
mittee sent by the Legislature to Washington to repre- 
sent the interests of Maine in the pending negotiations 
concerning the Northeast boundary. Soon afterwards he 
recommenced practice in Bangor, again in association 
with Mr. Cutting. This partnership continued until he 
was appointed United States Consul to Rio Janeiro by 
President Taylor in 1849. He remained abroad four 
years, and then returned to his' practice, with which his 
brother George, now of the Treasury Departfnent at 
Washington, and about eighty-two years of age, presently 
became associated. On the nth of May, 1859, he was 
appointed by Governor Morrill a Justice of the Supreme 
Judicial Court, and was re-appointed by Governor Cony 
in 1866, at the expiration of his seven-years term, leaving 
the bench finally in 1873, '■'' his seventy-first year, with 
his powers unimpaired. He traveled with his family one 
year in Europe, and then, notwithstanding his advanced 
age, resumed practice in Bangor, undertaking a number 
of notable cases between 1874 and the year of his death. 
In 1875 he was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion of the State, and his last public service was per- 
formed with distinguished honor as its President. He 
died at his home in Bangor, May 19, 1877, aged seventy- 
five years, four months, and eleven days. 

Governor Kent's first wife was Sarah, daughter of 
Nathaniel Johnston, of Hillsborough, New Hampshire. 
Of this union were born one son, James, who died at 
Rio Janeiro ; Charlotte, who married an English resident 
in Rio, and also died there; Kitty, who survived her 
mother's death but two years; and others who died 
young. Mrs. Kent died in 1853, soon after their return 
from South .America; and in 1855 the Judge remarried, 
this time being united to Miss Abby A., daughter of the 
Rev. Oiis Rockwood, of Lynn, Massachusetts, who still 
survives him, and resides in Boston, Massachusetts. 
They had one son — Edward, named from his father, now 
an undergraduate in Harvard College, and a young man 
of superior ability and promise. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



763 



HON. JOHN APPLETON. 

The; Hon. John Appleton, of Bangor, Chief Justice of 
the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, is a native of the 
Granite State, born at Ipswich, in New Hampshire, on 
the 1 2th of July, 1804, only son of Jonathan and Eliza- 
beth (Peabody) .Appleton, of that town. He was de- 
prived of maternal care and instruction when at the ten- 
der age of four years, by the death of his mother, which 
occurred in 1808. His one sister, Eliza .Appleton, grew 
to maturity, and was married to Mr. George Gibson, the 
father of Charles A. Gibson, Esq., now of Bangor, who 
was their only child. 

After due attendance in the elementary schools of the 
time at his home, young .\ppleton took his preparatory 
course for college also at New Ipswich, in the Academy 
there. In due course he entered Bowdoin College, and 
was graduated with credit from that institution in the 
class of 1822, when he was but eighteen years old. He 
began to read law with George F. Farley, Esq., of 
Groton, Massachusetts, and afterwards pursued his studies 
with his relative, the celebrated Nathan Dane Appleton, 
in .Alfred, the shire-town of York county, Maine. He 
was admitted to the bar, however, in his native State, at 
Amherst, New Hampshire, in 1S26, when scarcely 
more than of age. The same year he removed to Dix- 
mont, in Penobscot county, and opened an office for law 
practice. He remained there, however, but a few 
months, and then removed to Sebec, then also in 
Penobscot, but now in Piscataquis county, where he lo- 
cated in the fall of the same year. For six years he re- 
mained in this then remote and sparsely settled country, 
and finally, in 1832, came to Bangor to make another 
beginning of business; and here he found a permanent 
home, in which he has resided during the last half-cen- 
tury, much of the time aiding largely to give it name and 
fame. In his first year at Bangor he formed a partner- 
ship with Elisha H. Allen, Esq., under the firm name of 
Allen & Appleton. This relation in business existed 
until 1 84 1, when it was dissolved by the election of Mr. 
Allen to a seat in the Federal Congress. He is now, 
after a long and honorable career, ex-Chancellor of the 
Sandwich Islands, and Minister of that country to the 
Government of the United States. 

Judge Appleton had subsequently a partnership with 
John B. Hill, Esq., of Bangor, and then with his brother 
and former student, Moses L. Appleton, Escj. The 
latter association was maintained for a number of years, 
until it was necessarily broken by the appointment of 
the subject of this notice to the Supreme Judicial 
Bench. He had already in his profession reaped a full 
share of success, with its attendant reputation and 
honors; and in 1841, on the fifth day of March, he had 
been appointed Reporter of Decisions for the court of 
which he was ten years afterwards to become a member. 
He served about one year, and was the compiler and 
editor of volumes XIX. and XX. of the State Reports- 
volumes which are highly esteemed in the profession. 
May II, 1852, Mr. Appleton received his first appoint- 
ment as Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, in which 
body he has served with distinction for now thirty years. 



He was re-apppointed at the expiration of his term, and 
on the 24th day of October, 1862, upon the retirement 
of Chief Justice Tcnney, he was elevated to the head- 
ship of the Court. He was re-appointed Chief Justice 
September 17, 1869, and again September 20, 1876, now 
serving his third term of seven years each, which will 
not expire until September of 1S83. 

For some years the energies of Justice .Appleton were 
devoted in part to the preparation of a treatise on Evi- 
dence, which was ijublished at Philadelphia, in i860, 
and has had a very wide circulation and reputation. He 
is still remarkably vigorous in mind and body, although 
m his seventy-eighth year, and bids fair to round out a 
full century in eminent honor and usefulness. 

Judge Appleton was married February 6, 1834, to 
Sarah N. Allen, who died August 12, 1874. His second 
wife was Annie V. (keeley, to whom he was united 
March 30, 1876. General John F. Appleton, a prom- 
ment lawyer in Bangor and a distinguished officer in the 
late war, deceased .August 12, 1874, was the oldest son 
of the first marriage. 



CONGRESSM.AN LADD. 

The Hon. George W. Ladd, Representative in Con- 
gress from the Fourth or Bangor District of Maine, was 
born in .Augusta, September 28, 18 18, son of Joseph 
Ladd, an immigrant from New Hampshire ten years be- 
fore. His father was an extensive merchant, lumberman, 
and vessel-owner, and in his later years added to the 
first-named business a branch in Florida, where he died 
in 1835. His mother was the oldest daughter of The- 
ophilus Hamlin, of Augusta, an immigrant from Massa- 
chusetts in 1784. She was a lady of unusual energy and 
mental power, and joined her husband cordially in his 
liberal schemes for the education of their child. George 
enjoyed the advantages of private instruction, as well as 
attendance upon the public schools. In due time he was 
sent to the University at Kent's Hill, in this State, but 
his preparation for college was completed under the Rev. 
J. H. Ingraham, the famous writer of religious novels. 
Financial considerations, however, obliged hnn to check 
his progress on the classic road, and he soon after ef- 
fected an engagement as a druggist's clerk in his native 
town. It is this circumstance alone that has caused him 
to be familiarly known as "Dr. Ladd" from that day to 
this. He remained with the firm, of which the junior 
member was an older brother of his, for six years. It 
was a profitable period for him, as giving him excellent 
opportunities for mental growth and for acquaintance 
with men and affairs. His business abilities were already 
much developed at the age of eighteen, when he was en- 
trusted with the sole management of an extensive drug 
store. He removed to Bangor two years later, in 1838, 
where he opened a drug store on his own account, and 
remained in the business with marked success for fifteen 
years, receiving valuable aid from his uncle, the Hon. 
Luther Severance, for a quarter of a century the able 
editor of the Kennebec Journal. During his earlier 



764 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



residence here, in 1843, Dr. Ladd was united in marriage 
to Miss Marcia D. C. Ingraham, daughter of his former 
tutor, granddaughter of the Hon. Daniel Cony, and 
niece of the Hon. Ruel Williams, United States Senator 
from Maine in 1S37-42. 

Dr. Ladd was one of the pioneers of the railway in- 
terest in Maine, giving it for years his best energies and 
enthusiastic support. His speeches and printed articles 
on this subject attracted marked attention, and were 
widely circulated. He began in politics as a Whig and 
an ardent admirer of Henry Clay. He was a member 
of the Whig State Committee for several years. Upon 
the break-up of that party in 1S56, he practically retired 
from the political field until the Presidential canvass of 
1S60, when he again came to the front as a prominent 
member of the " Constitutional Union " or Bell-Everett 
party. That organization and the Douglas wing of the 
Democracy were co-operating to avert, if possible, the 
threatened disruption of the Union, and thus earned from 
their opoonents the ironical but very honorable title of 
" Union Savers." At a large joint-meeting of the parties 
in Bangor, Mr. Ladd was presidmg officer. In the next 
Presidential campaign he supported tlie claims of Gen- 
eral McClellan for the Presidency, and rendered the 
Democracy of Maine efficient service. In 1866 he was 
one of its delegates to the National Union Convention 
in Philadelphia. Two years thereafter he was the nomi- 
nee of the Democracy of the Fourth District for Con- 
gress, but they were then in a minoiity, and he was de- 
feated. In 1878, however, being renominated, this time 
by both the Democratic and the Greenback conventions, 
he was elected by a majority of nearly three thousand, 
in a total vote of about twenty-three thousand. Just ten 
years before the Republican candidate in the same Dis- 
trict had been elected by a majority of nearly five thou- 
sand, which had been pretty closely kept good by that 
party down to Dr. Ladd's election. His most notable 
speech in the XLVIth Congress was one of considerable 
power on Wood's " Funding Bill," which was much read 
and quoted at the time. He was Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Expenditures in the Post-office Department 
and a member of the Committee on Banking and Cur- 
rency. In 1880 he was renominated and elected to Con- 
gress by a majority of 880, on the largest vote ever 
polled in the District. The next February, near the 
close of his first term, he delivered a strong speech in 
the House on the registry of foreign shipjMng, which w\as 
greatly applauded as a true representation of the great 
shipping interests of Maine and New England. 

A biographical sketch of Dr. Ladd, prepared for the 
forthcoming book, "Public Men of Our Times," from 
which the materials of this notice are mainly drawn, 
closes with the following remarks : 

Dr. Ladd has business capacity, and the forly years of his business 
life in Bangor have been marked by the closest application. Ambitious 
to obtain wealth, he sought it through the legitimate channels of labor 
and forecast, rather than by tlie doubtful expedients resorted to by the 
speculator and adventurer. His personal Integrity was never ques- 
tioned. An extensive reader, particularly of history, he has devoted 
much time and thought to the subjects of finance and political econ- 
omy generally. As a public speaker he is fluent, self-possessed, bold 
in attack, and quick of repartee. His devotion to his public duties, 



his uniform courtesy, and his fidelity to the interests of his constitu- 
ents, render him deservedly popular, and his friends indulge the hope 
that many years of public life and usefulness are yet reset ved for 
him. 



HON. LEWIS BARKER 

The Hon. Lewis Barker, member of the Executive 
Council of the State, and long a prominent attorney 
and political leader in Eastern Maine, is of an old 
English family, which has been traced back to the begin- 
ning of the twelfth century. It is not certainly known 
when his ancestors reached America, but it was at least 
two hundred years ago, when they are found occupying 
farmsteads at Exeter, New Hampshire. On the mother's 
side he is of the Peases of Parsonfield, among the ear- 
liest settlers of that part of Maine. He was born in 
Exeter, Penobscot county, which was named by his father 
and associates from the old home in the Granite State. 
His natal day is February i8,i8iS. He was the fourth 
son and seventh child of Nathaniel and Sarah (Pease) 
Barker, who were married in Exeter, and lived there the 
whole of their married life. His father was killed by an 
accident m Bangor in 1823, at the comparatively early 
age of thirty-eight. The mother survived until January 6, 
1880, when she passed away forever from the old home 
in Exeter, at the remarkable age of ninety-one. 

Among the brothers of Mr. Barker are the Hon. Noah 
Barker, one of the most prominent citizens of Corinth, 
whose public services are elsewhere duly noticed in this 
History; and the late David Barker, Esq., who was also 
a native of Exeter, and resided there all his days as an at- 
torney, frequently relieving his severer labors, however, 
with the composition of a class of simple, popular poems 
which earned him from William Cullen Bryant the appel- 
lation of "the Burns of America." Among the best 
known and widely circulated of his writings are "The 
Empty Sleeve," "The Under Dog in the Fight," "The 
Covered Bridge," and others, which all the English- 
reading world knows by heart. In 1876, after his death 
— which occurred two years before — his works were col- 
lected and privately published, under the editorship of 
the subject of this memoir, with a biographical sketch by 
Judge John E. Godfrey, of Bangor. The feeling and el- 
oquent eulogy pronounced by Judge Peters before the Pe- 
nobscot Bar formed a part of the biography. Although 
printed only for private circulation, tlie work was much 
viewed in the Independent and other leading journals 
of the day, sometimes at great length, and numerous of- 
fers have been made by publishing houses for its republi- 
cation for the general market; which it may be hoped, 
in the interest of popular poesy and general literature, 
will one day be permitted. 

The young Lewis was trained mainly in the stern 
school of the world. He received soine formal educa- 
tion in the rude district schools of his childhood, with 
four or five terms at intervals at Foxcroft Academy, dur- 
ing the Principalships of Dr. Stevens and Professor 
Ropes, 1830-34. From the age of fourteen, however, he 
"did for himself." He boarded two miles from the Acade- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



7^S 



my, working and " doin;^ chores" for his boaid, and 
walking. to and fro in all weathers. When sixteen years 
old he began to teach school in a district adjoining his 
home, and for seven years taught more or less in that and 
other schools of Exeter and elsewhere. His opportuni- 
ties were improved, however, in perfecting himself in his 
studies and reading somewhat widely. About 1838 he 
began studying law with the Hon. A. G. Jewett, of Bel- 
fast, but then of Bangor, and formerly United States 
Minister to Peru ; and then with Messrs. Kent & Cutting, 
the head of whom was Governor of the State and after- 
wards became Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, as 
did also Mr. Cutting, the two sitting together upon that 
bench — a quite unique fact in the history of the profes- 
sion. With them he completed his elementary studies, 
and was admitted to the Bar of the State in 1841. He 
began business at once in Stetson, adjoining his old 
home, and remained there in successful and widening 
practice for thirty years. He then removed to Bangor, 
where he has since been prominent in the legal profession 
of the county and of Eastern Maine. He is now head of 
the flourishing firm of Barker, Vose & Barker, whose 
members are himself, Thomas W. Vose, Esq., (admitted 
to the partnership in 1876), and Lewis A. Barker, only 
son of the head of the firm, who was admitted in 1875, 
after an undergraduate course at Union College and a 
professional training at the Albany Law School. 

Mr. Barker, many years after coming of age, took little 
more interest in politics than to do his duty at the polls, 
and in a quiet way in the local party councils. The out- 
break of the war found him a comparatively obscure, un- 
obtrusive country attorney. He had thus far steadily 
supported the Democratic party, but, moved by the new 
issues created by the war, and discontented with certain 
partisan aspects of the situation, he became an ardent 
working Republican, and very soon was well-known in the 
politics of the county and State. For the first time in his 
life he developed an extraordinary oratorical faculty; and 
his services as a Union and Republican speaker were 
early in request in many States. Substantially abandon- 
ing his profession for the time, he gave himself and his 
best efforts to the great cause, and speedily won enduring 
fame for the pungency and power with which he pressed 
his arguments and appeals upon the people. He has in 
later years been called to the stump in New York State 
in every Presidential camjjaign since and including 1864; 
and has also spoken often and effectively for his party in all 
the New England States, in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and other 
leading sections of the country. Countless complimen. 
tary notices, from the press and from distinguished con- 
emporaries, have been given him in the course of his re- 
markable career of the last twenty years, from which a 
good-sized volume might be made up. 

Mr. Barker's services were also soon in demand by his 
fellow-citizens as a legislator and public officer. In 1864 
he was sent by his constituency of the Stetson, Ply- 
mouth, and Newport Representative District to the State 
Legislature, and served in the House that session; then 
in the Senate in 1865-66; and was returned to the House 
the next year, when he was made Speaker of that body. 



and served during the term. In 1870 he was again in 
the House, and with thai closed his legislative service. 
He was on the Judiciary Committee of one or the other 
body every term of service, and Chairman of the Senate 
Judiciary Commitee both terms. He was also on the Elec- 
tions and other important committees. In 18S0 he was 
chosen by the Legislature a member of the Executive branch 
of the State Government, in the Governor's Council, and 
rendered invaluable aid as confidential adviser to Governor 
Davis, who had been his law-student in Stetson, and had 
just become the Chief Magistrate of the State under pe- 
culiarly embarrassing circumstances, after the great strug- 
gle over th.it office in the winter of 1879-80. During 
the whole of the conflict .Mr. Barker was Chairman of 
the advisory committee of his party, and rendered very 
great aid in bringing about the result of Republican vic- 
tory. He is still serving with the Executive Council. 
Mr. Barker was a Representative to the National Repub- 
lican Convention of 1868, which nominated General 
Grant for the Presidency; was one of the committee that 
went to Washington to notify the General of his nomina- 
tion ; and was made at the convention a member of the 
National Republican Committee for .Maine for the next 
four years. He was again a National delegate, to the 
Chicago Convention of 1880, which nominated the late 
General Garfield to the Presidential chair, and was on the 
committee on resolutions, which prepared the Republi- 
can platform of the campaign. 

Mr. Barker was married August 2, 1846, to Miss Eliza- 
beth, third daughter of Colonel Frances Hill, of Exeter, 
and Mrs. Elizabeth (Wasson) Hill. The mother is of 
the family to which belongs the celebrated thinker and 
writer, Mr. David A. Wasson. She is still living. They 
have had but two children, of whom the eldest was Evvie, 
born May 11, 1848, and died November 3, 1872. She 
was regarded by her friends as a lady of great promise, 
and won considerable repute as a writer for the public 
press, in both prose and poetry, two pieces of hers at- 
taining large and probably enduring fame — one, the 
poem beginning — 

Do the angels kiss good-nighl. 

which has been set to music and widely sung, and 
is considered one of the sweetest things in the lan- 
guage. The other, " Angel Whispers," has also been 
generally published as a fugitive piece in the newspa- 
pers of the country. The second and only surviving 
child is Lewis Amasa Barker, Esq., previously men- 
tioned as a member of the well-known law firm, who 
was born .August 12, 1854. He was married Octo- 
ber 14, 1875, 'o Miss Maggie, daughter of the late Moses 
L. Appleton, Esq., a leading member of the Bar in Ban- 
gor in his day, and brother of Justice Appleton, of the 
Supreme Judicial Court. They have one child, a son, 
who is also named Lewis, the third of the family line 
bearing that cognomen. 



766 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



HON. HENRY LORD. 

This gentleman, a prominent business man of Bangor, 
President of the Board of Trade in that city, and ex- 
Speaker of the House of Representatives in the State 
Legislature, is a native of the place, "to the manor born'' 
May 7, 1847. His parents were Charles E. and Caro- 
line Lydia (VVeston) Lord, old residents of Bangor. 
Their son Henry was educated in the public schools of 
the city, and also went for a time to the Bucksport Sem- 
inary. As soon as he was of age, however, he began his 
business career as a clerk for Mr. Thomas I. Stewart, a 
prosperous shipping broker and general commission mer- 
chant in Bangor; but in due time, having received a good 
training under Mr. Stewart, he set up an independent es- 
tablishment in the same business and at the identical 
stand where he has since remained and now is, at No. 21 
Exchange street. 

Mr. Lord not only began his business life in early man- 
hood, but also entered into politics almost as soon as he 
became a voter. Adopting from the beginning the prin- 
ciples and policy of the Republican party, ffe quickly be- 
came active and prominent in the organization of that 
party in his native city, and after a few years began to 
receive ]3ublic office at its hands. He held several ward 
offices prior to 1872, when he was elected a member of 
the City Council from the Third ward, and was continued 
in that body by successive re-elections for three years. 
During his second and third yeais he served, by the suf- 
frages of his fellow-members, as President of the Coun- 
cil. In the fall of 1876 his field of action as a political 
leader and legislator was enlarged. He was elected by 
his party as a Representative in the State Legislature 
from the Bangor District, and was returned to the same 
house the next year, during which his business and gen- 
eral ability and integrity secured him the high position of 
Speaker of that chainber — the third office in the State. 

Mr. Lord, previous to his more active business career, 
had read a course in legal study with Messrs. Peters & 
Wilson (now Wilson & Woodward, the head of the for- 
mer firm having become a judge of the Supreme Judi- 
cial Court), and with Colonel Jasper Hutchings, then and 
for some years since the Prosecuting .Attorney for Pe- 
nobscot county. Although he finally chose his life-work 
in another vocation, and was never admitted to the prac- 
tice of the law, he has found the knowledge attained by 
his studies of much value to him in his legislative service 
and in his business, especially in maritime affairs, in 
which he has been largely concerned. He is quite ex- 
tensively interested in shipping, having an interest in a 
large number of coasting and sea-going vessels, of a con- 
siderable part of which he is either agent or inanaging 
owner. 

Among other local honors bestowed upon Mr. Lord, 
he was in the spring of 1881 chosen President of the 
Bangor Board of Trade. He also served for some years 
as a member of the city School Committee, and is a Di- 
rector of the Mechanics' Library Association. He is now 
in the prime of his manhood, in good health and most 
energetic, efficient action in whatsoever will advance his 



business interests or aid to build up the community in 
which his life has been spent. 

The religious faith of Mr. Lord is that of the Univer- 
salists, although he is not in membership in their church. 
He has twice been elected Vice President of the Maine 
State Convention of Universalists. 



CAPTAIN CHARLES A. BOUTELLE. 

This distinguished gentleman, the senior proprietor 
and editor-in-chief of the Bangor Daily Whig and 
Courier, is a native of the Pine-tree State, born at 
Damatiscotta, February 9, 1839. When he was but nine 
years old, in 1848, his parents removed to Brunswick, 
where he was given a good common-school and academic 
education. His parents wished him to add a collegiate 
course; hut his father was a prominent shipmaster, and 
the boy had imbibed a taste for "a life on the ocean 
wave," which took him early to sea on the vessel of the 
elder Boutelle, under whom he passed early through 
several grades of the seafaring profession. He had been 
on the deep already about nine years, although now but 
twenty-four years of age, when, upon his return from 
foreign parts, in February, 1862, he found his country at 
war. His patriotic instincts led him at once to offer his 
energies to the Covernment in that arm of the service for 
which he felt best fitted; and upon the recommendation 
of leading commercial houses in New York City, backed 
by Senator Fessenden and Congressman (now Judge) 
Walton, of Maine, he was appointed by the Secretary of 
the Navy as Acting Master, his commission dating from 
April 8, 1862. He was assigned to the war-steamship 
Paul Jones, of the South Atlantic Squadron, and served 
upon it during the blockade of Charleston, participating 
in the attacks upon Fort Sumter, the occupation of Port 
Royal by the Federal forces, and the clearance of the 
Carolina and Georgia Sounds along the coast from 
the rebel cruisers aTid gunboats with which they 
were infested. He also bore honorable part in 
dangerous shore duty, as at the battle of St. John's Bluff, 
Florida, and at the capture of Jacksonville, where lie 
commanded a battery of marine howitzers, co-operating 
with the land foices under Colonel Hawley of the 
Seventh Connecticut and Colonel (lood of the Forty- 
seventh Pennsylvania infantry regiments. He was then 
transferred to the squadron engaged in the blockade of 
Wilmington, where he rendered chief aid in the capture 
of the Nutfield and the ^Vild Dayrell, two swift blockade- 
runners. In the spring of 1864, being then sailing- 
master and ordnance officer of the gunboat Sassacus, he 
was in the terrible and close engagement of that vessel 
with the powerful rebel ram Albemarle, which occurred 
May 5 of that year, an engagement characterized soon 
after by a correspondent of the Army and Navy Journal 
as "one of the most unusual and remarkable naval con- 
flicts of this or any other war, in which the contending 
forces were so markedly disproportionate, and the result 
so contrary to preconceived ideas of 'iron-clad' invinci- 
bilility, that it may justly claim to take an historical posi- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



767 



tion on the same page that records the brilliant exploits 
of Decatur and John Paul Jones.'^ The Albemarle was 
beaten oft" and badly disabled, and her consort, the gun- 
boat Bombshell, with four rifled guns, a large quantity of 
ammunition, and a full complement of otificers and men, 
was captured. Captain Boutelle's services were conspic- 
uous in this action. Lieutenant-Commander Roe, of the 
Sassacus, in his official report said: 

I take great pleasure in testifying to llie fine conduct of Acting 
Masters A. W. Muldaur and C. A. Boutelle. These officers were as 
cool and fearless as at a general exercise. I respectfully recommend 
each for promotion to the grade of Lieutenant, deserved for good be- 
havior and ability before the enemy in battle. 

Mr. Boutelle was accordingly promoted by Secretary 
Welles, within three weeks afterwards, to the highest 
grade which a volunteer officer could then obtain in the 
navy, an honor conferred for this special reason upon 
few during the Rebellion, — that of .Acting Volunteer 
Lieutenant, "in consideration," the Secretary wrote, "of 
your gallant conduct in the action with the rebel ram 
Albemarle on the 5th inst." He was assigned to the 
command of a light draught gunboat in the Louisiana 
waters, but was presently transferred, at his own desire, 
to the fleet of Admiral Farragut, which was about to 
attack Mobile. He volunteered to lead the movement 
upon the defenses, and his was the first vessel to force 
the obstructions below the city. Upon the retreat of the 
rebel force, he followed it for some distance up the Tom- 
bigbee, and captured a cotton laden steamer and a crew 
from the rebel Admiral Buchanan's flag-ship. He subse- 
quently held for a time the position of an .\cting Com- 
modore, in command of the naval forces in Mississippi 
Sound, occupying the waters from Lake Pontchartrain 
to Mobile Bay. After some further service in the South 
until the close of and after the war, he was finally dis- 
charged, at his own request, when near the end of four 
years of distinguished service, and left the navy January 
14, 1866. He afterwards commanded a steamer running 
between New York and Wilmington, and then accepted 
an engagement with a prominent shipping commission 
house in New York City. He had a strong bent for 
journalism, however, and had already written much in 
various ways for the newspapers. In the spring of 1870 
the proprietors of the Whig and Courier, at Bangor, 
offered him the post of managing editor of that influen- 
tial journal. He accepted tor a trial of three months, 
and at the termination of that period consented to a 
permanent engagement. May 15, 1874, the establish- 
ment was bought by himself and his present partner, 
Mr. Benjamin .A. Burr, he remaining editor and !Mr. 
Burr taking charge of the publishing department. The 
history of the Whig and Courier under their conduct is 
well known through all the Penobscot country. Mr. 
Howard Owen, in the series of articles on .American 
Journalism, in the New York Telegram, said the following 
in the forty-fourth number, which was devoted to the 
Bangor Whig and Courier: 

The newspaper men of the State concede to Captain Boutelle a 
position in the foremost rank of the profession. His styleof writing is 
chaste and cultured, as it is pointed and vigorous. Never striking at a 
fallen foe, he aims ponderous blows at error in all its forms, while truth 
and the right, as viewed from the solid and unmistakable Republican 



platform on which he has ever stood, never had a moreeamest, devoted 
and stalwart defender. In the habit of forming his own opinions, his 
editorials come out fresh and sparkling from the mint of his own un- 
biased thought, without waiting to draw ready-made from the metro- 
politan press, as editors of less breadth of thought find it most conve- 
nient to do. This mdependence and feariessness have given to the 
Whig a commanding position and influence rarely attained by a news- 
paper published in a city the size of Bangor. 

An editorial reference to the article, in the same num- 
ber of the Telegram, comprised the following handsome 
comphments: 

An apt illustration of the fitness of the polemic temperament for the 
press is presented to-day in our liistory of the Bangor Whig and Cou- 
rier. The present prominence of that paper is due less to the honor- 
able record of nearly half a century behind it than to the half-dozen 
years of Charles A. Boutelle's .-idministration. It will be noticed that 
Captain Boutelle has displayed the instinct for fighting in every profes- 
sion or vocation to which he turned liis hand, in actual war and in 
politics. In the conflict of ideas wherein he now bears a leading ban- 
ner, he has always been a noted and stalwart fighter. .Ml his preceding 
exertions, tending to develop his t.alent for aggressiveness, for cham- 
pionship and leadership, qualified him for his present work. When 
he stepped into the ranks of journalism he was a journalist ready 
made. 

In the canvass of i88o Captain Boutelle was the 
choice of his party as a candidate for Representative in 
Congress; and although he was pitted against almost 
hopeless odds, he made a very gallant fight, and came 
out of it with a highly flattering, though not otherwise 
successful vote. 



Wn.LIAM H. BROWN, M. D. 

Dr. William Hammond Brown, ex-Mayor of Bangor, 
and long a leading practitioner in the city, belongs to one 
of the oldest families in Eastern Maine. On his 
mother's side, as his name may hint, he is a Hammond. 
His maternal grandfather. Captain William Hammond, 
from whoin the Doctor is named, was the original pro- 
prietor of most of the tract now occupied by Bangor, on 
the west side of the Kenduskeag, and from him Ham- 
mond street is named. He was a soldier of the Revolu- 
tion, his commission being signed byCeneral John Han- 
cock, and now in the possession of Dr. Hammond. His 
daughter Sophia was the wife of Mr. George Washington 
Brown, who came from Concord, Massachusetts, to 
Bangor about 1805, and engaged in trade as a merchant 
in the firm of Taylor iv: Brown, who occupied a modest 
frame store on the ground now covered by the elegant 
Wheelwright & Clark Block. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown 
were born five children, of whom William was the fourth, 
and the second son. The oldest brother, George W. 
(named from his father), is a lawyer in St. Louis, where he 
has been practicing for many years ; the youngest 
brother, Reuben Howe (also family names), lived in 
Boston for some time, and died there about ten years 
ago. The oldest sister, Sophia, married Professor D. S. 
Talcott, late of the Theological Seminary in Bangor, and 
is now- dead: the younger sister, Mary, became Mrs. 
George W. Pickering, wife of the well-known business 
man in West Bangor, and is now also deceased. The 
venerable mother survived until November 4, i88r, 
when, at the age of ninety-one years, she departed this 
life at the residence of her son, the subject of this sketch. 



768 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



William Hammond was born on what is now High 
street, in this city, [une 14, 1822. He attended the 
public schools to some extent; but at a select school at- 
tached to the S eminary in his early days he was fitted for 
college. He entered Bowdoin in 1838, and was gradu- 
ated with honor four years thereafter. He began to 
read medicine at once with Dr. John Mason, one of the 
most famous of the old practitioners in Bangor. During 
three courses he attended the lectures in the Medical 
Department of Harvard University, at the same time en- 
joying the advantages of the Tremont Street Medical 
School, in Boston. He received his diploma from Har- 
vard in 1850. He had thus spent nearly nine years in 
faithful and well-directed study before applying for 
his medical degree. Not satisfied with this, he went 
abroad and engaged in clinical work and further study 
under the great masters of London and Paris. He re- 
ceived his instruction in surgery mainly under the cele- 
brated Velpeau, and pursued his medical studies at the 
French capital with the eminent Drs. Valleix, Trous- 
seau, and Ricard. He also spent several months in 
Dublin, in studying diseases of the eye under Dr. William 
R. Wilde, Oculist to the Queen, and at the lying-in 
hospital known as the Rotunda, then in charge of the 
eminent obstetrician. Dr. William McClintock, where he 
made special studies in obstetrics and gynrecology. This 
very thorough preparation over, he returned and made a 
final entry upon American practice. Before going 
abroad he had spent about three years in the profession, 
in Massachusetts and at his old home, and returned to 
Bangor for the recommencement of his business. In 
1857, his health having failed him in Bangor, by reason 
of overwork and the severity of the climate, he removed 
to St. Louis, where he recovered his health and secured 
a large practice, which he maintained until the outbreak 
of the war. He then found residence in the border city 
quite too unpleasant for a Yankee, and turned his face 
once more to the familiar hills of the Penobscot, among 
which his life has since been spent, in the active and 
successful practice of his profession. He has preferred 
to remain alone in its pursuit, and to cultivate a general 
practice, rather than specialties, although when in Dublin 
he intended to become an oculist. Singular to say, also, 
he has never had more than one student in medicine, 
and that one Dr. Henry A. Reynolds, later the famous 
temperance lecturer, and recently founder of the town of 
Reynolds, in Dakota. 

Although somewhat in public office, Dr. Brown has 
never striven to be prominent in politics, or to take posi- 
tion as a leader. The first ticket he voted was a Whig 
one; but he has been an unswerving Republican from the 
inception of Republicanism. In 1854 his fellow-citizens 
placed him in the Common Council of this city, where 
he served one year, and then went abroad. He was re- 
turned to the City Council in 1878, as a member of the 
Board of Aldermen ; but at the expiration of his term 
was elected Mayor of Bangor, and served so acceptably 
that he was renominated and re-elected to the same post 
in 1880. He is the only native of the city who has ever 
thus far been elevated to this distinguished position. 



During the late War of the Rebellion his medical abil- 
ities were in request as a member, under appointment of 
the Governor, of the State Board for the Examination of 
Surgeons, before whom candidates for the medical staff 
of the army were required to appear. He is a member 
of the Maine Medical Association, and has long been a 
leading member and for two years President of the Pe- 
nobscot County Medical Association, of which he was 
one of the founders. He has been a Free and Accepted 
Mason for over twenty-seven years, and is now a mem- 
ber of St. John's Commandery of Knights Templars, in 
Bangor, and of the subordinate societies. 

Dr. Brown was united in marriage June 12, 1851, in 
Leicester, Massachusetts, to Miss Anna Eliza, only 
daughter of John and .\nn (Jenkms) Woodcock, a worthy 
couple of that place, of which the father was a native and 
a child of one of the oldest families. Dr. and Mrs. Brown 
have two children — Annie Loise, who is with her parents 
home; and May Hammond, who is married to Professor 
John L. Stoddard, of Boston, the celebrated tourist 
and popular lecturer. She has invariably accompanied 
her husband in his tours of travel, and has thus enjoyed 
rare facilities for seeing the world. 



DR. E. F. SANGER. 

Eugene Francis Sanger, M. D., a promment prac- 
titioner in Bangor, and a medical ofificer of celebrity 
during the late war, was born on the 18th of October, 
1829, in Waterville, Maine, oldest son of Zebulon and 
Charlotte (Wayne) Sanger, and the second of four chil- 
dren. The father was then engaged in that city as a 
merchant and lumber operator. He was of Dutch an- 
cestry, but the family had been in America for some 
generations, settling originally at Framingham, Massachu- 
setts. The name is a very rare one in this State. On 
his mother's side the Doctor shares somewhat remotely 
the blood of the renowned Revolutionary general, An- 
thony Wayne. Eugene's early schooling was for a single 
term in the public schools of Waterville; he then entered 
the Institute there, and afterwards the Academy, where 
he completed a preparation for college. He was almost 
ready for college, indeed, when but thirteen years old; 
but his health breaking down, he was unable to complete 
his preparation until two years afterwards, when he en- 
tered Waterville College, now Colby University. He 
spent three years here with credit, and then went to 
Dartmouth for his senior year. He was graduated from 
this famous old school with the class of 1849. He then 
returned to Waterville, after a time visited \'irginia, and 
while there made an engagement as a tutor in the family 
of Lawrence B. Washington, on the old estate in West- 
moreland county, where General George Washington was 
born. He remained with the Washingtons a single win- 
ter and then returned home. He had already begun to 
read medicine in a private way, and looked forward to 
the life of a physician. At Waterville he entered the 
office of Dr. N. R. Boutelle, and with him finished his 
preparatory studies. He had meanwhile taken one 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



769 



course of lectures in the Medical Department of Bow- 
doin College, and another at the Jefferson Medical 
College in Philadelphia, from which he took his diploma 
in March, 1853. After this very ample preparation, he 
began practice in the responsible post of Assistant-Sur- 
geon in the United States Marine Hosi)ital at Chelsea, 
Massachusetts. In the fall of the same year (1853) he 
was appointed Assistant-Surgeon of the Charity Hosjiital 
at New York city, on Blackwell's Island, serving in the 
various medical departments of the public institutions 
on the Island. He was a little more thftn a year in these, 
and then received an appointment as Assistant Physician 
in the Children's Hospital on Randall's Island, also near 
New York City. He declined this flattering appoint- 
ment, however, and went to Europe instead, where he 
pursued his professional studies and inquiries in the re- 
nowned hospitals of Edinburgh, London, and Paris. In 
about six months he returned to this country, and in 
Mav, 1855, settled as a practitioner at Ellsworth, in this 
State. He remained but two years here, however, and 
then removed his office to Bangor, where he has since 
remained in profitable and successful practice, e.xcept 
when absent during the late war. On the 24th of June, 
1861, Dr. Sanger was commissioned by Governor Wash- 
burn as Surgeon of the Sixth Maine Regiment, with the 
grade of Major. He served in the medical department 
of the Army of the Potomac until November g, i86r, 
when, after due examination, he was commissioned Brig- 
ade Surgeon, his comission being signed personally — 
not stamped, as afterwards — with the signature of Presi- 
dent Lincoln. Out of thirty examined for nine vacancies 
for this post, he was the third commissioned. On his 
original appointment, when Surgeons were examined by 
a State Board, he had been tlie first commissioned, and 
was one of but two commissioned as full Surgeons among 
twenty-five examined. The physician examined next 
before him had been already appointed by the Governor, 
was wearing a showy uniform, and was a large, " beefy " 
fellow. The Doctor is small and wiry; and when the 
Board came to pass him, the remark went around, "This 
is a case of Brain against Beef! " He continued to act 
as Regimental Surgeon, however : but was attached to 
the staff of General Hancock as the medical officer of 
his command until he was ordered to the Department of 
the Gulf. 

In April, 1862, Dr. Sanger reported to General B. F. 
Butler, at Ship Island, and was assigned as Brigade Sur- 
geon to the command of General Phelps, of Vermont. 
After the capture of New Orleans, he was made Medical 
Purveyor of the Department of the Gulf and Surgeon in 
charge of St, James Hospital, in the city. He was then 
assigned to duty as Medical Director of the defenses of 
New Orleans under General Sherman, and was Surgeon- 
in-chief of General T. W. Sherman's division during the 
siege of Port Hudson. It was upon his report that a 
number of rebel doctors were ordered out of the Federal 
lines, notwitiistanding their declaration that their pres- 
ence in New Orleans was absolutely necessary to the 
treatment of yellow fever. The Doctor reported that 
they were nol necessary, and they had to go. He was 
97 



presently assigned to General Franklin's (afterwards Gen- 
eral Emery's) corps, the Nineteenth, as Medical Direct- 
or, and was with it during the Western Louisiana and 
Red River expeditions. During the latter, after the 
retreat from Pleasant Hill, he, in pursuance of a promise 
made to our wounded men, skillfully penetrated the 
rebel lines, though under fire, with a small guard and an 
ambulance load of medical supplies, and actually got 
back to that place, forty miles distant, was met by a flag 
of truce (the enemy thinking the whole Federal force 
had returned), was admitted to the hospitals where the 
Federal wounded lay, ministered abundantly to their 
necessities for several days, and finally re-entered the 
Federal lines safely, after serious difficulties and deten- 
tions. This feat vvas hardly paralleled by any other event 
in the medical service during the war. He was on the 
staff of General Franklin in the battle of Sabine Cross 
Roads, when that officer was wounded in the leg and his 
Judge .\dvocate had both legs shot off. He had after- 
wards, in his capacity as Medical Director, the charge of 
the hospitals at Natchez, and also of the hospital steam- 
ers on the river. His next assignment was in July, 
1864, as Surgeon in charge of the Government hospital 
at Annapolis Junction, near Washington; and then to the 
medical charge of the Elmira prison for rebel captives, 
from August to December of the same year. He long 
afterwards wrote an elaborate and convincing defense of 
the management of this prison, in answer to the attack 
upon it by General Hill, of Georgia, from his place in 
the Senate chamber — which defense was widely copied 
and commended iu txe Northern papers. 

After Elmira, Surgeon Sanger became Medical Di- 
rector of the Department of Michigan under General 
Hooker, and was in charge of the Harper General Hos- 
pital in Detroit. Finally he reported to General Thomas 
at Nashville, just after the siege of that city by General 
Hood, and was made Medical Director of the District of 
East Tennessee, with general charge of the hospitals on 
Lookout Mountain. He vvas once assigned as Medical 
Director of the Department of Arkansas ; but another 
appointment was substituted for this. His experience 
with the army was thus very full of important executive 
work. In September, 1865, he was finally mustered out 
of the service, and returned to Bangor, where he promptly 
resumed practice, in which he has since remained 
steadily, without special incident. His practice has been 
large and lucrative, especially in the department of 
surgery. Under Governor Chamberlain's administration 
he was Surgeon-General on the Executive staff, with the 
grade of Colonel. During the war, while at Chattanooga, 
he was breveted Lieutenant-Colonel in the Medical SlaflT 
of the army. 

Dr. Sanger is reputed to have the largest surgical prac- 
tice of any surgeon east of Portland. In this department of 
practice his services are in demand all over Eastern Maine. 
Besides the usual professional round of duty. Dr. 
Sanger has contributed numerous papers to medical 
periodicals and the Transactions of the Maine Medical 
Society. Among the topics treated are the Resection of 
Joints, Abscesses of the Lungs, Litholapaxy, Malpractice, 



770 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



etc. The last-named paper was published in pamphlet 
form, was widely circulated, and obtained much reiiuta- 
tion. Some of his cases of exsection of the elbow, 
during his service with the army, are noticed at length in 
Dr. Culbertson's prize essay on the Excision of the 
Larger Joints of the Extremities, publislied in 1876. 

The doctor is a Republican in his political faith, but 
has not aimed at prominence in politics. He was a mem- 
ber of the Common Council in 1870-71, and has been 
Pension Surgeon at Bangor, by appointment of the 
General Government, since 1868. In 1876 he was 
chosen President of the State Medical Association. He 
is an honorary member of the Detroit Academy of 
Medicine, also of the Baltimore Medical and Surgical 
Society. He is now Surgeon of the Second Regiment 
of State Militia. 

Dr. Sanger was united in marriage in Boston, Mas- 
sachusetts, December 9, 1857, to Miss Emily Fay, 
daughter of Sabin and Caroline (Fay) Pond, of Ells- 
worth, Maine. They have had three children, all living 
— Mary Lottie, born March 27, 1S59; Sabin Pond, 
born September 14, 1861, now a student in Harvard 
College; and Eugene Boutelle, named from his father 
and his father's medical preceptor, born February 20, 
1871. 



DR. SUMNER LAUGHTON. 

Sumner Laughton, M. D., is a native of the Pine-tree 
State, born in the ancient town of Norridgewock, Somer- 
set county, April 5, 1812, just before the outbreak of the 
last struggle with Great Britain. He was the youngest 
child in a family of eight, most of whom lived to vener- 
able age, one of his brothers, John, dying but a few 
months ago aged ninety years. He was of English stock, 
and his father, John Laughton, was one of the early set- 
tlers of Norridgewock. His elementary education was 
received in such primary schools as the time and place 
afforded; but he attended a private academy in Norridge- 
wock, kept by the Rev. Mr. Brimblecom, thence in 1828 
went to Bloomfield Academy, where he remained until 
the fall of 1829, when he returned to Norridgewock and 
took a select course of studies under the tuition of the 
celebrated Rev. Josiah Peet. In 1830 he entered as 
student the office of Dr. John S. Lynde, of Norridge- 
wock, father of Mr. John H. Lynde, a former editor of 
the Bangor Whig and Courier. At the same time he 
continued his classical studies with a law student in the 
office of Judge Tenney. In the summer of 1831 young 
Laughton came to Bangor and studied with Dr. Samuel 
Bradbury, whose student he remained until Dr. Brad- 
bury's death in 1833. He had, however, meanwhile at- 
tended the Medical Department of Bowdoin College, 
from which he was graduated with the degree of M. D. 
in March, 1834. After the death of Dr. Bradbury, he 
pursued his studies during the vacations with Dr. Elihu 
Baxter. He had meanwhile practiced for a few months, 
as the habit of medical students not infrequently was in 
those days, about 1833, in the present town of Passa- 



dumkeag. After graduating he established himself in 
Orono as a practitioner, and remained there two years, 
when he removed to Foxcroft, then in Penobscot, but 
now in Piscataquis county. Here he practiced success- 
fully for a somewhat longer period, but ni 1849 hfi de- 
cided to remove to Bangor, where he had visited the 
hospitals for cholera patients the summer before, and on 
whose behalf he had volurteered his services. Here the 
entire remainder of his nearly half-century of professional 
life has been spent. He has had a very wide and varied 
general practice, p'erforming not a few of the great opera- 
tions in surgery, in which his business has been large. 
He is now the oldest physician in Bangor in continuous 
professional life, and very likely in the Penobscot Vallej', 
although not the senior of some in point of age. He is 
still in practice, though of late years he has restricted 
himself to counsel and calls by day, declining night ser- 
vice. He has always had a high place in the profession 
of the county, since his removal to Bangor, and was for 
a term or two President of the Penobscot Medical Asso- 
ciation. He has never, until last summer, when ill 
health compelled it, taken a vacation of any length, ex- 
cept occasional visits to Boston and to the hospitals of 
New York and Philadelphia. 

Dr. Laughton was an old-time \Vhig in the days of 
Whiggery, but became an Abolitionist and then a Repub- 
lican upon the organization of that party. He was a 
member of the lower branch of the City Council from 
the First Ward in 1864-5 <i'id 1S65-6; but never was 
smitten with the mania for office-seeking, and had no 
ambition for public life. When Mr. Greeley was nomi- 
nated for President, he received the support of Dr. 
Laughton; and since that campaign the Doctor has not 
been conspicuously identified with any party. He is a 
member of the First Baptist church in Bangor, is a 
Royal Arch Mason, and was Past Grand of a Lodge of 
Odd Fellows in Foxcroft, which expired during his resi- 
dence there. 

Dr. Laughton was married in 1835, January 27th, to 
Miss Mary Ann, daughter of Nathaniel and Matilda 
(Young) Parker, of Hampden, who is .still living in a 
fairly hale old age. They have had four children — 
Frances Parker, born January 15, 1836, in Orono, now 
wife of Benjamin H. Mace, Esq., of Bangor, County 
Attorney for Penobscot; Edward Sumner, born in Fox- 
croft the 1 8th of September, 1838, and now residing in 
Calais, Maine, where he has practiced dentistry for nearly 
twenty years; Henry Herbert, deceased; and Frederick 
Malvern, born May 3, 1S44, who is the subject of a 
sketch below. Mrs. Mace, of this family, is well-known 
in the literary world, in which she has had a. reputation 
for more than twenty years. One of her earlier poetic 
pieces has a very wide fame — "Only Waiting," which was 
published anonymously when she was but about sixteen 
years old. A more ambitious effort, which has been re- 
warded, not only by enduring popularity and fame, but 
by the honor of illustration in an elegant edition by 
Fredericks, is her poem of "Israfil," published in Har- 
per's Magazine for May, 1879. A great many other 
pieces, mostly in poetry, have been contributed to Lip- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



77J 



pincott's, the Atlantic, and other magazines, and to the 
leading, newspapers of Boston, some of which have won 
lier many compliments from her compeers in the fields 
of literature, as well as from those who have been de- 
lighted by the sweet singer. A number of them are 
treasured permanently in the cyclopaedias and compen- 
diums of literature which have been published in this 
country. 



HON. FREDERICK M. LAUGHTON. 
This gentleman, a prominent attorney in Bangor, and 
the only Mayor of the Democratic persuasion elected on 
a Democratic ticket the city has ever had, is a native ot 
Foxcroft, Maine, born, as above slated, May 3, 1844, 
youngest child of Dr. Sumner and Mary A. (Parker) 
Laughton. He was five and one-half years old when his 
parents removed to Bangor, and took his first formal ed- 
ucation in the public schools of this city, going through 
the entire course of elementary study as then organized, 
and passing through the High School, whose curriculum 
he finished in i860. His preparation for college had 
thus been completed; but the failure of his eyesight com- 
pelled him to rest from study for some years, and he 
finally determined to go on with readings in law instead 
of the classics. He began in the office ot his brother-in- 
law, Benjamin H. Mace, Esq., in 1864, and remained 
therein until the fall of the next year, when he entered 
the Harvard Law School, from which he was graduated 
with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, at the commence- 
ment of 1866. In the meantime, at the October term of 
court, 1865, he had been admitted to the Penobscot 
Bar, which enabled him to graduate at Harvard after 
but one year's residence. He returned to Bangor, and 
at once formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, 
under the firm name of Mace & Laughton, their office 
being in the same block (Wheelwright & Clark's) where 
Mr. Laughton now is. In 187 1 this partnership dissolved, 
and each opened an office in another place for separate 
practice. Mr. Laughton went into the building then 
known as Bass's Block, where he remained about two 
years, or until the spacious and pleasant rooms he now 
occupies, and had long desired, became vacant, when he 
secured them, removed his office, and has since contin- 
uoubly remained there. October i, 1880, he took into 
partnership Frank H. Clergue, Esq., who had been a 
student in his office, where Mr. Clergue's preliminary pio- 
fessional education had been taken altogether, after 
graduation at the State College. He had practiced for 
a year alone, with much success and pojiularity, before 
his partnership with Mr. Laughton. This firm is still 
maintained, under the name and style of Laughton & 
Clergue, which enjoys a large, varied, and successful 
practice. 

Mr. Laughton early swung away from the political 
faith of his father, and has been a consistent and un- 
swerving Democrat since his life as a full-fledged citizen 
began. He soon became well known in the party, though 
not attempting to make himself at all conspicuous in its 
counsels or campaigns, and was elected in 1868, when 



but twenty-four years of age, a member of the Common 
Council from the First Ward of the city. He was re- 
turned the next year; and in March, 1875, after a some- 
what close and heated canvass and two trials at the polls, 
he was elected Mayor by a majority of about one hun- 
dred against a customary majority of the opposition of 
four to six hundred. He served his term without special 
incident, except the introduction of the water supply into 
the city, and retired at its close. He has since not been 
in public life apart from the regular course of his pro- 
fession, which brings him at times, as other lawyers, 
before the eye of the community. 

Mr. Laughton is unconnected with any of the religious 
organizations. He is a member of the Order of Free 
and Accepted Masons, in which he is a Master Mason 
and a member of Rising Virtue Lodge, No. 10, in Ban- 
gor; is also an Odd Fellow, a Past Grand Master of the 
State, and two years a Representative from the Grand 
Lodge of Maine to the Grand Lodge of the United 
States; and a Knight of Pythias, in which order he is a 
Past Grand Chancellor of the State, and likewise Past 
Supreme Representative, an honor which entitles him to 
[lermanent membership in the Supreme Lodge of the 
World. These associations seem, for the present at least, 
quite to satisfy the social side of his nature, since he yet 
remains in the enjoyment of single blessedness. 



CALVIN SE.WEY, M. D. 

Dr. Calvin Seavey, the oldest practitioner by continu- 
ous service in Bangor or in Penobscot county, is himselt 
a native of this legion, born near the south border of 
Exeter, June 15,1809. He was the seventh child and 
fourth son of the Rev. Reuben and Polly (Pease) Seavey, 
of that town for many years. The father was one of the 
earliest settlers in Exeter, only two whites having been 
chopping there in the woods before he entered. He was 
a Calvinistic Baptist minister and a farmer, preaching 
for a number of years in later life to the church at North 
Newport, where he was residing at the time of his death 
in the year 1829. The mother survived until 1872, when 
she departed this life at the advanced age of ninety-one. 
Her third child, Reuben, brother of Dr. Seavey, was the 
first-born of white parents in Exeter town. They had 
sixteen children— eight sons, and as many daughters- 
most of whom lived to maturity; and there was only one 
pair of twins among so numerous births. 

Calvin's elementary education was received at the 
fireside until he was fifteen years old, when he began 
attending the common schools of the town in the 
winters, laboring diligently on the home farm and for 
hire elsewhere during the warmer seasons. He had not, 
until he was twenty-one years old, more than six weeks' 
schooling in any one year. The next day after he be- 
came of age he re-entered the town school, then taught 
by iMiss Julia Barker, sister of the Hons. Lewis and 
Noah Barker, and in the fall attended another k«pt by 
E. F. Crane, Esq., who is still living in Kenduskeag. 
He began to get some reputation as a scholar, and was 



f72 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINfi. 



presently invited to take the winter school in Carmel vil- 
lage. He taught it with a success that surprised him 
and his friends, and he was engaged for three consecu- 
tive terms, when he declined further engagement, and 
began the study of medicine. In the intervals of teach- 
ing the winter schools at Carmel he had studied during 
several terms at Foxcroft Academy, and by the fall of 
1834, when he was twenty-five years of age, he had an 
excellent preparation for college. He decided, however, 
to commence professional study without further delay ; 
and the following spring he entered the office of Dr. 
Paul Ruggles, of Carmel, brother of his first wife. He 
was two years with Dr Ruggles, and then read for one 
year with Dr. Daniel McRuer, of Bangor, attending during 
the winters three courses of lectures at the Maine Med- 
ical College, at Brunswick, from which he was graduated 
with the degree of Doctor of Medicine May 18, 1837. 
The same spring he settled in Stetson, not three miles 
from his birthplace, for general practice, and remained 
sixteen years. He had a very extensive circuit of pro- 
fessional visiting in what was then a rather sparsely set- 
tled country, probably twenty-five miles from his lesi- 
dence in each direction, and thus into Piscataquis, Som- 
erset, and Waldo counties, and ot'ten much further. His 
favorite practice was surgery, in which he achieved much 
success; and these facts led to his calls more frequently 
from a distance than came to some of the country phy- 
sicians. Notsvithstanding his large and lucrative practice, 
Dr. Seavey decided to remove to a more congenial field 
in Bangor. He came to the city in May, 1853, and has 
since resided and practiced continuously here. He has 
retained his ancient enthusiasm for surgical practice, so 
important in a lumbering country, and has probably per- 
formed more operations in the same period than any 
other surgeon in Maine since Dr. Green died. He has 
had, moreover, the usual general practice of local jihysi- 
cians, but in a very large and successful degree. Al- 
though now seventy-two years old, he yet remains in the 
full exercise of his professional talents for the benefit of 
his suffering fellow-men. He is a member in good stand- 
ing in the Penobscot County Medical Society, the 
Maine Medical Society, and the American Medical As- 
sociation, before one or the other of which he has fre- 
quently read papers and engaged in discussions upon 
professional topics. He has steadily refused to accept 
ofificial honors in any of these societies, having a decided 
dislike to conspicuity. In 1870 he delivered before the 
Maine Medical College a lecture on The Natural and 
Moral World and their Phenomena, which attracted 
much attention, and was printed in pamphlet form. 
He has several times been invited to address the Alumni 
Association of the Jefferson Medical College, at Phila- 
delphia, and accepted once, when he pronounced an in- 
teresting address upon the history of the College, with 
biographical sketches of a number of its professors. 
This effort won him much applause, and led to subse- 
quent invitations, which he declined. Dr. Seavey is him- 
self an alumnus of Jefferson, having spent parts of eight 
or ten winters in study and investigation there, and finally 
taking his examination and a second degree of M. D. in 



1871, when he was sixty-two years old. For many years 
he has made a habit of taking a few weeks' vacation in 
January and February, not for touring and junketing, 
but for careful observation and study in the hospitals of 
New York and Philadelphia, particularly in the Bellevue 
Hospital in the former city, and at the Pennsylvania 
Hospital, ot Philadelphia, with which the Jefferson Med- 
ical College is connected. He is not likely ever to feel 
too old to learn, and still keeps up his knowledge of 
Latm and other scholastic attainments, with much pleas- 
ure and profit. At the commencement of Bowdoin Col- 
lege in 1863, Dr. Seavey had conferred upon him, in 
recognition of his scholarship and professional success, 
the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He is the 
founder of the Seavey Anatomical Museum, in the Med- 
ical Department of that college (or the "Maine Medical 
School," his alma mater, to which he is still warmly at- 
tached. He gave this Museum $1,000 in gold, and has 
since added benefactions, with which his own valuable 
collection will presently be included. He also gave $500 
to build the Memorial Hall upon the college gi'ounds. 
He has ever taken just pride in the literary institutions 
of the State, and has given liberally to aid them, show- 
ing thus his faith by his works. 

The doctor is a Republican in his political faith, but 
has had no ambition for leadership in the party, still less 
for ofifice-seeking or office-holding. He is a member of 
the Independent Congregational (Unitarian) Society in 
Bangor, and has not cared to connect himself with any 
of the secret societies. 

Dr. Seavey was first married in Carmel, October i, 
1836, to Miss Ann W., daughter of the Rev. Paul and 
Mercy (Dexter) Ruggles, the first settlers of that town. 
He had by her two children — one son and one daughter 
— of whom the former only is living, Paul R. Seavey, 
Esq., of the Bangor Whig and Courier, and a well-known 
popular lecturer. Mrs. Seavey died six weeks after the 
birth of her daughter, her death occurring in November, 
1838. The doctor was remarried December 24, 1839, 
his second wife being Miss Mary Ann, daughter of the 
late Heni'y Hill, Esq., of Exeter. He had five children 
of this marriage, in order as follow: Henry Hill, who 
became also an able physician, and at a very early age, 
being a demonstrator of anatomy at Michigan University 
when scarcely twenty years old, and subsequently Dem- 
onstrator at the Bellevue Hospital, and at the Maine 
Medical College four years, but dying when only thirty- 
four; Henrietta Ellen, who was born in April, 1S47, and 
died in July, 1879; Jerome Harris, died at three years 
of age ; Jerome Aden, deceased at two years; and Cly- 
minia Spaulding, died at three years. The mother died 
in the year 1871; and the doctor was married for the 
third time in July, 1877, to Miss Emma, daughter of 
Wari'en Weston, Esq., of Brewer, who is his present wife. 
They have had one child, a son, named Calvin Gross 
Seavey, from his father and an excellent friend of his in 
Philadelphia, the celebrated surgeon. Dr. Samuel D. 
Gross. This son was born November 4, 1879, and died 
nine months afterwards, July 26, 1880. 

The Hon. Noah Barker, of Exeter, a lifelong friend of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



773 



the Doctor, has kindly sent the compilers of this work an 
additiqnal biographical sketch, from which we are able 
to make but the following extracts: 

High upon tlie list of our "self-made men," who have arisen by their 
own untiring efforts from obscurity, penury and destitution, to the 
comforts and enjoyments of refined society, even to the highest distinc- 
tion in their professions, stands the honored name of Dr. Calvin 
Seavey. 

"Is there for honest poverty 
That hangs his head, and a' that?" 
If such there be. Dr. Seavey belongs not to that class of "fools" al- 
luded to by the "ploughman poet." Honest poverty he considers no 
disgrace to any man. and especially to him who has struggled through 
it and extricated himself from its pinchmg grip. Often has the writer 
of this sketch listened to the Doctor while, with tearful eyes and quiver- 
ing lips, he would speak of the poverty and wretcliedness of the family 
during the eariy years of his childhood, .ind feelingly allude to the hard- 
ships and sufferings endured by his honored parents in piocuring the 
bare necessities of life, and tlie means to keep the children from a sutte 
of actual starvation ! . . . 

The doctor is now past seventy-two years of age, and is still vigorous 
and in perfect health. His professional business is very extensive, and 
at no time of his life has he had a more active practice than at present. 
He is now living happily in his old age with his present young, accom- 
plished, and much beloved companion. 

In closing this brief sketch of Dr. Seavey, it may be proper to add 
that he is noted for his good old Saxon pluck, no less than for his 
kind-hearted generosity, seeming to admit the sentiment that — 
" There is nothing on earth like ' true grit," 

It will raise up the feeble and clinical; 
Take a man, as it were, from the pit. 

And uplift him to Fame's highest pinnacle. 
So the Doctor ignores the word ' fail,' 
With an eye far above 'water-level,' 
And determines to ' weather the gale,' 
In defiance of Fate or the Devil !" 



HON. NOAH WOODS 

was born in Groton, Middlesex county, Massachusetts, 
September 26, 181 1. His mother died in the autumn of 
1816, leaving seven children, two of whom were younger 
than Noah; in consequence whereof, early in 18 17, he 
was taken to Baldwin, Cumberland county, State of 
Maine, to live with an uncle, William Fitch, Esq., whose 
wife was his father's own sister. His uncle had a large 
farm, was also owner of timber-lands and saw-mills in his 
vicinity, and was engaged more or le.ss in the lumber 
business. When very young, the services of Noah were 
called into requisition in taking care of stock, working 
on the farm, and as he grew older, in addition thereto, in 
assisting in all the varieties of lumbering operations from 
cutting, hauling, and driving logs to manufacturing them 
and taking care of and marketing the lumber. The mills 
were located on the Northwest River, in that part of 
Baldwin now in the town of Sebago, and before the days 
of the Cumberland & Oxford Canal the lumber from 
them was hauled to Sebago Lake, rafted, and taken 
across the lake to Chadbourne's Landing, in Standish — 
there taken out and hauled by ox-teams to Portland, 
about fifteen miles. In all the work incident to getting 
the lumber from the forest to^Chadbourne's Landing he 
participated more or less. When the Cumberland & 
Oxford Canal was opened, his uncle was ready with his 
canal boat, and was amongst the very first in making the 
passage across Sebago Lake and through the new canal 
to Portland. Noah Woods was one of his crew on this 



trip, a common sailor before the mast on the lake and 
behind the horse on the tow-path on the canal. In the 
course of his first season of the canal he made several 
trips on his uncle's boat, and won quite a reputation for 
himself as a boatman. In the spring of the next year, 
1830, having become dissatisfied with his situation and 
prospects at his uncle's, and rather liking a boatman's 
life, he withdrew unceremoniously from his long-time 
home and associations, and hired out as a boatman with 
Luther Fitch, Esq., who had built a new boat and was 
just commencing business as a trader at Northwest 
River. This movement cut hiui off entirely from all the 
home he had, and during his engagement with Fitch the 
canal boat was his home. In the autumn of 1830 he 
went by invitation to live with his cousin, William Fitch, 
Jr., who resided in Sebago, very near his father's. Here 
he remained during the winter, taking care of the cattle 
and attending the district school. The term was short, 
and when it closed, by solicitation of many of his school- 
mates, he opened a private school, which was fairly well 
attended and was continued about six weeks. This was 
his first effort as a teacher, and his pupils pronounced it 
a success. 

His opportunities for obtaining an education had been 
limited to an attendance from ten to twelve weeks in a 
year at a little backwoods country school. At hi»uncle's 
he had access to desirable, valuable books, and acquired 
a taste for reading, and during the winter evenings and 
whenever a spare moment could be found by daylight or 
pine-knot light, it was given, as a rule, to his books. In 
the spring of 1831 an effort was made by William Fitch, 
Jr., and others, to induce him to return to his uncle's, 
which would have been successful but for an invita- 
tion from Major Thomas Perly, of South Brighton 
(now Naples), to enter into his employment, and in the 
summer to take charge of a new canal boat then on the 
stocks. .NLnjor Perly was a wealthy man, and had an in- 
teresting and highly intelligent family about him, some 
of his children being very near the age of Noah, and he 
was not very long in deciding to take up his abode there. 
Until 1839 he had no other home. For four seasons in 
succession he managed the Major's canal boat acceptably 
to him, and in the autumn of 1832, having accumulated 
a little money, he entered the academy in North Bridg- 
ton, continuing there until the boating season opened in 
the spring of 1833. Again in the autumn of that year he 
returned to the academy, and in the winter of 1833-34 
took the school in his old district in Sebago and boarded 
at his uncle's. The older pupils here were his former 
schoolmates and acquaintances, but his success as a 
teacher was marked, and the result was that for four 
more winters in succession he kept the school, and in the 
autumn of 1837 kept a ten-weeks' term of high school 
in the same house. His career as a boatman terminated 
in the autumn of 1834, and after that, when not engaged 
in teaching, his time was spent at the academy in North 
Bridgton until the spring of 183S. In the summer of 
1836 he taught school in Machias, Maine, and in the 
autumn of that year was assistant teacher in Bethel 
Academy one terra, and in the spring of 1837 was em- 



774 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ployed there again one term. In the spring of 1838 he 
entered the office of Charles Washburn, Esq., in Harri- 
son, Maine, as a law student, remaining there until au- 
tumn. The winter following he taught the district school 
in North Bridgton, and in April, 1839, entered the office 
of Hon. John S. Tenney, of Norridgewock, Somerset 
county, Maine, as a law student. In the spring of 1841 
he was admitted to the Bar in that county, and at once 
opened an office as a practicing lawyer in Gardiner, 
Maine. In the autumn of the same year, having previ- 
ously become managing agent for the owners of a town- 
ship of timber land in the eastern part of the State, a 
partnership in the law busmess was arranged with Charles 
Danforth, Esq., now Judge Danforth, of the Supreme 
Judicial Court. The partnership continued most amica- 
bly until 1855, when, in consequence of an accumula- 
tion of busmess upon his hands outside of the profession, 
Mr. Woods withdrew. 

In February, 1844, he was married to Miss Sarah W. 
Ballard, of Gardiner, who died in the spring of 1845. 
The first public office held by him after his establishment 
in Gardiner was that of Superintending School Commit- 
tee, to which he was elected in the spring of 1845, and to 
which he continued to be elected up to and including 
the spring of 1862. In October, 1846, he was married 
to Miss Harriette E. Blisli, of Hallowell, Maine. Th» 
same year and in 1847 he represented the town in the 
Legislature. Gardiner became a city in 1850, and in 
that year he was a member of the Common Council, 
President of the Board, and also City Solicitor. In 1862 
and 1863 he continued to be City Solicitor, and was 
also Chairman of the Board of Assessors and of the Board 
of Overseers of the Poor. In i854he was elected Mayor, 
and by successive elections held that office up to and in- 
cluding 1858, and again in 1861 and 1862. From 1854 
to 1863 he held the office of President of the Oakland 
Bank, and during much of the same period was Secre- 
tary and Treasurer of the Great Falls Paper Mill Com- 
pany. In 1861-62 and 1862-63 he was a member of 
the State Senate. In February, 1861, his wife died, and 
in December, 1862, he was married again to Mrs. 
Frances A. Blake, widow of the late William A. Blake, 
Esq., of Bangor, Maine; and in May, 1863, took up his 
residence in Bangor. Early in 1864 he was appointed 
by Mr. McCulloch Comptroller of the Currency and 
National Bank Examiner, and had assigned to him the 
States of Maine and New Hampshire. At the end of 
two years an E.xaminer for New Hampshire was ap- 
pointed in that State, but he retained the office and per- 
formed its duties m Maine until 1869, when, in conse- 
quence of the pressure of railrtiad work, he resigned. In 
April, 1865, he was appointed a Trustee of the State Re- 
form School, in which position he was retained eight 
years, and during the whole period was President of the 
Board. In March, 1864, he was elected Clerk and also 
Treasurer of the European & North American Company, 
and in the following July entered upon the duties attach- 
ing to said offices. This was the beginning of his career 
as a railroad man, having had up to that time no practi- 
cal knowledge of railroad matters. April 9, 1868, he 



was elected a Director of said company, and retained 
these offices without interruption until December, 1872, 
when, upon the consolidation of the European & North 
American Railroad Company with the European & 
North American for extension from St. John west- 
ward, he was made a Director in the consolidated 
company, and also Clerk and Treasurer, and all these 
positions he continued to hold until the failure of the 
consolidated company, and the taking possession of its 
railway and property by B. E. Smith, Esq., as Trustee of 
the consolidated bondholders. Thereupon he was ap- 
pointed his agent and cashier. At his displacement a 
year later by the Trustees of the Land Grant bondhold- 
ers he became the Cashier under the new dispensation, 
and continued in this position until October 13, 1880. 
Upon the organization of the new company, at that time 
he was chosen a Director, and later on was appointed 
President and also Treasurer, which positions he still 
holds. 



GENERAL SAMUEL VEAZIE. 

General Samuel Veazie, who for many years bore so 
important a part in the business affairs of Bangor and its 
neighboring towns, was born at Portland, Maine, April 
22, 1787. He was the son of John Veazie, whose father. 
Rev. Samuel Veazie, came to reside in Harpswell from 
Nantasket in 1767. In his boyhood he was apprenticed 
to the trade of baker, until he arrived at the age of ma- 
turity, when Jie reasoned, from the experience of his 
master, that the road to wealth did not run in that di- 
rection, and hence concluded to seek some other em- 
ployment. He adopted a seafarmg life, and at once 
enlisted as a sailor, before the mast, at $8 per month 
wages, in the West India trade. In making his bargain, 
however, he secured, in addition, certain rights of stow- 
age both ways, and subsequently made purchase of 
other or extended rights of the same kind. These 
Ijrivileges he so skillfully utilized and turned to so good 
account m the way of ventures, that in the course of a 
few years he had earned and accumulated sufficient 
money to purchase the whole of a vessel of two or three 
hundred tons. 

After three or four years of this kind of life, he entered 
upon a new course as manufacturer and vender of cigars 
and tobacco in its various forms. Soon after adopting 
this trade, he removed to Topsham, as a place more fa- 
vorable to his work. There he gradually added other 
articles of merchandise to his stock, until he became a 
general trader in all sorts of goods ordinarily kept by 
country stores. In this, as in almost everything else to 
which he turned his attention, he met with flattering suc- 
cess and encouragement. An amusing anecdote is told 
of him in connection with this part of his history. For 
some time after his removal to Topsham, he was accus- 
tomed to make his purchases of goods at Portland. Hav- 
ing resolved to extend his custom to Boston, he took, on 
board his vessel up, a lot of oars for sale, upon the pro 
ceeds of which he relied to procure the means of paying 
for his goods, at least in part. Of other traders on board he 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



775 



enquired the name of some one who would be likely to 
purchase his articles. They jocosely gave him the name 
of a leading dry goods merchant on Kilby street. On 
arrival at the wharf he made quick tracks to the store of 
the party recommended. The latter at once saw, in the 
person of the young applicant, a shrewd and promising 
customer, and without hesitation entered into his views, 
procured a [)urchaser for his oars, sold him what he de- 
sired of his own stock, and introduced him to others, so 
that he was able to go home with a good variety of goods 
and a fine credit. And on comparison of bills, on his 
voyage back, they found that his prices were decidedly the 
most advantageous of any secured by the members of the 
whole company. 

While living in Topsham he gradually extended his 
business so as to embrace various other branches, in all 
of which success seems to have always attended his efforts. 
In navigation he continued to retain his interest, as well 
as in ship-building. To this he added an interest in 
lumbering, which also proved profitable. This led to his 
becoming the sole or principal owner of the Androscog- 
gin Boom, which he managed with his usual success. The 
vessels which he owned he usually, to a large extent, 
freighted with his own lumber to the West Indies, always 
finding a good market there and ready return freight. 

His skill and energy in business are well illustrated by 
a story, which he used afterwards to relate, of the way he 
"came it over" the British in the War of 1812. A vessel 
of his was obliged, by stress of weather, to take shelter in 
a harbor on the coast of the Bay of Fundy, where it was 
detained by the military authorities, as a prize from the 
enemy. Young Veazie at once hurried to headquarters, 
where he procured orders for the release of the vessel, 
and started off to deliver them with all the speed that 
the means of conveyance at that day afforded. He ar- 
rived in season to get his vessel under way before coun- 
termanding orders reached the local authorities, and he 
was safe. 

While living at Topsham the General was largely iden- 
tified with all the social, religious, and political interests 
of the town, and was ever liberal in their support, as also 
he was in all mattars having in view the moral and nat- 
ural improvement of the place. His contemporary citi- 
zens, fellow-workers with him, and many a tree and other 
monuments, still left as \vitnesses, will attest the truth of 
this remark. His agents and sea-captains were selected 
with such care, and were so treated wliile in his service, 
as ever to bear willing testimony to his integrity and 
honorable conduct. During the War of 18 12 he was a 
loyal citizen, lending his aid and influence as best he 
could for his country; and being then in the ranks of the 
militia, he gradually worked himself up from the office of 
Ensign until he reached the highest rank of General, a 
rank which gave him his well-known appellative for the 
remainder of his life. 

After several years of such active life in Topsham, he 
very naturally sought a wider field for his ambition and 
enterprise. His interests in the lumber business neces- 
sarily turned his attention to the headquarters of that ac- 
tivity on the Penobscot. In 1826 he became the pur- 



chaser of the Jackson Davis mills and privileges at Old- 
town, which introduced him to the principal manufactory 
of lumber on that river. He gradually enlarged his pur- 
chases, until he came at last to own the entire privilege 
and all the mills at Oldtown Falls, on the w-est side of the 
river, a title which he continued to hold until death. 
The mills were several times wholly or partially de- 
stroyed, but on every occasion were promptly rebuilt, so 
that at his death all were left in good running order. 
'I'he mills were the principal industry of the town, and 
to him arc justly credited the activity and enterprise 
which ever during his whole life characterized that village. 

While procuring the title, the Williams mill privilege 
was offered for sale at auction. Veazie and Wadleigh 
being equal owners of the balance of the shore, it became 
a matter of a good deal of importance which should se- 
cure the title thus offered for sale. Both of course ap- 
peared to bid. At about $30,000 Wadleigh ceased bid- 
ding, though the auctioneer did not. The game was 
continued until Veazie was run uj) to $40,000, when the 
property was struck off to him at that price. Having de- 
tected the cheat, he refused to (lay any more than the 
bid he first made after Wadleigh stopped. This led to 
a lawsuit, which came off at Augusta, when the sugges- 
tion was made by the presiding justice that the result 
must be as Veazie contended, unless the auctioneer was 
authorized to announce the bids as he did. This made 
it necessary to have the auctioneer's testimony and a con- 
sequent haste to know what that testimony would be. 
Both parties started by "express" for Bangor where the 
auctioneer resided. They both arrived in town at about 
the same time, but Veazie had the advantage of knowing 
where he lived. He consequently saw him first, and the 
auctioneer was all right. He was "not authorized," and 
Veazie gained his case. 

General Veazie removed to Bangor in 1832, taking up 
his residence in a house on the west side of Harlow 
street, a few doors north from Abbott Square. Shortly 
after, he built what is known as the "Veazie Homestead" 
at the corner of York street and Broadway, where he 
continued to live until his removal to Veazie. While 
building his house, Mr. Crosby commenced erecting his 
on the next lot above, which was of course on a little 
higher level. As this might give his neighbor a com- 
manding advantage, the General concluded to add an 
additional third story to his house, as he "would not be 
looked down upon by anybody else." 

After his removal to Bangor, he continued the same 
general course of life as before, though on a much more 
extensive scale. As connected with his lumber industry, 
he came to own at first one-half, and finally the whole 
of the Penobscot Boom and its charter, a property which 
proved to him one of great profit and value. As sole 
corporator, much amusement was occasionally caused in 
court circles by the exhibition of his records, which show 
him holding corporation meetings all alone at his house, 
voting himself President, Clerk, and Director, and Iran- 
sacting all the essential and usual routine of corporate 
life. Though often led to deliberate upon certain proposed 
action, yet, very generally, the final vote was unanimous 



776 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



upon its adoption or rejection. A serious question was 
raised at one of the court trials whether the corporation 
was a "sole" or "aggregate" one in its character. The 
owners of the boomed logs, however, were very generally 
of the opinion that, whatever doubt there might be on 
that question, there was none whatever upon the other, 
that the corporation was soul-less. 

As mill-owner he came to be the largest of any man m 
Maine. After securing the title of all the mills on the 
falls in Oldtown, some nineteen in number, he bought 
out the "Corporation Mills" at North Bangor or Veazie, 
consisting of twenty more, and also the Basin mills at 
Orono, embracing thirteen others, making fifty-two in all. 
Those at Veazie he gave to his son John, but the others 
he continued to own until his death. 

About the time of his removal to Bangor, the railroad 
was built from Bangor to Oldtown, one of the very first 
railroads in America. In 1S50 the track was extended 
across his land to the river at Oldtown, which led to a 
grave lawsuit on the question of damages, which was 
tried before a jury on the premises, and resulted in a 
verdict for $17,000. Other suits followed, which finally 
resulted in a purchase of the road and charter by Mr. 
Veazie, on such favorable terms that it became one of the 
General's most profitable investments. This road he 
contmued to operate until he died. The necessity of 
having a railroad up the valley of the Penobscot im- 
pressed itself on his mind, and he placed himself in the 
way of helping it on and sharing largely in its benefits. 
At his own expense he built the bridge across the river, 
at the head of the falls, and run his cars to Milford. 
Unexpected difficulties came in the way, which prevented 
the road being extended beyond that point before his 
death. The European & North American Railroad 
coming to be built soon after, along the shore from 
Bangor, his heirs sold out their road and franchise to it, 
and thus ended the whole thing. 

General Veazie was never a very active politician or 
ofifice seeker, and hence had little to do in that line. 
During a single term he was a member of the Governor's 
Council and afterwards for two years an Alderman of 
the city. At another time he was a prominent candidate 
for Representative to Congress, but was unsuccessful. 

Early in the General's business life at Bangor he be- 
came interested in banking, and having become principal 
holder of the stock of the old Bank of Bangor, he be- 
came its President, and almost its sole manager. On 
the expiration of its charter he sought to have it renewed, 
but at the suggestion of the bank committee, the new 
bank was incorporated by the name of the "Veazie 
Bank." This he managed with great skill and success 
all his life afterwards, so that it came to rank among the 
firmest and most reliable institutions of the kind in the 
country, its bills being ever of the safest character. 
Travelers to the South and West and elsewhere always 
regarded themselves well fortified against accidents of 
travel if only duly supplied with Veazie Bank issue, a 
fact which, in days of State Bank circulation alone, was 
one of no small significance and importance. 

The town of Ellsworth having, by the failure of its two 



banks, suddenly found itself deprived of all bank facilities, 
General Veazie established a branch of his bank there, 
and run it until the National bank system came into 
vogue. 

After the war commenced and silver currency disap- 
peared from circulation, the want was, in the eastern 
part of Maine, largely supplied by fractional scrip put 
into circulation by the General, over his own signature, 
^ to the amount of $70,000, in denominations of ten, 
twenty-five, and fifty cents, respectively. The scrip was 
universally accredited and received wherever offered, 
, and afforded great relief to the community, until the 
; Government interfered to do the same thing on a larger 
scale. Quite a large amount is still out, held probably, 
where not lost, by curiosity-seekers, or as mementoes of 
the past. The scrip contained, in its corner, a very well 
executed likeness of the General, which was said to 
afford, by well understood tests, a sure proof of the 
genuineness of the thing. The scrip is still redeemable 
at the Veazie Bank counter, and an occasional piece 
makes its appearance. 

For particular reasons the General refused to go into 
the National Bank arrangement, and hence never took 
out a charter under it. He claimed the right to circulate 
his State Bank notes as currency, notwithstanding the 
prohibitions of the National act. The result was that 
the Government called upon him to pay the ten per cent, 
tax on his circulation, which he refused. Other State 
Banks, similarly situated, joined with him to test the 
question before the United States Courts, Hon. Reverdy 
Johnson and Caleb Gushing being employed as counsel. 
His bank was made to lead off as party, and it was in his 
case that the Supreme Court of the United States gave 
their decision supporting the constitutionality of the law, 
and the consequent binding character of the tax. Thence- 
forth and thereupon all State Bank circulation in the 
United States ceased. 

Under the old State Bank system the banks were often 
accused of overstepping the limits provided by law for 
their circulation. The Veazie Bank was not free from 
such a scandal, but on the contrary, it was called upon 
by the Legislature, on one occasion, to defend itself 
against the charge. The General made his personal 
appearance and "owned up," excusing himself on the 
ground that the people would have his bills, and when 
they got them refused to bring them back, and so he was 
obliged to issue new bills to meet the demand and wants 
of the bank and people too. He was dismissed with a 
caution, but it was not known that he ever adopted any 
new rule of conduct. 

While this same State Bank system was in existence 
the Suffolk Bank "plan of redemption " was also in vogue, 
requiring all other banks to keep a sum of money in their 
vaults free from interest, for the purpose of redeeming their 
bills as they found their way to its counter. General Veazie 
could not see why he should be called upon to do so, and 
in common with many other country banks, regarded the 
plan as an imposition and unjust, and so refused to 
obey. The result was that the Suffolk Bank, in all such 
cases, would make "a run" on the offending banks for 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, xMAINE. 



777 



the purpose of their subjugation. But the General was 
not thus to be conquered. Having procured to be passed 
an act -of the Legislature giving banks a certain time 
within which to pay their bills, when so presented, the 
Veazie Bank availed itself of the time allowed, much to 
the annoyance of the Suffolk. Having acknowledged 
the demand, the bank would send a manager to Boston 
or elsewhere, and by exchanging secuiities possess him- 
self of checks on the Suffolk Bank, which, within the 
days of grace, he would present at the Suffolk and de- 
mand the specie and therewith pay their own bills, thus 
compelling the Suffolk, not only to hold the bills for the 
specified time, but at last furnish the specie wherewith to 
pay them. A recent writer on the subject remarks that 
"one of the most strenuous opponents of the Suffolk 
Bank system was the Veazie Bank of Bangor." 

The State having granted \V. B. S. Moor and his 
brother the exclusive right of steamboat navigation on 
the Penobscot above Oldtown, General Veazie being of 
opinion that there was money in it, and holding the act 
illegal, himself built a boat and put it on the river in op- 
position. This led to litigation to determine the consti- 
tutionality of the e.xclusive act. After passing through 
the courts of this State, the case went to Washington, 
where it was argued before the full court and decided 
adversely to the General, the court holding the act con- 
stitutional, and thus settling the grave question how far 
the Legislature had exclusive jurisdiction over navigable 
waters. Being thus defeated he took his boat to pieces, 
transported it to California, reproduced it there on the 
Sacramento, and operated it to great advantage, far 
more than compensating him for the loss of his case in 
^Liine. 

It was one of General Veazie's characteristics that, 
while ever ready to grant to others their legal rights, he 
was always equally persistent in claiming his own. He 
was hence often involved in lawsuits, several instances of 
which we have already cited in this sketch of his life. 
Among the most famed of all suits in the eastern part of 
Maine was one which arose between him and VVadleigh 
respecting their rights to certain mill [)rivileges at Old- 
town, and in which Daniel Webster and Jeremiah Mason 
were enlisted as counsel, the former by Wadleigh and the 
latter by the General. The suit never had any legal ter- 
mination by judgment, but quietly subsided, and all dis- 
putes were finally settled by Veazie purchasing all of 
Wadleigh's interest, more or less, in the shore and falls. 

Very numerous suits were afterwards waged between 
the General and the owner of the next privilege below, 
which lasted for many years and with varied success. The 
questions being, many of them, unsettled at his death, 
were finally adjusted by his heirs purchasing the lower 
privilege and mills, and thus quieting all controversy. 

^L^ny other suits of importance besides those men- 
tioned are to be found on the dockets of our courts, all 
the way along the course of his life, some of very grave 
importance; but space will hardly allow any more partic- 
ular description of them here. It was ever a rule of the 
General always to accejjt a tender. He was once, by ad- 
vice of counsel, persuaded to vary his rule and refuse a 



tender made. He lost his case, however, and never after- 
wards repeated the experiment. 

In 1854 General Veazie removed from Bangor and 
took up his residence in Veazie, a small town incorpora- 
ted the year previous, from the territory of Bangor, tak- 
ing its name from him. His removal did not interfere 
with or interrupt his business in any respect, except as it 
took all his personal property from the tax lists of the 
city and gave it to the new town thus brought into exist- 
ence. He erected a new house within its limits, about 
four miles from his former home, and there made his 
legal residence for the remainder of his life. He died in 
Bangor, at his winter home, on the 12th day of March, 
1868, at the age of eighty-one years, lacking only 
a few days. He left, of course, a large estate, which his 
heirs inherited as an intestate estate, which was adminis- 
tered upon by his grandsons, Charles V. Lord and Alfred 
Veazie. 

While living at Topsham he married Susanna Walker, 
of that town, who was born March 29, 1792. Their 
marriage took place July 3, 1809, and she died June 27, 
1852. By her he had five children, two of whom died 
young. The others were as follow, viz : Jones P. Veazie, 
born June 2, 1811; married Mary Jane Winslow, and 
died February 16, 1875. John W. Veazie, born October 
30, 18 1 2; married Ruth Maria Bartlett, and is still alive 
in 1 88 1. Frances A. H. Veazie, born July 18, 1818; 
married Nathaniel Lord, and died April 21, 1866. 

After the death of his wife Susanna, General Veazie 
married Mrs. Mary C. Blanchard, May 17, 1859, who 
still survives. 



GENERAL S. F. HERSEY. 
The Hon. Samuel Freeman Hersey, long a wealthy 
and active business and public man in Bangor, and 
Representative of the Fourth District of Maine in the 
XLIId and XLIIId Congresses, was a native of Sumner, 
Oxford county, Maine, born April 22, 1812, son of James 
and Oliver (Freeman) Hersey. Both his grandsires, 
James Hersey and Samuel Freeman, were soldiers of the 
Revolution ; and he thus came of patriotic, as well as 
martial stock on both sides. His father was a farmer, 
and Samuel was born in the first farm-house built by him 
at Sumner. He was a constant attendant at both sum- 
mer and winter terms of the school until about his six- 
teenth year, when he was obliged to take his part in the 
work of the farm in summer and attend school only in 
the winter. He was afterwards a pupil at Hebron .Acad- 
emy and at the Buckfield Grammar School, where he 
met the blooming maiden who subsequently became his 
first wife. He was of studious habit, and had a keenly 
perceptive and receptive mind. He was thus often at 
the head of his classes, and always very near the head. 
He was not a prig or a "dig," however; but was thor- 
oughly cheerful and genial in disposition, and as prompt 
upon the playground as at the recitation bench. Most 
of his leisure hours were devoted to reading, especially 
in history and travels. For novel-reading he had never 
any taste. At school his text-book in parsing for several 



778 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



years was Pope's Essay on Man; and the views of the 
book, as well as its language, made a marked impression 
upon his young mmd, and were largely influential in de- 
termining the liberal views of theology and man which 
he afterwards entertained. In his eighteenth year young 
Hersey began to teach school, and had country schools 
in charge thenceforth for three winters. He was highly 
successful in this vocation, but had an ambition to be- 
come a merchant. He accordingly left the old home- 
stead in 1832, and came to Bangor, where he took a 
clerkship in a store, with no compensation but his board. 
He remained about a year in this position, when, becom- 
ing of age, he determined to make a venture in business 
for himself. He had saved $100 by the closest economy 
during his minority, and, joining this witli about as much 
capital in the hands of an elder cousin, Mr. \V. R. Her- 
sey, the two embarked in storekeeping at Lincoln, in this 
county, in early April, 1833. They did pretty well for 
three years, when the financial crash came, and they lost 
almost all their previous gains. Samuel bought out his 
cousin, who had become disheartened, and continued the 
business alone. Meanwhile he was married, January 5, 
1835, to his school-boy love, Miss Eliza Ann Stowell, of 
South Paris, to whom he was very tenderly attached. 
She died in 1836, September 8, the same year of the dis- 
solution of the copartnership, leaving him no children. 
The next year he engaged in a small way in trade at Mil- 
ford ; but was chiefly occupied in managing a large lum- 
ber operation for other parties. In 1838 a partnership 
was formed with Mr. Jesse Fogg for storekeeping at Mil- 
ford and Bangor, Mr. Hersey conducting the store at 
the former place and Mr. Fogg at the latter. This firm 
endured for twelve years, or until 1850. They presently 
added lumbering to their mercantile business, and made 
large profits. 

In 1842 Mr. Hersey, now less than thirty years of age, 
was called to represent his fellow-citizens of Milford in 
the State Legislature, which he did with conscientious 
fidelity and ability. LTpon his return from Augusta he 
took up his residence at Upper Stillwater, where he had 
rented for three years all the mills in the village. Here 
he was made Postmaster. In the spring of 1844, having 
disposed of his L^pper Stillwater interests, he removed to 
Oldtown, and in October of the same year he made his 
final home in Bangor, where he thenceforth resided to 
the day of his death, nearly thirty years afterwards. His 
first residence was in a brick dwelling on Harlow street. 
In 1850 the firm of Fogg & Hersey was dissolved, and 
the junior partner aided in the formation of the new 
house of Nay, Davis & Co., of which Messrs. Thomas L. 
Nay and Robert Davis, Jr., were members. This co- 
partnership lasted prosperously, with some changes in its 
component parts from time to time, until September, 
1863, when General Hersey, having already amassed 
large wealth and feeling burdened with the cares of his 
estate, and also the management of a large business, re- 
tired from active participation in Bangor affairs. He 
had, about the year 1854, made heavy investments in 
Western lands, and he frequently made long journeys to 
look after them. Although he disliked these absences 



from home, to whose pleasures he was greatly attached, 
he found some compensation in the handsome returns 
these investments yielded him. The towns named Her- 
sey, in Michigan, Minnesota, and other Western States, 
take their designations from his large properties in and 
about them. His heirs still hold large tracts of these 
lands, which have in general become very valuable. 

With all his busy employments. General Hersey found 
time to do the State some service. In the years 1852-3 
he was a member of the Executive Council of the State ; 
in 1857 again a member of the House of Representatives 
in the Maine Legislature; in i860 a delegate to the 
National Republican Convention in Chicago, which 
nominated Lincoln and Hamlin, and was one of the few 
New Englanders in the Convention who were original 
Lincoln men. He was again a delegate in a National 
Convention in 1S64 — that which met in Baltimore and 
nominated Lincoln and Johnson. In 1864-5 ''^ again 
served his county in the lower branch of the State Legis- 
lature. He was also a member of the State Senate in 
1867 and i86g. He was also at least once named by his 
friends in the canvasses for nomination as Governor. 

During the war he gave one son to the Union cause, 
and himself rendered active aid in raising the Second 
Maine Regiment, the First Maine Heavy Artillery (in 
which his son was an officer), and many other com- 
mands. He was appointed Assistant Paymaster-General 
of the State at the outbreak of the war, and personally 
raised the money with which the Second Maine and 
other regiments were paid before taking the field. For 
these services he received no compensation beyond what 
would defray his e.xpenses and losses in disbursing. In 
September, 1872, he was elected Representative in Con- 
gress from the Bangor District, and 'was rechosen in 
1874. His health, however, was rapidly giving way, and 
after several months of suffering he passed tranquilly 
away at his home in Bangor, February 3, 1875. Eulo- 
gies upon his life and character were delivered in the 
House of Representatives, of which body he was then a 
member, by Messrs. Hale and Frye, of Maine, and Dun- 
nell, of Minnesota; and in the Senate by his fellow- 
townsman, Mr. Hamlin, and by Senator Morrill, of 
Maine. The remarks by these distinguished gentlemen 
were thoroughly sympathetic, and their eulogies most 
cordial and apparently sincere. Mr. Hamlin's were 
especially noticeable for their exalted estimate of his 
character and career. 

General Hersey was a very earnest member of the 
Universalist church in Bangor, of which he was the main 
stay. He was abounding yet judicious in his charities, 
in one period of three years giving away nearly $8,000. 
He gave to Westbrook Seminary in a single donation 
$5,000, and Hersey Hall there is named from hini. 

He had no children by his first marriage. July 11, 
1839, he was again married, this time at Milford, to Miss 
Jane Ann Davis, of Sidney, Maine. She, too, died 
January 17, 1862. Of this marriage were born Roscoe 
Freeman Hersey, at Milford, July 18, 1841; Jane Eliza, 
born at Ujjper Stillwater August 4, 1843, died in Ban- 
gor, February 14, 1847; Dudley Hall, born at Bangor 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



779 



December 24, 1846; Eugene May, born in the same 
place November 10, 1851; and Edward Lewis, born also 
at Bangor April 29, 1854. The General's third wife was 
Miss Emily McClellan Sanborn, of Bangor, whom he 
wedded March 17, 1871, and who yet survives him. 
They had no children. 



HON. THOMAS N. EGERY. 

Thomas Newhall Egery, probably the oldest iron- 
worker in the Penobscot Valley, and principal member of 
the Hinckley & Egery Iron Company, in Bangor, is a 
Massachusetts man by birth. His native place is Hard- 
wick, Worcester county, Massachusetts, where he first 
saw the light April 20, 1809. He was the fifth son in a 
somewhat numerous family, comprising seven sons and 
two daughters, children of Thomas and Clarissa (Wash- 
burn) Egery, who occupied a farm in Hardwick. The 
Egerys are of North of England blood, two brothers of 
the name emigrating to America some time before the 
Revolution, one of them settling on Cape Cod and the 
other coming to Wiscasset, Maine. They were ship- 
carpenters, and soon found abundant opportunity for the 
e.xercise of their handicraft in this country. His mother 
was one of the old American stock of Washburns, to 
which the celebrated Massachusetts men of the name 
belonged, they being second cousins of Mrs. Egery. 

Young Thomas was educated altogether m the rude 
common schools of his day in Hardwick, which he aban- 
doned for the yet sterner but more instructive school of 
the great world when he was in his si.xteenlh year. His 
winter terms had not averaged more than two and one- 
half months each ; and he was obliged, by the necessity 
of aiding in the support of the family, to remain at home 
in the summer and take his place as a hand in the field. 
At the age of seventeen he began as apprentice in the 
town (now city) of Worcester, to a blacksmith, Mr. Wil- 
liam A. Wheeler, with whom he completed an apprentice- 
ship; and then, about the time he became of age, he en- 
tered as journeyman in the machine-shop of Messrs. 
Washburn & Goddard, the senior of whom was later the 
head of the great wire-works firm of Washburn & Mowen. 
Mr. Egery still believes that his plan of commencement 
is the best for him who would become an expert machin- 
ist — to begin in the blacksmith's shop. He remained in 
the Worcester shop about one year after the completion 
of his apprenticeship, and then emigrated to Maine, where 
he settled temporarily in Bucksport, laboring for about 
one year (1831) in the blacksmith's shop of Muzzy & 
^Ving, the head of which firm was Franklin Muzzy, Esq., 
then of Bucksport, but since of Bangor. Mr. Daniel B. 
Hinckley, owner of the foundry in connection with the 
niachine-shop, removed his establishment to Bangor in 
the spring of 1832, and was joined by Muzzy & Wing 
with their machine-shop and the hands therein, includ- 
ing the subject of this sketch. This was the first foundry 
and machine-shop to be operated m Bangor. 

Young Egery ceased here to do journey-work, and 
opened a blacksmith's shop for house-work and mill- 



work next the foundry, especially to execute a contract 
he had taken for making the iron doors and shutters for 
the new (the present) Court-house. He still remembers 
most gratefally and pleasantly the kindness and courtesy 
he then, a youth of but twenty-three years, experienced 
from the County Commissioners with whom he nego- 
tiated—Messrs. Thomas N. Hill, John Godfrey (father 
of Judge John E. Godfrey), and Thornton McCJaw, Esq., 
— which greatly helped him to self-confidence and to a 
good start in business. They advanced him $1,000 of 
the public funds wherewith to purchase material and ma- 
chinery, and otherwise gave him substantial encourage- 
ment. He joined with him in this work Mr. Hinckley, 
who was also from his native town and had been instru- 
mental in bringing him to Maine. The young firm was 
entitled Tliomas N. Egery & Co. They performed their 
work on the contract to general satisfaction, making the 
windows and shutters which still, after the lapse of nearly 
half a century, do good service upon Penobscot's temple 
of justice. They continued to do such work for several 
years, with iron fences and verandas and bank vaults, 
most of which manufactures Mr. Egery put up with his 
own hand, and can point with some pride to a great 
deal of his work still in use about the city. In 1838 the 
foundry of Mr. Hinckley and the shop of Thomas N. 
Egery & Co. were united, Mr. Egery becoming an equal 
partner in the new firm, which bore the name and style 
of Hinckley and Egery. The boundary difficulty, or 
"Aroostook war,' was pending the same year, and the 
new firm was soon busily employed, night and day, in 
casting cannon-shot and in forging the irons for the 
"Aroostook boom," several tons of which went into the 
obstruction placed by the State authorities in that river, 
to keep the logs cut by New Brunswick trespassers upon 
our lands from running across the line into acknowledged 
foreign territory. This spasm of war preparation was 
soon over, however; and the firm resumed the even tenor 
of its way, prosperously and reputably maintaining itself, 
and widening its operations and enlarging its works from 
time to time. In 1850 Mr. Egery joined the tide of 
emigration then setting to the golden shores of Califor- 
nia. He went thither by the Isthmus route, while a 
steam engine and other plant of a foundry and machine 
shop were dispatched in a sailing vessel "'round the 
Horn." Messrs. Hinckley & Egery with this started 
the second establishment of the kind founded on the 
Pacific coast, at San Francisco, of which Mr. Egery took 
personal charge for about sixteen months, in connection 
with the young men named just below. He then 
returned to Bangor; but the firm kept its interest on the 
Pacific about two years longer, when it was sold to 
Messrs. Daniel B. and Barney Hinckley, nephews of the 
Bangor foundryman, the eldest of whom is still in the 
business in San Francisco. 

When the War of the Rebellion broke out, .Mr. Egery 
was summoned to Augusta by Governor Washburn; and, 
as the result of conferences there and with others at Bos- 
ton, he agreed for his firm to undertake the rifling of the 
old-fashioned cannon in the State and on the coasts of 
.Maine, which were brought here from several quarters 



?8o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



for that purpose. New machinery had to be constructed 
for this work; but it was rapidly and well done, and in 
such manner as to elicit the praise of the State authori- 
ties, as may be seen by reference to the report of Gen- 
eral Hodsdon, then Adjutant-General of Maine. During 
the war, in 1864, Mr. Hinckley died, a partnership thus 
ending which had endured harmoniously and success- 
fully for thirty-two years. His name is still retained in 
the title of the Iron Company, in honor to his emory. 
After his death the firm of T. N. Egery & Co. was 
formed, consisting of Mr. Egery, his brotherin-law Mr. 
George W. Gorham, and Mr. F. F. French. In about 
six years, or in 1870, the joint-stock company, as now 
known, was formed, with Mr. Egery as President, Mr. F. 
F. French as Secretary and Treasurer, and Mr. Gorham 
as Superintendent. Of late years Mr. Egery has been 
gradually retiring from the more active pursuits of the 
business, and has left the Presidency to younger hands. 
He still, liowever, gives much personal attention to the 
business, and has general care also of the Piscataquis 
Iron Works, in which he has an interest. Notwithstand- 
ing his engrossing employments, he has done some pub- 
lic service. In 1875-76 he was a member of the Board 
of Aldermen in the city government, from the Sixth 
Ward, and in 1872 was elected a Representative in the 
State Legislature, on the Republican ticket, from the 
Bangor District. In each instance a re-election was 
offered him, but was declined on account of his busi- 
ness. He was brought up in the Congregational faith, 
and has been most of his life an attendant upon churches 
of that order, but is not formally a member. Although 
in his seventy-third year, he enjoys remarkably good 
health, of both body and mind. For nearly the long 
period of half a century he has been closely identified 
with important interests in Bangor; and few indeed are 
left who were his contemporaries here in business life in 
1832. 

Mr. Egery's first wife was Miss Sarah Edith Gorham, 
of Bangor, to whom he was united in 1833. They had 
six children, two of whom are still living — Clara W., now 
Mrs. Charles Gibson, of B;ingor; and Sarah Edith, wife 
of Charles C. Prescott, also of Bangor. Mrs. Egery 
died in 185 1, while her husband was on his return frcim 
California. His second wife was Mrs. Nancy O. Wright, 
of Boston, Massachusetts, who is still living. They 
were married in November, 1853, and have one child — 
Mary Annie, wife of Eugene M. Hersey, of Bangor, son 
of the late General Samuel F. Hersey. 



JOHN PRESCOTT WEBBER. 

This citizen of Bangor, one of the heaviest land 
owners and general business men in Eastern Maine, is a 
native of the State, born at New Portland, Somerset 
county, on the border of Franklin, June 23, 1832. He 
was the fourth son and youngest child of a family of 
eight, the offspring of Israel and Hannah (Prescott) 
Webber. The mother was sprung from the same family 
to which belonged the Prescotts of Bunker Hill and 



other historic fame. His father was for many years a 
seafaring man, in the merchant marine; but finally aban- 
doned the sea on account of rheumatism and other in- 
firmities, and spent the later years of his prime and old 
age in Somerset and Penobscot counties, dying at North 
Bangor about 1868, going to his grave "like a shock of 
corn fully ripe." The mother preceded him in death by 
six years. They were a very worthy couple, eminent in 
their piety and integrity, and brought up their family with 
judicious care and fidelity. They had been comparatively 
wealthy upon his retirement from the sea, but through 
the machinations of sharpers and others with whom his 
simple and kindly nature came in contact, his property 
was lost, and his later years were rich only in faith and 
good works. The sons early became self supporting, and 
some of them are reaping the rewards of their early dis- 
cipline in large fortunes. Isaac, the second son, resides 
in Denver city, is a grain and stock-dealer, and a man of 
large wealth. The Hon. Franklin R., the next in years, 
an ex-member of the State Senate, is also independently 
rich — is a prosperous merchant and extensive land owner 
in St. Albans, near Skowhegan, and a rising man in every 
particular. John P., the subject of this sketch, has also 
done remarkablv well in life. He attended the country 
schools in childhood, and obtained the rudiments of a 
fair business education; but was a pupil very little after he 
was thirteen j'ears old, except in the great instructive 
school of the world. At the age of nine he faced the 
problem whether he should be bound out by the Select- 
men of Kenduskeag, where the family then resided, or 
strike out for himself With the independence of his 
nature he determined upon the latter, and walked from 
Kenduskeag to New Portland, where he lived and worked 
on his brother Isaac's farm for a year and a half, and then 
returned to Penobscot county. He now became virtual- 
ly the head and business manager of the family. Tak- 
ing the school-teacher of the district to board, he had 
no little difficulty in collecting the board-bill from the 
Town Treasurer of Kirkland (or Hudson), now the Hon. 
Charles Beale, to whom the bill was presented, on ac- 
count of his youthful appearance. By the tmie John 
was seventeen he had accumulated, by various labors and 
petty trading, the sum of $300, which he took to Boston 
to invest in goods for a country store. He maneuvered 
industriously among the cautious merchants at the Hub 
for nearly a week, before he could obtain credit for any 
purchase beyond his $300. At last Mr. Henry Callender, 
of the firm of Nash, Callender & Co., wholesale grocers 
and provision dealers, took an interest in the clear head and 
shrewd business character of the boy, as evinced by his 
inquiries and remarks, and not only gave him full credit 
himself for all purchases desired, but vouched for him 
elsewhere, until he had bought $6,000 worth of goods. 
The indebtedness on this was promptly paid at maturity, 
as all obligations Mr. Webber has since incurred have 
been met. With his new stock John started a store in 
Ripley, Somerset county, and prospered from the begin- 
ning. He took his brother Franklin into partnership 
shortly, and the two are still associated in a large land 
ownership and business. His brother drew out of the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



781 



partnership in two or three years, and went into business 
in St. Albans, while John set up a store at Exeter, in this 
county. 

It is an interesting fact that the brothers, contrary to 
the general practice of such relations as partners, were 
thoroughly harmonious and congenial in their associa- 
tion, without a word of serious difference; and they wore 
so nearly of a size and figure that either could wear the 
other's clothes as well as his own, and one was accus- 
tomed to put on the other's, if he was going from home, 
and the other had the better. 

After Exeter, Mr. Webber engaged in storq-keeping at 
East Corinth, having meanwhile visited the West, and 
started a broker's and land office in Red Wing, Minne- 
sota, which proved very profitable. In the winter this 
office was closed; but he would return in summer and 
re-open it. When the bottom of such business dropped 
out irrthe crisis of 1857, he made a final closure there, 
retaining, however, large property interests in the new 
State, and devoted himself to the business at East Cor- 
inth. In 1864 he sold out his stock and removed to 
Bangor, where he began operations in land and lumber- 
ing. He had saved $30,000 from the wreck of a fortune 
which he had rapidly accumulated in the West. With 
this he bought a township in Piscataquis county, on 
Ripogenus Lake — No. 3, Twelfth Range; sent into the 
woods the next winter a force of thirty men and twelve 
horses, and put into the lake as a result of the season's 
labor logs to the amount of 1,200,000 feet, which netted 
him $8,000 in his very first operation in the north woods. 
He has cut from six to ten million of feet almost every 
year since, upon his several properties in Somerset, Pis- 
cataquis, Penobscot, Aroostook, Hancock, and Washing- 
ton counties. From first to last he has probably owned, 
partly in association with his brother, at leastiso town- 
ships in these counties. Much of this has been sold, 
but he retains ownership of three to four hundred 
thousand acres, more than S2venty-five thousand of which 
have been purchased within the last year. He has also 
operated somewhat in the manufacture of lumber; but 
he now has only mills in the town of Lincoln, most of 
the wild lands of which he owns, and also the mills on 
Dead Stream, in Alton, which he has recently acquired. 
With the latter he bought ten thousand acres in the west- 
ern part of Alton, running the whole length of the town, 
and about one thousand in Hudson, belonging to the 
same tract. He pays taxes in more than a hundred 
townships. 

Mr. Webber has been a member of the Hammond- 
street Congregational church about five years, having 
been an attendant there nearly all the time since he came 
to Bangor. He was an old-line Whig in politics, but has 
been a steady and strong Republican from the beginning 
of Republicanism. He has not cared, however, to be 
known as a worker "in the machine," or in the least to' 
engage in office-seeking. 

He has resided on Ohio street, at No. 17, nearly the 
whole time of his residence here; but he has recently 
purchased the Larrabee estate, on Broadway, to which 
he will remove by and by. He is still in the prime of 



his manhood, with his business energy and intelligence 
unimpaired, and has the prospect of many years of suc- 
cessful and honorable accumulation. 

Mr. Webber was first married in March, 185 1, to a 
very charming young lady, Miss Annie Sophia, daughter 
of the late Hon. Bradbury Robinson, of East Corinth, 
formerly State Senator from that district. Of this mar- 
riage were born three children — Charles Prescott, born 
December 23, 1853, now the head of the flourishing firm 
of C. P. & F. R. Webber, mill owners and dealers in short 
lumber and lumbermen's supplies at No. 74 Exchange 
street, Bangor; Frank Roscoe, born March 17, 1856, 
junior partner in the above-named house; and Frederick, 
born in May, 1858, and died at the age of six years. 
Mrs. Webber died in Bangor, August 9, 1869, much 
lamented by her host of friends. October 12, 187 1, her 
husband was remarried, this time to Miss Caro Holmes, 
daughter of Eben Blunt, Esq., head of the former house 
of Blunt, Hinman & Company, of Bangor, then among 
the heaviest lumber-dealers in the city. He has three 
children also by this marriage — Jane, born December 5, 
1874; John Prescott, Jr., named from his father, born 
January 13, 1879; and Channing, whose natal day is 
January 9, 1S81. 



COLONEL FRANK D. PULLEN. 

Frank Dexter PuUen, named from his father and pater- 
nal grandfather, is a native of that part of old Waterville 
known as West Waterville, in this State, born April 5, 
1843, second son of Franklin C. and Drusilla (Hussey) 
Pullen. The Pullens are old settlers of Kennebec county, 
having dwelt there for several generations; his mother's 
people have also been long resident in the Kennebec 
Valley. When Frank was eight years old he lost his own 
mother, and he, with the other children, was faithfully 
and tenderly brought up by the wife (whose maiden 
name was Martha Cunningham) whom the elder Pullen 
married in 1856. His formal education was received in 
the public schools of Waterville, he meanwhile assisting 
upon his father's farm as he grew old enough; but at the 
early age of sixteen he left the schools forever, and en- 
tered the Dunn Edge Tool Comi)anies' Scythe and Axe 
Factories at West Waterville, now the largest establish- 
ment of the kind in the world, to learn the trade. At 
first, as a boy, he was a general helper and messenger; 
but it was the intention of the Superintendent of the 
works, Mr. John U. Hubbard, now head of the firm of 
Hubbard, Blake & Co., of the same place, also a very 
heavy house, to teach young Pullen, who was a great 
favorite with him, the whole round of the business. During 
his second year in the establishment, however, the war of 
the Rebellion broke out; and the boy's patriotic instincts 
led him, although he had just turned his eighteenth year 
and was but barely old enough to be received, to enlist 
in the military service. He became a member of Com- 
pany G, Third Maine Regiment (General O. O. How- 
ard's original command) which company was recruited 
altogether from the colleges of Waterville, except ten or 



782 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



twelve young men who were received by special favor. 
He was borne on the rolls of this company during his 
entire period of enlistment, three years; but was soon 
put upon detached service of various kinds in the com- 
missary and quartermaster's departments, and with the 
Adjutant-General of the brigade. During his last year 
he served in the postal department of his brigade, whose 
letters and other mail matter for the several companies 
and regiments he handled with great fidelity. Notwith- 
standing his service in departments which would have 
allowed him to remain in the rear without disgrace, he 
was always in the light when his regiment was engaged. 
He participated in all the battles of the command, be- 
ginning with the first Bull Run, continuing through the 
heaviest campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, and 
ending with the affair at North Anna, in the last days of 
May and first of June, 1864. He got through all safely, 
but suffered a great deal from sickness, as he had entered 
the service a slight and not over-healthy youth, ill-adapt- 
ed to the hardships and privations of war. He neverthe- 
less stuck to the work bravely, although once given up 
for dead of diphtheria, and a prayer being said over his 
remains by one of the army chaplains ; and never once 
took a furlough to go home on account of sickness or 
for any other reason, nor did he lose any time in hos- 
pital except during the terrible illness just mentioned, 
which brought him near to Death's door. 

His period of service over with the Third Maine, Mr. 
Pullen went back to the Army of the Potomac, and re- 
mained with it, and in business in Baltimore for about a 
year, or until the close of the war. He then returned to 
Waterville, intending to go back and engage in per- 
manent business in the Monumental City; but his plans 
were changed by a casual visit to Bangor in September, 
1865. As a consequence of this he made an engage- 
ment as clerk with a brother of his stepmother, Mr. 
James Cunningham, who is still in business in this city. 
After a few months in this and other employments. 
Colonel Pullen was encouraged by a seafaring friend of 
his to open a clothing store for sailors and other custom- 
ers. In April, 1867, he accordingly started a new estab- 
lishment of this kind on Exchange street, at the precise 
stand where he now is. In this business he has steadily 
remained since that year, enlarging his stock year by 
year until his store has grown to its present large propor- 
tions, occupying two Nos., 17 and 19, of Exchange 
street, from basement to attic of the three-story building. 
He began almost entirely without capital, and with a 
stock that required only a little corner, about eighteen 
feet square, of his present spacious quarters, for its ex- 
hibition. By industry, integrity, and strict attention to 
business he has built up a trade that is certainly second 
to none of the kind in Bangor, — if indeed, it does not 
lead the clothing business in the city — all this in the 
space of less than fifteen years. 

In the winter of 1874-75 Colonel Pullen and Captain 
S. H. Barbour, of Brewer, with two or three others, built 
the little steamer May Field, as an experiment in the trade 
with Bar Harbor, which was just getting into notice as a 
watering place. This modest venture, running to Sedg- 



wick and liar Harbor two trips a week, was successful in 
a surprising degree; and in the winter of 1878-79 a 
larger steamer, the City of Bangor, was built, and the 
Bangor and Bar Harbor Steamboat Company was 
formed, in which Colonel Pullen is Secretary and one of 
the Directors, and General Agent of the line, as he has 
been from the beginning. The business continued to 
grow, and still another steamer was required. In the 
wmter of 1 880-81 the Queen City was built, and the 
three vessels have during the last season had a very 
heavy trade, paying the stockholders handsome dividends. 

Colonel Pullen has, of course, retained a lively interest 
in military affairs, and was long borne on the roll of the 
Jameson Guards as an honorary member, and assisted 
in its maintenance as best he could. He was one of the 
original members of the B. H. Beale Post, No. 12, of 
the Grand Army of the Republic, of Bangor, organized 
soon after the war, and has since been one of the most 
active of its members and supporters. In the winter of 
1880-81 he was appointed by the Governor Commissary- 
General of the State, with the rank of Colonel, in which 
position he is now serving. 

Colonel Pullen is also a Free and .A.ccepted Mason, in 
which he is a member of St. John's Commandery of 
Knights Templars, Mount Moriah Chapter, and Rising 
Virtue Lodge, all of Bangor. He is also an Odd Fellow 
in the Oriental Lodge and the Katahdin Encampment ; 
a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Knights 
of Honor; and is connected with several of the open 
societies and clubs of the city. In a number of the or- 
ganizations with which he is connected, he w-as a charter 
member. 

Since he came to the city. Colonel Pullen has been a 
very active worker in the ranks of the Republican party, 
especially in the First Ward, where he has labored 
effectively against a tremendous opposition majority. 
He has never, however, been in anywise an office-seeker, 
nor has he manifested any ambition for political position, 
except as he could' serve the interests of his party, as a 
member of the City Committee and in the various con- 
ventions of the State, county, city, and Congressional 
district. He has been content to remain an influential 
and laborious private of his party. 

Colonel Pullen was married June 23, 1868, in Bangor, 
to Miss Hattie E. Johnson, of that place. They have 
resided for some years at the Penobscot E.xchange. 



ADOLPHUS J. CHAPMAN, ESQ. 

This gentleman, a well-known lawyer and Federal war- 
claim solicitor of Bangor, is a native of Newburg, in this 
county, born on Independence Day, 1837. He was a 
seventh son, born of the union of William and Eliza (Mor- 
rill) Chapman, who occupied a farm in that town for 
many years. Both are now dead. The mother was 
daughter of Thomas Morrill, an old resident of Newburg, 
who died there at the age of eighty-four. Senator Morrill, 
of this State, is of the same blood. William and Eliza 
Chapman had a family of thirteen children, of whom 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



783 



Adolphus was the ninth. Nine of the brothers and sis- 
tcrs are still living, all in Maine but two, who reside in 
California. Thomas M., the oldest, and Augustus P. re- 
side in Oldtown; the former being quite noted as an in- 
ventor, particularly of a saw-filing machine, which has at- 
tamed popularity. Horace H. Chapman lives in Rock- 
land, a harness-maker and merchant; Milton C. resides 
in Newburg, on a farm about two miles from the ances- 
tral home; Charles D. is an Orrington farmer and nur- 
seryman. They have three sisters — Elizabeth, now wife 
of Captain George W. Orne, of Cape Elizabeth, near 
Portland; and the two sisters in California. 

The young Adolphus received his elementary educa- 
tion in the public schools of Newburg and the Hamp- 
den Academy, to which he went at about the age of fif- 
teen, and remained in attendance several terms, when he 
retired with a fair academic education. He had little 
taste for farm life, but during his earlier manhood en- 
gaged in various clerkships, in teaching penmanship, and 
in other temporary employments. In 1S59 he went to 
the West, first visiting Minnesota, where he remained until 
the next spring, engaged in lumbering and as a writing- 
master. He next settled in Davenport, Iowa, where he 
was a student in Pratt's Commercial College, a young 
man in his twenty-fourth year, when the War of the Re- 
bellion broke out. He enlisted at once as a private sol- 
dier in Company C, Second Iowa Infantry — Captain 
Brewster's company, raised in Davenport, and among the 
earliest recruited in the State. He was with his regi- 
ment in Fremont's army at St. Louis, at Bird's Point, 
Pilot's Knob, and other points. After about seven 
months' service he was taken sick of a dangerous fever, 
the results of which compelled his discharge from the 
army. He returned to the parental roof in Newburg, 
and assisted for a time in the labors of the farm ; but in 
the winter of 1862-63 he obtained a situation as en- 
grossing clerk in the office of the Secretary of State, 
at Augusta, and was on duty in this capacity during the j 
Legislative sessions of two years. In the winter of ' 
1864-65 he transferred his services to the Provost- 
Marshal's office at the State capital, and while there was 
offered by Governor Cony a commission as First Lieu- ' 
tenant of Company E, Fourteenth Maine Infantry, ac- 
cepted it, and took the field at once. Upon arriving 
at Savannah and reporting for duty, he received immedi- 
ate promotion as Adjutant of the Regiment, and served in 
that capacity until .August 28, 1865, when the regiment 
was mustered out of service, and he returned with it to 
his native State. 

In the spring of 1866 Lieutenant Chapman resumed 
business, this time opening a variety store at Winterpoit. 
In August following, having abandoned the store, he en- 
tered the office of Charles P. Brown, Esq., of Bangor, to 
read law. He remained with him five years, as student 
and clerk, then purchased his extensive war-claim busi- 
ness, and opened an office on his own account, having 
meanwhile, in 1871, been admitted to the Bar of the 
State. His first office was over the present telegraph 
headquarters in Brown's Block, West Market Square. 
He continued here to practice law and prosecute claims 



against the Government until 1879, when he removed to 
the spacious and pleasant office he now occu[)ies on the 
second floor of the Taylor Block. 

Lieutenant Chapman has been a steady Republican 
from the organization of the party, but has not cared to 
be active as a politician or to be in any way an office- 
seeker. The attempt to remove the artillery from the 
Bangor Arsenal in the winter of 1878-79, to be used in 
sustaining the Garcelon-Smilh Government at Augusta, 
brought him to the front, however, and he rendered effi- 
cient aid in preventing the removal, personally checking 
the further movement of one of the loaded wagons. In 
February following, a paralytic shock disabled his left 
side, and within a week three additional but lesser shocks 
disabled hmi completely for about five weeks, and his 
side has never yet fully recovered from their effects. He 
is not a member of any of the religious or secret organi- 
zations, although he is a quite regular attendant upon 
public worship, and entertains liberal views of theology. 

Mr. Chapman was united in marriage in Newburg, by 
the Rev. Mr. Thomas, of the (Christian Church, to Miss 
Linda H., youngest daughter of Nathan and Mary (Jud- 
kins) Doane, of Newburg. They have but one child 
living — Lillie .\dolph, born in June, 1866. They, how- 
ever, lost two children — a daughter named Caledonia, 
and an infant who died unnamed. Mr. Chapman 
and his fiimily reside in a pleasant home on Ohio street, 
in West Bangor. 



FLAVIUS O. BEAL. 
This gentleman, lessee and landlord of the Bangor 
House, and also owner of the excellent line of Tallyho 
coaches to Mt. Desert, is a native of Monmouth, this 
State. His father, Samuel Beal, was from an old family 
of that place, and himself a native of it and a farmer. 
His ancestry was English. His mother, whose maiden 
name was Maria Antoinette Warren, was also born in 
Monmouth. They both died, within four months ot each 
other, in 1848, when the subject of this sketch was but 
seven years old. They left a family of two sons and one 
daughter, of whom Flavins Orlando was the second-born. 
His natal day was June 2, 1841. He attended the 
public schools of Monmouth until twelve years old, when 
he was sent to the Towle Academy at ^Vinthrop, and re- 
mained there five years, in which time he acquired 
the rudiments of a fairly liberal education. He then 
went to Augusta, where he took charge of a large milk 
farm for Mr. \\'illiam Chisholm — an important position for 
one of his years. M the expiration of about twelve 
months he wxnt to Portland and learned the trade of 
brush-making. He remained in this work for two years, 
or until the War of the Rebellion broke out, when he 
promjJtly enlisted in Company E, of Portland, Captain 
Shaw, in the First Maine Regiment, recruited for three 
months service, .'\fter the expiration of its term he was 
considerably engaged in recruiting and other duties con- 
nected with the war, but, October 10, 1862, he began 
service as a baggage-master on the Maine Central Rail- 
road, running from Portland to Bangor and back. For 



784 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



eiglit years he handled trunks and valises, and checked 
baggage, when he was promoted to the post of conductor 
on the road. He was for a year on what was then known 
as the "Shoo Fly" train, from Augusta to Bangor, which lie 
took out and back regularly. When this train was dis- 
continued he handled temporarily the mixed trains be- 
tween AVaterville and Bangor, and then the night train from 
Bangor to Boston, which he accompanied through. He 
held this important post until he left the road at the ex- 
piration of four years from the beginning of bis con- 
ductorship. He then settled down in Bangor in June, 
1874, buying the livery stock of Mr. O. M. Shaw, who 
was keeping the Bangor House, in whose stables the 
livery was then, as now, kept, -"^bout a year afterwards 
he bought also the livery stable of Mr. Abram Wood- 
ard, near the Penobscot Exchange, and ran that as a 
branch establishment for three years, when he closed it 
out and brought the stock to the principal stable on the 
west side. Some time before this, after Mr. Shaw retired 
from the Bangor House, and during the eight months 
of Harrison Baker's charge of it which followed, Mr. 
Beale kept the entire stables of the house for livery and 
boarding, and for transient business and coaching. He 
had been prospered in his business, and in the summer 
of 1878 he started again the enterprise of running a 
stage-line to Bar Harbor, on Mount Desert, which had 
been suspended for several years. This he has main- 
tained with great success and i)opularity, particularly in 
the warm season, and now has the contract, for four 
years, of supplying Bar Harbor with mail twice a day. 
He joins with this a profitable livery business at that 
place during the three months that tourists most fre- 
quent it. His coaches constitute a favorite line, being 
preferred by many to the sea route to Mount Des- 
ert, and travelers are quite enthusiastic in its praise. To 
serve his coaches better in getting and delivering the 
mail, Mr. Beale in the summer of 1881 put a beautiful 
little mail-wagon on the road in Bangor, for the transport 
of mails to and from the post-office. 

January 24, 1878, Mr. Beal leased the Bangor House, 
and conducted it successfully for fourteen months and 
one week, when he re-leased it for the period of three 
years, which will exi>ire the ist of April, 1882. His 
management of this house has given it great fame, and 
the traveling public accord it a very large and profitable 
patronage. When he took the establishment, it was 
much neglected and dilapidated; nobody had ever made 
any money keeping it, and it was generally regarded in 
the city as an "elephant" on one's hands. He soon put 
it in apple-pie order; added thirteen new rooms to its ac- 
commodations, and has made it a reputable, successful, 
and profitable venture from the beginning. Mr. Beal is 
as yet in the prime of his years, and has the prospect of 
a long, honorable, and lucrative career. He was made a 
Free and Accepted .Mason in 1874, in a Waterville 
lodge, of which he is still a member. He is a supporter 
of and attendant at the Independent Congregational or 
Unitarian Church, opposite his hotel, where the pastor of 
the church is a boarder. 

Mr. Beal was married December 7, 1865, in Freeport, 



Cumberland county, Maine, near Portland, to Miss Lucy 
Jane, youngest daughter of Reuben and Sarah (Brown) 
Randall, of that place. They have had no children. 



LEMUEL NICHOLS, Jr. 

This gentleman, for the last ten years keeper of the 
Franklin House livery stable in Bangor, was born in Lis- 
bon, Androscoggin county, Maine, on the 25th day of 
June, 1S28. He was the son of Lemuel Nichols, a 
native of Durham, Maine, and a farmer at Lisbon, also 
engaged often in teaming and removing buildings. At 
the early age of four, young Lemuel removed with his 
parents to Augusta, where his father engaged in the busi- 
ness of saw-milling. Here the boy came near meeting 
his death one day, by getting badly jammed between a 
pile of boards and a pile of joists, but escaped without 
permanent injury. Two years after the removal he lost 
his mother by death. The father is still living at the 
advanced age of ninety years, and makes his home in 
Bangor, in remarkable health and activity for one of his 
years. His son and namesake received his little school- 
ing mainly in Augusta and places where his father subse- 
quently lived — Harmony, Maine, and Bangor. He has 
been doing for himself, however, ever since he was ten 
years old. He worked first on a farm and in care of 
horses with the Hon. Mason VV. Palmer, in West Cor- 
inth, for two and a half years, getting only his board 
and clothes for pay, but retaining a very pleasant recol- 
lection of Mr. Palmer and his family; he then went to 
East Corinth, three miles distant, where he engaged with 
William B. McLaughlin, then keeper of the East Corinth 
hotel, but later of the Franklin House, Bangor, to take 
care of his stable at $6 per month " and found." He 
remained six months with Mr. McLaughlin; and as an 
illustration of his temperate habits and careful economy 
at this time, it may be stated that in the whole half-year 
he used up but $1 of his wages, and the entire balance 
of $35 coming to him at the close. It may as well be 
mentioned here that Mr. Nichols has never drunk intox- 
icating liquor of any kind nor smoked or chewed 
tobacco — a truly remarkable case of abstinence for a 
man in his line of business. He then engaged with Mr. 
William S. Ordvvay to take care of the stage horses at 
East Corinth, and pait of the time to drive the stage on 
the up|jer end of the route between Bangor and Brown- 
ville. He was now getting $9 a month, $3 more wages, 
and not quite so hard work. He was with Mr. Ordway, 
in this employment, for about eighteen months, when 
he went into other business. For one summer he drove 
a team for Mr. Willard AV. Han is, now of Portland, 
then a store-keeper and mill-owner at Guilford, Piscat- 
auquis county, hauling lumber to Bangor, before the 
construction of the railroad. 

By and by Mr. Nichols took an engagement with the 
stage proprietors, Messrs. Thomas Norcross &: Son, who 
had the Bangor & Moosehead Lake stage line, and made 
one of their stopping places at West Charleston, where 
the head of the firm resided, and the son, Israel B. Nor- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



785 



cross, attended to the business in Bangor. Mr. Nichols 
hired to do similar work at West Charleston to that he 
had done'at East Corinth, during part of the time, but 
mostly taking care of the stage horses. He staid with 
the Norcrosses about one year, and was married while in 
their employ. He returned to Guilford village, where he 
kept the hotel for a while, and then sold out and went 
back to East Corinth. Here he again engaged to take 
care of horses, being the first to have charge of the stable 
of the Parker House, which was then a new hotel, and 
had just been opened on the Fourth of July, 1849 or 
1850. Here he bought his first horse — a pretty good 
one, a tough nag, which he got for only $65, in that day 
of comparative cheapness. He has since owned a great 
number, at one time, just at the outbreak of the war, 
having nearly one hundrt-d in his possession. This one 
horse at East Corinth he kept for hire, thus making a 
humble beginning of his now extensive livery business. 
He began keeping house at this place, and by and by 
bought two more rather cheap horses, and began running 
an accommodation open wagon from that place to Ban- 
gor three times a week. This he kept on the road about 
two years, and then bought Jack Mayo, of Kenduskeag, 
off the same road, and ran into Bangor daily with a four- 
horse team and a coach for passenger business only. 
After a time, about 1857, he got the mail contract from 
Bangor to Moosehead Lake. By this date he had bought 
the Parker House, at East Corinth, and was conducting 
it himself He had previously had experience as a land- 
lord in the same place, at the East Corinth Hotel, which 
he leased and kept for two years. After he got the 
Parker House he had profitable stage lines from that 
place to Bangor and also on the Moosehead Lake route, 
and made money rapidly. He built a fine, spacious 
public hall, connected with the Parker House, in i860, 
which is still the best hall in East Corinth, and still bears 
the name, from him, of Nichols Hall. The next year he 
doubled the capacity of the Parker House stable, so as 
to accommodate one hundred horses at once. The car- 
riage-house connected with the stable was situated under 
his hall, and was of a size to correspond with the big- 
ness of his new stable. He had also now- a good livery 
business, which added handsomely to his profits. In 
1864 he sold out his hotel and furniture to James 
Knowles, his accommodation stage to E. H. Hunting, 
who still runs it to Bangor, and his Moosehead line to 
J. P. \\'ebber, now the wealthy Bangor lumberman. He 
took in the trade with the last-named Mr. Webber's fine 
house in East Corinth, which burned to the ground six 
days afterwards, and brought him not a dollar of in- 
surance. He thereupon removed to Newport, where he 
bought the Shaw House and began a new career as land- 
lord, at the same time running a mail stage line from the 
Maine Central Railroad at Newport to Moosehead Lake. 
He kept the Shaw House one and one-fourth years, and 
sold it to Charles Sawyer, who has since kept it. He 
then came to Bangor and bought the livery business of 
O. M. Shaw, in the old Billings stable, on Main street. 
He presently, in February, 1866, bought out the 
Dwinel House, now the City Hotel, and changed its 



name to the Nichols House. The fates were against 
him here, however ; and he closed u|) this business and 
removed to Dexter in the fall of the same year, where 
he re-engaged in livery and stage business, running again 
to Moosehead Lake from the end of the branch railroad, 
now built to Dexter. He staid in that place about five 
years, during; which he operated in real estate and house- 
lots considerably. He kept the livery and stage business 
at the old Witherell place, opposite the Dexter House, 
considerably enlarging the stable and building on a spa- 
cious carriage-house. The handsome sign, " Nichols 
Place," which he put up there, remains to this day. 
.'\djoining the Dexter House he built the fine busmess 
block now owned by E. C. Nichols, of Bangor, which he 
sold to Mr. Nichols for $7,800. He bought a large tract 
adjoining the town from Nathaniel Bryant, laid it off 
in lots, and built two dwellings upon them. Beech 
street, in the east part of the village, was laid off at his 
instance, and runs through his former property. He 
still holds some real estate in Dexter ; but mainly sold 
out there in 1871, and made his final removal to Bangor, 
where he has since steadfastly remained. He leased his 
present stand and the livery, hack, and boarding business 
of the Franklin House stables, of his old employer's son, 
Henry McLaughlin, who, with his father, was keeping 
the Franklin House. In the spring of 1881 he became 
the owner of this valuable property, for which he paid 
$10,000. Every year since 1857 he has had important 
mail contracts, and he is now interested in eight or 
nine routes of this kind. One of them is run by his son, 
Mr. Frederick W. Nichols. Another son, Charles W. 
Nichols, assists him as clerk in the stable. 

Mr. Nichols was married, as before stated, during his 
first residence at East Corinth, on the 19th day of March, 
1848, to Miss Martha Ann, daughter of Elauson and 
Philena (Chandler) Edmunds, of that place, where the 
father was an harness-maker. Their daughter, however, 
Mrs. Nichols, was born at Farmington, Maine, in 1830. 
She has proved a strong, able, and very faithful and 
laborious helpmate of her husband from the day of their 
marriage unto this present. They attend the First Bap- 
tist church regularly, and aid liberally in its support, 
although not members of the society. They have had 
four children, all living — Minnie Frances, now Mrs. 
Sidney Keith, married at Dexter in the winter of 1871- 
72, wife of an engineer on the Maine Central Railroad, a 
very smart and trustworthy man, now residing in I5an- 
gor ; I-'rederick Waldo, before mentioned, who was mar- 
ried about six years ago, and has a small family ; Charles 
Willard, also married in the spring of 1881; and Henry 
Lemuel, now eighteen years old, and of Boston, where 
he is connected with a grocery store. 

Mr. and Mrs. Nichols occupy a pleasant residence in 
East Bangor, at No. 57 Centre street. Two of Mr. 
Nichols's brothers, John Nelson and Willard, respectively 
next older and younger than he, are buried in the ceme- 
tery at East Corinth ; and his widowed sister Rebecca, 
Mrs. J. M. Teriney, formerly of London, New Hamp- 
shire, now resides with him in Bangor. 



786 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ABEL HUNT. 

Mr. Abel Hunt, the well-known undertaker of Ban- 
gor, was born in Cainden, Maine, April 19, 1835. His 
father, Simon Hunt, was a native of Concord, Massachu- 
setts. He moved from there to Camden, Maine, about 
1806, and was one of the pioneer settlers of that region. 
He was a saddler by trade, and carried on the harness 
business in that place till his death, which occurred when 
he was in the eighty-first year of his age. His memory 
is perpetuated in the beautiful elms which he planted in 
that town, and which give such a charm to the village. 
The venerable wife of this good old man is still living. 
Her maiden name was Hannah Rogers, a sister of Cap- 
tain Thomas Rogers, one of the early steamboat cap- 
tains on the Penobscot. 

In the old town of Camden Abel spent most of his 
school days, closing his school life with a few terms at 
Gorham Academy. He learned the harness business in 
his father's shop, but did not follow it long. He early 
developed an enthusiasm for progressive ideas, and, in 
company with another young man, took hold of a patent 
right, and in endeavoring to pusli it upon the market he 
gives his experience quite laconically: "We made some 
money and traveled some; but it paid more in e.xpe- 
rience than money." 

It was not until about the year i860 that ready-made 
coffins or caskets were introduced into the vicinity of 
Camden. In connection with his other business Mr. 
Hunt conceived the idea of purchasing a small stock for 
sale. After corres]Jonding for some time he learned 
that he could buy best in Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
What a change the business has since undergone ! Now 
no undertaker is so remote from the'lines of travel but 
that he is often visited by salesmen of all kinds of funeral 
furniture and mortuary goods. 

Mr. Hunt relates that when he started to sell coffins as 
a retailer, he used to deliver most of them in company 
with his father, who was the actual undertaker, in the 
evening, using a wheelbarrow for conveyance. The 
feeling of the people at that time was that they were en- 
gaged in a mean business. In December, 1873, ^^f- 
Hunt removed to Bangor and entered into a partnership 
with Enoch H. Tibbitts. At the end of two years Mr. 
Hunt bought out Mr. Tibbitts and took a lease for ten 
years. They had an agreement in regard to the business 
which has been the cause of a controversy in which con- 
siderable money has been spent. 

The business which Mr. Hunt has built up in Bangor 
is the result of persistent energy and close application 
to it. The changes have been radical during the 
last ten years, but Mr. Hunt has ever kept up with them 
and never allowed himself to be " left." For a time he 
has had to combat the prejudices of the people against 
embalming, but the public opinion is gradually working 
in his favor and he is enabled to adopt it more extensive- 
ly every year. Mr. Hunt is now pleasantly situated, with 
a certain and growing professional career.- He possesses 
a liberal mind and follows with great interest the course 
of modern progressive thought. His appreciation of the 
best in literature and art is acute, and he is an eacrer 



reader. His love of nature is keen, and he sees beauty 
where men of coarser nature would pass unheedingly. 
His most prominent character is hopefulness. Hope is 
to him like the air he breathes, and no matter what re- 
verses and petty annoyances may befall him he still main- 
tains a brave, hopeful spirit, which joined with all his 
tact and executive force carries him to a successful con- 
summation. He has a wide, generous nature. His con- 
versation is free and natural, and he attaches those with 
whom he comes in contact with the bonds of a hearty 
friendship. He believes in enjoying life, but rather in a 
calm and hearty way. To the afflicted he shows sincere 
sympathy. He is ever on the alert for improvements in 
his business, and was the first in his profession to intro- 
duce embalming in the State, and was recently called to 
Moosehead Lake to embalm and care for the bodies of 
Mr. and Mrs. Haines, who were drowned there. 

Mr. Hunt married Miss Eveline K. Knight, Decem- 
ber 17, 1866. Their family consists of four children — 
Walter Reid, Ralph Hudson, Edward James, and Eva 
Sawtelle. His portrait appears in this work. 



CHARLES D. BRYANT. 

\Vhen Bangor was a mere hamlet, there came here, 
when but a lad, Charles D. Bryant. His father, Robert 
Bryant, a son of John Bryant, was born in Hollis, in the 
District of Maine, as this region was then called, Septem- 
ber 20, 1775. His mother's maiden name was Olive 
Davis, a native of Saco, Maine, born in 1783. Charles 
D. was the fourth child of a family of eight children. He 
was born in Scarborough, Maine, July 16, 18 13, and 
came to Bangor in 1820, when but seven years old. This 
was the year that Maine became a State. The condition, 
size, etc., of Bangor at that time may be learned by re- 
ferring to the history of the city elsewhere. The people 
were poor, and it was with difficulty that Mr. Bryant 
could provide his family with necessary food and raiment; 
yet he struggled manfully on, assisted and cheered by his 
good wife. In 1827 he bought a small farm in Hermon, 
getting in debt for it. This farm contained fifty-seven 
acres, with but little cleared. Here Mr. Bryant moved, 
living for some time in a log house. For this place he 
was to pay $4 per acre. 

In the spring of 1829, when Charles D. was sixteen 
years of age, he told his father if he would fit him up 
with a few clothes, he would go out to work and pay 
for the farm. After a time the outfit was provided, and 
Charles started out with a heart full of gladness that he 
could now help his father. This outfit consisted of one 
pair of striped bed-ticking pants, one linen jacket, two 
coarse cotton shirts, minus collar and bosom, one pair 
of coarse brogan shoes, and two pairs of stockings. 
He soon found employment, for he was able to convince 
any one that he could work and was anxious to do so. 
He worked eight months at $8.00 per month for a Mr. 
Billings in Newburg on a farm, and during the winter 
made shingles. The next year again worked for Mr. B., 
and again in the shingle swamp during the winter. In 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



787 



I this way he toiled on. At one time he worked for 
Captain Lowder and helped build the house on Ham- 
mond street where Mr. Lowder lived and died. 'I'hus 
in time he paid for the farm and all interest then ac- 
crued, making his father a comfortable home and re- 
lieving him of a great load of care and anxiety. We 
wonder how many boys in Bangor to-day would do the 
same '. When he had thus paid off all indebtedness on 
his father's place, he found himself without any educa- 
tion, save such as he had picked up at odd moments. 
He could not feel satisfied with this, and so determined 
to go to school. To do so he worked evenings at sawing 
wood, and did chores for Mr. Lowder, thus earning 
enough to pay his board and tuition at a private school, 
at $5 per quarter, for ten quarters. This he now wisely 
says was the best thing he ever did in his life. After this 
he worked for Benjamin Bussey (under Mr. Lowder, as 
agent for him) exploring and surveying ; also working at 
this for other parties. In 1836 he married Miss Avis L. 
Taylor, and in 1838 moved to Thomaslon, where he was 
employed as agent for Benjamin Bussey, of Roxbury. In 
1844, after the death of Mr. Bussey, he returned to Ban- 
gor and settled in Hermon, where he cleared up a farm, 
though much of the time employed as explorer and sur- 
veyor of timber-lands for other jjarties. In iS54hesold 
his farm and moved to Bangor, where he has since lived. 
For fifteen years he was employed by the late S. F. Her- 
sey, and since Mr. Hersey's decease by the "estate," as 
manager of the large business of the Hersey estate. Mr. 
Bryant has had two sons and one daughter, all of whom 
are deceased, except his youngest daughter. By economy 
and industry Mr. Bryant has acquired a competency ; 
yet he says the happiest day he ever knew, so far 
as money or property had anything to do with it, was 
when he had money earned and paid for his father's 
farm, and had one hundred dollars of his own. 

Mr. Bryant truly says "industry and economy, com- 
bined with promptness m business, are the foundation 
of success in business." Mr. B. has proved the truth 
of this adage. (Had we space, we should like to enter 
more into details of the life of this self-made man ; 
but our limits forbid.) 



JONES P. VEAZIE. 

A prominent man in Bangor was Jones P. Veazie, a 
son of General Samuel Veazie. He was born in Top- 
sham, Maine, June 2, 181 1, and died February 18, 1875. 
He was twice married, and had by each wife two sons 
and one daughter. As a member of the firm of Lord & 
Veazie, in Bangor, he was a well-known and respected 
merchant, and continued in business with his partner 
and brother-in-law, Mr. Lord, until the death of the lat- 
ter. Mr. Veazie then became interested in shipping and 
other business, in which he employed his capital and 
finally founded a large lumbering business with Mr. 
Levi Young, in Ottawa, Canada, which has been emi- 
nently successful. Mr. Veazie was a man justly esteemed 
for his social, liberal, and truthful characteristics, and 



had the continued respect of all with whom he had deal- 
ings. In his business and social life he was outspoken 
in his sentiments, and was one of the earliest anti-slavery 
men in Bangor, contributing by his means in the estab- 
lishment of the Bangor Gazette in 1842. He lived to 
see the glorious work of emancipation, to which he had 
given much thought and labor, as well as means, carried 
forward to its full fruition, until the country he loved was 
in truth the home of the free. 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

General Joseph H. Smith, the present Collector of 
Customs in Bangor, was born in Wiscassett, Maine, No- 
vember 27, 1836. His father, Jacob Smith, was a native 
of Epping, New Hampshire, and married Julia A. Lam- 
bert, daughter of Luke Lambert, Esq., of Bath. He 
lived some years in Wiscassett, but moved to Bath in 
1844. He was a lawyer, and widely known in that part 
of the State. Jacob and Julia Smith had six children, 
of whom Joseph was the third son. He attended school 
in Bath and "finished off," as it was sometimes termed, 
with a few terms at old Garland Academy. This old 
academy is justly proud of the many noted men who 
finished their education (if we may properly use such a 
term) within her walls. On leaving school he entered 
the counting room of the iron foundry in Bath as book- 
keeper. Here he temained two years, at the end of 
which time he came to Penobscot county and entered 
the employ of William Jameson, of Upper Stillwater, as 
clerk in his lumber office. He remained in the employ 
of Mr. Jameson about two years. In 1856, when twenty 
years of age, he went west and became traveling agent 
for the St. Croix Lumber Company, of Stillwater, Minne- 
sota, selling their logs and lumber. He remained with 
this company two years and then went to Lyons, Iowa, 
and set up in the lumber business for himself, remaining 
in Iowa until the breaking out of the civil war. Feeling 
that it was his duty to enlist, and that he would prefer to 
represent his native State, he came to Maine and enlisted 
as a private in the Third Maine Infantry, Colonel O. O. 
Howard commanding, June 30, 1861. Soon he was pro- 
moted to Lieutenant, and on November 14 commis- 
sioned as Captain of United States Volunteers, and as- 
signed to staff duty with General John Sedgwick, who 
then commanded a brigade. January i he was promoted 
to Lieutenant-Culonel of United States Volunteers, and 
assigned to duty with the Second Army Corps, General 
D. M. Couch commanding. October 27, 1864, he was 
breveted Colonel for gallantry dis[)layed at the battle of 
Ream's Station and Boydtown Plank Road, Virginia. 
This was on the recommendation and request of General 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



-.A. 



W. S. Hancock. On the 9th of April, 1865, he was pro- 
moted to the rank of Brigadier-General of United States 
Volunteers by brevet, on recommendation of Major Gen- 
eral A. A. Humphreys. At the close of the war he was 
offered a position in the regular army, but declined, and 
was honorably mustered out. At the close of the war 
the General came back to Stillwater, in this county, and 
engaged in building mills and the manufacture of lum- 
ber. He moved to Bangor in 1868, but continued in 
the lumber business until 1878 at Upper Stillwater, at 
which time his mills were burned. In June, 1869, he 
was nominated, commissioned, and confirmed as Col- 
lector of Customs for this District, which position he has 
since held. General Smith married Miss Georgia A. 
Reynolds, February. 24, 1859. She was a daughter of 
Eri Reynolds, Esq., of Chicago. Mrs. Smith died No- 
vember 2, 1859, and in September, 1866, Mr. Smith mar- 
ried again, his present wife being a daughter of Freeman 
Clark, of Bath, Maine, Agnes by name. They have one 
son, Joseph S., and one daughter, Hortense Louise. 

The Hon. Silas C. Hatch, son of the late Silas Hatch, 
of Bangor, was born March 28, 1821, commenced 
mercantile business in Bangor in 1845, and continued in 
trade until September i, 1870. He was educated at the 
Bangor schools and at the Gorham Seminary ; was four- 
teen years a member of the city government, serving 
seven years in the Common Council (several years as 
President), and seven years in the Board of Aldermen ; 
was eight years one of the City Assessors, filling that 
office the past year; member of the E,\ecutive Council in 
1871-72-78, and State Treasurer in 1874-75-76. It is be- 
lieved that the State never had a more able and intelli- 
gent financial officer. He was one of the few officials in 
the Treasury Department who have made themselves 
thoroughly familiar with its details. In 1856 he was 
Presidential Elector on the Fillmore ticket. He was a 
member of the Legislature from Bangor in 1873-74, and 
again in 1881-82, serving as Chairman in 1881, on the 
part of the House, of the Committee on Financial Affairs, 
and of Ways and Means, and as a member of the Com- 
mittee on Education. Some of the best years of his life 
have been devoted to the public service, and no man 
enjoys in larger measure the respect and esteem of his 
fellow-citizens. 

Hon. Newell Blake, a retired merchant and manufac- 
turer of Bangor, and ex-State Senator from the county ol 
Penobscot, is a native of New Hampshire, born in Ken- 
sington, April 26, 18 10. He came to Maine in 1842, 
settling in Oldtown as a merchant in the firm of Stone & 
Blake. He had already been in business at his native 
place for three years, and had been married in Boston, 
Massachusetts, to Miss Phebe Jordan, of that city, but a 
native of Maine. After a period of twenty-three years in 
Oldtown, during a small part of which time he was inter- 
ested in a line of steamers on the St. John, he removed 
to Bangor and began the manufacture and shipping of 
lumber, with Mr. Hosea B. Emery, as the firm of Emery 
& Blake. Upon the death of Mr. Emery, Mr. Blake 
sold out the mills and business, and himself, in 1870, be- 
ginning to feel the weight of years, retired from active 



business life. While a citizen of Oldtown, in 1852, he 
was elected on a mixed Free Soil, Whig, and disaffected 
Democratic ticket to the State Senate, in which body he 
served during the terms of 1853, 1854, and 1855. He 
was a member of the Committee on Mercantile Affairs 
and Insurance, a very important committee, and was 
Chairman of the Committee on Accounts and Claims. 
During one session he was Chairman of the Committee 
on Indian Affairs. Thus and otherwise well qualified 
for public life, upon retirement from business he entered 
the service of the city of Bangor; was a member of the 
Common Council in 1870-72, and during these three 
years was President of that body. In 1873 he was 
elected from the Fourth Ward as Alderman, and the next 
year was chosen Mayor of the city, and served a little 
more than one term, delivering two messages to the 
Council, as there was no choice of Mayor the next spring 
after his election. For three years he also served on the 
City Board of Assessors, during two years being Chair- 
man of the Board. Mrs. Blake is also still living. They 
have had no children. 

Lewis F. Stratton, the present Sheriff of Penobscot 
county, was born October i, 1830. His father, Paul 
Stratton, a native of Albion, Kennebec county, married 
Sarah Ann Frazier. Pheir family consists of ten children, 
all of whom are living. Their names and residence are 
as follow: Mary, wife of George B. Robertson, of Ban- 
gor; Eliza, widow of Josiah Snow, Mattawamkeag; Wil- 
liam, now living in Chester ; George H., of Brainard, 
Minnesota ; Jane, wife of James H. Snow, ol Mattawam- 
keag ; Eunice, widow of the late James P. Crowell, 
Orono ; Ellen, wife of O. T. Hooper, New York ; Martha 
J., wife of William Jewell, of Gorham, New Hamp- 
shire, and Guilford D., of Gorham, New Hampshire. 
Mr. Stratton is still living, being now eighty-five years 
old. Mrs. Stratton died in 1879. Lewis Stratton spent 
his early life on a farm, receiving a common school edu- 
cation. He first engaged in business for himself at lum- 
bering and farming at Mattawamkeag, at the age of 
twenty-one or twenty-two, and continued to reside in 
Mattawamkeag until 1879, when he was elected Sheriff. 
Since then he has resided in Bangor. In 1854 he, with 
his father, built the first hotel in Winn, and in 1851 his 
brothers built the Katahdin House in \Vinn. Mr. Strat- 
ton married Miss Sarah Bunn, daughter of Luther and 
Phcebe Bunn. They have one son, Albert O., now in 
business in Mattawamkeag. Mr. Stratton has served in 
all the town offices of his town, having been Selectman, 
Constable, Collector, School Committeeman, etc. In 
1875 and 1876 he was chosen to the Legislature. He is 
now serving his second term as Sheriff. 

General John L. Hodsdon, one of Bangor's present 
oldest residents, has been in the practice ot law, except 
at intervals, since 1838. He was lieutenant of the Ban- 
gor Independent Volunteers in 1834, at the age of eigh- 
teen, and has held the military commissions of Aide-de- 
camp, Orderly officer to the Major-General of this 
military division ; captain of the Bangor Light Infantry, 
Colonel of the Bangor Regiment, Brigadier-General, 
Major-General of this division under two Legislative elec- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



789 



tions and comaiissions, Adjutant-General of the State, 
and e.xofficio Acting Quartermaster-General, Commissary 
General, Paymaster-General, and Inspector-General of 
the State of Maine, under seven annual successive Leg- 
islative elections, from 1861 to 1S67, inclusive. During 
the three months of the Aroostook war, in the winter 
and spring of 1837, he served in the field as Aide-de- 
camp and Orderly officer to his step-father, who was 
Major-General commanding all the troops in the ex- 
pedition. In 1B53-54 he was Judge of the PoHce Court 
in Bangor. The father of General John L. Hodsdon was 
Jeremiah Littlefield, of Hallowell, who died of yellow fever 
in i8iS, on his passage home from New Orleans. In 1820 
Isaac Hodsdon, then of Corinth, Captain in the Thirty- 
third Regiment United States Infantry in the War of 
1812, adopted John, adding his own name to that of 
Littlefield. General Isaac Hodsdon had a wide and 
honorable reputation as a military man and politician 
throughout the State. He died at Corinth in 1864, aged 
eighty-four years. The children of General John L. 
Hodsdon are Mrs. Alfred Veazie and Mrs. C. A. Bou- 
telle, of Bangor ; and John L. Hodsdon, of Boston, 
Massachusetts. Mrs. John L. Hodsdon is the daughter of 
Abraham True, Esq., who died at her home in May last 
aged eighty-eight years. Mrs. F. W. Hill, of Exeter, is a 
sister of Mrs. Hodsdon, and Dr. J. F. True, of Auburn, 
Maine, and Joseph N. True, of New Haven, Connecti- 
cut, are her brothers. General Hodsdon's sisters are 
Mrs. \\. H. Lunt, of Evanston, Illinois, deceased ; Mrs. 
J. L. French, of Hallowell, Maine. His only brother, 
Nathaniel Littlefield, of Hallowell, Maine, is dead. 

The Bangor Light Infantry, of which General Hods- 
don was formerly captain, was organized in- 1853, and in 
respect to personnel, uniform, and equipment was never 
surpassed by any military organization in New England. 
In numbered some eighty-five muskets, and comprised 
among its members many of the leading, most prominent 
and honorable citizens of Bangor. It entered the Sec- 
ond Regiment of Maine Volunteers, in the service of the 
United States, in May, 1861, as company A, under Col- 
onel Jameson, under a two years' enlistment, and served 
its term with honor. 

General Daniel Uhite, of the firm of White & Fair- 
banks, soap manufacturers of Bangor, is a son of Daniel 
and Lucy White, of \Mnterport, Maine. Mr. White 
was a native of Nashfield, Massachusetts. Daniel and 
Lucy White has eleven children, of whom Daniel is the 
second son. He was born September 12, 1833. His 
father was a sea-captain, but owned a farm, on which 
Daniel, Jr., was brought up. On becoming of age he 
engaged in the furniture business, in which he continued 
three years. He went to California in 1855 and engaged 
in mining, remaining one year, when he returned to Ban- 
gor and engaged in the jewelry business, in which he con- 
tinued till the breaking out of the war in 1861. In 1861 
Mr. \\hite raised Company I, Second Maine Infantry, 
and was with this company for two years, when he re- 
turned at the expiration of the time of service of the 
regiment. He then raised a company for the Thirty- 
first Maine and went out again as captain of the com- 



pany. He was promoted to Colonel in 1864 and taken 
prisoner at the mine explosion in front of Petersburg, and 
held as prisoner seven months when he was exchanged. 
In 1865 he was breveted Brigadier-General and re- 
mained in service until the close of the war. He is now 
Colonel of the Second Maine Regiment. During the 
summer of 1881 he took a trip West, spending the sum- 
mer, and on his return engaged in the manufacture of 
soap with J. .\. Fairbanks. Their office and factory is 
located on Morse's Lane, Bangor. Mr. White married 
Miss Anna S. Rich, daughter of \Villiani Rich, ol Mon- 
roe, Maine. They have two children ; Grace and Ger- 
trude. 

The late Edward E. Small, of Bangor, was a son of 
Isaac Small, a mason of that city. The family of Isaac 
Small consisted of three sons and one daughter. Ed- 
ward E. was the second son. He was born in August, 
1844, and at the age of seventeen entered the army and 
remained until near the end of the war. After return- 
ing he engaged as book-keeper for Babb & Strickland 
in their lumber office. He was with them about nine years, 
when he was made United States Pension Agent here 
and held the office until it was removed from Bangor. 
After this he went into the insurance business with 
Mr. Clark, and afterwards with Wiggin & Williams 
under the title of Wiggin, Small & Williams. He was 
in this business at the time of his death, September 23, 
1 88 1. Major Small, as he was called, was captain for a 
time of the Loyal League, a company quite noted at the 
time of the trouble at Augusta in 1879. At the time of 
his death he held a position on the staff of General 
Chamberlain as Division Quartermaster, with the rank 
of Major. For several years Major Small was chairman 
of the Republican City Committee. Mr. Small married 
Miss Ella I. Severance, daughter of Samuel and Betsey 
Severance, of Bangor, and at his death left one daughter. 
Flora Lillian. He was always interested in everything 
of an educational nature, and was highly esteemed by 
all who knew him. 

Captain James P. Lansil is a son of Charles V. Lansil, 
who was born in Bordeaux, France, in the year 1768, 
where he lived about eighteen years, when he emigrated 
to this county, and settled at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. 
There he lived about twenty-four years, and then moved 
to Bucksport, Maine, then to Sunkhaze, and then to 
Bangor, Maine, where he died in the year 1831, aged 
sixty-three years. His occupation was that of sailor. 
His wife was Ruth C. Paine, born on Cape Cod in the 
year 1778. She died in the year 1837, aged fifty-three 
years. James P., the sixth child, was born at Bangor, 
September 30, 18 16. His life has been passed at sea 
mostly, he being captain of a vessel. The other mem- 
bers of his father's family were: Thomas P., .Mary P., 
Betsey, Charles V., Asa P., Ephraim P., and George W. 
James P. Lansil was married on the 4th of February, 
1838, to Martha Colby, who died in October, 1855. He 
was a second time married December 27, 1857, to Mrs. 
Thankful S. Mitchell. The names of children by his 
first wife are: George, unmarried, resides at Bangor; 
John F. died in the year 1867; Elbridgc T., living, re- 



790 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



sides at Bangor; Francis S. died in the year 1867; 
Arthur J., married to Annie Douglass; Oscar, married, 
and resides atSaratoga Spring, New York ; Edward P., 
married to Fannie S. Carr, and has one child; he is at 
present at sea with his family. Captain Lansil has a 
good residence on Lincoln street, Bangor, where he is 
living as retired ship-master. 

George Stetson, President of the First National Bank 
in Bangor, was born January 25, 1807, in Hamp- 
den, in this county. His father, Simeon Stetson, 
was a farmer and trader, and came from New Ipswich 
now Randolph, Massachusetts; was born in New Ips- 
wich, and moved to Hampden in 1804. George Stetson 
was the fourth son and fifth child in the family. He re- 
ceived a common school and academical education in 
Hampden, and assisted his father on the farm and in the 
store. On becoming of age he took charge of a mill in 
Hampden and engaged in trade. Here he lived until 
about 1832 when he moved to Bangor and in 1835 en- 
gaged in the West India trade together with his brother 
Isaiah and Cyrus Emery, Esq., under the firm name of 
Emery, Stetson & Co. Mr. Emery dying the firm was 
changed to Stetson & Co., and continued some years, 
since which they closed the business. They also owned 
a mill on Kenduskeag Stream and manufactured lumber 
quite extensively. They sold their mill about three 
years ago, since which time he has given his time to the 
bank business and looking after his interests in timber 
lands. Mr. Stetson has been a prominent man here for 
many years, serving as Chairman of the Board of Water 
Works, President of the Union Fire and Marine Insur- 
ance Company, and President of the Old Market Bank, 
now the First National Bank. He also was a Repre- 
sentative in the Legislature during the war. Mr. Stetson 
married Adeline Hammond in 1845. She was a daugh- 
ter of Elijah Hammond, of this city. They have 
four children, three sons and one daughter: George H., 
in Kenduskeag, Maine; Edward, a lawyer in Bangor; 
Isaiah K., with his father and brother in the wholesale 
ice business, and Mary A. at home. Mr. Stetson is a 
man very widely known in this section of the State, and 
takes a very prominent position among the leading citi- 
zens of Bangor. 

Moses Giddings, of Bangor, one of the prominent and 
wealthy citizens of the place, was born in Bangor Sep- 
tember 29, i8i6. His father, John Giddings, was a 
mason and built the first brick building in the city. He 
was well known here, and for many years was one of the 
leading builders. He married Joanna Trafton and lived 
here in 1812, at the time of the commencement of the 
war. He had four children, one son and three daugh- 
ters, viz: Moses, Hannah F., deceased, wife of O. H. 
Ingalls; Abbie T., and Nancy, who died in early life. 
Mr. Giddings died in 1823. Moses Giddings received 
but a common school education, limited at that, for his 
father died when Moses was but seven years old so that 
he early had to look out for himself. He clerked in a 
store when a young man, and in 1846 embarked in the 
lumber business for himself. He formerly cut and man- 
ufactured, but now deals principally in timber lands. 



At one time he was engaged in navigation and owned a 
half interest in the first ship that was captured by the 
Sumter in the late war. Mr. Giddings formerly built 
and owned vessels. He has been chosen to represent 
his ward in both branches of the city government, and is 
President of the Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad; also 
President of the Merchants' Marine Insurance Com- 
pany, and has been one of the trustees of Colby Univer- 
sity for over thirty years. His first wife was Miss Mary 
Shirley, to whom he was married in 1850, and who died 
in 185 1. His second wife was Miss Ernestine Chase, 
married in 1854 and died in 1869. By her Mr. Gid- 
dings's children were: Frederick C., now of Bluehill, 
Maine; Mary S., deceased in 1866, and Madeline. In 
1877 he married Mrs. Sarah E. Sabine, with whom he is 
now living. 

Hon. Francis M. Sabine, of Bangor, was born in Bos- 
ton in 181 1, but resided in youth in Hampden. Here, 
at the public schools and Academy, he received a good 
rudimentary education. At the age of seventeen he went 
to Eastport, where, after four years' clerkship with a mer- 
cantile firm, he went into similar business for himself 
He was married in 1834, and in 1835 removed to Ban- 
gor and at once resumed his former business. Owing to 
the notably wide-spread business depression and conse- 
quent failures, he found, at the end of two years, that his 
assets were inadequate to pay his debts. Happily for all 
concerned, his creditors extended payment on old de- 
mands, gave new credit, and were ultimately paid in full. 
In the course of his mercantile career of thirty-six years, 
he engaged to some extent in other pursuits, among 
which was the manufacture of brick, and also farming. 
For the latter he had a natural inclination, which he grat- 
ified for twenty-seven years. Seventy acres, of a farm of 
one hundred and sixty, he converted from a very rough 
condition into beautiful grass-fields. The average annual 
crop of hay of this farm was one hundred tons. Twenty 
cows yielded an annual gross income of $1,200. The 
net income of this farm during the six years previous to 
its sale was eight per cent. The past ten years Mr. Sa- 
bine has been President, Treasurer, and Manager of the 
Bangor Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which offices 
he still holds. He took an active part in establishing the 
Bangor Mercantile Library Association, and for thirty 
years was its Treasurer and ex-officio a Director. In the 
first year of the late war he received from Governor 
Washburn, unsolicited, a commission as Assistant Quar- 
termaster-General, with orders from time to time for 
special service. The first was to issue to the Second 
Maine Regiment of Volunteers (the first to leave the 
State for Washington), an entire equipment for actual 
service. Another, in 1862, was to manufacture and issue 
the uniforms for the eight regiments of volunteers for 
nine months' service. He took a leading part in the or- 
ganization of the Freedmen's Aid Association, and served 
as its President. Through the generosity of the citizens 
of Bangor, the effective labor of our ladies, and the suc- 
cessful result of a course of lectures, this association con- 
tributed largely to the needs of these newly enfranchised 
people. He has served the city as a member of the 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, .MAINE. 



791 



Board of Aldermen, and on the School Committee, 
Board of Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor. He is 
a member of the board of directors of banking and other 
business corporations, and a trustee of several estates. 
In politics he has been a RepubHcan from the formation 
of the party — was previously a Free-soil 'Whig. In re- 
ligion he is a Unitarian. For forty-six years he has been 
a member of the Bangor Independent Congregational 
society, and for thirty-three years Superintendent of its 
Sunday-school. He has also been an active member of 
the ]\Iaine Conference of Unitarian churches from its 
formation, and was for three years President of the con- 
ference. 

Frank H. Williams is a son of James W. Williams, of 
Bangor, where he has always resided. James W. Wil- 
liams married Elizabeth T. Freese, daughter of Andrew 
Freese, of Bangor, and has three children, viz : Frank H., | 
Lillian C, now Mrs. George B. Wiggin, of Bangor, and 
Fred J., also of Bangor. Frank Williams first engaged i 
in business in Bangor as a clerk for the firm of Freese & 
Wiggin, becoming a member of the firm that succeeded 
them. The present firm is Wiggin, Small & Williams. 
Mr. \\'illiams is also a member of the firm of F. H. Wil- 
liams &: Co., of Boston, doing a brokerage business. Mr. 
Williams married Miss Louie A. Thompson, daughter of 
Captain Benjamin Thompson, of Bangor. 

The first representative of the Galkipe family to settle 
in this country was John (lallupe, who came from Eng- 
land with his father and two brothers and settled in Ston- 
ington, Connecticut. The father went back to England 
and was killed in battle. .\11 the Gallupes in this coun- 
try originated from two of these sons — one dying a bach- 
elor. The sons were John, Thomas, and Nathaniel. 
John Gallupe had a son by the name of Thomas, who 
was the grandfather of Dr. William Gallupe. This name 
is spelled several different ways, but however it may be 
spelled, it is believed to have been originally the same. 
Thomas Gallupe had a son by the name of Benjamin, 
who married Sally Park for his second wife. She was a 
daughter of Nehemiah Park. His family by both wives 
consisted of twelve children, all born rn Plainfield, Con- 
necticut. Dr. William Gallupe was the sixth son of this 
family, all of whom are now deceased except one beside 
himself Dr. Gallupe commenced the study of medicine 
in September, 1826, and graduated in 1830 from the 
medical department of Dartmouth College. In 1840 he 
became convinced that homeopathy was the better and 
more desirable practice, and therefore ado[)ted it. When 
he came here in 1844 there were but few homeopathic 
physicians in Maine. At this time he had been in prac- 
tice of his profession fourteen years in Concord, Massa- 
chusetts, Plainfield and New Ipswich, New Hampshire. 
There was at that time great opposition to homeopathy 
in this country. There were not then twenty persons 
within ten or fifteen miles who would employ any but the 
old school physicians. The doctor seems to have suc- 
cessfully combatted this prejudice, for since then there 
have been from six to ten homeopathic physicians here 
and three are established here now, all of whom seem 
to be successful. Dr. Gallupe is now living with his 



third wife. He has two children living, having buried a 
son, who was a noted telegraph man, in 1876. 

Dr. George P. Jefferds, undoubtedly the most promi- 
nent and well- known of the homeopathic physicians of 
Bangor, is a native of Kennebunkport, in this State, born 
May 7, 18 16. His pre[)aratory education was received 
at Phillips .\cademy, .Vndover, and Limerick, Maine. 
He entered Bowdoin College in 1834, and was duly 
graduated in course. From the fall of 1839 to the end 
of the academic year, in 1S42, he was in charge first of 
the .\lfred .\cademy, Maine, and then of Nashua Acad- 
emy, New Hampshire. He then matriculated in the 
medical department of Harvard University, but was 
graduated finally in medicine with high honor, in 1845, 
from the Bowdoin Medical School. He opened an office 
in his native town, beginning fortunately with the large 
practice of a physician who had just retired. His system 
was of the old school until 1850, when he became a con- 
vert to homeopathy. He practiced as a follower of 
Hahnemann for a little more than ten years longer in 
Kennebunkport, and then removed to Bangor, where he 
soon commanded an extensive and reputable practice, 
which has steadily widened and become more profitable 
with the years. The Doctor is the subject of a sketch in 
the Biographical Cvclopredia of Homeopathic Physicians 
and Surgeons, which closes with the following worthy 
tribute : " Dr. Jefferds is a highly accomjjlished scholar, 
and a man of great natural powers. He has brought to 
his profession his largest energies, and the success he has 
won is the legitimate consequence of this ability and ap- 
plication." 

Dr. Alfred Walton, of Bangor, is a son of Samuel and 
Sarah (Brown) Walton, who came from Belfast to Old- 
town in 1830. Samuel Walton was for many years a 
merchant in Oldtown. He had six children — four sons 
and two daughters. He died on his way home from 
California in 1851. Dr. Alfred Walton was born June 
22, 1832. After finishing his common school education 
he followed the sea a few years, and then went to Cal- 
ifornia, where he remained two years. On returning from 
there he built a mill in Alton, this county, and was en- 
gaged in the lumber business seven years. In 1862 he 
went into the army. He had previously been studying 
medicine, and was chosen Hospital Steward in the Eighth 
Maine Regiment. He remained in the army until the 
close of the war, and then returned to Oldtown. He 
then entered the medical department of Bowdoin Col- 
lege, was graduated in 1867, and settled in Oldtown, 
where he practiced until 1869, in which year he came to 
Bangor, where he has since lived. Dr. Walton married 
Electa M. Reed, daughter of Deacon Joseph H. and 
Abigail Reed. Mrs. Walton died very suddenly in May, 

1S81. 

Dr. Daniel Hennessy, an allopathic physician and 
surgeon, of Bangor, was born in Bandon, Ireland, 
December 25, 1838. His father, Baitholomew Hennessy, 
married Margaret McCarthy, and has five children, viz: 
Bartholomew, of Botsford, New Brunswick; John, also 
in Botsford; Daniel; Elizabeth, deceased wife of John 
Hartnett, of Bristol, New Brunswick; and Jeremiah, of 



792 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Botsford. Mr. and Mrs. Hennessy are both living in 
Botsi'ord, and Daniel was brought up on a farm in that 
place. After completing his common school education 
he attended school one year at Mount Allison Academy, 
at Sackville, New Brunswick, and from there he went to 
St. Dunstan's College at Charlotte, Town, Prince Ed- 
ward's Island. He was here two years and then entered 
the office of Dr. Carritte, of Shediac, New Brunswick, 
remaining with him for two years, and then took a course 
of lectures at Geneva' Medical College, New York, 
spending the time of two courses. During this time he 
spent eighteen months in De Camp General Hospital, 
near New York City. After completing his course at the 
college he attended lectures in New York at the Eye and 
Ear Infirmary and the private Lying in Institute in Mad- 
ison Avenue. In 1869 he commenced practice in Point 
Debute, New Brunswick, where he remained four and a 
half yeais. In 1873 he came to Bangor, where he has 
since lived. He married Alessandra Stewart Bliss, 
daughter of Rev. Donald M. Bliss, rector of Mount 
Whatly, New Brunswick. To this couple have been born 
three children, viz: Wilfred Augustin, Sarah Margaret 
Madeline, and Mary Alessandra. Dr. Hennessy has had 
a large experience in hospital practice and is a skilled 
physician and surgeon. His office is at No. 29 Main 
street. 

Dr. John K. Lincoln, one of the leading dentists of 
Bangor, was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He is a 
son of Augustus and Maria (Davis) Lincoln, natives of 
Massachusetts, who lived in Boston for a time, where 
some ol their children were born. Mr. Lincoln owned 
an iron foundry in Boston, but afterwards purchased a 
farm. Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln had five children — four 
sons and one daughter, viz : William H., now in 
Millbury, Massachusetts; Albert W., also in Millbury; 
Charles 1).; Maria W., now Mrs. Barzilla Mills, of Rut- 
land, Massachusetts; and (ohn K. Mr. Lincoln died in 
Rutland in 1879. Mrs. Lincoln died in 1841. John 
K. Lincoln was born July 5, 1841, in Worcester, Massa- 
chusetts. He received a common and high-school ed- 
ucation and went to Biddeford, where he studied dentis- 
try. He remained in Biddeford about six years, when 
he removed to Augusta and opened an office there, con- 
tinuing in practice for five years, when he came to 
Bangor and entered the Tlieological Seminary, at the 
same time opening an office and placing it in the hands 
of N. S. Jenkins. He completed the course and grad- 
uated m 1862, and was at once appointed Chaplain of the 
Tvventy-second Maine Volunteers, stationed at New Or- 
leans and Baton Rouge. He remained with the regiment 
about nine months, when he received a severe hurt from 
being thrown from a horse into a deep ravine. He fell 
forty-five feet and received a severe fracture of the skull 
which caused him to be unconscious for nine days. From 
this severe injury he has since suffered, though better 
now than for years. He was sent home to Bangor and 
in 1863 had so far regained his health as to be able to 
open his office again, going into partnership with Mr. 
Jenkins. Since then he has remained in Bangor in the 
practice of his profession of dentistry. He married 



Olive Dame, of Saco. They have two daughters and 
one son, viz: Nellie M., Mary A., and Frederick D. 
For many years Mr. Lincoln was not able to see plainly 
enough to read on account of the injury to his head, not 
being able to see but a portion of a word at a time. He 
could see small words but only part of a long one at one 
time or without moving his paper. On this account he 
has been unable to preach. His present place of business 
is No. 2 Wheelwright and Clark's Block. He lives at 
129 Cedar street. 

Dr. Ralph Kneeland Jones was born at Stockbridge, 
in the county of Berkshire, in Massachusetts, on Sunday, 
July 13, 1823. He was the son of Samuel Jones of that 
place, a lawyer, and a graduate of Yale College. Through 
his father, who was the fifth of the same name, he was 
descended from the Jones family of Saybrook and Heb- 
ron in Connecticut, and through his mother, from the 
Connecticut Gilberts and Champions. Fitted for college 
at the schools and academy at Stockbridge, he was ad- 
mitted to Williams College, but did not join his class. 
After teaching for a short time he decided to adopt the 
profession of a physician. He pursued his medical 
studies with Dr. Henry I. Bowditch, of Boston, and at 
the Medical School at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and the 
Harvard Medical School at Boston. In the autumn of 
1847 he received the degree of M. D. from the latter 
school, and, after a year's service as house physician in 
the Massachusetts General Hospital, settled for the prac- 
tice of his profession at West Needham, now Hellesley, 
Massachusetts. A year later he removed to Vineyard 
Haven (then called Holmes' Hole), on the Island of 
Martha's Vineyard. On November 4, 1853, he was 
married to Miss Octavia Avon Yale Norris, of that vil- 
lage. In 1857 Dr. Jones removed to Bangor, Penob- 
-scot county, Maine, and has ever since lived here, and 
has been actively engaged in professional work. In the 
years 1862, 1863, and 1S66 he was City Physician of 
Bangor. In 1862 he was appointed an Examining Sur- 
geon of Pensioners, being one of the first to receive such 
appointment, and since the organization of the Bangor 
Board of Examming Surgeons in 1870, he has been its 
President. In 1863 he received the appointment of Sur- 
geon in the F'irst Regiment of Infantry in the Maine 
State Guards. The Penobscot County Medical Associa- 
tion chose him as its President in February, 1867, and 
again in November, 1874. In 1874 he delivered the 
oration before the Maine Medical Association at its an- 
nual meeting at Portland. Dr. Jones has four sons 
living — Henry Champion, Gilbert Norris, Ralph Kneel- 
and, Jr., and Eliot Norris. The first and oldest is at 
present (November, 1881) Assistant in Botany in Har- 
vard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Melvin Preble, of Bangor, is a son of Winn Pre- 
ble, a native of Bowdoinham, Kennebec county, Maine. 
His mother's maiden name was Lucinda Williams, daugh- 
ter of Samuel Williams, Esq. Winn Preble was m for- 
mer years a merchant in Bangor, though now retired. 
He has six children living, viz: H. C. Preble, of Bangor; 
Edwin, of Garland; Melvin; Marilla M., wife of Henry 
A. Swett, of Gloucester, Massachusetts; Hiram J., of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



793 



Bangor, an attorney of this city; and LucindaW. Tiiey 
lost two in early life. Dr. Melvin Preble was born Uily 
10, 1848. He attended the common and hiuh-school at 
Garland, and then went to Massachusetts and attended 
the Medical Department of Harvard University for one 
year; then went to Brunswick, Maine, and attended the 
Maine Medical College, from which he was graduated in 
the class of 1866. After graduating he spent some time 
in the Medical Hos]3itals in Boston. He commenced 
the practice of medicine in California, where he went in 
1866. On account of loss of health he returned to 
Maine and after recovering his health sufficiently he com- 
menced practice again. Since then he has lived in Ban- 
gor and practiced his profession. The doctor enlisted in 
I the First Maine Cavalry in 1864-65, and was detailed on 
j special duty. First he was in the Commissary Depart- 
ment, and afterward Chief Clerk in the mustering office 
at Etrics, Virginia. During the summer of the year 
1865 he was detailed, together with Sergeant Chandler 
L and a Miss Truman, of the village, to open and teach a 
' free school, for the benefit of the children and people of 
the place. This being a free school was largely attended 
ll and served to show that the Union soldiers and officers 
' only wished the people well and desired to do them good. 
At the close of the term the teachers received the com- 
mendations of the officers of our army and the people of 
the town. The doctor was appointed as city physician 
during the years 1862 and 1S63. This was the year that 
the smallpox raged here, and though the doctor was him- 
self disabled and had to go on crutches from a broken 
leg caused by being caught in the falling wall of a burning 
building, he notwithstanding this managed to make as 
high as sixty calls a day and had excellent success. Dr. 
Preble is not married. He has a large practice and is 
successful in his calling. 

Dr. Daniel W. Maxfield, a dentist of Bangor, was born 
December 15, 1835. He is a son of .\ndrew and La- 
vinia (McGiath) Maxfield. Andrew Maxfield was a na- 
tive of Wcstbrook, formerly Falmouth, near Portland, 
Maine. He was a son of Daniel Maxfield. Lavinia 
McGrath was born in Bangor, as was also her mother 
and her grandmother. Andrew and Lavinia Maxfield 
had seven children, and Mr. Maxfield had three daugh- 
ters by a previous marriage. The names of his children 
by his second wife were: Daniel W.; Joseph, deceased; 
Sarah, deceased; Joseph N., Frank C, both of last 
named now living in Bangor; Anna F., deceased; and 
Charles S., now in Bangor. Mr. Maxfield was a mason, 
and built the first house on Essex street above State. 
He came to Bangor in 1823. He was one of the first 
Abolitionists in the city. He died Novembers, 18S0. 
Mrs. Maxfield is still living, being seventy-three years of j 
age. Daniel Maxfield, after receiving such an education 
as is to be obtained in the common and high schools of ; 
Bangor, entered the office of Dr. P. Evans, dentist, with 
whom he remained twelve years, learning the profession 
and practicing it under the direction of the Doctor. In 
1875 he opened dental rooms for himself at 2 }i3 Strick- 
land's Block, where he has ever since been located. He 
married Addie M. Prince, daughter of Grant Prince, of 



Albany, Oxford county, Maine. They have two children 
living, viz: Hattie L. and Frederick E. The Doctor has 
served as Councilman in the City Government here. 

Bertram Lewis Smith, Esq., a well-known attorney and 
counsellor-at-law in Bangor, is a native of Exeier, in this 
county, born November 20, 1857, oldest child of Wil- 
liam and Rosina (Foss) Smith. His father was a farmer 
in Exeter. He was trained in the common schools of 
his native town, and at the E.veter High School, under 
private tutors at the Maine Central Institute at Pittsfield, 
and the Bloomficld Academy, where his classical and 
general education was completed at the age of seventeen. 
He had begun to teach in the country schools when he 
was only fifteen, and taught thenceforth every vacation 
until his own formal education was completed, and one 
final term after he left Bloomfield. The next S[)ring, in 
1S75, ^^ came to Bangor and began to read law with 
Judge Whiting S. Clark, a leading practitioner Iiere then, 
and now in Des Moines, Iowa. He remained with 
Judge Clark during all his elementary professional course, 
and was admitted to the Bar at the .August term, 1877, 
of the Supreme Judicial Court, sitting in Bangor, before 
he was twenty years of age. He began practice alone 
the next winter, in West Waterville, and remained there 
about fifteen months, or until the spring of 1879, when 
he was offered a very eligible partnership with General 
(now Governor) Harris M. Plaisted, and finally removed 
to Bangor. He was associated with General Plaisted 
and F. H. Appleton, Esq., in the preparation of the vo- 
luminous Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme 
Courts of ^Liine, which appeared under their names 
with his as associate com])ik'r. The partnership of 
Plaisted & Smith was maintained with great success until 
May, i88r, when it was dissolved by reason of the senior 
partner's election as Governor of the State. He has 
since practiced alone, as successor to the firm of Plaisted 
& Smith. He was a member of the Common Council 
of the city during the official year 1880-81; has been 
Chairman of the Greenback County Committee during 
three campaigns and still holds that responsible position; 
and was a delegate from Maine to the National Green- 
back Convention of 1880, in Cnicago, and represented 
the party of the Stale on the Committees on Permanent 
Organization and on Rules and Orders. In M.irch, 1881, 
he was appointed by Governor Plaisted Reporter of De- 
cisions in the Supreme Court; but the name was with- 
drawn some time afterwards, at the request of Mr. Smith. 
As yet but twenty-four years of age, in the prime of his 
young manhood, with many influential friends and the 
prestige of a successful career thus far, he has the prom- 
ise of long and distinguished professional and general 
usefulness. 

James Donigan was born in Boston, Massachusetts, 
March 15, 1848. His father, Thomas Donigan, had 
eight children, five sons and three daughters, seven of 
whom are still living, viz: Mary E., James W., Bernard 
E., Sarah A. (now Mrs. C. E. Lawrence, of Boston), Ella 
A. (now Mrs. Watkins, of Providence, Rhode Island), 
Thomas H., of Bangor, and Albert F., of Orono, Maine. 
James W. Donigan, the second of these sons, after 



794 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



completing the course of the graded schools of Oldtown, 
went to Lewiston, where he worked in the factories to 
obtain the means to attend the Maine State Seminary 
(now Bates College). He afterward attended the Maine 
Conference Seminary. He commenced the study of law 
in the County Clerk's office in 1869. In 1870 he en- 
tered the office of Charles A. Bailey, Esq., where he con- 
tinued his studies, and was admitted to the Bar at the 
April term in 1872. Mr. Donigan has been a teacher 
for many years, both while pursuing his law studies and 
after his admission to the Bar. August 17, 1874, he was 
married to Miss Carrie A. Starrett, daughter of David J. 
Starrett, of Thomaston, Maine. They have one child — 
Cato M., now three years old. Mr. Donigan is at pres- 
ent located at No. 55 West Market Square. 

D. M. Hall, editor and publisher of the Dirigo Rural, 
in Bangor, is a son of Daniel Hall, of Nobleboro, Lin- 
coln county, Maine. His grandfather, also named 
Daniel, was a native of Jefferson, Lincoln county, Maine, 
though he lived principally in Nobleboro. Daniel Hall, 
2d, father of the subject of this sketch, married Miss Lu- 
cinda Hall, daughter of Isaac Hall, and moved to Her- 
mon in 1834, where he has since lived. Mr. and Mrs. 
Hall have had six children — Daniel M.; Lucinda S.; 
Isaac S., station agent at Maranocook, Maine; Olive T., 
deceased; George W., now in IMinncsota, an attorney, 
graduate of Colby University, now admitted to practice 
in the United States Courts; and one that died in infancy. 
Mr. and Mrs. Hall are both living in Hermon, this coun- 
ty. Daniel M. Hall was born September 17, 1836, in 
Hermon. He spent his boyhood on the farm, receiving 
such an education as the common schools afforded. De- 
siring to get a better education as he grew older, he at- 
tended an academy and fitted himself for a teacher, 
which vocation he followed for several years during the 
winter, carrying on the farm during the rest of the year. 
For two seasons he was employed as a surveyor in Aroos- 
took county. In 1874 he moved to Bangor and started 
the paper which he has since conducted — the Dirigo 
Rural. This is the only agricultural paper east of the 
Kennebec River, and, under the able management of 
Mr. Hall, is one of the best papers in the State. Mr. 
Hall married Miss Maria O. Pike, daughter of Silas S. 
Pike, of Carmel. They have had one son named Mil- 
ton D., who is now deceased. Mr. Hall, while living in 
Hermon, served as Selectman and Superintending School 
Commitleeman. 

One of the oldest and most widely known business 
houses in Bangor is that of Wheelwright, Clark cSt Com- 
pany. Mr. Joseph Wheelwright, the senior member of 
the firm, is a son of George Wheelwright, a native of 
Kennebunkport, Maine, who came to Bangor in 1834. 
He had three children, two sons and one daughter, viz: 
George A., now residing in Wells, Maine; Mary, wife of 
C. P. Felch, of Chicago, and Joseph. Mr. Wheelwright 
was for some years a Custom-house otficer in Kenne- 
bunkport. Joseph Wheelwright was born April 18, 182 1, 
in Kennebunkport, Maine. After receiving such an edu- 
cation as the common schools of that time gave, he 
came to Bangor and entered the employ of Thomas 



Furber as a clerk, remaining with him three years. Mr. 
Furber failed in business and Mr. Wheelwright bought 
out the business. Since that time Mr. Wheelwright 
has been in business here. In 1840 the style of the 
firm was George Wheelwright & Son, being then the only 
clothing house in the city. This was the year of the cele- 
brated Aroostook war, and their entire stock of clothing 
was sold in one day. Mr. George Wheelwright died in 
1845 'i"d the business was continued by J. S. Wheel- 
wright until 1850, when Mr. J. G. Clark was associated 
with him. In 1872 Mr. J. G. Blake and George Wheel- 
wright were admitted as partners and the business has 
since been conducted under the present firm name. 
In 1859 they erected what then was and still is the 
most elegant store in the city, which they occupied for 
their large wholesale and retail business until 1878, when 
they removed to Phoenix Block, and now confine them- 
selves to wholesaling exclusively. The sales of the 
house the first year were only $13,000, but have con- 
stantly increased until now their sales amount to 
nearly $500,000 per annum. Doubtless few persons 
in the city are aware how large and important a man- 
ufacturing establishment this has become. They now 
give employment to over two hundred persons. Mr. 
Wheelwright married for his first wife Miss Susan 
A. Webb, of Weymouth, Massachusetts. She died in 
1876. By her he has three children, one son and two 
daughters, viz: George W., one of the firm; Ella, wife of 
H. A. Saxton, of Bangor; Carrie, now Mrs. H. E. Rus- 
segue of Framingham, Massachusetts. Mr. Wheelwright 
has been a member of the city government in both branches 
and twice, in 1872 and 1873, was the Mayor of the city. 
In 1874 he was sent as Representative to the Legisla- 
ture, and in 1875 ^"d 1876 was a member of the Senate. 
Mr. Clark, of this firm, is a native of Wells, Maine. He 
is a son of Thcmias Clark; was born m 1829, and came 
to Bangor, when a boy, and engaged as clerk with Mr. 
Wheelwright, He has been with him either as clerk or 
partner since that time. He married Hattie Brown, 
daughter of Joseph Brown. She died several years 
since, leaving one son, Lewis, now in Harvard College. 
Mr. Clark married for his second wife Miss Anna Clark, 
daughter of Isaac R. Clark of this city. 

The firm of Leighton, Davenport & Co., gas-fitters, 
has been established under the present name but about 
four years. Mr. Leighton's father, Anson Leighton, 
came to Bangor in 1832. He was born at Falmouth, 
now Portland, March 2, 1812. His parents early moved 
to Norway, Maine, where his father died, leaving a widow 
and two children — Anson and Ichabod E. Anson lived 
from the time he was four years old until lie was fourteen 
with a Mr. Gordon — including a few years with the 
Shaker family at Poland, Mr. Gordon being then con- 
nected with that family. He was afterwards apprenticed 
to a Mr. North, o( Westbrook, where he learned the tin- 
[ilate worker's trade. On coming to Bangor he went to 
work for the well-known firm of Campbell & Mills, where 
h: remained until 1S34, when he formed a partnership 
with Mr. Charles H. Wing, under the firm naine of 
Leighton & Wing. Their shop was at the east end of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



795 



Central Bridge, then just built. Mr. Wing withdrew in 
1 837,. and his brother, I. E. Leighton, became connected 
with him about one year. Mr. Leighton then remained 
alone until about 1840, when he removed to the present 
place of business, corner of Exchange and York streets. 
.\t that time he formed a partnership with Mr. Samuel 
Lunt, under the name of Lunt & Leighton. Mr. Lunt 
withdrew in 1847 and his brother again became connected 
with him, remaining until 1862, when he withdrew, Mr. 
Leighton carried on business alone until 1864, when he 
admitted to partnership Mr. G. A. Davenport, who had 
worked some years in the establishment, and his son, 
Horace W. This firm continued until the death of Mr. 
Leighton, December 5, 1877. He married Eleanor \V. 
Saunders, daughter of John and Martha Saunders, of 
Bangor. She is still livmg. To this couple have been 
born four children — Mary J., now Mrs. George S. Chal- 
mers; Maria L., wife of Mr. M. G. Trask; Martha L., 
deceased; and Horace W. Horace W. Leighton, young- 
est son of this family, is now a member of the firm car- 
rying on. the business at the old stand. He was born 
June 5, 1846, in Bangor, and has been engaged in the 
gas-fitting business since finishing his education. 

Mr. George A. Davenport, of the present firm of 
Leighton, Davenport & Co., is a native of Hallowell, 
Maine. His father was a farmer and brickmaker, and 
George A. was brought up on the farm At the age of 
eighteen he went to Hallowell, and learned the stove 
and tin plate business, remaining there four years. He 
came to Bangor in 1854, and went to work for Wood, 
Bishop & Co. for two years, and then went to work for 
Mr. Leighton. He has been ever since connected with 
the firm, being admitted as a jiartner in 1864. In 1878, 
on the death of Mr. Leighton, Mr. Manly G. Trask was 
taken in as a member of the firm, and so continues to 
this time. Mr. Davenport married Miss M. Louise 
Brown, daughter of Buckley Brown, of this "city. They 
have five children — Etta L., Helen C, LotUe M., .\lbert 
H., and Mattie M. Mr. Davenport has been a member 
of the City Council. 

Manly G. Trask, of the above firm, is a native of New 
Sharon. His father was a farmer, and ALinly G. was 
brought up on the farm. On becoming of age, he came 
to Bangor, and engaged in the business of photography 
which he continued about twelve years. In 1870 he 
went into the hardware business, in which he continued 
until 1877, when he became a member of the firm of 
Leighton, Davenport cS: Co. Mr. Trask married Miss 
Maria L. Leighton, daughter of Anson Leighton, and 
has one .daughter — Mattie L. Mr. Trask has been for 
several years connected with the City Government, havmg 
been three years a member of the Council, and two on 
the Board of Aldermen. When he was a member of the 
Council he was for two years President of that body. 

The firm of N. H. Bragg & Sons, the well known iron 
and hardware dealers of Bangor, has been established 
under the present name since 1871. Norris H. Bragg 
is a native of Dixmont, in this county, where he was a 
blacksmith until 1S54, when he came to Bangor and 
established the business as now conducted in company 



with Sumner Bassford. They continued in business 
until 1861, when Mr. Bassford went out and Mr. Bragg 
continued alone until 1S66, when he admitted his son, 
Norris E., to a partnership. They continued until 1867, 
when Mr. Bragg died and Norris E. Bragg continued the 
business alone until 1871, when he took his brother into 
partnership and conducted the business under the old 
name by adding to the sign, making it N. H. Bragg & 
Sons, under which name it now stands. Norris H. Bragg 
married Sophia Crocker, daughter of Nathanifl Crocker, 
of Dixmont. As stated above, he died in 1867. Mrs. 
Bragg is still living. Their family consisted of two sons 
who grew up, viz: Norris E. and Charles F., the present 
members of the firm. Norris E. married Annie R. 
Tefft, daughter of Benjamin Tefft, of Brewer. They 
have two children — Norris F. and the baby, not named. 
Charles F. married Florence Wingate, daughter of Wil- 
liam P. Wingate. They have two children living — 
Franklin E. and .^gnes W. The place of business of 
this firm is at No. 4 Broad street. 

The Neally family is of Scotch-Irish descent and 
traces its genealogy back to one Andrew Neally, who in 
1730 objected to the hiring of a minister. They have a 
very complete chart of the family. Charles Neally, of 
Bangor, was born in Hampden and came here about 
1836. He has always been engnged in the lumber and 
provision business, and is widely known over the lumber 
region of Maine. He married .\ngeline P. Cummings. 
Mrs. Neally died in 1856, and Mr. Neally married for 
his second wife Mrs. Sarah J. McCirath. Mr. Neally has 
three children, viz: Melvin, of Brewer; Herbert E., 
also of Brewer; and Edward R., of Bangor. Mr. Neally's 
place of business is 96 Excliangc strec t. 

Mr. Charles Hayward, head of the house of Charles 
Hayward & Co., wholesale dealers in flour, groceries, and 
ptovisions, 1 10-14 Exchange street, is a native of the 
Pine Tree State, born in Rcadfitkl, Kennebec county, 
April 7, 181 2. At the age of twenty, on March 11, 1832, 
he reached Bangor and began at onre as clerk in the 
retail grocery store of Mr. Stephen Goodhue; in about 
a year changed to the grocery store of Natlianiel Good- 
hue, and after two years with him to the similar estab- 
lishment of Messrs. J. & J. True, at No. 50 West Market 
Square. After more than five years in their service he 
was admitted, in .August, 1S40, as a member of the firm, 
whicli then took the name of J. & J. True & Co. Three 
years afterw.ird Mr. Jabez True was bought out by his 
partners, and the firm was changed to True & Hayward. 
Various other changes have occuried with the years. 
The latter became head of the house, then bearmg the 
title of Hayward & Harris, in 1855. The latter went to 
Boston three years after, disposing of his interest to Mr. 
Hayward, who continued the business alone until Octo- 
ber, i860, when he received as partners one of his old 
clerks, Mr. George Varney, and .ilso Mr. Charles V. 
Lord, when the house took the name it now bears, but 
with a somewhat different composition. Colonel Varney 
remains with the concern, but Mr. Lord's place has been 
taken since the war by Mr. Wilbur F. Brann. The bus- 
iness'remained 'on West Market Square till the great fire 



796 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



of January i, 1869, which completely destroyed the 
buildnig (the individual property of Mr. Hayward) and 
very nearly all its contents, except the safe, books and 
papers of the firm. After temporary occupation else- 
where they removed to their present spacious and con- 
venient quarters on Exchange street. Mr. Hayward has 
for thirty years been a trustee of the Bangor Savings 
Bank, and on the death of George W. Pickering, six 
years ago, he became its President. He has also been 
long associated m the management of the Kenduskeag 
National Bank. Although a consistent ^^'hig and since 
Republican, he has always objected to office-seeking or 
office-holding; but in 1841-42 deemed it a duty to ac- 
cept service ss a member of the Common Council; in 
1844 as member of the Board of Aldermen, declining an 
offered re-nomination; and in 1847 ^s Mayor of the city, 
serving one term, and again declining re-election. He 
was again in the Board of Aldermen, serving two 
years, 187 1 and 1872, and has been Chief Engmeer of 
the Fire Department, and in many minor positions of 
public trust. He has long been an attendant upon the 
Congregational church, but is not a member of any relig- 
ious organization. He was married May 19, 1847, to 
Miss Amanda M. Leslie, of Bangor. They have three 
children — Charles Leslie, residing in Bangor; Olive M., 
now Mrs. Charles W. Rolfe, of Portland; and Laura M., 
now Mrs. William H. Murphy, of Detroit, Michigan. 

Hon. John B. Foster, member of the firm of W. P. 
Hubbard & Co., commission merchants and flour, grain, 
and feed dealers at No. 8 Pickering Square, Bangor, is a 
native of Petersham, Massachusetts, born in June, 1819, 
and removed to Maine about 1836, when he was seven- 
teen years old, to make his own way in the world. He 
engaged in a store m that part of the then Levant, now 
the site of Kenduskeag village, in this county, and re- 
mained there two or three years, when he removed to 
Bangor, where he has since been prominent in the busi- 
ness circles of the city. The various firms of vihich he 
has been a member were Foster & Upton, in which the 
late Elias A. Upton was a partner; Foster & Hayward, 
the junior member being J. T. K. Hayward, now of 
Hannibal, Missouri, where he has become eminent in 
railway and other business; J. B. Foster & Co., in which 
he was associated with Joseph W. Freese, since deceased; 
and finally is now in the firm of Messrs. W. P. Hubbard 
& Co. He served in 1870-71, as a State Senator from 
Penobscot county, and was President of that body the 
latter year. He had previously served in the lower 
House as a Representative from Bangor, for two years. 
In 1878 he was a member of the Executive Council of 
the State. He was the originator of the Bangor Mer- 
chants' Marine Insurance Company, and its President 
for several years. He was married about 1845, to Miss 
Catharine, daughter of Jacob McGaw, Esq., of Bangor, 
and has had three children, of whom two survive. 

Messrs. Caldwell, Sweet & Bro., leading druggists of 
Bangor, at No. 2 Main street, have one of the newer es- 
tablishments of the city, founded by the senior partner 
in January, 1875. He had been for a number of years a 
clerk in the city drug stores — first with B. F. Bradbury, 



and then with J. F. Patten. He and his brother are 
both natives of the city, sons of Abel S. and Abbie B. 
(Clark) Sweet, who had removed separately, while each 
was single, from Atkinson and Damariscotta, respectively, 
to Bangor, where they were married. Caldwell was 
prosperous in the business from the beginning. Starting 
with but a total capital of five hundred dollars, in partner- 
ship with N. S. Harlow, as Harlow & Sweet, in a drug- 
store just opposite his present place of business, he sold 
out his interest at the expiration of about two years, and 
engaged in the same line of trade under the old Harriman 
House, on Main street, since burned, where he had as a 
partner Mr. Isaiah S. Emery, the firm name being Sweet & 
Emery. They were burned out in December, 1874, 
which dissolved the partnership, Mr. Sweet taking the 
entire interest. The next month, as before stated, he 
started in alone, with a brand new concern, at No. 2 
Main street. In March, 1877, he received into partner- 
ship his brother, Abel S. Sweet, Jr., who had had some 
experience with him in the business. Their trade has 
steadily increased, and they now have one of the finest 
drug-stores in Eastern Maine, with perhaps the largest 
prescription business in the city, and a very excellent 
general trade ; they are also largely in the whole- 
sale trade, commanding purchasers not only from the 
Penobscot, but the Piscataquis and Aroostook Valleys, 
and other parts of tiie State. Both are still young men 
in strong, energetic health of mind and body, and are 
bound to a prosperous future. 

Messrs. Adams Bros., manufacturers of silk and stiiT 
felt hats, and dealers in buffalo and fancy robes, hats, 
caps, and furnishing goods, at No. 5 Bowman's Block, 
Bangor, began with a new establishment in the Granite 
Block in 1869. The firm is composed of Nathaniel G. 
Adams and W. H. H. Adams, of an old Bangor family, 
and both natives of the city, sons of Ebenezer Adams, 
a prominent house-builder in his day, who constructed 
most of the leading business blocks in this city. He is 
still living at the venerable age of eighty-seven. W. H. 
H. Adams had been for some years engaged in similar 
business with Messrs. V. L. Catlin & Co., of Bangor, 
a firm now out of trade here. The new house formed 
by himself and brother prospered, and tlii. Dusiness was 
gradually enlarged from its very small beginnings until, 
about two years after the opening, it was advisable to re- 
move to a better stand and larger quarters on the Ken 
duskeag Bridge, where they have been doing a safe and 
active business during the last ten years. Its demands 
compelled them a few months ago to still further enlarge 
their store-room, and they now have one of the most 
spacious and elegant establishments of the kind in the 
city. Their manufacturing department is carried on in 
the same building, on the floor above their salesroom. 
For several years they have added to their business the 
manufacture of Odd Fellows' regalia, and are about to 
enter also upon the making of the elaborate and beauti- 
ful uniforms worn by the Order of Knights Templars. 

The first representative of the Clayton family in this 
country was John Clayton, who came with Burgoyne's 
army, and was with it taken prisoner at the surrender of 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



797 



Yorktown. He had three sons — Jacob, John, and Bar- 
tholomew. B.nrtliolomcw Clayton, the youngest son, 
married Mary Tarr, ot' Salem, Maine. They had ten 
children, six sons and four daughters, all of whom lived 
to maturity except one. The names of the living are 
Charles, of Bangor, Maine; Matilda, now Mrs. G. Whit- 
ney, of Boston, Massachusetts; William Z., of Bangor; 
Riifus M., of Minnesota; Harriet, now Mrs. Chamber- 
lin, of Massachusetts; Marietta, now Mrs. Davis, of Hyde 
Park, Massachusetts; Colmore P., of Minnesota. Edmund 
B., who died at Andersonville Prison, was a brother of 
those above named. Charles Clayton married Ellen 
Towne, of Vermont. Mr. Clayton settled in Bangor in 
1870, having previously lived in Boston, Hartford, Chi- 
cago, and Philadelphia. On coming to Bangor he en- 
gaged in the leather belt business, which he has followed 
from boyhood. He makes all kinds of bells, together 
with all kinds of boot and shoe leather, his place of 
business being 46 Exchange street. He employs six 
hands on an avei'age. 

Timothy Sullivan is the son of Michael Sullivan, 
of County Cork, Ireland. He had live children, of 
whom Timothy is the second son. Timothy Sullivan 
was born in 1S23 in the Parish of Milltown. He came 
to Bangor in 1844 and commenced life as a laborer; went 
to California in 1852, wlicre he remained four years and 
a half, and, returning to Bangor in 1856, he engaged in 
the grocery and provision business, which he has since 
followed. In 1859 he married Julia O'Brien, from Cork, 
Ireland. They have three children — Michael, Nellie, 
and Mary, oil of whom are living at home. His store 
is at 13 and 15 Exchange and \\'ashington streets, Ban- 
gor. 

F. C. Brackett is the son of John Brackelt, who came 
here from Wolfboro, Massachusetts. He had seven 
children, three sons and four daughters, six of whom 
grew to maturity — Naomi, now Mi's. I. W. Grant, of 
Boston; Laura, now Mrs. P. B. Emerson, of Michigan; 
O. J., now of Nevada City, California; Rilla, now Mrs. 
G. A. Kerswell, of Boston; F. C; Mary, deceased. Mr. 
F. C. Brackett was born in Hermon, Maine, July 26, 
1853. On becoming of age he came to Bangor and en- 
gaged in the '■'■^nufacture of beer and soda water, in 
which he continued until 1878, when he bought out the 
Bangor Ice Company, and has continued in the ice busi- 
ness ever since. In 1873 he married Lizzie Drinkwater, 
daughter of Jefferson Drinkwater, of Bangor. This 
family of Bracketts originally came from England. There 
were three brothers, who came over together. Mr-. 
Brackett does the largest ice business of any firm in the 
city, supplying principally the local trade and shipping 
some to other places. 

Charles Woodman, a man well-known in the business 
circles of this county, was born in Fryeburg, Maine. He 
was formerly a resident of Burlington, where he and his 
brother Andrew, now deceased, were the principal mer- 
chants for many years. Mr. Woodman has resided in 
Bangor during the past fifteen years and has been largely 
interested in the manufacture and sale of lumber. He 
is aho interested in the timber lands of the State. Dea- 



con Benjamin Woodman, father of Charles Woodman, 
was one of the earliest settlers of Burlington. He was 
noted for his honesty and integrity and for his zeal in 
building up Christian institutions. 

The firm of Parker & Peaks, boot and shoe manu- 
factuivrs, of Bangoi-, was established in 1867. They be- 
gan business in a small way, but by close attention to their 
business, coupled with integrity and business ability have 
built up the largest boot and shoe manufactoi-y in the 
city or in this part of the State. Their manufactory is 
located on Exchange street, Nos. 33 and 35. They now 
occupy a two-story building but are about to double their 
capacity by adding another stoiy and basement to their 
establishment. They at present employ about one hun- 
dred hands and this year will manufacture about six thou- 
sand cases of boots and shoes. Their trade embraces 
all New England and most of the Western States. 

One of the largest cloth and clothing houses in Bangor 
is that of Robinson & Arey. These gentlemen are well 
known to this vicinity, having both been with Wheel- 
wright, Clark & Co. for many years. They bought out 
the retail and custom department of that firm in 1879 
and now occupy the fine rooms on Taylor's corner, in 
the WheeUvriglu & Clark block. They occupy three 
stories of the building and employ from forty to fifty girls 
in the manufactory department. They carry a large 
stock of ready-made clothing and cloths. Both are 
young and energetic men and they are doing a large bus- 
iness in their line. 

The firm of Fuller & Stanford, wholesale grocers, was 
formed in 1867. Mi-. Fuller, the senior member of the 
firm, is a son of David Fuller, of Lewiston, formerly 
from Massachusetts, who married Sally Garcelon. They 
had ten children, five sons and five- daughters, all of 
whom grew up to adult life. Mr. Fuller was a mechanic 
and farmer, and David, Jr., was brought up on the farm. 
He is the seventh child and fourth son of the family, and 
the only son living. He was born July 4, 1812. Mr. 
Fuller, on becoming of age, engaged in lumbering, farm- 
ing, milling and mercantile business in Carmel, this 
county, where he lived until about 1S54, when he came 
to Bangor and engaged in the hotel business in which he 
continued about four years. In 1858 he went into the 
lumber and wholesale grocery business with Mr. Hop- 
kins. He also had as a partner Mr. Drummond, and for 
a time Mr. Hopkins. The present firm has continued 
since 1867. Mr. Gordon Slanford, the junior member 
of the firm, was born in Lyndon, Vermont, in 1844, and 
is a son of John Stanford. He came to Bangor in 1863 
and engaged in the dry goods business which he con- 
tinued until the present firm was formed in 1867. This 
firm handle groceries, flour, grain, etc. Mr. Fuller mar- 
ried Elvirsa Dennett, from Hallowell. They have one 
daughter, Augusta, wife of Mr. Stanford, his partner. 

A. H. Merrill, proprietor of the Brownsville slate 
quarries, originally came from New Hampshire. He first 
settled in this State at Belfast. From Belfast he moved 
to Piscataquis county, where he has lived about sixty 
years. He married Persis Poor Greenleaf, daughter of 
' Captain Eben Greenleaf, of Williamsburg, Maine. They 



79^ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



have eleven children now living, having lost two. He 
has associated with him in the slate business four of his 
sons, viz: Adolphu.s, Frederick, Arthur, at the quarry, 
and Henry A., at Bangor. This quarry has been opened 
thirty-five years. They now employ from one hundred 
to one hundred and fifty men and are now putting in 
new machinery to develop another quarry which will an- 
other season en-jploy at least fifty more men. 

The firm of J. S. Ricker & Co., wholesale and retail 
crockery dealers at No. 3 Main street, Bangor, was formed 
in 1877. Mr. Ricker, the senior member of the firm, 
was born in New Portland, Maine. His father, Tobias 
W. Ricker, was a farmer, and married Martha D. Snow. 
They had five children, of whom Josiah is the second. 
He has one sister living, Mrs. Dunbar, of Cherryfield, 
Maine. Josiah S. Ricker was born June 8, 1826. He 
received a common school and academic education, and 
on beginning business life for himself came to Bangor 
and went into the dry-goods store of J. C. \\'hite &: Co., 
on Main street. He remained with them si.\ years, when, 
with E. P. Prince, he opened a crockery store on Main 
street. This firm continued about three years, when Mr. 
Ricker bought out Mr. Prince and continued tiie busi- 
ness alone until 1862, when he formed a partnership with 
Mr. R. Ireland. They remained together until 1869, 
when Mr. Ireland went West and Mr. Ricker did busi- 
ness alone until 1876, when a partnership was formed 
under the (jrescnt firm name, Mr. E. Lyon being the 
junior partner. They do a very large business, both 
wholesale and retail. Mr. Ricker has been connected 
with the city government at different times. He married 
Miss Miranda B. Lyon, daughter of Judge Lyon, of 
Bangor, formerly of Waterville, Maine. They have no 
children. During the war Mr. Ricker was in the State 
service as captain of Company B, Maine State Guards, 
of the First Regiment Maine State Volunteers. He was 
for three months in the United States service with his 
company. Mr. Lyon, the Junior partner, is a son of C. 
E. Lyon, of Bangor, a native of Waterville. C. E. Lyon 
is the well-known dry-goods man on Main street. He 
has three sons — Charles A., William R., and Edward E. 
Edward E., the youngest, was born July 9, 1853. He 
received a common and high-school education, and on 
becoming of age first engaged as clerk with George W. 
Ladd in the wholesale grocery business, where he re- 
mained seven years. In 1877 he formed the ])resent 
partnership with Mr. Ricker. Mr. Lyon married Almeda 
C. Crosby, daughter of John H. Crosby, November 15, 
1877. They have one son — .\lpheus Crosby. 

Mr. Jolm S. Kimball, of the firm of John S. Kimball 
& Son, is a son of Stephen and Rebecca (Sawyer) Kim- 
ball, of Bangor. Stephen Kimball was a son of Jesse 
Kimball, of New Hampshire. Stephen Kimball came 
to Bangor in 1800. He was a house carpenter, and 
brought his tools in bags slung over his horse, coming 
through the woods from the Kennebec. He built the 
Judge Kinsley house in Hampden, still in existence. 
Mr. Kimball married Rebecca Sawyer, daughter of Rev. 
John Sawyer, who was so widely known here for many 
years. He was one of the founders of the Seminary 



here, and was widely known on account of the zeal he 
manifested in the u|)building of educational and Chris- 
tian institutions. Stephen and Rebecca Kimball had 
thirteen children. The names of those who grew up 
were Jackson S., Rebecca H., John S., Stephen J., and 
Charles P. All these are now deceased except Charles 
P., who is in California, and John S. Mr. Kimball 
was in trade here for many years. He died July 13, 
1852, at the age of seventy-one. John S. Kimball was 
born July 21, 1813, in Bangor. He worked during his 
early life on the farm which his father owned near the 
city, though the family lived in town. On becoming of 
age he entered the store of N. G. Norcross, in Bangor, 
where he remained with Mr. Norcross, and afterward 
with Norcross & Mason until 1832, and afterwards clerked 
for Barker & Mills, and was engaged in business, closing 
out during the panic in 1836, and again clerking for sev- 
eral years. In 1850 he went to Boston and engaged 
with C. H. Ham & Co., lumber dealers, as bookkeeper, 
where he remained three years, when he came back to 
Bangor and engaged as clerk with Mr. J. B. Fos- 
ter and continued in this position three years when 
he bought a half interest in the firm and it became 
J. B. Foster & Co. In 1858 he bought Mr. Foster's in- 
terest and continued the business until 1S71, taking in 
his son as a partner. In 1871 he sold out and went into 
the insurance business, in which he is now engaged 
under the firm name of John S. Kimball & Son. His 
place of business is 128 Exchange street. Mr. Kimball 
married Miss Sarah S. French, who died in 1865. Mr. 
Kimball is now living with his third wife. His second 
wife was Abbie C. Scates, of Waterville, who died in 
1870. His present wife's name was Mrs. Saraanth I. 
Dadd. By his first wife he had four children, \\i : John 
F., deceased ; James F., now in Medway, Maine; Samuel 
S., with his father in Bangor, and Edwin, who died in 
infancy. By his second wife he had one son, Charles 
E., deceased. 

One of the largest dry goods establishments in Bangor 
is that of E. C. Nichols. Mr. Nichols was born in 
Corinth, Maine, December 9, 1S38. His parents, Hum- 
phrey and Marcia (Tyler) Nichols, had seven children, of 
whom E. C. is the fourth son. His father was a farmer 
and he spent his early life on the farm, receiving a com- 
mon school and academic education. In 1857 he came 
to Bangor and entered the store of S. & J. Adams as 
clerk, where he remained one and one-half ye-^rs, but his 
health faifing he went out of the store and traveled 
through the country peddling goods. This he did not 
only as a business but to regain his health. After regain- 
ing his health he went :o Lowell and entered into a 
machine shop, but not liking the business he remained 
but a short time. .'Vfter this he taught school in Brad- 
ford. In 1859 he came back to Bangor and clerked for 
Silas S. Drew one year. He also worked for J. P. Bass 
one year and then went into business with J. T. Rines. 
This firm, under the name of Rines & Nichols, con- 
tinued four years when Mr. Nichols sold out his interest 
and bought out A. Kirkpatrick & Co. He carried on 
business alone about four years, when, his health failing 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



799 



him again he went to New Yotk and entered the Hy- 
gienic estabhshment, where he spent the winter. He 
liked the' system so well that he went back and studied 
(or the practice of medicine. His business needing the 
care of a competent man he took in Mr. Kirkpatrick and 
his brother, \V. E. Nichols, as partners, while he re- 
mained in New York until business called him back 
here and forced him to remain and give up medicine. 
Mr. Nichols married Sarah Tyler for his first wife. She 
died in 1876 and he married Ellen Morrill. He has 
one daughter, June by name. Mr. Nichols employs 
about twenty-five iiands most of the time. He manufac- 
tures largely and employs ten salesmen in his large store 
on Main street. 

James D. Glynn, of the firm of Glynn & Reynolds, 
book and stationery dealers, is a son of John and Bridget 
(Fay) Glynn, both born in Ireland. They had nine chil- 
dren, of whom James D. is the oldest living. He was 
born November 11, 1855, in Bangor. His parents 
came here in 1840. After receiving a common school 
education in the schools of Bangor, James commenced 
life for himself in the store of D. Bugbee & Co., in this 
city, where he remained thirteen years. In July, 188 1, 
he opened with Mr. Reynolds a wholesale and retail 
book and stationery store at 142 Exchange street. Mr. 
Glynn married Lena M. Lutz, daughter of Jacob J. 
Lutz, of this city. Mr. Glynn is a young man of ability 
and the firm is already doing a fair share of business in 
their line. 

Mr. David Bugbee, senior member of the firm of 
David Bugbee & Co., booksellers, stationers and book 
binders, 5 Strickland's Block, was born in Pomfret, Ver- 
mont, and having become in different places master of 
the several branches of his trade as book-binder and 
blank book manufacturer, came to this city in June, 
1836, and set up business in a chamber in Smith's 
Block, No. 17 Central street. The following year 
he moved to the ground floor, occupying the front 
for a stationery and book store on a small scale, and the 
rear for his bindery. He was the first to introduce here 
metallic pens, which were then coming into use and dis- 
puting the field with the old goose quill. He was also 
first to sell newspapers at his counter, and at one time 
was disposing of two or three hundred copies of the 
Boston Daily Mail. The original wooden block on Ken- 
duskeag Bridge, on the site of that the firm is now in, 
was burnt in 1836; and when it was rebuilt, two or three 
years after, Mr. Bugbee moved into his present location 
in which his stock was a little watered by the great flood 
of 1846. In October, 1849, ''''^ entire block was de- 
stroyed by an incendiary fire, Mr. Bugbee losing every- 
thing in the store and bindery, amounting to $14,000, 
with only $4,000 insurance. Before the roof fell in he 
had secured a store in Phillips & Witherly's block on E.x- 
change street, and in five days was restocked. The 
block was soon rebuilt and he moved back into it. In 
i8s4 Mr. E. F. Dillingham, for seven years a clerk in 
the store, became a partner, forming the present firm. 
In 1870 they were again driven out by fire, which so far 
destroyed the block that it was remodeled and much 



improved, the firm in the meantime and until re-occupy- 
ing, sojourning at No. 20 ^[ain street. The stability and 
successof this establishment are due to those virtues of 
steadfastness, diligence and prudence, which have of late 
years been growing rare, and with what disastrous results 
are too apparant. The senior member commenced with 
nothing but his Irade and his pluck— has followed it 
without change, excepting enlargements fiom time to 
time, for forty-five years; always holding his business 
well in hand, and never being afflicted with ambition for 
a spread.' Whether these qualities are worth anything, 
we leave the success of the establishment to speak for 
itself. The junior member has also been the "left 
bower" of the establishment. 

Bangor can boast -of having some first-class hotels. 
The Exchange, as kept by Smith & Thayer, is one of 
the best. This house, or a pan of it, was built by Zadoc 
French in 1827. When completed it then seemed so 
large that it was called "French's Folly," for it was then 
thought to be by far too large for a town like Bangor. 
Since then it has been greatly enlarged from time to time, 
and is now often crowded to its utmost capacity. The 
house is owned by the estate of Abraham Woodard. Mr. 
^Voodard kept the house for over thirty-five years. After 
his death, in 1876, Mr. Smith managed it for the estate 
for three years, when it was leased to the present propri- 
etors. Mr. Smith is a native of the State. His father, 
William Smith, was formerly of Exeter, and also lived in 
Waterville. He was a farmer, and spent his early life on 
the farm. He received such an education as the com- 
mon schools afforded, and early began life as a clerk 
in a hotel at Orono. From Orono he went to Augusta 
and engaged as clerk in the Stanley House, where he re- 
mained till 1S64, in which year he became connected 
with the Exchange as clerk for Mr. Woodard, remaining 
until the death of the latter in 1876. The management 
of the house was then placed in his h.-mds until it was 
leased by himself and Mr. Thayer, in 1879. Mr. Smith 
married Miss Melvina Seidlinger, of Waldoboro. Their 
family consists of one son and one daughter. 

Whitman M. Thayer is also a practical hotel man, 
having been for many years connected with the best 
hotels m other ])ortions of the State. He was born in 
Sidney, Maine. His father's name was Barnabas Thayer. 
In early manhood he followed the carpenter trade for a 
time, and at one time was a butcher. He commenced 
his hotel life in the Franklin House, in .\ugusta, with 
a Mr. Longfellow. He finally sold out to Mr. Long- 
fellow and leased the Kennebec House, which he kept 
four and one-half years, when it was burned. Mr. 
Thayer then went into the saloon business in Augusta, 
in which he continued about two years. In 1864 he 
bought the Mansion House, and kept it until 1877, when 
it was burned. He became connected with .Mr. Smith 
and the Exchange in 1879. Mr. Thayer mairicd Miss 
Sarah J. Reynolds, daughter of Milton Reynolds, of 
Sidney. They have one son and one daughter, both at 
home. 

The firm of Dole & Fogg, as at present called, pro- 
prietors of the Bangor Planing and Moulding Mill, has 



8oo 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



been established about fifteen years under the present 
name, though Mr. John Dole had been for many years 
previous carrying on the business. John Dole was a 
native of Limerick, Maine. He came to Bangor in 1837, 
and remained htire about ten years, then went to New 
Hampshire and lived eight years, coming back here again 
in 1855. The mill was built by Albert Dole in i8=;4. 
John bought out his brother and continued it until 1866, 
when Mr. Fogg was taken into the firm. Mr. Dole mar- 
ried Harriet Cook, of New Hampshire. They have two 
sons, George E. and ^Villiam B., both with their father 
in the inill and office. Mr. Fogg also came here from 
Limerick about 1S43. Since then he has lived here. 
This firm employs from thirty to forty "men. 

The Wiggin family originally came from New Hamp- 
shire. Andrew Wiggin, the father of Andrew Wiggin of 
Bangor, married Susan Dame of Durham, New Hamp- 
shire. They had two children, twins, born four months 
after Mr. Wiggin died. Mr. Wiggin had also by a former 
wife and three childien. The name of Mr. Wiggin's 
twin sister was Susan. She married Jacob Frost of 
Gorham, Maine. Andrew Wiggin came to Bangor when 
a boy, in 1827. After learning his trade of carpenter 
and builder he began business for himself. In 1836 
Mr. Wiggin iriarried Elizabeth A. Dean, daughter of Col- 
onel B. S. Dean, of Bangor. They have seven children 
now living, having lost one in infancy. Their names are 
Rudolph R. of Bangor; Sullivan B. of Ellsworth; Clara, 
now Mrs. Brooks of Portland, Maine; Susan D. ; Andrew 
Jr., now with his father in business; Hannah E., now Mrs. 
Jewell of Portland, Maine; and Nettie C, now at home. 
Mr. W'iggin carries on quite a large business, employing 
from five to twenty men according to the season. 

The largest factory for the manufacture and re cutting 
of files in the State is that of Job Collett, on E.xchange 
street, foot of York. Mr. Collett was born in Milk- 
sham, AViltshire, England. His father, Thomas Collett, 
came to the United States when Job was a child. 
Thomas Collett and Jane (Marks) Collett had nine 
children of whom Job was the youngest. His Arther 
carried on the file business in Lowell, Massachusetts, and 
Job was ea;ly instructed in all the details of the business. 
His father came to Bangor to dispose of some files and 
was so well pleased with the opening for business here 
that he sent his son James here to open a shop. The 
shop was opened in 1844, and run by James until he was 
taken sick in the spring of 1S45, when his father came 
to assist him. They then opened a hardware store in 
connection with their shop. James died the next year, 
1846, and soon after Mr. Collett went to Connecticut, 
leaving Job to conduct the business here. Soon after 
this Mr. Woodbury was admitted to a partnership in 
both the hardware and file business. In 1852 Mr. Col- 
lett bought out Mr. Woodbury, and has since continued 
the file-making business alone, Mr. Woodbury continu- 
ing the hardware business. When this business was 
opened here it was thought that first-class goods in this 
line could be purchased only in England, but Mr. Collett 
has proved to the people using files that this was a mis- 
take. His business has been constantly on the increase. 



He at first only re-cut files, but in 1856 he began to 
make the "slim taper" saw file, a new pattern introduced 
by him. It is one of the most pojjular styles in the 
country. He now makes every description of file from 
the minutest, weighing only two ounces to the dozen, up 
to seventy-two pounds to the dozen. He now employs 
from eighteen to twenty hands, and makes about si.x 
thousand dozen files per year, which sell for $18,000. 
Through all the vicissitudes of business Mr. Collett has 
always been enabled to do a safe business and pay one 
hundred cents on the dollar. Mr, Collett looks after 
and superintends his own business instead of trusting it 
to others. He married for his first wife Miss Julia M. 
Leathers, daughter of Isaac Leathers. She died in 1852, 
and Mr. Collett married Miss Elizabeth A.Sawyer, of New- 
burg, for his second wife. He had one daughter by his 
first wife, Jennie M., deceased, and three children by his 
present wife, viz: Charles T., Carrie M., and Henry E. 
Henry A. and Charles C. Wood were practical tin- 
plate and sheet-iron workers, and commenced the manu- 
facture of tin and iron ware and selling stoves in Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island, in 1835. They moved to Bangor 
in 1839, starting their business at No. 2 Mercantile 
Block, under the style of Henry A. Wood & Co., the 
firm continuing till 1851, when William H. Bishop, the 
foreman of their work-shop, became associated with them 
under the naine of Wood, Bishop & Co. C. C. Wood 
retired from the firm in 1854 on account of ill health, 
and went West. V. S. Palmer then became a partner, 
but retired in 1855, when the firm name became Wood 
& Bishop, continuing such till 1864, when John F. 
Colby, their book-keeper and salesman, was admitted 
partner, and the firm again became Wood, Bishop & Co., 
which has continued unchanged since that time. Edwin 
Bishop, of Dover, Maine, became a partner in 1S65, and 
retired in 1S69, when Charles H., son of Henry A. 
Wood, was admitted. The firm now consists of Henry 
A. Wood, William H. Bishop, John F. Colby, and 
Charles H. Wood. The firm occupied the stores at the 
head of Mercantile Block until 1S72, when they bought 
at ijublic auction the store now occu[)ied by them. In 
1867 they bought of Messrs. Eastes & Whittier their 
foundry property, including patterns, tools and ma- 
chinery, which they have much improved and enlarged, 
increasing its production three-fold over its former busi- 
ness. They employ about sixty men at the foundry and 
in the manufacture of tin and sheet iron ware. Their 
trade extends all over our State, and they sell largely in 
New Hampshire and Vermont. Camp cooking apparatus 
has long been a specialty, and there are few lumbennen 
in our whole country that cannot testify to the e.xcellence 
of their wares and their adaptation to the purpose de- 
signed. They have orders for these goods from all the 
States where lumber is cut. Their stove trade has stead- 
ily increased from 1839 — their foundry being exclusively 
devoted to this manufacture and wares appertaining to it 
— and they find it impossible to supply their orders. 
Their stoves have heretofore been designed for burning 
wood, but as this is becoming exhausted and coal is tak- 
ing its place, they are adapting their manufacture to the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



So I 



change, and are producing new and beautiful styles of 
cooking, office, parlor and other stoves for burning coal. 
The 'history of Morse & Co.'s mills goes back into the 
last century. William Hammond and John Smart built 
a saw-mill on the site in 1795. [A saw-mill is said to 
have been built some years before by William Potter at 
the falls near "Lover's Leap."] This subsequently, and 
probably, directly passed into the hands of \Villiani and 
Charles Rice and Obed Haynes, the latter probably 
building the grist-mill, as it was known as " Haynes's 
Mill." These parties in 1812 sold a portion of the 
privilege to John Holt, of Hampden, for a fulling and 
carding mill, from whom to Morse & Co., it came suc- 
cessively through Allen Clark, Mr. Hodgman, and E. O. 
Pendleton. John Pearson became the proprietor, except- 
ing the fulling and carding mills, in 1S14, when they 
were known as "Pearson's Mdls." In 1S32 Ca])tain 
Jacob Drummondcame to this city, buying in and con- 
tinuing in partnership with Pearson till 1851, when he 
bought out Pearson, the mills then becoming known as 
" IJrummond's Mills." Deacon Alexander Drummond 
carried on the grist and plaster mills for many years for 
the proprietors, and Jacob, before his death, gave him 
one-fourth of the |)roperty. Jacob Drummond was 
Mayor in 1844, and died in 1852. L.J. Morse and H. P. 
Oliver carried on the saw-mill under lease from the Drum- 
mond heirs several years previous to 1858, and from 
1858 to 1866, the same, associated with Frank Hight, 
(Morse & Co.) run the mills in the same manner. In 
1856 a steam engine was put into the grist-mill, and in 
1858 the old saw-mill was torn down and rebuilt and 
steam power put in. In i860 Morse & Co. purchased 
the McQuesten mill, near Lover's Leap, built by John 
^Vebster, and m 1864 put in their salt works there. 
They had carried on this mill several years previous to 
i860 on lease. In 1S66 Morse & Co. took Orin Oliver 
and Ralph W. Morse into the firm, and bought out the 
Drummond heirs. E. O. Pendleton also joined the firm 
at the same time with his carding-mill interest, which he 
sold to the concern in 1873, since which time he has 
leased the same. Ralph \V. Morse died in 1870, and 
Walter L., son of L. J. Morse, entered the firm in 1874. 
Upon buying out the Drummond heirs they tore out 
the old grist-mill and rebuilt it, putting in a larger engine 
to run it, and to afford power for various mechanical in- 
dustries occupying the block, among which are the furni- 
ture manufactories of G. W. Merrill & Co., A\'ebb & 
Nason, axe and shave factory, and E. H. Tibbetts, cof- 
fin-maker. By successive purchases they have acquired 
the title to all the shore property about their mills, ex- 
tending to Meadow Brook on the mill side, and much of 
the opposite shore, affording ample room for present and 
prospective needs. Their mills are thoroughly fitted up, 
and have surplus power and accommodations for addi- 
tional industries. They use steam-power supplementary 
to their water-power. No logs now come down the 
Kenduskeag Stream to either of their saw-mills. The 
upper mill opposite "Lover's Leap," which manufac- 
tures salt, salt boxes, and shingles, receives its stock of 
lumber — poplar, bass, and spruce — in the winter season 



by land transportation ; and the lower saw-mills are sup- 
plied with logs coming down the Penobscot River and 
rafted up the stream to their mills, where they are taken 
up over the dam by machinery and stored in the mill- 
pond. The salt manufactured at their works is of excel- 
lent quality and is rapidly extending its sale, having the 
whole market at the north, and finding its w.ay to some of 
the border Provincial towns, and reaching into the west- 
ern i)ortion of the State. Of the seventy-five thousand 
bushels of salt received at this port the past year, they 
imported about forty thousand. The last year's product 
of their salt-mill was one hundred and forty thousand boxes 
of the several sizes, equal to one hundred and fourteen 
thousand boxes of twenty pounds each; while the plaster- 
mill annually produces from two thousand to three thou- 
sand tons. During the summer season they employ 
from sixty to seventy men, and probably half this number 
in the winter when their saw-mills are shut down. This 
firm also has an interest in the Bangor Foundry & Ma- 
chine Company, and a half interest in the firm of A. H. 
Thaxter & Company, Exchange street, the heaviest house 
in the city in corn, and dealers also in flour and shorts. 
The trade in this city and vicinity is largely supplied 
with meal ground at their mill. For enterprise this firm 
is second to none, as is apparent in the enlargement of 
their business as indicated above, the senior members 
having grown up in the establishment and being identi- 
fied with it by hard labor and sagacious management. 

B. N. Thoms, one of the oldest carriage manufacturers 
in Maine, was born January 5, 1816, in Falmouth, 
Maine, though his parents soon moved to Portland. He 
is a son of Benjamin and Sarah Thoms {iwc Sarah Lunt). 
They had ten children, all of whom except one lived to 
maturity. Benjamin N. is the fourth child and third son 
of this family. .'\t the age of seventeen he commenced 
to learn his -trade with Moses & Freeman, of Portland, 
wheie he worked two years, when he entered the factory 
of Stevens & F^merson, who manufactured carriages ex- 
clusively, with whom he remained about two years, when 
he went to Augusta, Maine, and entered the employ of E. 
G. & J. P. Wyman. He remained in Augusta seven 
years, during the first of which he worked for the Wy- 
mans, but in 1839 he bought out E. G. Wyman and be- 
came a partner in the firm under the name of Wyman & 
Thoms. He came to Bangor in 1845, and engaged in 
carriage blacksmithing, in which he continued about 
seven years. In 1852 he opened a carriage manufactory 
in connection, so that since then he has been engaged in 
the manufacture of all kinds of carriages. He married 
Lydia P. Wharff, daughter of Isaac B. WharfT, of Guil- 
ford, Maine. To this couple have been born eight chil- 
dren, only three of whom are living. The names of the 
living are Helen A., now Mrs. Whitman, of Bangor; 
Charles F., who also lives here and works with his father 
and brother in the factory; and Henry B., who is in com- 
pany with his father in the business. Their factory is lo- 
cated on Harlon street, Bangor, where they emi)loy from 
ten to fifteen men. Mr. 'I'homs has been one of the 
Council from his ward, and is well and favorably known 
as a fine business man. 



8o2 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The firm of Dole Brothers, of Bangor, consisting of 
the two brothers, M. B. and J. Albert, was formed in 
1865. Their father, Albert Dole, was a native of Limer- 
ick, Maine; he moved to Bangor in 1822. He had four 
sons and three daughters, viz: Albert Henry, Sarah F., and 
Mary Elizabeth (all of whom are now deceased); William 
B., of this town; J. Albert, also of Bangor; Olive M., 
now Mrs. Horatio Blood, of this city, and John Henry, 
also in the city. J. Albert Dole married Miss Emma H. 
Drummond. They have one daughter, Miriam. Wil- 
liam B. Dole married Mary Wyman Leighton, of Port- 
land, Maine. They have one son, Arthur W. The Dole 
Brothers have large furniture warerooms on Hammond 
street. They manufacture much of their furniture, em- 
ploying about eighteen men the most of the year. They 
manufacture the Dirigo School Desk and Folding Seat, 
which they invented and patented. This is one of the 
oldest enterprises of the city. It was founded by Ed- 
mund Dole in 18 10, and is now in the hands of the third 
generation. It is one of the most complete establish- 
ments in the State. J. Albert was first lieutenant in the 
First Maine Heavy Artillery during the civil war. 

Jonathan F. Parkhurst is the son of Hale Parkhurst, of 
Unity, Waldo county, Maine. Hale Parkhurst had seven 
children, three by his first wife and four by his second, 
Jonathan being the oldest son of the family. He was 
born February 27, 1829, in Unity, Waldo county. On 
becoming of age he went to California and remained two 
years. He then came back and bought cattle in Mis- 
souri and Arkansas and drove them to California, contin- 
uing at this business two years. He then came home 
and went into trade in Unity Village, Maine, also having 
stores in China and Freedom. He came to Bangor in 
1866 and started the saddlery business, continuing one 
year, and then opened in connection with this the trunk 
business, in which he is still engaged. He has the 
largest trunk factory in Maine. His place of business is 
No. 20 Central street, where he has a large and well- 
filled store. He married Mary Fowler, of Unity. Mrs. 
Parkhurst died, and Mr. Parkhurst married for his second 
wife Susan A. Haskell, of Knox, Maine. He has three 
children, two girls and one boy, viz: Mary L., Fred H., 
and Esther B. 

One of the prominent photographers in Bangor is Mr. 
F. C. Weston, who came to this city in 1868 and en- 
gaged in business. His father, Wesley C. Weston, was 
a native of East Corinth and had two children, F. C. and 
Sanford. Mr. Weston has a fine suite of rooms in the busi- 
ness part of the city, located at No. 2 Smith Block. He 
married Miss Nellie E. Simpson, of Hudson, New Hamp- 
shire. They have no children. Mr. Weston is well 
supplied with all the requisites for first-class work. 

William I. Currier, the senior member ol the firm of 
Currier & Hook, has lived in Bangor over forty years and 
is well known. He has been in the business of sail- 
making for many years. In 1864 Mr. George Hook 
came in as a partner. They deal also in flags, cordage, 
and sail makers' stock. They employ from six to ten 
hands on an average. They do quite a business in sell- 
ing material, as well as in the manufactured article. 



Mr. M. Gilligan came to this country when about 
twelve years of age. His father, Peter Gilligan, of Ire- 
land, had three children, Michael, William, and Laugh- 
lin. Michael learned the tailor's trade and in 1834 be- 
gan business for himself in Bangor. He continued this 
business until 1862 when he sold out and went into the 
army as a sutler with the First Maine Heavy Artillery, 
and continued till the close of the war. At the close of 
the war he came back to Bangor, where he had always 
had a house and property, and engaged in commercial 
business, continuing wholly in this until 1876, when he 
opened his select family boarding-house on Hammond 
street, which he still manages. In connection with this 
he is in the employ of the Sanford Steamship Company. 
He married for his first wife Mary J. Lord, a daughter of 
William Lord, of Portland, Maine. He had five chil- 
dren by her, all of whom are deceased. Mrs. Gilligan 
died in 1864. Mrs. Gilligan married for his second wife 
Georgiana Washburn, of Saco. 

Pierre McConville was born in Carlisle, England. 
His father, James McConville, had six children, of whom 
Pierre is the eldest. Mr. McConville came to this 
country in 1869, locating in Philadelphia where he re- 
mained until 1853, when he came to Bangor, and on his 
becoming of age engaged in his present business of 
shipping and commission merchant and ship broker. 
His office is at 28 Exchange street, Bangor. He mar- 
ried for his first wife Mary A. Halliburton, of Hampden, 
who died in 1866. Mr. McConville married for his 
second wife ('lara E. Dudley, daughter of John Dudley, 
Esq., of Hampden. He has one child by his first wife, 
and one by his second, viz: Lillie H. and Bessie D., 
now at home. Mr. McConville has served as Justice of 
the Peace and Notary Public. He was the first Presi- 
dent and one of the originators of the Young Men's 
Christian Association of this city, which was organized 
last January. 

D. M. Clark is the son of Edwin Clark, who was born 
in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Edwin Clark married 
Mary McRuer, daughter of Dr. Daniel McRuer, of Bangor. 
They had three children, two sons and one daughter — 
Ardelia B., deceased, wife of Colonel A. B. Farnham, of 
Bangor; Daniel M., and Donald C, of this city. Daniel 
M. was born August 10, 185 1, in Bangor, where he has 
always since lived. He is now and has been for four 
years engaged in the livery business, his stable being 
located on French street. He has a large stable and 
keeps sixteen horses with first-class carriages. 

John A. Kelley first came to Bangor in 1846 from 
Boston. Mr. Relley's father, Patrick Kelley, never came 
to this country. He had six children, of whom John is 
the youngest. John was born in 1827 and came to this 
country in 1845, locating first in Boston as a journey- 
man tailor. Here he lived till 1846, when he came to 
Bangor. Since then he has lived twelve years in Old- 
town. His present place of business is at 73 Exchange 
street, where he has a good store and employs several 
men and about twenty-five women. 

One of the fine places of business in Bangor is the 
wholesale and retail establishment of W. S. Nickerson. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



803 



Mr. Nickerson was born November 30, 1847. His father, 
Elijah N. Nickerson, had five children, two sons and 
three d'aughters — Sarah L., now deceased; Annie, now 
Mrs. A. W. Pitman, of Bangor; \V. S.; I. L., now of 
Denver, Colorado, and Lydia F., in Boston. Mr. Nick- 
erson has always lived in Bangor, commencing as clerk 
in the store he now occupies, with Blood & Rowe, in 
1865. The firm finally dissolved and Mr. Rowe con- 
tinued the business until 1879, when Mr. Nickerson 
purchased his interest, in which business he has since 
continued. His store is located at 121 Exchange street. 
Mr. Nickerson married Miss Addie F. Milliken, daughter 
of Joseph Milliken, of Bangor. Mrs. Nickerson died 
in December, 18S0. Mr. Nickerson has two daughters 
• — Nellie M. and Josie M. 

The senior member of the firm of Charles York &: 
Co., meat, fish, and grocery dealers, Mr. Perley G. 
York, was born in Standish, Maine. He married Eliza- 
beth A. Mitchell, of Monroe, Maine. They have three 
children, two sons and one daughter — Charles, of Ban- 
gor; Ida M., now Mrs. James Milliken, of Bangor; Albert 
H., who lives with his father. Charles York, who has 
the entire charge of the business in Bangor, married 
Miss Annie B. Treat, daughter of Robert and Amanda 
Treat, of Hudson, Maine. They have no children. Mr. 
York came to Bangor in 1861, and engaged in farming, 
which he followed three years. He then went into a 
hotel, the Broadway House, in which he continued until 
1868, when he went into the meat and provision busi- 
ness, in which he has since continued, having associated 
with him his son Charles. Their place of business is at 
Nos. 9 and 1 1 Granite Block, East Market Square, where 
they have one of the largest and best stocked places of 
this kind in the city, and are doing a large business in 
their line. They have recently enlarged their business 
by adding a large cold air blast refrigerator, the largest 
this side of Boston used in the retail business. 

The branch of the Lincoln family of which Matthew 
Lincoln is a descendant, sprang from Stephen Lincoln, 
who came to this country in 1638. Matthew Lincoln's 
grandfather, Matthew Lincoln, was a native of Hingham, 
Massachusetts. His father, Isaiah Lincoln, was born in 
Sidney, Maine, and removed to Corinna in 1815, where 
he died in 1872. Matthew Lincoln was born November 
18, 182 1, in Corinna, where he lived until 1854, engaged 
in milling and merchandising. He came to Bangor in 
1854 and engaged in the lumber business, in which he 
has since continued. He married Elizabeth Hanson, of 
Palmyra, Maine. They have one son now living, having 
lost one. Mr. Lincoln is largely interested in real estate 
in the city of Bangor. He has in his possession an heir- 
loom of the family, a Bible, printed in 1599, printed 
twenty-one years before the King James revision. 

The firm of Lowell & Tibbetts, house carpenters and 
builders, was formed in 1876. G. F. Lowell was born in 
North Buckspon, Maine, December 6, 1833. He set- 
tled in Bangor in 1861, where he has since lived. He 
married Susan M. Stubbs, of North Bucksport. They 
have three children, viz: Ida N., Gracie G., and Lena 
N. Mr. A. F. Tibbetts was born in New Sharon, Maine, 



March 25, 1829, and settled in Bangor in 1853. He 
married Sarah Tracy, daughter of Samuel Tracy, of West 
Gouldsbcro. They have seven children — five daughters 
and two sons. This firm employs about twenty-five men, 
and do a larger busincis than any other firm in the city. 

The firm of E. H. & H. Rollins do a general planing 
business, and manufacture moldings and gutters at their 
mill in Brewer. The senior member of the firm, Edmund 
H. Rollins, is now deceased, but Henry continues the 
business under the old firm name. They came originally 
from New Hampshire in 1849, ^'''d first engaged in trade 
in which they continued for fifteen years. In 1862 they 
built the mill on the Kenduskeag, which they ran until 
1870. In 1869 they built their mill in Brewer, where we 
now find H. Rollins & Son. They employ about twenty- 
five men, and do all kinds of work in their line. It is a 
well arranged mill, and one of the prominent establish- 
ments in Brewer. 

Archibald L. Boyd, of the firm of A. L. Boyd & Son, 
was born in Bristol, Maine, August 30, 1S27. His 
father, James Boyd, was a farmer. He married Sarah 
Chamberlain, by whom he had si.\ children — four sons 
and two daughters, viz: Elizabeth, deceased; John, de- 
ceased ; Caroline, deceased wife of Captain Henry Treat, 
of Bangor; James H., now in Kingman, Maine; Archi- 
bald L.; and Rodney, who follows the sea. Mr. Boyd 
died in 1857. His wife died in 187 1. Archibald L. 
Boyd was raised on the farm, and on becoming of age, 
or rather at the age of twenty, went into the tin plate 
trade in Bangor, and worked with Henry Call and Leigh- 
ton Brothers. Afterwards he worked at the trade in Ma- 
chias and Boston. In 1S51 he came back to Bangor 
and engaged in the fruit and confectionery business with 
his brother Rodney. Their first place of business was 
in the old market building. There they remained until 
1854, when they moved to No. 6 Hammond street. In 
1875 they moved to their present place, at No. 11 
West Market Square. They keep a large and well se- 
lected stock in their line. In 1876 Mr. Rodney Boyd 
went out, and Mr. A. Boyd took in his son as partner. 
Mr. A. Boyd married Martha J. Eustis, daughter of 
Captain Joseph Eustis, of Bangor. Their family consists 
of five sons — Joseph F., in company with his father, 
James H., Archibald W., George E., in Boston, and Ed- 
ward F. 

Mr. C. G. Sterns, of Bangor, the well-known lumber 
dealer, is a son of Samuel and Emma (Johnson) Sterns, 
of Brookline, Massachusetts. He went to Brewer in 
1809 and built mills there. For many years he carried 
on a large business there at tanning and cunying, boot 
and shoemaking, ship-building, lumbering, and general 
merchandising. He had ten children, of whom five are 
living, viz: Clara R., now Mrs. B. Goodwin; Eliza A., 
widow of the late Benjamin F. Fowls, of Brewer; Han- 
nah, wife of Willis Patten, of Brewer; Mary M., wife of 
O. H. Herriman, of Brewer; and Charles G., the latter 
of whom was born April 13, 1812. He learned the tan- 
ner's trade and sawed lumber in his father's mill in 
Brewer. In 1840 he went into company with his father, 
who died in 1841, and he carried on the business alone 



8o4 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



until 1848, when Deacon Daniel Sargent, second, be- 
came partner with him under the firm name of C. G. 
Sterns & Co., which afterwards became Sargent & Sterns. 
In 1864 they dissolved, Mr. Sargent taking the PJrewer 
Village mill and Mr. Sterns the Roberts steam saw-mill 
at East Hampden, which the firm had purchased in 1863. 
About this time Mr. Sterns established his office in this 
city^ and in 1865 moved here. In 1866 the present firm 
of C. G. Sterns & Co. was formed, consisting of Mr. 
Sterns, his two sons Samuel and Ezra L., and Mr. E. 
Wheelden, all practical lumber men. Their mills are lo- 
cated at Turtle Head, about three miles below Bangor, 
where Mr. Thomas Egery built a steam mill in 1836. 
This was purchased by Mr. Roberts and Hinckley & 
Egery in 1854, who improved it and erected by its side 
another and larger mill. The present firm have im- 
proved both, increasing their capacity and expending on 
them $30,000. Seventy-five men are employed about 
these mills. They produce from twelve to fifteen million 
feet of long lumber, seven million lath, six hundred thou- 
sand staves, besides clapboards, etc. Their principal 
market is in New York and Philadelphia. The firm 
lumber largely, cutting about two-thirds of their logs. 
Mr. Sterns married Margaret L. Lunt, daughter of Dea- 
con Ezra Lunt, of Newburyport, Massachusetts. Two 
of his sons, Ezra L. and Samuel, are in business with 

hUTl. 

Among the first settlers of Penobscot county was Jon- 
athan Pickard, from Rowley, Massachusetts, of English 
descent. His wife was Mary Killburn. He first pur- 
chased land on the banks of the Penobscot River, what 
is now known as Hampden lower corner. Entering into 
the lumber business, he purchased land heavily timbered 
in that section of the town now known as. West Hamp- 
den, and there made his home. This homestead was re- 
tained in the Pickard family until 1878. After some 
years in the above business he engaged in farming. His 
family consisted of six sons and one daughter. Jonathan, 
the eldest son, settled in Newburg and followed the oc- 
cupation of farming; Ephraim, in Hampden, also a farm- 
er; Joseph, settled in Freedom as a merchant; Thomas 
and Joshua, in Belfast, also merchants. Thomas was for 
many years owner and proprietor of the Commercial 
House. Mary, the daughter, married Thomas Taylor 
and settled in Hermon. Daniel remained on the home- 
stead, his father and mother residing with him, both liv- 
ing to a good old age. He was one of the founders of 
the Baptist church at AVest Hampden, and for many 
years, and at the time of his death, was a deacon in the 
same, and one of its most generous and earnest support- 
ers. He married Anne Whitney. They had seven chil- 
dren, only one of whom is now living — Edmund, the 
youngest, who resides in West Hampden. The home- 
stead passed into the hands of the second son, Amos 
Pickard, who made it his home until 1866. He married 
Sarah J. Carter. During his residence in Hampden he 
held the various town offices of trust and responsibility. 
He was a member of the Maine House of Representa- 
tives in 1848 and i860; a member of the Maine Senate 
in 1849 '''"d '•■" 1S50. He also occupied the responsible 



place of Clerk of the Committee on Finance and Appro- 
priations of the United States Senate from 1S61 to 1872, 
inclusive. In 1867 Mr. Pickard moved to Bangor, mak- 
ing that city his home, where he was held an honored 
and valued citizen. He was elected Representative from 
that city to the Maine Legislature in 1879. He died 
April 6, 1880, leaving two children, a son and a daughter. 

Professor Daniel Smith Talcott, D. I)., of the Bangor 
Theological Seminary, was born March 7, 1813, in New- 
buryport, Massachusetts. His father, Daniel Smith, was 
a native of Hartford, Connecticut. (The name Smith 
being so common, the Professor, by act of Legislature 
in 1863, took the name Daniel Smith Talcott, Talcott 
being an old family name.) Daniel Smith was a drug- 
gist by trade and spent his business life in Newburyport. 
He married Abigail Jewett. Their family consisted of 
four children, who grew up. Their names were Daniel ; 
Abbie, married Rev. D. A. Wasson, of West Medford ; 
Elizabeth, married Henry H. Hall, of Santa Barbara, 
California ; and Caroline, deceased wife of William A. 
Kimball, of Lawrence, Massachusetts. Mr. Smith died 
in 1877 as^d ninety years. Mrs. Smith died in 1866. 
Daniel T., the subject of this sketch, received his collegi- 
ate education at Amherst College, from which he graduated 
in 183 1, and Andover Theological Seminary, from which 
he was graduated in 1834. From 1833 to 1836 he was 
instructor in Hebrew at Andover, and pastor at Sher- 
burne, Massachusetts, from 1836 to 1838. He became 
Professor of Sacred Literature in Bangor Theological 
Seminary in 1839. On account of failing health he 
was obliged to resign his chair m 1881. He received 
the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1853 from Colby 
University, and subsequently from Bowdoin College. He 
was married in 1840 to Sophia Hammond Brown, daugh- 
ter of Deacon George W. and Sophia Hammond Brown. 
Mrs. Talcott died in 1866. Their family consists of 
three children — Frances Sophia, Elizabeth Smith, and 
Rowland Mather, all unmarried. 

Isaac Arthur Hatch was born in Horton, Nova Scotia, 
August 23, 181 9, and removed to Bangor, Maine, when 
about six years of age, his father's family being among 
the first settlers and most prominent families in Bangor. 
His mother was from an English family and a lady of 
great refinement. Young Hatch was educated in the 
public and private schools of Bangor, and with the ex- 
ception of a year in a counting-house in Boston, re- 
sided in Bangor until the year i860. From seventeen 
until twenty years of age he was clerk in one of the 
principal dry goods stores in the city. At twenty he be- 
came a member of the firm of Reed & Hatch, afterwards 
Hatch, Thompson & Co., and then I. A. Hatch & Co., 
for nearly twenty years doing a large and successful busi- 
ness. In this place he was Vice-President of the Young 
Men's Bible Society 1843-48, and President in 1849-51; 
was Scribe of the Hammond Street Congregational 
church 1847-48; and Secretary of the Sabbath-school of 
that church in 1850. In i860 he removed to Boston 
and was associated with the large dry goods house of 
Palmer, Waterman & Hatch. After a successful busi- 
ness, and at the expiration of the company partnership 



kISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



805 



in 1868, he retired from the retail trade, and invested in 
the manufacture of hosiery and fancy woolen goods, and 
is at the present time largely interested in the production 
of these goods, and in the woolen commission business 
in Boston, under the firm name of I. A. Hatch & Co. 
In 1844 Mr. Hatch was married to Miss Elizabeth Par- 
sons Chandler, of Newburyport, Massachusetts, a lady 
of great culture and refinement. She died in Novem- 
ber, 1857, leaving two daughters, Laura Elizabeth, now 
the wife of S. F. Wilkins, Esq., of Boston, and the au- 
thoress of two popular Sabbath-school books. The sec- 
ond daughter, Ida Annette, a very promising and beau- 
tiful girl, died suddenly in March, 1875, aged nineteen 
years. In i860 Mr. Hatch married Miss Harriet S. 
Jenkins, daughter of the Hon. John Jenkins, of Fal- 
mouth, Massachusetts. Mr. Hatch's residence is now at 
Newton, Massachusetts. He was an active member of 
the Hammond Street church, Bangor, from 1846. In 
1853 he transferred his relation to the Central church, 
Bangor, and for several years was Superintendent of the 
Sabbath-school. In Boston he was member of the 
Shawmut Congregational church. In 1867, when he ex- 
changed his residence to New-ton, Massachusetts, he 
united with the Elliott Congregational church. 

Reuben S. Prescott, of Bangor, was born November 8, 
1805, in Northwood, New Hampshire. His father was 
Josiah Prescott, a farmer, a descendant of James Prescott, 
who came from England and settled at what is now 
Hampton Falls, New Hampshire. He was of the great 
family of Prescott to which William H. Prescott, the his- 
torian, belonged. At the age of thirteen he became an as- 
sistant and clerk in a store, where he continued until he 
came to Maine in 1826. In 1827 he established himself 
in Exeter, in this county, where he remained until 1833, 
when he removed to Bangor, where he has since resided. 
While in Exeter he was elected Town Clerk, and repre- 
sented the class one year in the Legislature. The year 
after his removal to Bangor the town was converted into 
a city, with that important appendage, a municipal court. 
Of this court he was appointed Recorder, an office to 
which he was well adapted, although not a lawyer. He 
was in the office five years and performed its duties very 
satisfactorily. Mr. Prescott's business has been that of 
an auctioneer and commission merchant. In it he has 
been successful. In all his business he inspired 
such general confidence that has been placed in many 
positions of trust, where integrity, business capacity, and 
sound judgment were required. He was for about 
twelve years an assessor of taxes in Bangor; was Assistant 
Land Agent of the State; was Public Administratcr of 
the county; and was Commissioner on the State Valua- 
tion in 1S60 and 1870. He has been more frequently 
selected as an appraiser of large estates than any other 
person in the county, as the probate records of the last 
quarter of a century indicate; and his services have been 
in demand not only in his own county but elsewhere in 
the State and out of the State — in Portland, Augusta, 
Rockland, Saco, Concord, New Hampshire, and many 
other places — to appraise furniture in hotels, on a change 
of landlords or proprietors, and other property. He has 



held the office of Justice of the Peace and Quorum more 
than fifty years, and was President of the Bangor Board 
of Trade from January, 1873, to January, 18S1, when his 
resignation in the previous October was accepted. From 
the fact that Mr. Prescott was earning his livelihood at so 
early an age as thirteen, with strangers, his school advan- 
tages must have been limited, yet he found time to qualify 
himself for a successful business career. Always inter- 
ested for the prosi)erity of his neighbors and the com- 
munity, he has favored all movements tending thereto. 
Disliking litigation he has frequently used his good of- 
fices to prevent it, and thereby has been the means of 
saving useless expenditures, and perpetuating friendships. 
He has applied himself, always successfully, to accom- 
plish what he has undertaken, and is a fine S|)ecimen of 
a self-made, selfreliant .\merican citizen. 

EInathan Freeman Duren (popularly known as " Dea- 
con Duren "), son of EInathan Duren, of French descent, 
and Elizabeth Freeman, of English origin, was born in 
Boston, January 14, 18 14. He resided in Boston and 
Billerica, Massachusetts, six years; in Cornish, New- 
Hampshire, four years; at Portland, Maine, from 1824, 
with his grandfather, Hon. Samuel Freeman, and, after 
graduating at the high school, entered as clerk in the 
book-store of William Hyde, going with him to Boston, 
1831-33. -August, 1834, he established himself as a 
book-seller and publisher in Bangor, which has been his 
residence to the present time, except in 1846-48, when 
he was connected with the publishing house of Hyde, 
Lord & Duren, in Portland. He has been called to 
various positions of trust and labor in religious, benevo- 
lent, and other associations — among them the office of 
Scribe and Deacon of the Hammond Street Church, Ban- 
gor from 1840; Secretary, 1836-49, and 1852-59; and 
Superintendent, 1842-45, and 1863-71, o( the Sabbath 
School ; Secretary and Chairman of the Committee of 
Publication of the General Conference of Maine, from 
1855; Secretary of the Penobscot Musical Association, 
from its organization in 1848 to this time; and Secretary 
of the Bangor Historical Society, from its organization in 
1864, etc. He was married in 1836, May 30, to 
Mary Clark Hyde, daughter of William Hyde, of Port- 
land. Their children are Freeman Hyde, William (irif- 
fin, and Charles .M. Duren. 

George M. Fletcher, the well-known marble dealer, of 
the firm of Fletcher & Butterfield, of Bangor, was born 
in Wilton, Maine, May 17,1841. He is a son of David 
and Sarah (Stickney) Fletcher. David Fletcher was a 
native of Wilton. He had six children — Lizzie A., 
widow of the late Gilbert L. Heald, of Wilton; Lucy C, 
married John D. Hardy, of Wilton; George M.; Abbie 
J., wife of Morrill N. Young, of Nashua, New Hamp- 
shire; Mary C. married Dr. A. D. Adams, of Wilton, 
and Walter B. Mr. Fletcher died .May 26, 1S76. Mrs. 
Fletcher is living. George M. Fletcher attended school 
winters, and finally attended an academy for a time. He 
taught school for several winters. In 1863 he enlisted 
and remained in the army until the close of the war. In 
1866 he returned to Wilton and traveled for a-season for 
Hiram- Holt & Ca,- seythe Hnanufocturers. . In 1867 he 



8o6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



came to Bangor and engaged with M. S. P. Bradbury, 
marble dealer, as traveling salesman. He remained with 
Mr. Bradbury for nine years and in 1876 he bought the 
establishment and took in as a partner Mr. Benjamin F. 
Butterfield. They have since continued the business 
under the title of Fletcher & Butterfield. This firm 
have a branch shop at Dover in this State. They usually 
employ twelve men and do all kinds of work in their 
line at their large shop on East Market Square. Mr. 
Fletcher married Miss Ella A. Butterfield, daughter of 
Samuel and Betsey Butterfield. They have five children 
— Alice M., Fannie M., Gilbert F., Flora B., and 
George AV. 

A. W. Dudley, the well-known dairyman and farmer 
of Bangor, was born in Chesterville, Franklin county, 
Maine, January 4, 1830. His father, Joseph Dudley, 
married Ruth Davis, of Readfield. They had five chil- 
dren — Mary Jane, wife of L. B. Greene, of Auburn; 
Susanna, deceased; Juliette, deceased; Albion W. and 
Octavia, deceased. Mr. Dudley was a farmer all his life. 
He moved into Bangor in 1835 and settled in the neigh- 
borhood called Sherburn District. Here he lived until 
his death in 1875. Albion W. Dudley was raised on the 
farm. He received but a common school education, 
and left the schools at eighteen, working on the river in 
the sawmills and rafting lumber. In 1850 he went to 
Minnesota and spent two years and more. On returning 
to Maine he found his father in poor health and felt it 
his duty to remain with him. For the last eleven years 
he has been engaged more exclusively in farming and 
dairy business. He owns one of the finest farms in the 
town, known as the old Sherburn farm, to which he has 
added one hundred acres. Mr. Dudley keeps a large 
dairy, usually wintering over thirty cows besides other 
stock. Mr. Dudley married Miss Lizzie A. Jordan, of 
St. Albans, Maine. She died in 1865, leaving four chil- 
dren — Harris C, in Burlington, Vermont; Ella K, Elmer 
L., and Lizzie A. Mr. Dudley married for his second 
wife Jane McClure, of Milo, Maine. He was for three 
years Street Commissioner of Bangor. 

Samuel Hale is a son of Samuel Hale, a native of 
Bradford, Massachusetts. He was for a number of 
years a stage contractor in Portland, Maine, where he 
was widely known. He married Mary White, a native of 
Maine. They had eight children. Mr. Hale had six 
children by a former wife. The names of his children 
by his second wife were Samuel; Edwin, now in Brooks, 
Maine, and who is blind; Elizabeth, deceased; Julia, 
now Mrs. Lowell, of Bangor ; Harriet and Joseph, de- 
ceased; Charles, in Augusta: and Ann Maria, wife of 
Henry G. H. Niebuhr, of Princeton University. Mr. 
Hale died July 10, 1840. Mrs. Hale died March 12, 
1871. Samuel Hale was born February 9, 1806, in Wis- 
casset, Maine. After becoming of age he first engaged 
with Mr. Nat. Mitchell in a grocery and hardware store 
in Portland when fifteen. He was with Mr. Mitchell 
five years and then went into the hardware business for 
himself, having as partner T. B. Brooks. This firm con- 
tinued three years when they dissolved, and Mr. Hale 
went into the post-ofRce in Portland as assistant clerk. 



where he remained about four years, and, his health fail- 
ing, he went to the West Indies and remained one year 
and a half. His health being improved, on his return he 
came to Bangor and engaged in the dry goods and 
grocery business, in 1832 or 1833. About this time he 
married Persis R. Carpenter, who came from Barry, Ver- 
mont. Mr. Hale continued in business until 1837, the 
year of the great financial crash, in which he was broken 
up. He then went to Buffalo, New York, and engaged 
in trade for two years. He then went into the hog busi- 
ness ; his hogs dying with the cholera, he soon left that 
and returned in 1840 to Maine. He then engaged as 
clerk in Portland, and afterwards engaged in trade again, 
and again failed. He then took a mill in Waterford and 
run it six years. From here he went onto a farm in 
Waterford and remained six years. He then lived in 
Norway village two years, and in 1861 moved to Bangor, 
where he has since lived. He was with Horton in the 
music business one and a half years, and then with his 
brother in the jewelry, sewing machine, and music busi- 
ness. In 187 1 he moved to his present farm, about five 
miles from the city. He was obliged to do this on ac- 
count of the loss of sight of one eye. Mr. and Mrs. 
Hale have had two children — Helen, who married E. 
Kilgore, and lives in Norway, Maine, and Georgia, de- 
ceased wife of James L. Page. 

William H. McCrillis, of Bangor, was born in Wake- 
field, New Hampshire, November 4, 1813. His parents, 
John and Abigail (Kimball) McCrillis were natives of 
New Hampshire. Mr. McCrillis was a physician. His 
father, David, was of Scotch-Irish descent. The first 
members of the family came to this country about 1730, 
and settled in the neighborhood of Londonderry, New 
Hampshire. John and Abigail McCrillis had three 
children — Louisa, deceased, William H., and Harriet S. 
The latter married Rufus W. Griswold, of New York, 
who is deceased. Mrs. Griswold resides now in 
Bangor with William H. William H. McCrillis, after 
completing the common school course, went to Phillips 
Exeter Academy and completed his education, and 
studied law two years in New Hampshire. He then 
came to Bangor in December, 1833, and entered the 
office of Allen & Appleton, and was admitted to the Bar 
in the fall of 1834. Here he has since lived. He was 
at one time County Attorney, and was sent to the Legis- 
lature in 1858, 1859, and i860 from this city. 

Charles A. Eaton was born in Portland, Maine, and 
when an infant his parents settled in Bangor, where Ihey 
now reside. His father, Charles Y. Eaton, was a native 
of Portland, as was his mother, Mary (Coffin) Eaton. 
Charles A. Eaton removed to Machias recently, where 
he is now engaged as agent in charge of the eastern 
agency of the Singer Manufacturing Company. He is a 
machinist by trade. He married Eva Witherley, young- 
est daughter of Thomas J. Witherley. Frederick Loomis 
Eaton, his only brother, remains at home in Bangor. 

Francis E. Sparks was born in Orland, Maine, Octo- 
ber 19, 1849. When five years of age he went with his 
mother to Brew^er, and when about seventeen removed to 
Bangor, where he is now Superintendent of the Water 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



807 



Works. He was married May 30, 1874, to Lura J. Rose, 
of Bangor, and is the father of two children— Frank Mel- 
ville, born February 28, 1877, and Fred Eugene, j 
born March 19, 1881. Mrs. Sparks was a daughter of 
William and Laura (Wilson) Rose, of Bangor. 

E. C. Smart, proprietor of the Mining Exchange 
Clothing Store in Bangor, is a native of Portland, Maine. 
His father, Anthony Smart, was a native of Newmarket, 
New Hampshire. He was by trade a blacksmith; mar- 
ried Dorcas Daley, of Portland. They had five children, 
three of whom lived to maturity — Nancy F., married to 
Asa Dresser, of Portland ; Mary Elizabeth, Mrs. Hamil- 
ton, of Portland ; and EmoreC, who was born in Port- i 
land, December 6, 18 19. E. C. clerked in Boston and 
Portland for several years. In 1842 he came to Bangor 
and opened a clothing store, which he has continued to 
the present time. Of late years he has been interested 
in the mining business so rapidly being developed in this 
State. Mr. Smart married Miss .4bbie C. Bryant, 
daughter of Joseph Bryrant, of Bangor. They have five 
children—Joseph F., Mary A., Nellie C, Hattie B., i 
and Lottie J. Mr. Smart's store is at No. 33 Mercan- 
tile Square. He lives at 67 Harlow street. 

James Tobm, the well known clothing dealer of 
Bangor, is a son of John Tobin, of Ireland. He had ten 
children, of whom James is the second. He was born , 
in Ireland, October 9, 1826, and came to this city in 
1848 and entered the employ of Boyce & McKinnon. 
He remained with this firm about four years and then en- 
tered the store of Patrick Wall, dealer in clothing. He 
was with Mr. Wall about four years, when, in 1856, he 
went into business for himself. He occupied first a store 
on the west end of Kenduskeag Bridge. From there he 
removed to the east end of the bridge and occupied a 
store in Harlow's block, where he remained twenty years. 
In 1875 he removed to No. 45 West Market Square, 
where he is now located. He carries a very large stock 
and is well known as a reliable man. His store is one of 
the largest in the city. Mr. Tobin married Miss Mary 
E. McGonagle, of Bangor. Mr. Tobin has been con- 
nected with the city government for several years, having 
been a member of the Board of Aldermen and also of 
the Council. At one time he was acting Mayor of the 
city. 

Charles E. Field, of the firm of Bacon, Robinson & 
Co., the large coal, wood, and ice dealers, of Bangor, is 
a son of Ambrose R. and Sarah (Bates) Field, of Bangor. 
Ambrose Field was a native of Searsport and a son of 
James Field, who was one of the early settlers of Belfast 
and a captain in the War of 1872. .Ambrose and Sarah 
Field had five children — Albert S., of Bangor; Charles 
E.; John and Lillian, deceased; and Cora B. Mr. and 
Mrs. Field are still living. Mr. Field is and has been a 
carpenter and builder. He came to Bangor in 1858 and 
has since lived here. Charles E. Field was born October 
7, 1852. He was for three years a clerk in the ofl^ice of 
the Register of Deeds. In 1873 he became a member of 
the firm of J. H. Robinson & Co., coal and wood dealers, 
and was in this /firm when it consolidated with Bacon & 
Hnckbs, and tooi:. its present firm name of Bacon, Rob- 



inson & Co., of which firm he is now a member. Mr. 
Field was for four years Clerk of the City Council and a 
member of that body for two years. He married Miss 
Dora E. Robinson, daughter of Judson H. Robinson, 
one of the senior members of the firm. They have two 
children— Albert J. and Ethel. 

Mr. Henry N. Fairbanks, of Bangor, was born Octo- 
ber 24, 1838, in Wayne, Kennebec county, Maine. His 
lather was a farmer; his name was George W. Fairbanks, 
a son of Colonel Nathaniel Fairbanks, a Revolutionary 
soldier, and a member of Arnold's expedition up the 
Kennebec. He was a member of the Massachusetts 
Legislature for many years. He married Lucy Lovejoy 
and had five children — Frances, deceased in infancy; 
Lucilla E., wife of Arthur H. Johnson, of West Water- 
ville, Maine; (Jeorge F., now residing in Winthrop, 
Maine; Henry N.; and Julia M., wife of Major A. R. 
Small, of West Waterville. Mr. and Mrs. Fairbanks are 
still living with their son in \\'inthrop, having recently 
removed from the old homestead, where they lived about 
sixty-seven years. Henry N., the second son of this 
family, spent his early life on the farm, and after receiv- 
ing a common and academic education taught school 
one year, then worked one year in the scythe factory at 
Waterville. April 26, 1861, he enlisted in the Third 
Maine Volunteers, and served with the regiment about 
fourteen months. On returning from the army and 
recovering his health he engaged with John P. Squire & 
Co., Faneuil Hall Market. While there he was a volun- 
teer in the Forty-fourth Massachusetts regiment, and 
aided in suppressing the riot in Boston caused by the 
draft. In the fall of 1863 he again enlisted in the Thir- 
tieth Regiment Maine Volunteers; was appointed first 
sergeant of company E, and was promoted to second 
lieutenant and remained with the company until it was 
mustered out, serving in Batiks' Red River expedition 
and Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. He 
was wounded in the Red River expedition at Cane River. 
After the war was over he engaged with the Adams Ex- 
press Company in New York city, as agent and express 
messenger. He remained with this company about one 
and a half years, when he engaged with B. Plummer & 
Sons as solicitor for the Connecticut Mutual Life Insur- 
ance Co. He was sent to St. Johns, New Brunswick, 
and remained there about three years. In 1870 he was 
appointed State agent for the above named company, 
and located at Newark, New Jersey. Here he remained 
until January, 1872, at which time he became associated 
with Francis S. Coffin under the firm name of Coffin & 
Fairbanks, as general agents for the company referred to 
for Maine and the Provinces. In 1876 Mr. Coffin retired 
from the firm and Mr. Fairbanks has continued the busi- 
ness. Mr. Fairbanks married .Abbie A. Woodworth, 
of Farmington, Maine, October 14, 1867; she is a 
daughter of Philip and Esther Woodworth. They have 
two children living, viz: Hiland L., and Nora L. Mr. 
Fairbanks is at present to be found at No. 2 1 Main 
street. He has been three years a member of the Com- 
mon Council, and President for the years 1881-82. In 
1880 he was elected a Director in the European & North 



So8 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



American Railroad under Loan Bill by the City Govern- 
ment. 

Frank G. Lunt, of Bangor, is a son of Daniel and 
Ann (Douglas) Lunt, of Oldtovvn. Daniel Lunt was a 
native of Oldtovvn, Maine. His father, Nathaniel Lunt, 
was a native of Brunswick, Maine. Daniel and Ann 
Lunt had six children, viz : Norah A., wife of Frank 
Wallis, of Alameda, California; Inez H., now Mrs. Henry 
H. Butler, of New York City ; William, deceased; Frank 
G.; Florence, deceased, and Annie, deceased. Mr. Lunt 
is a lumberman, and is now living in this city. Mrs. 
Lunt is also living. Frank G. Lunt was born September 
lo, 1853, in Oldtown. After receiving a common school 
education he entered the store of H. H. Butler, of 
Bangor, to learn the drug business, where he remained 
two and a lialf years, when he went to Charlestown, 
Massachusetts, and entered the drug store of Samuel 
Sewall, and remained one and a half years. In 1874 he 
went to San Francisco, California, and went into the 
drug business in Oakland. He resided there for about 
three years, and engaged in other business besides drugs. 
He married in California, Miss Camilla Babcock, a 
native of that State. In 1878 he returned to Bangor, 
and engaged with his father in the lumber business, con 
tinning until i88o. In November, 1880, he formed a 
partnership with Mr. Charles H. Adams in the fancy 
grocery business. Their place of business is at No. 86 
Hammond street, where they keep a full stock of fancy 
groceries. Mr. Lunt has one son, George B., by name. 

F. O. Buzzell, who came to Bangor in 1872, is a son of 
Henry and Hannah Buzzell, of Dayton, York county, 
Maine. Henry Buzzell had eight children — four sons 
.and four daughters, viz: Charles W., now of Houlton, 
Maine; Colby A., deceased; George H., now of Wood- 
land, Aroostook county, Maine; Frank O.; Sarah E., 
deceased, wife of Thomas Phillijjs, of Biddeford, Maine; 
Julia, wife of Robert Deering, of Saco, Maine; Mary 
Jane, deceased, wife of Elbridge Goodwin, of Biddeford, 
Maine; Maria A., deceased, wife of Augustin Harris, of 
Bostv)n. Henry Buzzell died .Vugust 10, 1865, and Mrs. 
Buzzell, December 22, 1855. Mr. F. O. Buzzell, the 
fourth son of this family, was born December 20, 1839, 
iin Dayton (formerly HoUis), Maine. He first learned 
the carpenter trade before he became of age, working 
summers and attending school winters. He worked at 
this business about eight years, when he engaged in farm- 
ing and lumbering in Dayton. He followed this about 
three years, when he went to Saco and bought a farm, 
and farmed about three years. In :868 he went to 
Biddeford, and formed a partnership with Allen & 
Phillips under the name of Allen, Buzzell & Phillips and 
engaged in the manufacture of "The Raw Hide Loom 
Picker" called the Cocheco Company. In 1871 his 
health failing he engaged in the gtocery business in 
Biddeford with a Mr. Small, continuing one year, when 
he sold and came to Bangor in 1872, and bought the 
steam laundry on No. 31 Central street, where he is still 
in the laundry business, it being the only steam laundry 
in the city. Mr. Buzzell married Susan R. Gordon, 
daughter of Amos Gordon, of Dayton, Maine. They 



have three children, viz: Emma J., Orin A., Gracie M. 

C. L. Deakin, who keeps the fine art store at No. 27 
Main street, Bangor, is a son of Daniel and Hannah 
Deakin. Daniel Deakin was a native of Concord, Mas- 
sachusetts, and came to Bangor in 1832. He had five 
children, three sons and two daughters — Clarence L., 
Florence L., Charles L., Eugene H., and Lillian J. 
Clarence L. Deakin was born November 29, 1848. Af- 
ter his course in the public and private schools in Bangor 
he commenced with his father in the fine art and picture 
business in 1864. He has since continued in this bus- 
iness. He married Miss Kate L. Gardner, daughter of 
L. L. Gardner, Esq., of Boston, Massachusetts. They 
have two children, Herbert H. and Helen K. Mr. Dea- 
kin became partner with his father in both the drug and 
picture business. In 1872 he dissolved with his father 
and took the picture business for himself, in which he 
has ever since continued. In 1874 he vvas burned out 
under the Globe Hotel. He located at his present place 
in 1876. 

K. H. Tibbitts was born in Lisbon, Maine, October 24, 
1826. His father's name was Enoch Tibbitts, who mar- 
ried Cynthia Warren, and had eight children, of whom 
Enoch H. is the youngest of five boys. He learned the 
carpenter business when a young man, and followed the 
business of building for five years. About 1856 he 
bought out Benjamin Adams, who was a casket and coffin 
manufacturer. He has enlarged his business from time 
to tiine until 1875, when he sold his retail department, 
and since then has been engaged in the manufacture and 
wholesaling of caskets and coffins. He also manufac- 
tures all kinds of moulding and house-furnishing mate- 
rial. He is now located on Harlow street, at Morse's 
Mills, where he does a large jobbing business. He mar- 
ried for his first wife, Catharine Sewell. She dying, Mr. 
Tibbitts married .Sarah Jane Spearin, with whom he 
lived about si.x years, when he was again left a widower. 
This was about sixteen years since. Mr. Tibbitts is now 
living with liis third wife, Ann S. Hart. By his second 
wife he had one son — William O., now living with his 
father. Mr. Tibbitts has one daughter by his present 
wife, Sadie by name. 

Mr. Silas Alden, the well-known druggist and apothe- 
cary of Bangor, is a son of Ebenezer and Patience (Gil- 
more) Alden, who came to Union, then in Lincoln county, 
about 1795. Mr. Alden did a large business at Union. 
He carried on a carding- mill, potash business, and store, 
beside his farm, which was one of the best in the 
State. He had twelve children, only four of whom 
are now living, viz: Augustus, now in Union a farmer; 
Dr. Edward, also in Union; James G., of Wisconsin, 
and Silas. Mr. Alden died in Union August 10, 
1862. Mrs. Alden died October 17, 1856. Silas Al- 
den was born June 23, 1804. He spent his early life 
on the farm, and at the age of twenty-one went to 
school for two years to get the education denied him be- 
fore this. This he did, paying his own way. After at- 
tending school until competent to teach, he engaged in 
teaching for several years. He married Sarah Lindley, 
born November 29, 1804. They settled in Hope, now 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



809 



Appleton, in Knox county. Here he purchased a carding- 
mill and engaged in making rolls (custom work). At 
that time each family manufactured their own clothing. 
Mr. Alden lived in Hope about five years, when he 
moved to Bangor, where he has since lived. Oncoming 
to Bangor he first engaged in lumbering business and 
general trade, but in 1843 changed to the apothecary 
and drug business, at which he has since continued. 
He has a large store on Main street. In former days, 
his son Warren L. was with him, and the firm was Silas 
Alden & Co. His son died in May, 1875, and his son 
Levi L. is now associated with him, under the same 
firm name. Mr. and Mrs. Alden have had ten children, 
viz: Warren L., deceased; George A., in Boston; Levi 
L.; S. Augustus, in Boston; Oscar T., deceased ; James 
E.; Orlandi R, deceased; Ann L, deceased; Sarah I,., 
deceased; Sarah M., wife of Frank N. Lord, of Boston. 

William Z. Clayton, of Bangor, is a son of Bartholo- 
mew Clayton (for early history of the family see sketch 
of Charles Clayton). William Z. was born October 26, 
1835, in Freeman, ItLaine. His father was a farmer and 
AVilliam was raised on the farm until he was nineteen 
years of age, when he ivent West. He lived in Minne- 
sota for ten years, including the time he was in the army. 
He was one of the pioneer settlers of Manknto, Minne 
sota. In 1S66 he returned to ALaine and settled in Ban- 
gor, engaging in the grocery and flour business. This he 
continued about two years, when he went A\'est again, and 
opened up his farming lands, spending much of the time 
there for several years. He now spends some time every 
year in the West. In 1876 he received the appointment 
from the City Government of City Liquor Agent, and in 
18S0 received the appointment of State Liquor Commis- 
sioner, which position he now holds. Mr. Clayton went 
into the army in 1861 from Minnesota as private in the 
First Battery Minnesota Light Artillery. He was soon 
promoted to first lieutenant, and in 1S62 to captain, and 
in 1863 was breveted Major, and was Chief of Artillery 
of the Fourth Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, com- 
manded by General Giles A. Smith until the fall of Atlan- 
ta, and then went through with Sherman to the sea and 
up through North and South Carolina in command of 
the First Minnesota Battery; was at the grand review 
in Washington, and was sent home to Minnesota to be 
mustered out. Mr. Clayton married for his first wife Miss 
Lizzie Rice, daughter of Collins Rice, of Minnesota; 
she died in 1S63, and Mr. Clayton married for his second 
wife Miss Laura Knowles, daughter of Charles Knowles, 
of Newburg, Maine. By his present wife Mr. Clayton 
has four children — NLaud, Charles, Blanche, and Mary. 

Patrick E. McAloon, barber, at No. 117 Exchange 
street, is a son of Peter and Mary (Dunning) McAloon 
of this city, and was born March 17, 1845. Peter and 
Mary McAloon had six children, viz: Owen, Hannah, 
and Bridget, deceased ; John, now in Leadville, Colorado; 
Thomas, in Bangor, and Patrick A. Mr. Mc.\loon was 
a truckman in this city. He died in 1875 and Mrs. Mc- 
Aloon in 1869. Patrick, the youngest son of this family, 
first worked on the river here for some eight years. In 
1870 he learned the barber trade of Mr. B. Williams 



and worked with him three years. He then went to Bos- 
ton and worked for a few months, then to Newport, 
Rhode Island, and remained about eight months. He 
came to Bangor again in 1874 and opened a shop. Mr. 
McAloon married Miss Almeda Burgess, of this city. 
They have no family. 

Mr. Charles E. McCoy, of Bangor, is a son of David 
and Jane (Rogers) McCoy. His grandfather on his 
mother's side was Adam Rogers. David and Jane Mc- 
Coy had five children, viz: James, who died in infancy; 
Olive A., deceased ; Celia R., wife of Henry Tweed, of 
Boston; Ellen, now Mrs. Albert Bean, of Bangor; Ada, 
wife of David Googins, of Chicago; and Charles E. 
Mr. McCoy came here from Lincolnville, Waldo county, 
where he had lived about twelve years. He came there 
from Vermont. In Bangor his family were all born. He 
was a groceryman and well known here. He died in 
1872. Charles E. McCoy, the youngest son, was born 
December 9, 1847, 'i Bangor. He learned the tanner's 
trade and worked at that until 1876, when he was ap- 
pointed on the police force of Bangor, on which he has 
since served. He married Flora A. Van Wyke, daughter 
of Francis and Aimira Van Wyke. They have one son 
named Charles F. In 1864 Mr. McCoy enlisted in the 
First I\Laine Cavalry, Company D, and remained till the 
close of the war, about nineteen months. 

William F. Reed, City Marshal of Bangor, was born 
February 10, 1850, in Bangor. His father, Harvey H. 
Reed, was a native of Massachusetts, and came to Ban- 
gor many years ago. He married Lucy Ann Ripley, of 
Bangor. Their family consisted of four children, all 
sons, viz: Alvin, now on the police force here; William, 
deceased; William F.; and Fred, deceased. Mr. Reed 
was a lumberman and kept a hotel at Grant Place, in 
Piscataquis county. He was killed in the army in 1863. 
Mrs. Reed is still living. William F. Reed, the subject 
of this sketch, after receiving a common school educa- 
tion in the Bangor public schools, took charge of a crew 
of men in the teaming business in the city, employing 
sixteen horses. He was thus employed for six years. 
In 1874 he became a member of the police department, 
and has since been engaged on the force in some capaci- 
ty, being captain of the night watch the last year ere 
elected to his present office in 1877. His ability as 
Marshal, and his popularity, has caused him to be re- 
elected each year since. Mr. Reed married Vonia A. 
Danforth, daughter of Enoch Danforth, of this city. 
They have one son living — William F.^and have lost a 
daughter. 

Thomas Allen, now on the police force of Bangor, is 
a son of Thomas and Hannah (Crowley) Allen. Thorn, 
as Allen was a native of Ireland, and came to this coun- 
try in 1843. He married in Bangor and has been a 
citizen for many years. His family consists of nine 
children hving, viz: Thomas F., Annie, William H., 
Richard, Mary, John, Hattie and Lizzie (twins), and 
Edward. Mr. and Mrs. Allen are both living. Thomas 
F. Allen, the oldest son of this family, was born June 
20, 1853, in Bangor. On becoming of age he engaged 
in submarine diving, which has been his_ principal busi- 



8io 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ness. In 1877 he was appointed as policeman and 
has been on the pohce force since that time. Mr. 
Allen married, in 187S, Annie J. Murray, of this city, 
daughter of Thomas Murray. Their fiimily at present 
consists of one son, Frederick by name. During; his div- 
ing operations Mr. Allen was engaged in Lowell and 
Boston, Massachusetts, besides in the Penobscot Valley. 
While engaged in this business in the Penobscot River 
he found and raised two large cannon that were sunk by 
the British in a vessel that ran aground and sunk in 
1779. One of these went to Massachusetts and one was 
sold by him to Dr. Field, to be presented to the Maine 
Historical Society. 

Willard Cutter, of Bangor, the well-known carpenter 
and builder, was born in Sebec, Maine, May 2, 1822. 
His father, Jeremiah Cutter, married Mary Brown. They 
had eight children, six sons and two daughters. Willard, 
the third child and second son, was brought up on the 
farm in Sebec, and received a common school education. 
He came to Bangor when he was about eighteen years 
of age and went into the shop of Thomas B. Brown, of 
Bangor, where he tlioroughly learned the trade of car- 
penter and builder. He remained with him three years, 
and then commenced business for himself. He has 
since lived here, except three years in California. He is 
one of the leading builders of the city and now employs 
from ten to fifty men. Mr. Cutter married Hannah W. 
Heald, of Eddington, daughter of Joseph Heald. They 
have three children, two sons and one daughter. 

Joseph D. Robinson, the well-known hay and produce 
man in Bangor, is a son of James Robinson, a native 
of Dorchester, Massachusetts. His father was a mer- 
chant in Boston, and married Rachel Howe. They had 
ten children, of whom Joseph is the second son. He 
was bom November 20, 1825, in Dorchester. On be- 
coming of age he engaged in the West India goods busi- 
ness on Long Wharf in Boston, in which he continued 
until i860, when he went into the coal business in Boston, 
continuing in this till 1869, when he came to Bangor 
and engaged m the hay and navigation business, prin- 
cipally in the hay business. Here he has since lived. 
He married Mary E. Robinson, daughter of Gad 
Robinson, of Bridgeport, Massachusetts. They have 
five children — George E. in Boston, Frederick H., also 
in Boston, Miriam, Joseph D., Jr., and Arthur K. Mr. 
Robinson's office is on Lower Broad street, where he 
may generally be found. He is the largest dealer in 
hay in the city. 

Hartford Pond, of Bangor, was born in Brewer, now 
Holden, in this county. His father, Abiah Pond, was a 
native of Wrentham, Massachusetts. Abiah Pond mar- 
ried Cynthia Clewly, daughter of Isaac Clewly, an old 
Revolutionary soldier. Abiah and Cynthia Pond had 
twelve children, of whom Hartford is the youngest son 
now living and the eight child. Mr. Pond was a farmer 
and by trade a shoemaker. Hartford Pond was born 
July 16, 1826. He spent his minority on the farm, but 
on becoming of age he engaged in the lumber business, 
working for John K. Mayo, of East Orrington. He 
worked in the saw-mill six months, when, by an acci- 



dent, he lost all the fingers on his left hand. In 1848 
he came to Bangor and engaged as grocery clerk for his 
brother, Benjamin B. Pond, for whom he worked two 
years, at the end of which time he engaged with Mr. 
Churchill, and afterwards worked as clerk in the store he 
now occupies for many years. In 1866 he bought the 
business and stock in trade, and has since been in busi- 
ness here. Fie married for his first wife Sarah J. Demer- 
itt, who died about 1856, leaving one son, Charles G. 
Mr. Pond married for his second wife Nancy F. Buzzell. 
Mr. Pond was a member of the Common Council in 
1875 and 1876. He was a member of the Board of 
Aldermen in 1877, and again re-elected to the Council 
in 1879. * 

Albert F. Snow, freight cashier in the Maine Central 
Railroad office, was born August 17, 1850. His father, 
George W. Snow, was a native of Frankfort, Maine. He 
was a steamboat captain on the Penobsco River and Bay, 
and died July 6, 1876. Mr. Snow married Elizabeth D. 
Savage, of Bangor. Their children were three sons and 
one daughter, viz: Albert F. ; George F., now freight 
agent of the European & North American Railroad in this 
city; Charles L, with Hincks & Neally, of this city, and 
Mary S., a teacher in the grammar schools of this city. 
Albert F. Snow after obtaining an education in the 
common schools of the city, w^ent to sea and spent 
about two and a half years. In 1870 he entered the 
employ of the European & North American Railroad 
Company, remaining with them for five years, at the end 
of which time he engaged with the Maine Central Rail- 
road Company as freight cashier. Mr. Snow, though a 
young man, has served as member of the Common Coun- 
cil of the City of Bangor, and at that time was the 
youngest member. 

Jefferson Crocker is a son of Daniel and Martha J. 
Crocker, of Somerset county, who were among the early 
settlers of that county. He married Jane Smart, of 
Parkman, and had four children: Louise, Jefferson, 
Henry, and an infant, two of whom are living. Mr. 
Crocker died in his eightieth year. Jefferson Crocker 
was born July 4, 1829. He lived on a farm until the 
age of sixteen and afterwards was engaged in a saw-mill 
about seven years, when he engaged in his present busi- 
ness, running a wool pulling factory. He has been also en- 
gaged in buying and selling produce, also a meat market 
He married Laura A. Stevens, born January 22, 1845, 
daughter of John and Lucy B. Stevens, of Bangor, 
December 20, 1864, by whom he had four children: 
Grace E., born July 30, 1S66; Leonard J., born January 
9, 1868; Ralph H., born June 12, 1871; Laura L., 
born January 30, 1875, all at home. In 1879 Mr. 
Crocker's buildings were burned without any insur- 
ance, the loss being $4,000. Fire broke out at 1 1 a. m., 
and at 2 p. m. he had timber hauling and carpenters at 
work on a new building. In three weeks from the time 
of the fire, he occupied his new building. 

Victor Brett, City Clerk of Bangor, was born in Old- 
town, October 17, 1851. He is the only son of Judge 
E. C. Brett, well known in this county, a sketch of whom 
appears elsewhere. He graduated at Westbrook Semi- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



8ii 



nary in 1868, and then entered Tuft's College, from 
which he was graduated in 1872. In 1873 he entered 
the Albany Law School, and graduated in 1874. After 
his graduation he entered the office of Wilson & Wood- 
ard, of this city, and studied law with them until the fall 
of 1875, when he was admitted to the Penobscot County 
Bar. He then entered upon the practice of law and fol- 
lowed it until 1876, when he was elected City Clerk, 
which office he has since held. Mr. Brett married Miss 
A. Lillian Ames, daughter of Charles Ames, Esq., of 
Bangor. They have one son, Howard by name. 

A. S. Sands, Superintendent of the City Farm and 
Almshouse in Bangor, was born in Sebec, Piscataquis 
county, Maine. His father. Captain Benjamin Sands, 
was born in China, Maine, in 1808. His grandfather 
came from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. A. S. Sands was 
born June 9, 1838. He spent his early life on a farm. 
He has been Superintendent of the City Farm since he 
came to Bangor in 1877. He has two brothers in Ban- 
gor. H, S. Sands came here in 1865, and with S. O. 
Proctor kept a wholesale grocery store. Later he kept 
the Hammond Street Bakery, and at present keeps a 
produce store on Central street. O. S. Sands came to 
Bangor about 1874, and has since kept a grocery and 
produce store. 

William P. Dickey, the well-known hardware dealer in 
Bangor, is a son of George and Lucy L. (Patch) Dickey, 
of Bangor. Their family consisted of five children — 
Lucy J., deceased, wife of Rev. J. A. Haskell ; George 
A, with Jordan & Marsh, Boston; William P.; Annie, 
now Mrs. H. A. Bridges, of Providence, Rhode Island; 
and Nellie, wife of J. H. Snow, of Bangor. Mr. Dickey 
has followed the business of builder in Bangor for many 
years. He is still living, as is Mrs. Dickey. William P. 
Dickey was born in Bangor April 22, 1843. O" becom- 
ing of age he engaged in the hardware business in 1859 
with O. P. Sawtelle. This firm continued about three 
years, when Mr. Dickey sold out to Mr. Sawtelle and 
opened a store for himself, soon after taking in his uncle, 
O. R. Patch, of New York, with the title of W. P. 
Dickey & Co. They continued about four years, Mr. 
Patch being a silent partner. At the end of this time 
Mr. Patch withdrew and Mr. Dickey has since continued 
the business himself. The buildmg he now occupies was 
the first brick store built in Bangor. Mr. Dickey carries 
a very large stock of hardware, besides paints and oils, 
sash, doors and blinds, etc. He married Miss Eliza 
Foss, daughter of Joseph B; Foss. They have two sons 
and one daughter and have lost one son. 

John S. Jenness, who now carries on the hardware bus- 
iness at the old stand of Jenness & Son, is a son of 
Thomas Jenness. This house dates back to 1833, when 
Mr. Jenness and Mr. March came here, the former from 
Deerfield, New Hampshire, and the latter from Ports- 
mouth. They at first occupied a store at No. 2 City 
Point block, which was then just completed. In 1835 
they removed to the present location. No. 1 2 West Mar- 
ket Square. In 1839 they dissolved, and Mr. Jenness 
carried on the business alone; but in 1841 a change was 
made, Horace Jenness taking No. 12 West Market 



Square, and Thomas opening a new hardware store on 
Exchange street. In 1843 these stores were united at 
No. 12 West Market Square, Horace selling out, and Jo- 
seph J. Dearborn, of Deerfield, New Hampshire, asso- 
ciating with Thomas, the firm name being Jenness & 
Dearborn. This firm continued till the fall of 1850, 
when Mr. Dearborn returned to Deerfield. Mr. Jenness 
was then alone till May, 1864, when his son, John S. 
Jenness, was associated with him under the firm name of 
Thomas Jenness & Son. The latter succeeded to the 
business on the death of his father, in August of the 
same year, continuing the same style. The hardware 
business has undergone much change during the last 
forty years. In the first years of then- business the larger 
portion of their stock was imported, and Sheffield and 
Birmingham goods filled their shelves. American manu- 
factures during this period have developed and become 
able to compete with a superior quality of goods which 
now have the market. This establishment deals largely 
in window glass, carrying a complete assortment. They 
also make a specialty in fine cutlery, both of English and 
American manufacture, and carry a full line of sporting 
goods. No other store east of Portland deals in bolting 
cloths. They make a specialty of oils. Mr. Jenness 
married Mary True, daughter of Joseph True, of Deer- 
field, New Hampshire. They had two children — Sarah 
D., now Mrs. James F. Rawson, of Bangor, and JohnS., 
the present proprietor. 

Joshua K. Sherman, the well-known groceryman of 
Bangor, was born in Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massa- 
chusetts, December 29, 1833. His father, Michael Sher- 
man, was a carpenter, and moved from Massachusetts to 
Hampden in 1843, where he spent the latter part of his 
life. He married Miss Paulina Knowles, of Provincetown. 
They had two children — Joshua K.., and Paulina K., de- 
ceased. Joshua Sherman followed the sea until 1868, 
when he was thirty-five years old. That year he came to 
Bangor and engaged in the grocery business with Mr. F. 
T. Hall. They occupy two numbers — 28 and 30 — on 
Center street, where they keep a very large and choice 
stock of goods. Mr. Sherman married Jennie P. Phil- 
lips, daughter of John Phillips, of Hampden. They 
have one son, Philip by name. 

James Dunning is a son of John Dunning, of Frank- 
fort, Waldo county, who was one of the early settlers of 
the township, emigrating in an early day from Bruns- 
wick, Maine. He married Theodosia Blaisdell, and by 
this union had thirteen children — John, Jane, James 
and Alexander (twins), Francis, Theodosia, Sarah, Susan, 
Caroline, Robert, Charles, and Nancy. He was a tanner 
and currier by trade; was in the War of 1.812; died at 
the age of seventy-seven in Bangor. James Dunning 
w-as born April 3, 1813, in Frankfort, now Winterport. 
At the age of thirteen he came to Bangor to learn the 
tanner and currier trade of James Tillon, and worked 
with him one year, after which he went to sea two years. 
He then engaged in mercantile business as clerk for L. 
B. Mclntyre, with whom he remained five years, and 
came to Bangor with him as clerk in 1833, remaming two 
and one-half years longer, alter which he engaged in bus- 



8l2 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



iiiess for himself in dry goods, groceries, and crockery. 
He went to Boston and bought his stock of goods, getting 
credit to the amount of $ii,ooo. He owned the first 
vessel that went to California after the gold excitement, 
rigged the vessel, loaded it with 149 passengers, and 
named it the Gold Hunter. The voyage was a success- 
ful one. He freighted her twice with passengers, and af- 
terward he, with two other gentlemen, took the contract 
to build the Bangor & Kennebec Road, fifty-five miles 
in length. They raised a subscription of $500,000 to 
build the road. He afterwards raised the subscription 
to the gas works, and in the meantime started a Farmers' 
Bank, running said bank over twenty-four years, paying 
the stockholders twelve and one-half per cent., and closed 
the business two years ago, paying the stockholders $120 
per share. He was Colonel of militia; at the commence- 
ment of the war he was in Washington; came home and 
got up the first company of volunteers, and afterwards 
helped organize si.x or seven companies. He married, 
for his first wife, Charlotte A. Hook, of Castine, by whom 
he had five children — James F., James H., Mary E., 
George E., William H. His first wife died February 22, 
1876, and he married again — Julia Palmer, daughter of 
John Palmer, of Bangor — March 26, 1877. He served 
as Representative in the State Legislature two terms. 

Joseph F. Leavitt, the popular General Ticket 
Agent of the European & North American Railroad, 
was born in Levant, in Penobscot county, on the 
1 2th of May, 1842. He is the only living son of 
William F. and Clara (Brackett) Leavitt. His grand- 
father, Joseph Leavitt, was a native of Stratham, New 
Hampshire. William F. Leavitt was a lumberman, and 
moved to Bangor when Joseph was a lad four years old. 
He died in Bangor March 26, 1853. Mrs. Leavitt is 
now living here with her son. Their family consisted of 
seven children, viz: William F., Jr., Ann S., Clara E., 
Joseph F., Ann B., Angelica C, and Susan M., all of 
whom are deceased except Clara and Joseph. When 
but sixteen years old Joseph Leavitt entered a dry goods 
store in this city as clerk. He worked for Stickney & 
Roberts ; also for Thompson & Hichborn. He worked 
for these parties six years. In 1864 he went to Nash- 
ville, Tennessee, where he was connected with the United 
States military railroad in the Engineer's office. He re- 
mained here until the close of the war in 1865, when he 
went to Boston and engaged with a dry goods jobbing 
house as salesman and traveling agent. At the end of 
two and a half years he came to Maine to settle an estate 
in Bucksport and close up the business. Here he took 
charge of a tannery belonging to the estate and contin- 
ued the business of the tannery for one and a half years, 
when he came to Bangor and became connected with the 
European & North American Railroad as book-keeper. 
In May, 1873, he was appointed General Ticket Agent, 
which position he has since filled to the entire satisfac- 
tion of the company. He is now Clerk of the corpora- 
tion. Mr. Leavitt married Mary A. Margesson, daughter 
of the late William Margesson, of Bangor. 

Joseph G. Dummer, of Bangor, is a son of Joseph 
and Elizabeth (Winslow) Dummer. Joseph Dummer 



was a native of Byfield, Massachusetts. He was a cab- 
inetmaker by trade, and for many years carried on that 
business in Hallowell, Maine. He had a family of seven 
children, viz : Elizabeth, wife of the late Samuel Cun- 
ningham, of Bucksport, Maine; Abigail, deceased ; Mary, 
wife of G. Whitman, of Bath, Maine; Martha J., de- 
ceased, wife of Hugh J. Anderson, of Belfast ; Daniel, 
deceased ; Joseph, deceased ; and Shubael, deceased. 
Joseph G. Dummer was born January 4, 1813. About 
1868 he came to Bangor and engaged in the meat busi- 
ness, which he followed for a time, and then went into 
the grocery business. In 1873 he went into the livery 
business, in which he has since continued. Mr. Dum- 
mer married for his first wife Mary P. Peabody. She 
died in 1852, and he married for his second wife Sarah 
Jordan. By his first wife he has three daughters, and by 
his second wife one — Mary, wife of Joseph M. Hodg- 
kins, of Bangor ; Maria, wife of Charles G. Perry, of 
Presque Isle, Maine ; Elizabeth, at home ; and Sarah, 
wife of Fred .A.ppleton, of Bangor. 

Fred W. Gould, of B.angor. was born in the town of 
Bangor December 22, 1850. His father, Addison Gould, 
was a farmer, and came to Bangor from Dexter. He was 
a farmer, and Fred spent his early life on the farm until he 
was eighteen, and then went to Massachusetts and be- 
came a conductor on a horse-car. He came back to 
Bangor and engaged in the crockery and house-furnish- 
ing business for about two years, when he went into the 
business of dyeing and coloring. He followed this about 
six or seven years and then opened his present restaurant 
and oyster house at No. 35 Mercantile Square, where he 
has since kept an eating-house. Mr. Gould married 
Miss Maggie J. Wortman, daughter of Thomas Wortinan, 
of Boston. 

Albert F. Merrill, of the Bangor Flouring Mills, is a 
son of Nathan L. and EHza (Wiggin) Merrill. Nathan 
L. Merrill was a native of Stratham, New Hampshire, 
and came from there to Corinth, Maine, when a young 
man, and engaged in lumber business. In 1855 he 
came to Bangor and engaged in the manufacture of lum- 
ber. He had five children, viz : Nathan and Freeman, 
who now live in Newport; Charles H. and Benjamin 
Franklin, in Cambridge, Maine; Esther O., wife of W. 
A. \Vhitteman, of Illinois; and Albert F., who was born 
September 3, 1839. He lived in Corinth until about fif- 
teen years of age when he came to Bangor. After be- 
coming of age he went to New Hampshire and took 
charge of his father's lumber wharf there. He remained 
in New Hampshire until 1868 when he returned and 
went into the lumber-mill with his brother Charles. 
They remained together about one year, after which A. 
F. managed it alone about eight years. In 1878 he sold 
out and purchased the flour-mill, where we now find him, 
on the Kenduskeag Stream, about a mile from the post- 
office, and called the Bruce Mills. Since purchasing this 
mill Mr. Merrill has enlarged it and built a new house. 
He married for his first wife Abbie Littlefield, of Wells, 
Maine. She died in 1869 leaving four children, Fred- 
erick H., Charles and Albert (twins), and Abbie L. Mr. 
Merrill married for his second wife Miss Hattie M. 



HISTORY OF PElNOBSCOT COUNTY. MAINE. 



813 



Thomas. They have two children — Percy and Hattie 
E. Since residing in Bangor Mr. Merrill has been one 
year a member of the city council. 

Edwin P. Ferguson, of Bangor, is a son of Ivory Fergu- 
son, a native of Elliot, York county, Maine. He married 
Abigail Goodhue, daughter of John Goodhue, one of the 
early settlers of Dixmont, who came from Massachusetts. 
Mr. Ferguson was a hatter by trade, though after settling 
in Di.xmont he gave his attention to farming and became 
one of the most successful farmers and stock raisers in 
town. He died in Hampden in 1869. Mrs. Ferguson 
died in 1843. The surviving members of his family are: 
Sarah J. and Samuel T., both living in Minneapolis, 
Minnesota; Dennison G., of Plymouth, Maine; Ira G., 
of Marion, Dakota Territory; and Edwin P. The latter 
married Mary E. Cotifin, who died in 1S55. Their chil- 
dren are: Willis E., of Portland, Maine; Susie A.; Min- 
nie A.; Ernest S., of Bangor, Maine; Everett J., de- 
ceased ; and Samuel G. Mr. Ferguson first settled in Dix- 
mont on the old homestead, but moved to Bangor in 
1864. He is engaged in farming and stock raising, and 
has a good farm not far from the city. 

. George A. Thatcher, father of Benjamin B. Thatcher, 
came to Bangor in 1822 from Warren, Maine, where he 
was born in 1806. He has always been identified with 
the interests of Bangor, and held for many years the 
office of member of the Board of Assessors. In early 
years he was in the lumber businsss, and is now the only 
living resident of the business men of the time when he 
came here. He has been Deacon of the First Congre- 
gational Church since 1840. He married Rebecca Jane 
Billings, daughter of Caleb C. Billings, one of the oldest 
and most prominent business men connected with the 
early history of the city of Bangor. She was born in 
1 813 and IS still living. The following are the children 
ot the above: George P. Thatcher, of San Francisco; 
Frederick A., died very young; Charles A., (died in 1864, 
while in the service of his country, in command of the 
United States gunboat Gazelle, on the Mississippi River, 
near the mouth of the Red River; killed by guerrillas. 
He was acting Captain in the volunteer navy at the time 
of his death); Benjamin B. Thatcher, of Bangor; Caleb 
B. Thatcher, of Bangor; Sarah Frances, died very young; 
Henry Knox Thatcher, of Bangor. Benjamin B. 
Thatcher, son of (ieorge A. and Rebecca J. Thatcher, 
was born in April, 1839. He married Mary Ella Walker 
(daughter of James Walker, Esq.), in 1866, who died in 
1875. Their children were George Thoreau and Lottie 
May. In 1877 Mr. Thatcher married Charlotte P. Walker 
(daughter of James Walker, Esq.), who is now living. 
He has always lived in Bangor and been connected with 
the lumber business since 1858; was clerk and book- 
keeper for Eddy, Murphy & Company from 1861 to 
1866, and then succeeded to their business, under the 
firm name of N. C. Ayer & Company, and afterwards of 
Cutler, Thatcher & Company, until 1876, since which 
time he has been carrying on the same business alone. 
He was a member of the Board of Aldermen in 1877; 
was elected Representative to the Legislature in 1880 
and still holds that position. 




Warren A. Bragg, of the large wholesale grocery house 
of Thurston & Bragg, was born in China, Kennebec 
county, Maine, October 30, 1838. His father was a 
farmer. Warren A. remained on the farm until he came 
to Bangor in 1863, with the exception of three years 
which he spent in Minnesota. In 1863 he opened the 
store with which he has since been connected. At first 
he did only a retail business. In 1864 he took in Mr. 
W. T. C. Wescott, and the firm became Bragg & Wes- 
cott. They did business together until 1877, when they 
closed up business. Mr. Bragg then opened again, and 
took in Mr. W'. L. Thurston as partner, and the firm be- 
came Thurston & Bragg. They gradually worked into 
the wholesale business, and during the last ten years they 
have done only a wholesale business. Their business 
now has increased until they have one of the largest 
wholesale houses in the city. Mr. Bragg married Lydia 
|. Hilt, of Augusta. They have two children — WiUard 
L. and M. Florence, both now at home. Mr. Bragg has 
been a member of the city government for several years. 

The first representatives of the Emery family in this 
country were John and Anthony, of Romsey, Hampshire 
county, England, who came over in 1635 and settled in 
Newberry. Anthony Emery had a son, James by name, 
born about 1630, and who lived in Kittery; his wife's 
name was Elizabeth. He had five sons, the youngest of 
whom, named Job, was born in 1670. Job Emery had 
four sons and seven daughters. His second son, Joseph, 
married Mehitable Stacy. Their family consisted of 
seven sons and four daughters. His second son, John, 
was born in Kittery, Maine, in 1730, and was one of the 
first settlers in Brewer, in 1773. He had three sons and 
ten daughters. His sons were John Emery, and James 
(who was drowned when a young man), and Nahum. 
John Emery married Abigail Wasgatt, of Mount Desert, 
Maine. They had twelve children, nine sons and three 
daughters. 'I'homas Emery, the eighth son of this fami- 
ly and father of Noah Emery, married Mercy Wasgatt. 
He followed the sea for many years, and then engaged in 
the lumber business. He built the first steam saw-mill 
in Penobscot Valley. He was a man well known, and at 



8i4 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



one time represented Hampden in the Legislature. He 
died in 184S. His family consisted of eight children, 
seven daughters and one son. But three of the daugh- 
ters are living — Julia A., Mrs. Buker, of New York; 
Charlotte, Mrs. Sewall, of Hampden; and Elniira, Mrs. 
Goddard, of Boston. Noah Emery, the only son of this 
family, was born April 2, 1825. He spent his early life 
on the farm, and then went to sea. He has for many 
years been a ship master, and sailed principally from New 
York. He retired from sea life in 1867, and now resides 
in Bangor. He married Mary Ellen Pomeroy, daughter 
of Arad H. Pomeroy, of Hampden. 

One of the largest and most successful lumber dealers 
in Bangor is Mr. William T. Pearson, who was born in 
Corinth, May 27, 1821. His father was a farmer. When 
sixteen years old William T. Pearson came to Bangor 
and went into the store of his brothers, M. cS; O. Pear- 
son, for a time, and in 1843 started a grocery store in 
Mercantile Square, which he continued till 1845. I" 
the spring of 1846 he commenced as a surveyor of lum- 
ber, which he followed till 1853. The reputation which 
he acquired in this line secured his appointment to the 
important position of Surveyor-General, which he held 
in 1850 and 1851. In the latter year he surveyed 16,- 
672,762 feet, the largest amount ever surveyed here by 
any one person in one season. In 1853 he commenced 
the manufacture and wholesale trade of lumber. He 
manufactured at the Basin Mills two years, at Oldtown 
six years, and at Veazie two years. In 1S64 he pur- 
chased the valuable mill privilege at West Great Works, 
which had been occupied by the well-known Dwinel 
Mills, which were burnt a short time previous, and 
erected thereon one of the largest blocks of mills on the 
Penobscot. These mills were burned in the spring of 
1881. They are now rebuilding these mills. In 1873 
he associated with him as partner his nephew, Edgar C. 
Pearson. Mr. Pearson's father was one of the early set- 
tlers of Corinth. 

Henry Brown was born in Winslow, Maine, April 23, 
1832. His father was a native of Frankfort, and his 
mother of Winslow, where both died aged eighty and 
eighty-five years. Henry Brown left Winslow in 1849 
and engaged in lumbering on the Penobscot River. At 
present he is Superintendent of the Dirigo Mill. He 
married Emma E. Ordway, daughter of William Ord- 
way, February 5, 1864, and has had four children — 
Alice, deceased; Harry, Hattie May, and Gertie. Mrs. 
Brown died, and for a second wife he married Yesta M. 
Reid, daughter of Harry and Lovina (Trafton) P>.eid, 
May 12, 18S1. Mr. Brown was Selectman in Oldtown 
four years, and represented that class in the State Legis- 
lature three years. He enlisted in the war in 1861, serv- 
ing as first lieutenant about two months, and was then 
promoted to captain. He resigned in May, 1863, on 
account of ill health. He now resides in Bangor. The 
other members of his father's family were Edward, Cath- 
arine, Job, and Hiram. 

John Patten was born in Hermon, on the place now 
occupied by him and his son, in 181 1. He lived with 
his father until the age of twenty-one, when he took 



charge of the farm, and has been engaged in farming and 
lumbering ever since. The farm was cleared from a wilder- 
ness by his father assisted by his sons. They suffered 
the privations the early settlers were subject to, and the 
father died on this place December 13, 1850. John Patten 
took care of his parents till their death. He was married, 
December 24, 1829, to Cynthia A. Neally, daughter of 
James Neally, of Monroe, who was of military fame. By 
this union three children were born — Calista E., born 
July 12, 1849, married Henry C. Norris, of Hermon, 
and is now living in Hermon ; Charles N., born Decem- 
ber 21, 1852, now living in Hermon on the old home- 
stead, married Etta Ward, of Hampden, December 25, 
1879, and has one child, Lillian May, who was born 
October 6, 1880; Dora E., born December 26, 1855, 
married John Miller, of Newburg, now living at New- 
burg, and has one child, Lina A., born August 5, 1879, 
at home. 

Mr. Silas D. Jones, the well-known clothing dealer of 
Bangor, is a native of Bowdoin, Maine. His father was 
Benjamin Jones, a tailor by trade, who lived many years 
in Bath. He married Elizabeth Hogan, a daughter of 
William Hogan, a Revolutionary soldier who fought all 
through that war, and died at Bowdoin. Benjamin and 
Elizabeth Jones had four sons — Charles, deceased; Ben- 
jamin, now in New York; William, deceased, and Silas. 
Mr. Jones died in 1S35 ; Mrs. Jones died in 1855. 
Silas D., the youngest of this family, was born April 2, 
1824, in Bowdoin. He received a common school edu- 
cation, and early learned the tailor's trade. He came to 
Bangor in 1842, and engaged with Mr. Wheelwright as 
cutter and taking charge of their clothing department. 
Afterwards he became one of the company, and continued 
with them for about twenty years in all, the firm name 
being Jones, Clark & Co. In 1865 Mr. Jones dissolved 
partnership, and went into business with Mr. Fifield, 
under the title of Jones & Fifield, for one year. He then 
went into business with his brother, the firm being Jones 
Bros., until 1870. From 1870 to 1873 he did business 
alone, and then took in his sons as partners, under the 
firm name of Jones & Sons, which has since continued. 
Their present place of business is Nos. i and 2 Kendus- 
keag Bridge. Mr. Jones married Sarah C. Woodbury, 
daughter of Collins Woodbury, Esq. They have four 
children — B. Frank, of the firm; Storer W., also of the 
firm ; Alice Maud, and Annie W. Mr. Jones has been 
a member of the Board of Aldermen three years, and is 
a member of the Water Board now. 

Among the many prominent lumbermen of the Penob- 
scot Valley is Mr. Isaac M. Bragg. He is one of the very 
oldest dealers in lumber here and shipped the first load of 
lumber ever sent out of this port, in the ship Bremen, of 
Bremen, Germany, in 1859. Vessels of smaller burden 
had been loaded here before this, but this was the 
first ship. He also chartered the first two ships that 
were ever loaded here, with deals, one being the Tri- 
mountain, for Liverpool, England. Mr. Bragg is a son 
of Isaac and Hannah (Meigs) Bragg, of China, Kenne- 
bec county, then Harland. Isaac Bragg was a manu- 
facturer of plows. He had seven children, three sons 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



8iS 



and four daughters, of whom Isaac M. is the fourth 
child ajid second son. He was born November i6, 
1812, in China, Maine. He received such an education 
as tlie common schools of that time afforded, which was, 
to say the least, meager. At the age of nineteen he en- 
tered the store of Mr. Foster, of Orono, where he re- 
mained two years, then went away to school to obtain a 
better education. After attending the Academy at 
China two terms he returned and went mto business 
with Mr. Foster as partner, remaining this time two years, 
when he sold out to Mr. Foster and came to Bangor and 
engaged in the grocery and West India trade. He 
gradually worked into the lumber commission business 
which he has since followed. Mr. Bragg has been in 
both branches of the city government at different times. 
In 1839 ^^ married Miss Sarah .A Babcock, daughter of 
William Babcock, of St. Andrews, New Brunswick. She 
died in 1844 and Mr. Bragg married again in 1850 Miss 
Augusta A. Taylor, daughter of .\bner Taylor, of Bangor. 
Mr. Bragg has two children, one by each wife, Carrie A., 
now Mrs. ^V. E. Mann, of Bangor; Florence A., mar- 
ried James C. Buzzell, of Bangor. From the small busi- 
ness of two ship loads of deals, shipped in 1S59, that 
business in Bangor increased to nineteen ship loads in 
1864 or 1865. Mr. Bragg is widely known in connec- 
tion with lumber shipping business here. 

Charles Hight, the well-known bookseller and stationer 
of Bangor, was born in Athens, Maine. His father, 
William Hight, Jr., was a farmer and born in Athens. 
His grandfather was William, and he also was a native of 
New Hampshire. He was one of the first settlers in 
Athens. William Hight, Jr., married Elvira Horn. 
They had but two children, Charles and Frank, twins. 
Mr. Hight is now living in Bangor to be near his sons, 
who are both in business here. Charles Hight was born 
November 25, 1832. He spent his early life on the 
farm and attended the district schools and the academy 
in the village. On arriving at the age of twenty he came 
to Bangor with his brother and entered the store of 
McLure & Co. Here he remained about two years 
when he went into the book and stationery business with 
Mr. O. R. Patch. About 1874 they added the jewelry 
business formerly carried on in their store by Mr. Weeks. 
In 1877 the firm took in Mr. Pfaff, who has charge of 
the jewelry department. Their present place of busi- 
ness is No. 3 Smith Block. Mr. Hight married Miss 
Adelaide Hill, daughter of the late Henry Hill, of Ban- 
gor. They have one daughter, Lillian by name. Mr. 
Hight was at one time a member of the City Council. 

Edward C. Snow, of Bangor, was born in Orneville, 
Maine, January 28, 1846. His father, Jesse Snow, was a 
millwright and a native of Bowdoinham, Maine. He mar- 
ried Eliza F. Mayo. They had four sons, viz : Charles 
W., now residing in Northampton, Massachusetts; Edward 
C; George H., now in Bangor; Olin H., with Edward 
C, in Bangor. Mr. Snow is still living with his sons in this 
city. Edward C. Snow before becoming of age came to 
Bangor and engaged with Samuel B. Stone as salesman. 
He continued with him one year and then engaged with 
JRines & Nichols in the same capacity. He was with 



them until 1872 when he went into business for himself. 
He continued in the dry goods business three years, hav- 
ing as a partner Henry A. Mayo. In 1875 Mr. Mayo 
died and Mr. Stiow went into the manufacture of ladies', 
misses', and children's fashionable garments, also the 
manufacture of mens' shirts. His place of business is 
at No. 16 Main street. Mr. Snow warrants all his work. 
He married Miss Kittie Averill, daughter of William 
Averill, of Orono. They have four children, viz : Ned 
C, Mary W., Maud E., and Annie. 

Hugh Ross, of this city, is a native of Belfast, Maine. 
He is a son of Hugh and Elizabeth (Clifford) Ross. His 
grandfather was also Hugh, a native of Shapleigh, Maine. 
Hugh and Elizabeth Ross had nine children, of whom 
Hugh, Jr., is the fourth. He was born in Belfast Octo- 
ber 30, 1821. At the age of fourteen he left the farm 
and entered the store of his brother John C. Here he 
remained nine years, and in 1845 came to Bangor and 
engaged in the ship chandler business, which he contin- 
ued until T856. In 1852 he went into the steamboat 
business. He has had since then the exclusive towing 
and excursion business of the river. In 1873 he took 
in as a partner Gilbert Howell. Mr. Ross married Anna 
Gilkey, daughter of Philip Gilkey, of Belfast. They 
have five children, viz : (irace, wife of Stuart M. Buck, of 
\Vest Mrginia, a coal dealer; \Vahcr, now with his father; 
Anna, Ralph, and Mary. Mr. Ross is a man very widely 
known in the entire Penobscot Valley. 

Alden F. Hilton, Chief Engineer of the European & 
North American Railroad, is a native of Alna, Lincoln 
county, Maine. His father, Stephen Hilton, married 
Lydia Jewett. They had eight children, six of whom 
grew to man and womanhood, viz: Hartley A., now re- 
siding in Alna; Mary E.; Alden F.; Olivia C, wife of W. 
H. Williams, of Campello, Massachusetts; Laura E., 
now Mrs. Elbridge McKinsley, of Whitefield, Lincoln 
county, Maine; Henry C, now in Boston. Mr. Hilton 
is now 'living in Alna. .\lden F., the second son of this 
family, was born November 19, 1 841, in Alna. He spent 
his early boyhood on the farm, obtaining such a common 
school education as the schools of the little town afforded. 
When he w'as twenty-two he entered the Maine Wesleyan 
Seminary at Kent's Hill, and was graduated in 1S68. 
During the time he was pursuing the course there he 
taught school some. Soon after graduating he was em- 
ployed as Assistant Engineer on the European & North 
American Railroad, with which company he has remained 
ever since. Having a natural taste for the business, he 
was in 1872 elected to the position of Chief Engineer. 
Since his connection with the road it has grown from a 
short line of twelve miles to one hundred and fourteen 
miles in the main line, besides the various branches. Mr. 
Alden married Alma A.'Lewis, of Whitefield, Maine, No- 
vember 8, 1880. 

Albert F. Field, contractor, builder, and slater, of this 
city, is a son of .-Vmbrose and Sarah Field. He was born 
August 21, 1850. He received a common school edu- 
cation in Bangor, and at the age of fourteen, in 1864, he 
enlisted in the Fourteenth Maine \'olunteers. Being 
old-looking for a boy, he was accepted, and served one 



8i6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



year, and was mustered out with the regiment in the 
autumn of 1865, On coming back to Bangor he went 
to sea, and was gone one year. In 1867 he began to 
learn his trade with Charles B. Brown, of this city. He 
remamed with Mr. Brown, and served a three-years' ap- 
prenticeship. At the close of his apprenticeship he en- 
gaged with Mr. Brown, and worked for him five years. 
In 187s Mr. Brown retired, and Mr. Field, with Mr. 
Robertson, bought him out, and continued the business 
until 1878, when they dissolved, and Mr. Field has since 
conducted the business himself. In 1870 he married 
Miss Sarah E. Spear, of Rockland, Maine. They have 
three sons, viz: Charles P., Frank A., and Willie K. 

W. F. Whiton, of Bangor, of the firm of W. F. Whi- 
ton & Co., is a son of Thomas J. Whiton, who came 
here from Boston in 1834. He was a native of Hing- 
ham, Massachusetts. Mr. Whiton, on coming to Ban- 
gor, associated with Stephen Badger and Mr. Lovejoy in 
the manufacture of carriages and coaches of all kinds 
then made. Lovejoy soon went out of the firm, but 
Whiton & Badger continued the business until 1844 or 
1845, when Mr. Badger retired, and Mr. Whiton contin- 
ued the business alone until about 1850, when Mr. 
Phineas Yeaton was admitted. The firm then became 
Whiton & Yeaton, and so continued until the death of 
Mr. Yeaton in 1869. In the last-mentioned year W. F. 
Whiton purchased the business and has since continued 
at the old stand. The buildings have been enlarged 
from time to time, until now Mr. Whiton employs from 
twenty to twenty-five men and turns' out all kinds of light 
work. Thomas J. Whiton had three children, two sons 
and one daughter, viz ; Thomas H., who died in early 
life ; Adeline E., and Walter F. Walter F. was born 
January 21, 1842. He was early trained in the business 
and has always followed it. This firm is the largest of 
its kind in this county. 

Among the prominent manufacturing establishments 
in Bangor is the large pottery of Persson & Soderberg. 
This establishment, named the Bangor Stoneware Com- 
pany, is of only a few months' growth, and already has 
become one of the prominent interests of the city. Mr. 
Persson came from Sweden to Massachusetts, and from 
there he went to Gardner. He learned his trade when a 
lad, and has always worked at the business. His partner 
is also a practical potter, having worked for many years 
in Sweden at the business, as well as elsewhere in this 
country. Their pottery is on Patten street, where they 
manufacture every article that could be expected in their 
line. They already employ nine men. This is by far 
the largest concern of the kind in this part of Maine. 

Albert W. Benson, Ticket Agent at Bangor of the 
Maine Central and other railway lines to the east and 
west, is a native of Waterville, born June 23, 185 1, old- 
est son and child of George B. and Elvira M. (Cornforth) 
Benson, of that city, where his father is connected with 
the great scythe and a.xe factory. His early education 
was received in the public schools of Waterville and dur- 
ing three years at the Lewiston High-school. He also 
served an apprenticeship in one of the cotton mills in 
the latter place, and became an e-xpert machinist. After 



he left the schools he was diverted, however, to other 
business, and began telegraphing at Fairfield, in the sta- 
tion of the Maine Central Railroad, with which road he 
has been connected ever since, with the exception of less 
than a year spent in the employ of the Western Union 
Telegraph Company, at Lewiston. He came from Lew- 
iston to Bangor in 1871, as an operator for the Central, 
and in 1873 took post in the ticket office, where he has 
since steadily remained in the faithful discharge of the 
responsible duties connected with his place. Mr. Ben- 
son was married on New Year's Day, 1875, to Miss Sarah 
G., daughter of Oilman P. and Sarah M. Smith, of Ban- 
gor. They have two children — Kate Lillian and Frank 
Smith Benson. 

Mellen T. Cates is the son of Thomas S. and Char- 
lotte Gates, of Bangor. Thomas S. Cates is a native of 
Jackson, Maine, and Mrs. Cates is a native of Buckfield, 
her maiden name being Shaw. Thomas and Charlotte 
Cates had four children, three daughters and one son, 
viz: Sarah E., now Mrs. Thomas Files, of Bangor; Ce- 
lestia, wife of Rev. S. C. Whitcomb, of Pittsfield, Maine; 
Miriam S., of Bangor ; and Mellen T. Mr. Cates died 
in 1868. Mrs. Cates is still living with Mellen in Ban- 
gor. Mellen T. Cates was born September 24, 1849. He 
learned the joiner's trade, at which he worked about four 
years. In 1869 he went to Boston and entered the em- 
ploy of Clark Brothers & Co. as book-keeper, where he 
remained about six months. In 1870 he came to Ban- 
gor and engaged in the grocery and provision business, at 
which he has since continued. In 1872 he married Miss 
Annie E. Wood, daughter of Daniel and Betsey Wood, 
of Bangor. They have one daughter, Charlotte L. by 
name. Mr. Cates has held the office of Councilman 
one term in this city. He is at present Trustee and Sec- 
i retary of the Bangor Mechanic Library Association. 
His present place of business is No. 47 State street. 
Arthur L. Hopkins, of Bangor, is the son of Joel and 
I Cecelia Hopkins, of Orrington. Joel Hopkins is a son 
of Joel Hopkins, of Bucksport, Maine, who is now living 
in Brewer. Joel and Cecelia Hopkins had but one 
child — Arthur, who was born in South Orrington. 
In the year 1867 his father moved to Brewer, and 
.Arthur went to work as a clerk for O. D. Holt & Son, 
where he remained three years, then he worked one year 
for Mr. J. K. Mayo. In 1877 he entered the employ of 
' George Bowen, Esq., at No. 12 Exchange street. He 
\ remained with him two years, when he bought him 
I out, and has since continued the business at the same 
[ place. He married Ida M. \Vashburn, daughter of B. 
Washburn, of Bangor. He keeps a full line of groceries 
I and provisions, also ship-chandlers' stock. 

Jacob Stern was born July 17, 1844, in Hesse Cassel, 
Germany. He is the son of Nathan Stern, who had five 
children, one son and four daughters. Jacob Stern 
served an apprenticeship of three years to learn the mer- 
cantile business, his father paying $100 a year to the firm 
and his board. At the end of three years, on graduating 
with a class of five hundred he received the first diploma. 
He then went to Berlin and entered a large dry goods 
wholesale house, and traveled through Northern Ger- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



817 



many for three years, at the end of which time he re- 
turned lo his native place to be drafted, being then 
twenty years of age. On account of nearsightedness he 
was exempted. In 1S65 he came to New York, but 
failing to tlnd a situation to suit him, he came to Bangor 
and entered the employ of Mr. F. Meinecke, with whom 
he continued three years, when he bought Mr. Meinecke 
out and has continued the business since. In 1876 he 
married Miss E. W. Walker, daughter of James Walker, 
of Bangor. They have two children, one son and one 
daughter (twins), viz : Philip and Catharine. Mr. 
Stern's present place of business is Nos. 37 and 39 
Main street, Bangor, where he has the largest retail 
store and keeps the largest stock in his line — French, 
English, and German fancy goods and small ware — in 
the city. 

G. W. Spratt, who was born in the town of China, 
Kennebec county, Maine, is a son of George and Susan 
Spratt. George Spratt married Susan Crowell. They 
had seven children — six sons and one daughter — George 
W.; Pharron P., now in Clinton, Maine; I'heodore B., 
deceased ; James B., went away and was never heard 
from ; Allen C, now of Levant, Maine ; Henry \\'., 
now of Orrington, Maine ; and Persis W., widow of 
Walter Robinson, of Brewer. George W. Spratt, the 
oldest of this family, was born July 24, 1822, and moved 
with his father in 1842 to the town of Levant. Here his 
father and mother spent the remainder of their lives. 
When twenty-four years of age he went to Calais, Maine, 
and engaged in the livery and staging business. Mr. 
Spratt lived in Calais until 185S, when he moved to 
Bangor, where he has since lived, continuing in the same 
business. He also has a farm in connection with the 
livery. Mr. Spratt married Harriet B. Marston, daugh- 
ter of John and Hannah Marston, of Falmouth, ALiine. 
To this couple have been born eight children, six of 
whom are living, viz : Caroline M., George, Will, Lizzie 
E., Mary R., Susan P., and Hattie W. Mrs. Spratt died 
in 1866. Mr. Spratt was married again in 1867 to Mrs. 
Maria M. Johnston {nee Maria M. Young), of Waterford, 
Vermont, who had one daughter, Virginia H. 

Terrence F. Cassidy, of Bangor, is a son of James 
and Ellen Cassidy, of Ireland. They had nine children, 
six sons and three daughters, viz : James, Terrence, John, 
Mary Jane, Ellen, Barney, Thomas, \Villiam, and one 
that died in infancy. Terrence P., the second son of this 
family, was born September 22, 1849. He learned the 
blacksmith trade when a young man in Bangor, Boston, 
and California. He first settled in business in Bangor 
in 1870, where he has since lived, working at his trade 
of blacksmithing, giving especial attention to shipsmith- 
ing business (cant dog manufacture). Mr. Cassidy mar- 
ried Margaret Landers, of Bangor, daughter of Patrick 
and lemperance Landers. They have two children liv- 
ing, viz : John \\ . and Mary J. They have lost one 
daughter, Nellie by name. Mr. Cassidy is at present 
Councilman from this ward. He was first lieutenant in 
Company C, Ninth Maine State Militia, from 1877 to 
1879. His present place of business is on Front street, 
Bangor. 



Otis D. Maddox, of Bangor, is a native of the State. 
He is a son of John Maddox, who was a carpenter by 
trade. He married Mary K. Gould. Their family con- 
sisted of nine children, four sons and five daughters, of 
whom Otis D. is the oldest son. He was born in Unity, 
Maine. He married Jane Mears, daughter of Elder 
Mears, of Morrill. Mr. Maddox first went to Belfast, 
Maine, with his father when quite a lad. At the age of 
thirteen he went to sea, and followed the sea for about 
eighteen years, when he left that occupation and engaged 
in shoemaking in Belfast. In 1859 he came to Bangor 
and continued the business. He had previously worked 
here. Mr. Maddox has two sons — Fred and Charles, 
both now in Bangor. He has for many years been con- 
nected with the fire department in Bangor. He was for 
several years assistant engineer, and is now chief engineer 
of the very efficient department here. 

David H. Smith, of Bangor, is a son of James and 
Mehitabel (Jones) Smith, of Bangor. James Smith kept 
a meat market here for many years. He was one of the 
early settlers in Bangor, there being but two stores and 
one church here when he came. He is still living. Mrs. 
Smith died in 1869. They had six children, viz: James, 
Jr., deceased; Eliza Jane, deceased; Charlotte, wife of 
P. B. Burleigh; \Varren, deceased; David H.;andElbra 
Augusta, now Mrs. A. B. Sutton, of Orono. David B. 
Smith has always been a farmer, and lived in Bangor. He 
has a fine farm only three miles from town. Mr. Smith 
married Olivia McCorison, of Bangor. They have but 
one child, Grace H. 

Charles H. Adams, of the firm of Lunt i.S^ Adams, is a 
son of Charles K. and Mary E. (Bailey) Adams, of Ban- 
gor. Charles K. Adams is a native of Concord, Massa- 
chusetts. He came to Bangor in 1826, and is now in 
the carriage painting business here. He has five chil- 
dren, viz: Emma J., Lizzie H., Charles H., Frank A., 
and George K. Charles H. Adams was born January 6, 
1859, in Bangor. After attending the schools (common 
and high) of the city, he clerked for E. C. Nichols & Co. 
for three years, then for J. P. Moore four years. In 1880 
he formed the present partnership with Mr. Lunt in the 
fancy grocery business. They are both young, energetic 
men, and are already receiving a fair share of trade in 
their line. 

George L. Phillips, the bakery man on Exchange street, 
Bangor, is a son of George and Rachel (Lincoln) Phil- 
lips, who had six children, of whom George L. was the 
third. His father was a teacher, and at one time was en- 
gaged in trade in Bangor. George L. was born in 181 1, 
in this city. On becoming of age he opened the baker 
business, which he has since continued. He is the old- 
est business man on Exchange street, having been located 
where he now is since 1839. He, with his brother, built 
the block where he is now located in 1846, it being the 
first brick block on the street between York and State 
streets, on the east side of the street. Mr. Phillips has 
seemed to live and prosper on "bread alone." He mar- 
ried Lucinda Knowlton, of Nonhport. They have one 
son living, now in the medical college in Boston. 

The well known dealer in stock and dressed meat in 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Bangor, Mr. Lorin A. Davis, came from Exeter, in this 
county, to Bangor in 1879. He is a son of the late Rich- 
ard Davis, of Exeter, who was a farmer and drover. Mr. 
Davis spent his early life on the farm in Exeter. He 
early began to deal in stock, and since coming to Bangor 
he purchased the slaughter-house formerly owned by i 
James Smith. This he has enlarged and greatly im- 
proved untd he now is able to dress about fifteen thou- 
sand sheep and fifteen hundred cattle, with hogs and 
calves in proportion. He ships his mutton mostly to 
Boston, and some beef, though he sells most of his beef 
in the home market. Mr. Davis imports many of his 
sheep from the Provinces. He has, m this business, be- 
come widely known, nut only in Penobscot county, but 
all over Eastern Maine. His slaughter-house is furnished j 
with all the latest appliances for the proper handling and ' 
care of meat. Mr. Davis married Miss Joanna Chase, 
of Brooklyn, New York. They have one daughter. 

Elijah \V. Hasey is a son of William Hasey, who came 
to Bangor when twenty-one years old, in 1782. He was 
born in 1761. He married Prudence Webster, of Ban- 
gor. They had ten children, viz : Martha, Ebenezer, 
Andrew W., Margaret, Susan, Jane, Rebecca, Hannah, 
William, and Elijah, all of whom are deceased except 
the latter. Mr. Hasey always followed farming, though ■ 
in his early days he lumbered some. He died in 1850, 
at the age of eighty-nine; Mrs. Hasey died in 1852, aged 
eighty-.six. Elijah W. Hasey was born May 16, 1809, in 
Bangor. He has always lived in this town, following the 
business of lumbering, farming, hotel-keeping, the livery 
business, etc. He is now engaged in farming. He mar- ' 
ried for his first wife Hannah B. Martin, of Newport. I 
She died in 1865. By her Mr. Hasey had twelve chil- 
dren, viz: Frances, deceased; Thomas B., deceased; j 
William H. Harrison, also deceased ; Prudence W., wife 
of Arthur A. Pond, of Minneapolis; Hannah B., de- j 
ceased; Ambrocine, wife of George FoUett, of Haverhill, 
Massachusetts; Nancy J., deceased wife of A. Randlet, j 
of Massachusetts; Elijah, now of Minneapolis; Charles , 
E., in Minneapolis; Ward B., in Minneapolis; Annie, de- 
ceased; Emma, wife of George Crosby, of Bangor. Mr. 
Hasey married for his second wife Mrs. Carliste Lead- 
better, who died in 187 i or 1872. He alterwards mar- 
ried Mrs. Julia Hodgsdon, of Kenduskeag, who is still 
living. Mr. Hasey is living on his farm, about five miles 
from Bangor on the Pushaw road. 

Isaac M. Currier, of Bangor, is a son of William and 
Nancy (Henderson) Currier. They had eight children, 
of whom Isaac is the oldest. He was born October 29, 
181 6. His father was a manufacturer of linseed oil; he 
died when Isaac was six years old, and he was brought 
up by his grandfather on a farm until he was fourteen 
years old. At that age he started out for himself, and 
learned the joiner's trade and mill work ; he worked as 
millwright for about fourteen years in Bangor and Win- 
terport. In 1845 ^^ bought a tannery at East Orrington, 
which he carried on about eight years and then sold out. 
In 1859 he built the tannery in Bangor, since which 
time he has lived here and carried on the tannery busi- 
riess. Mr. Currier married Almatia Ware, of East Or- 



rington, daughter of Captain Warren Ware. She died 
in 1866, and he married for his second wife Miss Helen 
A. Saunders, of Bangor. By his first wife he had six 
children, all of whom are deceased. Mr. Currier has 
been connected with the city government as Alderman 
and Councilman for several years ; he is well known in 
this vicinity. 

Charles E. Perry, of Bangor, is a son of John and 
Susan L. (Paul) Perry. John Perry was a native of New 
Hampshire. During the latter part of his life he followed 
the sea. He had four children, viz ; Mary E., wife of 
A. J. Qumzy, of Bangor; Charles E.; Leland H., now in 
San Francisco, California ; Orel F., of Bangor. Charles 
E. Perry, the oldest son of this family, was born October 
12, 1840, in Bangor. He has followed the meat busi- 
ness, though at present he does not slaughter, but 
buys and ships meat largely. He married Mary A. 
Wentworth, daughter of CaiJtain E. Wentworth. They 
have three children, viz : Charles E., George B., and 
Fred H. Mr. Perry was for two years a member of 
Company G, Second Maine Volunteers, and was dis- 
charged for disability in 1863. 

Alonzo Morton, of Bangor, is a son of Thomas and 
Hannah (Weslcott) Morton, 'i'homas Morton is a native 
of Gorham, Maine. He followed the sea during his 
younger days, but during his latter life he was a farmer. 
He had six children, viz: Harvey, Ann, Emily, Lucinda, 
Alonzo, and Charlotte, all of whom are deceased except 
Alonzo. Alonzo Morton was born September 27, 181 5. 
He spent his early life on a farm in Jackson, Waldo 
county, Maine, where he settled as a farmer, and lived 
on the old homestead, which he still owns, though 
at present living in Bangor. Mr. Morton came t'o Ban- 
gor in 1 866, and purchased the farm where he now lives, 
on the Fuller rord. He owns in all, here and in the old 
place in Jackson, over five hundred acres of land. Mr. 
Morton married Miss Mary Croxford, daughter of John 
Croxford, Esq., of Jackson. They have four chil-. 
dren living : Irving, living on the old place in Jackson ; 
Everett, also on the old farm; Cora W.; and Asa C, of 
Lowell, Massachusetts. Mr. Morton has been connected 
prominently with public town affairs in Jackson, serving 
many years as Selectman. In 1864 he was elected to 
the Legistature and served one term there. In 1876 
and 1877 he was a member of the city council. 

Lysander Palmer, of Bangor, is a son of Henry O. and 
Rebecca (Ridout) Palmer, of Exeter, this county. Henry 
O. Palmer is a farmer, and still lives in Exeter. Mr. and 
Mrs. Palmer had ten children, of whom Lysander is the 
third son. Their names are: Charles H., in Exeter; 
James W., now of Bucksport; Lysander, and Augustine, 
in Exeter. The daughters were: Jenett, wife of Calvin 
Buzzell, of Exeter; Amarette, wife of Charles Davis, of 
Exeter; Mary Frances, now Mrs. Silas B. Warren, of 
Buckport; Clara, married to John Brown, of Exeter. 
Lysander Palmer was born August 23, 1842. He was 
brought up on the farm in Exeter. On becoming of age 
he purchased a farm in Exeter and settled there, where 
he lived until 187 1, when he came to Bangor, and 
bought the farm where he now lives, out two and one- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



819 



half miles from the city. He married Abbie Andrews, 
daughtep of John Andrews, of E.\eter, for his first wife. 
She died in 1876, leaving one son, Fred L. Mr. Palmer 
married, for his second wife, Alice E. Partridge, daughter 
of Daniel Partridge, of Bucksport. They have one 
daughter, Nettie. 

Elijah Smith, of Bangor, is a son of James and Bar- 
bara (Braddock) Smith, of Dixmont, Maine. They have 
six children, viz: Elijah ; Ann, wife of Joseph Chadbourn, 
of Saco, Maine; Augustus, of Bangor; Sarah, in Dix- 
mont; David, deceased; and Mary. Mr. and Mrs. 
Smith are now living in Dixmont, this county. Elijah 
Smith, tlie oldest son of this family, was born October 29, 
1829, in Dixmont. He worked out when he was seven- 
teen for $55 for twelve months, with the privilege of go- 
ing to school three months in the winter, and spent $35 
of this for a cow for his mother. He worked out as a 
farm laborer for eight or ten years, working in the lumber 
woods winters. He first setded in Dixmont, where he 
lived about five years, then went to Jackson and lived 
one year. From Jackson he went to Corinth and bought 
a farm, where he lived five years. From Corinth he came 
to Bangor in 1869, and bought part of the place where 
he now lives. He has since added to this until he now 
owns two hundred acres of fine land, all within two miles 
of Fangor. Mr. Smith does the largest business at killing 
and shipping beef cattle of' any man in the county. He 
has one of the best arranged slaughter-houses in the State. 
He annually does a business in this line of about $35,000. 
He married Ann D. McCorison, daughter of Lemuel 
McCorison, of Exeter, who died March 3, 1881, leaving 
two children, one son and one daughter — Sanford C. and 
Carrie. 

Alexander H. Chase, of Bangor, is a son of Peter and 
Susanna (Royal) Chase. Peter Chase was a native of 



Newburyport, Massachusetts, and came to Bangor in 
1820. He was born in 1772, and died in 1863. Mrs. 
Chase was born in 1788, and died in 1862. Mr. Chase 
followed farming and lumbering for a business. Alexan- 
der H. Chase, their son, married Jane C. Farrar, Octo- 
ber 18, 1838. She died September 21, 1844, and Mr. 
Chase married again, in 1846, Lavina Baston. Mr. 
Chase has three sons and three daughters, viz: Susie J., 
in Bangor; Marietta, now Mrs. Leavitt, of Newburg ; 
Alexander K., of Texarkana, Arkansas ; Edward M., of 
Boston; Annie I.., now Mrs. Oilman, of Bangor; and J. 
Colby, of Bangor. Mr. Chase is engaged in farming 
and manufacturing. 

W. F. Shaw, dealer in boots, shoes, hats, caps, etc., at 
No. 20 Main street, Bangor, is a son of Thomas H. and 
Temperance Shaw, of Portland, who had four children, viz: 
Adelaide B.,now Mrs. Walter Emerson, of Bangor; William 
F.; Estelle A.; and Elizabeth F., deceased. William F. 
Shaw was born December 29, 1840, in Bangor. After 
finishing his school life he went to Boston and lived ten 
years, where he was employed as book-keeper for C. & 
M. Cox, wholesale dealers. He was with ^. Hoe & 
Company also two years before engaging with C. & M. 
Cox. He has always been engaged in the boot and shoe 
business, either here or elsewhere. He commenced 
business for himself m Bangor, in 1873. Mr. Shaw 
married Lizzie A. Wright, daughter of Elbridge G. 
Wright, of Boston. They have one child— Bertha W. 
Walter K. Shaw, son of Elisha Shaw, was born in New- 
port, Maine, August 29, 1857. He came to Bangor in 
1879, and engaged in the wholesale boot and shoe and 
leather business with Mr. D. Dudley, and his father as 
silent partner, under the firm name of Dudley, Shaw & 
Company. They have a large store on Main street, and 
are doing a successful business. Mr. Shaw is not married. 



TOWNSHIP BIOGRAPHIES. 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 

Hon. Daniel [Sargent, Brewer — Major Hiram Ruggles, Carmel — Lieu- 
tenant G. H. Ruggles, Carmel — Governor D. F. Davis, Corinth — 
Hon. John Morison, Corinth — Hon. John Thissell, Corinth — Josiah 
Crosby, Dexter — V. A. Sprague, Dexter — Hon. Charles Shaw, Dex- 
ter — Dr. George A. Haines, Dexter — Reuben Flanders, Dexter — 
Hon F. W. Hill, Exeter — Hon. William Plaisted, Lincoln — Horatio 
S. Ayer, Lincoln — Hon. Asa Smith, Mattawamkeag — E. W. Sliaw, 
Newport— Jesse R. Wadleigh, Oldtown— Moses P. Wadleigh, Old- 
town — Hon. Joseph L. Smith, Oldtown — Dr. Albion P. Folsom, 
Oldtown — Major Melville Mark Folsom, Oldtown — Eben Webster, 
Orono— President M. C. Fernaid, Orono — John R. Hammond, Pat- 
ten — Hon. John Gardner, Patten — Edward J ordon, Stetson — Nicho- 
las R.Huston, Winn — George H. Haines, Winn — General Isaac 
Hodsdon, Corinth — ^Jonathan Eddy, Bangor. 

HON. DANIEL SARGENT. 

This gentleman, for forty-three years, was a resident of 
Brewer Village, and long one of the most prominent and 
successful lumbermen in the Penobscot Valley, is of old 
Massachusetts stock, his great-great-grandfather, William 
Sargent, coiping from England in 1642, to Amesbury, 
where many of his descendents have continued to reside. 
Daniel himself was born at Amesbury, February 3, iSii, 
youngest of a family of five sons and three daughters, 
children of Ichabod B. and Ruth (Patten) Sargent, who 
occupied a farm in that town. He assisted in the work 
of the farm in his boyhood and young manhood, attend- 
ing the common schools about three months in a year 
until he was sixteen years old, when he was a pupil at the 
Amesbury Academy for two short terms. At eighteen 
years of age he began to teach school in his native town, 
and for five successive winters wielded the birch. He 
remained with his father and labored diligently the re- 
mainder of the time until his father's death, and then 
till 1838, when he emigrated to Maine. Meanwhile, how- 
ever, he had filled some positions of public trust, as a 
member of the Board of Superintending School Commit- 
tee of Amesbury, and as Treasurer and Collector of the 
town. He was there married, February 19, 1835, ^'^ 
Susan Hopkins Patten, daughter of Robert and Rhoda 
(Sargent) Patten. Mrs. Sargent is still living, in good 
health of mind and body for her years. They have had 
four children — one daughter and three sons, viz : Susan 
Patten Sargent, born at Amesbury, January 12, 1836, and 
still residing with her parents; Harlan Page Sargent, 
also born at Amesbury, June 22, 1838; Daniel Allston 
Sargent, born in Brewer November 9, 1843; and Albert 
Paine Sargent, also born in Brewer, July 12, 1850. All 
the children are now living. 

The father of Mr. Sargent died in 1836. Daniel car- 
ried on the farm for two years, when, in November, 1838, 

8so 



he removed to Brewer Village, where he has since con- 
tinuously resided. He here opened a general grocery 
store at once, although he had intended to recommence 
farming, and soon, with others, engaged in vessel build- 
ing. He remained in the business until 1846 alone, and 
then accepted George O. Goodwin as a partner, under 
the firm name and style of Sargent & Goodwin. This 
copartnership existed until 1854. Meanwhile, in 1848, 
Mr. Sargent had bought an interest in the saw-mill of Mr. 
Charles G. Sterns, and a new firm was formed called 
Sargent, Sterns & Co., for the grocery and milling busi- 
ness. In 1853 the partners purchased the " Bruce Mills" 
at the Cove, thus increasing their operations very largely. 
The ne.xt year Mr. Goodwin's interests were bought out 
by his partners, and Messrs. Sargent & Sterns remained 
together in the manufacture of lumber and in storekeep- 
ing for fifteen years. In 1862 they purchased the steam 
saw-mill in Hampden, now owned and managed exclu- 
sively by Mr. Sterns. Two years thereafter the firm of 
Sargent & Sterns was dissolved, and a division of the mill 
property made, Mr. Sargent taking the mills and premises 
at Brewer, and Mr. Sterns the Hampden property, which 
he still owns. During many years of their partnership 
they added to their business ship-building, in company 
with Master Simon Moulton, Captain Daniel Shedd, 
George V. Goodwin, and others. 

After the dissolution of Sargent & Sterns, Mr. Sargent 
continued in the business alone for several years. In 
1S67 he bought the saw-mill and water-privilege at East 
Orrington, and in 1S71 added the steam saw-mill on the 
river at Orrington. He now manufactured about nine 
million feet of lumber a year. The latter mill and the 
extended adjacent shore property were sold in 1880 to 
the Arctic Ice Company of Bangor. Upon the same 
stream as supplies the East Orrington mill (the Segeunke- 
dunk), at the Cove in Brewer Village, Mr. Sargent's mill 
is situated near the identical spot where Colonel John 
Brewer, one of the original settlers and for whom the 
town was named, in 17S3 built the first saw-mill in what is 
now Penobscot county. The property consists of a dam 
at the outlet of the Brewer's Pond in Orrington about 
four miles distant, which dam is 850 feet long, and in- 
cluding one hundred acres of the adjoining land; this 
dam is one hundred and five feet above high-water mark 
in the Penobscot River; also the dam at the foot of the 
meadow at East Orrington, with the perpetual right of 
flowage of 850 acres of meadow; the saw-mill at East Or- 
rington, with a fall of sixteen feet; the privilege in Brewer, 
on the old Stern dam, upon which a grist-mill was erected 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



821 



in 1875, with a fall of fourteen feet; and the two saw-mills 
at the Cove, where there is a further fall of seventeen feet. 
Some interesting details are furnished by Mr. Walker 
Wells in his Report on the Water Power of Maine, in 
which he notes of the powers on the Segeunkedunk: 
"Freshets harmless; stream very constant; in full work- 
ing condition even when the mills on the Penobscot are 
stopped for want of water." 

In 1872 Deacon Sargent admitted to the business, as 
partners, his two sons, Harlan and Daniel, who had for a 
number of years been assisting in its management. The 
new firm name was D. Sargent & Sons. At the begin- 
ning of 1 88 1 the father retired from the firm and from 
his more active business life, and the other two members 
now carry on the business under the name of D. Sar- 
gent's Sons. In 1876 the late firm became pioneers in 
the now somewhat extensive business of putting up and 
shipping ice on the Penobscot. They erected temporary 
ice-houses, and that year housed about six thousand tons. 
In 1879-80 they erected other buildings with a total ca- 
pacity of sixteen thousand tons. The firm of D. Sar- 
gent's Sons still carry on the ice and lumber business 
with profit and success. 

It is an interesting fact that Deacon Sargent, although 
now quite advanced in years and otherwise retired from 
business, still continues the grocery business, and retains 
his interest in the old store, his youngest son, Albert P., 
being associated with him and attending to the details of 
the concern. 

Mr. Sargent was one of the original members of the 
Congregational church formed at Brewer Village in 1843; 
was chosen a Deacon of the church the same year, and 
has remained continuously in that office, having long 
been Senior Deacon. He has always contributed liber- 
ally for the support of the Gospel, and donated the lot 
on which the parsonage is built. When the churcli edi- 
fice and parsonage were erected he was Chairman of the 
Building Committee in each instance. In 1847 he 
bought what was then known as the "Judge Perham 
place," from which the old mansion was removed, and 
put up in its stead the spacious and elegant home in 
which he has since resided, occupying one of the most 
commanding and beautiful sites on the Penobscot, from 
which the city of Bangor and a reach of the noble river 
for three miles are plainly in view. 

Deacon Sargent was originally a Whig, but has been a 
Republican since the organization of that party. He has 
not aimed, however, to be a political manager, much less 
an office-seeker, but in 1873 served the people of the 
Brewer and Orrington district acceptably as Representa- 
tive in the State Legislature. He has also repeatedly 
served on the Board of Selectmen and the Superintend- 
ing School Committee of the town. 



MAJOR HIRAM RUGGLES. 

This venerable gentleman, now a retired farmer and 
lumberman in comfortable circumstances at Carmel vil- 
lage, is of an old Massachusetts family, his parents and 



their ancestors residing the last century in Hardwick, 
Worcester county, in that State. The Rev. Paul Rug- 
gles, his father, a Baptist minister, was born there in 
1772, and at the age of twenty-four, in 1796, was mar- 
ried to Miss Mercy Dexter, of the same place. They 
came to Maine two years afterwards, an oxsled bearing 
to the wilderness their little stock of furniture. They 
had then but one child, their first born, John D. Rug- 
gles. They came to Hampden, in this county, but 
shortly pushed up into Hermon, where they staid some 
time with a family named Garland. About the ist of 
May, 1798, finding no road yet cut into the tract now 
called Carmel, Mr. Ruggles made a "dugout," and 
with his wife and their effects paddled up the Sowadabs- 
cook to a point near the mouth of the beautiful stream 
still called from him Ruggles's Brook. They were the 
first white settlers in the town. Here in the wilderness 
they built their rude cabin, and here the rest of their 
family was born, in the locality now known fr.r and wide 
as the Ruggles place. They had in all ten children 
who grew to maturity — six sons and four daughters, and 
a son who died in childhood. The father was the first 
preacher of the Baptist faith in this region. In 1S06 he 
organized from the people of Carmel and vicinity a 
church of that order, and was very active in preaching 
in it and elsewhere throughout a wide tract of Eastern 
Maine. He was the first Baptist minister to deliver a 
sermon in Bangor, and in about nine years he preached 
no less than 1,200 discourses, and was also mainly in- 
strumental in gathering the Newport, Stetson, Exeter, 
Hermon, (now Second Hampden), and Charleston 
Baptist churches. He died in the prime of his years, at 
home, May 21, 1820, leaving a blessed memory. 

'I'he mother was a faithful and true hilpmate of her 
husband, and remained in widowhood for more than 
fifty years, dying at last June 8, 1870, in the house of 
her son. Major Ruggles, at the great age of ninety-three. 

Hiram was born in Carmel October 14, 1813, the 
sixth son and ninth child of Paul and Mercy (Dexter) 
Ruggles. His early education was received altogether 
in the schools of his native town, where his formal train- 
ing began and ended in the plam, simple, " college of the 
people." He has always had an ambition for learning, 
however, and by diligent reading and study has so im- 
proved his later opportunities as to become a well-in- 
formed and thoroughly intelligent man. At an early age 
the family came to depend in some measure upon him, 
and he was called to much hard labor upon the farm in 
his boyhood and youth. He remained steadily at home 
with his widowed mother, being the main business manager 
of the household after he was seventeen, and making no 
change in his relations with it when he became of age. He 
never lost the hope of further education in the schools until 
he was about twenty-five years old, when he married and 
finally settled down upon the old place as its proprietor, 
his mother residing with him then and to the day of her 
death. He remained a farmer here, except as he was 
summoned from time to time into more public life, until 
1853, when he decided to remove to the village. He 
disposed of his farm, and engaged as a lumber operator, 



822 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



cutting and manufacturing, witli a general stoie at the 
village in connection with his business. He became 
quite largely employed thus, finally coming to own an in- 
terest, entire or partial, in almost every mill in the town. 
He pursued his various operations very successfully, 
winning by industry and integrity a moderate fortune, 
upon which he at length retired in 1877. 

The abilities and popularity of Mr. Ruggles early 
prompted his fellow-citizens to call upon him for public 
service. He was not much more than of age when he 
became an official participant in the affairs of his native 
town. He was Chairman of the Carmel Board of Select- 
men when but twenty-three years of age, and has ever 
since been more or less occupied with the management 
of the town's business. In 1839, when he was but twenty- 
six years old, he was appointed by Governor Fairfield a 
Justice of the Peace and of the Quorum, for a term of 
seven years; and in i860 he was made a Trial Justice. 
For three years, 1850-53, inclusive, he served as one of 
the County Commissioners of Penobscot county. In 
1846 he was elected a member of the State Legislature 
as a Representative from Carmel and Hampden; and 
seven years thereafter, in 1853, he was chosen State 
Senator from the Ninth District, which returned him in 
1854 to the same body. In 1863 he was elected by the 
Legislature a member of the Executive Council, and en- 
joyed the unprecedented and since not repeated honor 
of four successive re-elections to that distinguished post. 
He thus served one year with Governor Coburn, three 
years with Governor Cony, and his last year w-ith Gov- 
ernor Chamberlain. During this service, October 10, 
1865, he received the unsolicited appointment as Post- 
master at Carmel village, and served the people thus for 
two or three years. In 1867 he was appointed a mem- 
ber of the very important commission on the Assumption 
by the State of the Municipal War Debts, Upon the or- 
ganization, in 1S62, of the Fourth Internal Revenue Dis- 
trict, which included Penobscot county, he was appointed 
Deputy Assessor of the District. He resigned this upon 
election to the Executive Council, but in 1869, April 7th, 
he was recalled to more responsible duties in the same, 
ofifice by appointment as Assessor. March 25, 1873, he 
was promoted to the Collectorship, and upon the con- 
solidation of his District with another he was made Col- 
lector of the new one, with his office in each instance in 
the Government Building at Bangor. Upon a further 
consolidation of districts he was legislated out of office, 
and upon his retirement received the following handsome 
compliment from the Bangor Whig and Courier of July 
3. 1877: 

It is safe to say that the Go\'ernment of the United States retains in 
its service no olBcer who stands higher in personal character, integrity, 
and public respect than the gentleman whose official relations were ter- 
minated on Saturday last. 

This closed Major Ruggles's official life of nearly forty 
years. Besides the positions named, he had often been 
nominated by his fellows-partisans to similar or other pub- 
lic places. He was a Democrat down to the Adminis- 
tration of President Pierce ; but was among the earliest 
in Maine to break with his party on the slavery question, 
and he aided to organize the Republican party in the 



State, with which he has since steadily and consistently 
acted. His return to the Senate in 1854 was upon an 
independent ticket, as a pronounced anti-slavery man; 
and he there carried out his principles in casting the one 
decisive vote which finally made the Hon. W. P. Fessen- 
den United States Senator. 

It may here be mentioned that Major Ruggles's mil- 
itary title is due to his faithful service with the old-time 
militia, in which he was made Ensign in 1837, subse- 
quently Adjutant, a Captain in 1841, and finally Major 
the next year. 

Major Ruggles has been a member of the Methodist 
Episcopal church since 1838, has been in its official 
boards almost the whole time, and when the system of 
lay representation was introduced, he was made a dele- 
gate to the Baltimore Quadrennial Conference in 1876. 
He has taken a very cordial interest in denominational 
education, and is a Trustee of and the Treasurer of the 
East Maine Conference Seminary at Bucksport, to which 
he has been a liberal benefactor. He also gave a large 
sum in one amount to the Wesleyan University at Mid- 
dletown, Connecticut, and has otherwise, and in many 
ways, been generous in his benevolence. He is also a 
Free and Accepted Mason, a member of the Lodge at 
Carmel and of the Chapter in Bangor. 

Major Ruggles was united in marriage on the 12th day 
of December, 1838, in his twenty-sixth year, to Miss 
Lydia H., third daughter of Eben C. and Delia (Hoxie) 
Hinckley, of old Maine and Massachusetts families, the 
father being lineally descended from Governor Hinckley, 
of colonial fame. They have had two children — Gar- 
diner H., the subject of a sketch below; and Annie E., 
deceased, aged twenty-seven years, wife of Edward S. 
Rich, of an importing firm in Boston. Major and Mrs. 
Ruggles have no children surviving. 



LIEUTENANT G. H. RUGGLES. 

This noble young man, one of the most valuable and 
heroic sacrifices made by the Penobscot Valley, or indeed 
the whole State of Maine, in the cause of the Union, was 
born at the old homestead in Carmel, December 5, 1840. 
He attended the common schools of the town and 
labored on the farm until about eighteen years of age, 
when he went to Waterville to enter a preparatory school 
in that city, with a view to a collegiate course. He was 
never very strong, however, and did not physically bear 
well the confinement and burdens of study, and so deter- 
mined not to undertake the more arduous scholastic 
career. After a period of rest he became a student at 
the seminary at Bucksport and remained there several 
terms. He taught school for tvvo terms in Bucksport 
and Orland, respectively; tut had not undertaken the 
special studies of any profession as yet when the country 
called her sons to arms. He was not twenty-two years 
old and not a very stalwart man in health and strength 
when he enlisted in Company F., of the Eighteenth 
Maine Regiment, afterwards the First Maine Heavy 
Artillery. The position and personal influence of his 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



823 



father would easily have secured him a commission from 
the beginning ; but he declared his fixed purpose to com- 
mence in the ranks. He was soon made a Sergeant, 
however; on the 28th of February, 1863, promoted to be 
First or Orderly Sergeant; and on the i8th day of Janu- 
ary, 1864, he received from Governor Cony a commis- 
sion as Second Lieutenant of his Company. In this 
capacity he was with it in the terrible charge of the Fed- 
eral troops upon the Confederate breast-works in front of 
Petersburg, June 18, 1864, a short, sharp, and awfully 
fatal action, which left but thirteen men of the company 
fit for duty. Lieutenant Ruggles had already, in the 
heavy battle at Spottsylvania, been slightly wounded in 
the neck, but was not long delayed from the frequent 
skirmishes and greater actions in which the army was 
engaged in that bloody campaign. He was often under 
fire but escaped without serious harm until this day of 
doom. Then, says the report of General John L. Hods- 
don, Adjutant-General of the State in which his memory 
is commemorated, " while nobly cheering his men in the 
charge upon the fortifications at Petersburg, he fell dead 
at the head of his company, pierced by an enemy's bul- 
let." The command with which he charged was re- 
pulsed, and the dead and seriously wounded by necessity 
were left behind. The enemy refused to recognize flags 
of truce for their recovery, and it was impossible to 
bring in his remains. His body lies where many of the 
bravest and best of fallen soldiers have desired to lie — 
where he fell, at the post of duty. His death caused a 
most profound sensation of grief at his old home and 
wherever he had become known. Mr. John H. Lynde, 
then editor of the Bangor Whig and Courier, who knew 
him intimately and had formed a very high esteem for 
him, inserted this feeling and appreciative notice in his 
paper : 

Young Ruggles enlisted as a private in Company F, from the purest 
motives of patriotism, and received promotion entirely without solicita- 
tion. An only son, surrounded by all the comforts of life— with influ- 
ential friends to secure advancement — seemed to be strong reasons why 
he should remain quietly at home. But he felt that duty called him to 
the field — that the country needed his services — and was willing, if 
necessary, to lay down his life to perpetuate the free institutions for 
which our forefathers fought and bled. He was a soldier and a gentle- 
man in its broadest sense. He was about twenty-four years of age. 
His loss will be deeply felt in the home circle and in tlie communily 
where he formerly lived. 

The Adjutant-General of the State commemorated 
his deeds and his memory more permanently in his re- 
port, in a notice of some length, from which we extract 
the following : 

During all the weary months that his regiment was stationed in the 
fortifications around Washington, his activity for the welfare of his 
men knew no abatement, and when the order was issued for the com- 
mand to advance to the front, he with his comrades most gladly re- 
sponded, that they might thus enter upon active service. 

Lieutenant Ruggles was a good scholar, a true gentleman, and a 
brave soldier. Gallant, cool, and reliable, he enjoyed the confidence 
of his superior officers and the love of his men. .Although buried in 
an unknown grave, his deeds and character are embalmed in the iiieni- 
ories of mourning relatives and a grateful people. 

The young lieutenant had given unusual promise. Al- 
though of a quiet and retiring disposition, he possessed 
an acute mind and a rare facility of expression, which 
occasionally surpiised even his friends with the wit and 



wisdom of his sayings. Like his father, he had a marked 
native aptitude for affairs, was exceedingly w^ell in- 
formed in history and public questions, and would, un- 
doubtedly, had he lived, have done eminent service in 
civil life to his State and country. From boyhood he 
had kept a diary, which is unusually interesting for its 
record of current events and of opinion. He was thor- 
oughly companionable and genial, and of eminent purity 
of speech and character, so that his friends had no fear 
of the evil influences upon him of the customary demor- 
alizations of the camp. He died as he had lived, a 
typical young .\nierican citizen, enduring all hardships, 
and encountering all dangers for the sake of his country 
and of humanity. 

How sleep the brave, who sink to rest. 
By all their country's wishes blest ! 
When spring, with dewy fingers cold. 
Returns to deck the hallowed mould. 
She there shall dress a sweeter sod 
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. 
By fairy hands their knell is rung; 
By forms unseen their dirge is sung; 
There Honor conies, a pilgrim gray. 
To bless the turf that's o'er their clay; 
And Freedom shall awhile repair, 
To dwell a weeping hermit there. 



GOVERNOR I). F. D.WIS. 

The Hon. Daniel Franklin Davis, late Governor of 
the State of Maine, is a native of the Commonwealth 
which has so honored him. He was born at Freedom, 
Waldo county, Maine, on the 12th day of September, 
1843, the second child and oldest son of the Rev. Moses 
Franklin and Mary (French) Davis. Mr. Davis was 
a minister of the Christian Church, and had charge of 
several small societies of that faith and order at and 
near Freedom. He had been a preacher from the age of 
nineteen, and remained such to the day of his death in 
March, 1874. He was one of the pioneers and leadeis 
in the Christian Church in Eastern Maine. He was of 
English descent, the progenitor in America, Colonel 
James Davis, immigrating to New Hampshire some time 
in the seventeenth century. His descendants settled 
largely in that State and in Massachusetts. The mother 
was related to the Brewsters and the Frenches of the old 
Colony of ISLissachusetts Bay. She is still living with her 
relatives in Corinth. 

Young Davis was trained in the common schools, 
mainly in Stetson, to which town his father removed in 
1854; but more effectively at the school of the fireside, 
where his father, who had been a teacher, assisted by the 
mother, gave him invaluable instruction. He kept up 
his studies also while at the work of the farm, in which 
he had to engage much at home and elsewhere, as the 
family were in liinited circumstances. He effected an 
entrance into the Academy at East Corinth in 1863, but 
had been there but a few weeks when he left school to join 
a company of troops for the war then bemg raised at his old 
home. He enlisted as a private soldier October 15, 1863, 
and served until January, 1865, at the close of the war. He 



824 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



I 



had kept up his studies to some extent in camp, and now- 
entered the Academy at Corinth, where he was a pupil 
for about a year, interrupting his course only to teach a 
school himself in the winter. He then attended at the 
Kent's Hill Seminary for about a year and a half, teach- 
ing again of winters. He had also during this time 
some very competent private instruction under Professor 
Sawyer, of the Corinna Academy. 

In the winter of 1867-68 Mr. Davis began to read 
law with the Hon. Lewis Barber, then a resident of Stet- 
son, and was admitted to the Bar of the State the next 
year. He commenced practice in East Corinth on the 
29th of August, 1869. After holding some local offices 
and taking the stump from time to time for the Republi- 
can party, he was elected to the lower House of the 
State Legislature in 1874, and took an active part in leg- 
islation and the discussion of pending questions. Four 
years thereafter he represented Penobscot county in the 
State Senate, where he took a leading position. The 
same year (1878) he was more actively in the Republican 
canvass than ever before, speaking in several counties of 
Eastern Maine. In 1879 he was nominated as a candi- 
date for Governor on the Reoublican ticket. He re- 
ceived a majority of 46,000 votes over the Democratic 
candidate and 21,000 votes over the Greenback nominee, 
and was elected Governor by the Legislature. In that 
campaign he addressed more than one hundred audiences, 
in his own State and others, being called to much polit- 
ical service of the kind in Ohio and Massachusetts. He 
was re-nominated in 1880, and was constantly in the field 
from the Fourth of July until the day of election. The 
Greenback and Democratic parties having fused, the elec- 
tion was very close; and in the number of votes cast he 
was only about 130 votes behind his competitor, the 
present incumbent, General Plaisted, of Bangor. He 
has since devoted himself to his profession. In January, 
1881, he opened an office in Bangor, in [)artnership with 
Charles A. Bailey, Esq., of Oldtown, which is still main- 
tained. 

Governor Davis was married in East Corinth, New 
Year's Day, 1867, to Miss Laura B., only daughter of 
William and Mary (Ireland) Goodwin, of that place. Her 
mother was also the child of a minister of the Christian 
denomination. They have had eight children, five of 
whom are still living. Two others died in infancy, one 
unnamed, the other named Bertha ; and still another. 
Winter S. Davis, died in April, 1S76, aged about two 
years. The surviving children are William Franklin, now 
thirteen years old ; Frederick Hall, a lad of ten years ; 
Margaret Ellen, aged five; Edmund Ireland, three years 
old ; and Willis Roswell, who is still an infant. All the 
children were born in East Corinth. 



HON. JOHN MORISON. 

Robert Morison was born in Portand, Maine, April 6, 
1778, where he resided until twenty-two years of age. 
In the year 1800 he moved to Livermore, Oxford coun- 
ty, and settled on a farm. He remained in Livermore 



until 18 1 5, when he moved to Reedfield, where he pur- 
chased a farm and remained in Reedfield until 1821, 
when he sold out his farm, and in March, 1822, he 
moved to Sebec, and in company with his brother Wil- 
liam purchased a mill-site and erected a saw- and grist- 
mill and engaged in the mill business until his death, 
which occurred in 1838. 

Mr. Morison married Sallie Kent, a native of Reed- 
field, in the year 1801. His wife died October 7, 1875, 
at Sebec. He was the father of eight children, four 
boys and four girls: Sibyl, who married Daniel Pack- 
ard, and lives in Dover. Ruth, married Warren Kent, 
and lives in Sebec. Robert was twice married ; his first 
wife was Asenath Gillman ; she died, and he afterwards 
married Abigail Dow, and resides in Sebec engaged in 
farming. Alvin, married Sallie Pittman, and died in 
Sebec. Alice, married Benjamin P. Gillman, and 
resides in Orono. Charles was twice married ; his first 
wife was Mary A. Lowney ; she died, and he afterwards 
married Emily Herrick ; he died in Corinth in 1855. 
Sarah, who married John Hellier, died in Bangor. 

Hon. John Morison, the subject of this sketch, was 
born September 14, 1817, in the town of Livermore, 
Oxford county. In 1821 he moved to Sebec with his 
father, where he received a liberal education. He re- 
mained with his father until twenty-one years of age, 
and was taught the mill business in all its branches. 
When eighteen years of age he was chosen second lieu- 
tenant of a company of militia at Sebec; he was after- 
wards promoted to first lieutenant, and afterwards to the 
rank of captain. At the age of twenty-one years he 
started out in business for himself, with no capital but 
his brain and muscle. He found his fathers estate em- 
barrassed, and an aged mother and one sister to support. 
He went to work by the day, month, and year, as the 
opprotunity offered itself; saved his money, and cleared 
the old homestead of its indebtedness, and left it as a 
home for his mother, where she lived until her death, 
which occurred in 1875. In 1847 he went to Orono, 
where he purchased the Island Mills property. The 
same year, in company with other parties, he purchased 
the township of land on the Passadumkeag River now 
known as the Morison and Gillman town. It contains 
thirty-two thousand acres of heavy timber. He remained 
in Orono until 1856, when he sold his mill property to 
James Hamilton, came to Corinth, purchased the beauti- 
ful farm — a view of which is on the opposite page, and 
in i8i;8 he moved on the premises, where he now lives, 
surrounded by all the comforts that heart could wish, 
and enjoying the blessings of a well-spent life. He is 
now engaged extensively in the lumbering business, and 
has in his employ from one hundred to one hundred 
and fifty men every year. He has been one of the con- 
tractors on the West Branch for four years. In 1861 he 
was elected by the towns of Corinth, Kenduskeag, Hud- 
son, and Alton to represent them in the State Legisla- 
ture, and in 1873 and 1874 he was elected State Senator. 
While a member of the House he was a member of the 
Committee of Interior Waters and Committee on Manu- 
factures. While in the Senate he was Chairman of the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



825 



above committee, also member of Committee on Indian 
Affairs and Fisheries. He also has held the office of 
Selectman of Corinth for four years. In politics he was 
origirially an old line Whig, and became a member of 
the Republican party, of which he is now an active 
member. He was one of the Trustees of the West 
Penobscot Agricultural Society four years; and in 1873, 
when the Central Penobscot Agricultural Society was 
chartered, he was chosen its President. He served as 
Trustee of the State Agricultural Society three years, and 
is now one of the Directors of Penobscot Lumber Asso- 
ciation, and is also one of the Directors of the West 
Branch Log-Driving Company; he has also been Presi- 
dent and Director of the Passadumkeag Boom Associa- 
tion. 

He was twice married. His first wife was Emily Low- 
ney, a native of Sebec. She died in Orono in 1848. 
He afterwards married Eliza J. Ford, a native of Sebec, 
and is the father of six children : William Harrison, 
died in Corinth at the age of twelve years ; John Am- 
brose, died in Corinth when thirteen years of age ; Hor- 
ace Bray, lives at home ; Fannie Britton, died when two 
years and six months old ; Frank Pearl, and Abner 
Ford live at home. 



HON. JOHN THISSELL. 

Richard Thissell was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, 
where he lived several years. He was a seafaring man, 
and followed the sea many years. He abandoned the 
sea, moved to New Salem, Massachusetts, gave up his 
seafaring life, and turned his attention to farming, where 
he remained a few years, when he sold out, purchased a 
farm in Newbury, New Hampshire, then almost a wilder- 
ness, where he cleared up a farm and remained in that vi- 
cinity the balance of his life. He was twice married. 
His first wife was a Miss Lovett. She died in New 
Hampshire. He afterwards married Sarah Withington. 
They had eleven children. Richard married Mary 
Chase. He died in New Hampshire. Hezekiah L. mar- 
ried a lady from Connecticut and died in New York. He 
was a soldier in the War of 18 12, and afterwards com- 
manded a company in the Me.\ican war, after which 
he was appointed agent of the United States in Flor- 
ida for the protection of the property of the Government. 
Hannah, deceased; Apphia, deceased; Sarah, deceased; 
Rachael, deceased; William, deceased; Josiah, lives in 
Minnesota; John, living; Rachael, 2d, deceased; Thorn- 
dyke, deceased. 

Hon. John Thissell, the subject of this sketch, was 
born in Fishersfield, now called Newbury, New Hamp- 
shire, December 31, 1804. He lived in New Hamjishire 
until he was twenty-one years of age, where he leceived 
a common school education. His business has always 
been farming, and he is one of the most successful farm- 
ers in the State of Maine. In 1S31 he came to Corinth 
and settled on the East Ridge, on the farm now occupied 
by Stephen H. Worth. He cleared u[) the farm and 
erected the buildings now occupied by Worth. In 1869 
104 



he purchased the farm on which he now lives, and moved 
on to it the same year. 

In politics he was originally a member of the Demo- 
cratic party, but became a Republican at the organization 
of the party. He is a man highly respected by all, and 
has been repeatedly chosen by his party to fill many hon- 
orable offices, having held the office of Selectman of 
Corinth for nearly twenty years, and was chairman of the 
Board nearly all the time he held the office. In 1848 
he was elected by his class, consisting of Corinth, 
Charleston, and Bradford, to represent them in the State 
Legislature. While a member of the Legislature he 
served on several important committees. In 1859 and 
i860 he was elected State Senator from his county. 
While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee 
on State Lands and State Roads, State Prison, and was 
also member of several other important conmiittees. He 
was also a member of the State Board of Agriculture for 
three years. He is an active Christian, having professed 
religion in 1841. He became a member of the Free-will 
Baptist Church, and since that time has contributed lib- 
erally to the support of the gospel. He was twice mar- 
ried. In 1 83 1 he married his first wife, Allaseba B. 
Ramsdell, a native of Lunenburg, Massachusetts. She 
died in Corinth, and was the mother of two children. He 
afterwards married Mrs. Abby True, a native of Mont- 
ville, Maine, his present wife. 

He is the father of two children — Charles T., who 
married Mariett French and lives in Corinth, engaged in 
farming; Heniy W., died m Corinth at the age of twenty- 
seven years. 

When Mr. Thissell started in life his sole capital was 
what Providence had given him — a strong constitution 
and an active brain. He started in lite in the midst of a 
vast wilderness, but by industry and economy has suc- 
ceeded in securing for himsulf and family a large fortune. 
He always took an active part in educational matters. 
During the term of his office as State Senator he secured 
a grant of one-half township of land for the support of the 
Corinth Academy. 



JOSIAH CROSBY 

was born November 24, 1816, in Dover, New Hamp- 
shire, and is the son of Oliver Crosby and Hariot 
Chase, his wife. The family removed to Atkinson, 
Maine, in 1820. Josiah was fitted for college at Foxcroft 
Academy; entered Bowdoin College in February, 1832, 
at the second term of the freshman class; was graduated 
with the class in 1835, ^"d took the degree of A. M. at 
Bowdoin in 1838. He remained at home some months in 
ill-health and then studied law one year with Hon. Alfred 
Johnson, at Belfast, six months with Hon. Frederick 
Hobbs, at Bangor, six months with Hon. Charles P. 
Chandler, at Dover, and was admitted to the Bar in Pis- 
cata(|uis county in September, 1838. He practiced law 
with Mr. Chandler, m copartnership six months, then 
moved to Levant (now Kenduskeag); tarried there a year 
and a half, and then removed to Exeter, from which place 



826 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



he removed to Dexter in January, 1845, where he has 
remained to the present time, practicing in the courts of 
Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Somerset counties, and in 
the United States courts for Maine. 

He was married February 15, 1844, to Henrietta Hill, 
daughter of Henry Hill, Esq., of E.\eter. By her he 
had two children who died in earliest infancy. His wife 
died December 28, 1846. For his second wife he mar- 
ried Mary Bradbury Foss, daughter of Simon Foss, of 
Dexter, February 27, 1849, born March 22, 1834, by 
whom he has nine children, eight of whom are now living, 
as follows: Henrietta Hill, born February 18, 1850; May 
May I, 1852; Oliver, January 29, 1856; Simon Percy, 
September 24, 1858; Josiah Willis, May 29, 1862; Annie 
Cornelia, February 9, 1866; Philip Sidney, February 4, 
1869, died July 25, 1870; Charles James Fox, December 
12, 1871; Clara Ingersoll, March 23, 1878. 

Henrietta Hill, educated in part at Antioch College, 
was married in 187 1 to Humphrey M. Blaisdell, a sur- 
veyor in Fairmount, Martin county, Minnesota, where 
they now reside. Oliver, a graduate of the State College 
at Orono in 1876, married Lizzie Wood, of Dexter, in 
1878. He is a machinist, and they now reside in St. 
Paul, Minnesota. The other children are unmarried. 
May is in the Treasury Department at Washington, D. C. 
Simon Percy is in his senior year at the State College. 
Josiah Willis entered the freshman class at Bowdoin in 
1868, and the others are at home. 

In politics Mr. Crosby was always a Whig until the 
Republican party came into existence, which, in a small 
way, he aided in forming, and remained an earnest mem- 
ber of the party to the present time. In 1857, 1863, and 
1865 he was a member of the House of Representatives 
of Maine from the class composed of Dexter and Corinna. 
In 1867-68 he was a member of the Senate from Pe- 
nobscot county, serving on the Judiciary Committee dur- 
ing the years of his membership of either House, except 
in 1868, when he was President of the Senate. He al- 
ways took an active part in legislation and occasionally 
wrote out his speeches, which were published — one in 
1857 in opposition to the bill to create an additional 
Judge of the Supreme Judicial. Court (the purpose of 
the bill being to restore Judge Davis). In 1863, aided 
materially by Hon. Daniel Elliot, of Brunswick, then in 
the Senate, he introduced and carried through a bill to 
reduce the salary of the Land Agent, after an arduous 
struggle. The report of committee, drawn by him, and 
signed by Mr. Elliot and himself, was published. In 
1865 he made a speech in opposition to report of Com- 
mittee on Elections ejecting Mr. Jordan, of Berwick, 
from his seat, which was published in the Kennebec 
Journal and copied into the Maine Democrat. In 1867 
he made a speech on a resolve to amend the State Con- 
stitution so as to grant State aid to railroads, which was 
published in the Kennebec Journal, copied into the Bel- 
fast Progressive Age, and subsequently, by request, pub- 
lished in pamplet form. In 1856 he made a speech, 
published in the Kennebec Journal, favoring the re- 
sumption of Town debts to the extent of $200 per man 
instead of $100 as proposed by the bill. 



In 1870, when not a member, he made a speech before 
the Committee on Railroads, in presence of most mem- 
bers of the Legiskiture, in opposition to consolidation of 
railroads, which by request was written out and pub- 
lished in the Kennebec Journal. This speech attracted 
as much attention from the public as any ever made by 
Mr. Crosby, and in the minds of some it had the credit 
of defeating the bill. In 1861 he pronounced an eulogy 
at the ceremony of erecting a monument to Lieutenant 
Lyman S. Richardson, of Garland, killed at the first 
Bull Run battle, published in the Bangor Whig and 
Courier. In 1874, at the request of the members of the 
Penobscot Bar he pronounced an eulogy before the Su- 
preme Court on the character of the late Daniel Barker, 
published in the Whig and Courier and Dexter Gazette, 
and a portion of it included in a biographical sketch in- 
troductory to a volume of his poems subsequently pub- 
lished. In 1878 he made a short address at the funeral 
of Benjamin F. Horton, in Dexter, published in the 
Dexter Gazette and a portion cf it copied into a Boston 
newspaper. 

In law he has had a varied practice, in civil, equity 
and criminal cases, before the jury and before the full 
court, in the State courts and in the United States courts 
for Maine. He has defended two capital cases for arson 
successfully. In 1S73, associated with Hon. Josiah H. 
Drummond, he defended Henry Hudson, a lawyer of 
Guilford, and Charles Foss, then Sheriff of Piscataquis 
county, in the United States District Court, on a charge 
of resisting a United States Deputy Marshal, a sort of 
"treason." Foss was acquitted. Hudson was convicted, 
unjustly in the opinion of Mr. Crosby. He has de- 
fended successfully two cases of indictments charging an 
assault, one with a pitchfork, one with a loaded pistol 
with intent to kill. In January, 1878, Arthur Annette, 
of Dexter, was arrested and examined before Judge 
Goodenow, of the Police Court, Bangor, on a charge of 
robbing the safe of the Eastern Express Company in 
Dexter of $4,000. Judge Goodenow came to Dexter to 
hear the case. Mr. Crosby defended him before the 
Judge, and wrote out his argument, which was published 
in the Dexter Gazette February 8, 1878. Annette was 
subsequently indicted for the robbery but was discharged 
without a trial, the public almost unanimously believing 
him innocent. Mr. Crosby has been counsel for the 
Dexter & Newport Railroad Company from its organiza- 
tion in 1867 to the present time. He took great interest 
in forwarding the enterprise, making a great many 
speeches to the farmers, endeavoring to make them be- 
lieve that the stock would jsay them annually a dividend 
of six per cent., which has proved to be correct. 

On Memorial Day, May 30, 1878, he delivered an ad- 
dress before the members of H. V. Safford Post, G. A. 
R., in Dexter, published in the Dexter Gazette May 31. 

He has occasionally written other articles or short 
essays on topics of temporary interest, and published the 
same in the newspapers over his own signature, of which 
he has retained no copies — particularly on favoring the 
policy of President Grant for the annexation of San 
Domingo, and earnestly advocating it. 



!• 




I 




i^ere/uec::^ 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



827 



i\lr. Crosby became a member ol the Maine Historical 
Society in 1868. He has ever been a Unitarian in relig- 
ion, of temperate habits and very industrious, but not so 
industrious as to endanger his life, as too many men, es- 
pecially Yankees, do. In pecuniary affairs with some 
up and downs, he has upon the whole been moderately 
prosperous ; has enjoyed the comforts of life to a rea- 
sonable e.xtent, some but not many of its luxuries, but 
visited "The Centennial " with his wife, and thence visited 
his daughter in Minnesota. He desires much to visit 
Europe. Mr. Crosby is a director in the First National 
Bank of De.xter. He settled in the country in prefer- 
ence to the city for the reason that he thought the physi- 
cal activity of a country practice would be more con- 
ducive to health than the more lucrative but more 
stationary habits of a city life. His family is the source 
of measureless happiness to him, far beyond the dreams 
of wealth. Upon the whole he has but little inclination 
or cause to find fault with the world. 



VOI.NEY A. SPRAGUE. 

Elijah \V. Sprague was born in Bethel, Oxford county, 
Maine, December 23, 1784. His father moved from 
Hingham, Massachusetts (the former home of all the 
good Spragues), to Bethel about 1782. When quite 
young Elijah went to live with his uncle NVilliam, in the 
town of Greene, wliere he lived until twenty years of age, 
then came to Dexter. He had learned the blacksmith's 
trade, and as soon as he had located he set up his forge 
in the open air and commenced doing the blacksmithing 
for Dexter and Corinna. The joke is told of him that 
a Corinna man enquired how far it was to Sprague's black- 
smith shop, and was told that he was then in the shop, 
but that he was then three and one-half miles from the 
anvil. In 181 2 he married Phceba Parker. He had five 
children, all of whom are now living — two in Illinois, 
one in Kansas, and two in Maine. He never had the 
advantages of a school, as he never attended school but 
six weeks. His education was fair, however, he having 
the reputation of being the best mathematician in town. 
He held many town ofifices, and for twelve years held the 
office of Deputy-Sheriff. While holding this office he 
detected and broke up a gang of counterfeiters in the 
town of Exeter; found their plates and printing materials, 
and obtained sufficient evidence to send the whole gang 
to the State prison. In iS^S he removed to the State of 
Illinois, and died at Joliet in 1879, at the advanced age 
of ninety-five years, being the last of the original settlers 
of Dexter. 

His second son, V. A. Sprague, the subject of this 
sketch, and whose portrait is herein represented, was 
born January 28, 181 7. He lived at home until fourteen 
years of age, when he came to the village of Dexter and 
entered the employ of Eli Winslow as painter. When 
sixteen years of age he taught his first school, and spent 
his time, until twenty-one years of age, in painting, attend- 
ing school, and teaching school. He then entered Colby 
University (then Waterville College), where he graduated 



in 1842. On account of ill health he was obliged to 
travel, and went south as far as Maryland and Virginia, 
where he remained five years, teaching school when able. 
In 1847, his healtli being improved, he returned to De.x- 
ter and commenced the study of law with the Hon. Jo- 
siah Crosby, and in 1848 was admitted to the Bar, and 
immediately commenced the practice of law in Corinna, 
where he continued in practice twenty-three years, when 
he returned to Dexter, where he now lives, and is now 
the senior member of the law firm of V. A. & M. 
Sprague. While in Corinna he held the office of Post- 
master thirteen years. In every sense of the word he is 
a specimen of a self-made man, and the history of his 
past life furnishes additional evidence that integrity of 
purpose, coupled with perseverance and assiduous labor, 
will overcome all the difficulties which may beset the 
path of the young American, and enable him to fully fit 
himself for honorable and useful positions in society. In 
politics he was a member of the Democratic party until 
1856, when he became a member of the Republican 
party, of which party he is now an active member. In 
1849 he married Susan M. Sloper, of Waterville, and is 
the father of two children: Morrill, who married Edith 
E. Edgerly, and resides in Dexter, engaged in the prac- 
tice of law with his father, and Wilson, who lives in Port- 
land, Maine, engaged as mechanical draftsman for the 
Portland Company's locomotive works. 



HON. CHARLES SHAW. 

Hon. Charles Shaw was born in Corrington, Hamp- 
shire county, Massachusetts, in 181 1. He was one of a 
family of thirteen children. When sixteen years of age 
he made an agreement with his father that if he would 
give him his time he would pay him $100. He ap- 
prenticed himself to a shoemaker in Corrington, where 
he served nearly four years. At the end of three years 
he went to Hingham, where he followed his trade, work- 
ing one year for Caleb Stetson. From there he returned 
to Corrington, where he went into partnership with his 
brother in the shoe business, which partnership continued 
seven years, and in 1837 he purchased one-half interest 
in his brother Breckly's tannery in Corrington. He re- 
mained in partnership with his brother three years, when 
he sold out and returned to the shoe business, in which 
he was engaged five years. He afterwards purchased an 
interest in the old Hubbard tannery, where he remained 
until 1 85 1, when he sold out his interest and came to 
Dexter, Penobscot county, and immediately purchased 
the tannery which he now owns, in company with F. 
Shaw &: Brothers. The partnership existed about nine 
years, when he purchased his [>artners' interest, and has re- 
mained in thebusinessassole owner up to the present time. 
He is one of the most extensive manufacturers of leather in 
the State of Maine, having had control of six tanneries 
at one time, with an average capacity of two hundred 
and twenty-five tons each. He has now in his employ, 
to carry on his extensive business, seventy-two men. He 
is a thorough-going, upright business man, and has the 



828 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



respect and confidence of all with whom he comes in con- 
tact. In 1850 he was elected a Representative of the 
town of Corrington, Massachusetts, and in 1867 he was 
elected Representative by his class to the State Legislature 
of Maine, and in 1873 and 1874 he represented his class 
as State Senator, where he served with great credit on 
several important committees, viz.: Agriculture, Manufac- 
tures, and Indian Afifairs; was Chairman of Committee 
on State Prison, and Chairman of the Special Commit- 
tee appointed to investigate the affairs of the Slate 
Prison, also was one of the Committee on Railroads. 
In politics he was a member of the Democratic party until 
1848, when he became a member of the Free-soil party, 
and afterwards became a member of the Republican 
party. He is President of the Dexter & Newport Rail- 
road, and First National Bank of Dexter. In 1837 he 
married Jane P. Whiteing, a native of Hingham, Massa- 
chusetts. She was the mother of seven children. She 
died in Dexter in 1855. He afterwards married Eliza- 
beth G. Roberts, and is the father of eleven children — 
Flora, who married Shepperd Parkman, died in Burnham; 
Helen F., Charles B., and Millisse J., died in infancy; 
Greenville J., who married Jennie Loose, and lives in 
Hartland; Willis I., who married Ellen Rogers, and lives 
in New Limerick, Aroostook county; Orlando, died in 
Dexter; Elizabeth G., lives at home; Charles O., lives in 
Johnsbury, New York; Miilisse, died when one year 
old; Walter B., lives at home. 



DR. GEORGE A. HAINES. 

This well known dentist of Dexter was born in June, 
1825, in Dexter; his father, Walter Haines, married Eliz- 
abeth Folsom. He is a descendant of Governor Haines, 
of Connecticut, who governed that colony when it was 
under British rule. His father was a native of New 
Hampshire, and his mother was born in i\LTine, though 
then a part of Massachusetts. Walter Haines was a 
house carpenter and joiner, and was only able to give his 
son a common school education, and then set him to 
learn the blacksmith and carriage business in a shop in 
Bangor. Here young Haines worked diligently for eight 
years, when his health failed. Having a natural taste for 
mechanics, and thinking that a better field was then pre- 
sented in dental surgery, he entered the office of Dr. 
Proctor, of Dexter, and studied with him. He afterward 
finished his preparatory studies with Dr. Osgood, of Ban- 
gor, and entered the College of Dental Surgery in Phila- 
delphia, where he was graduated in 1868. During the 
time he was in college he came to Dexter and worked 
for one year and then went back and finished his studies. 
Since finishing his course he has been established in the 
practice of his profession here in Dexter, in which he has 
been successful. 

The doctor married Martha N. Severance, daughter of 
Thomas Severance, a tanner. They have now living five 
children, having lost two in infancy. The doctor is what 
may be called a self-made man. He has by his own 
efiforts not only succeeded in getting his professional 



education after he had worked for years at another trade 
and lost his health for a time, but seems to have made 
a success in his business. He has been able to send 
three of his sons to college, one being a successful physi- 
cian and surgeon in Ellsworth, Maine, and the other two 
are dentists; one in Salmon Falls and the other a popu- 
lar dentist in Dexter. 

Dr. Haines has always been liberal in assisting all 
public enterprises in town, and ready to do his part in 
building up educational and religious institutions. 

He is not a politician; though he has position and 
decided opinions, he finds no time to devote to politics. 
He attends the Methodist Episcopal church, and gives 
liberally to its support, though at present not a member. 

The doctor is a man easily approached by strangers, 
affable and pleasant in his manners, and does not appear 
to feel that he is better than his neighbors. 



REUBEN FLANDERS. 

Stephen Flanders was probably the first and only 
one of the naine that emigrated to America during 
its early history. He, with his wife Jane, came 
to Salisbury, Massachusetts, between the years 1640 and 
1646, and were among the first settlers in that town. 
He was admitted as Townsman in February, 1650. 
This was different from being admitted as a freeman, as 
the latter was conferred by the General Quarterly Court 
only. He died June 27, 1684. His wife died Novem- 
ber 19, 1683. One of their descendants, Reuben Flan- 
ders, the subject of this sketch, was born in the town of 
Cornville, Somerset county, Maine, 181 1, where he re- 
ceived a coinmon education. He was brought up on a 
farm and remained in Cornville until nineteen years of 
age, when he caine to Dexter, Penobscot county, and set- 
tled in the village, where he engaged in the business of 
cabinet-making, and was the pioneer of that branch of 
business in the village. In 1856 he invented a machine 
for manufacturing orange and lemon boxes, but never 
got it patented, and he is now in possession of the ma- 
chine that cut the first box ever manufactured in the 
world. He followed his trade in Dexter about thirty 
years, when he sold out, and in 1867 he purchased the 
mill property of Charles Jumper, about four miles north 
of the village of Dexter, and engaged extensively in the 
manufacture of long and short lumber. He has never 
sought or allowed himself to run for office of any 
kind whatever, but always attended strictly to 
business. In politics he was originally an Old Line 
Whig, but at the organization of the Republican party he 
became a Republican. He is a Universalist in faith. He 
is a thorough-going business man, having been thrown on 
his own resources at the age of nineteen years, with 
j hardly a dollar, but by industry and economy has ac- 
cumulated a comfortable fortune. In 1840 he married 
I Abigail B. Allen, a native of Cambridge, Maine. She 
i died in the village of Dexter. Mr. Flanders is the father 
i of five children, three boys and two girls — William R., 
who died in Dexter at the age of twenty-four years ; Su- 



I 




I 
I 



i 



ttyyi'^tzd cy^fi-^ 



2:-^««^:0 



i 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



829 



san A., wlio died in Dexter at the age of sixteen years ; 
Estlier W., who died at the present residence at the age 
of twenty-four years; Elbridge A., who lives at home; 
and Freeland N., who lives in Minnesota, where he is 
engaged in the lumber business. 



husband and an indulgent father, generous to a fault, and 
highly respected by all with whom he comes in contact. 



HON. FRANCIS W. HILL 

was born in Exeter, Penobscot county, in 181 9, where 
he received a liberal education. He engaged in farming 
until twenty-five years of age, when he purchased the 
store and stock of goods at Exeter Corner, of John D. 
Prescott, and entered into the mercantile business, in 
which business he was engaged twelve years, when he 
sold out the stock of goods to Thomas Mansfield, and 
engaged in the real estate business, in whicli business he 
is now engaged. He owns more real estate than any 
man in the county, and is considered the best authority 
on real estate transfers in the State of Maine. He has 
held the office of Selectman, Treasurer, Clerk, and Over- 
seer of the Poor from time to time for the past thirty 
years. In 1855 he was appointed High Sheriff of 
Penobscot county by Governor Crosby, which office he 
held two years, and the duties of which he discharged to 
the satisfaction of all. In 1879 he was elected Repre- 
sentative by his class, and in 1880 he was elected State 
Senator, which office he now holds. In 1870 he was 
elected President of the Somerset Railroad, and acted 
as such for three years. He is also Director of the 
Somerset and the Northern Aroostook Railways. In 
1876 he was chosen a delegate to the St. Louis Conven- 
tion, and was chosen one of the vice-presidents of the 
convention. The same year he was chosen as one of the 
district electors. In politics he was originally an old- 
line Whig, but in 1856 he became a member of the 
Democratic party, to which party he belonged until 1879, 
when he became a member of the Greenback party. 
While a member of the Democratic party he was a mem- 
ber of the State Committee for about eight years. He is 
now a member of the State Committee of the Greenback 
party, and holds the office of Chairman of the Board of 
the Finance Committee. Although not a member of 
any church, he contributes liberally to the support of all 
denominations ; he also takes a deep interest in the pub- 
lic schools, and firmly believes that religion and educa- 
tion are the main pillars of our free institutions. In 1845 
he married Sarah A. True, a native of Garland, and is 
the father of four children — Mary E, who died in Exeter 
at the age of fourteen ; Mabel T., who married Hon. 
Harris M. Plaisted and resides at Bangor ; Frank W. 
lives at home; Gertrude W. lives at home. He has 
held the office of Director of the Maine Central Railroad 
for over eight years, and owns a large amount of stock in 
the same, and is always ready to assist any railroad en- 
terprise in the State, believing that it is the only true 
means of developing its resources. He is both generous 
and kind-hearted, and is always ready to contribute to 
the relief of the poor, and is known in the community in 
which he lives as the poor man's friend. He is a kind 



HON. WILLIAM PLAISTED. 

Hon. William Plaisted, of Lincoln, Penobscot county, 
Maine, was born October 24, 18 15, in Jefferson, New 
Hampshire. He is a son of Deacon William and Nancy 
Plaisted. (For sketch of early family history see the 
biography of his brother. Governor Plaisted, which ap- 
pears in this work). His father was a farmer and Wil- 
liam spent his early boyhood, as so many of the promi- 
nent men of our country have done, in assisting at the 
farm work. He attended the district school and obtained 
such an education as was at that time afforded m the 
country public schools. Being the eldest of the family 
he early started out for himself, and when eighteen years 
of age we find him in Gardiner, Maine, sawing wood. 
This he followed but a short time, however, while look- 
ing for a better job. Being possessed of great energy 
and a determination to do well whatever he did, he soon 
obtained a situation in a tannery. Here, by close atten- 
tion to the minutest details of the business, he soon had 
the confidence and esteem of his employers, and in a 
short time was advanced to the position of foreman of 
the establishment. Here he remained seven years, the 
last four years having entire charge of the business. In 
1840 he bought one-fourth interest in Cook & Nuttmg's 
tannery and began business for himself He continued 
in business here for four years, when he went to Mercer 
and bought a tannery with his brother-in-law, Mr. 
Church. Though the tannery was in Mercer Mr. Plais- 
ted lived in Augusta, and attended to the outside busi- 
ness, buying the hides for tanning and selling the 
leather. Here he lived for three years, and then went to 
Stetson and built a large tannery, with a capacity of 
about four hundred tons of bark yearly. He lived in 
Stetson and continued in the manufacture of leather un- 
til 1869, when he removed to Lincoln and built the 
large tannery here. In 186S he bought the old tannery 
at Princeton and built it over, enlarging its size to about 
double its former capacity. 

In 1869 his son Thomas was taken into the firm and 
the firm name has since been William Plaisted & Son. 
Their two tanneries have a cajwcity of 8,500 cords of 
batk per year. They make what is known as Buffalo 
Sole Leather, using almost exclusively Calcutta buffalo 
hides. They have $150,000 invested in the business, 
and manufacture from $150,000 to $200,000 worth of 
leather per year. Mr. Plaisted married Martha Forbes, 
of Windsor, Vermont, daughter of Absalom Forbes. 
They have had eight children — Lizzie, wife of Mr. 
Thomas Hersey, of Bangor; William P., now in Prince- 
ton, Maine; Thomas M., of Lincoln; Nancy, now Mrs. 
F. C. Plaisted, of Lincoln, and Harry, residing in Min- 
nesota. The deceased were Mary E., Emma F., Jesse, 
and Charles. 

Mr. Plaisted in politics has been a Republican until 
the formation of the Greenback party. Believing in the 



830 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



principles of that party he has ot late voted with it. In 
1868 he was elected to the State Senate, and filled the 
position in a manner satisfactory to his constituents. 
Since early boyhood he has been a member of the Meth- 
odist Episcopal church, and is a leader in all enterprises 
of public charity and the relief of the poor. He is a 
man very highly spoken of by his townsmen and re- 
spected by all who know him. He has by legitimate 
business, carried on as it has been in an honorable man- 
ner, acquired success in business life. 

Thomas Plaisted, who is associated with his father in 
business, was born May 18, 1848, in Augusta, Maine. 
He completed his education at Kent's Hill Seminary. 
He married Miss Emma Henrys, of Lincoln. They 
have two children — Ella and Marjory. In 1879 and 
1880 he was elected a member of the Legislature on the 
Greenback ticket. 



HORATIO S. AVER. 
William R. Ayer, the subject of this sketch, was born 
in Newfield, York county, Maine, in 1825, where he re- 
ceived a liberal education ; he also attended school at 
the Charleston Academy. He came to Lincoln about 
1846, and entered into the mercantile business, in which 
business he was engaged until his death. He was fre- 
quently elected Selectman of Lincoln, and represented 
his class in the State Legislature one term. In politics 
he was a Democrat and always took an active part in 
political matters. He was postmaster of Lincoln for 
many years, and took a deep interest in educational mat- 
ters; was one of the Trustees and Treasurer of Mattan- 
awcook Academy, located at Lincoln ; was one of the 
leading men of the county and was foremost in every 
enterprise that would be of any public benefit. He was 
twice married. His first wife was Rebecca B. Burnham, 
a native of Limerick, York county, Maine. She died in 
Lincoln in 187 1. He afterwards married Emily E. Morn- 
son, a native of Bangor. He died in Lincoln, June i, 
1 88 1, mourned by a large circle of friends. He was the 
father of three children by his first wife: Ella E., who 
married James H. McAvity, and resides in St. Johns, 
New Brunswick; Horatio S., who married Mary R. 
Ayer, and lives in Lincoln, where he is engaged in the 
mercantile business; Mattie, died in infancy. 



HON. ASA SMITH. 
Probably no man was more widely known and highly 
respected in all northern Penobscot Valley than the late 
Hon. Asa Smith, of Mattawamkeag. His parents emi- 
grated from Ipswich, Massachusetts, about 1795, and 
settled in what is now a part of Auburn, Maine. His 
father's name was Petaiiah, and his grandfather's John 
Smith. There is a Bible in the family of his brother, 
John Smith, of Auburn, Maine, which contains a record 
of five generations of John Smiths; as far back as 1654. 
The dates of birth are as follows: The first, October 29, 
1654; his wife's name was Elizabeth. The second John 



Smith, born December 28, 1678; wile, Hannah Mariin. 
The third John Smith, born November 9, 1706, died Oc- 
tober 20, 1776; wife, Abigail Dans, born August 11, 
1712, died November i, 1791. The fourth John Smith, 
born May 23, 1732, died October 21, 1805. The fifth 
John Smith, born in 1760. His son Petatiah was father 
of Asa Smith, and, as stated above, settled in Danville, 
now Auburn. He was a farmer, and Asa spent his boy- 
hood on the farm. He was born August 12, 1798, and 
received such a limited education as the common schools 
of that period afforded. In December, 1821, he first 
came into the Penobscot Valley, and stopped at Passa- 
dumkeag about a year and a half, during which time he 
worked in a store. It was here that he became ac- 
quainted with Miss Louisa Haynes, who became his wife 
in 1826, February 19. On account of his father's death 
jn 1823 he returned to the old home and settled up his 
father's estate, and remained there until 1827, at which 
time he made a final remove to the Penobscot River and 
settled at Passadumkeag. From that time till 1830 he 
was engaged in lumbering with Alvin Haynes, his wife's 
brother. In 1830 he removed to Lincoln for a short 
time, and from there to Haynesville, Aroostook county. 
At that time there were no roads above Lincoln, and the 
journey had to be performed up the Penobscot and Mat- 
tawamkeag Rivers in batteaux. These obstacles, how- 
ever, did not deter the early settlers of Northern Maine, 
and the young couple successfully accomplished the un- 
dertaking. Their nearest neighbor for a time was twelve 
miles distant, but the Military Road being built soon 
alter, settlers began to flock in and built up the new 
country. Mr. Smith lived here five years, at the end of 
which time (June, 1835,) 'i*^ purchased the hotel prop- 
erty, a log house on the site of the present Mattawam- 
keag House, of Mr. Kelsey. Mr. Smith took possession 
of this property June 4. Soon after, Mr. Sturgis, who 
had kept the property for Mr. Kelsey, moved out of 
town, leaving but two other families in town — George 
Wait, on the north side of the river, and James Thomp- 
son. This property embraced the whole town site. 
James Thompson at that time carried the Bangor and 
Houlton mail. He soon left town, as also did Mr. Wait, 
leaving Mr. Smith the only settler, as we understand the 
records furnished us. Mr. Smith's success up to this time 
had not been such as to enable him to pay for this prop- 
erty, yet by dint of perseverance, cheered by his noble, 
loving wife, after four years of toil and economy he was 
able to call the valuable property he was occupying his 
own. The after years of his life were comparatively easy, 
yet there was none the less activity displayed. He now 
engaged quite extensively in farming, and kept a store in 
connection with his hotel business. Here he spent the 
remainder of his life, with the exception of a few years 
spent in Lincoln that he might give his children an op- 
portunity to attend school. In his business relations Mr. 
Smith was strictly honest, and accumulated a competency 
by legitimate business methods, never engaging in specu- 
lations of any kind. It was a favorite saying of his that 
"economy, honesty, and energy are the essential requi- 
sites of success." His strict honesty, energy, and busi- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



53^ 



ness ability caused him to be often and constantly called 
to positions of trust and responsibility. He was Town 
Treasurer for nineteen successive years (ever since the 
town .was organized), and postmaster at Mattawamkeag 
and Mattawamkeag Forks for forty years. He was three 
times elected a member of the Maine Board of .Agricul- 
ture, and through him the charter of the Nortli Penob- 
scot Agricultural Society was obtained. He was the first 
President of this society, and always took great interest 
in its welfare. For many years he was a Director in the 
Merchants' National Bank of Bangor. 

In 1843 he was elected to the Legislature, and to the 
Senate for the years 1846 and 1847. He was again 
elected to the House for the years 1854 and 1855. In 
1859 he became a member of the Horeb Lodge of Free 
and Accepted Masons at Lincoln, and in 1873, of the 
Pine Lodge of the same order in Mattawamkeag. He 
was a public-spirited and generous man. He gave 
the right of way through his land to the European & 
North American Railroad Company, and presented the 
land where their machine shops are built. In politics 
Mr. Smith was a Democrat, and was elected and ap- 
pointed to all offices he held, by that party. During his 
later life he took great interest in religious matters. We 
copy the following from an obituary notice in Zion's 
Herald, which appeared at the time of his death: 

In the wilds of Northern Maine there xt'as very little to lead a per- 
son to an open profession of religion, and it was only twenty years ago 
that he resolved that he would take God as his guide and counselor. 
Possessing a sensitive and retiring disposili .n, his growth in grace was 
not so manifest as it was deep and heartfelt; yet there was abundant 
evidence of his acceptance with God. Some five years ago, during the 
labors of Rev. J. A. Moreleu he, with his only daughter, was led to 
join the Methodist Episcopal church, and as Superintendent of the 
Sabbath-school, Steward and Trustee he was an honor to the church, 
and faithful to the cause of God. 

During the last years of his life he did much for the 
church. His home was always open for ministers, and 
he gave liberally for their support. Only two years be- 
fore his death he gave a lot of land, and subscribed 
liberally toward the erection of the church which was 
built thereon. During his last sickness his faith was 
strong; he loved to si)eak of the goodness of God, and 
was willing to trust all with Him, and often said, "If I 
go or remain, it will be for the best." It would not be 
proper to close our brief sketch of this good man with- 
out mentioning his estimable wife who has stood by his 
side through all the hardships of their pioneer life, and 
who still survives him. Her father was one of the early 
settlers of Passadumkeag, and the family was widely 
known and highly respected. She is a most estimable 
woman, and by her many acts of kindness and charity, 
her readiness to assist those who are in need of help, 
she has endeared herself to a large circle of friends. 
The family of Mr. and Mrs. Smith consisted of six chil- 
dren, viz: Hannah E., widow of the late H. S. Wing, of 
Mattawamkeag; Elbridge G. H., of Mattawamkeag; 
George W.; Charles A.; Louisa, deceased, and Asa H. 
Mr. Smith died December 16, 1880. His cordial greet- 
ing, hearty grasp of the hand, his words of counsel and 
encouragement will long be remembered. A true citizen, 
a faithful friend, a kind and affectionate husband and 



father, his good works will long cause his name to beheld 
in grateful and honored remembrance. His portrait and 
home are shown in this work. 



E. W. SHAW. 

E. W. Shaw was born in Lecora, New Hampshire, in 
1822. .\t the age of four years he came to the State 
of Maine with his parents and settled in Palmyra, Som- 
erset county, where he received a common school educa- 
tion. He also attended the Hartland Academy a short 
time. In 1845 he married Mary E. Palmer, a native of 
Palmyra; she died in 1847. In 1850 he went to Cali- 
fornia, where he engaged in lumbering and mining, in 
which business he was engaged four years, and met with 
good success, when he returned to Palmyra, where he 
married Maria W. Elkins, and in 1855 came to Penob- 
scot county, and settled in Newport, where he has fol- 
lowed farming, lumbering, and trading at different times. 
He served as deputy Sheriff of Penobscot county for 
twenty years; was also appointed a member of the Val- 
uation Committee of the State by Governor Davis in 
1880. In politics he has always been a Republican, and 
has always taken a deep interest m political matters. 

When he started in life he was not worth a dollar, but 
by industry has accumulated a nice fortune, and is consid- 
ered one of the best financiers in Penobscot county. He 
is the father of five children — Mary C, died in Palmyra, 
at the age of sixteen years; Walter K., lives in Bangor, 
engaged in the boot and shoe business; Frances A., 
married Don A. H. Powers, and resides in Newport. 



Samuel Elkins was born in Brintwood, New Hampshire, 
in 1768. He came to the State of Maine at an early 
day, and settled in Palmyra, where he married Martha 
Davis, a native of Newfield. He was a farmer, in which 
business he was engaged all his life; also engaged in the 
lumbering business a short time. His wife died in Pal-, 
myra in 1872; he died in Palmyra in 1875. He was 
the father of four children — Joseph M., who married 
Elizabeth Allen and came to his death by being drowned 
in California; Emeline, who married Randall McCrillis, 
and lives in Palmyra; James R., married Esta Tuttle, 
and lives in Palmyra; Maria VV., who married E. W. 
Shaw, and lives in Newport, Bessie A. Lincoln and 
Mary C, second, live at home. 



JESSE R. WADLEIGH. 

The subject of this sketch, Jesse R. Wadleigh, was 
born in Candia, New Hampshire. He never had the 
privileges of a school education, but as he advanced in 
years he became one of the most expert mathematicians 
in his neighborhood. He was one of the first settlers of 
Oldtown ; came here at an early day with his brother Ira 
and built the Wadleigh mills. They also built the first 
hotel (the Wadleigh House) at Oldtown. They ran the 
hotel and mills in partnership for many years. As a citi- 
zen, Jesse Wadleigh was ever active in all benevolent and 



832 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



charitable enterprises, giving liberally according to his 
means. In politics he was a Democrat. He married 
Susan M. Giant, of Winterport, and died in Oldtown in 
187 1, mourned by a large circle of friends. His wife 
died in Oldtown in 1874. They had a family of six 
children — Andrew, who married Mariah Black and re- 
sides in California ; Caroline M., who married Jacob 
Bacon and lives in California ; Rufus D., who died in 
Oldtown ; Rufus D. 2d, who married Mariah Davis and 
resides in Oldtown, where he is engaged in the lumber 
business ; and Sarah, who died when seven years of age. 



MOSES P. WADLEIGH. 
Moses P. Wadleigh, the subject of this sketch, was 
born in Oldtown in 1826, where he received a common 
school education. He also attended the Charleston 
Academy a short time. He has always been engaged in 
the lumber business, and is one among the heaviest deal- 
ers on the Penobscot. He keeps in his employ con- 
stantly from seventy-five to one hundred men. He prob- 
ably has been in the lumber business longer, and has 
handled moie lumber during his lifetime, than any man 
on the Penobscot River. He is a self-made man, and has 
accumulated a comfortable fortune. He is also the pos- 
sessor of one of the neatest residences in the village of 
Oldtown, a view of which can be seen on the opposite 
page. In politics he is independent, always supporting 
the party or candidate that suits him best. He was 
twice married, his first wife being Climenia Moore, who 
died at Oldtown in 1852. He afterward married Emma 
T. Nesbit, a native of Biddcford, Maine. He is the 
father of six children, two by his first wife and four by 
his present wife : Carrie died when three years of age ; 
Jesse died in infancy ; Ralph B. died when seven years 
of age ; Moses, Leith and .\lfred live at home. 



HON. JOSEPH L. SMITH. 

Among the most prominent citizens of Oldtown and 
of the county is the well-known lumberman and political 
leader, Major Joseph Locke Smith. He is a native of 
the Pine Tree State, born at the ancestral home in Pal- 
myra, Somerset county, November 29, 18 18, the fifth son 
of Asa and Mary J. (Cowin) Smith, who had a family of 
six sons and three daughters. His early years were spent 
upon the farm of his father and in attendance upon the 
district school. When he was but seven years of age, in 
1825, his father removed to Bangor, where he was en- 
gaged for a year as a carpenter and house-builder. He 
then took his family to Oldtown, where he settled perma- 
nently as a maker of batteaux, which were then in great 
demand, especially for the transportation of supplies to 
the lumber-camps on the East and West Branches of the 
Penobscot. He soon became a leading man in the com- 
munity, and was entrusted with important local offices, 
holding among others that of Town Treasurer for a num- 
ber of successive years. 

Young Joseph attended the village school for a short 



time every year until he was fifteen, when he became 
ambitious of somewhat higher education, and was sent 
for a term to the academy then flourishing at Charleston, 
in this county. He attended this school in the winter of 
1833-34, and then went to the famous academy of that 
day at China, in Kennebec county. A single term here, 
in his seventeenth year, finished his formal education in 
the public schools, and he soon began the battle of life 
for himself. His opportunities had not been neglected, 
however, and the knowledge acquired under his teachers 
has been faithfully used and improved by much reading 
and observation in his later career. 

Mr. Smith, soon after leaving the China Academy, en- 
gaged at light wages in the heavy work of lumbering on 
the Penobscot. In the spring he received somewhat bet- 
ter pay for assistance in booming and rafting on the 
river, and in a short time, by the severe labors of winter 
and summer, he amassed the sum of $400, which was to 
him then a small fortune. He invested his means, in 
partnership with Isaac Staples, another young man of 
Oldtown, in the grocery business in that place, which he 
pursued until he was twenty-one years of age, when he 
sold his interest to his partner and formed a company 
with Messrs. H. R. and W. N. Soper and Charles Fisk, 
for lumbering operations on the West Branch of the Pe- 
nobscot. They were moderately seccessful in these, 
clearing during the first season the sum of $1,200. This 
was the beginning of forty-three years of continuous 
business in the great staple of the Penobscot Valley and 
other parts of Maine and New Brunswick where he has 
operated. After some years' transactions on the Penob- 
scot he formed a company with his brother, William H. 
Smith, of Oldtown, and also Gorham L. Byington and 
Daniel Bradley, of Bangor, for the purchase of a mill- 
site on the Canifacasious Bay, St. John River, a short 
distance from the city of St. John. A fine steam saw- 
mill, with a capacity for turning out several millions of 
feet per year, besides square timber, was constructed at 
this point, and kept supplied chiefly from the Maine 
forests on the Upper St. John, Aroostook, and Fish 
Rivers. Major Smith was in personal charge of the 
operations on these streams, and managed them to the 
entire satisfaction of his partners, who confided implicit- 
ly in his judgment upon all matters within his field of the 
business. After ten years in New Brunswick, the mill 
and associated interests were sold by the company to the 
Roberts Brothers, of St. John. 

Two years afterwards, in 1865, he and the same 
bother, with Captain S. H. L. Whitlier of Lincoln, and 
H. R. Beverage of New Brunswick, entered into a part- 
nership for running a line of steamers known as the Peo- 
ple's Line, on the St. John River. It soon became, 
popular and prosperous, requiring in time three boats 
to meet the demands of travel upon it. In 1875 tht 
line was sold to the owner of the narrow-gauge railroad 
which had been constructed along the river abov( 
Fredericton. During a part of the same period tht 
two Smiths, having bought the steamers engaged in thi 
Penobscot trade from Oldtown to Winn, were also run 
ning that line, but sold it in 1870 to the rival interes 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



833 



then in operation, the European & North American 
Railroad, which also purchased their share in the stage 
route from Bangor to Mattawamkeag. In i860 they, with 
William B. Pearson of Bangor, had purchased of Rufus 
Dwinel the site of his mills at West Gieat Works, which 
had been burned, and rebuilt and ran them until 1866, 
he sold the property. Of late years Major Smith has 
been mainly engaged in heavy logging operations in the 
West Branch of the Penobscot and elsewhere. 

In the midst of his busy private employments Major 
Smith has found time for more public duties. An early 
member of t^he Republican party, he became active in its 
councils; in i860 was elected First Selectman of Old- 
town, and in the fall of the same year a Representative 
in the State Legislature, where he took his seat for a single 
term in 1S61. He was relumed to the Legislature, but 
as Senator, in 1862, andalso in 1872 and 1S73. In 1878, 
having been converted to the principles of the Green- 
back party, he was made the candidate of that organiza- 
tion for the high office of Governor, and was a participant 
in the memorable struggle of the ne.xt winter over the 
returns of the election. His name was again prominent 
in the politics of the State during the Senatorial canvass of 
the winter of 18S0-S1. He was honored with the caucus 
nomination of the Greenback and Democratic members 
of the Legislature, and received 64 votes in the Assembly 
for the office of United States Senator, against the 83 
cast for the Hon. Eugene Hale. 

Major Smith derives his militaiy title from his appoint- 
ment, during the first year of the war, to the staff of 
Major General James H. Butler, of Bangor, commanding 
the First Division of State Militia. In his capacity as 
aid-de-camp he attended at the elections of officers of 
the companies formed at Oldtown, Calais, Machias, and 
Pembroke, and otherwise performed efficient and valued 
services during the period of the Rebellion. 

In 1840, November 12, when he had almost reached 
his twenty-second birthday. Major Smith was united in 
marriage to Miss Amelia C, daughter of Thomas and 
Hannah (Keene) Lebalister, of Windsor, Maine, who re- 
mains his faithful helpmate to this day. They have had 
three children, all daughters, named respectively Caro- 
line .\melia, Harriet Bakeman, and Elizabeth Frances — 
all of whom have married and passed from under the 
paternal roof, but still reside near their parents in Old- 
town. 



DR. .\LBION PARKER FOLSOM. 

This gentleman, one of the most noted medical prac- 
titioners in Eastern Maine, is a native of this county and 
State, born in Newburg June 4, 1838, fifth child and 
third son of Major Mark and Sarah (Morrell) Folsom, 
who occupied a farm in that town, where the elder Fol- 
som still resides. He was not only a farmer, but lumber- 
man; and was in his prime a prominent citizen of the 
town, a Major in the old State militia, and an active Re- 
publican politician, to whom important local offices were 
often entrusted. The Doctor's grandfather, also named 



Mark, settled as a pioneer in Dixmont, early in the cen- 
tury. On the father's side the family is English; the 
race stock of the mother was originally Dutch. They 
were married about 1830, in Newburg, of which Mrs. 
Folsom was a native. 

.'\lbion Folsom was brought up on the farm, attending 
the district schools of winters, until the age of fifteen. 
He then took a position in the drug store of his uncle, 
Dr. William R. Morrell, at Dexter, and served him as 
clerk four years, meanwhile attending the High School 
in that place for the recitation of his Latin lessons. He 
then studied law for a year with Nathaniel H. Hubbard, 
of Winterport; but was diverted from his designs upon 
the legal profession by the formation of a partnership 
with his uncle aforesaid, in the purchase of the drug 
store of Dr. R. F. Kensil, at Oldtown. Young Folsom 
accordingly removed to that place and conducted the 
business for six months, when he bouglit out the interest 
of his uncle, tormed a new partnership with his brother, 
Franklin W. Folsom, then an Oldtown school-teacher, 
and started a drug store in another part of the village. 
At Winterport he had begun the study of medicine with 
Dr. Morrill, his uncle, who had removed from Dexter to 
that place, and continued his medical readings with 
Dr. James Bradbury, of Oldtown, and then with his 
nephew. Dr. Samuel Bradbury, of the same place. In 
I. ■"'63 he took the spring course of lectures in the Med- 
ical Department of Bcjwdoin College, and in the fall of 
the same year matriculated at the Berkshire Medical 
College, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he was grad- 
uated with the degree of M. D., the same season. The 
next year an addition was made to the firm in the drug 
business at Oldtown, which had been kept up during his 
absence, by the admission of his brother, Major M. M. 
Folsom. The business was now enlarged by the outfit 
of a wholesale cart with drugs and medicines, for travel- 
ing operations in Eastern Maine, of which Mr. F. W. 
Folsom took special charge. In 1877 the doctor with- 
drew from the firm, by reason of the demands of his 
large practice, which called for all his time and attention, 
and to which he has since devoted himself with great 
assiduity and success. He has become widely renowned 
for the treatment of certain diseases, as diphtheria, and is 
sometimes called a hundred miles away from home to 
deal with cases of this dreadful scourge. During the 
four years in which he has made a specialty of this prac- 
tice he has treated an average of nearly two hundred 
cases per year, and is reputed to have saved at least 
ninety-five per cent. — a remarkable record, truly, and one 
ivell worthy of permanent notice. He has also a very 
large and widespread general business in medicine and 
surgery; and some of his operations in the latter depart- 
ment are locally quite famous. 

Dr. Folsom, aside from his professional talents, has 
also a decided mechanical genius — which, it may be 
noted, has served him an excellent purpose in dealing 
with fractures in his surgical operations. Sundry inven- 
tions and devices have occurred to him from time to 
time, of which, however, he has thus far j^atented bi:t 
one — an "improved holdback," or attachment to single 



834 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



harness, to which a patent was -granted May 3, 1881. 
This invention consists of a pair of spring metal cups, 
fitting over the ends of the thills of the vehicle and pro- 
vided with eyes through which pass straps, secured 
around the straps supporting the thill holders, or to the 
side of the saddle on each side of the horse. It is 
adapted for use on single vehicles of all descriptions 
without reference to the size of the horse. 
The doctor's circular says of its advantages: 

111 offering this novel style of Holdback to your consideration, I wish 
to invite attention to a few of the advantages possessed by it over the 
common breeching: 

ist. It holds the carriage firmly, keeping the tugs straiglit and pre- 
venting sagging, holding the thill-holders in their proper position on 
the shafts, and checking the sawing movement on the thills, which in 
the old style quickly defaces the leather with which the thills are com- 
monly covered. 

2d. Its Safety. — In case of accident, such for instance as the break- 
age of the tugs or whiffletree, the cups are instantly drawn off by the 
forward motion of the horse, freeing him from all attachment to the 
carriage. If one of the Holbacks becomes detached from any cause, the 
reamining one will effectually keep the vehicle from the horse's heels 
until the damage can be remedied. It allows the animal free use of his 
legs and diminishes the danger of stumbling, while in case of a fall the 
horse can be detached from the carriage with much greater ease. 
When used, as it may be, in connection with the ordinary breeching, it 
serves as an additional safeguard, particularly desirable in the case of 
heavily laden wagons. 

3d. Its Economy. — It saves time in harnessing and unharnessing, 
as it is readily slipped on to the thills, and is removed by the forward ac- 
tion of the horse. It saves money, as its first cost is less than one-half 
that of the common breeching, a mere trifle keeps it in repair, and, as 
before stated, it saves the wear of the thills and thill-holders. 

4th. Not the least of its advantages is the comfort it affords to the 
horse. In dispensing with the breeching it permits the free use of his 
legs — a great advantage, particularly when descending steep hills, as all 
danger of interfering from this cause is avoided — and enables him to hold 
back the vehicle by means of the large bones and muscles of the shoul- 
ders. There is no chafing, sweating or wearing off of hair around the 
breeching or crouper, nor is there the fretting resulting from the swing- 
ing of the carriage upon hillocky roads. It follows that the animal is 
enabled to do more work with less e.\erlion, particularly in hot weather 
and on rough roads. .As to this we mav add that dispensing with the 
harness, back of the saddle, gives an appearance of peculiar elegance to 
a light harness. The absence of the jerking motion of the carriage in- 
separable from the old form of breeching adds greatly to the comfort of 
the driver or occupant of the vehicle. 

He has also an application for patent pending, for an 
improved tooth-forceps, which is believed to make an im- 
portant change and improvement in the methods of ex- 
traction of teeth. 

Dr. Folsom was married to his present wife in Bradley, 
Penobscot county, July 23, 1S74. She was Miss Annie 
G. Burrill, second daughter of Ralph B. and Melinda C. 
(Dodge) Burrill, of that town. Mrs. Folsom was born in 
1848. Dr. and Mrs. Folsom have three children — Har- 
old Morrell, born April 23, 1875; Ra'ph Parker, born 
September 3, 1876; and Sara Agnes, born August 26, 
1880. All are natives of Oldtown, where the Doctor oc- 
cupies an elegant residence and grounds at the corner of 
Brunswick and Brown streets, a little above his office on 
'he latter avenue. 



-,, M.A.JOR MELVILLE M. FOLSOM. 
•Melville Mark Folsom, the well-known druggist and 
politician\of Oldtown, is the second son of Mark and 
.^arah Folsc(in, of Newburg, of whom some notice is com- 



prised in the previous sketch. He was born at the old 
home, April 27, 1836. His early education was received 
in the public schools of his neighborhood, and as he 
grew old enough he aided in the labors of the farm until 
the age of seventeen, when he entered Hampden Acad- 
emy, and studied several terms there and at the Maine 
State Seminary at Lewiston, teaching every winter in 
country schools in order to raise means to defray his ex- 
penses. x\bout the year 1858 he left the schools as a 
pupil, but continued to teach in Penobscot and Waldo 
counties until the war of the Rebellion broke out, when 
he promptly enlisted in the company of Captain Sawyer, 
at Dixmont, and was made first lieutenant in the com- 
pany. This was organized under the State call for ten 
thousand troops, and was assigned to the Sixth ALiine 
Regiment; but, before it could take the field, orders were 
received which changed the plans, and obliged its mem- 
bers to vote whether to retain their organization and await 
future calls, or disband. This company, as has been seen 
in our chapter on military history, voted to hold itself to- 
gether, though its members in time became dispersed, 
and joined other companies in regiments taking the field. 
In the early fall of the same year (1861) Lieutenant Fol- 
som enlisted in Company K, of the Eleventh Maine 
Regiment, which company vvas raised for Colonel H. M. 
Plaisted's command in Newburg and vicinity. Upon 
the election of officers of the company he was chosen 
first lieutenant of this also. The regiment rendezvoused 
at Augusta, moved to Washington late in the season, and 
was quartered during the winter at Meridian Hill. The 
subsequent history of this gallant command has been de- 
tailed in our Military Record. Mr. Folsom was with it 
continuously until September, 1864, when he was sent 
back to Maine to take recruits to the front, and, as the 
time of his regiment had then expired, he did not return 
to the field. During his long and perilous service he was 
in no less than twenty-two pitched battles, besides count- 
less skirmishes and minor engagements, but escaped 
through all without a wound, or any disease worse than 
chill-fever, which he contracted in the swamps of the 
Chickahominy, and from which he has never since been 
entirely freed. He was often, as first lieutenant, de- 
tailed to the command of companies, and was commis- 
sioned, May 14, 1S63, as captain, and assigned to duty 
with Company A, of the Eleventh, with which he re- 
mained till the close of the service. Most of the lime 
since the war he has served in the State militia. In 1871 
he organized the Hersey Light Infantry, a crack company 
at Oldtown, and commanded it until 1876, when he was 
elected Major of the First Regiment, First Brigade, First 
1 Division of the militia of the State. 

When the Gubernatorial troubles came on in the win- 
ter of 1S78-79, Major Folsom was appointed Acting 
Adjutant-General by Governor Garcelon, on the resigna- 
tion of General S. D. Leavitt, and after the organization 
of the Legislature he was elected b)- that body Adju- 
tant-General, and served until the troubles were over, 
when he was succeeded by the present incumbent of 
that post. When elected Adjutant-General, Major Fol- 
som resigned his position in the State militia, with which 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



83s 



lie lias not since been connected. He is, liowever, by 
appointment of Governor Plaisted, a member of tlie Ex- 
ecutive's military staff, with the grade of Lieutenant- 
Colonel. 

Major Folsom was a Republican in his politics until 
the campaign of 1876, when he voted for Mr. Tilden for 
President, but has since been affiliated with the Green- 
back party. As a Republican he was elected a Repre- 
sentative in the State Legislature of 1872, in which he 
was a member of the Military Committee, and also of 
the Committee on Leave of Absence and another com- 
mittee. He was re-elected to the Legislature of 1S73, 
when he was promoted to the chairmanship of the Mili- 
tary Committee, and also served on other committees. 
Since the latter term of service he has devoted himself to 
his private business, taking time, however, upon the or- 
ganization of the Greenback party m the State in 1878, 
to serve as a member of the State Committee of that 
party. 

Upon returning from his military service, Major Fol- 
som settled at Oldtown in the drug business, with his 
brothers, Franklin W,, now Representative from Oldtown 
in the Legislature, and Dr. A. P. Folsom, the subject of 
the preceding sketch. In 1868 he and his partners built 
the fine block of seven stores of which their establish- 
ment occupies the corner. The year before he and the 
Doctor unitedly put up the fine and spacious residence 
in which they live, at the corner of Brunswick and 
Brown streets. 

Major Folsom was brought up in the Free Baptist 
faith, but is not a member of that church. He is a 
Master Mason, and has been Marshal of the Star in the 
East Lodge, at Oldtown, since he came to the place. 
Beside this he has not cared to involve himself in society 
obligations. 

Major Folsom was married during his military service. 
May 24, 1863, to Miss Hannah Jane, daughter of Rooke 
T. and Sarah G. (Gove) Edgerby, of Dixmont. Their 
offspring number two — Edith Louisa, born October 3, 
1865 ; and Arthur Melville, born June 24, iS68. 



EBEN WEBSTER. 

The first me'.r.ber of the Webster family to settle in 
Bangor was Andrew Webster, born in Salisbury, Massa- 
chusetts, who first pitched his tent near the present in- 
tersection of Main and Water streets in 177 1. He 
moved toOrono about 1795, and built a log cabin near 
the Stillwater River, opposite the present residence of 
I^lijah Webster, and afterward erected a frame dwelling 
house on the ground where now lives his granddaughter, 
Mrs. Martha Treat. He died November r, 1807; his 
wife survived him, and died in 1823. During the Revo- 
lutionary war he was taken prisoner by the British and 
carried to Bagaduce. His family consisted of six sons 
and three daughters. 

Colonel Eben Webster, a son of Andrew Webster, was 
born in Bangor, October 3, 1780, previous to the re- 
moval of the family to Orono. When a young man he 



married Lucy Dudley, daughter of Paul Dudley, Esq., of 
Milford, September 5, 1S05 ; she died May 5, 1859, hav- 
ing raised a family of six daughters and two sons. 
Colonel Webster was a man of great enterprise and pub- 
lic spirit, and for more than half a century was one of the 
most active business men in the county. Webster 
Brook and Lake were named from him. He spotted 
and cut the military road t'rom Mattawamkeag to Haynes- 
ville, through a vast forest for thirty miles. Judge T. H. 
Allen was accustomed to say that he was by nature the 
most perfect gentleman he had ever known. In an 
obituary notice of him published in one of the Bangor 
papers it was said : "He will long be remembered by 
the community m which he lived for his enterprise and 
perseverance as a business man, but longer and better 
for the rare and generous qualities developed m his social 
and family relations, and which formed so prominent 
a part of his character and stamped hnn one of nature's 
noblemen." 

Eben Webster, son of Colonel Eben Webster, was 
born in Oldtown, May 21, 1812. In 1823 his parents 
removed to Orono, where he now lives. His first work 
from home was in the employ of Daniel White, in driv- 
ing a horse team at eleven dollars per month. Soon he 
was hired to take charge of a crew in the w'oods, and 
later was allowed an interest in the business, continuing 
as a partner fourteen years with Daniel and Samuel 
White. Of his iiartners, Mr. Webster says, "Two more 
honest and upright men never lived in this town." Mr. 
Webster has been engaged in the lumber business about 
forty-five years. Eben Webster was married in 1839 to 
Miss Martha Ann Trafton, daughter of General Mark 
Trafton, of Bangor; she died at Aiken, South Carolina, 
January 6, 1850. For a second wife he married in 1852 
Miss P. S. Crowell, daughter of Mrs. Lucenia Crowell, of 
Orono. 

Mr. Webster served in the State Legislature in 
1875-76, and has been a Selectman in his town lour 
years. 



PRESIDENT M. C. FERNALD. 
Merritt Caldwell Fernald, A. M., Ph. D., President of 
the State College at Orono, and for many years a promi- 
nent educator in Maine, is a native of the State and 
county, born in South Levant, May 26, 1838. He was 
the fourth son of a family which consisted of four boys 
and one daughter, the oldest of whom died in infancy. 
His parents were Robert and Roxana (Buswell) Fernald, 
who had removed from London, New Hampshire, to 
Penobscot county, some years before. The father's is 
an old and very extensive family in New Hampshire, as 
well as Maine. The mother was a native of Wayne, in 
this State, but undoubtedly shared the blood of the Bus- 
wells (or BuzzellsJ of earliest Bangor. She is still living. 
The father died in 1843 upon his farm in Levant, w'l.cre 
he had also a mill property. Young Merritt re-.dered 
some aid in the operations of the mill, but most of his 
physical labors were upon the home farm. Ho attended 
the schools of the town, and the perhaps more efficient 



836 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



school of the fireside, until the age of ten, when he was 
sent to the Academy at East Corinth. Very early he 
had manifested a decided taste for mathematics, "cipher- 
ing" in long division and to reduction during his first 
winter in school, when he was but five years old. At 
the academy he rapidly developed this bent of his mind. 
In the primary schools he had mastered two or three 
elementary algebras, and in his second term at Corinth, 
in the fall of 1848, worked through the higher algebra. 
From time to time during the next six years he was a 
pupil here, but at sixteen went to the Seminary at 
Bucksport, where he began in Greek, having already ad- 
vanced considerably in the rudiments of Latin. His 
preparation for college was completed at Bucksport, and 
with a small party of his fellow-students under Professor 
Rich, of the Theological Seminary at Bangor, but now 
of the Bates Theological Seminary; and then under Pro- 
fessor Jona E. Adams, of the Bangor institution. In 
1867 he matriculated at Bowdoin College, and went 
through his undergraduate course uninterruptedly, except 
by his engagement, every fall, as teacher of a High 
School which he had established at his native place. 
This did not, however, interfere with the regular 
progress of his studies, or his graduation as A. B. 
with his class in 1861, he taking, in his thirty-first 
year, a "junior part" and at commencement "En- 
glish oration" as honors. He had already taught 
a country school near Bucksport, when but seven- 
teen years old, and has been a teacher more or less in 
every year since — now more than twenty-six years. His 
successive engagements have been as follow: In his 
High School at Levant, during the autumns of 1856-62, 
inclusive, and during the spring of the latter year, follow- 
ing his graduation. At other seasons of some of these 
years he accepted engagements in several of the country 
districts of Levant, and once in Carmel. He taught the 
village school at Searsport in the winter of 1S62-63. 
He then entered upon academic work as an instructor, 
always, however, taking the position of Principal. His 
first engagement was in Gould's Academy, at Bethel, 
where he remained from March to November, 1863. 
He spent the winter of that year as a student 
in mineralogy and analytical chemistry in the lab- 
oratory of Harvard College, under the celebrated 
Professor Josiah P. Cooke, author of "The New Chem- 
istry" and other famous writings. He served as assist- 
ant to Professor Cooke, and brought away a cordial tes- 
timonial from him to his efficiency and ability as a 
teacher of chemistry and mineralogy. After a visit in 
the field to his brother George, then a captain in the 
First Maine Regiment of Heavy Artillery, and now a 
member of the State Senate, Professor Fernald took an- 
other engagement in the Bethel Academy, where he 
taught during the spring term of 1864. In the fall of 
that year, and during the winter, he was again at Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts, immersed in scientific studies, 
and assisting Professor Cooke, as in the previous winter, 
in the management of the laboratory. In the following 
March he accepted an appointment to the charge of the 
academy at Houlton, but after the expiration of the 



school year 1865-6 effected an exchange in order 
to be nearer his mother. By virtue of this he be- 
came Principal of the Academy at Foxcroft, in Piscat- 
aquis county, and remained there two academic years, or 
until May, t868, inclusive. Upon the organization of a 
Faculty for the State College at Orono the same year, he 
received appointment to it as Professor of Mathematics 
and Physics, and was the only officer of the institution 
upon the ground when the first class was admitted in 
September, except the Superintendent of Farming. He 
had spent much of the intervening time after his ap- 
pointment in July, in visiting the agricultural colleges in 
Massachusetts, Michigan, and other States, from which 
he obtained many valuable ideas and methods for the 
foundations at Orono. In the winter of 1872-73 he 
added to his equipment for scientific teaching the bene- 
fits of another residence at Cambridge, but this time as 
a student in astronomy at the Harvard College Obser- 
vatory, under the eminent Professor Winlock. Until 
March, 1879, he sustained the duties of his professor- 
ship.- At the opening of the college he had been solic- 
ited by the Trustees, although then but thirty years old, 
to assume also the duties of its President for the time 
pending the election of an official head. This was 
hindered by the occurrence of differences between the 
citizens of Orono on the one side, and the State Legis- 
lature and authorities of the College on the other, in re- 
gard to the title-deeds of the College property, which de- 
layed appropriations and prevented the full organization 
of the school. Professor Fernald was thus virtually 
compelled to remain in the acting Presidency for three 
years, when, the differences having been amicably ar- 
ranged, he insisted upon relief from its duties. The 
Trustees pressed upon him an election to the executive 
chair, but he preferred the choice of another, who was 
presently secured in the person of the Rev. Charles F. 
Allen, also a graduate of Bowdoin, who had been re- 
cently in charge of the Pine Street Methodist Episcopal 
church, in Bangor. President Allen retired in the early 
part of 1879, when Professor Fernald consented to an 
appointment to the vacant place. Since March 19th of 
that year, he has been President of the State College, 
adding to his executive duties instruction in his old de- 
partment of Physics, and also in Mental and Moral 
Philosophy, teaching Tiigonometry likewise, mainly for 
its applications in Astronomy. 

During his years of service in the college, President 
Fernald has published, in the Reports of the Maine Board 
of Agriculture, somewhat numerous and voluminous papers 
upon topics related to its work, as upon the Distribution 
of Rains, Plant Growth, Protection from Lightning, Ag- 
riculture Compared with other Industries, Education and 
Labor, Taxation, and The Margin of Profit. Through 
other mediums he has published sundry brief papers, 
also meteorological and mathematical tables, records of 
barometrical, geodetic, and astronomical work, etc. etc. 
With all his multifarious duties he has found time to 
do the people some service in public office. In 1861-62 
he was Supervisor of Schools in his native town, where 
he was also Justice of the Peace from 1862 to 1869; and 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



837 



L , has been a member of the State Board of Agricultnre, ex- 
1 officio^ or under appointment of the Governor, from 1869 
' to the present date. His has been a busy and, for one of 
his years, remarkably useful and fruitful life. He is 
still in his manly prime, in excellent health of mind and 
body, and has the promise of yet many years of distin- 
guished service. 

President Fernald, graduating in 1S61 as a Bachelor 
of Arts, received in course the degree of Master of Arts 
in 1864; and at the Bowdoin Commencement in 1880 
he had the further distinction from his alma mater of 
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He h.^s been a 
member of the Congregational church since 186S when 
he united with the society of that faith in Orono. He 
has not cared to connect himself with any of the secret 
orders, except reform organizations. He is a Republican 
in his political beliefs. 

August 26, 1865, soon after his engagement as instruc- 
tor at Bethel, he fulfilled a more interesting and formal 
engagement at the same place with Miss Mary Lovejoy 
Haywood, daughter of \Vinslow and Sally (Converse) 
Haywood. On the mother's side she is a Lovejoy, of 
the family to which the famous Illinois abolitionists, 
Elijah P. and Owen Lovejoy belonged, as also the Rev. 
George B. Cheever, and George Bancroft, the historian. 
The children of President and Mrs. Fernald are Hattie 
Converse, born Se[)tember 11, 1866; Robert Haywood, 
born December 17, 187 1; Merritt Lyndon, whose natal 
day is October 5, 1S73; Reginald Lovejoy, August 7, 
1877, named from his ancester. Dr. Reginald Fernald, 
who settled in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, about 1630; 
and George Bancroft, born November 10, iSSo. 



JOHN R. HAMMOND. 

Joseph Hammond, the father of John R., was a native 
of New Gloucester, Maine. In early life he was a 
farmer, and afterwards a shoemaker. He was the father 
of sixteen children, as follows: Sarah, died in Paris; 
Polly, died in Smyrna; Joseph, now lives in Lincoln; 
Caroline and Peleg, live in Paris; William T., lives in 
Buckfield; lane; Sarah (second), lives in Minnesota; 
Mercy, resides in Wisconsin; John R. ; George \V., lives 
in Paris; Susan, Henry, and Lydia, died in Paris. Be- 
side those named above, there were two that died in in- 
fancy. 

John R. Hammond was born in Paris, Oxford county, 
Maine, in 1822, where he lived until he became seventeen 
years of age, when, in 1839, he came to Penobscot 
county. Two years later he purchased a farm in Crystal, 
Aroostook county, and in 1853 bought the farm on 
which he now lives, in Patten. Here he erected the fine 
farm buildings represented on another page in this work. 
He is an extensive farmer, and deals largely in sheep 
and cattle, of which he probably handles more than any 
other dealer in the north part of the county. 

In politics he was originally a Democrat, but at the 
organization of the Republican party he found it to be 
better adapted to his views, and has since voted for its 



representatives. He has held the office of Selectman in 
Crystal, and also in Patten from time to time. 

In 1841 Mr. Hammond was married to Jeanette A. 
Cushman, a native of Oxford county, Maine. To them 
have been born eight children : Susan, died at home 
at the age of eighteen years; Dora A., married Lonson 
M. Grant, and lives in Patten; Adna O., died at home 
when six years of age; Mary E., died at home; Florence 
M., married George T. Merrill, and lives in Patten; Ida 
I., lives at home; Nettie died in infancy. 



HON. JOHN GARDNER. 
John Gardner was born in the town of Buckfield, Ox- 
ford county, Maine, on the 14th day of December, 1812, 
and was the youngest of eleven children of Jonathan and 
Sarah Gardner. At the commencement of the Revolu- 
tionary war the father, then only eighteen years of age, 
enlisted in the Continental army ; served through the war 
and was paid off in Continental currency, of which it 
took from $50 to $75 to pay for his breakfast on his re- 
turn home. 

The parents of Mr. Gardner were both born and 
reared in the town of Hingham, Massachusetts. The 
mother also bore the surname of Gardner before her mar- 
riage, though not related to her husband so far as known, 
the surname of Gardner being a very common one in 
Hingham at that time. They were married soon after 
the close of the Revolutionary war, and not long after 
removed to the then Province of Maine, settling in the 
township that was afterwards incorporated by the name 
of Buckfield, so called because many of its original set- 
tlers bore the name of Buck. They continued to reside 
in this town till the death of the father in 1836. John, 
being the youngest of the children, the parents naturally 
desired and expected him to take the homestead and 
provide for their care and support while they lived; 
which he would have done but for the fact that about 
this time his father became the recipient of a pension 
from the Government in consideration of his Revolution- 
ary services. The poverty of the country and the heavy 
burden of debt under which it labored in the early years 
of its history, had hitherto ])revented it from pensioning 
its Revolutionary veterans except in those cases where 
they were unable comfortably to support their families; 
but now having become able to perform this act of jus- 
tice, they not only pensioned the surviving soldiers and 
their widows but generously paid them large sums in 
arrears. 

In the spring following his nineteenth birthday Mr. 
' Gardner left the parental homestead and went out into 
the world to act for himself, his parents being in the care 
of an older sister and her husband. During the first and 
second seasons after leaving, he found employment in 
boating on the Oxford and Cumberland canal and the 
waters tributary to it. Wages were then low and employ- 
ment difficult to obtain; but his rule then and ever was 
to work, for reasonable wages if possible, but to work at 
any rate, and following this rule he always found himself 
in diligent and active service somewhere. 



838 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



In the fall of 1S37, having accumulated a small sum, 
he commenced business on his own account in company 
with a young man about his own age, at a little village 
called "North Paiis," in the town of Paris, Maine. 
Paris was then, as now, the shire town of the county, the 
Court-house being situated on " Paris Hill " (so called), 
six miles from North Paris, and always visited by large 
numbers of peojile during court week. 

At this beginning of Mr. Gardner's career as a business 
man he kept what is called "a country store," requiring 
but a small capital to do quite an active business. In 
about eight months after this modest beginning, his part- 
ner was invited by a man of considerable business capac- 
ity and capital, to open a grocery and provision store in 
the city of Portland, which invitation was accepted, 
leaving Mr. Gardner to [jlod along alone as best he 
might, with not much expectation of success. He, how- 
ever, continued here for four years, finding himself at the 
end of that time with a considerable increase of means, 
and a well established credit both with liis neighbors and 
in Portland and Boston. 

Leaving Paris in the fall of 1841 he removed tc Pat- 
ten, in the county of Penobscot, when he commenced 
in the same line of business as at Paris, and has ever 
since continued to the present time, having also been 
more or less engaged m farming, and in the business of 
operating a grist-mill, a saw-mill, and a starch factory, 
still continuing, in connection with partners, to carry on 
the latter enterprise, as well as his mercantile business. 
He has by his shrewdness, activity, and business enter- 
prise, accumulated a handsome and well-earned compe- 
tence. 

Mr. Gardner has always made his private business his 
specialty, and has never been in any sense an office- 
seeker. Yet he has always had pronounced and posi- 
tive views upon public and political questions, and his 
fellow-citizens, having great confidence in his intelligence, 
capacity, and honesty, have often, without any solicitation 
from him, called him to important positions of public 
responsibility and trust. He has twice occupied the 
place of PostmasteiT of Patten, on his last appointment 
resigning the office as he found it interfered too much 
with his private business. During the earlier years of 
his residence in Patten he was for successive years a 
Selectman of the town. Town Clerk, and Town Treas- 
urer, and for about eight years acted as a Deputy Sheriff 
He has also been one of the Trustees of Patten Acad- 
emy from the incorporation of that institution, in 1S46, 
to the present time. 

In 1S46 he was a member of the Maine House of 
Representatives, and while serving in that capacity was 
placed on the committee of that body which drafted and 
reported the first prohibitory temperance law enacted in 
the State of Maine. He was also a member of the 
State Senate for the years 1868 and 1869, and in that 
capacity was chiefly instrumental in the framing and pass- 
ing of tlie act of 1 868 providing for the making and re- 
pair of highways in unincorporated ]jlaces; an act which 
has done more to secure good roads in our newly settled 
territories than all previous legislation together, and 



which is still substantially in force on the statute book. 
Mr. Gardner has always been found in uncompromis- 
ing hostility to all forms of vice and immorality, and his 
influence has ever been exerted to assist in the suppres- 
sion of intemperance and the maintenance of good order 
and correct moral ideas among his fellow-citizens, while 
his strict business honesty, public-s|nrit, and enterprise, 
have been a most important factor in promoting the pros- 
perity and thrift of the beautiful town where he has so 
long resided. Mr. Gardner married Mary A. Colburn, 
daughter of Samuel and Harriet Colburn, of Sumner, 
Maine. They have four children — Ira B., of Patten; 
Ida, wife of Arthur Robinson, of Sherman Mills; Eva 
E., now Mrs. C. H. Sunby, of Patten, and Alma E., now 
Mrs. A. D. Webster, of Patten. 



EDWARD JORDON 

Edward Jordon is one of the leading farmers of Stet- 
son. Although but thirty years of age, he is the possessor 
of one of the neatest farms in the county and is one of 
its most prosperous young men. He believes that strict 
attention and close application to business is the only 
sure road to fortune and success, and governs himself ac- 
cordingly. He received a liberal education at the com- 
mon schools of Stetson and is largely engaged in buying 
and shi])ping stock to Boston. He attended the Pough- 
keepsie commercial school for a short time, but preferred 
farming to mercantile pursuits, so gave up his studies and 
returned to the home of his childhood. A view of his 
fine residence on another page speaks volumes for his 
thrift and industry. In 1874 Mr. Jordon married Miss 
Bessie A. Rexford, a native of Canada, and is the father 
of one child, George. 



NICHOLAS R. HUSTON. 

The finest place in Winn is that owned by Nicholas R. 
Huston. Mr. Huston is the oldest son of Elijah and 
Mary Huston, nee Mary Rideout. His giandfather, 
George Huston, lived at North Yarmouth, Maine. 
Nicholas Rideout, his grandfather on his mother's side, 
was from Kittery, Maine. Elijah Huston had nine chil- 
dren, seven of whom lived to manhood and womanhood, 
viz: Nicholas R.; Elijah, now living in New Gloucester, 
Maine; Andrew L., now of Cumberland, Maine; Mary 
J., wife of David M. Loring, of Yarmouth, Maine; Har- 
riet, and Caroline. Mr. Huston was a farmer and mason, 
working at his trade a portion of the time, but raised his 
family on a farm. He died in Danville in 1839. Mrs. 
Huston died in 1850. 

Nicholas R. Huston, the eldest of the family, was born 
February 14, 1813. He spent his minority on the farm, 
and, being the eldest son in so large a family, much of 
the care of it, and of the farm, naturally fell to his lot, 
for his father was away at work at his trade much of the 
time. On becoming of age and starting out for himself, 
he found himself possessed of a fair common school ed- 
ucation, a good constitution, and a pair of hands with 




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I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



S39 



which to help himself. These, however, combined with 
energy, economy, perseverance, good judgment, and bus- 
iness ability, have enabled him to make a .success in bus- 
iness life. His first employment was on a farm in Gr^y, 
where Tie worked live months for twelve dollars a month, 
which at that time was high wages for farm labor. In 
1836 he went to Lincoln and engaged with Charles Mer- 
rill to take charge of his mill and lumber business to- 
gether with his f;irm, where he received twenty dollars a 
month. He worked for Mr. Merrill until 1850, when he 
purchased one-half interest in the business. In 1S61, 
on the death of Mr. Merrill, he bought the other half of 
the ])roperty, the mill, the farm, and hundreds of acres 
of timber land. By owning the standing timber he was 
enabled to bring his own lumber to his mill and man- 
ufacture it. He employed from ten to fifteen men 
through the year. He remained in Lincoln until 1873, 
when he sold his property there and moved to Winn. 
Since buying the place where he now resides, near the 
village of Winn, he has erected a fine set of farm build- 
ings, a view of which appears in this work. From his 
residence a very fine view of the Penobscot River is 
obtained. 

Mr. Huston married Miss Abbie M. Brown, daughter 
of Samuel (;. and Mary W. Brown, nee Mary Coombs. 
Samuel Brown was a native of New Hampshire, and Mrs. 
Brown of Islesboro, Maine. Mr. Brown died January 
I, 1S72, and Mrs. Brown May 9, 1870. 

Mr. and Mrs. Huston hive no chiltlren. Mr. Huston 
has never engaged in public life, preferring to give his en- 
tire attention to his own business. Though now si.xty-eight 
years old he does not appear so old by many years, and 
is still an active business man. By strict attention to 
business he has acquired a competency and can spend 
the remainder of his days in ease, enjoying the fruits of 
an active business life. 



GEORGE H. HAYNES. 

George H. Haynes, of Winn, is a son of the late Alvin 
and Albra Haynes {iice Albra Record). Alvin Haynes 
was a son of David and a grandson of Aaron Haynes, 
who was a captain in Arnold's expedition to Quebec. 

Alvin Haynes was born m Dresden, Maine, August 5, 
i8oi. His father removed while Alvin was yet a child 
to Bangor, and soon after to a new farm in the wilds of 
what IS now Edinburg, near the banks of the Penobscot. 
He was the second settler in that town. Here young 
Alvin grew up and married Albra Record. He assisted 
his father, who carried the mail between Bangor and 
Houlton, there being then but one mail a week through 
this almost unbroken wiUlcrness. Alvin would carry the 
mail to Howland in a wagon, where he was met by his 
father with a boat for Scow's Landing, about two miles 
above ALattawamkeag Point. At this point there w-as a 
camp where they met the crew from Houlton and ex- 
changed mails. That crew carried the mail seven miles 
through the woods to what was called Jimskitticook 
Falls, now Kingman, when they went in a boat to the 
Forks, now- Haynesville, thence ti'aveled on horseback 



through the woods to Houlton. In this way he became 
thoroughly acquainted with the then imperfect mail ser- 
vice, and when the Military Road was completed he drove 
the first mail stage out of Bangor on that route. He 
moved to Bangor about 1S35, and became agent for Col- 
onel James Thomas, the owner of the stage line between 
Houlton and Augusta, as well as other lines. He 
became a partner of Mr. Thomas, and was after- 
wards appointed United States Mail .\gent in the Secret 
Service of that Department. While holding this position 
he traveled not only through the New England States, 
but throngh the South and West, and in the British Prov- 
inces. During this time he was a member of the City 
Council and Board of Aldermen of Bangor. About this 
time he built, in company with Mr. Thomas, a hotel at 
the forks of the Mattawamkeag, and the place was named 
after him — Haynesville. 

Between the years 1845 and 1850 he held the office 
of United States Deputy Marshal, under Virgil D. Paris. 
He afterwards removed from Bangor to Mattawamkeag, 
and was chosen County Commissioner, which office he 
filled satisfactorily. Subsequently he was elected to the 
Legislature, his district then covering a large extent of 
country. The incorporation of many towns in Northern 
Penobscot is due to his untiring efforts. 

About 1863 he moved to Winn, and settled in a pleas- 
ant location overlooking the village. Here he passed the 
remainder of his days, filling many positions of trust and 
responsibility in the gift of his townsmen. 

During his early life he had considerable experience as 
a surveyor, being employed in 1S20 by the English sur- 
veyors in connection with the monument line, and after 
moving to Winn he was connected with the develo|jment 
of towns in this vicinity, many of them being laid out ac- 
cording to Alvin Haynes's plan and survey. 

He died September 17th, 1875. Two brothers still 
survive, Aaron and Elbridge, also one sister, Mrs. Asa 
Smith, of Mattawainkeag. 

At the breaking out of the war Mr. Haynes took an 
active part in supporting the Government, and during his 
later life was a Republican in politics, though he had 
formerly been a Democrat. 

Mr. Haynes lost three wives. His first wife was Miss 
Albra Record, who died in 1S41. His second wil\; was 
Miss Lucy Philliiis, who died about 1849. His third 
wife was Miss Julia A. Chesley, who is still living. By 
his first wife he had five children, viz: David O. (de- 
ceased), Charles A., George H., Susan J., and Helen M., 
both of the last named deceased. By his second wife he 
had two children, viz: Edward R. and Alvin T. By his 
third wife he had one daughter, Albra. 

George H. Haynes was born September 20, 1S35, in 
Bangor. He received his education in Bangor public and 
high schools, and the East Corinth Academy. He was 
two years with the surveying party surveying the line of 
the European & North American Railroad in 1854 and 
1855. In 1856 and 1857 he was employed by the State 
as Land Surveyor in Northern Penobscot and Aroostook. 

In 1858 he came to Winn as steamboat agent for the 
steamboat company whose steamers plied between here 



840 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



and Oldtown. He remained with this company about 
seven years, though he engaged in other business. 

In 1859 he engaged in trade with WiUiam Willey, un- 
der the firm name of Willey & Haynes, which was con- 
tinued about three years, when J. L. Smith bought out 
Mr. Willey, and the firm became J. L. Smith & Co., and 
so continued till 1864, when they went into a mercantile 
business with Shaw, TiUson & Co., tanners, under the 
firm name of Shaw, Smith & Co. This firm continued 
about two years, Mr. Haynes being the managing partner 
in the business. 

In 1867 Smith & Haynes sold out to the otlier part- 
ners, and Mr. Haynes oi)ened a general merchandise bus- 
iness for himself, in which he continued till 1870, when 
he moved to Lewiston, Maine, where he lived three years, 
engaged in trade, and with Patterson & Edwards in the 
building business. 

From Lewiston he went to Chicago, and vvent into the 
grocery and market business with M. Sprague, on State 
street, under the firm name of M. Sprague & Co., where 
he continued one year. 

He came to Winn in 1S74, and engaged in general 
merchandise, where he has since lived. 

He married Miss Josei)hine F. Morrill, of Lincoln 
Center. They have two children, viz: Minnie R. and 
Harry N. 

Mr. Haynes has a large stock of goods, and is doing a 
successful business. He is widely known throughout 
this region, being a gentleman of pleasing address and 
affable in his intercourse with all. 



GENERAL ISAAC HODSDON. 
Probably no man in this county, and but few in the 
State, had so thorough a knowledge of military affairs in 
his time as General Isaac Hodsdon. Military tactics, 
rules, and evolutions greatly interested him, and were 
among his chief studies even in boyhood. In a memo- 
randum left among his effects, he says: 

In the aulunin of 1790, in the ninth year of my age, I first attended 
a battalion muster, two miles from home, under the command of 
Major Ebenezer Sullivan, brother of John and James Sullivan, Govern- 
ors of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, and both the exercises and 
words of command I that day saw and heard so engrossed my whole 
attention that they have remained indeliby fi.xed on my memory. To 
comprehend the application and propriety of the, to me, manifest in- 
congruity of command "To the right and left face," which I did that 
day, was my first military lesson. 

At the age of fifteen he commenced the study of the 
"Tactics" in earnest, and so great was his interest that 
he spent a greater part of his spare time on them, and at 
eighteen could re|3eat verbatim nearly all contained in 
Baron Steuben's and Jonathan Rawson's systems. He 
was enrolled as a soldier in the militia before he was le- 
gally a subject, and warned to appear at regimental muster, 
and so anxious was he to enter the ranks that he would 
not make known his age. The man to whom he was ap- 
prenticed at this time was a Quaker, who, not believing 
in tiic use of carnal weapons, would not fiirnish them to 
his apprentices, so Hodsdon was obliged to provide 
himself with equipments as best he could. 



His next call to serve in the ranks was to be one of a 
company of militia to conduct the orator, Hon. Benjamin 
Green, and a large concourse cf citizens to the old meet- 
ing-house in Berwick, and there leaned on arms reversed 
two hours to hear an eulogy on the life and services of 
George Washington, December 22, 1799, eight days 
after Washington's death. 

At the next regimental muster he was unable to appear 
on account of being destitute of equipments, but he 
made profits enough on goods furnished him by a baker 
and a merchant to sell at the parade that day to pay his 
fine ($1.67), and buy a full set of arms and equipments. 
This was the only tiine he was ever absent when it was 
legally his duty to be present either in the militia or the 
army, at military elections or court-martials, during forty- 
three years service. 

In 1803 he was made corporal, and in 1S05 elected 
lieutenant. In 181 1 he was commissioned adjutant of 
his regiment, liaving acted in that capacity for three 
years previously. In June, 1813, on his way from Port- 
land to Berwick, he breakfasted at Cleave's tavern, in 
Saco, which was at that time the recruiting rendezvous of 
the Thirty-third United States Regiment, and while wait- 
ing he asked an officer present if he would favor him with 
a roster of the regiment, as he wished to see if any of his 
acquaintance had received appointment. After looking 
over one which was handed him, he returned it, thanked 
the officer, and went in to breakfast. Before he had 
commenced eating, however, the officer, who proved to 
be Colonel Isaac Lane, came in and said: "One of iny 
captains talks of resigning; if he should do so, I would 
like to have you take charge of his company." Hodsdon 
expressed his surprise that such an offer should be made 
to an entire stranger, but told him he would be 
pleased with such an appointment, and believed he could 
satisfy the Colonel as to his qualifications for such an of- 
fice. Colonel Lane rejilied: "I am satisfied now, sir." 
Three days afterward he received his appointment as 
captain in the Thirty-third Regiinent United States In- 
fantry, and was immediately ordered on the recruiting 
service at Bangor and vicinity. 

His success as a recruiting officer was such that he was 
retained at that duty until the November following, when 
he was ordered to take command of the garrison at Fort 
Scammel, where he remained until the next January. 

He was then ordered by General Thomas H. Cushing 
to proceed with his company to Stewartstown,New Hamp- 
shire, to prevent any intercourse with the enemy on the 
Canada side. Here they remained from January 10 to 
August 8, 1 8 14, when Captain Hodsdon received an or- 
der from General Cushing stating that, as he (Hodsdon) 
had accomplished the object for which he had been sent, 
which every ofiicer previously sent had failed to do, he 
was therefore ordered to proceed with his company to 
the regimental rendezvous at Saco, in the District of 
Maine. 

Soon after their arrival at Saco, CajJtain Hodsdon was 
again ordered on the recruiting service until January, 
1815, when he was ordered to take command of Fort 
Preble, where he remained until the ratification of the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



S41 



treaty of peace with England, when he was ordered to 
proceed with his company to Saco, and there discharged 
them, which he did March 30, 18 15, and in April follow- 
ing he was ordered to Springfield, Massachusetts, with 
other officers, to wait until the army was disbanded, and 
was finally discharged June 15, 1815. 

Although by the laws of Massachusetts he was now- 
exempt fiom duty in the militia, yet his interest in it was 
such that, having been unanimously elected, he accepted 
the office of Major in the same regiment of which he had 
previously been Adjutant, and received his commission 
|ulv iS, 1S15. July I, 1816 he was made Lieutenant- 
Colonel, and June 17," 181 7, was elected Colonel of the 
same regiment. He was elected Major-General of the 
Third Division, Maine Militia, by the Legislature of 
Maine, February 15, 1827, having served as Brigadier- 
General of the same division a large part of the time 
since the separation of Maine from Massachusetts in 
1820. This office he retained with great credit until 
February 15, 1S41, when he resigned and was appointed 
Adjutant-General of the State of Maine. 

In July, 1S37, Governor Uunlap concluded to send a 
military force into New Brunswick and take Mr. Greely 
from Frederickton Jail unless the British minister at 
Washington caused him to be discharged, and General 
Hodsdon was appointed to take command and ordered 
to visit the Province and ascertain what would be neces- 
sary to carry out the expedition. 

General Hodsdon was haying on his farm in Corinth 
when he received this order, but he promptly attended 
to it, and on his return from this visit the British minis- 
ter ordered the discharge of Mr. Greely, which ended 
the trouble. 

In the winter of 1S39 it was believed that British sub- 
jects were |)lundering timber on the lands claimed by the 
State of Maine in Aroostook county, backed up by a 
British military force, and Governor Fairfield commanded 
General Hodsdon to detach one thousand troops from 
his division and march to Aroostook. The order was 
dated February 16, 1839, and in four days the whole 
force was on the march. Arriving at Fort Fairfield Gen- 
eral Hodsdon ascertained that no British force existed 
in that section, an^i concluded that under the circum- 
stances his duty was "so to regulate and govern the 
troops while they were in this more than useless expedi- 
tion as would best secure their health, comfort, and 
character, and return them to private life with no dis- 
grace upon themselves or the State." .\fter becoming 
satisfied that the whole move would prove futile the Gov- 
ernor ordered their return, and they were discharged 
April 25th following. 

In 1850 General Hodsdon went to Washington and 
presented the claims of the State upon the Government 
of the United States for the expenses of this expedition, 
and Maine received $27,000, which had hitherto re- 
mained uncollected. 

In 1861, when Maine was called upon for troops, Gen- 
eral Hodsdon, although eighty years of age, was consid- 
ered the best authority in the State on many military 
questions, and was employed from April to June of that 
106 



year in preparing the proper blanks and superintend- 
ing printing of the various blank forms to be used by 
troops in actual service. His instructions to his son, 
General John L. Hodsdon, Adjutant-General of Maine 
at that time, had much to do in winning the praises be- 
stowed on the Adjutant-General's Reports of Maine dur- 
ing the War of the Rebellion, which were considered at 
Washington as "models of their kind." 

General Hodsdon never considered the reputation of a 
military officer to depend so much upon his rank as upon 
his knowledge of his duty and the manner of performing 
it. He was wont to say: "I much prefer to merit the 
expression, 'that corporal would make a good General,' 
tlian 'that General does not know the duty of a corporal.'" 

He was never a politician, although he acted with the 
Democratic party generally until about 1840, in which po- 
litical revolution he joined the Whigs, and remained with 
them till they were broken up, when his sympathies went 
with the Douglas, or, as they were afterwards called, 
the "War Democrats." 

Isaac Hodsdon was born in Berwick, York county, in 
the District of Maine, December 18, 1781, and was the 
ninth in a family of twelve children, seven sons and five 
daughters, of whom two sons and two daughters died in 
childhood and one son and daughter died at the age of 
sixteen and seventeen respectively. The other six all 
lived to become heads of families. His father, Moses, 
was born July 26, 1740, and died December 10, 18 10. 
His grandfather, Elder Moses, was born April 7, 1712, 
and died February 4, 1782. 

His mother was Dorcas, daughter of Elder Ebenezer 
Lord, of Berwick, born September 15, 1746, died Janu- 
ary 9, 1838. She was an eminently pious lady, and her 
long life was full of good works. About the year 1650 
four brothers by the name of Hodgdon came from Eng- 
land and settled on "Back River," Dover, New Hamp- 
shire, where Isaac's grandfather was born and lived till he 
married Sarah, daughter of Thomas Thompson, of Ber- 
wick, and settled on what has since been known as the 
Hodsdon homestead, in Berwick. About one hundred and 
fifty years ago this branch of the original family, prefer- 
ring the present orthography of the name, adopted it. 

The educational advantages in Isaac's boyhood were 
few and of inferior quality. From five to eight years of 
age he attended a private school in summer taught by a 
poor widow, whom the neighbors assisted in this way, but 
who proved to be a very inefficient teacher, and it took 
nearly all the winter terms, which were taught by his old- 
est brother, Moses, to unlearn what he had erroneously 
learned during the summer. 

In a memorandum of his school days, he says: 

It was my misfortune to be left-lianded, and consequently my 
brother set me to writing at an earlier age than usual that he might 
compel me to use the pen in my right hand while he had charge of the 
school. Not realizing the importance of the change, and believing it 
no fault of mine that my right hand grew on my left side. 1 was wil- 
fully obstinate and disobedient, and it seemed the more grevious to me 
because no other scholar was similarly afflicted. 

When he could no longer endure my obstinacy he so severely ap- 
plied his walnut ferule (the usual remedy for refractory urchins at that 
lime) to my left hand that there was little danger of my writing or 
wronging much with that hand for several days. As soon as he left 



842 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



M 



the house at noon, I raked open the bed of coals in the large open fire- 
place, and in presence of the whole school placed his ferule beneath 
them, where it become ashes long before his return. His next experi- 
ment was with a fagot of apple-tree suckers, used singly, but with such 
effect as to start the eye-pumps of the other scholars; but as soon as 
the smart of the application abated and he had left the house my writ- 
ing-book followed the walnut ferule. However, a second application 
ot the same growth of the apple tree proved more effectual, and 1 
agreed to spread the ink with my right hand if allowed to dip the pen 
with my left, which was agreed to. 

From the age of eight to fifteen his help being needed 
on the farm he attended winter school only. The only 
text-books used during that time in the schools he at- 
tended were the Bible, Psaltery, Dillworth's Spelling 
Book, Catechism of Westminster Divines, and Arithme- 
tic. In June, 1796, at his earnest request, his father ap- 
prenticed him to David Nichols, a blacksmith, who be- 
longed to the Society of Quakers. Nichols agreed to 
give him the advantage of the winter schools, but when 
school would commence he would be too busy to spare 
him, and whenever he made any complaint, the Quaker 
would say: "Isaac, thee has already learning enough 
for any business thee may have to do." In after life his 
lack of education was a great source of regret, and was 
considered by him "the most unfortunate of all his mis- 
fortunes." While serving his apprenticeship his evenings 
and spare hours were all employed in studying the 
"Tactics," devoting a small portion only to mathematics, 
and that mostly to land surveying. After completing his 
apprenticeship four years, he worked as journeyman foi 
Nichols for a short time, and had made arrangements to 
go into business in Salem, Massachusetts, with Thomas 
Nichols, his master's uncle, then an old man who had 
made him some good offers, but Isaac's brother Moses, 
who had previously settled at Levant, now Kenduskeag, 
induced him to go there instead, March 5, 1803. Janu- 
ary 24, 1805, he was married to Polly, daughter of 
Timothy and Amy ^Ventworth, at her father's house in 
Berwick, by Rev. Joseph Hillier. His wife was seventh 
in a family of thirteen children, and was born November 
14, 1787. They tnoved to Levant, where they lived 
till March, 1809, when, becoming involved by being 
bondsman for irresponsible parties, he gave up business 
there and moved to Corinth. Here he worked at his 
trade and read law, teaching school during the winters, 
till he entered the army in 1815. On his return he re- 
sumed the study of law, and in April, 1816, was ap- 
pointed Postmaster at Corinth. He was chosen Town 
Clerk when the town was incorporated in 1812, and held 
that office till 1818, except while in the army. He was 
also Selectman, Assessor, etc., for the years 18 1 6, 181 7, 
and 1S18. July 3, 1S18, he was appointed Justice of the 
Peace, and July 3, 1820, commissioned to qualify civil 
officers; also appointed Deputy Marshal to take the 
census of 1820, and about the same time he received the 
appointment of Justice of the Court of Sessions for Pe- 
nobscot county. He was appointed Clerk of the Judicial 
Courts of the county, March 1821, and also a Justice 
of the Peace and Quorum. At this time he moved to 
Bangor, where he resided until 1S39. He held the 
Clerk's office sixteen years, and was Justice of the Peace 
and Quorum till his death. 



In 1823 he was commissioned to adjust and settle 
claims of Penobscot county. While residing in Bangor 
he purchased the farm in Corinna now the homestead of 
J. B. Wheeler, Esq., to which he moved in Jul)', 1839, 
where he lived until he moved to Exeter in March, 1851. 

In 1840 he was chosen one of the electors at large for 
President and Vice-President of the United States, and 
in 1850 was again appointed Deputy Marshal to take 
the census. He resided in Exeter until the death of his 
wife, April 17, 1859, after which he made his home 
with his son John L., in Bangor, a part of the time, but 
the last of his life with his nephew Charles Hodsdon, son 
of his younger brother Nathan, on the old place where 
he first settled in Corinth, where he died of paralysis 
May 24, 1864, aged eighty-two years five months and 
six days, and lies buried by the side of his wife in the 
cemetery near by. 

Although General Hodsdon and wife were never 
blessed with children of their own, they brought up quite 
a familv. General John L. Hodsdon of Bangor, was 
their adooted son, and Sabrina, now wife of Joseph Gil- 
man, Esq., of Dixmont, was an adopted daughter. They 
also adopted two daughters of Mrs. Perkins, of Wolf- 
borough, New Hampshire, a sister of General Hodsdon. 
One of these died at the age of eighteen, the other was 
the first wife of Hon. Gorham L. Boynton, of Bangor. 
This was also the home of Frank, his brother Nathan's 
son, until his death at the age of fourteen, and after 
Nathan's death, in 1848, at various times his was the 
home of others of the same family. 

General Hodsdon was a man of noble physique, and it 
is said by those who were acquainted with both that he 
very much resembled General Winfield Scott in military 
bearing and general appearance. 

He was reared a Congregationalist but never united 
with any church. He was a believer in and a great 
student of the Bible, and has left many pages of manu- 
script written on various texts that were particularly im- 
pressive to him. 

Although his income during the most of his life was 
ample, yet his generous heart would not allow him to 
hoard, and consequently he left nothing for his heirs to 
quarrel over. 

He held more offices, civil and military, perhaps, than 
any other man in our county, and its liistory would not 
be complete were this tribute to his memory and services 
omitted. He was a kind friend, an obliging neighbor, 
and many destitute ones and especially the children of 
his brother Nathan can say, "Truly he was a father to 
the fatherless." 



JONATHAN EDDY. 

Among the prominent business men of Penobscot 
county, in the middle of the century, was Jonathan 
Eddy, bom in Eddington, Maine, August i, 1811. He 
was the son of Ware and Nancy (Clapp) Eddy, and was 
the oldest of thirteen children born to his father, who 
was twice married. 

Ware, son of Ibrook Eddy, was born in Mansfield, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



«43 



Massachusetts, May 3, 1784, and removed with his father 
to Eddington, where he died November 20, 1852. Ibrook 
was the son of Jonathan Eddy, of Revolutionary fame. 
He was with his father in Nova Scotia, and was a refugee 
from that Province, pending the war of the Revolution. 
He received a grant of land in Eddington, in which 
place he settled in about 1785. 

Jonathan, father of Ibrook, is known in history, and 
was a prominent actor in early scenes of the Revolution- 
ary war in Cumberland, Nova Scotia, and in Eastern 
Maine, and was a person of some note in early times in 
Bangor and the region adjoining, as will be seen in the 
annals of this volume, in Colonel Porter's memoirs of him, 
and in Williamson's History of Maine. He was the son of 
Eleazer, of Mansfield, who was the son of John, of Taun- 
ton, who was the son of Samuel (son of William Eddy, 
A. M., Vicar of Cranbrook, County Kent, St. Dunstan's 
church, England, from 15S9 to 1616), who came to this 
country in the shi]) Handmaid, landing at Plymouth in 
October, 1630. 

The subject of this sketch seems to have inherited the 
title of Colonel from his Revolutionary ancestor. He 
was a man of fine physique, compactly built, and of great 
physical strength. It was natural to call him by his an- 
cestor's title, and when once it had been a[)plied it was 
treated as genuine by his acquaintances. 

His early advantages of education were such as the 
common country schools of half a century ago afforded — 
si.\ to eight weeks' instruction in reading, writing, spelling, 
and arithmetic, in the winter. His acquirements were not 
great, but sufficient to stimulate the desire to aid the ed- 
ucational projects of the age when in his power. This 
feeling he had in common with those sterling men who 
were associated with him in business during the greater 
part of his business life, Newell Avery, Simon J. Murphy, 
Edwin and Darius Eddy, of the former of whom it was 
said, by one who knew him well, "he was an earnest and 
munificent friend of schools, churches, and other institu- 
tions which tend to the enlightenment and moral eleva- 
tion of the people. I have heard him talk by the hour 
of the importance of education. Though I regarded 
him as one of the best educated men I ever knew, he 
was continually lamenting his early privation of books 
and schools." 

At the age of twenty-three years Colonel Eddy was 
running rafts down the river from Oldtown to Bangor. 
Though a toilsome yet it was not an elevating kind of 
business, and he thought to improve upon it by going 
into trade. Therefore, in about 1834, he went into co- 
partnership in the mercantile business with Samuel 
Knapp, in Eddington. They were not successful; they 
failed in about two years, and upon Eddy devolved the 
task of settling with the creditois, which he did by paying 
the principal from his own pocket. 

The next three or four years he was a member of the 
lumbering firm of Turner, Levensaler & Eddy, and was 
fairly successful. They cut the first logs ever cut on 
Grand Lake. When his connection with this firm was 
dissolved he formed a business connection with his 
cousin, Edwin Eddy, a connection which continued dur- 



ing his life. In a few years after, there became con- 
nected with them, his brother Darius, Newell Avery, 
Sewall Avery, and Simon J. Murphy, and these gentle- 
men were continuously his partners, with one exception 
for a short time, until his decease, under the name of 
Eddy, Murphy & Co. The Averys and Edwin Eddy 
formed another connection with him by intermarrying 
with his sisters. Newell Avery had driven an ox team 
by the month upon the Penobscot, and Colonel Eddy, 
discovering in him rare abilities, he and Edwin connected 
him with their firm in 1840-41. The other members 
came in subsequently. 

The business of the firm became rapidly extended, and 
it formed various collateral connections, for a longer or 
shorter time, with John Welch, Joseph Heald, A. L. 
Stebbins, Charles E. Dole, Mr. Crepin, of Chicago, Amos 
Bailey, Mark Bailey, and many others. 

After 1850 it w^as concluded by the firm to extend its 
operations into the State of Michigan. They purchased 
vast tracts of lands m the Lower Michigan Peninsula, 
having previously had thorough explorations made, and 
the streams traced, and in 1853 Mr. Newell Avery settled 
with his family at Port Huron. He died in 1877, and in 
Rev. Zachary Eddy's eulogy, pronounced over him, is 
this reference to the work accomplished by the firm after 
his settlement: 

.Speedily the forests ring with the stroke of the a.ie, and not long af- 
terwards with the roar of water-wheels and the buzz of saws. Great 
rafts begin to drift down the streams on the spring floods. A hardy 
population flows into the opening forests; log huts here and there ap- 
pear, and little cultivated clearings. Vill.iges and cities spring up as by 
magic. Church spires and the domes of court-houses glitter amidst 
the evergreen foliage. A vast productive industry is established by 
which many thousands are directly supported, and the whole State in- 
directly enriched. 

The great enterprise is managed with such consummate prudence 
that the prosperity is almost uninterrupted. Though the lumber trade 
is proverbially fluctuating and hazardous, this particular firm go on 
from strength to strength; not a note of paper ever going to protest, 
not a suspicion of soundness ever whispered by the envious. 

This enterprise, started by the subject of this sketch, of 
which he was the head, and with which one of his sons is 
still connected, up to the close of the year 1881, had got 
into marketable condition, by a rough estimate, sixteen 
hundred million feet of timber and lumber, besides im- 
mense quantities of "short" or small lumber, such as 
usually comes out of such operations. 

Colonel Eddy married Caroline, daughter of Amos 
and Sally (Ballard) Bailey, of Milford, Maine, on March 
5, 1839. Mr. Bailey was the proprietor ot a hotel at 
the locality called Sunkhaze, which was much resorted 
to, and a noted stopping place of supply-teams before the 
advent of the railroad. 

Mrs. Eddy was born July 9, 181 9. Her family, at her 
husband's decease, consisted of four sons and two daugh- 
ters, one daughter having died in February, 1862. Two 
daughters are married and settled in Boston. Two sons 
are in active business in Michigan. J. Frank, the sec- 
ond, went West a year or two after his father died, and is 
now extensively engaged in the lumber and other business 
in Bay City. The other two sons are in Bangor. 

While in Bangor Colonel Eddy sat under the preach- 
ing of Rev. Amory Battles, whom he liked, and with 



944 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



whom he sympathized in his religious (Universalist) 
views; and he contributed to the erection of the present 
church structure of that denomination. 

In pohtics he was earnestly RepubHcan, but he was 
never an active politician, and neither sought nor cared 
for office. He was interested for the welfare of his coun- 
ty and State, and for the prosperity of the Penobscot 
Valley, in which the hard and unremitting labor of his 
life had been performed. 

Soon after his marriage he became a resident of East 
Great Works (Bradley), where he continued until 1847, 
when he removed to Bangor, which city he made his 



home until his decease, which occurred August 24, 1865. 
He died suddenly on State street as he was walking to 
his office after tea. He had been singularly free from 
disease all his life until a few days before, when he took 
cold from wetting his feet when upon logs on the boom 
above Oldtown. The illness was apparently slight and 
he was supposed to be recovering. 

Colonel Eddy posssessed a broad mind, was able as 
an organizer, a man of great enterprise, of strict integrity, 
of close and careful business habits, of great force and 
perseverance, a good husband, father, friend, neighbor, 
and citizen. 



APPENDI 






APPENDIX. 



GENERAL HISTORY. 

[To be read in connection with Chapter VII.] 
The following is the enactment of the General Court 
of Massachusetts erecting the County of Penobscot: 

An Act for dividing the County of Hancock, and establishing a new 

County by the name of Penobscot ; 

[Extract.] 

Be it EnacUd, etc.. That all the territorj- in the County of Hancock 
which lies north of the Waldo Patent, on the west side of Penobscot 
River, and north and west of the following lines on the east side of said 
river, beginning at said river, at the south line of Orrington, thence 
running easterly on the southerly lines of Orrington, Brewer, and the 
Gore east of Brewer [Jarvis's Gore, now Cliflon], to the west line of the 
Bingham Purchase; thence northerly by said Bingham Purchase 
to the northwest corner thereof; thence easterly on the north 
line of said Bingham Purchase, to the County of Washington — 
be and hereby is constituted a new county, by the name of Penobscot; 
whereof Bangor shall be the shire-town until otherwise ordered by the 
General Court; and the inhabitants of said County of Penobscot shall 
have and possess, use and enjoy all the powers, rights, and immuniiies, 
which by the Constitution and laws of this Commonwealth, any other 
inhabitants are entitled to. 

Passed February 15, 1816. 

The following is the enactment of the Legislature of 
Maine, making a now important addition to the county: 

An Act to annex the Town of Corinna to the County of Penobscot. 

Be it Enacted, etc., That the Town of Corinna, in the County of 
Somerset, be and the same hereby is set off from said County of Som- 
erset, and annexed to, and made part of, the County of Penobscot. 

Passed February 10, 1833. 

The act establishing the County of Piscataquis, passed 
March 23, 1838, prescribed that "all that portion of ter- 
ritory lying . . north of the north lines of the towns 
of Dexter, Garland, Charleston, Bradford, and south 
line of Kilmarnock, in the county of Penobscot, and 
bounded east by the east lines of Milton, Kilmarnock, 
and townships numbered 4, in the Eighth and Ninth 
ranges [etc., etc.], be and the same is hereby constituted 
and made a county by the name of Piscataquis.'' 

The following acts of the Maine Legislature also af- 
fected this county : 

An Act setting off the northerly part of the County of Penobscot, and 
annexing the same to the County of .\roostook. 

Be it Enacted, etc.. \\\ the lands in the County of Penobscot, lying 
north of townships numbered 8 in the Sixth range, 8 in the Seventh 
range, and 8 in the Eighth range of townships west from the east line 
of the State, with all the inhabitants thereof, shall be and hereby are 
set off from the County of Penobscot, and annexed to the County of 
Aroostook. ^ 

Passed March 21, 1843. 
An Act altering the division lines between' the counties of Hancock 
and Washington; and between Penobscot and Washington; Penob- 
scot, Piscataquis, and .Aroostook; and between Piscataquis and 
Somerset. 

Sec. 2. The division line between the counties of Penobscot and 
Washington is hereby established as follows ; Beginning in the line of 
the County of Penobscot, .as now established in the northerly line of 
Bingham's Penobscot Piuchase; thence running;, easterly m tbe.nortb 



line of said Purchase to the westerly line of township numbered 6, in 
the First range north of said Purchase; thence northerly in the line di- 
viding 5 and 6 in the First range, 6 and 7 in the Second range, 7 and 8" 
in the Tliird range, and 7 and 8 in the Fourth range, to the southerly 
line of .Aroostook county. 

Sec 3. That part of the dividing line between Penobscot and 
Piscataquis, north of township numbered 4 in the Ninth range, north of 
the Waldo Patent, shall tie established as follows: Beginning in the? 
ea.st line of the county of Piscataquis, at the northeast corner of said 
township; thence westerly on the north line of said township, to the 
east line of township B, in the Tenth range of townships west from the 
east line of the State; then north on the Une between the Ninth and 
Tenth ranges of townships, until it strikes the west line ot Indian town- 
ship No. 4 (or the west upper Indian township); thence along said 
west line to the northwest corner of said Indian township; thence east- 
erly on the northerly line of said Indian township, to the southeast comer' 
of township numbered r, in the Ninth range; thence north on the line di- 
viding the Eighth and Ninth ranges of the townships, to the northea&t 
corner of the township No. 8. Range Eight. 

Passed March 12, 1844. 



[Civil List.] — -The verj' large number of Senators and 
Representatives in the State Legislature from Penobscot 
county, from 1816 to 1&82 (there have been nearly eight 
hundred of the latter), and the cost of obtaining a com- 
plete list, have precluded its procurement for this work. 



CHAPTER Xin. 
Add the following to the Faculty of the Bangor Theo- 
logical Seminary: Rev. Charles J. H. Ropes, vice 
Daniel S. Talcott, Hayes Professor of Sacred Literature; 
Rev. Francis B. Denio, Instructor in New Testament 
Greek. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

[The following addition to the chapter on the Penobscot Press, 
bringing its history down to the present, has been kindly contributed 
by Judge Godfrey, author of the chapter in question.] 

BANGOR DAILV WHIG AND COURIER. 

For almost half a century this journal has been sus- 
tained by the people of Bangor and its neighborhood. 
The history of its various fortunes has been before writ- 
ten. It has been, from the beginning (July, 1834,) the 
leading organ of the Whig and Republican parties. It 
has been under various publishers and various editors, 
and has always been an influential paper. 

After it fell into the hands of Messrs. Wheeier and 
Lynde, in May, 1854, it steadily improved. Mr. Wheder, 
who had been the editorial manager of the Kennebec 
Journal, was its chief editor, and he gave it a character 
for dignity and ability second to that of no paper in the 
State, until he sold his interest to Mr. Lynde, in ther fall 
of 1868. 

Mr. Lynde was a model, newspapec publisher. He. 

S4; 



848 



HISTORY. OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



had acquired a knowledge of the printing business in the 
office of the Maine Farmer. A man of will, shrewd, and 
enterprising, he bent all his energies to make the paper 
a success. Politically it was the organ of the great Re- 
publican party in the region of its circulation. He strove 
to make it an acceptable organ to the party, and he strove 
to make it a successful business organ. In various ways 
he caused its circulation to be extended, and thus made 
it indispensable to business men as an advertising medium. 
And he always kept in view the important mission of a 
newspaper — to furnish its readers with the earliest possi 
ble intelligence of what was transpiring at home and 
abroad. He saw to it, also, that its moral tone was un- 
exceptionable, and that it was as fit for the familv as for 
the business man. He did not presume to edit the 
paper, but he understood when a paper was well edited, 
and did presume to select his editors, and sometimes 
to suggest how certain subjects should be treated by the 
editorial pen, that no loss should accrue from inadvertent 
mention. He saw men; he listened to their opinions; 
he reflected; and he made few mistakes in his manage- 
ment. The financial affairs of the establishment he at- 
tended to himself,'and when he died it was a surprise to 
many that, as a newspaper publisher, he had here accu- 
mulated so good an estate. 

The close application that Mr. Lynde gave to his busi- 
ness had an effect upon his health, and in the winter of 
1874 he visited the South with a view to its restoration. 
His destination was Florida, but on reaching Savannah, 
Georgia, in consequence of a cold that had fastened it- 
self upon him, he was compelled to take his bed, from 
which he never arose. He died on March 12, 1874, at 
the age of forty-seven years. Mr. Lynde's qualities were 
well known to the newspaper press, and the expressions 
o.f sorrow on his demise were very general in and out of 
the State, as well as among his neighbors in the city of 
his home. 

The editors under Mr. Lynde, who succeeded Mr. 
Wheeler, were, first, Mr. Joseph W. Bartlett, of Bangor. 
He was a native of Litchfield, Maine. After spending 
some time in editorial labor upon the Whig he left for a 
position upon the New York Post. 

The next was Mr. Ed. A. Perry, of Bangor, who had 
been a local editor of the Whig. He afterwards had a 
place upon the Boston Herald. 

- The next was Captain Charles A. Boutelle, who be- 
came the permanent editor-in-chief under Mr. Lynde, 
and has ever since occupied that position. A sketch of 
his life and public career is given in a previous chapter. 

In 1870, having had considerable experience in cor- 
respondence and in writing for the news]Mpers, he felt a 
desire to try his hand at " practical journalism." Under 
advice from an accomplished ex-editor, he concluded to 
engage with Mr. Lynde. He at first engaged for three 
months, and so satisfactory did his services prove that 
Mr. Lynde engaged him as permanent editor at a very 
liberal salary, and he was in the position at Mr. Lynde's 
death. 

Having become accustomed to the editorial harness. 
Captain Boutelle had no desire to put it off. He there- 



fore formed a connection with Benjamin A. Burr, Esq., 
and they purchased the Whig establishment — Captain 
Boutelle becoming the proprietor of five-eighths. The 
copartnership still exists. 

Mr. Burr was born in Brewer, Maine, is a practical 
printer ; had served three years as night-workman on the 
Boston Atlas ; had been connected with the publica- 
tion of various papers, particularly with that of the Ban- 
gor Jeffersonian, in connection with Joseph Bartlett, Esq. 
— for many years Register of Probate — who was its 
editor. Originally Democratic, the Jeffersonian became 
first a Free-soil, then a Republican paper, and for twen- 
ty-two years was an interesting and useful journal. Mr. 
Bartlett's editorial labors having been terminated by his 
death, and Free-soilism having become merged in Re- 
publicanism, Mr. Burr in 1870 sold his subscription list 
to Mr. Lynde, and when the opportunity came that he 
could return to his old business as publisher of a jour- 
nal sustaining the principles of the Jeffersonian, and of 
wider influence, he was happy to avail himself of it. 

On the 15th of May, 1870, Messrs. Boutelle & Burr 
entered upon their new enterprise. Captain Boutelle hav- 
ing full control of the editorial, and Mr. Burr of the busi- 
ness department. 

Under the present management the Whig and Courier 
has been and is one of the most ably conducted and 
managed papers in the State. Captain Boutelle is per- 
fectly fearless. He wields a ready pen. Confident of 
the correctness of his position, he is ever ready to defend 
it. If friends question it, he turns them aside by a few 
skilful strokes; and when impelled thereto falls upon his 
enemies with masterly vigor. He makes no compromise 
with wrong. Among the first to discover what he con- 
sidered the seditious purposes of the mushroom politi- 
cians of 1879, to frustrate the will of the people, he 
fought against them with admirable zeal and persistency; 
and had the satisfaction, finally, of feeling that he had 
been largely instrumental in keeping the State out of the 
hands of political burglars. A believer in the great 
principles of Republicanism, he never hesitates to do 
battle for them when the occasion requires; a believer in 
progress, he is at all times ready to give it intelligent aid. 
As a writer he is earnest, and his style is chaste and per- 
spicuous. 

In 1880 Captain Boutelle was the candidate for Mem- 
ber of Congress of the Republicans of the Fourth Dis- 
trict. He has been a campaign speaker in and out of 
the State in the past two years. 

The local editors under the present management have 
been Mr. James Swett Rowe, Mr. E. H. Trafton, Mr. 
E. A. Meigs, who is now editorially connected with the 
New Haven Palladium; Mr. W. J. Curtis, now a lawyer 
in New York City; Mr. E. P. Boutelle, brother of the 
editor-in-chief; and Mr. Paul R. Seavey — the last two 
being now connected with the paper, and, as all readers 
of the Whig and Courier know, are rendering efficient 
service. 

The daily circulation of the paper is about two tliou- 
sand. The subscription price is $8 a year. It is a large 
folio sheet, with eight columns to the page. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



849 



BANGOR WEEKLY COURIER. 

This is a large six-page paper of eight columns to the 
page, and is made up of the matter of the Whig and 
Courie.r. Of course it is under the same management. 
It has a circulation of about three thousand. The sub- 
scription price is $2 a year, in advance. 

BANGOR DAILY COMMERCIAL. 

Marccllus Emery continued to edit and publish this 
journal in Bangor until his decease, in P'ebruary, 1879. 
From being mildly partisan, as at first, it became at 
length intensely partisan, and was largely instrumental in 
bringing about the fusion between the Democrats and 
Greenbackers. 

Mr. Emery had established a local department, which 
helped to increase the circulation of the paper. This 
department was at first under the management of Mr. 
F. R. Guernsey, then of Mr. A. W. Decrow, then of 
Mr. E. M. Blanding, who came to Bangor from Saco. 

The Daily Commercial — a folio evening paper — was 
sustained both by subscription and by the sale of single 
copies. The subscription price was $7 a year; price of 
single copies three cents. The circulation at Mr. Em- 
ery's decease was eleven hundred or twelve hundred 
copies. 

After the decease of Mr. Emery the establishment was 
purchased by the enterprising firm of J. P. Bass & Co., 
consisting of Hon. Joseph P. Bass, a former Mayor, 
Frank H. Getchell, and Miller D. Mudgett, Esqs. 
From May i, 1879, to January i, 1880, George B. Good- 
win, Esq., who had been on the Boston Post, was its 
editor-in-chief Under him it was honorably conducted. 
An he would not, by expression or implication, give 
countenance to what was then the jjolicy of the Fusion 
party, he withdrew from the paper. 

From January i, 1880, Hon. Daniel Sanborn had the 
editorial charge of the paper until November 1st of tlie 
same year, when he took up his connection with it. Mr. 
Sanborn was an old journalist, and wielded a racy ])en. 

Mr. Sanborn was succeeded in the editorial chair by 
Mr. Getchell, one of the proprietors, who still continues 
editor-in-chief. Mr. Getchell is a good writer, a discrim- 
inating editor, and gives his best energies to making the 
paper, though partisan, a desirable newspaper. He is a 
Democrat, and has his heart in the success of his ])arty 
and of his paper. 

Since the Commercial came under its present manage- 
ment it has been made a bi daily — that, is, there is a 
noon as well as an evening edition. 

Mr. Blanding, after several years very satisfactory labor 
upon the local columns, "saw money" in another enter- 
prise, and about the ist of January, 1880, left the Com- 
mercial to establish the Maine Mining Journal, of 
which he and his brother became the editors. The 
Commercial found a competent successor to Mr. Bland- 
ing in A. P. Wiggin, Esq., from Belfast, a gentleman of 
editorial experience and ability. 

The proprietors are gratified with the success of the 
paper, and with its present editorial management. The 
circulation, of course, fluctuates, according to the interest 
107 



of the public matters which it promulgates. In the time 
of the illness of President Garfield, in some days it ran 
up to three thousand copies daily. Its publishers claim 
that eighteen hundred is its fair average circulation, and 
that it is gradually increasing. Feeling that their adver- 
tising patronage was highly flattering in the fall of 1881, 
they enlarged the paper to accommodate it. 
From the Daily Commercial is made up 

THE COM.MERCIAL AND DEMOCRAT, 

a folio weekly, which has a circulation in the State of 
about three thousand. Its subscription price is $1 per 
year, payable in advance. 

THE NORTHERN BORDER. 

A journal with a lengthy announcement, of which the 
following is a part: 

We, an association of citizens, to nil: IJ. F. Tefft, O. F. Knowles, 
Hannibal Hamlin, S. F. Mersey, John B. Foster, Chapin Humphrey, 
.•\. J. Chapman, H. W. Knowles, G. W. Merrill, Noah Woods, D. 
W'hite, G. -A. White, C. Holyol<e, Otis Gilmore, W. F. Currier, W. 
H. Knowles, W. S. McDonald, Isaac M. Bragg, David Brown. 
Joseph Baker, Charles .A. Coombs, and Norris E. Bragg, organized as 
a stock company, propose to publish a weekly periodical at the city of 
Bangor, Rev. Dr. B. F. Tefft .is editor-in-chief, and Oscar F. Knowles as 
printer, the editorial department to be aided by a number of the 
ablest writers in this countrv, and with several well-known European 
correspondents." 

And with the above name was started in Bangor about 
the ist of January, 1873. It was not to be sectarian nor 
political, nor sectional ; it was to work for home interests, 
"for the development of our resources, for the advance- 
ment of this portion of our continent by encouraging, 
advocating, and befriending every enterprise that has this 
great end in view." 

Great things were, of course, expected of a journal 
with such an announcement. Its editor-in-chief was 
known as a voluminous writer and ready speaker, as a 
Methodist clergyman of cosmopolitan ideas, and con- 
fident of progress in whatever he undertook. 

The paper was a large five-column quarto, well printed, 
and contained much interesting matter, though not more 
than most other weekly journals of its size. Terms of 
subscription, $2 a year in advance. The pen of the 
editor-in-chief was prolific of suggestions in behalf of our 
home interests, etc., and his labors were incessant to 
make the enterprise successful in a business point of 
view. He may have been aided by "a number of the 
ablest writers in the country," and by "several well- 
known European correspondents," but from some cause 
the anticipated "advancement of this portion of our con- 
tinent " was not realized, or "our resources" developed 
to any remarkable extent. For years the industrious 
editor labored with brains and hands to carry out his 
plan, and especially to make the enterprise financially a 
success. The ingenuity displayed was the occasion of 
frequent remarks, and if no portion of the continent 
was greatly benefited because of the existence of the 
Northern Border, it was not for want of effort, intellectual 
or financial. 

Many were interested for the success of the journal, 
and seconded the efforts of the editor-in-chief to the ex- 
tent of their ability, but in its inception the cost of carry. 



8so 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ing on such an enterprise evidently had not been counted. 
Many fortunes might have been sunk if it had been con- 
tinued, therefore it was concluded to bring it to an end, 
and let the advancement of this part of the continent 
await the natural order of things. 

DIRIGO RUR.\L. 

This is a weekly, five-column octavo agricultural 
paper. It was established in Bangor in 1874 by D. M. 
Hall, Esq., who continues to be its editor and proprietor. 
It is the crgan of the Grange, and has a circulation of 
upwards of two thousand copies all over the State, which 
is increasing. Being in the interest of the farmers its col- 
umns are freighted with matter designed for their ben- 
efit. 

Besides much interesting miscellaneous reading it con- 
tains reports, addresses, communications, hints and 
directions in regard to various matters connected with 
husbandry, besides items of news and numerous adver- 
tisements. 

If the Rural has nothing to do with partisanism in 
politics, or sectarianism m religion, or with any subject 
over which people will be likely to come in angry col- 
lision, there is no reason why it should not be a very 
valuable aid to those who are engaged in developing the 
agricultural resources of the State and endeavoring to 
build up fortunes by the labor of their head and hands, 
and not simply by carrying into practice the principle 
that "a dollar saved is two dollars earned." 

But if it shall seriously persist in propagating the 
theory embraced in the following extract from the lead- 
ing editorial in the issue of November 19, 1881, it may 
stir up an opposition which will seriously afifect its influ- 
ence. Laboring men are the men who acquire and 
ought to acquire and have the benefit of fortunes in this 
country, not the men who spend a good portion of their 
time in croaking and envying those who by the industri- 
ous application of brains and hands become the posses- 
sors of large accumulations. This is the extract: 

The simplest understanding can comprehend that all wealth is simply 
the product of labor, and that to create the hundreds of millionaires 
now numbered in this country, thousands of laboring men must be de- 
prived of the just proportion that should be the reward of their toil. 
And yet there are some servile natures that believe rich men are to be 
desired: mistakenly supposing that they are the ones that set the wheels 
of industry in motion, while, in fact, they only are the ones who se- 
cure the profits. For the purposes of carriage we esteem a few inches 
of snow evenly distributed over the eaith of great advantage: but if 
the wind takes this well-distributed snow and gathers it into immense 
heaps leaving the ground bare, except where the huge drifts lie, 
then are all the plans that rested on the promises of sledding defeated. 
So, too, are the general business energies and capacities of tlie people 
crippled and destroyed in proportion as money and property are gath- 
ered into a few hands. If only $25 are unduly taken every year 
from each household of laboring men and given to the few, the aggre- 
gate sum is immense and capable of working great depression. It is 
not only the loss of the $25 of which he is robbed, but the ability of all 
his neighbors upon whom his business interests depend are weakened 
in the same way: and they are, in a measure, incapacitated for giving 
their patronage to his and other industries. 

Distribute the fortunes of the millionaires and how 
long will it be before they are in the hands of the million- 
aires again? It is not "wind" that heaps up fortunes, it 
is work. The subscription price is $1.50 per year. 



MAINE MINING JOURN.^L. 

This is an interesting and useful publication, established 
in Bangor early in the year 1880, to aid in promoting 
the development of the mineral resources of Maine and 
adjacent States and Provinces. It is the only publica- 
tion in New England devoted exclusively to this object. 
It is published every Friday, and gives valuable informa- 
tion in regard to newly discovered mines, newly opened 
mines, old mines, and the progress making in all the 
mines. Nothing of interest in relation to mining, to 
ores, to the reduction of ores, to the new discoveries, to 
the action of companies, and the movements of indivi- 
duals, connected in any way with the industry, escapes 
the notice of its enterprising editors, who are PI M. 
Blanding, Esq., for years an efficient and careful local 
editor of the Bangor Daily Commercial, and his brother, 
VV. F. Blanding, Esq. The paper is in good style, neatly 
printed, containing sixteen pages of matter, about two- 
thirds of which is reading, and the rest advertisements. 
It has a large and increasing circulation. The subscrip- 
tion price is two dollars a year, in advance. 

E. H. Dakin is the business manager. The office is at 
28 West Market Square, Bangor, Maine. 

THE BANGOR TRIBUNE 

was a Greenback paper started in Bangor in 1878, for the 
campaign of that year. The price for the campaign was 
ten cents, and the paper obtained a circulation of thirty 
thousand. It was published in Bangor from three to five 
months. It was afterward removed to Augusta, and 
thence to Portland, where it was incorporated with the 
New Era. 

While in Bangor, the editor in charge of the Tribune 
was Charles S. Conant, Esq. 

THE GREENBACKER. 

In 1879 this was published in Bangor, as a campaign 
paper, with the politics of the Tribune, by Mr. M. A. 
Walton, at twenty-five cents. 

THE RECORD 

was the name of the campaign Greenback paper pub- 
lished in 1880. It was under the management of Mr. 
Walton. Price twenty-five cents for the campaign, same 
as that of the Greenbacker. 

THE FREEHOLDER. 

This is a weekly paper published in Bangor, and was 
established early in 1881. Its thirty-fifth number was 
issued November 11, 1881, and 5,300 copies of that 
number were sent out. 

The first column in the paper has this heading : 

The Freeholder. A Greenback Newspaper. Published every Friday 
at Bangor, Maine, by the Freeholder Publishing Co. 

Hon. Joseph L. Smith, of Oldtown, President. 
Heibert J. Banton, Business Manager. 
T. J. Mclnlyre, Editor. 

The President has been several times in the State Sen- 
ate, and is understood to be a man of much wealth. He 
was the Greenback candidate for Governor in 1878 and 
1879, in which years there was no election by the people. 
It was claimed by his friends that he was elected Gov- 
ernor by the Legislature, but the Supreme Court held 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



851 



that the body claiming to have elected him was illegal. 
By the prominence of his position in the publication of 
the Freeholder, he evidently has great faith in the future 
prosperity of his party ; and the issue of November 11, 
above referred to, in its leading editorial has this lan- 
guage : 

The Xation,il Greenback pnrty has thus far been a party of marvel- 
ous growth, without a parallel in the history of parties. The old party 
organs endeavor to screen this fact out of sight. Bui, like Banquo's 
ghost, it will pot down. 

Let no lover of justice despair. The Greenback party, whose sole 
purpose it is to restore to the people the government of the fathers, is 
already acknowledged as a party of glorious achievements. It is the 
only defender of those principles of equity and justice upon which was 
reared the fabric of our Republic. Therefore it follows, as a natural 
sequence, that if the Republic is to endure the National party must of 
necessity be the party of tiie future, consecrated as it is to the defense 
of those principles without which the Republic must away. 

For the price, the paper is large and well-printed, and 
Its selections are good. Its advertising [latronage ap- 
pears to be large, and, if it shall continue to hold 5,000 
paying subscribers year after year, it may be considered 
as permanently established. The editor, who is an Irish 
gentleman, has "faith," and that, St. Paul says, "is the 
substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not 
seen." 

THE .\IESSE.\GER. 

It would seem that the Greenback party in Bangor is 
in a flourishing condition, if the number of its journals is 
an indication. The Messenger is the second which has 
been established within a year. Now (November, 1881,) 
it is not three months old, and it claims to have twenty- 
five hundred subscribers, with additions at the rate of 
two hundred per week. 

The Messenger is a large quaito sheet with six columns 
on a page. It purports to be rather a literary than a po- 
litical journal, though it has a pronounced political faith. 
About one page is devoted to editorial and political arti- 
cles, about five to literature and news, and about two to 
advertisements. The terms of the paper are the same 
as those of the Freeholder, $1 for a year, fifty cents 
for half a year, and twenty-five cents for three months. 

Whether both or either of the papers are to be perma- 
nently established, and endeavor to build up a higher or 
different grade of political morality than has existed, 
will depend somewhat upon the support extended to 
them. 

The Messenger has recently been enlarged from a five- 
column to a six-column paper, and is well printed. It is 
published by the Messenger Company, and edited by E. 
D. Pratt, Esq. 

The latest issue contains the following fundamental 
doctrine of Greenbackism : 

A dollar has no existence except as a denomination of the money of 
account. It is a thing ideal, not real as a bushel of wheat. When the 
Government says that a piece of gold, silver, or paper shall be known 
as a dollar, and a legal tender for one dollar, it simply appoints that 
article, made and prepared in a regular and prescribed form, to corres- 
pond in debt-paying power or purchasing equivalency (which is always 
controlled by the debt-paying power) to the money of account, which 
in this country has for its unit the dollar. 

It contains also this suggestion : 

Not only is the silver dollar a fiat dollar, for a part of its value at 
east, but the hgle which may be made in it has a fiat value it seems. 



A standard silver dollar with a hole punched in it is worth only sixty- 
five cents; there the hole has a vahie of thirty-five cents. M.ike five 
lioles and at thiit rate the holes would be worth more than the original 
dollar. There is "fiat" with a vengeance. — [November 16, 1881.] 

THE P.ARLOR T.\BLE. 

This is the latest and newest journal that has come 
from the press in Penobscot county. It is new m man- 
ner and new in matter. It is a (juarto sheet of three 
columns to the page, is daintily printed, and is appro- 
priate for the repository whose name it has assumed. It 
is designed for "the society of the Queen City of the 
East, long famous for intellectual brilliancy and social 
charm," and promises to "chronicle [for it], with taste 
and accuracy, the events in the social world, besides fur- 
nishing, in its advertising columns, a trustworthy and in- 
teresting guide to our emporiums of commerce." 

The contents are from the pens of Bangor writers, and 
relate to matters of interest to the tenants of the parlor, 
a portion being advertisements designed to attract their 
attention. Its imprint announces it to be "a social and 
literary journal; published monthly, at Bangor, Maine; 
terms, 50 cents a year; John H. Bacon, publisher." 

The editor is understood to be the son of the cele- 
brated author, and compiler of the Poets and Poetry 
of America, a young man of rare abilities — the author 
of the "P. Q. Inde.xor." 

The first number was issued in November, 1881, and 
has enough of interest to justify the publisher in the be- 
lief that there will be a good demand for succeeding 
numbers. 

THE DEXTER GAZETTE. 

This journal was established in 1862 by Rev. J. F. 
Witherell, a Universalist clergyman. In August, 1869, 
the establishment was bought by Messrs. Robbins & Gal- 
lison. Mr. Gallison continued in the firm something 
more than two years; he then sold out his interest to Mr. 
Robbins, who carried on the establishment alone for sev- 
eral years. In 1878 Mr. Robbins formed a business con- 
nection with Mr. M. F. Herring, and they published the 
paper as copartners until 1 880, when Mr. Herring pur- 
chased Mr. Robbins's interest and became and continues 
to be the sole proprietor. 

The Gazette is a large sheet of twenty-seven by forty- 
one inches, and eight columns to the page. With the 
growth of the town it has greatly enlarged its proportions. 
It was originally a "seven by nine" sheet. It is a valu- 
able local journal, and the enterprising people of Dexter 
manifest their appreciation of it by giving it a substantial 
subscription list of at least 1,000, and a handsome ad- 
vertising support. The subscription price is $2 a year, 

THE PATTtN VOICE 

was a small 6. \ 8-inch two-column local paper, pab- 
lished in Patten by William Sleeper in 1866-67. I' 
was the enterprise of an ambitious lad, who wanted oc- 
cupation and amusement. It obtained a circulation of 
three thousand copies at 25 cents a year. 

After being published in Patten about a year, it was 
removed to Sherman, in Aroostook county, where it was 
published under the name of 



852 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



THE VOICE. 

In 1 87 1 it was sold to L. H. Caldwell, who enlarged 
it to a six-column folio. In 1873 it was sold to E. D. 
Pratt, who removed it to Patten in 1874 and changed 
the name to 

THE PATTEN TRIBUNE, 

and enlarged it to a seven-column folio. It was pub- 
lished until September, 1875, when it was suspended, 
and the subscription list was transferred to the Katah- 
din Kalendar, a weekly sheet published in Sherman by 
Dr. D. H. Owens. 

The community in which the Voice and Tribune were 
published is an intelligent and thriving, but somewhat 
isolated one, in almost the extreme north of the county, 
and a local paper there is a desideratum and conveni- 
ence. 

THE NEWPORT NEWS. 

This was a sprightly weekly folio, published in the ex- 
treme westerly part of the county, more than a hundred 
miles from Patten — as the road runs — in 1876, by Mr. 
Stevens. It was the news medium of Newport and 
neighboring towns, nonpartisan, wide awake, and quite 
popular; but there was not patronage by subscriptions 
and advertisements adequate to its support, and in a year 
or so it went to its bourne. Its publisher could not live 
on air simply, even when freighted with sweet promises 
from human lips. It was succeeded late in the year 
1878 by a paper called 

THE E.\GLE, 

which was published a few months by Mr. Marchant, and 
then discontinued. It was a six-column folio. Want of 
support was the complaint of which it died. It was suc- 
ceeded, in 1879, by 

THE NEWPORT TIMES, 

a bright, spicy. Republican newspaper. This was pub- 
lished every Saturday by R. O. Robbins, editor and pro- 
prietor, at $1.50 a year. It supplied its readers with the 
news of the neighboring towns, as its predecessor, the 
News, had done. It was a four-column quarto, well 
printed, fairly edited, and as unobjectionable as a partisan 
journal could well be, but it did not survive its second 
year. It was hinted by some invidious person that it 
died of "chronicles," but the truth is it died of that air 
which was so fatal to the News. 

The town of Newport has many intelligent and enter- 
prising citizens. It is surrounded by thriving towns, with 
intelligent people. It is a good location for a newspaper, 
and ought to have one, but it cannot unless its people 
will make up their minds to sustain it after the novelty 
of its first appearance has worn off", and to overlook an 
occasional mistake, to which all newspapers are liable in 
some form or other. 

COLLEGE REPORTER, 

was the title of a journal published monthly at the State 
College in Orono, under the auspices of the students, 
from 1874 to 1879. It was devoted to the interests of 
the college and students. It was succeeded by 

THE PENDtJLUM, 

which is published annually at the college, and is some- 



what original. It has numerous illustrations, which, if 
preserved, will perpetuate the wit and wisdom of the 
graduating classes, and peradventure of others connected 
with the college. 

The publications of the college, as yet, are only the 
annual reports and catalogues. 

THE WEEKLY HERALD, 

This was a small four-page paper established in Co- 
rinna in March, 1S79, by Fred. J. Whiting, and pub- 
lished at seventy-five cents a year. It was devoted to 
local interests. 

In 1880 Mr. Whiting removed his office into Eagle 
block on Dexter street, and formed a copartnership with 
Mr. A. Phinney, and enlarged the paper from a four- 
column to a six-column folio, and changed its name to 

THE CORINNA HERALD, 

increased the subscription price to $1.25 per year, and 
gave its subscribers more reading matter than the Weekly 
Herald contained. 

Messrs. Whiting & Phinney continued to publish the 
paper in Corinna until July or August, 1881, when it was 
removed to Pittsfield, in Somerset county, and the origi- 
nal name, "Weekly Herald," was restored. 

So far as the writer has had an opportunity to judge, 
the living press of Penobscot county is generally ably 
managed. Individuals will criticise, some this thing, 
some that; but intelligent readers are quite united in 
their condemnation of personal bickering, blackguard- 
ism, vituperation, or passionate denunciation of oppo- 
nents in newspapers as not within the scope of their 
intended patronage, and as not a perquisite of dignified 
editors. 



CHAPTER XV. 

The Newport & Dexter Branch of the Maine Central 
Railroad, under the auspices of the latter company, is to 
be extended northeasterly into Aroostook county. The 
following notice was given the surveying parties about 
the ist of December, 1881, by the Aroostook Pioneer: 

The Presque Isle party have reached Masardis, having covered forty 
miles. They found an easy route from Presque Isle to Ashland with 
one exception— five. miles below the latter town — where there will be 
some heavy work required. From Masardis they will follow the Aroos- 
took valley to 0.\bow. eight miles, thence south in the direction of Pat- 
ten, a town of considerable importance, lying upon the east line of 
Penobscot county, thirty-five miles west of Houlton. The Dexter 
party are working their way toward Patten, which they will reach in 
two or three weeks. The weather has been very favorable, and no seri- 
ous obstacles have been encountered. 



CHAPTER XVI. 
Aaron Littlefield Simpson, son of David and Relief 
Simpson, was born in Dixmont. His father David was 
born in New Hampshire, and came when a young man 
to what was then Frankfort — now Winterport. He w'as 
married to Relief Littlefield just before the War of 181 2. 
Enlisting in that war, he served one year under General 
Hampton, and was in the battles of Shadagee and Stone 
Mill. After his return from the army he moved into what 
is now the town of Dixmont. It was then a wilderness, 
and was owned by proprietors who held the land very 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINfi. 



853 



high. He paid $5 an acre for his farm. Frankfort, a 
distance of fifteen miles, was the nearest market, and life 
was a struggle, the seasons being cold and crops poor. 
David and Relief Simpson had nine children, one daugh- 
ter and eight sons. Aaron L. was the fourth child. He 
spent his boyhood days in aiding to clear and cultivate 
the farm. He was enabled to get only about three 
months' schooling at a distant district school in a year; 
but to make more rapid progress during those few months, 
besides the few branches then taught he took e.xtra 
studies, carrying home his books, and by the open fire- 
light in the evening he tried to get an education. Even 
dipped tallow candles were too expensive to be used for 
such an occasion. After leaving the district schools he 
acquired an academic education, earning the money to 
pay his expenses by teaching schools during the winter 
months and farming during the summer vacations. After 
finishing his academic course he entered the law office 
of John H. Norris, Esq., of Newport, and read law with 
him two years, teaching during the winter months. He 
then came to Bangor and entered the office of Albert W. 
Paine, where he read law one year. He was then admit- 
ted to the Bar in June, 1848, at Bangor. The same year 
he opened a law office in Bangor, where he has remained 
in successful practice ever since. He has been married 
twice, the first time in 1855, by which marriage one 
daughter was born to him. In 1865 he was married in 
Taunton, Massachusetts, to Miss Corelli C. Williams, by 
whom he has had a daughter and a son. All of his 
children are now living. Having been nurtured upon a 
farm, he has never lost his interest in farming, and has 
given much attention to horticulture. He was in the 
civil posse in the Aroostook war. He served three years 
as a member of the State Board of Agriculture, and has 
held many other offices of trust — six years as City Solici- 
tor of Bangor, two ^ears as Chairman of Superintending 
School Committee, and four years as member of the city 
government (one year as President of the Council.) He 
has always manifested a public spirit, taking a great in- 
terest in the affairs of the city, especially her public 
schools. He has always taken a great interest in politics. 
Before the war he was a Democrat. In i860 he voted 
for Stephen A. Douglas for President and acted during 
the first year of the war with the Douglas Democrats, 
and was among the first of them to join the Administra- 
tion party and aided in sustaining the war, taking the 
stump in its support. 



CHAPTER XVII. 
Add the following notices to the bibliography : 
P.\LMER, M.\S0N S. (Corinth). History of Corinth in 
this History of Penobscot County.... A paper on a 
Better Representation of a Pine Tree in the Seal of 
the State of Maine, 1879,. • • The Origin and Design of 
Picnics; 8 pp; Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 1850.... 
The Robin, Thrush, and Wren, a poem, 1878 . . .Sever- 
al addresses. . . . Communications to Bangor Whig and 
Courier, and Piscataquis Observer, Maine; St. Alban's 
Journal, Vermont; Berkshire Eagle, Massachusetts, and 
other newspapers and magazines. 



H.\TCH, Mrs. Eliz.^beth P. (Bangor). Single and 

Married, 1845 The Old Elm, 1847 Household 

Queries. . . .A Home Phase of Slavery; the Despotism 
of Fashion .... How Shall we Amuse Ourselves .... New 
Year's Eve. . . .The Two Homes, with others which have 
appeared in book form. 

[.\dd Guernsey, Frederick R. (Bangor).] Contribu- 
tor to magazines and newspapers . . . . " The Exodus " 
was widely known . . . .On the staff of the Bangor Com- 
mercial, and for a longer period the Boston Herald. 

Emory Mrs. Ad.\ Wis\v.\li, (Bangor). Sea sketches, 
correspondence, etc., for Portland Transcri|)t, and other 
papers and magazines. 

K-\LER, J.\MES (Bangor). A contributor to magazines 
and literary papers. 

McG.Aw, Thornton (Bangor). .A contributor to the 
Knickerbocker Magazine, etc. 

[Add to notice of Rev. Charles C.\rroll Everett, 
D. D.] A discourse on Rev. Leonard Woods, D. D., 
LL. D., delivered before Bowdoin College and the Maine 
Historical Society, 1879, '" volume 8 .Maine Historical 
Collections, 1881; pp. 31. 

[Add to notice of Rev. Dr. Mason, p. 237J. A Com- 
pleted Lite.. ..In memory of Rev. Richard Woodhall, 
Bangor; 15 pp; Rockland, 1873. 



TOWNS AND VILE.\GES. 

[Brewer]. The following addition should be-made to 
the biographical sketch of Mr. William P. Burr: He was 
one of the charter members of the Brewer Savings Bank 
in 1869, and was chosen one of the Trustees, which office 
he has held, with that of President for the past two years, 
since its organization to the present time. 

[C.^RMEl]. Dr. J. P. Benjamin, one of the oldest settlers 
of Carmel, is the son of John Benjamin, of Livermore, 
Maine. He came here about 1807 or 1808. He married 
Rebecca, daughter of Samuel Benson, of Plymouth, Mas- 
sachusetts. They had six children — five girls and one 
boy, viz: Lucette, now Mrs. Cobb, of Bangor; Rebecca, 
now Mrs. Levi Cobb, of Bangor; Esther, wife of Colonel 
.•\very, of Exeter, now deceased ; Sarah, now Mrs. 
Willey, of this town; Susan, now living in Bangor, and 
J. P., the subject of this sketch. Dr. Benjamin was 
born in 1822, and after receiving the education obtained 
in the common schools he attended the academy at 
China, and also the Newport Academy. After leaving 
these schools he studied medicine with John Benson, of 
Waterville, for four years. He attended lectures in 
Brunswick, Maine, at Medical College there; graduated 
at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1S53. He 
then came back here to his native town and began the 
practice of medicine, where he has ever since lived. In 
1855 he married Mary A. Hopkins, daughter of Elisha 
Hopkins, who came here from Hampden. He followed 
the sea before coming here. He opened the second 
store in this town, the first store then being kept by 
John Fuller, who was the first trader here. To this 
union there have been born three children, viz : John F., 
Elmer H., and Linnie, all of whom are now living. Dr. 



•? 



854 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Benjamin has not held public office, always preferring to 
give his entire attention to his profession. 

[Corinth.] — Charles H. Bean is the son of Reuben 
Bean, who came here from New Hampshire about 1830. 
His wife's name was Mary Smith, of New Hampshire. 
They had twelve children — eight boys and four girls, 
viz: Clara, now Mrs. Cheeney; Diana, now Mrs. Mar- 
rows; Diantha, now Mrs. Blake; Mariette, now Mrs. 
Fairbanks ; Augustus, Albert, Sumner, Charles, Reuben, 
Edward and Edwin (twins), and Hobart. Charles H., 
the subject of this sketch, was born in 1835. He 
married Sarah Jane Libby, daughter of Alfred Libby, of 
Charleston. They have two children, having lost two, 
viz : Charles, Medora, Unie, Josie. The two first they 
have buried. Mr. Bean firsc settled in Corinth, where he 
has since lived. He is a farmer, and has a fine farm of 
one hundred and fifteen acres in the south part of 
Corinth. He is a progressive and successful farmer. 

[Eddington]. — The year of birth of Colonel Eddy 
was 1726. He was son of Eleazerand Elizabeth (Cobb) 
Eddy. In April, 1759, he started for Fort Cumberland 
in Nova Scotia, with a company of soldiers he had re- 
cruited, and not as an emigrant. He was on duty as 
Captain of the company until it was discharged Se|)tem- 
ber 30, 1760, after which he bought lands at Fort Cum- 
berland, some of which were owned by his descendants 
as late as 1876. 

It seems that Mr. Williamson, the historian, is in error 
in saying that Colonel Eddy "received no aid noi direct 
encouragement" from the General Court of Massachu- 
setts, in 1776, for his projected expedition against Fort 
Cumberland. On the contrary, he was granted supplies 
of ordnance and commissary stores. 

For much other valuable matter, see the Memoir of 
Colonel Eddy, published in 1877 by Colonel Joseph W. 
Porter, now of Bangor. 

[Garland.] — Calvin P. Berry, of Garland, is a son of 
Stephen A. Berry, who came to Penobscot county with his 
parents in 1824. His grandfather, Stephen Berry, was a 
native of New Hampsliire. He was born in Rochester, 
New Hampshire, in 1771, and died in E.xeter in 1836. 
His wife was Alice Chamberlain, born in 17S0, and died 
in 185 1. Stephen Berry was a Colonel of the New 
Hampshire militia. After coming to Maine, he was for 



many years a surveyor. Of his family Ira now lives in 
Portland; Clementina (Mrs. Harvey) lives in Maxfield, 
and Stephen A., in Garland. Stephen A. Berry was 
born in New Durham, New Hampshire, in 1806, and 
came to this county in 1824, with his parents. He 
married Mary L. Pratt in 1834. The surviving members 
of their family are Calvin P., of Garland; Mary C, now 
Mrs. O. W. Twitchell, of Canibridgeport, Massachusetts; 
Thomas L., of Garland, and Frank S., of Reno, Nevada. 
Two sons, Arthur A. and Stephen G., died in the service 
of their country in the hte war. Mrs. Berry died in 
1863 at the age of fifty-six. Calvin P. Berry was born at 
Garland in 1835. Mr. Berry has been engaged in farm- 
ing, and at the carpenter business. He has served as 
school committee of his town, and was elected to the 
Legislature in 1881 on the Republican ticket. 

[Orono.] — Mr. A. G. Ring, of Orono, is a son of 
George Ring, Jr., and a grandson of George Ring, who 
was a native of Georgetown, Maine. He was born in 
1759, and settled in Orono in 1799. He married Mar- 
garet Foster, who was born in 1763 in Bath. Mr. Ring 
was one of the pioneer lumbermen on the Penobscot. 
He died in Orono in 1812; Mrs. Ring died in 1813. 
George Ring, Jr., father of the subject of this sketch, 
was born in Georgetown, Maine, March 2, 1795, and 
came to Orono in 1799 with his father, when but four 
years old. He married Mary Lancaster June 29, 1820. 
She was born in Bangor May 19, 1795. They had eight 
children, four sons and four daughters, of whom four are 
now living in Orono, viz : A. G., E. T., C. B., and Mrs. 
M. J. Parker. Mr. Ring followed the business of his 
father, and was widely known as a lumberman. He died 
October 6, 1878. Mrs. Ring is still living, being now 
eighty-five years old. A. G. Ring was born in Orono 
June 29, 1821. He married Miss Ann R. Frost Febru- 
ary II, 1849. She was born in Gorhim, Maine, May 
16, 1827. This couple have had five children, viz: Mrs. 
Anna H. Hamilton, of Orono; Miss i\L F. Ring, in 
Minneapolis, Minnesota; Nellie E., Grace P., and Na- 
than A., at home. At the age of sixteen Mr. Ring com- 
menced in the lumber business, working in the mills in 
Orono. He has followed the business in some capacity 
ever since. From 1869 to 1875, '^^ *^'^s ^'^^ ^^ 'he Se- 
lectmen of his town. 



BRADLEY. 



fThe followiii"; addition to the History of Bradley, hy Mr. A. M. .\ustin, of Milford. h.is been received since the preceding sketch was printed] 



Bradley village is situated on the Penobscot River, 
eleven miles from Bangor. The village is in the extreme 
northern part of the town, on the river. The town of Brad- 
ley is on the Penobscot River, a few miles above Bangor, 
between Milford on the north and Eddington on the 
south. It is a little irregular in its form and somewhat 
larger in area than most New England towns. The sur- 
face is not very uneven in its character, though soine of 
it is rocky, and ledges are quite numerous. Its soil is 
not all of the best quality, but there are a number of 
good farms. It is pretty well watered; two streams. 
Great Works and Black man or Nichols Streams, rise not 
far from the southeast corner of the town and cross it 
diagonally, nearly parallel with each other. These streams 
afford numerous sites for manufacturing purposes; there 
being no less than eighteen water-powers on them, of 
which eleven are on Great Works Stream and seven on 
the Blackman Stream. These, with three powers on the 
Penobscot, afford opportunities for manufacturing pur- 
poses of the highest order ; and if they were improved to 
their fullest capacity they would make Bradley one of the 
important manufacturing centers of the country. Water- 
power is the one thing for which Maine is pre-eminent 
above all other States. It is so abundant, in fact, that 
only the most miportant and accessible are of much 
value. This is especially the case in Bradley. Of the 
twenty-one powers in the town, but five or si.x have ever 
been improved. 

The most important and valuable of the water-powers 
of Bradley is the Great Works power so called, on the 
Penobscot between Bradley village and West Great 
Works village in Oldtown. This is one of the best of 
the very valuable powers on that river, and it is the seat 
of a very important manufacturing business. It is in the 
hands of the Great Works Milling and Manufacturing 
Company, one of the most active and enterprising con- 
cerns on the rivers. They have erected and maintain in 
the best possible condition two blocks of sawmills and 
one clapboard- and shingle-mill. In said blocks are 
three gang-mills, one circular saw-mill, and several muley 
and single saw-mills for the manufacture of long lumber, 
with a capacity for twenty-five millions of long lumber, 
besides shingle-, clapboard-, lath-, and stave-mills suffi- 
cient to produce thirty millions in the season of seven 
months — ^day runs only. These mills are operated by 
two Bangor concerns, Messrs. Cutter & Eddy, and 
Messrs. L. & F. N. Strickland, whose business capacity 
is shown in the fact that these mills, though less favor- 
ably situated, as far as railroad facilities are concerned, 



have been kept in operation through all the hard times, 
when nearly all other mills on the river were obliged to 
suspend operations. This power, valuable as it is, might 
be greatly improved by extending the dam down the 
river a quarter of a mile below the mills to a point just 
below the mouth of Great Works Stream. This would 
increase the head and fall two feet, making a total head 
of thirteen feet. It would greatly augment the capacity 
of mill-ponds for storing logs, and perhaps make this the 
most valuable and convenient power for lumber manufac- 
turing purposes on the Penobscot. 

A flourishing village has grown up about these inills. It 
has a population of about seven hundred inhabitants, who 
are mainly dependent on the business furnished by the 
development of this power. 

The only other approach to a village is two miles 
below, at the Blackman mills. There is a store and saw- 
mill that once did a flourishing business, but the cutting 
of the timber in the basin of that stream, and the ten- 
dency of the lumber business at this lime to seek the rail- 
road, have seriously diminished the importance of these 
mills. 

The principal farming section of the town is on the 
road running parallel with the Penobscot, in the western 
part of the town. This is the seat of the earliest settle- 
ment of the town, and contains the oldest and most val- 
uable farms. The section of the town away from the 
Penobscot is mostly forest, it being estimated that four- 
fifths of the town is in an unimproved state. The original 
growth has been cut off, but the second growth has be- 
come available to some extent, and Great Works Stream 
is still the seat of lumbering operations. 

Who was the first pastor to settle within the limits of 
what is now the town of Bradley is a debatable question. 
There has been no record made that is reliable, and the 
memory of the oldest inhabitant does not reach back 
far enough to settle it. It rests only on tradition, and 
traditions are not considered so thoroughly reliable as 
entirely to satisfy the impartial historian. But it is cer- 
tain that the first settlement was made in Bradley while 
the Revolutionary war was being waged. At this time 
Bradley was a part of the territory belonging to the Pe- 
nobscot Indians, and it is probable that the very few set- 
tlers who took possession of portions of the town, if they 
had any recognized rights to the soil they occupied, ac- 
quired it directly from the chief men of the Penobscot 
tribe. 

Prior to 1776 what is now the township of Bradley 
was a part of the six-mile strip, extending from the head 

855 



■■^A 



856 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



of the tide on the left bank to the head of the 
Penobscot River. In the year 1796 it was purchased of 
the authorities of the Penobscot or Tarratine tribe by 
commissioners of the State of Massachusetts, and was 
shortly after surveyed and opened for settlement. It 
was known from this time as No. 4, until its incorpo- 
ration. 

In 1774 the celebrated chief, Orono, was settled just 
across the Penobscot from Bradley, and before the peace 
of 1783 it is probable that the white man's axe had made 
its mark on the virgin forest of this town, and that a log 
cabin had been erected which afforded shelter to some 
hardy pioneer, and was the extreme northern limit of 
civilization on the left bank of the Penobscot when the 
army of Lord Cornwallis was cooped up at Yorktown, 
and the soldiers of France and America were performing 
the gallant deed that gave to the United States an 
undisputed place among the nations of the earth. 

At the time the white man made his appearance within 
the limits of what is now the town of Bradley, Orono 
was at the head of the Penobscot tribe. He was then 
quite old, and was, as he always had been, quite friendly 
to the white settlers. The very few settlers who were in 
this town previous to its purchase by the whites in 1796, 
were not regarded with any but the most friendly feeling.s. 
Before the beginning of the present century, families by 
the name of Oliver, Spencer, Blackman, and probably 
others, were occupying No. 4, Old Indian Purchase, as 
Bradley was then called. 

This was before the era of lumbering, and hunting, 
fishing and (arming were the only avocations open to 
the early settlers. 

Game was abundant and taken without difficulty. In 
the springtime the river abounded in the finest fish, and 
the pioneer settler of those days soon made an opening 
on the bleak hill sides, and the tasscled corn and waving 
rye grew up around the blackened stumps and prostrate 
trunks of trees — all that a.\e and fire had left of trees 
that had battled with the breezes of centuries. 

It is one of the lost arts at this time, but our forefath- 
ers knew how to carve out a living for themselves and 
families on the thin soil of Eastern Maine; and they took 
possession of the wilderness in spite of its cold and in- 
hospitable climate. The first settlers of Bradley were 
not deterred by the rigors of the Northern wilderness. 
For luxuries they cared little, and when the log cabins 
were erected they were satisfied to wait until such time 
as they had wrested from their sterile surroundings the 
means to erect belter and more commodious habitations. 
They were not obliged to clear extensive tracts for pas- 
turing purposes. The wilderness afforded a wide range, 
and marking their cattle they made it a common pasture 
for all who chose to occupy it. The large meadow on 
Great Works Stream was taken possession of for a hay 
field. It was a primitive way of living, but it is these 
primitive methods that have developed a large portion of 
our country. 

At first Bradley progressed slowly. The settlers were 
all on tlie main river, and here they were not at all 
crowded. The pioneer settler is not apt to be. He re- 



quires a large amount of room, and when his neighbors 
become too handy he is pretty sure to advance still 
further into the wilderness. But quite early in the cen- 
tury a settlement was begun several miles up Great 
Works Stream, and a few years afterwards a saw-mill was 
built here. The mill was burnt sometime afterward, but 
it was and is now known as the Buck Mills. 

At the commencement of the last war (1812) quite a 
number of families were occupying N0.4, and were living 
in the way that has been described. Thewar, probably, in 
a measure, retarded the development of the place, and for 
several years after the war the business of the country 
was in such a condition that but little attention was paid 
to the undeveloped region of Eastern Maine. But by 
1820 a tide of emigration was attracted towards the Pe- 
nobscot, and Bradley commenced to make an increase. 
At this time the lumberirg resources of the Penobscot 
began to attract attention and mills had been built at 
various places along the river. 

The manufacturing facilities of the town began to be 
recognized and mills were built at Bradley. At this time 
a man by the name of Wilson had put up a double saw- 
mill on the falls. He also traded in a small way, keep- 
ing a limited stock of goods in his dwelling house. 
Shortly afterwards Frederick Spofford built a saw-mill and 
a small store, and did business on the most extensive 
scale that had yet been done in the township. A mill was 
soon after built in Blackman Stream which, with the mill 
that was built on Great Works Stream by Coolridge, made 
ample saw-mill accommodations for the settlers and pro- 
duced some lumber for export. 

Prior to 1825 Bradley was known as No. 4 Plantation, 
but was probably not legally organized until the year 
just named. In that year John Wilson, Treasurer of Pe- 
nobscot county, informed the inhabitants of No. 4 that 
they must pay a county tax, and that they must organ- 
ize as a plantation by choosing officers and report to him 
or his successors the action taken by them. 

It appears that Thomas S. Cram was acting as Clerk, 
and he accordingly warned the inhabitants to meet and 
perfect their organization. They met according to notice 
and Frederick Spofford was chosen Moderator, Thomas 
S. Cram, Town Clerk; Thomas S. Cram, George Vincent, 
and Frederick Spofford, Assessors; Bradley Blackman, 
Treasurer. Mr. Blackman was Treasurer of the Planta- 
tion and of the town of Bradley for many years, and took 
quite an important part in the early settlement of the 
township. At this time No. 4 was classed with Brewer, 
Orrington, and Eddington, for the purpose of electing a 
Representative to the Legislature. When the Plantation 
was organized it contained two school districts, and 
Moses Knapp and Jordan Grant were chosen School 
Agents. 

From this time the progress of the Plantation was quite 
rapid, and the improvement of the water-power on the 
Penobscot on an extensive scale was the commencement 
of the village of Bradley, or Great Works, as it was for a 
long time and is now sometimes called. 

The organization of the Great Works Milling and 
Manufacturing Conrpany, and the building of the large 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



857 



block of mills about 1833, was a great event for Bradley, 
and established a business that has ever since been kept 
on a flourishing basis. 

The building of these mills started several stores into 
operation. These mills and the business established by 
them made the Plantation ambitious, and a movement 
was started to incorporate a new town. Accordingly the 
Legislature was petitioned for that purpose. This was in 
1834, and on the 3d of February, 1835, the Governor 
signed a bill incorporating the town. 

The inhabitants of the town, at a meeting held on the 
29th of lune, 1835, accepted the act of incorporation, 
and organized by choosing the proper officers. At this 
meeting Nelson C. Pratt was chosen Moderator; Joseph 
Williams, Clerk; Joseph Williams, Reuben Pratt, and 
yohn D. Carter, Selectmen; Bradley Blackman, Treasurer. 

It is said that the town was named Bradley as a com- 
pliment to Bradley Blackman, one of the oldest settlers, 
who had been one of the prominent citizens of the Planta- 
tion. The Blackmans were among the earliest settlers, 
and there are now and always have been quite a number 
of families by that name resident in the town. 

The condition of business at the time the town was in- 
corporated was very flourishing. It was a period of ac- 
tivity and speculation. Everything was run on the high- 
pressure principle. The timber land of the Penobscot 
Valley was in great demand, and purchasers were flock- 
ing thither from all parts of the country. Prices, too, 
were inflated to the utmost, and when the panic of 1837 
came the crash that ensued was sharp and sudden. Be- 
fore the collapse everybody (for every person was specu- 
lating in something, either timber land or town lots) was 
rich. After this, all but the very few fortunate ones who 
had sold at the right moment were poor. It was quite a 
blow to Bradley village, then just developing, for the 
times for several years following were quite hard. But 
the mills which had just been built were kept running, 
and in a few years matters began to improve again. At 
this time the mills were all single saws, which were just 
adapted to the logs then cut. All the lumber cut on the 
river was pine of the largest size and of a quality that 
would astonish the lumbermen of the present day. It 
was sawed into such lumber as the market called for, 
made into immense rafts at the foot of the mills, floated 
by the current of the river to Bangor, where it was 
shipped to Boston and such other ports as required. 

Bradley was invariably fortunate in one thing — the 
mills at the village have always been in good hands. At 
this time the owners were practical lumbermen, and en- 
gaged in the business themselves. In many of the other 
towns on the river the mills have been and are now 
owned by capitalists who rent saws to parties who oper- 
ate them by cutting or buying logs which they manufac- 
ture into lumber. This lumber they run to Bangor to 
commission merchants, who sell for them at a com- 
mission on long lumber of five per cent. Rents and com- 
missions take a large part of the profits and in dull 
times saws are not always rented. But in Brad- 
ley the mills have generally been run. The owners 
being engaged in the lumber busine.ss themselves have 
108 



kept the mills in good condition and kept them in oper- 
ation, the only difference to them being that in dull 
times the ledger showed a smaller percentage of profit. 

In 1S39 George Vmcent, one of the prominent citizens 
of Bradley, was a candidate for Representative to the 
State Legislature for the district in which Bradley was 
included, but he was not elected. The next year Brad- 
ley was more fortunate, and Hiram Emety was chosen 
to the same otifice. Mr. Emery was connected with the 
mills at Bradley at that time, and was quite an important 
citizen of the town. He was chosen to all the important 
offices in the gift of the inhabitants, and was Town Clerk 
for a long series of years; the records written down by 
him are models which future clerks may well imitate. 

The period extending from 1840 to 1850 was a pros- 
perous one; the mills were kept running to their full ca- 
pacity. The Bradley lumbermen were active and enter- 
prising, and the village of Bradley, or Great Works, that 
was growing up around the large block of mills on the 
river made quite an increase in this decade. The farm- 
ing population of the town also made some improvements 
in the appearance and condition of the land they culti- 
vated; but the abundance of lumber and the facilities 
for producing it have caused farming to be regarded as 
a matter of little importance in almost all the towns on 
the upper Penobscot. But a change is beginning to be 
felt in this respect, and the scarcity and diminished cut 
of lumber will soon give to farming the respect and im- 
portance to which it is entitled. 

Some changes in the machinery of the mills were 
made at this time. Gang mills had come into vogue as 
an improvement on the old single saw, and iron wheels 
were rapidly taking the place of the old wooden flutter 
wheel. The primitive form of iron wheel would be re- 
garded as quite a curiosity in these days of turbines and 
improved turbines; but they were received with great 
favor at the time of their introduction, and indeed they 
were well adapted to the privileges then generally in use 
on the Penobscot, where water was so abundant at all 
seasons of the year, that but little heed was taken to save 
it. The operators in Bradley at this time were Eddy & 
Murphy, Newell Avery, and others. 

Eddy & Murphy afterwards went to Michigan and en- 
gaged in lumbering there. Mr. Murphy is still a resident 

of that State, and is one of the solid men of that section. 
I 
.\t a later date .\very also went to Michigan, where he 

likewise engaged in the lumber business. He was very 
fortunate and became quite wealthy. At that time and 
a little later, when the West was being ojiened up to set- 
tlement, and its natural advantages for lumbering on an 
extensive scale were being availed of, it was often the 
case that many of the most successful operators were 
from the Penobscot country, the experience acquired 
there insuring them success in the newer and richer 
country. Others besides those named went from Brad- 
ley to Michigan and the Northwest, and have been more 
successful, probably, in the newer and richer West than 
they would have been on the Penobscot. By the year 
1850 the Bradley mills were in outward appearance 
nearly the same as they are now, and the internal arrange- 



858 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



merit did liot present a very great difference. They con- 
tained more single saws, and less short lumber was pro- 
duced than at the present time. The large block on the 
main river, the small mill near the mouth of Great Works 
Stream, owned by Nehemiah Kittredge, and the mills on 
Blackman's Stream, were all actively employed. The 
lumber business was good, and until 1857 there was no 
time that lumber was not in demand. Everybody was 
employed who wished to work, at good wages. But the 
town did not grow so fast as it did the preceding decade; 
but that is easily accounted for. The lumber business 
had reached its maxunum limit. All the water-powers 
below the boom were occupied by saw-mills. A quantity 
of logs sufficient to stock the mills was cut each year. 
This is the reason why the villages on the Penobscot, 
which started up so rapidly with the building of a block 
of saw-mills, have made no greater progress. The lum^ 
ber business soon reached the point where no increase 
could be made, and when that point was reached but 
little progress was made afterwards. So it was with 
Bradley. Its period of rapid growth had passed, and itn 
growth from this time forward if sure was to be slow. 

The manifestations from which Spiritualism took its 
rise had happened a short time before this, and when the 
new doctrine began to be accepted as spiritual or relig- 
ious belief, it found many adherents in Bradley. Hosea 
B. Emery, an enterprising merchant and one of the lead- 
ing citizens of Bradle}', was one of the firmest believers in 
the new faith, and his influence had much to do with the 
strong hold that Spiritualism took in Bradley. His 
house was a headquarters of the new belief, and medi- 
ums and lecturers were always welcome. By him and 
many others Spiritualism was earnestly believed, and ii 
always has been, and is now accepted by many of the 
citizens of Bradley. 

In 1 85 1 Bradley was classed with the towns of Hol- 
den, Clifton, Eddington, Milford, and Greenbush, into a 
representative district, and the same classification ha,s 
been maintained ever since. Arrangements were made 
in the first conventions held, by the different parties after 
the classification, assigning years in which the different 
towns should be entitled to nominate the candidates 
for Representatives. As inatters were arranged Bradley 
was entitled to the candidates in 1853 and 1858. Edwin 
Eddy was chosen by the District in 1853, and also in 1858. 
In 1853 he was elected by the Democrats, and in 1858 
by the Republican party. The town of Bradley, as well 
as the district of which it is a part, had been pretty uni- 
formly Democratic until the formation of the Republican 
party, when a change occurred, and this town, as well a.s 
the district, has rolled up a strong majority for the Re- 
publicans nearly ever since. 

At the March nreeting in 1857 the electors of the town 
by vote instructed the Selectmen to authorize one man 
to sell spirituous liquors and "to shut up all other places 
so as not to leak a drop." 

No tavern has ever been kept here, and Bradley has an 
excellent record as a temperance town, though at times 
there have been shops that retailed ardent spirits. But the 
general sentiment of the town has always been opposed to 



the selling or drinking of spirituous liquors as a beverage. " 
The vote of the town was, perhaps, obeyed that year, but 
since then there have been places that leaked to an ex- 
tent that can hardly be measured by drops, yet these , 
places have not been allowed to have a long run, and of 
late years the town has been generally free from places - 
of this kind. 

Bradley has never been encroached upon by railroads. 
In its plantation days a project was formed and a charter 
obtained for a railroad from Bucksport to Milford, fol- 
lowing the Penobscot River on the eastern shore. This 
railroad would have crossed the western part of Bradley, 
and would at this time be a great help to the lumbei bus- 
iness, but it was never built, and as a railroad has been 
built on the other bank of the river it perhaps never 
will be. Before the building of the European & North 
American Railway, an express was run in connection 
with the Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad, and 
though rather a roundabout way to Bangor, it was bet- 
ter than no railroad. The building of the European & 
North American Railway has made a more convenient 
conveyance, a ferry connecting Bradley with the village of 
West Great Works, in Oldtown, which is a station on that 
road. It has been proposed to build a bridge across the 
Penobscot here. This would afford Bradley all the rail- 
way facilities needed, and perhaps it will soon be done. 

The census taken in i860 showed only an increase 
of six and one-fourth per cent, in the population of the 
town, but the increase in valuation was much larger, 
showing that the wealth of the town increased faster than 
the population. 

In 1861 the war for the preservation of the Union 
commenced, and the Government called for the support 
of all its citizens. Bradley did not waver in the least in 
its support, and all the regiments raised in the eastern part 
of the State contained its representatives. On the vari- 
ous battlefields in which they were engaged they fought 
faithfully, and the town has reason to be proud of its 
part in the w-ar. The war lasted longer than many sup- 
posed it would, and calls for men came thick and fast. 
Volunteers did not come forward fast enough to supply 
the demand, and a draft was ordered; but drafts were 
never popular in this section, and at a later date volun- 
teers were raised, but at an immense cost. A large debt 
was incurred as a legacy of the war, but it was cheerfully 
borne and the taxation made necessary by it was paid in 
later years without murmuring. 

The first yea; of the war was a hard one as far as the 
lumber business was concerned, but the subsequent years, 
of great activity in business. The immense disburse- 
ments of the Government, and the large issues of paper 
money, made this a period of great activity, and had not 
every household been lamenting the absent ones, it might 
have been regarded as a time of happiness and prosperity. 

In 1 86 1 Edwin Eddy was again elected Representa- 
tive to the Legislature, being the third time he had been 
thus honored. 

In 1865 the war ended and many families were made 
happy in Bradley by the return of the loved ones. But 
not all of those who went forth so gladly and bravely 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



859 



wlien their country called returned; some had fallen in 
the contest, and the "sacred soil'' of Virginia was their 
last resting place. But though they returned not, they 
live still in the hearts of those who kne\v and loved them, 
and in the grateful memories of all who love their coun- 
try. The year 1S65 was a good one for business, though 
many predicted the contrary. But the prosperity occa- 
sioned by the immense expenditures of the war was still 
kept up, and the year following was one of the best as 
far as business was concerned. There was no drought, j 
and an immense stock of logs was in the river. Orders I 
for lumber were plenty, and lumbermen generally were 
making money. 1 

.\bout this tnne a lodge of (lood Templars was 1 
started in Bradley village, and since that time it has 
generally been kept in a flourishing condition. This 
fart speaks volumes tor the citizens of Bradley, as 
it requires deep interest and active efTort in temperance 
work to maintain a lodge of Good Templars in good 
working condition for so long a tune in so small a place. 
To do this the town must be pervaded by a good, 
healthy temperance sentiment; and there is no doubt 
but Bradley is in an e.xcellent position as far as the tem- 
perance question is concerned. 

In 1867 limes were still good and the Bradley Mills, 
then operated by Cutler, Thatcher & Co., and Babb & 
Strickland, two Bangor concerns, were kept in active 
operation. All other branches of business were good also. 
The village was improving in appearance and increasing, 
though somewhat slowly, in population. The farmers, 
too, were prosperous and busy. 

.\t this time a project was started to build a hall at the 
village, the need of which was severely felt. It was 
started by the right persons, and was pushed forward to 
a successful completion. It is a large and convenient 
hall, and is just where it was needed by the village. 
It stands on the main street in a convenient and accessi- 
ble location. When completed it was called Union Hall 
in honor of the unity of spirit and sentiment that charac- 
terized its builders. 

In 1868. Bradley again had the honor of sending a 
Representative to the Legislature. Francis Blackman 
was chosen to represent the district by a large majority. 

The lumber business continued good, and in 1870 
Messrs. Sawyer & Sons built a steam mill on Great Works 
Stream, near its entrance to the main river. It was the 
first steam mill ever built in Bradley, but it was not a 
success financially. Bradley is so plentifully supplied 
with water power that there seems to be no need of 
steam power. 

The census of 1870 showed only a small increase in 
the number of inhabitants, but twenty-three having been 
added during the ten years preceding; but the valuation 
had increased $52,000, showing that the town had been 
and was in a pretty prosperous condition. Matters re- 
mained in much the same condition for the next three 
years; the currency of the country was still in an inflated 
condition, and but few foresaw the financial stringency 
that must be endured before the water would be evapo- 
rated from the business of the country. 



In 1873 the panic came, and the five succeeding years 
were years of dullness and depression. It was the dullest 
period that was ever felt in the country, and labor was 
duller, perhaps, than anything else. In hard times food 
is as absolutely necessary as at any time; clothing cannot 
be conveniently dispensed with ; but new houses are not 
built, and old ones are not repaired much, when every 
energy is employed to drive the wolf from the door. 

But Bradley did not feel the hard times nearly so 
much as most of the other towns on the river. In the 
depressed state of the labor market and the intense com- 
petition of unemployed labor, wages must and did 
fall to a very low figure; but the mills at Bradley were in 
the right hands, owned and operated by the same men. 
They were kept running when most others were shut 
down. The hard times seemed to make but little dif- 
ference with the Bradley mills. Logs were still bought 
and driven to the mill, and the cut of lumber was nearly 
as large as in the palmiest period of the lumber trade; 
and that, too, right in the face of the fact that the mills 
were not connected with any railroad, and most of the 
lumber was transported to market in the old-fashioned 
mannerof theprimitive lumberman. It speaks in thehigh- 
est terms of the business ability of the operators of the 
Bradley mills, that tliey were able to saw so much when 
most other concerns were doing little or nothing. 

In 1873 Bradley sent another Representative to the 
Legislature in the person of Job Brawn. He was elected 
by a handsome majority, and made an excellent member. 

In 1875 the Baptist peo[)le of Bradley began to think 
themselves able to support a church organization. They 
accordingly took the necessary steps to perfect one. 
June 12 a meeting was held, and J. M. Bragg, E. A. 
Bragg, John Coulter, Hannah Coulter, Peter Curtis, 
Lizzie Curtis, Sarah S.iwyer, M. Welch, Cvnthia Mcin- 
tosh, Ida Bean, Clara Gilman, Nettie \Nelch, Lillian Col- 
lins, and Warren Davis formally organized themselves 
into a church. J. M. Bragg was deacon, and Rev. Mr. 
Preston, of Oldtown, was the first pastor. This was the 
first church organization in the town, but meetings had 
always been held, though somewhat irregularly at times. 
The religious condition of the town was always on a par 
with the neighboring towns, and the reason that a church 
had not been organized before was because so many dif- 
ferent sects were represented. The new church has 
regularly kept up its meetings, and though not strong 
enough to support a pastor by itself, by connecting itself 
with Oldtown but few Sabbaths have passed without the 
presence of a minister of the Gospel. 

The Centennial year presented no notable features, as 
far as Bradley was concerned. It was the dullest of dull 
years, and was greatly lamented by those dependent on 
the lumber business for support. 

The succeeding year was a slight improvement on the 
preceding, but it presented many features that make its 
memory disagreeable to the lumberman. 

The next year, 1878, was the year that the Greenback 
wave swept over Maine, and Bradley, for the first time 
for many years, failed to roll up a majority for the Re- 
publicans. 



86o 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The next year showed a decided improvement in lum- 
ber and all other branches of business. The mills were 
run to their fullest capacity, everybody was employed, 
and wages were slightly better. 

In November of this year James J. Norris was mur- 
dered in a most shocking manner. Mr. Norris was one 
of the most capable and respected citizens of Bradley, 
and had been the recipient of all the offices in the gift 
of the town. He had been Representative to the Legis- 
lature in 1863, and at the time of his death was Treas- 
urer of the town, which office he held for a number of 
years. He was resident agent for Messrs. Cutler & Eddy, 
managing their extensive business in Bradley. In this 
position he handled large sums of money, and generally 
had money on hand, which he kept in the safe in the 
office. Joseph Bolduc, a Frenchman from Canada, who 
had been employed in the mills but had lately been dis- 
charged, conceived the idea that Mr. Norris was the 
cause of his discharge, and determined to have revenge. 
Mr. Norris was accustomed to write late in his office in 
the evening, and Bolduc, knowing his habit, secured an 
axe and awaited him outside the office. Between 9 and 
10 p. M. Mr. Norris finished his labor and started for 
home. He was met by Bolduc, who struck him with the 
axe and in a moment laid him dead on the spot. He 
then burst open the safe and rifled it of its contents. Mr. 
Norris was found in the morning, and Bolduc took the 
early train for Quebec. But suspicion was attracted 
toward him, and by means of the telegraph he was over- 
hauled at Newport and arrested. He was tried, found 
guilty, and is now in the State prison at Thomaston, 
serving out a life sentence. 

The succeeding year, 1880, was one of great activity. 



The demand for lumber was greater than the supply, and 
all branches of business were in a flourishing condition. 
The drought was severe, but a large cut of lumber was 
produced by the Bradley mills, they being in such excel- 
lent condition that they are not much affected by a 
drought. 

Frank Livermore was cliosen Representative to the 
Legislature, it being Bradley's turn to select the candi- 
date. 

In the winter of 1880-81 the capacity of the mills for 
the production of lumber was enlarged by the addition 
of a circular saw-mill to the machinery. The season of 
1 88 1 was one of the most favorable for sawing ever 
known. The river was at a high pitch, and the burning 
of the mills at West Great Works, on the other side of 
the river, made the water at Bradley even better than at 
other places on the stream. An unprecedentedly large 
cut was the result, which has been sold at remunerative 
prices. 

The Baptist society erected a church on a pleasant lo- 
cation in the village. It is a quite handsome and con- 
venient structure, and is an ornament and honor to the 
village. 

Bradley is now in a prosperous condition. The mill 
property is in the best of hands, and all other kinds of 
business flourishing. The town has improved much in 
appearance, and there is reason to believe that it is grow- 
ing faster than at any time since 1840; and with its spir- 
itual, moral, and intellectual condition constantly improv- 
ing as they are, it must be one of the most pleasant towns 
in the county to live in. It is not a large town, but still 
has natural advantages that, improved as they ought to 
be, will make it a populous and important place. 



f 




DR. GEORGE A. HAINES. 



DEXTER. 



[The following valuable contribution to the History of Dexter, by \'olney A. Sprague. Esq., of that town, was received too late for insertion in its 

proper place.] 



From the date of the first settlement in Maine, by 
George Popham, in the year 1607. to the year 1760, the 
history of Maine presents a rapid succession of Indian 
wars, wherein savage cunning and hate mingles strangely 
with Anglo-Saxon pluck. At that time the power of the 
natives became completely broken, and they continued to 
exist merely a band of mendicants, subsisting on the 
bounty of their conquerors. Up to this time the Dis- 
trict of Maine was organized in only one county, the 
county of York. 

In 1760 the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln 
were organized, Lincoln to contain all the State east of 
Cumberland. Thus Dexter was in Lincoln county till 
1790, when the county of Hancock was formed, so that 
the settlement of Dexter was commenced when included 
in the territory of Hancock county. The county of 
Penobscot was organized in 1816 with Bangor for a 
shire-town, its limits including the county of Piscataquis. 
We need say nothing more of the county. 

The town of Dexter until its settlement was of course 
an unbroken wilderness, with occasional tracts of excel- 
lent timber, consisting of pine, spruce and juniper. It 
being the highest land between the Penobscot and Ken- 
nebec rivers, the tribes of Norridgewock and of Penob- 
scot both claimed it as their hunting-ground, and we can 
only imagine the conflicts that may have taken place with- 
in our town limits, between those tribes in asserting their 
rights. Indian hunters sometimes used the stream and 
small lakes connected with it in their passage from the 
Kennebec to the Penobscot, and occasionally used the 
Dexter stream, but their usual course was to ascend the 
Sebasticook to Pittsfield ; take the west branch to Moose 
Pond in Harmony, then by way of Main Stream to the 
nearest point on the Piscataquis river, thence down that 
river to the Penobscot. This way was circuitous, but 
they preferred a route like this, as they traveled mostly in 
canoes. The fact that Dexter is the highest ground be- 
tween the two rivers is shown by the waters in the east 
part of the town running into the Penobscot, and those 
of the west running into the Kennebec. Indeed, on the 
farm of N. G. Brackett a rivulet divides, a moiety flowing 
into each river. 

There is a question about the year in which the first 
settlement was made in Dexter, which we are not at 
present prepared to discuss. The exterior lines were 
surveyed in 1792 by Samuel Weston, and like all other 
towns in this part of the county, contains thirty-six square 
miles. The actual area is about 25,000 acres. The 



township, then known as No. 4, Range 5, north of the 
Waldo patent, soon after passed into the hands of pro- 
prietors by a contract from the State of Massachusetts, 
The original contract for the purchase of the territory of 
Dexter was made by James Bridge, the date of which I 
have not yet learned. Under this contract was granted 
a patent to Amos Bond and others, on the loth day of 
March, 1804. 

The township was surveyed into lots by Simeon Saf- 
ford,_ in 1803. 

In the year 1799, the proprietors wishing to encourage 
immigration to the plantation, not only offered liberal in- 
ducements in lands to settlers, but also sent Samuel 
Elkins, a mill-wright, from Cornville to look up a site 
and build mills. He selected the outlet of what is now 
known as Silver Lake, and commenced immediate oper- 
ations. But little more was done that year than to clear 
away the underwood, fell and hew timber, and build a 
camp of hemlock bark. It is also urged that Ebenezer 
Small came and began work on a clearing in that year, 
but he certainly came the next year, cleared a small 
piece of land, and planted a crop. In this year, 1800, 
also came into town John Tucker, who felled trees on 
the farm owned by John Shaw; also Samuel Elkins, who 
cleared a patch on the site of the grist-mill. He also 
continued his preparations for erecting the proposed 
mill. 

Mr. Small built a house of unhewn logs, filling the 
interstices with clay and covering with hemlock bark. 
He also built a hovel, with poles inclined and secured at 
the top with elm and wickerby bark. In these humble 
structures he laid up the first crop raised in Dexter. 
These were the first buildings. 

We cannot avoid the conclusion that Mr. Small, who 
moved from Alton, New Hampshire, to Athens, in 1799, 
on his way to Dexter, really felled a patch of woods in 
the same year, on the hillside now owned by Josiah 
Crosby; that in the year 1800 he raised corn there, felled 
more trees, built his camp just north of the Stone Mill, 
and upon the crusted snows of the following spring, 1801, 
hauled his wife from Harmony, the nearest unobstructed 
point to his camp, fourteen miles, on a hand sled. This 
is as the story goes, but in fact Mrs. Small walked a good 
part of the way on snow shoes. 

They lived here about three years when he built a 
house on the hill, near the residence of Hiram Bassett, 
and several years later occupied the farm now owned by 
Charles C. Hatch, where he lived for many years. 

86z 



862 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



\Ve accord to the- plucky Small Lhe no mean piaiac of 
clearing the first land, raising the first crop, building the 
first dwelling, and hauling the first white woman into 
Dexter. 

We accord to his energetic wife the praise of being the 
first white woman that stepped on our native soil, that 
bore the first child, and took the first slide on a hand- 
sled. 

The ladies of De.xter, her fair representatives, continue 
to honor her example by coasting down the hills of our 
village, in spite of town ordinance or constable. 

The child born was Joannah Small, who married and 
is now living in Springfield, Maine. Mrs. Small at- 
tacked, single handed, a halfgrown bear, and succeeded 
in dispatching him. 

In I So I good progress was made on the mills. Mr. 
Tucker built a small house, and the succeeding year 
moved his family in, being the second family in town. 
Mr. Elkins, on account of failing health, did not return 
in 1802, but his brother, John Elkins, came and com- 
pleted a saw- and grist mill in one building, located on 
the site of the late saw-mill. The town after that was 
known as Elkinstown. 

One of the great disadvantages labored under, was the 
difficulty of transportation. A road had been cut out 
from Bangor to Corinth, and a winter road continued to 
Garland. From Garland to No. 4, six miles, the mill irons 
had to be transported on horseback. The first mill crank 
was brought into town balanced on a horse, a man support- 
ing each end, while a third led the horse. Millstones 
were manufactured from native granite. Soon after the 
mill was completed, it was sold to Jonathan Snow, who 
lived in a log cabin near the mill until 1804, when he 
built the first framed house, near where Mrs. B. F. Morton's 
house now stands. 

In the year 1806, the barn of Samuel Copeland was 
burned, and Mr. Snow was so strongly suspected of being 
the incendiary, that, fearing trouble, he sold his property 
to Wiggins Hill and moved to Massachusetts; afterward 
he was convicted of a crime there, and sentenced to the 
penitentiary. While there, he was visited by Hon. 
' Seba French, of Dexter, to whom he confessed that he 
was guilty of burning Mr. Copeland's barn. 

In the spring of 1803, Seba French, of Washington, 
New Hampshire, moved into town, making his way from 
Harmony through snow so deep that he was three days 
in reaching John Tucker's house, and another day in 
getting to his camp three miles east on the farm of A. L. 
Barton. During the summer Cornelius Coolidge, Charles 
and Stephen Fletcher, Simeon, Theophilus, and John 
Morgan, moved into town from Hallowell. During the 
years 1803-4-5, Samuel Copeland, Simeon and John Saf- 
ford, and Hugh Maxwell, moved from Washington, New 
Hampshire, to Dexter. E. W. Sprague also came from 
Greene. Mr. Copeland had a large family of boys and 
girls, who married and settled in Dexter. They have 
nearly all passed away, only two remaining — Mrs. Emma 
Beals, of Corinna, and Chauncy Copeland, of Dexter, 
Michigan. 

About the year 1807 immigration had increased with 



bucli rapidity that the inhabitants concluded to enjoy 
some of the luxuries of life, so laid out a road from Gar- 
land to Dexter, built a school-house near the house of 
the late Justin Whitcomb. This house stood there for 
more than fifteen years, and did duty for the whole town 
as town-house, church, and school-house, united. 
; From this time the affairs of Elkinstown continued to 
I prosper. The people were hardy and industrious, ever 
ready to extend to each other a helping hand, so that 
the town was as free from cases of actual distress as could 
be expected. Wiggins Hill, during a residence of two 
years in Dexter, cleared eight acres of land east of the 
Abbott mill and built a house near the present residence 
of the late Jeremiah Abbott. 

He then sold the mill to Andrew Morse, who built 
j the house now owned by D. D. Flynt, which is now be- 
! lieved to be the oldest two-story house in town, being 
seventy-one years old. 

The War of 181 2 affected the settlers of Dexter very 
little until the news came that the British fleet was as- 
cending the Penobscot River toward Bangor. Filfeen 
men immediately volunteered to go to Hampden, where 
the militia were to rendezvous, but they, meeting the 
Americans in full retreat, and feeling that prudence 
required them to join the strongest jiarty, retreated 
also. 
j Up 10 this time what public work had been done 
j was by voluntary contributions. But on the 17th day 
; of June, 1 81 6, just lour months and ten days after 
Penobscot county had been established, the Plantation 
of Elkinstown was incorporated into the town of Dexter. 
Previous to this, great interest had been taken in the 
name of the town by the settlers. Mrs. Small claimed 
the right to name the town, and she was supported by 
most of the women. But alas, women could not vote, 
so she failed. Her choice was Alton, from her native 
town in New Hampshire. The Federalists voted for the 
i name of Gower, t'rom the Federal Governor in Massa- 
chusetts, while the Republicans went for Dexter, from 
. Samuel Dexter, the Republican candidate for Governor. 
So you see that Republicans were in the majority in 
those days as now. 

The first test vote is recorded as follows, A])ril 7, 1S17: 
Votes given for Governor: For Major-General Henry 
j Dearborn, 26; for his Excellency John Brooks, 17. We 
must remember that his Excellency was the then Gov- 
ernor. 

This record is signed, Elijah W. Sprague, Town Clerk, 
and as I happen to know that his organ of reverence 
was decidedly small, it is a matter of surprise that he 
should spread such high-sounding titles upon the town 
books. 

On the 1 6th day of April, 181 6, a petition signed by 
Seba French and Samuel Copeland was presented to 
Isaac Wheeler, of Garland, a Justice of the Peace, to 
call a meeting of the legal voters of the town to organize 
under its charter. The warrant was directed as follows: 

Penobscot ss. To Captain Samuel Copeland, one of the inhabitants 
of the Township numbered four, in the fifth range, north of the Waldo 
patent, and by a late act of the General Court incorporated by the 
name of Dexter, and being in said county of Penobscot. Greeting. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



863 



The first town meeting was held August 23, 1816. 
Andrew Morse was chosen Moderator; John Bates Town 
Clerk and Treasurer; Andrew Morse, Cornelius Coolidge, 
and Scha French, Selectmen : Elijah W. Sprague, Con- 
stable. 

On the 2d day of September, 1816, the town was 
called ujjon to vote on the question ol" separation from 
the State of Massachusetts. The vote was as follows : 
Yeas 27, nays o. 

This 3'ear is known as the cold year. The winter was 
very severe; the spring opened late and backward. As 
late as the nth of June a severe snow storm occurred, 
snow fiiUing several inches deep, and remaining on the 
ground for more than twenty-four hours. The corn, 
which was the farmer's main deiJcndence, fiiiled to ripen, 
and It seemed that in the autinnn starvation was at the 
doors of the poor people. But some of the best fanners 
had raised good crops of wheat, and this, scattered 
around, averted the danger. When 1817 opened cold 
and backward, such men as I'rcnch, Coolidge, Copeland, 
and Morse, gave and lent wheat to their poorer neigh- 
bors for seed, and a much greater breadth of wheat was 
sown this year and a less quantity of corn. 

Is it not a credit to those brave men that but one man 
in the whole town attempted to take advantage of the uni- 
versal distress, and obtain an e.xtra price for the grain he 
had to sell? Corn in the year 1816-17 was brought from 
Virginia to Bangor and Augusta, by water, and so found 
its way into the country, where it brought the then great 
price of a dollar per bushel, besides the e.xpense of trans- 
portation. A farmer would start for Bangor, Augusta or 
Norridgewock, they being the nearest markets, ride horse- 
back, buy a horse-load of corn, and then walk home by 
the side of the horse, balancing the grain on its back. 

In 1817 Jonathan Farrar bought the mill property of 
.Vndrew Morse and the carding-mill of James C. Hill, 
and being possessed of some means, commenced a sys- 
tem of permanent iin|)rovements; dug the canal, built the 
grist-mill pond, built a new- saw-mill and grist-mill, 
opened a store, and so induced a rapid settlement of the 
town. 

But, strange as it may seem, and as poor as the people 
then were, the articles mostly sold in his store were 
liquors, and the special liquor was New England rum. It 
was said that he would tap a hogshead at each end, sell 
one end for forty-two cents and the other for fifty 
cents pel gallon, and even in those days there were peo- 
ple so fond of luxuries that he sold out the fifty-cent end 
first. He enjoyed this joke as well as any one. He was 
a sharp, shrewd business man, but fair and honorable in 
all his dealings, and in all business matters was respected 
and trusted by all classes; and although as a merchant he 
catered to the universal custom of di inking, he was a 
strictly temperate man — not temperance man, as the 
cause of temperance was then unknown. His means en- 
abled him to carry a large stock for those days, and 
" Farrar's Store'' was known and patronized by the in- 
habitants of all the surrounding towns. He accumulated 
a large fortune, and in 1835 was reputed to be worth 
$200,000. In religious belief he was a Univcrsalist, and 



the flourishing condition of that society was largely due 
to his munificence. 

One little incident came under the writer's personal 
notice. Soon after the organi/atioii ol the society, at 
a meeting of the managing committee, some one (I think 
Dr. Ci. M. Burleigh) proposed raising by subscription a 
sum ol m jney to b.iy a small library of denoninational 
works for the use of the society. Esquire Farrar (as he 
was always called) immediately answered the proposition 
by offering to give one hundred dollars if the other mem- 
bers would give fifty. His proposal was at once ac- 
cepted. 

He was the senior member of the firm of Farrar & 
Cutler, formed in 1835 for manufacturing woolen goods, 
which is now known as the De.xter Woolen Mills Cor- 
poration. He died in 1839. He came originally from 
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, but resided in Bloomfield 
for some time before taking up his residence in Dexter. 

In 18 1 7 the town was divided into five school districts, 
but no other school-house was built until 1822, when one 
was erected in the village district, No. 6, about on the 
spot occupied by Josiah Crosby's office. The first physi- 
cian, Benjamin Clement, located in Dexter in 1816. 
Doctor Ciilman M. Burleigh moved into town in 1818, 
and up to the time of his death in 1S72 he was more or 
less connected with the public business of the town. He 
was an active, influential citizen, and until near the close 
of life was yearly elected to some town office. 

l\vo events happened in 18 18. One, a wagon passed 
through the town, being the first one ever seen in Dexter, 
causing more astonishment among the little folks than 
Barnum's circus would now. The other, a mail route 
was established from Bangor to Harmony through De.x- 
ter, and a post-office opened, Jonathan Farrar being ap- 
|)ointed postmaster. The mail was carried on horseback 
till 1828. 

The year 1820, Beiijamin Greene opened a tavern in 
the two-story house now standing on the hill east of the 
village. I believe the house was built the year before. 
The population ot the town now was about five hundred, 
and its valuation $132,876. 

The village consisted of four dwellings and seven otlier 
buildings. Some of the dwellings had a room or two 
finished, but there was not a complete house in town. 
This year, the last under the jurisdiction of Massachu- 
setts, a town meeting was called at the house of Benjamin 
Greene, and the constable is directed "to warn the male 
inhabitants of the age of twenty-one, and who are liable 
to be taxed, and who have resided in town one year, to 
meet," etc. 

In the record of the next meeting it commenced as 
follows : " In the name of the Com.," then that 
is erased, and "State " follow-s. The clerk had been so 
much in the habit of writing Commonwealth, that he 
forgot that Maine had become an independent State. 

.\t the town meeting in 1821 we find the following 
curious vote : "Article 14, on motion, voted to raise 
four hundred dollars for the support of schools, and one 
hundred to defray town charges, and to be paid in grain, 
delivered at the 'i'own Treasurer's office, between the 



864 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



twentieth and the thirty-first days of January next, at the 
following prices, namely, wheat at six shillings per bushel, 
rye at five per bushel, and corn at four per bushel, and 
the Town Treasurer to be sole judge of the quality of 
said grain." 

In 1820 Jeremiah and Amos Abbott came mto town 
from Andover, Massachusetts, bought the carding-mill 
and saw-mill, and the upper water privilege. They were 
the originals of the firm of Amos Abbott & Co., which is 
still in existence, as one of the oldest firms in the State, 
being sixty-one years old. Amos Abbott died in 1865, and 
Jeremiah in 1879, but George, the son of Amos, and Job, 
the son of Jeremiah, carry on the business, and as each 
of them have a son, who take actively to the business, 
they bid fair to make the familiar name of Amos Abbott 
& Co. perpetual. 

The old carding and cloth-dressing-mill has grown, 
under their fostering care, to a mill one hundred and 
twenty-five feet long, forty feet wide, and four stories in 
height, with four sets of machinery, and a pay-roll of 
$2,000 per month. 

HOTELS. 

In 1824 John Bates opened a tavern at his house, be- 
ing the first tavern in the village proper. That house is 
now standing, just below Newell Bates' saloon. Just 
look at it, and compare it with the Merchants' Exchange. 
That house could not hold a fashionable woman and her 
baggage. Either she or her baggage would have to stop 
out-doors. This house was kept open to the public until 
1830, when the three-story house, near the machine shop 
of N. Dustin & Co., was erected by Stevens Davis and 
others, and opened as a hotel on the fourth day of July 
of that year. This was kept open for about fifteen years, 
and was succeeded by the Dexter House, built on the site 
of the Bank Block. This was closed in 1874. In the 
year 1866 I,. D. Hayes built the Merchants' Exchange 
at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. This is one of the 
best appointed hotels in the country, and has always been 
kept in tip-top style. It has fifty-two rooms, is supplied 
with (jure spring water, and being situated in the busy 
part of the village, is a desirable stopping place for 
travelers. The present proprietor is Colonel W. G. 
Morrill. 

The only other public house now is the Dexter House 
on Spring street. This was formerly known as the 
Fountain House. After some years it was closed. About 
five years ago it was purchased by J. H. Brown, who 
made extensive repairs and additions, and opened it as 
the Farmers' Hotel. Two years ago he sold it to J. M. 
Jordan, who is the present proprietor. It has twenty-one 
rooms, and is well patronized. The hotel accommoda- 
tions fully supjily the wants of the place. 

In 1824 a floating bridge was built across the narrows 
of Pleasant Pond, now called Silver Lake. Previous to 
this it was usually voted to pay William Smith from 
fifteen to twenty dollars per year, payable in grain, for 
tending ferry. This floating bridge was supported by the 
town till the year i860, when a permanent stone bridge 
was built at a cost of almost four thousand dollars. This 



bridge is about thirty-five rods in length, and is very 
substantially built. 

CHURCHES. 

The first church (Universalist) was erected in 1829. 
The society was large, wealthy, and public-spirited. The 
house contained fifty-two pews, held at that time by indi- 
viduals. The first pastor was Rev. William Frost. This 
church in 1869 was enlarged and completely renovated 
at a cost of about $12,000. It now contains seventy-six 
slips, which are owned by the society, and the preaching 
is sustained by the slip rent. The present pastor is 
Rev. J. Eugene Clark. The church is situated on 
Church street. The auditorium is the best in Dexter, 
with a seating capacity of four hundred and fifty. 

The Methodist church was erected in 1834, and con- 
tained fifty-two pews. In 1872 this church was remod- 
eled into modern style, at a cost of $4,000. It stands 
on Main street. The society is large and flourishing. Its 
present pastor is Rev. George R. Palmer. It has seats 
for four hundred. 

In 1839 the Calvinist Baptists erected a church on 
Main street at a cost of $5,000. This has recently been 
repaired and refurnished at a cost of $2,000. The soci- 
ety is large. The pastor is Rev. E. Dewhurst. It can 
seat three hundred. 

The Congregationalists in 1844 erected a small church 
on Spring street. The society has always been small, 
but what they lack in numbers they make up in zeal. 
This church in 1879 was moved back, converted into a 
vestry, and a new and beautiful edifice erected in its 
place. It is a beautiful building, and was mostly built 
by voluntary contributions from abroad. It will seat 
three hundred. The church has recently secured the 
services of Rev. T. M. Davies as pastor. 

The Episcopal church was erected in 1869. It is of 
small size but very elaborately and beautifully finished in 
Gothic style at a cost of about $9,000. This is located 
on Spring street. The society is small. The resident 
rector is Rev. Thomas Marsden. The seating capacity 
is two hundred and twenty-five. 

In 1874 the Free-will Baptists, who had before that 
occupied the Congregational church a part of the time, 
erected a church on Spring street at a cost of $4,500. It 
is of small size but neatly and handsomely finished, and 
will seat three hundred. It has at present no settled 
pastor. 

The Catholics erected a church in 1876 on High 
street. The cost was probably not far from $3,000. It 
is plainly finished and will accommodate two hundred 
and fifty. They have regular monthly services. 

Besides these the Second Advents have a hall, where 
they hold religious services, and the Spiritualists occa- 
sionally occupy the town hall, while some unbelievers stay 
at home. In fact, to the stranger sojourning in town 
over Sunday Dexter presents as great a variety of relig- 
ious entertainment as can be found in this county. 

CEMETERIES. 

On the 1 6th day of December, 1804, death visited for 
the first time the settlement of Elkinstown. Phebe 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



865 



Tucker died of canker rash. She was sixteen years of 
age. December 24th of the same year, Joseph and 
Daniel Small died of the same disease. They were 
buried on the farm of Mr. Tucker. Up to 18 19 the 
town had no burial place. In that year the town by 
vote purchased a lot eastward of Deacon's Greene's inn. 
This was used until 1845, although it was totally unfit 
for such a purpose, the ground being low and wet. 

The summer of 1828 was unusually sickly. More than 
fifty young children were carried off by dysentery. 
Among the aged was Samuel Copeland, who died at the 
age of ninety-two. The year was a season of mourn- 
ing to the whole town. No other general epidemic 
ever visited the town until 1876, when about seventy fell 
victims to diphtheria. 

In 1845 the town purchased and lotted the cemetery, 
near the depot, and twenty years after laid out a ceme- 
tery on Bryant's hill. Very tasty and expensive monu- 
ments have been raised in both, and a tomb built by the 
town in the new one. 

In the year 1828 Lysander Cutler, then a young man, 
came to Dexter from Royalston, Massachusetts. He 
was an active business man, possessing indomitable en- 
ergy, and to him more than any other man is due the 
present thrift and prosperity of the town. He soon be- 
came a partner in the firm of .\mos Abbott & Co., and 
there continued until 1835, when he formed a partner- 
ship with Jonathan Farrar, and commenced the erection 
of the woolen-mill below the grist-mill. This was a 
wooden structure seventy-five feet long, forty feet 
wide, and four stories high. It was completed and 
commenced operating in March, 1836. Besides this 
were built a wool house, cloth-dressing house, and board- 
ing houses. The whole cost was near $75,000. This 
mill was burned in December, 1845, but Messrs. Samuel 
Farrar & Cutler, not discouraged, immediately built upon 
the same place a stone mill two hundred feet long and 
two stories high, which they put into operation the fol- 
lowing year. 

Two years later, 184S, Messrs. Foss, Conant & Co. 
erected on the lower privilege a brick mill, called the 
Union mill, and operated it until 1855, when they sold 
to Farrar & Cutler. Previous to this purchase they had 
built a third mill, called the White mill, on a dam below 
the stone mill. All three mills were thus united under 
one firm. The financial crisis of 1856 was too severe 
for them, and they were obliged to suspend. After 
fruitless attempts at a compromise with creditors, they 
both left the State and settled in Milwaukee. 

In 1S35 Mr. Cutler organized the Dexter Rifle Com- 
pany, a military corps quite celebrated in its time ; was 
chosen its first cajjtain, and two years later was elected 
Colonel of the Ninth Regiment. At the breaking out of 
the Rebellion he went to the front as Colonel of the 
Sixth Wisconsin Regiment. During the war he was 
twice severely wounded, and had no less than- seven 
horses shot under him. He rose to the rank of Brigadier- 
General. He died in Milwaukee in July, 1866. 

The Dexter Mills passed into the hands of Messrs. 
Johnson, Sewall & Co., of Boston, who leased the prop- 
109 



erty in 1858 to R. W. Robinson, of Dorchester, Massa- 
chusetts, for the term of three years, and after that ex- 
pired continued two years longer under the same lease. 
In the meantime he had bought one-half of the property. 
October i, 1863, Ebenezer Dale, R. W. Robinson, and 
Albert F. Bradbury, formed a copartnership, bought the 
mills, and operated under the name of the Dexter Mills 
until 1S80. In the year 1865 two more stories were 
added to stone mill, making it four stories high and 
forty feet in length. The death of Dale obliged the 
firm to suspend operations in 1S80, and during the 
year and while the census was being taken the mills were 
not running. This made a difference of four or five 
hundred in our population. During the last year a cor- 
poration has been formed under the laws of the State 
under the name and style of "The Dexter Woolen 
Mills." The capital stock is $200,000, and it employs 
about three hundred and fifty hands. The capacity of 
the mills is twenty sets of machinery. The President 
is J. G. Wright; R. S. Russell, Treasurer; Albert F. 
Bradbury, Superintendent ; Joseph C. Cutler, Paymaster. 
The monthly pay roll is $8,000. 

In 1847 Calvin Copeland built a mill in the lower 
village for the manufacture of woolens, which was burned 
in 1868. It has never been rebuilt, although the 
privilege is owned by parties abundantly able. 

In 1835 ^ "6^^ school-house with a town hall overhead 
\vas built, with two school-rooms below. This remained 
until 1856, when, during a town meeting, when the hall 
was packed, the floors gave away, above and below, and 
the people were all precipitated into the cellar. Strange 
to relate, although a large hot stove went with them, no 
lives were lost, and but one or two seriously injured. Our 
present Town Hall was then built, with school-iooms on 
the first floor, a lockup and furnace rooms in the base- 
ment, and offices on the third floor. This cost about 
$10,000. It is well built, with slated roof, and is an 
ornament to the village and creditable to the town. Sub 
sequently, in 1877, the hall was rearranged, beautifully 
frescoed, stage and scenery added at an expense of 
$1,400. It is now one of the finest halls in the State. 
With a gallery on three sides, it will accommodate about 
eight hundred. 

When Jonathan Farrar bought the mills in 181 7 he 
also bought a small tannery. This he continued to en- 
large until it came to do an extensive business. He 
afterward sold to Ebenezer Wyman, who in turn sold to 
Charles Shaw, the present proprietor. He has very much 
enlarged the buildings and tanning facilities, making this 
business one of the most important in Dexter. Mr. Shaw 
moved into Dexter from Cummington, Massachusetts, in 
1851, and purchased the tannery for $3,000. He uses 
now two thousand cords of bark per year, and the stock 
in process of manufacture is $40,000. The plant is 
worth $12,000. Mr. Shaw is largely engaged in tanning 
operations in other places in this State, and in New York. 
The pay-roll is $650 per month. 

When the Dexter mills were first opened in 1836, Na- 
thaniel Dustin came from Lowell, Massachusetts, to su- 
perintend the wool sorting. After some years he opened 



'f 



866 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



a store and commenced business for himself. In 1859 
he bought the foundry and machine shops, and, with his 
sons, has run them ever since. Two years ago they built 
new buildings, much enlarged and improved, added new 
and expensive machinery, and increased the value of the 
property from about $4,000 to $40,000. The firm is 
known as N. Dustin & Co., and their business is backed 
by all the capital that is wanted. Their pay-roll is $1,000. 

In 1867 B. F. and Samuel Eldridge bought the work- 
shops of C. W. Curtis & Co. They have made exten- 
sive improvements and additions, and now manufacture 
almost everything in wood, making a specialty of the 
"World's Fair Prize Churn," of which they sell five hun- 
dred per year. Their buildings, machinery, and stock 
are worth $15,000. Their pay-roll is $400. 

The marble works of Messrs. Morse & Bridges turn 
out some of the finest monuments in the country, and 
are well patronized. They carry in buildings and stock 
$4,000. Their pay-roll is $350. 

The furniture factory of E. M. Tibbetts turns out 
yearly large quantities of furniture, caskets, and coffins. 
The plant and stock is not far from $8,000. His pay-roll 
is $250 per month. 

The grist-mill, the property of Amos Abbott & Co., 
has grown from an insignificant affair in 1802, to one of 
the best in the country, with all modern improvements, 
being the first grist-mill adopting the patent process. 

During the present year Moses Brothers purchased 
the cheese factory (which had ceased operations) and 
converted it into a factory for canning corn. They put 
up during the autumn ten thousand dozen cans, and pro- 
pose in future doing a much larger business. They are 
now making preparations for desiccating apples by steam. 
As about every farm in town has an orchard and every 
man in the village with a rod of ground owns apple trees, 
there is no reason why the enterprise should not be suc- 
cessful. The firm has disbursed during the season about 
$io,ooo. 

Another enterprise commenced this year is the manu- 
facture of shovel handles from white ash, by N. B. 
Turner & Son. They have sent away about ten thousand 
dozens, and have paid out not far from $7,500. Their 
pay-roll is $250. 

Two establishments for making clothing for Boston 
parties pay out monthly about $1,600; three-fourths of 
which goes to the wives and daughters of the farmers of 
this and neighboring towns. 

In 1863 Rev. J. F. Witherell established the Dexter 
Gazette. It was a small paper, being hardly a foot in 
length. He sold to Messrs. Gallison & Robbins in 1869, 
and in 1872 R. O. Robbins bought Gallison's interest in 
the paper, and in 1878 sold the establishment to M. F. 
Herring, who is now publisher and proprietor. The pa- 
per has grown in size as it has in age, and at present 
ranks with the best weekly papers in the State. The 
weekly issue is one thousand, and the advertising patron- 
age large. A great amount of job printing is done here. 

In 1868 the Dexter & Newport Railroad was built, 
fourteen miles in length, at a cost of $300,000, Dexter 
providing about $225,000. The road pays the running 



expenses and six per cent, on the stock. It had become 
a necessity, and was built none too soon. This road is 
leased to the Maine Central Railroad for thirty years 
from 1868, at a rental of $18,000 per year, paying the 
stockholders six per cent, on their mvestment. 

FIRE DEP.'iRTMENT. 

The first engine. Eagle No. i, was purchased by the 
town in 1836. After that the Tiger No. 2. Two force- 
pumps were afterwards added, one at the grist-mill and 
the other at the Abbott mill, both with iron pipes run- 
ning to Main street. A hook and ladder company was 
organized in 1872. In 1875 two new engines were pur- 
chased, which took the place of the old ones. Two hose 
companies, with separate carriages, perform duty in con- 
nection with the hydrants. The old Eagle engine has 
been utilized by a company of boys, called Company 
No. 3. Another company formed at Spooner's mills has 
the old Tiger engine, and is called Company No. 4. 
The Dexter mills have built a large reservoir and con- 
nected it with pipes to all of their mills and boarding- 
houses, with hydrants at the crossings, having a hundred- 
foot head. There is also owned in town, and by the 
town, from six to eight thousand feet of rubber and other 
hose, making the facilities for extinguishing fires very 
great, and we challenge any town in New England of its 
size to show a fire department equal to our own. 

BANKS. 

The Dexter Savings Bank was incorporated in 1867^ 
and did a successful business to 1878, when, owing to 
the depression in real estate and bonds, the trustees were 
compelled to ask for an extension under the laws of the 
State. Another cause was the sudden death of JohnW. 
Barron, the Treasurer. An examination of the bank 
books also showed considerable confusion in the affairs 
of the bank. All of its liabilities have since been paid, 
and the bank is now in good condition and public confi- 
dence is fully restored. It has a board of trustees, com- 
posed of careful business men, who have the confidence 
of the depositors. The present amount of deposits is 
$143,587. It divides five per cent, to its depositors. 
The President is Albert F. Bradbury; Treasurer, George 
Hamilton. 

The First National Bank of Dexter was organized in 
J875, with a capital of $100,000. It has all the business 
it can do. Charles Shaw is President; Charles W. Cur- 
tis, Cashier. 

During the year 1875 the Savings Bank erected a sub- 
stantial and costly brick edifice for its own accommoda- 
tion and the National Bank. It is three stories, with 
mansard roof. The first story contains the post-otifice 
and the apothecary shop of Bridgham & Son. The 
second story contains the banking rooms. These are 
both provided with vaults built of brick and railroad iron, 
in which are enclosed their safes of the latest style, with 
chronometer locks added. All the finishings are rich 
and ornamental. The third story is occupied by the 
Masons, where they have one of the best finished and 
furnished halls in the State, with all the requisite ante- 
rooms. The fourth story is finished into a dining-hall 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



S67 



and kitchen. The whole expense of the builduig and 
different rooms was over $20,000. It was finished in 
1876. 

Th'e progress in trade has been as marked as other enter- 
pries. The stores, from one in 18 17 and two in 1830, have 
increased to over thirty-five of different kinds, supplying 
nearly all the merchandise required for over one hundred 
and fifty square miles of contiguous territory. There are 
nine grocery and provision stores ; three of dry goods ; 
three, drug and fancy goods ; two, ready-made clothing ; 
two, hardware ; two, stoves and tinware ; two, millinery ; 
two, boots and shoes ; two, merchant tailoring ; one, 
furniture ; two, jewelry, silver and plated ware ; three, 
saloons : three, meat and provisions ; two harness and 
trimming stores. They carry a stock of not less than 
$150,000. 

SOCIETIES. 

Penobscot Lodge of Masons No. 39, was organized 
February 28, 1822. The charter members were eleven. 
In January, 1846, they moved into a new hall, which they 
finished and furnished in good style. This hall was de- 
stroyed by fire in 1850, with all the furniture, clothing, 
and jewels, only the records being saved. After this they 
leased a hall until 1876, when they dedicated their new 
hall in Bank Block. The number of members at pres- 
ent is 138. St. John's Royal Arch Chapter numbers 55. 

Plymouth Lodge No. 65, Independent Order of Odd 
Fellows, was organized in December, 1870, with five 
charter members. It has had a steady and healthy 
growth, and now numbers 198 members. In 1876 
Messrs. Brown and Bridges, the Good Templars, and 
Odd Fellows, joined in building a large and .'commodious 
building. The lower story is used in the manufacture of 
marble, the second is the Good Templars' hall, and the 
third the Odd Fellows'. 

Martha Washington Lodge, Daughters of Rebekah, 
No. 18, has a present membership of 61. 

Silver Lake Encampment, Independent Order of Odd 
Fellows, numbers 30 members. 

The Good Templars were organized into a lodge many 
years since, and at the present time it is a large and infiu 
ential organization. All of these lodges are free from 
debt. 

Dexter Grange No. 155, Patrons of Husbandry, or- 
ganized in 1877, and built and own the largest hall in 
town except the Town Hall. They have a large but not 
handsome building, the lower i)art of which they lease. 

The Sovereigns of Industry also have an organization, 
and run a grocery and provision store, which is largely 
patronized. 

Besides all of these halls, there are three or four 
others that are all ready for use when occasion requires. 

H. F. Safford Post, Grand Army of the Republic, or- 
ganized several years since, has a membership of 40. 

Dexter Light Infantry, Company C, Second Regiment 
Maine Volunteers, was organized in 1878, and numbers 
at present 5 1 members. Officers : J. D. Maxfield, cap- 
tain ; N. L. McCrillis, first lieutenant ; Levi Bridgham, 
second lieutenant. At the recent State tournament held 
at Augusta, this company took the first prize for company 



shooting, from seventeen competing companies. The 
first prize for team shooting was carried away by them. 
Corporal G. F. Johnson took the gold badge as the cham- 
pion shot of the State. Sergeant S. M. Leighton took 
the first money prize as champion shooter. In fact, after 
the Dexter boys had gathered their prizes, not much was 
left for the rest. 

SCHOOLS. 

Up to 1874 the town was divided into school districts 
as independent organizations. That year, by a vote of 
the town, these were discontinued. By this arrangement 
the smallest school in town can have the same length of 
term as the largest, and as ample provisions are made by 
the town for the support of schools, every scholar can 
have six months' schooling at least per year. The village 
schools are graded. Four school-houses in the village 
have two schools in each. They are all thoroughly built, 
two stories high. Ten other school-houses in town are 
nearly all new, and all in good repair. The property 
is worth not less than $15,000. In 1877 the town voted 
to supply the scholars with books. This has been found 
to be a benefit to the schools themselves, w-hile to the 
poor man with an overabundance of that blessing pecul- 
iar to the poor, it brings relief to his purse and delight 
to his children. It costs the town about $350 to supply 
books to 757 scholars. 

The Mercantile Library Association was organized sev- 
eral years since, and m 1880 owned about one thousand 
volumes. It was then voted to donate the library to the 
town, provided it was made free to the inhabitants, and 
$300 added yearly in books. This proposition was accept 
ed by the town, and the library has already increased to 
more than fifteen hundred volumes. For its size it must 
be about the best patronized library in the world, as 
about one-half of the books are in the hands of readers 
at all times. 

Among the other industries of Dexter are the mills of 
Reuben Flanders, at North Dexter, on the stream called 
IVLiin Stream — the west branch of the Sebasticook River. 
This stream runs through the northerly part of Dexter 
and furnislies several water-powers. At Flanders's mills 
are manufactured boards, shingles, orange boxes, mirror 
backs, etc. Mr. Flanders's operations are quite extensive, 
sometimes sending away bo.xes by the cargo. His 
monthly pay-roll is $400. .Samuel C. Silver operates an- 
other saw-mill on the same stream, in the northeastern 
part of the town, doing a fair business. Hiram Spooner 
& Sons also have a saw- and shingle-mill on a water- 
power at the outlet of Puffer's Pond. At the south line 
of the town A. C. Libby has a saw- and shingle-mill, also 
one run of stones for grinding corn. This is the lowest 
water-power on the Dexter Stream in Dexter. A large 
quantity of lumber is manufactured there each year. 

The old saw-mill that for eighty years wagged out its 
music to the north end, was crowded out, during the pres- 
ent year, by its neighbor, the woolen mill. Since its erec- 
into it had been renewed several times, and during the early 
years of its existence ran night and day. Its site is now 
occupied by the extension of the woolen mill of Amos 
Abbott & Co. 



1 



868 



HISTORY OF ffeNOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



The officiating clergy of Dexter have been already 
mentioned. Tradition is strangely silent in regard to the 
Christian pioneers of the town. Rev. John Sawyer, Gar- 
land, Congregationalist, was probably the first preacher. 
He preached here as late as 1820, and was then, as the 
writer distinctly recollects, an old white-headed man. 
He died in 1856 at the great age of one hundred and one 
years. Rev. James Hall, Baptist, and Rev. William Frost, 
Universalist, were among the early preachers of Dexter. 
Undoubtedly there were others before these, but their 
names are not given. 

We have had occasion to speak of the early physicians. 
Others have come and gone, among which may be men- 
tioned Doctor Thomas C. Barker, who was the real 
founder of our present library. At present we have five 
allopathic, one homeopathic and two clairvoyant physi- 
cians. Their field of practice is large, extending into all 
the surrounding towns. 

As the spiritual and physical wants of the people have 
been well attended to, so also their rights and wrongs 
have not been allowed to languish for want of legal 
assistance. The earliest lawyer was Gustavus G. Cush- 
man, who settled in town in the year 1827. He re- 
mained here several years, and then removed to Bangor. 
Samuel McClellan, in 1835, opened an office in 
Dexter, coming from Bloomficld. He continued in 
active practice till his death, August i, 186S. Charles 
C. Cushman and Abner Knowles practiced here for a 
time, but both removed to Bangor. At the present time 
five lawyers constitute the legal force of Dexter, being 
fully equal to the wants of the inhabitants. 

NATURAL FEATURES. 

Dexter village is in latitude 45° i' 43" north, and in 
longitude 69° 16' 32" west of Greenwich. It is the 
northwestern town of Penobscot county. It is forty-one 
miles from Bangor, and one hundred and twenty-three 
miles from Portland. Garland bounds it on the east, 
Corinna on the south, Sangerville in Piscataquis county 
on the north, and Ripley in Somerset county on the 
west. 

The face of the country is broken into hills and valleys. 
There is not a level farm in town. The soil is generally 
rocky and hard to cultivate, and though there are many 
excellent farms, yet it will require some time to make it 
a first-class farming town, free from stones and stumps. 
There are two small lakes; one called Puffer's Pond that 
supplies water to a saw-mill, contains about a square mile 
of area. The other. Silver Lake, about four times as 
large, furnishes the water power of the village. The 
peculiarity of this lake is, that much water runs out, ap- 
parently but little runs in, it being mostly supplied from 
sub-surface springs. Another small pond, called the 
Meadow, in the eastern part of the town, was apparently 
formed by beavers, as there are to be seen the remains of 
an extensive colony of these industrious animals. 

The Dexter Stream, being the east branch of the Se- 
basticook, takes its rise in Silver Lake, flows southerly 
through Corinna to Newport Pond, whence it joins the 
west branch at Pittsfield, in Somerset county, forming 
the Sebasticook River. 



II 



The water-power in the village is in the fall and not in 
the body of water. In three-fourths of a mile the fall is 
142 feet. On this ten dams are built, which furnish the 
power to the machinery, and this machinery employs 
about six hundred persons, and the monthly pay-rolls of 
these establishments are estimated at more than $15,000. 

A dam at the outlet of the lake is capable of raising it 
seven feet, and this spread over four miles of surface, en- 
tirely safe from spring freshets, adds greatly to the value 
of the water-power on the stream. 

Along the northern part of the town extends a range 
of hills, the Sturdevant Hill being the highest in town. 

Dexter village is the present terminus of the Dexter & 
Newport Railroad. It is finely situated on the hillsides, 
with easy grades to the stream and lake. The streets are 
four rods wide, mostly supplied with sidewalks, those on 
the most busy part of Main street being composed of 
concrete. The roads are kept in excellent repair, and 
have the reputation of being the best of any town in the 
county. Shade trees of maple and elm abound, some 
having a growth of more than forty years, while from the 
fruit trees covering the hillsides are gathered large quan- 
tities of apples, pears, and cherries. An unusual number 
of neat and tasteful residences adorn the village, while 
many of the farmers have excellent and some costly 
buildings, one barn, built by A. L. Barton, costing 
$7,000. Strangers passing through the town and village 
cannot fail to be impressed with the prevalent appearance 
of prosperity. 

The rock formation is slate, excellent for building ma- 
terials, an impure limestone, which is found to make a 
good article of cement, and quartase rock. In the latter 
are found veins of lead and silver, not in paying quanti- 
ties, but enough to set some to digging who are in haste 
to get rich. 

The soil is generally a vegetable loam, very little clay 
being found, fertile, well adapted to orchards, and yield- 
ing well the usual farm crops. The forest trees are maple, 
birch, beech, and other deciduous trees, on the upland; 
and spruce, fir, cedar, etc., on the lowlands. 

The growth of Dexter in population and wealth has 
been steady and constant, except an apparent decline in 
both in the last decade. An examination of the facts, 
however, will show that from 1870 to 1S80 there was an 
actual increase in both. In 1870 the valuation was 
$1,006,966 and the population 2,875. By some unac- 
countable error the valuation of 1870 was reported to the 
State committee and adopted by them on nearly a full 
value basis. The valuation of 18S0 is on a two-thirds 
basis. At the rate of 1870 our valuation would be near 
$1,400,000. It is patent to every one that the real prop- 
erty of Dexter was very largely increased in the last ten 
years. Among the valuable buildings are notably theBank 
Block, the residence of Dr. Fitzgerald, the fine residences 
on Maple, Pleasant, Free Grove, and Church streets. 
Gazette office. Odd Fellows' Hall, and Grange Hall. 
The capacity of Dexter to do business was increased 
one-third at least. The census of 1880, taken at a time 
when the Dexter mills had been closed for nearly a year, 
and was only preparing to resume, shows a decrease of 





m ! 

i 




-'■- 



Residence of the HON, JOSIAH CROSBY, Dexter, Maine. 



fcllStORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



869 



about three hundred. 1 hen many houses were vacant 
throughout the village. Now not a house is unoccupied; 
the hotels and boarding-houses are filled. Our popula- 
tion is now over three thousand, and there is no reason 
why it should not increase. Through the past season 
labor has been in very great demand and high wages 
paid. The influ.x from Canada is rapidly increasing our 
population as well as that of other manufacturing towns. 
As a French Canadian said, who had but lately arrived : 
"Be gar, I wark all one day long in Canada hard for fafty 
centimes, now I wark in haymg for two dollars a day, and 
I not work mooch hard either. I mows with the cheval 
and I peech with the cheval, and I don't go back to Can- 
ada no more, not mooch." 



The valuation of i860 was $465,000, that of 1870 
should have been about $725,000, and that of 1880 was 
$963,000, making a fair and regular increase in the 
wealth of the town. 

Yet for all the public improvements made our taxes 
are not high. The rate this present year is $17.50 on the 
$1,000. This is the whole tax. There is no highway 
tax behind this as in most towns in the county. 

To THE Re.\der : — Many important and interesting mailers relating 
to our town have been omitted, for want of time and space. If any er- 
rors have crept into this sketch, the w riter would like to be notified, and 
those having knowledge of incidents of the early days will do a kindly 
favor by forwarding the same to yours truly, 

VoLNEV A. Spr.\CUE. 



EXETER." 



CEOGR-A.PHIC.\L NOTES. 

The town of Exeter, in Penobscot county, Maine, is 
situated in about 45' north latitude, and 69° west longitude 
from Greenwich. It is about fifty miles northeast from 
the State capital, at Augusta, and twenty miles northwest 
from Bangor, the county seat, at the head of tide waters, 
and of ship navigation on the river Penobscot. The town 
was calculated to be six miles square, and is bounded on 
the north by Garland, on the east by Corinth, on the 
south by Stetson, and on the west by Corinna. Its 
corners are held and maintained in common with the 
towns of Dexter on the northwest, Charleston on the 
northeast, Levant on the southeast, and Newport on the 
southwest. In area, the town is estimated to contain 
about 23,040 acres ; and is watered by the Kenduskeag 
Stream and its smaller tributaries, on which, according to 
Wells's report on the Water Power of Maine (page 
274), there were returned by the Selectmen to the Com- 
missioners in i86S ten water-powers, as follow: 

First — On the Kenduskeag Stream, shingle- and grist-mill, fall ten 
feet, capacity 500,000 shingles per year; grist-mill runs eight months. 

Second — On the same, saw-miU, fall twelve feet; capacity 500,000 of 
lumber a ye.ir— rcould do more. 

Third — On the same, saw- and shingle-mill ; saw-mill capacity 600,000 
per year; shingle machine 300,000; fall eleven feet — could do more. 

Fourth — A shingle-mill on the same; fall ten feel; capacity 300,000 
per year. 

Fifth — On the same, saw and shingle machine and two runs of 
stones; saw-mill capacity 300,000; shingle-mill about 300,000; fall 
eleven feet. 

Sixth — On the same, shingle-mill; a nine-foot fall. 

Seventh — On the same, gristmill, machine-shop, carriage-shop, and 
tan-yard; fall eleven feet. 

Eighth— On the same, not now in use, formerly a saw- and shingle- 



mill; fall twelve feet; of one-fourth greater capacity than either of the 
other privileges. 

Ninth— Shingle- and grist-mill upon the ".Andrews Brook;' fall nine 
feet; can cut 200,000 shingles; can gnnd about four months in the year. 
[Since the above report was made, a sleam-mill has been built on the 
same brook, where a shingle- and grist-mill are in consti.nt operation, 
and are doing a good business . 

Tenth— On the ".Allen Brook," or ".Atkins Brook," capacity the 
same as Xo. q. 

SURVEV AND LOCATION. 

Exeter, the one hundred and eightieth town within the 
District of Maine, was located as a township by the 
survey of its exterior lines in the autumn of 1792. It 
was then known and designated on the Surveyors' plan 
as Township No. 3, in the Fourth Range of townships 
north of the Waldo Patent; this being one of the twenty- 
one townships surveyed by Ephraim Ballard and Samuel 
Weston, under the direction of the " Committee for the 
Sale of Eastern Lands," and of which committee the late 
Hon. Daniel Cony, of Hallowell (now .Augusta), was 
chairman. The twenty-one townships thus surveyed 
comprised the territory lying between the Waldo Patent 
on the south, and Piscataquis River on the north; and 
extending west, from a line passing north and south 
through Pushaw Pond, the distance of twenty-four miles, 
and are all embraced in the following schedule, to wit: 

The following townships were surveyed in 1792, by 
Ephtaira Ballard and Samuel Weston, Surveyors, as per 
plan : Dixmont, Troy (first Kingville), Carmel, Etna, 
Plymouth and Detroit, Glenburn, Levant, Stetson, New- 
port, Hudson (Kirtland, 1825), Corinth, Exeter, Corinna, 
Bradford, Charleston, Garland, Dexter, Orneville (first 
Milton), Atkinson, Dover, and Sangerville. 

"By Hon. Noah Barker. 



876 



History of penobscot county, Maine. 



On completing their survey and location of the above 
townships, the Surveyors returned a plan of the same, 
with the following title: 

This plan represents, within the red lines, twenty-one townships of 
land between the rivers Kennebeck and Penobscot, surveyed for the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the subscribers, A. D. 1792; also 
part of the river Penobscot; the northern bounds of Waldo Patent; to- 
gether with four townships surveyed by Jonathan Stone;* as also the 
bounds of the northerly part of the Plymouth Claim ; part of the 
Sebesticook River; the southeast corner of the "Million Acres," 
located on the river Kennebeck, and a tract of land betwixt the Ply- 
mouth Claim, etc. , and the four northerly ranges of townships afore- 
said; all which has been taken from actual and approved surveys and 
here protracted by a scale of two miles to an inch, and inscribed to the 
Committee for Sale of Eastern Lands by their obedient and humble ser- 
vants, EpHRAiM Ballard, 

Samuel Weston, 

Surveyors. 

Hallowell. County of Lincoln, October 20, 1792. 

FOUNDATION OF LAND TITLES IN EXETER. 

This township (No. 3, R. 4, N. W. P.) was donated 
by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to Marblehead 
Academy by resolve approved February 8, 1793, reserv- 
ing 960 acres for public uses, which were divided into 
three lots, or parcels, one for public schools, one for 
the ministry, and one for the first settled minister. 

It appears by the records of the Corporation that the 
following persons constituted the Board of Trustees of 
Marblehead Academy in 1793: Samuel Sewall, Robert 
Hooper, Samuel Hooper, William Raymond Lee, Elisha 
Story, Samuel Russell Trevitt, John Humphreys, John 
Goodwin, Marston Watson, Richard Homan, Joseph 
Sewall, Samuel Bartoli, John Uixey, Richard Pedrick, 
Ebenezer Graves, and Burtill Devereux. 

At a meeting of the Trustees of the Marblehead 
Academy on Monday, the 21st day of January, 1793, 
after transacting the usual business of the Association, 
and passing several votes, etc. — 

Voted II, That Samuel Sewall, William R. Lee, and Marston Wat- 
son, Esq., be a committee to apply to the Honorable General Court of 
this Commonwealth in such form as they may think best, for a grant to 
this Corporation of a tract of land, and any other suitable encourage- 
ment to this .Academy. 

The Committee, it seems, lost no time in forwarding 
their petition, in behalf of the Trustees, to the Legisla- 
ture, as the following proceedings will show : 

CoM.MONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, j 

In the House of Representatives, J. 
January 31, 1793. J 
On the Petition of the Trustees of the Marblehead .Academy : 

Resolved, That there be and hereby is granted a township of land of 
six miles square, to be laid out at the expense of the grantees by the 
Committee for the Sale of Eastern Lands, from any of the unimproved 
lands belonging to this Commonwealth, lying between the rivers Ken- 
nebeck and Penobscot, and said township shall be vested in the said 
Trustees of the Marblehead .Academy and their successors forever, for 
the use and purpose of supporting the said Academy, to be by them 
holden in their corporate capacity, with full power and authority to set- 
tle, divide, and manage said township, or to sell, convey, and dispose 
of the same, in such way and manner as shall best promote the interest 
and welfare of said Academy. 

Provided, Nevertheless, that there be and hereby is reserved one lot 
of three hundred and twenty acres for the use of the ministiy, and one 
lot of three hundred and twenty acres for the support of schools, and 
one lot of the same quantity to the first settled minister in said town. 

y^nd provided, further. That the grantees aforesaid, or their assigns, 

*These " four townships" embrace the present, towns of Parkman, 
Cambridge and Ripley, St. Albans, and Palmyra. 



shall cause twenty families to be settled within said township on or be- 
fore the first day of June, one thousand eight hundred. 

David Cobb, Speaker. 
February 8, 1793. 

On the 2Sth of March, 1793, at a meeting of the said 
Trustees it was — 

Voted, That ten pounds be advanced to pay for a deed of land 
granted to this .Academy by the Honorable General Court of this Com- 
monwealth to be advanced by the several Trustees, and repay them 
from the first monies belonging to said incorporation. 

On the 27th of March, 1793, a deed of the township 
was made and passed to the Trustees, as the following 
copy of the deed will show: 

To all persons to whom these presents shall come, greeting: 

Whereas, The Legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachu- 
setts did, on the 7th day of February, 1793, grant a township of land 
to the Trustees of Marblehead Academy, by a resolve in the following 
words, viz : Resolved, e\.Q. [Here the words of the foregoing resolve 
are recited], and 

Whereas, The Legislature aforesaid did, on the 28th day of Feb- 
ruary last, by their resolve of that date, authorize and empower the 
Committee for the Sale of Eastern Lands to execute deeds of certain 
grants of lands in the words following, viz ; 

"Whereas, Several grants of townships and tracts of land have 
been and may be made by this Court for the encouragement of 
literature in the various parts of the Commonwealth — 

"Resolved, That all the lands which have been or may be granted for 
the purpose aforesaid be located under the direction of the Committee 
for the Sale of Eastern Lands, and that said committee be and hereby 
are authorized and empowered to execute deeds of conveyance and 
confirmation of the same conformable to the condition of said grants." 

Xow, therefore, know ye that we, the undersigned, being the Com- 
mittee for the Sale of Eastern Lands in the said resolves mentioned, 
and pursuant to the grant and authority thereby made, and in consider- 
ation of the sum of ten pounds lawful money, being the whole expense 
of surveying the township hereinafter described, have located to the 
said Trustees of the Marblehead .Academy, and do hereby convey and 
confirm to them and their successors a township of land of six miles 
square, situate in the county of Hancock, and between the rivers Ken- 
nebeck and Penobscot, in the Fourth Range, northward of the Waldo 
Patent, so-called, and being number three of that range, according to 
the actual survey and return of twenty-one townships, and the plan 
thereof made by Ephraim Ballard and Samuel Weston, in the year 
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and by said plan is 
bounded southerly by number three in the third range, easterly by 
number two in the fourth range, northwardly by number three in the 
fifth range, and westerly by number four in the fourth range of those 
twenty-one townships, with all and singular the privileges and ap- 
purtenances of the said township hereby located and confirmed, sub- 
ject always, nevertheless, to the conditions mentioned in said resolve for 
said grant, as hereinbefore recited, and according to the true intent 
thereof. 

To have and to hold the said township heieby located and granted 
with the appurtenances, and subject, as aforesaid, to the said Trustees 
of the Marblehead .Academy and their successors and assigns forever, 
for the use and purpose of supporting the said academy, to be by them 
holden in their corporate capacity, with full power and authority to set- 
tle, divide, and manage said township, or to sell, convey and dispose of 
the same in such way and manner as shall best promote the interest of 
the said academy, excepting and reserving as in the said resolve men- 
tioned. 

In witness whereof, the said committee have hereunto set their hands 
and seals this twenty-seventh day of March, in the year one thousand 
seven hundred and ninety-three. 

Samuel Phillips, 
Nathaniel Wells, 
John Read, 
Daniel Cony. 
Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of us. 

Samuel Ward, 
Sam. Cooper. 
Suffolk, Boston, March 27, 1793. 
Personally appeared Samuel Phillips, Nathaniel Wells, John Read, 
and Daniel Cony, Esqrs,, and acknowledged the foregoing instrument 
to be their act and deed. Before me, 

Samuel Cooper, Justice of the Peace. 



?' 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



871 



At a meeting of the trustees aforesaid on the 3d day of 
June, 1793, present Samuel Sewall, Esq., William R. Lee, 
Marston Watson, Joseph Sewall, Samuel Hooper, Robert 
Hooper, John Dixey, Dr. Elisha Story, Richard Pedrick, 
Ebene^er Graves, and William Harris, the following pro- 
posals were made by Samuel Sewall, Esq., viz: 

To purcliase the township of land in the county of Hancock granted 
by the General Court to the Trustees of the Marblehcad .Academy, and 
to give therefor the sum of fifteen hundred pounds, payable with inter- 
est, the principal and interest to be secured by the said Sewall's note or 
bond, with a collateral mortgage of the under-mentioned lands and ten- 
ements, the principal to be paid on demand after seven years, the inter- 
est to be at six per cent, per annum, payable quarter yearly. 

At the same meeting; of the Trustees it was "voted that 
the proposals of Samuel Sewall for the purchase of the 
township be accepted; and, being fulfilled on his part, 
this corporation shall and will bargain, grant, assign, and 
convey to the said Sewall, his heirs and assigns, or to 
any person whom he or they shall appoint, all the said 
township of land with the privileges and ajjpurtenances 
thereof, subject to the conditions, reservations, restric- 
tions, and limitations of every kind which are mentioned 
and set forth in the said grant," etc. "And Colonel 
William R. Lee, Colonel M. Watson, and Dr. Elisha 
Story are hereby appointed a committee to receive of the 
said Sewall the securities mentioned in his said proposals, 
which being made and had to the satisfaction of the said 
committee, they are hereby fully authorized, in the name 
and behalf of this corporation, to make, seal, and execute 
a good and sufficient deed to convey in fee simple to the 
said Sewall, his heirs, or assigns, or to any person whom 
he or they shall appoint, the said township of land," etc., 
and the deed was duly executed and delivered, in accord- 
ance with said vote, on the 2d day of July, 1793. 

It appears from the records of the Registry of Deeds 
at Ellsworth, for the county of Hancock, that Samuel 
Sewall conveyed Township No. 3, Range 4, to ^Villiam 
Wetmore and John Peck, October 12, 1793. 

William Wetmore and John Peck conveyed one fourth 
of same to John Gardner February 14, 1794- 

William Wetmore and John Peck conveyed one-fourth 
of same township to Henry Newman Febru.ary 14, 1795. 

William Wetmore conveyed one-fourth of same to John 
Peck the 24th day of , 1797. 

John Peck conveyed "11,520 acres of land in Township 
No. 3, Range 4," to David Green January 21, 1797. 

CHANGES OF OWNERSHIP. 

1800. It appears from the proprietors' records that, 
prior to the year 1800, several changes had been made 
respecting the ownership of the township, the proprietors 
at this time being as follow: Benjainin Joy, William 
Turner, Edward D. Turner, Stephen D. Turner, John 
Gushing, David Cheever, and Benjamin Hichborne, all 
of Boston; John CJardner, of Milton, and Sally Wetmore, 
of Castine. 

On the 20th day of February, A. D., 1800, an inden- 
ture of agreement was made and concluded by and be- 
tween the above named proprietors of the one part, and 
John J. Blasdel, of Collegetown (now Dixmont), phy- 
sicia;n, of tliie other part, whereby the said Benjamin Joy 
aj?d hi? ^sspsates agreed to sell unto the said Blasdel 



four thousand acres of land in said township in the man- 
ner and upon the terms hereinafter specified, to-wit : 
That the said Joy and his associates will make, execute, 
and deliver to the said Blasdel a good warrantee deed or 
deeds of four thousand acres of land in said township 
(No. 3, Range 4), at $1 an acre, each of said parties to 
contribute according to the proportionate share which he 
holds in said township to make up the quantity of four 
thousand acres, and each party to be bound only for 
himself upon his compliance with the convenants and 
promises by him hereafter made, that the said Blasdel 
shall be allowed to choose his land at large in said town- 
ship, provided he shall not take more than two lots ad- 
joining each other in the same range, and shall have two 
or more lots between his choices ; that the said Joy and 
his associates will convey to the said Blasdel 160 acres 
whenever he shall have surveyed said township and laid 
out the same into lots of 160 acres, and marked all 
around, and returned unto the said Joy and his associ- 
ates a plan thereof, provided the same be within one 
year from this date, and one hundred acres whenever 
he shall have built a good grist- and saw-mill in said 
town, and sixty acres whenever he shall have cut a 
road through the same, provided the same be com- 
menced within one year from this date, and completed 
in two years, both mills and roads, and provided the 
same be performed according to the directions of said 
Joy and his associates. 

And the said John J. Blasdel, in consideration of the 
covenants aforesaid, agrees with the proprietors, their 
heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, that he 
will pay, or cause to be paid to them or their attorneys, 
the sum of $4,000, one-third part thereof in one year 
from the date hereof, with interast thereon; one-third part 
thereof in two years from said date, with interest, and 
the remainder with interest thereon, in three years from 
said date. That the said Blasdel will survey the said 
township in manner aforesaid; that he will cut the road 
as aforesaid; that he will cause to be settled on said 
land within two years from this date twenty families, and 
that the settlement shall commence in the course of the 
ensuing year. That the said Blasdel will cause to be 
settled in said township, within said period, ten other 
families, provided the said Joy and his associates will 
furnish lands for them and take the settlers as respon- 
sible for the payment of the price of their lands, which 
price is to be fixed by said Joy and his associates, and at 
not less than $1.25 per acre, provided the said set- 
tlers shall have like time of credit with him, the said 
Blasdel. And it was further agreed between the parties 
that said Joy and his associates should give to said Bias- 
del a deed, or deeds, of one-third of the land upon his 
compliance with one-third of the payment and terms of 
purchase, and of the remainder immediately on his com- 
pliance with the remainder of his stipulated covenants 
and payments. It was also understood that the said Blasdel 
should have a right to choose, on the terms before men- 
tioned, the lots for surveying, and for roads, and the 
grist-mill, but in his choosing he shall not take a mill- 
seat, unless he engages to build the mills, and in no case 



872 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



more than one mill-seat, and further, that said Blasdel 
shall produce to the parties satisfactory evidence of his 
having settled the township No. 3 in the Fourth Range, 
according to agreement. 

This instrument was duly signed and sealed by the 
several parties aforesaid. 

Dr. Blasdel (whose name is latterly spelled "Blais- 
dell") immediately made a contract with Major Moses 
Hodsdon, of Berwick, Maine, to survey and lay out the 
township into lots, according to his agreement, aforesaid, 
with the proprietors. Hodsdon commenced the survey 
in the spring of 1800, and completed it the same year. 
The township was laid out into twelve ranges, with twelve 
lots in each range, the numbers commencing at the 
southeast corner of the township; lot No. i in the First 
Range being the southeast corner lot, and No. i in the 
Twelfth Range, the northeast corner lot in the township. 

As compensation for lotting the township, Hodsdon 
was to have a deed of one lot of land; and lot No. 4, in 
the First Range, was subsequently conveyed to him. 

The following lots were selected and conveyed to 
Blasdel to make up his quantity of four thousand acres, 
according to his contract with the proprietors, to-wit : 
No. 6, in the First Range; Nos. 4 and 6, in the Third 
Range; Nos. 3, 8, and 9, in the Fourth Range; Nos. 4, 5, 
and 12, in the Fifth Range; Nos. 1, one-half of 10, and 
II, in the Sixth Range; Nos. i, 2, 6, and 7, in the 
Seventh Range; Nos. 3, 6, and 7, in the Ninth Range; 
Nos. 3 and 5, in the Tenth Range; Nos. i, 2, and 5, in 
the Eleventh Range, and No. 6, in the Twelfth Range. 
Dr. Blasdel acted, also, as the agent for the proprietors, 
in procuring settlers upon their lands; hence, the town- 
ship, previous to its incorporation, was called, and known 
as "Blasdel Town." 

THE PIONEERS. 

As the lotting of the township progressed pioneers 
began to flock in to make selection of lots for their future 
homesteads. The first "chopping" by way of settlement, 
was done in the first week of June, 1800, by Lemuel 
Tozier and John Durgin, at what is called Hill's Corner 
(or more latterly, Linnell's Corner), Tozier commencing 
on lot No. 5, and Durgin on lot No. 4, both lots lying in 
the Fourth Range, and their choppings contiguous. 

Having felled five acres of trees on lot No. 4, Range 
4, Durgin sold out his possession to Josiah Barker, and 
settled in what is now the town of Dixmont, where he 
continued to reside till the time of his death, which oc- 
curred but a few years ago. 

As appears by the Proprietors' Records, Tozier and 
Barker contracted for their lots with Blasdel, in behalf of 
the proprietors, June 10, 1800, both upon the same day, 
Tozier agreeing to pay eight shillings and Barker nine 
shillings per acre for the lots. 

These two contracts for lots, by the settlers, are the 
first to be found on record. Other choppings, however, 
were made about the same time on lots No. 5 and 6, 
Range 3; on lots No. 3 and 6, Range 4; also on lot No. 
6, Range 5. Tozier burnt his own and Barker's " cut- 
down " the same season, and built a log house on his lot 



in the autumn of 1800, and moved his family into it the 
next April, being the first settler in the town. 

EARLY SETTLERS. 

1801. Lemuel Tozier's family and household effects 
were removed from his former residence on the Oakman 
place, in Corinth, with an ox-team, by the late Robert 
Campbell, who, in 1797-98, had become a settler on the 
present homestead of his son and grandson, John and 
Martin Campbell, of Corinth, adjacent to Exeter line. 
The late Simon Prescott, of Corinth, had also settled, 
early in the year iSoi, on the lot next north of Camp. 
bell's, and these two families were Tozier's nearest neigh- 
bors during the first year of his residence in his wilder- 
ness home. 

But in the spring of 1801 Joseph Pease, with his sons 
and two sons-in-law', Josiah Barker and Reuben Seavey, 
came in, on foot, from Parsonsfield, to plant and sow the 
ground where the trees had been felled the year before, 
and to make further improvements preparatory to remov- 
ing their families hither the ensuing winter. Mr. Pease 
had taken up, or purchased, lot No. 6, Range 3, — 
now known as the James Brown farm, — where he at 
once commenced operations. Seavey commenced on 
lot No. 3, Range 4, — since known as the George W. Hill 
farm,-— and Barker upon his lot, No. 4, Range 4, — since 
known as the Timothy Drew farm. On this lot was 
planted, by Albana Pease, then a lad in his fourteenth 
year, the first hill of corn ever raised in town. This 
resolute boy had been hired for the season by Barker, 
his brother-in-law, and had traveled all the way from 
Parsonsfield, via Augusta, Dixmont, and Pangor, and 
thence through the wilderness to this, his future home ; 
which, to boys of this day, would be deemed almost an 
impossible undertaking. 

In the same spring several others came, and com- 
menced felling trees preparatory to a settlement upon the 
lots they had selected. It appears by the Proprietors' 
Records, before alluded to, that the following lots were 
contracted for, under date of June i, 1801, to wit : 
Josiah Lane, 160 acres; Ebenezer Avery, 100 acres; 
Simeon Tozier, 160 acres; Richard Staples, 160 acres ; 
Joshua Palmer 80 acres ; all at nine shillings per acre. 

And while these contracts were being made with the 
proprietors. Dr. Blasdel was still actively engaged in 
procuring settlers to enter upon his own lands, as well as 
those of the proprietors; and for this purpose advertised 
widely in the western towns of the State, and also in 
New Hampshire, whence most of the early settlers emi- 
grated. 

Messrs. Pease, Barker, and Seavey remained here till 
their crops were harvested and secured, and in the mean- 
time felled more trees, and built their cozy log cabins to 
shelter their families on their prospective arrival. 

On the igth day of May, 1801, a petition signed 
by B. Joy, John Gardner, David Greene, William 
Turner, and John Gushing (being five of the proprietors 
of the township), was presented to the Hon. Oliver Wen- 
dell, Esq., of Boston, one of the Justices of the Peace 
throughout the Commonwealth, requesting his Honor to 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



873 



issue his warrant "to call a meeting of said proprietors 
and their associates, to be holden at James Vila's Con- 
cert Hall, in Boston, on the 7th day of July, (then next 
following,) at 10 o'clock a. m., then and there to act on 
the following articles, viz." 

[Here follow seven articles to be acted on.] 

The meeting was called, and the trustees met accord- 
ingly, on July 7, 1801, there being present John Gard- 
ner, Benjamin Joy, William Turner, for himself and as 
an attorney for Edward D. Turner and Stephen D. 
Turner (his brothers), David Greene,' and John Gushing; 
and, thirdly, " voted that David Greene, Benjamin Joy, 
and John Gardner be authorized and empowered to 
make, in behalf of the proprietors, such deeds and con- 
veyances as they have agreed to make to settlers and 
others, and also all other deeds and conveyances neces- 
sary to be made by said proprietors pursuant to any votes 
or orders passed in legal meetings." 

1802. On the loth of March, 1802, Joseph Pease, 
and on the 12th Reuben Seavey, with their families, 
arrived upon the township; and Josiah Barker followed 
them within a month or two after; but owing to the 
health of his family he was obliged to delav their jour- 
ney till the next summer, when he returned to Limerick, 
and brought his wife and three children (the voungest an 
infant about three months old) all the way on horseback 
— the mother with her babe riding upon one horse, and 
the father and two other children, one tied on behind 
him and the other in his arms, riding a second horse. 
This arduous journey on horseback seems almost a par- 
allel to the departure of the old patriarch from Padan- 
aram, with his "wives and little ones" upon the backs of 
his camels. But the reader will take under considera- 
tion the fact that this journey was performed long, long 
years before the advent of steamboats and railroads, or 
even the convenience of common carriage roads through 
the country. 

In Boston, 15th March, 1802, at a meeting of the 
proprietors of township No. 3, Range 4, Benjamin Joy, 
Moderator, it was "voted that the proprietors in con- 
formity to their vote'-of the ist inst. now come to a divis- 
ion of said township by lot, according to the plan pro- 
posed by Benjamin Joy, Esq., and that William Turner, 
their clerk, be a|)pointed to draw for the absentees. The 
proportions of the several proprietors having been ascer- 
tained and agreed to, according to the statement which 
hereafter follows, and the tickets having been duly pre- 
pared and examined by the proprietors, they were then 
drawn and the different lots marked against each proprie- 
tor's name, the result of which is as follows, and the 
several proprietors are entitled to the several lots affixed 
to their names, which division is unanimously agreed to." 

The c|uantity of land then remaining in the township, 
unsold and to be divided among the proprietors, was 
16,300 acres, the proportionate quantity to each proprie- 
tor at that time being as follows: Sally Wetmore, 708 
acres; Stephen D. Turner, 531; John Gushing, 636; 
David Greene, 1,185; Ebenezer Oliver, 425; John Gard- 
ner, 4,075; William Turner, 2,653; Benjamin Joy, 4,319; 
Edward D. Turner, 1,768; total, 16,300 acres. The 



several lots drawn to make up the above quantities were 
duly entered upon a schedule and recorded in the Pro- 
prietors' Records, also upon their plan of the township, 
the original being now (1881) in the writer's possession. 

On the loth of August, 1802, was born to Polly Pease, 
wife of Reuben Seavey, a son, named Reuben Seavey, Jr., 
being the first child born within the limits of the town- 
ship. He lived to the years of manhood, married, and 
settled in Stetson, where he raised up a family, and died 
January 19, 1858, aged fifty-five years five months and 
nine days. 

1803. On the 24th of March, 1803, occurred the 
first death within the township, being that of Arene 
Barker, infant daughter of Josiah and Nancy Barker, 
aged eleven months and twenty-three days, being the 
child that its mother had brought through on horseback 
the summer before. In April, 1803, occurred the second 
death in "Blasdeltown," being that of Mrs. Sarah L. 
Tozier, the wife of Lemuel Tozier, the "first settler," 
aged thirty-nine years and five months. Mrs. Tozier 
died of the measles, being at the time enceinte, and already 
the mother of twelve children. Her death produced, 
as well it might, a great shock to the community, as she 
had been not only the stay and support of her family, 
but, indeed, as a "mother in Israel" to the infant plan- 
tation. Mrs. Tozier's funeral was conducted in "due 
form" by Simon Prescott, the "neighbor" before alluded 
to, and living m the adjoining township, now Corinth. 
The remains of Mrs. Tozier and of the Barker child 
were buried in the corner of the "Tozier and Barker 
lots," being now in the public highway at "Linnell's Cor- 
ner." The remains of the Barker child were subse - 
quently taken up and removed to the old burying ground 
on Brown's Hill, and there buried by the side of its 
mother, who died July 22, 1821, aged forty years and 
five days. But Mrs. Tozier's grave still remains in the 
highway, and its precise locality is now unknown. 

Under our present date (1803) quite an accession wa 
made to the list of immigrants to the new plantation. 
Among these were Samuel and Joseph Osgood, who 
commenced in the north or northeasterly part of the 
town, in what is still known as the "Osgood Settlement," 
and soon after were followed by their brother, Benjamin 
Osgood, from New Hampshire, whence they had emi- 
grated. In the same year (1803) came John Chamber- 
lain, Esq., with his three sons, Ebenezer G. Chamberlain, 
Zenas, and Pickman, and one daughter, who had emi- 
grated from New Salem (now Meredith), New Hampshire, 
but had lived a few years, we think, in Hampden prior 
to their coming to Blasdeltown. The Chamberlains 
settled in the southwest part of the town, and were 
worthy and respectable citizens. Before the close of the 
year 1803 occurred the marriage of Samuel Osgood, of 
Blasdeltown, and Roxanna Knapp, of Orrington (now 
Brewer), this being the first marriage in the vicinage of 
Blasdeltown. In the autumn of this year came Nathan- 
iel Barker, then nineteen years of age, from Limerick, 
and passed the following winter with his brother Josiah, 
at whose house Ebenezer G. Chamberlain, during the 
winter evenings, instructed a class in the rudiments of 



874 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



arithmetic, in which married people as well as single 
took lessons. 

1804. On the 14th of February, 1804, occurred the 
second birth in Blasdeltown, being that of Ira, the eldest 
son of Josiah and Nancy Barker. He is still living, and 
is a resident of Corinna, Maine. At this time, or per- 
haps a little earlier, Lemuel Tozier had married, for his 
second wife, Betsey Hathorn, widow of Asahel Gates, of 
Orrington (now Brewer), and had removed her with her 
two children, Arumah and Jacob Gates, to his own home 
in Blasdeltown. 

In August, 1804, was taught the first school in this 
plantation, by Miss Anna M. Stevens, of Warwick, Mas- 
sachusetts, who was then visiting her bister, the wife of 
Dr. Gale, an early settler in what was then called "New 
Ohio," on the town line between the present towns of 
Corinth and Levant, and where the doctor died the same 
fall. At the close of her school Miss Stevens returned 
home to Massachusetts, where she was afterward twice 
married, and reared an enterprising family. 

After an absence of half a century from the scenes of 
her early missionary labors, she was invited to be present 
at the fiftieth anniversary of her school, which was cele- 
brated March 3, 1855, at the Town House in Exeter, 
where was held a full convention, composed of the 
teachers and scholars of the several public schools in 
town, and of which David Barker was Supervisor, and 
officiated as chairman of the meeting. At this conven- 
tion the invited guest, then the "Widow Anna M. Met- 
calf,"a very intelligent lady of about "three score years 
and six," was present, and partook of the festivities of 
the occasion, sitting at the same table with five of her 
old scholars who have since all passed away. Several 
other distinguished personages were also in attendance, 
among whom were the Rev. John Sawyer, then in his 
one hundredth year, and who addressed the Throne of 
Grace; and the late General Isaac Hodsdon, who was 
then, as he expressed it, "living on borrowed time, with 
his furlough nearly expired," gave a very able and appro- 
priate address of welcome to the distinguished guest, 
with whom, in the long past, he had been acquainted, 
but had not before seen in the last fifty years. In ex- 
tending a written mvitation to Mrs. Metcalf to honor the 
convention with her presence, an inquiry was made of 
her as to her recollections in regard to her "famous 
school," also a request for her to state if she could give 
the names of her scholars, the length of her school, and 
how supported, her means of conveyance to and from 
the plantation, and particularly to describe the edifice in 
which the school was taught, etc., to which she responded 
as follows: 

In answer to your inquiries respecting the first school 
taught in " Blaisdeltown " — (doubtful whether the first attempt of a 
romantic girl of si.vteen should be called a school) — 1 will say that at a 
meeting in the house of Mr. Levi Bradley, in "New Ohio" the much 
honored and lamented Rev. Jotham Sewall, who was on a missionarj* 
tour tlirough the then almost unbroken wilderness, inquired if there 
was any young lady present who would like to teach, as he had $5 of 
missionary money to spend in that way. The result was — after the 
usual preliminaries — the school in question, commencing in August, 
1804. It would be difficult for me to depict to modern comprehension 
the ingeniously constructed edifice in which the school was commenced; 



although I distinctly remember the four posts — crotched a little at the 
lop, stuck into the ground — on which were laid four other poles, or 
sticks of wood, with boards leaned up against and over the lop, with a 
square hole left for ingress and egress. Boards were laid on the 
uneven ground for a floor. I presume there was not a nail used about 
it. It was located close beside Mr. Josiah Barker's barn, which was 
necessary, perhaps, to protect the frail tenement from being blown 
over. After a lime the school was removed to the sleeping-room in 
Mr. Tozier's house. The manner of my conveyance to the scene of my 
labors has entirely escaped my recollection. It could not have been by 
railroad, stage, nor omnibus. It probably was on horseback, and 
very likely on the same horse behind Dr. Gale. I recollect all those 
families you mention, as I boarded with all or most of them. The 
scholars were Samuel and Clark Pease, Polly Chamberlain, Arumah 
Gares; Sally, Richard and Elijah Tozier; Judith and Sophia Barker; 
John and Clarissa Seavey, and perhaps one or two others whose names 
I ha\'e forgotten. I remember eating very eNcellent bread baked in an 
iron dish-kettle over a great blazing fire, and potatoes boiled in a birch- 
bark sap-trough!* My first trial of roads in the wilderness, was on 
horseback from Bangor lo "New Ohio Plantation," and the next day 
I was unable in consequence lo sit up at all without fainting. I well 
remember, likewise, the beautiful simplicity and unaffected kindness 
and friendship of the people m those new settlements, and I most 
heartily deprecate some of the iniproi'anents of modern times. 

So much for the first "school ma'am" of Exeter, so 
worthy of the remembrance and esteem of the present 
and future descendants of the old stock. 

It may be proper to add, that the five families in the 
neighborhood of the school contributed $5 additional 
to the "inissionary money," which prolonged the term to 
ten weeks. 

During the month of August, 1844, a son was born in 
the family of Samuel and Roxanna Osgood, this son 
being Calvin Osgood, now of Garland, Maine. 

1805. In March, 1805, came Daniel Barker, from Lim- 
erick (a native of Exeter, New Hampshire, for which 
"Blasdeltown" was subsequently named), and purchased 
the homestead of Leonard Tozier, who then removed to 
Brewer, where he continued to reside until the death of 
his second wife, excepting a few years, in which he had 
again beaten back into the wilds of "Jarvis Gore" (now 
part of Dedham), where he again achieved the honor — 
as in Exeter — of being the "first settler." 

Mr. Leonard Tozier, the distinguished pioneer, was 
born in Pownalborough (now Wiscasset), August 17, 
1756. His first wife, Sarah Lancaster, was born in Wins- 
low (then "Fort Halifax"), October 29, 1761. They 
were married by Ezekiel Pattee, Esq., of Fort Halifax, 
January 19, 1780, and settled soon after in what is now 
Glenburn, on the Kenduskeag Streatn, on the point of 
land (or "oxbow" on the stream), still known as "To- 
zier's Point." Mr. Tozier died m Waterville, Maine, at 
the home of his daughter Sally, who had married Elias 
Tozier, her cousin, in the winter of 1843. Mr. Tozier 
left a large number of descendants, some of whom are 
now living in Corinth, Maine, where his son, John 
Tozier, who died January 18, 1878, at the advanced age 
of eighty-nine years, eleven months, and thirteen days, 
had long been a worthy and prominent citizen, and where 
his widow still survives him. 

1805 to 1 8 10. Between these years rapid progress 
was made in the settlement and growth of Blasdeltown. 
During this period came Elias Milliken, with a large fam- 

*Something similar, probably, lo the Madwacan "cosse-eau," or 
"cosse de bouleau." — Ed. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



87s 



ily, from Scarborough, and Bartlett Leathers, from Not- 
tingham, New Hampshire, and Thomas Townsend, Sam- 
uel Judkins, Joseph Bradbury, William Tibbetts, Charles 
Crosby, Jr., Elisha Crosby, John Crocker, Benjamin Hil- 
ton, Nathan Doan, Bangs Doan, Nathan Prescott, John 
McLellan, Mark Chase, Benjamin Sinclair, Richard 
Palmer, Joseph and Henry Tibbetts (twin brothers), Jo- 
seph Davis, Moses Dudley, and John Kenniston, and' 
others soon followed and took up lands in the south part 
of the town, while in the central part had arrived Sam- 
uel Eastman, John and William Staples, Samuel Brown, 
Stephen and Mattiiew Hedges, Noah Dow, Samuel Sjiar- 
hawk, Charles Butters, and some others. 

In the northern part of the town the Osgoods were 
soon followed by \\'illiam Palmer and two of his sons, 
William, Jr., and John Palmer, Aaron Hatch, Joseph 
Champeon, Asa and Joseph Cortland, Nathaniel Oak, 
Ebenezer and Paul Towle, Nathaniel and John Hill, 
Phineas, Ebenezer, Nathan, and Nathaniel Batchelder, 
Gardner Farmer, Gideon Lambert, Nahum Pierce, Jesse 

Cross, and his brother-in-law, Waite. Jesse Cross, 

above named, was a Free-will Baptist clergyman, and 
came from New Hampshire. His wife, who was a sister 
of Waite, died within a few years after their removal 
here, and her remains, with those of a child of Joseph 
and Nancy Osgood, were buried side by side in Gardner 
Farmer's orchard; but in after years were taken up and 
removed to the old burying ground, in the "Osgood set- 
tlement." Soon after the death of his wife Mr. Cross 
and his brother, Waite, returned to New Hampshire. 

During these years, there being no corporate authority 
■for raising money by a tax in the plantation, the children, 
of course, had to be instructed at private charge. But 
the early settlers, though poor, provided such means as 
they had for the education of their children, already be- 
ginning to increase to a respectable number of scholars. 
There were some few among the inhabitants, both male 
and female, who had been teachers, among whom were 
E. G. Chamberlain, and Mrs. Joseph Bradbury. The 
latter opened a private school in her own house, on the 
Tibbetts place, within a year or two after the close of the 
one by Miss Stevens, where most of the children in the 
neighborhood — her own among the rest — attended. 
Private schools were also taught about this time in the 
Osgood settlement, and Hedges neighborhood, being 
where Hazen Messenger now lives. 

INCORPOR.^TION .^S -A TOWN. 

i8ro. Early in the spring of 1810 a petition was signed 
and sent to the Legislature, then convened in Boston, 
for an act of incorporation, the following being a copy ; 

CoMMOXWE.\LTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

To the HonoraLile Senate .ind House of Representatives of the Com- 
monwealth of .Massachusetts, in General Court assembled. June, 1810: 
The subscribers, inhabitants of Township Number Three in the 
fourth range, north of the Waldo Patent, commonly known by the 
name of Blaisdeltown, beg leave to represent that their numbers have 
increased to upwards of forty families; that they labour under all the 
many and great inconveniences, which naturally arise in consequence 
of their unincorporated situation. 

They therefore pray that the said Township, with the inhabitants 
therein, may be incorporated into a town by the name of Exeter, with all 



the privileges and immunities which other towns in the Commonwealth 

enjoy. As in duty bound will ever pray. 

Samcel .Sp.\rhawk, Joseph Osgoou, 

Samuel Eastman, Joseph Champeon, 

Nathaniel Bachelder, Benjamin Osgood, 

Samuel Brown, Samuel Osgood, 

Matthew Hedges, Gardner Farmer, 

Nathaniel Oak, William Palmer, 

.Asa Cartland. William Palmer, Jr., 

Nahum Pierce, Josiaii Barker, 

Nathaniel Hill, Daniel Barker, 

Joseph Pease, Jr., Joseph Bradburv, 

Moses Dudley, Albana Pease, 

Nathaniel Barker, Joseph Tibbetts, 

Henry Tibbetts, Reuben Seavey, 

Benjamin Hilton, Thomas Townsend, 

McKenzie Pease, Richard Staples, 

Charles Crosby, Joseph Pease. 

.\aron h.\tch, 

On the foregoing petition a Bill, an "Act to incorpo- 
rate the Town of E.xeter," was reported by the Commit- 
tee, and finally passed on the i6th of February, 181 1. 

ORGANIZATION AND EARLY PROCEEDINGS — SCHOOLS. 

18 1 1. The warrant for calling the first town meeting 
in Exeter under its charter (or act of incorporation, in 
February, 181 1,) was issued by Moses Hodsdon, Esq, of 
"Conduskeag Plantation" (as the present town of Ken- 
duskeag was then called), and under this warrant the 
legal voters of the town assembled at the dwelling-house 
of Samuel Eastman, on Lot No. i. Range 6, on Mon- 
day, April I, 181 1, and chose Matthew Hedges Moder- 
ator; John Chamberlain Town Clerk; John Chamber- 
lain, Samuel Osgood, Joseph Pease, Jr., Selectmen; 
Gardner Farmer Treasurer; Nathaniel Barker Collector 
of Taxes. 

John Chamberlain, Esq., was retained in the offices of 
Clerk and Chairman of the Board of Selectmen for three 
consecutive years. He was a saddler by trade, and the 
first Justice of the Peace in town, holding that office 
under an appointment by the Governor of Massachusetts. 
He was one of the earliest settlers in town, and died here 
on the 3d of January, 1830. 

No sooner had the citizens of Exeter become organ- 
ized as a town than they began to manifest a renewed 
interest in the education of their children. At their sec- 
ond town meeting. May 28, 181 1, on the tenth article of 
their warrant, "Voted eighty dollars for schooling this 
year." On Article 19, "Voted two hundred dollars for 
building school-houses," which are the first votes touching 
the subject of education. At this meeting Joseph Os- 
good, Joseph Pease, Jr., and Samuel Brown were chosen 
a committee to superintend the building of school-houses. 
The sum of $80, raised for schooling, was to be paid 
by the first day of February, 181 2, in wheat at 9s., rye at 
7s., or corn at 6s. per bushel. 

The town met again December 26, iSii, to consider 
the question whether school-houses should be built by 
the town or the several school districts. After consider- 
able discussion and deliberation, it was decided "That 
the town will build school-houses for the several districts 
as soon as they shall contain twenty children from the 
ages of four to twenty -one years;" and Charles Butters, 
Joseph Pease, Jr., and Aaron Hatch were chosen a 



876 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



committee "to mark out the outlines of as many school 
districts as they shall think proper to make." 

The committee forthwith made their report, which was 
accepted. This report embraced three school districts, 
viz.: "South Central" (southeast No. i, Hill's Corner), 
"Northeast" (No. 2, Osgood Settlement), and "North- 
west" Districts (Exeter Corner). This division was found 
to be impracticable; for, at a meeting of January 17, 
i8i2, the town voted to have but two school districts, 
viz.: "Southeast and Northeast, and that the dividing 
line between them be the centre line which passes 
through the town north and south;" and that the money 
($200) which had been raised May 28, iSii, "or its 
stated value in grain," be apportioned to the building of 
said houses. 

These houses were to be 26 by 20 feet on the ground, 
9-foot posts, and hipped roof, and to be set up and fit 
for summer schools by the 20th day of June next (A. D. 
1812). 

These two houses were built in the summer of 1812, 
but not in season for the summer schools. They were 
used for schools, however, the next winter, 1813. 

On the 19th December, 181 2, the inhabitants voted 
"That the town be districted anew, and to contain but 
four districts, running a line through the town east and 
west betwixt the Sixth and Seventh ranges, and a line 
north and south through the town betwixt No. 6 and 
No. 7, throughout the ranges, each quarter to form one 
district." It was further voted "That each of the four 
districts shall have five hinidred dollars ai^iece allowed 
them by the town for building school-houses." The 
school-houses in the foregoing districts were built by the 
town, and all others have since been built by the several 
districts. The school-house in the Northwest District 
was built in 1815, and the Southwest (No. 4) in 1820. 
Other districts have since been set off from the four 
original districts, and established in the following order, 
viz.: District No. 5, in 1820; No. 6, in 1833; No. 7, in 
1824; No. 8, in 1827; No. 9, in 1829; No. 10, in 1831; 
No. II, in 183s; No. 12, in 1839; No. 13, in 1839; No. 
14, in 1 841; and No. 15, in the same year, 1841. 

The first public town school in Exeter was taught in 
the summer of 1811, in District No. i, or Southeast Dis- 
trict, by Miss Susan Prescott, daughter of Nathan Pres- 
cott, then living in the district. That school was kept 
in the west room of Joseph Pease's log house, being on 
Lot No. 6, Range 3, now known as the James Brown 
place. 

The second town school in the same district was 
taught in the summer of 1812, by Miss Elizabeth Budge, 
in a room in Nathan Prescott's log house (there being, in 
fact, none other than log houses at that time in the town). 

During the same summer, 1812, the first town school 
was taught in District No. 2, or the Northeast District (then 
so called), by Miss Mary T. Hill, daughter of Captain Na- 
thaniel Hill, then living in the district. The next winter, 
1813, Isaac Jacobs was the first male teacher in District No. 
1, and Lewis Bean in District No. 2. The first school 
in District No. 3, or Northwest District, was taught in 
the summer of 1813, by Miss Sarah Shaw, daughter of 



George Shaw, who had removed his family here the same 
year from New Durham, New Hampshire, and continued 
to reside here until his death. In the summers of 1814 
and 1815 the schools in this district were taught by 
Betsey Shaw, a sister of Sarah (the first teacher). The 
first male teacher in District No. 3 was Isaac Jacobs, 
who taught here in the winter of 1816-17, and again the 
'next winter following. The first school in District No. 
4, or Southwest District, was taught by Sally Peabody, of 
Corinth, in the summer of 18 18; and Hannah Peabody, 
her sister, taught in the same district in 1819. The first 
male teacher in No. 4 was James Adams, who taught 
here in the winter of 1823-24. 

Exeter High School was incorporated in March, 1838, 
with an appropriation of six hundred dollars from the 
State. The first preceptor in this institution was the 
late Dr. Albert Wheelock, of Belfast, Maine. The high 
school was located at Exeter Corner, where a large, com- 
modioijs building was erected by School District No. 3, 
and is used both for the high school and the public 
town school. 

THE EXETER SOCIAL LIBR.\RY 

was established at East Exeter, in January, 1826, being 
the first public library in town; and John Huckins, then 
a merchant in the place, was chosen Librarian. In the 
establishment of this library, Flavel Butters was an active 
mover, and chairman of the committee to solicit sub- 
scriptions for shares in the library, at two dollars per 
share; and also to select and purchase the books. 

In after years, when the books had been extensively 
read, they were divided among the shareholders. 

PL.-^CES OF TOWN MEETINGS. 

The Exeter Town House was erected, for municipal 
purposes, in the summer of 1843. Prior to this time, 
town meetings were held at private houses in different 
parts of the town, and at school-houses, as the selectmen 
of the town might direct. The private houses at which 
town meetings were held, at different times, during the 
first ten years of the town's municipal history, were those 
of Samuel Eastman on lot No. i, R. 6; William Hill on 
No. 6, R. 7 ; Levi Stevens on No. 3, R. 6; Jonathan 
Palmer No. 3, R. 8; and Isaac Jacobs on No. 5, R. 7. 

The first town meeting held at a school- house, was on 
the 3d of April, 1815, at the "Southeast School House" 
(No. i), where the town again met May 20, 1816. 

On the 4th of November, 1816, a town meeting was 
held, for the first time, at the " Northeast School House " 
(No. 2). 

On the 9th of March, 18 18, for the first time, a town 
meeting was held at the "Northwest School House" 
(No. 3). 

And the annual March meeting, in 1835, was held at 
the school-house in District No. 4. 

CHURCHES. 

Prior to the building of the old school-house in Dis- 
trict No. I, no public building of any kind had ever been 
built in town, but, as the early settlers were a religious, 
church-going people, and having no other places in which 
to assemble, the farmers' barns were used in summer. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



877 



and their log-house kitchens in winter, as places of public 
religious worship. That was at a time when almost 
every one, within four or six miles, attended religious 
meetings on the Sabbath, females not excepted, and 
walked this distance with great seeming alacrity; when 
feelings of kindness were entertained, and acts of bene- 
volence exercised by each, towards all others ; when 
each rejoiced at the prosperity of his neighbor, and 
sympathized with him in adversity and affliction; when 
none of those hateful, invidious distinctions existed in 
society which too often destroy the confidence, peace 
and happiness of neighborhoods and communities; 
when the criterion of respectability was neither in the ] 
contents of one's purse, the cut, or texture of a 
garment, nor the furniture of his domicile ; when not a 
town was incorporated, nor a school-house, nor a meet- 
ing-house erected north and west of Bangor, within the 
then county of Hancock; at a time when 

To build the towering church and spire, 

God's people were not able, 
And so, to hear their humble prayer, 
The Lord would meet them anywhere — 
In kitchen, grove, or stable. 

Among the primitive preachers who occasionally held 
meetings among the early settlers, were the Rev. Jotham 
Sewali, Elder Simmons, the venerable John Sawyer, 
Isaac Davis, Paul Ruggles, Enoch Huntting, Jonathan 
Palmer, Joseph Merrill, Joseph Osgood, Aaron Hatch, 
Peter Burgess, Melville Cox, Joseph Lull, and, more lat- 
terly, Jesse Norcross, Jacob Hatch, and Albana Pease. 

The first baptism in town, by immersion, was adminis- 
tered in the summer of i8ii by Elder Paul Ruggles, of 
Carmel, the candidate for the ordinance being Reuben 
Seavey, who subsequently became an ordained minister 
of the Gospel, of the Calvinistic Baptist persuasion. 
Elder Ruggles held his meeting on the occasion of 
Mr. Seavey's baptism, in the log-house kitchen of Na- 
thaniel Barker, and the rite of baptism administered at 
what was called the " Bradbury Rips," in the Kendus- 
keag Stream, half a mile distant from the place of meet- 
ing. 

A Baptist church was organized in Exeter by the 
Rev. Paul Ruggles in 181 5, but the early records of the 
church are not now to be found. On the sale of the 
lands in town which were " reserved for the ministry," 
the several religious denominations organized their soci- 
eties (regardless of church membership), in order that 
each society might draw its share of the interest accru- 
ing annually from the " Ministerial Fund." But after 
dividing this interest among the religious societies for 
some years, the town at length voted that the Ministerial 
and School Fund should thereafter be held in trust by 
the town, and the interest distributed to the several school 
districts, in proportion to the number of scholars in each, 
for the support of education. 

A Free-will Baptist Church was instituted in town not 
long after that of the Calvinistic Baptists, and the Rev. 
Joseph Osgood was ordained as its pastor, as early as 
18 1 7. Messrs. Osgood and Aaron Hatch were early and 
zealous exhorters in their meetings. At a subsequent 
period the Rev. John Page, Elder Daniel Swett, and 



Samuel Whitney were employed as preachers for the so- 
ciety. At a meeting of the society held May 26, 1827, 
it was "voted to divide the ministerial money equally be- 
tween Elder John Page and Elder Joseph Osgood." In 
1828 the money was divided between Elder John Page 
and Elder Daniel Swett; and in 1829, between Elder 
Page and Elder Samuel Whitney. No decisive move- 
ment is known to have been made to secure [)reaching 
here by the Methodists, till 18 r6, when Ebenezer Hig- 
gins moved into town and interested himself in the mat- 
ter, and succeeded in the formation of an " eight weeks' 
circuit" from Harmony to Palmyra, comprising the towns 
of Harmony, Ripley, Dexter, Garland, Exeter, Corinth, 
Levant, Stetson, Corinna, and St. Albans — all taking the 
name of the "Exeter Circuit." In i8i7the Rev. Joseph 
Lull was sent here, as the first minister upon the circuit. 

In 1818-19 a church was organized here, known as 
the "Christian Band,'' in which the Rev. Albana Pease 
officiated for many years ; afterward becoming a Chris- 
tian Adventist. He died in Exeter September 30, 1863, 
aged seventy-six years, one month and fifteen days. 

A Congregational Church was organized in Exeter in 
1842-3, and Congregational preaching was obtained, al- 
ternately with the Baptists ; and through the efforts of 
the Rev. E. G. Carpenter, a church edifice was erected at 
East Exeter, in 1843, by these two societies, in which the 
desk was occupied, for a year or two, by Mr. Carpenter, 
and Elder Jacob Hatch, of Dexter ; also occasionally by 
the Rev. John Sawyer, of Garland. 

A Universalist Society was also organized in town 
about the year 1834-35, and the Rev. William Frost and 
Rev. William Miller were the officiating clergymen. 
Their meetings were held in school-houses, which were 
generally well filled. 

The first meeting-house in town was built by the Meth- 
odists and Free-will Baptist Society, jointly, at Exeter 
Corner, in 1829. That house was burned within a few 
years after. These two societies then dissolved (jartner- 
ship, and each society built a house for its own accom- 
modation. Since that time other religious societies, 
such as the Christian Adventists iniS4i, the Congrega- 
tionalists and Calvin-Baptists in 1843, and finally the 
Episcopal Society in 1874, have erected their own church 
edifices, and each for its own particular form of worship. 
For these laudable and worth) enterjirises, each of the 
above-named societies is entitled to much credit. But 
to the ladies of Exeter Mills and vicinity was reserved 
the crowning honor of erecting, in the centennial year of 
our national independence, the first Free House within 
the precincts of the town, where the people of every 
creed and denomination may unite in the worship of the 
Great Common Father, and, in the mode and manner his 
conscience shall dictate ; it being designed not only as a 
place for public religious worship, but for scientific lec- 
tures, social gatherings, and for the convenience and 
benefit of a free, intelligent, and progressive people. 
This edifice is called the "Exeter Mills Hall," dedicated 
November 27, 1876. 

li.ARLY ,\r.\KkI.\GES. 

Among the early marriages in Exeter were : Samuel 



878 



History of penobscot county, mainE. 



Osgood and Roxanna Kriapp, 1803; Lemuel Tozier and 
Betsey H. Gates, 1804; Joseph Osgood and Nancy Wil- 
kins, 1806; Nathaniel Barker and Sally Pease, 1807; 
George Tilson and Nancy Barker, r8o8 ; Joseph Pease, 
Jr., and Polly Barker, Aaron Hatch and Betsey Wilkins, 
i8og ; Albana Pease and Sally Barker, Matthew Milliken 
and Peggy Matthews, Rufus Simpson and Nancy Blaven, 
1811. 

TAX-PAYERS OF SIXTY-FOUR YKARS AGO. 

The following is a list of the tax-payers in Exeter for 
the year 1818, and the proportion paid by each, on a tax 
of $300, assessed by Samuel Eastman, Nathaniel Atkins 
and Theophilus Brown, assessors for that year: 

Thatcher Avery, $7 04 Henry Cain $0 70 



6 09 
2 91 
I 73 

4 
6 87 



Nathaniel Atkins 

loshua Atkins 

Elisha .\tkins 

Elisha .Atkins, 2d 

Nathaniel Atkins, ]r 

Ezekiel Atwood 

Theophilus Brown 3 73 

James Brown 2 82 

Lot R. Brown i 29 

Josiah Barker 8 02 

Nathaniel Barker; 4 35 

Lewis Barker 3 61 

Benjamin Ballard 3 72 

Charles Butters 

Simeon Butters 

Daniel Butters 

Nathan Batchelder 

Ebenezer Batchelder.... 

Samuel Browi 

J ohn VV. Buswell 2 74 

Phineas Batchelder 2 68 

Nathaniel Batchelder 4 77 

Asa Cartland 10 10 

John B. Clark i 73 

VVinthrop Chapman 597 

David Crowell 2 51 

]ohn Chamberlain 

Zenas Chamberlain 

Pickman Chamberlain . 

Joseph Carr 

David Cain 

Samuel Osgood 7 25 

Joseph Osgood 2 88 

Benjamin Osgood 3 53 

John Oaks i 71 

Nahum Peirce 85 

Albana Pease 258 

Samuel Pease 

Clark Pease 



Bangs Doane i 24 

Daniel Dole 2 66 

Noah Dow 6 14 

John Daniels 88 

David Dunbar 2 61 

Zenas Dexter 83 

Benjamin Evans 3^5 

.Samuel Eastman 5 60 

Michael Ghdden 141 

William Glidden 97 

Isaac Glidden 70 

Gardner Farmer 4 46 

Mace S. Grinnell 

Francis Hill 



3 23 

5 73 
Nathaniel Hill, Jr 3 71 



Nathaniel Hill. 



4 49 



John Hill 10 37 

4 88 



88 William Hill . 



I 66 
70 



Jonathan Palmer 4 28 

William Palmer i 26 

John Palmer i 06 

I oseph Robinson 2 62 

}ereniiah Richards i 41 

Keuben .Seavey 3 26 

Jonathan Sargent 2 51 

Joseph Sargent 77 



Henry Hill 3 44 

Stephen Holt i 45 

Barachias Holt i 12 

Ebenezer Higgins 2 34 

John Hodsdon 89 

David Hamilton 181 

Leonard Hill 70 

Isaac Jacobs 5 38 

John Kennislon 7 59 

Bartlett Leathers 2 93 

John McLellan i 33 

Timothy Miller i 06 

Nathaniel Oak 12 62 

George Shaw 4 99 

John Shaw 4 99 

Asa Shaw 6 06 

Levi Stevens 5 60 

Benjamin Stinson 75 

Ira .Shepardson 2 63 

Joseph Tibbetts 4 39 

Henry Tibbetts 4 39 

Thomas Townsend i 33 

Ebenezer Towle 3 40 

Ebenezer Towle, J r 3 14 

Paul Towle 4 86 

Smith Williams 70 

Jonas Warner 70 

Har\"ey Woodard 70 



Total $296 09 

OBITUARY. 

Of the foregoing names on the tax-list of 1818, only 
two out of the ninety-five composing the list are now liv- 
ing, viz: Daniel Dole and Leonard Hill. The last one 
that died, out of the list, was Colonel Francis Hill, whose 
exit was on the 8th of January, 1881. He died on the 
old homestead, where, in 1814, he commenced in the 
wilderness to make for himself a farm and a future 



home. Here he had lived ever since. He was left an 
orphan at an early age, and, without a patrimony, was 
obliged to shift (or himself. At the time of his marriage, 
in January, 1815, like most of the early settlers of Exe- 
ter, he and his young wife, who was equal to the emer- 
gency, commenced the struggle of life in a log cabin, de- 
pending mainly on the labor of their hands, and their 
labors were crowned with success. Colonel Hill was 
noted for his habits of industry, economy, and superior 
business tact. In this way he accumulated a large estate, 
and before his death was accounted one of the wealthiest 
men in town. He had often been called, by the suffrages 
of his fellow-citizens, to fill the most important offices in 
town, whose business affairs were ever considered safe in 
his hands. In his death one of the oldest land-marks 
in town has been removed, and of which but very few 
now remain. 

Of the thirty-three petitioners to the Legislature, in 
1810, asking for the incorporation of E.xeter, only one is 
left on the shores of time. That survivor of all his early 
companionsis McKenzie Pease, now (1881) in his ninety- 
fifth year, and living with his daughter in Bangor. He 
was a twin brother of the late Rev. Albana Pease. 

THE POST-OFFICES. 

In Exeter are four post-offices — Exeter, South Exeter 
(formerly Hill's Corner), Exeter Mills, and East E.xeter. 
The first was established at Exeter Corner, May i, 1824, 
and John Shaw was the first postmaster. The second 
was established February 27, 1S34, and Bradbury Robin- 
son was appointed postmaster. The third was established 
December b, 1844, and David N. Buffum appointed 
postmaster. The fourth was established in 1854, and 
John Cuttler appointed the first postmaster. 

APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENT.^TIVE DISTRICTS. 

1820-21. New Charleston, Blakesburg, Levant, Cor- 
inth, Exeter, and Plantation No. i. Third Range, and 
No. I, Fourth Range, one Representative. 

1821, March 22. Exeter, Corinth, New Charleston, 
Garland, and Dexter, one Representative. 

1831, March 10. Exeter and Dexter, one Representa- 
tive. 

1841, April 2. Exeter, one Representative. 

1842, March 17. Exeter and Garland, one Repre- 
sentative ; and these tv\ o towns still remain as one Rep- 
resentative District. 

SENATORS. 

In 1837 and 1838 Ebenezer Higgins, of Exeter, was 
elected Senator to the State ]..egislature; and for 1881 
and 1882 Francis W. Hill of Exeter, was elected by the 
county for that office, which he now holds. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

1820-23, Daniel Wilkins, New Charleston; 1824-25, Cornelius Cool- 
idge, De.xter; 1826, Winthrop Chapman, Exeter; 1827-31, Reuben 
Bartlett, Garland; 1832, Reuben S. Prescott, Exeter; 1833, Isaac 
Smith. Dexter; 1834. Chandler Eastman, Exeter; 1835, Oilman M. 
Burleigh, Dexter; 1836, Ebenezer Higgins, Exeter; 1837, Isaac Russ, 
Dexter; 1838, Noah Barker, Exeter; 1839, Charles C. Cushman, 
Dexter; 1840, Noah Barker, Exeter; 1841, Isaac Hatch, Dexter; 1842, 
Hammon Eastman, Exeter; 1843, Smith Libby, Exeter; 1844, Lyndon 
Oak, Garland; 1845, Charles Butters, Exeter; 1846, Lyndon Oak, Gar- 
land; 1847, William Palmer, Exeter; 1848, Stephen D. Jennings, Gar- 




(JlO-(Jy!■'^Cc<) 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



879 



land; 1849, Isaiah Avery. Kxeter; 1850. Loring D. Hayes, Garland; 
1851-52, Samuel M. Woodman, Exeter; 1853. Joseph T. Knight. Gar- 
land; 1854-55, Thomas K. Holt, Exeter; 1856, Noah Barker, Exeter; 
1857, Artemas Merriam, Garland; 1858, Joshua Palmer, Exeter; 1859, 
Noah W. Johnson, Garland; i860, Winthrop Chapman, Exeter; 1861, 
Luthtr Rideout, Garland; 1862, E. H. Small. Exeter; 1863, Daniel M. 
Haskell, Garland: 1864, John W. Osgood, Exeter; 1865, Lyndon Oak, 
Garland; 1866, Augustus E. Chandler, Exeter; 1867, Lyndon Oak, 
Garland; 1868, Amasa Stetson, Exeter; 1869, Lyndon Oak, Ciarland; 
1870, John Whitney, Exeter; 1871, Andrew M, Haskell, CJarland; 1872, 
David Barker, Exeter; 1873, Lorenzo Oak, Garland; 1874, Benjamin ] 
Frost, Exeter; 1875, Edson L. Oak, Garland; 1876, James L. Linnell, 
Exeter; 1877, George S. Clark, Garland; 1878, George S. Hill, Exeter; 
1879, Charles Seward, Garland; 1S80, George S. Hill, Exeter; 1881--82, 
Calvin P. Berry, Garland. 

CORONERS. 

The following-named persons have served as Coroners 
from Exeter: 

Josiah Barker, June 24, 1829; Ebenezer Higgins, December 25, 1833; 
Ebenezer MouUon, March 2, 1837; Charles W. Adams, March 24, 
1838; Philbrick B. Tay, May 2, 1839; Isaiah ,\very, November 7, 
1839 to May I, 184S. 

DEDIMUS JUSTICES. 

The following have been ajjpointed since the admis- 
sion of Maine as a State : 

Isaac Jacobs, July 7, 1821; Winthrop Chapman, March 13. 1826; 

Ebenezer Higgins, Miirch 17. 1836; John L. Hodsdon, Janu.iry 1, 1839; 

Chandler Eastman, May 2, 1839; Isaiah .Avery, September 25. 1847; 
Noah Barker. May 11, 1852. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 

The following were appointed by the (Governor of 
Massachusetts: 

John Chamberlain, March 20, 1816; John Kenniston, March 20, 
1816; Isaac Jacobs, July 3, 1818. 

The following Justices of the Peace were appointed 
after the separation from Massachusetts, from the year 
1826 to 1855, inclusive, twenty-five years; each for terms 
of seven years: 

1826, Benjamin Evans; 1827, Ezekiel Hayes; 1828, Charles Butters, 
Winthrop Cliapman, Isaac Jacobs, Joseph Tibbetts; 1829, Henry Hill, 
John B. Hill; 1831. Reuben S. Prescott. Chandler Eastman, Ezekiel 
Hayes; 1835, Francis Hill; 1836, Joshua Palmer, Samuel Bromi, Wil- 
liam Fairfield, Henry Hill, John Lovett, Ebenezer Higgins, Winthrop 
Chapman, James .Adams; 1837, Noah B.arker, .Alexander M. Robinson; 
1838, John W. Osgood, George W. Hill. Chandler Eastman, Hazen 
E.istman, Edward Snow; 1839, Augustus C. Smith, 1841, William 
Clark; 1842, Joseph C. Chandler. Francis Hill; 1843, Ebenezer Hig- 
gins ; 1844, George Kenniston. Henry Hill. Noah Barker, Francis AV. 
Hill. David Barker; 1845, Samuel K. White, John L. Hodsdon. 
Hazen Eastman, George W. Wilcox; 1846, Lorenzo D. Butters, 
Benjamin B. Brown; 1848, Thomas McCard, Mark Barker, John Bus- 
well; 1849, Francis Hill, Isaiah .\very, Henry P. Haynes ; 1850, James 
M. Daniels, Benjamin B. Brown, Ebenezer Higgins; 1851, Noah 
Barker, David Barker, Francis W. Hill. 

DEPUTY SHERIFFS. 

The following is a list of the Deputy Sheriffs down to 
the year 1 85 1 : 

Francis Hill, Ebenezer Higgins, Ebenezer Moulton, Philbrick B. 
Tay, Charles W. Adams, Isaiah .Avery. Augustus C. Smith, George 
W. Hill, Allen C. Tibbetts, .Nathaniel Barker. 

In 1855 Hon. Francis W. Hill, of Exeter, was .Sheriff of Penobscot 

county. 

MERCHANTS. 

The first merchant in town was Samuel Currier, who 
came here from Vermont in June, 1819, and opened a 
stock of goods in 1821, in a small building then standing 
where the Abee House, at East Exeter, now stands, 
the iilace being then known as Stevens's Mills. He 



soon after built a new store adjoining the old one, which 
last was occupied by the district, in the winter of 1822, 
for a school-house, in which John Shaw was teacher. 
The merchants who succeeded Currier at this place 
were, John Huckins, in 1824-25; Reuben S. Prescott, in 
1827, who continued here till May, 1833; Joseph Ken- 
drick, Jr., Henry G. Hill, David Barker, Warren R. 
Abee, John Cutler, Butters & Shaw, Lorenzo D. Butters, 
and John Q. .\dams (the |)resent trader of the place), 
and each at different times engaged in mercantile busi- 
ness. 

In 1822, after closing his school in the Currier store, 
John Shaw built a store at Exeter Corner (then a forest), 
and commenced trade therein, this being the second 
store built in town, and the only ime then occupied. 
Mr. Shaw continued in the mercantile business till May, 
1 85 1, having followed the business twenty-nine years. 
The amount of goods sold by him during that time, as 
he says in his letter, "was probably from $200,000 to 
$300,000." The successors of John Shaw, at Exeter 
Corner, have been Ezekiel Hayes, Shaw's partner, in 
1824; Andrew Shaw, as jiartner, in 1825: John Walker, 
in August, 1825 ; John D. Prescott, with J. Shaw, in 
April, 1835. Joseph and Josiah Paine bought out Walker, 
and commenced in 1835; they sold to Andrew Pease, in 
1836; and about this time Joseph and Henry M. True 
commenced trade in the building since occupied as a 
law-office by John L. Hodsdon and David Barker. In 
1839 William W. French commenced trade in the 
Shaw store; and in 1840 .-Xugustus C. French com- 
menced in partnership with J. Shaw. In 1842 Lewis T. 
Toscelyn commenced and sold out to J. Walker in 1847. 
Francis W. Hill commenced trade at the corner about 
the year 1843; and Samuel Heard, Jr., about 1848. 

Joshua Gammon, J. T. Morton, Noah H. Smith, and 
Ezekiel H. Page, were each in trade here before the 
present merchants, George S. Hill and John Whitney, 
commenced. 

At Exeter Mills the first merchant was Zebediah 
Holt. He was succeeded by Benjamin Plummer, Phil- 
brick B. Tay, William Hunnewell, David N. Buffum, 
Thomas J. Hill, George W. Libby, Edward & John 
Snow, Benjamin B. Brown & .Mark Parker, Nathaniel E. 
& Charles Brown, Thomas Mansfield, John Whitney^ 
Edmund T. Canney, Benjamin R. Laird, and Mr. Fau- 
sette, who is now the only merchant in the jilace. 

.\t Linnell's Corner the first trader was \Villiam Can- 
ney, ist, who in 1825 opened a store of goods in the 
west room of Timothy Drew's dwelling house. He 
afterwards commenced trade at South Exeter, then 
known as "Canney's Corner." His successors at Lin- 
nell's Corner were Edmund Pcavey, Henry Hill, Brad- 
bury Robinson, Levi Cutler, and James L. Linnell. 

At South E.xeter the first merchant was William Can- 
ney, ist; since his death the traders have been Reuben 
Butters, Flavel B. Shaw, Edmund T. Canney, and J. W. 
Kent, who is now the only trader there. 

PHYSICIANS. 

The first jjhysician in Exeter was Dr. Benjamin Evans, 
who settled here in 181 7. His successors have been 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



William Fairfield, William R. Morrill, Dr. Waterhouse, 
J. M. Small, John B. Wilson, S. W. L. Chase, and F. 
N. Wheeler, Drs. Chase and Wheeler being the present 
practitioners. 

LAWYERS. 

The first lawyer in town was John B. Hill, Esq., who 
settled at Exeter Corner in 1827-28. His successors 
have been Samuel Cony (afterwards Governor of the 
State), James .'\dams, Charles Cushman, Alexander M. 
Robinson, Josiah Crosby, George W. Wilcox, John L. 
Hodsdon, and David Barker, who died September 14, 
1874. At present (1881) there is no lawyer in town. 

E.\RLIEST MECHANICS IN EXETER. 

The first saddler in town was John Chamberlain, who 
came here in 1S03, and died in 1830. 

The first shoemaker was Thomas Townsend, who 
came here in 1809, and died of small-pox in 182 1. 

The first house-joiner was Samuel Hersey, who finished 
off the first school-house in town, in 1812. He was fol- 
lowed, in 181 5, by Stephen Holt, who was a mechanic 
of the first order ; not only a joiner but a wheelwright, 
and built the first wagon that was ever constructed in 
Exeter. His ingenuity seems to have descended, as by 
inheritance, to his sons, Stephen, Edward B., and 
Thomas K., the latter of whom is still living, and a supe- 
rior workman. He built the Corporation Mills at Veazie. 

The first hatter in town was Joseph Bradbury, who 
came here in 1806, and raised his hatter-shop on the 
Dole farm, August 19, 1814. He removed with his 
family to Ohio in 1S16. 

The first blacksmith in town was Zenas Dexter, who 
came here in 1817. His shop stood nearly on the site 
where now stands the school-house at East Exeter, then 
Stephens's Mills. 

The first printer was Benjamim V. Tozier, who started 
a news]ia[)er here in 1843, called The Pioneer, which 
was a short-lived concern, dying for want of patronage. 

The first cabinet-maker in town was David Adams, 
who built his house at Exeter Corner in 1821, where he 
worked at his trade for several years and then went to 
Massachusetts. 

The first tanner in town was Hazen Eastman, who 
came here in 1820. He is still living at Exeter Mills. 

The first tin plate-workers were William C. and Leon- 
ard P. Smith, who worked at the business at Exeter 
Mills as early as 1831;. Leonard P. is now at Seattle, 
Washington Territory. 

The first goldsmith in Exeter was John A. Mayhew, 
who worked at his trade at Exeter Corner for some yeais, 
and then removed to Bangor, where he died not long 
since. 

The first chair-maker in town was .Samuel K. White, 
who was an excellent workman, and died here of cholera 
in 1849. 

The first tailor was David Dinsmore, who died in 
Minnesota soon after his arrival there in 1851. 

The first painter, glazier, and paper-hanger in town 
was Daniel Dole, who purchased his farm here in 1816, 
and moved his family here in 1825. He is now the 
oldest citizen living in town. 



The first regular butcher and meat vender was Con- 
sider Glass, who commenced buying the fanners' calves 
and lambs in about the year 1841-42. 

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. 

The first saw- and grist-mill in town was built at East 
Exeter, by Levi Stevens, in 18 13. Previous to this 
time the inhabitants were under the necessity of going 
through the woods on horseback, either to Hodsdon's 
Mills in Kenduskeag, or to Elkins's Mills in Dexter, to 
get their corn and grain ground. 

The first carding and cloth-dressing in Exeter was 
done by John .Vtkins, who built his clothing mill at East 
Exeter in 1821-22. This mill was burnt in the winter of 
1825, when John Cutler and Horace. S. Upham bought 
the privilege and rebuilt the mill, where they carried on 
the business extensively for several years. Mr. Upham 
died in Exeter in the fall of 1841, and Mr. Cutler in 
Bangor February 9, 1862. His son, John L. Cutler, is 
now one of the prominent business men in Bangor. He 
was born in Exeter, March 9, 1829, where he still re- 
tains an interest in the mills, long known as Cutler's 
Mills, at East Exeter. 

■ MILITARY HISTORY. 

The history of the old Militia Company of Exeter, 
embracing, at last, within its limits, only the north half 
of the town, commences at an early period in the annals 
of the county, and continues down to about the year 
1843-44, when, by act of legislation, all the ununiformed 
militia of the State was exempted from active duty, "ex- 
cept in case of insurrection, war, invasion, or to prevent 
invasion." We find, indeed, that this was the oldest 
military company within the limits of the present county 
of Penobscot, being a perpetuation of the original com- 
pany organized on the Penobscot River, in 1776. After 
the breaking out of the Revolution, in 1775, the Provin- 
cial Congress of Massachusetts lost no time in securing 
the Penobscot Indians in the interest of the Colonies. 
Accordingly Captain John Lane was sent by the Provin- 
cial Congress to raise a company from the Penobscots to 
join in the war. 

The result was that in 1776 a company, consisting of 
twenty white men and ten Indians, was organized, and 
one Andrew Gilman, who was then living among the In- 
dians and understood their language, was made Com- 
manding Lieutenant, and Joseph Mansall (afterwards 
captain of the company) orderly sergeant. 

"This was the first military organization, and a rude 
fort, at the angle of the roads just above Mt. Hope, was 
their headquarters. They acted as rangers until the 
British occupied 'Bagaduce,' or Castine, in 1779."* 

About this time the company was under the command 
of Captain Smith. t In 1800 that company, then em- 
bracing Bangor and a territory called "Kenduskeag," 
which now composes the towns of Glenburn, Levant, 
Corinth, Charleston, Exeter, etc., was commanded by 
Captain Edward Wilkins, who then resided in what is 
now the town of Charleston. In 1802 the company was 
divided, a new company being organized in Bangor, and 

'Bangor Centennial Address by Hon. J. E. Godfrey. 
i^General Isaac Hodsdon's Letter. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



88i 



Timothy Crosby was elected captain, Wilkins still com- 
manding the old coni|3any. 

On the 2ist day of October, 1S05, Wilkins resigned, 
and 51isha May hew (then living on the old "Leavitt 
place" in Levant, opposite the "Oakman homestead" in 
Corinth), was elected captain, Isaac Hodsdon, lieutenant, 
and Samuel Grant, ensign. In 1806 Elijah Skinner, of 
Corinth, was chosen ensign, vice Grant, removed. 

Mayhew's company embraced the present towns of 
Levant, Corinth, E.xeter, and Stetson. 

In December, 1810, Captain Mayhew was elected 
Colonel of a regiment, and left Hodsdon in command 
of the company. In March, 181 1, Hodsdon was ap- 
pointed Adjutant, but still held his command of the com- 
pany. 

On Tuesday, April 30, iSii, Josiah Barker, of E.xeter, 
was chosen captain, and on the first Tuesday of May, 
181 1, there was a "training '' at his house, this being the 
first " militia training " in Exeter. 

In August, iSir, a new company was formed in Cor- 
inth and Levant, of which Reuben Ball, of Corinth, was 
elected captain, leaving Barker in command of the old 
company, composed of Exeter and Stetson, and of 
which Nathaniel Ingalls, of Stetson, was orderly ser- 
geant and clerk. 

In 1S16 a new company was organized in Stetson, of 
which John Lakin was chosen captain, leaving Barker 
still in command of the old company. After the forma- 
tion of this new company in Stetson, Winthrop Chapman 
was elected lieutenant, and Ira Shepardson ensign of the 
old company, and John Palmer was appointed orderly 
sergeant and clerk. 

Captain Barker held his commission till i8i8, as ap- 
pears by the following extract from the company rec- 
ords : 

KEGIMENTAL ORDERS. 

Corinth, loth March. 1818. 
The company lately commanded by Captahi Josiah Barker will meet 
at Stevens's Mill, in E.xeter, on Friday, the 20th instant, at one of the 
clock p. M. , to elect a capt.iin in lieu of Captain Josiah Barker, who is 
honorably discharged at his ow-n request, and to fill any vacancy that 
(may) happen by said choice. 

By order of the Colonel, 

George Simpson, 

.\djutant of Fourth Regiment. 
To Ensign Ira Shepardson, E.xeter. 
.\ true copy,- attest, John P.xlmer, Clerk, 
On the 20th day of March, 18 18, Ira Shepardson was 
elected caiJtain and Joseph Tibbetts ensign. Chapman 
still held his commission as lieutenant, though super- 
seded by Shepardson, till July 3, 1819, when Joseph 
Tibbetts was elected lieutenant, and Francis Hill en- 
sign. 

On the 20th of May, 1822, Lieutenant Joseph Tib- 
betts was elected captain, Francis Hill lieutenant, and 
Joshua Atkins ensign. 

In 1824 a new compiny was formed called the Exe- 
ter South Company, embracing the south half of the 
town, and of which Stephen B. Chamberlain was elected 
captain, Sewall Chapman lieutenant, and James Brown 
ensign. The successors of Chamberlain as captains of 
the new company were Samuel Currier, Henry Hill, 
Smith Libby, George W. Hill, and Captain Elijah Crane, 



who was in office at the time the militia system was 
changed by statute enactment, his associates in office be- 
ing Lieutenant Allen C. Tibbetts and Ensign Nathaniel 
Barker. 

After the division of the company in 1824, the old 
company made choice of Francis Hill captain, Ham- 
mon Eastman lieutenant, and John Walker ensign. 
This was the first choice of officers after the division of 
the old Exeter company. 

On the 20th of February, 1826, Captain Francis Hill 
was elected lieutenant-colonel, vice Lieutenant-Colonel 
Philip Greely, deceased; and May 20, 1826, the com 
pany elected Hammon Eastman captain, John Walker 
lieutenant, and Andrew Shaw ensign. On the i6th April, 
1829, John Walker was chosen captain, Andrew Shaw 
lieutenant, and Joshua Palmer ensign. May 12, 1832, 
Andrew Shaw captain, Joshua Palmer lieutenant, and 
rXivid F. Hill ensign. August 10, 1833, Joshua Palmer 
captain, and Isaiah Avery lieutenant, David F. Hill still 
remaining ensign of the company. July 25, 1835, Isaiah 
Avery captain, David F. Hill lieutenant, and Samuel 
Heard, Jr., ensign. May 13, 1837, D. F. Hill having 
been honorably discharged, Samuel Heard, Jr., was 
elected lieutenant, and Samuel Osgood, Jr., ensign. Feb- 
ruary 23, 1S39, Osgood having been discharged, Joshua 
D. Gammon was elected ensign. On the same day a 
draft was made in the company, by order of Colonel 
Charles W. Piper, for "minute men," "to be in readiness 
any moment called for," to enter upon service in the 
"Aroostook War;" whereupon the following names were 
drawn, to wit: Robert Gray, Samuel Roak, David Dins- 
more, Luther C. Bachelder, and Samuel K. Holt, drafted 
as privates; William P. Palmer for sergeant, and Charles 
Berry for fifer. [See Piper's order.] On the 2 6lh Feb- 
ruary, 1839, four more privates were drafted from the 
company, viz: Nathaniel H. Shaw, Daniel W. Edgerly, 
John Kimball, and Ansel Shaw. At the same time a 
draft was also made in the Exeter South Company, 
and John Townsend, William Grinnell, Hiram Peavey, 
Jonathan Peavey, (and perhaps some others) were drafted 
as privates, and William PuUen for sergeant; he and Na- 
thaniel Barker standing the draft together, and the two 
drawing lots, it fell to Pullen to serve. 

A company was now raised called the Exeter Volun- 
teers, being the first that arrived at what is now Fort 
F"airfield, on the Aroostook River, where they encamped 
in the snow, and immediately commenced the construc- 
tion of the fort, which was named in honor of Governor 
Fairfield, of Maine. The Exeter men in that company 
were Lorenzo D. Butters, captain; Reuben Butters, Gus- 
tavus Colbath, Robert Colbath, Jesse F-airbanks, Mace 
S. Grinnell, Charles B. Grinnell, and J. Warren Pease, 
privates; and Nathan D. Walker, of the Exeter Cavalry, 
and William O. Colbath, as teamsters to transport the 
soldiers and munitions of war from Bangor to headquar- 
ters. 

October 17, 1840, Cajitain Avery having been promot- 
ed, Samuel Osgood, Jr., was elected captain of the E.xeter 
North Company, and continued in command as long as 
the old militia system was in vogue. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



From its earliest municipal record down to the pres- 
ent the citizens of Exeter have ever manifested a laudable 
military spirit, and have ever been loyal to the country 
and ready to rally in defense of the dear old flag. In- 
deed, many of the first settlers of the town had been 
soldiers under Washington, and thus brought the "spirit 
of the Revolution " and of independence with them. 
Among the old patriots of 1776, were Daniel Barker, 
John Chamberlain, Charles Crosby, Sr., John McLellan, 
Elias Milliken, and John Oaks, Sr., who had all been in 
active service. 

Mr. Oaks and his interesting "war stories," wjiich he 
would often relate, even in religious meetings, are still 
remembered by many of the old citizens of the town. 
He was born in Harvard, Massachusetts, February 22, 
1757, and died in Exeter June 25, 1842, in his eighty- 
si.xth year. He enlisted in the "War of 1776," in the 
summer of 1775, the year before the Declaration of In- 
dependence, in which he served his country till its close. 
He was in the memorable battle of Bennington, besides 
five other general engagements. He, with two others, 
was selected by General Washington to go from Long 
Island to Quebec to learn the movements of the enemy. 
His father had also been out in the French War, and was 
engaged with General Wolfe on the plains of Abraham. 
"Being a skilful mechanic, he was employed to make 
the coffin in which the brave General Wolfe was buried."* 

At the commencement of the War of 18 12 the little 
town of Exeter was only a "yearling," having been incor- 
porated but a single year. But the "spirit of '76" still 
animated the sons of the sires; and though wanting in 
pecuniary resources, the infant town, both in its munici- 
pal and in its military capacity, was ready to turn out its 
yearling to Brother Jonathan to lock horns with John 
Bull, or even to breast the British Lion. 

Not less than seven of the early settlers enlisted and 
served in that war, some of whom were stationed at Ma- 
chias and Eastport, while others were sent West, and 
W'ere in the battle of Chatauquay Woods, and afterwards 
stationed at Stewartstown, on the Canada border, where 
the late General Isaac Hodsdon was in command. 

The names of those who entered the L-nited States 
service at that time from Exeter were Elisha Crosby, 
Charles Crosby, Jr., Pickman Chamberlain, Frank Hatch, 
Samuel Judkins, Samuel Pease, and Clark Pease. 

In 1814, when the British fleet ascended the Penob- 
scot River and took temporary possession of Castine, 
Hampden, and Bangor, Captain Barker, with his compa- 
ny, was called out, and ordered to march, post haste, to 
Hampden, there to join the regiment, in order to prevent 
the British fleet from capturing the corvette Adams, com- 
manded by Captain Charles Morris, and then lying at 
anchor for repairs. But the company, on arriving at the 
Legro place in Bangor, met Ca[)tain Morris and his 
crew, who had spiked their guns, and then blown up the 
Adams, and were on their retreat through the w-oods to 
Kennebec. Here Captain Barker received countermand- 
ing orders from General Blake to proceed no further, but 
to return to Exeter with his company. On their return 
*See Hanson's History of Canaan, p. 128. 



they were accompanied by Captain Morris and his ship's 
crew to Exeter, where they remained several days, to " rest 
and refresh themselves." Of Captain Morris's crew, one 
was an intelligent sailor named Robbins, who had once 
been cast away on the coast of Barbary, where he was a 
long time in captivity, and on his return published a 
journal of his adventures, which was eagerly read. Rob- 
bins's Journal was then to be found in most of our social 
libraries. When Robbins left Exeter he presented Ira 
Barker, then a boy, with his musket, which was long 
kept as an heirloom in the family. 

The following is a copy of the Muster Roll of the 
Exeter Company, in 181 7, soon after the close of the war: 

COiMiNUSSIONED Ol'FICERS. 

Captain josiali Barker. 
Lieutenant Winthrop Cha]:)man. 
Ensign Ira Sliepardson. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

.Sergeant Jolm Palmer. 
Sergeant Joshua Atlvins. 
Sergeant Pickman Clianiberlain. 
Sergeant Henry Hi!!. 
Musician Clark Pease. 
Musician Zenas De.xter. 
Musician Samuel Pease. 
Musician David Hamilton. 

RANK AND FILE. 

Albana Pease. Benjamin Osgood, Bangs Doane. Benjamin Ballard, 
Benjamin Stinson, Barachias Holt, Bartlett Leathers, Charles Butters, 
Christopher Hill, Charles Crosby. Da\'id Cain, David Boyd; Elisha 
Atkins, 1st, Elisha .Atkins, 2d, Ebenezer Towle, Jr., Ebcnezer Higgins, 
Francis Hill, Gardner Farmer, Henry Tibbetts, Henry Cain, Issac Glid- 
den, Joseph Tibbetts, Joseph Robinson, Jonas Warner, John M. Hill, 
John H. Batchelder, John Shaw, James Brown, Lot R. Brown, Mc- 
Kenzie Pease, Mace S. Grinnell, Nathaniel Barker, Nathaniel Batchel- 
der, Nathaniel H. Batchelder, Nathaniel Atkins, Sylvanus Cole, Samuel 
Shaw, Samuel Eastman, Sairiuel Brown, Simeon Butters, Stephen 
Holt, Timothy Miller, William Palmer. [Five others belonged to 
Trafton's Calvary.] 

■STATISTICS, ETC. 

The population of Blasdell Plantation in 18 10 was 
140. In 1820 Exeter town had 583, 1,438 in 1830, 
2,052 in 1840, i,8=;3 in 1850, 1,783 in i860, 1,424 in 
1870, and 1,274 in 1880. 

It had 55 polls in 1812, 109 in 1820, 375 in i860, 348 
in 1870, and 355 in 18S0. 

The valuation of estates for these years, respectively, 
was $1,400.12, $27,390, $303,839, $377,007, and $426,- 
151. The town has steadily grown wealthier, if it has 
fallen off somewhat in population. 

By the Maine Register for 1881, the town contained 
eighteen manufacturers, besides the Exeter Cheese Fac- 
tory, five merchants, three clergymen, and two i^hysicians. 
Its associations were the Pacific Lodge of Free Masons, 
the Holly Lodge of Good Templars, and the Exeter 
Grange No. 86, Patrons of Husbandry. 

The officers of the town for 1881 were: H. W. 
Brown, Richard Davis, Charles L. Albee, Selectmen; J. 
W. Kent, Town Clerk; Hammond Eastman, Treasurer; 
John W. Pease, Constable and Collector; D. R. Leath- 
ers, Constable; John W. Butters, Isaac Eaton, Frank 
Wiggin, School Committee; Nathaniel Barker, Horace 
V. Messenger, E. J. Ames, L. D. Butters, George S. 
Shaw, E. A. Chandler, Francis N. Wheeler (quorum), 
G. S. Hill, F. VV. Hill (tnal), Justices. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



8S3 



Mr. M. H. I.ufkin is Postmaster at Exeter, J. AV. Kent 
at South Exeter, L. D. Butters at East E.xeter, and C. A. 
Fawsette at Exeter Mills. 

BIOGR.^PHICAI. NOTES. 

Surgeon J. B. Wilson.— Dr. John B. Wilson, of 
Exeter, was mustered mto the United States service 
December 21, i86i,as Captain of Company H, Fifteenth 
Regiment Infantry, from which he was discharged for 
promotion as Surgeon, Second Engineers, October 20th, 
1863, after having served as Provost Marshal and A. A. 
Inspector Cleneral, District of West Florida, for the 
preceding nine months. The title of Second Engineers 
Corps d'.Afrique was afterwards changed to Ninety-sixth 
United States Colored Infantry. Shortly after joining 
this corps for duty, Dr. Wilson was detached and served 
successively as Surgeon in charge of Post Hospital, Fort 
Esperanza, Matagorda Island, Texas; Acting Medical 
Purveyor, United States forces, in Texas, until its evacua- 
tion; and Surgeon in charge United States Army General 
Hospital, Fort Gaines, Dauphine Island, Alabama; 
which latter position he held until the acceptance of his 
resignation and honorable discharge on surgeon's certifi- 
cate of disability, January 10, 1865. 

W. L. Quimby, of Exeter, is a son of John Quimby, 
who moved from New Hampshire in 18 13. He is now 
the oldest living settler in town exce[)t one. His wife's 
name was Ruby Townsend, by whom he has had eight 
children, four boys and four girls — Joanna, Royal, 
Betsey, Ward, David, Samuel, Mary, and Laura, all of 
whom are now living. He is now eighty-eight years old, 
and Mrs. (Quimby is eighty-one. W, L. Quimby is the 
second son, and lives two miles from South F^xeter. He 
married I.ydia Judkins, now deceased, by whom he had 
three children, two girls and one boy — Hattie M., Jennie 
E., and Royal. Mr. Quimby owns a good farm of one 
hundred acres. He has served as one of the Selectmen 
of the town. 

The first members of the Tibbetts family to settle in 
the town of Exeter were Joseph and Henry, twin 
brothers, who came from Corinth and settled in the 
southern part of the town, now known as East Exeter. 
Joseph had eight children who arrived at maturity — 
Albert and Eliza (twins), Nancy, David, Abner, Lousana, 
Joseph, and Lovisa. Henry had eleven children, six 
boys and five girls — Mary, Allen, Eunice, Julia Ann, 
Henry, Osborn, Friend, Daniel, Ann Maria, F'rances E., 
and Leander. Elisha C. Tibbetts, now living in East 
Exeter, is the son of Abner, above named ; he settled 
here in 1829, on the place he now owns. He married 
Christana Ulmer, and has seven children now living, five 
boys and two girls — Marcia, Melvan, Charles, Mary, 
Corydon, Clarence, and Dayton. These are all married 
and settled in life, except Clarence and Dayton, who are 
living at home. From the rugged soil covered with trees 
and stone Mr. Tibbetts has made a fine farm. Three 
of his sons are settled near him. 

John Q. Adams, of East Exeter, is a son of J. C. 
Adams, of Bowdoinham. His father, James Adams, 
came from Massachusetts in an early ilay. J. C. Adams 



had seven boys and two girls — John Q., Sarah S. (de- 
ceased), James M., Samuel F., Joseph C, William W., 
Elizabeth, George L., and Albert F. John Q. Adams 
was born March 8, 1849. After receiving a common 
school education he went West and spent seven years in 
the lumber and hotel business. After coming back he 
went into mercantile business in connection with that of 
apothecary. He continued at this five years, when he 
came to East Exeter in 1880, where he is now engaged in 
general merchandise and drug business. He has held 
the oflfice of Town Clerk and Justice of the Peace. In 
1874 he married Etta L. Tibbetts, of Corinna. They 
have three children — John L., Mattie L., and F'rank H. 

E. F. Butters is a son of Flavel Butters, who was born 
in this town, and married Sarah Shaw, by whom he had 
eight children — Almeda J., William M., Frank W., Hat- 
tie J., E. F., Eddie E., Lizzie C, and Arthur L. ¥,. F. 
Flutters is the third son. He was born July 22, T859. 
.\fter receiving a common school education he engaged 
in teaching school winters, and in the mill business at 
East Exeter during the rest of the year. 

S. J. French, of Exeter, is a son of Eben 1'. I'rench, 
who came fiom Durham about 1817 and located in South 
Exeter, near where S. J. now lives. He married Flannah 
Cook, by whom he had five girls and two boys, five of 
whom are now living, viz: S. J.; Emily E., now Mrs. 
Knowles ; Viola; F>dwin L., now living on the home 
place ; and Mary Ellen, now Mrs. Coan. S. J. French 
was born in 1827, and married Clara B. Erskine, by 
whom he had three children, only one of whom, Freder- 
ick C, is now living. Mrs. French died in 187 1, and 
Mr. French married Laura E. Rich, daughter of Deacon 
Joseph Rich, by whom he has one child, Lester S., now 
five years old. He has a fine farm of eighty acres, with 
good buildings, besides his saw-mill, which he bought 
and rebuilt in 1859. There are two saws — one a circular 
board saw and the other a snap-dragon saw. He saws 
boards, pickets, staves, etc. He runs this mill about 
three months each year. 

The father of John Davis was born in the town of 
Norridgewock, Maine, October 5, i8og. When about 
fifteen years of age he went to Oldtown, and after twenty 
years removed to F^tna, where he now lives. His wife 
was Elizabeth Robinson, born at Vassalboro in 1813. To 
them were born nine children — Benjamin F., Samuel A., 
Julia, Henry P., George E., Isadore, John, Mary .\.,and 
Emma E. John Davis was born April 27, 1851. He 
married Clara Bradford, daughter of Peleg and I'lnily 
(Waugh) Bradford, October 22, 1876, and has one child. 
He is at present mail contractor from Exeter to Bangor. 

William M. White was born in Hartland, Maine, in 
182 1. His father was a native of Pembrook, New Hamp- 
shire, and his mother of Hartland. Both are deceased. 
William M. was the first born; the other children were 
Jane, deceased; Mary Jane, deceased; and Lydia. Wil- 
liam M. White married Keziah Huff, in 1849, and had a 
family of eight children : George died aged seven ; Charles 
died aged twelve ; Flavilla died in her twenty-sixth 
year; James married Nellie A. Towle, and has one child; 
Frank died at the age of ten months; Willard O. mar- 



8§4 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



ried Annie Davis and lives in Exeter; Hattie May, and 
Melvin reside at home. 

Nathaniel Barker was born in the town of Exeter, No- 
vember 27, 1 8 14, and has passed his life thus far on the 
farm on which he was born. He served as Sheriff of the 
county for twenty-five years. His wife was Miss Elvira 
Grinnell, daughter of Mace and Rachel (Butters) Grinnell, 
to whom he was married April 22, 1840. She was born 
May 17, 1820. To them have been born six children ; Mary 
E. resides at home; Charles F. died aged twenty years; 
Fred married Viola Shaw and has three children — Roy, 
Helen and Alice; Frank C. married Mary Fernald and 
has two children — Bernice and John; Celia N. married 
Francis Furguson, and died in Minneapolis, Minnesota, 
May 23, 1881, aged thirty; Alice B. resides at home. 

Stephen Chase was born in Nevvburyport, Massachusetts, 
in 1789. When twenty-one years of age he moved to Con- 
cord, New Hampshire, and in 1832 removed to Conway 
in the same State, where he died in 1851. His wife, 
Esther Eastman, was born in Concord in 1788, and was 
married in 181 1. They had a family of six children: 
James, Jacob E., Jonathan E., Chandler E., Samuel W. 
L., and Abby E. Doctor Samuel W. L. Chase was born 
in Concord, New Hampshire, January 21, 1821. He was 
first married to Susan Buswell, who died in 1852. For 



a second wife he married Rosanna Treat, who died in 
1866. A third time he was nsarried, to Martha A. Treat, 
who died in 1869. Again he man led, Augusta A. Pease, 
who died in 1877. He was married to his present wife, 
Ella Gordon, daughter of Amos G., and Mary (Silver) 
Gordon, December 2, 1879. '-'''■ Chase has two children: 
Emma L., who married Walter S. Washburn and has one 
child, Arthur, who resides at home. Dr. Chase resides 
at Exeter Mills, where he is engaged in the practice of his 
profession. 

Nelson Wheeler was born in Corinth in 1809. In 1844 
he removed to Exeter, where he now resides. He has 
been engaged in merchandising, and has served as Post- 
master and Justice of the Peace. His wife was Abigail 
B. Hill, born in Exeter in 18 16, where she died at the 
age of fifty-two. Their children were: Abby E., Francis 
N., Roscoe L., and Rossie Lena". Abby married Thomas 
H. Wentworth, and has two children; Roscoe died aged 
six years; Rossie Lena married Dr. O. W. Stone, of 
Camden. Francis N. Wheeler was born in Corinth, March 
II, 1844, and for the past ten years has been a physician 
and surgeon. September 5, 1873, he married Sarah E. 
Perrce, who was born December i, 1841. Mrs. Wheeler 
is a daughter of Samuel and Harriet Mary (De Laittre) 
Peirce. 



LEE. 



DESCRIPTIVE. 

The town of Lee is not quite thirty-three miles from 
Bangor, but three and a half miles from the Penobscot 
River at its nearest point along the northeast line of Lin- 
coln, and a little less from the European & North 
American Railroad. It is on the stage-route from Lin- 
coln Station, on that road, through the heart of the town 
to Topsfield in Washington county. It is in among towns 
and plantations that are still rather sparsely settled, but 
has itself a quite respectable population, in 1S70 number- 
ing almost one thousand. It is a regular six-mile-square 
township, containing about thirty-six square miles, or 
23,040 acres. On the north it is bounded by Winn, on 
the east by Springfield, on the south by Township No. 3, 
in the First P^ange, and on the west by Lincoln. Web- 
ster Plantation corners with it at the northeast, 
Lakeville Plantation at the southeast, and Burlington 
at the southwest. For the northwest corner the dividing 
line between Winn and Lincoln runs off to the Pe- 
nobscot. 

The principal water of Lee is the Mattakeunk Pond, 



a fine sheet west of Lee post-office, lying somewhat in 
the shape of a isosceles triangle, with its base at the 
westward one and one-fifth miles long, and its perpendic- 
ular from the middle of this shore to the outlet about 
the same length. It has an area of one and one-half 
square miles. At the northwest angle a winding tribu- 
tary of about two miles length flows in from the border 
of Lincoln. From the interior of that town comes a 
larger stream, but with a shorter flow in this town, which 
enters the pond about one-third of the way down its 
west shore. The waters of Mattakeunk make their way 
through a pretty broad outlet into and through Lee vil- 
lage, where they form the Mattakeunk Stream, known 
beyond East Winn post-office as the West Branch, which, 
after union with the East Branch, becomes again the 
Mattakeunk Stream, and flows into the Mattawamkeag 
River near the north line of Winn. The banks of this 
stream, for a mile, more or less, in width on each side 
for about four miles of its course in this town, are almost 
the only parts of Lee that are uninhabited. 

In the southeast angle of the town is the Ware Pond, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



885 



a narrow sheet about a mile long, closely parallel wiih 
another of equal width, but somewhat east of it, the two 
forming the headwaters of the Passadumkeag Stream, no 
other part of which flows in this town. Two little bays 
at the united head of these lakes receives a tributary, the 
easternmost an affluent in two branches, coming in from 
Springfield, and uniting a little way inside the Lee line ; 
the other rises in a pretty large pond a mile to the north- 
west, and receives a tiny affluent about half-way to Ware 
Pond. The former pond has itself a very small affluent 
in two branches from the north. A petty lake a mile 
below Lee village sends a tributary thither to the outlet 
of Mattakeunk Pond, on its way receiving a mile-long 
tributary from another and very small pond east of its 
own source. 

Two smallish ponds in the north part of Township 
No. 3 send their upper edges just inside the south 
boundary of Lee. Between them flows into No. 3 a 
small stream rising very near the little pond south of the 
post-office. Another, flowing about a mile m Lee, passes 
into No. 3 about midway between the head of the Passa- 
dumkeag and the nearest lake on the town line. Within 
a mile northeast of Lee village the Mattakeunk has two 
petty tributaries from the northwest, and one from the 
south. A mile and a half further, and quite near each other, 
two more come in from the east. Half a mile from the 
north line of the town a larger stream from the westward, 
with an affluent passing near School No. 8, enters the 
Mattakeunk. West of the heads of this tributary are the 
sources of another stream which flows about two miles 
north into Winn, which it crosses to a junction with the 
Penobscot. 

The stage road from Lincoln post-office through Lee 
into Springfield is the most thickly settled up of any part 
of the town, except the road from Lee post-office south- 
east and south of Mattakeunk Pond, which is very 
densely settled east and west from School No. 5. This 
road makes an angle at the town line, about two-thirds 
of a mile from the southwest corner, and runs northwest 
and north to a junction with the stage road. Southeast 
of the pond, a mile from the village, a road branches off 
southeast and east, past School No. 8, to a north and 
south road running from near the south line of the town 
to the stage road a mile east of Lee post-office, and 
across it about a mile and a quarter further to the Town 
Farm, one-third of a mile north of School No. 2. Nearly 
one-half mile west of this school a road runs south of 
east into Springfield, puttmg forth a mile away a branch 
toward Ware Pond, which also presently runs into 
Springfield. The stage road is again crossed, two miles 
northwest of Lee village, by a north and south road 
starting near the northwest corner of the town, meeting, a 
mile below, the road from East Winn village, near School 
No. 7, and thence running across the stage road to the 
neighborhood of Mattakeunk Pond, where it turns south- 
west, and ends near the town line a mile west of the 
pond. A north and south road also connects East Winn 
with Lee postofifice. It is connected with the stage road 
by a two-mile highway on the west, making a right-angle 
about half-way, and reaching the mam road a mile north- 



west of the village. On the other side ot the JMauuKcuim 
Stream a third road crosses the northeast angle of Lee 
for about one and one-fourth" miles. 'From the stage 
road at the east town line another wagon-way starts 
northward, and keeps the town line about two and one- 
half miles to a junction with the East Winn road. On 
this line road, a mile above the stage route, a new post- 
office has been established of late years, and called North 
Lee. 

At Lee village is the old post-office of the town, a 
Baptist and one other church, a public school-house, the 
building of the Lee Normal Academy, two cemeteries, a 
trotting park around the little Beaver Pond, with the 
Beaver Pond Stream flowing partly across it into the 
Pond, and a considerable number of mills, stores, and 
shops. It is a flourishing and very hopeful place. 

HISTORIC.-VL SKETCH.* 

At the time of this writing, when the sad history of 
our second martyred President, James A. Garfield, has 
drawn the attention and sympathy of the civilized world, 
some slight attention has been called to Williams Col- 
lege, in Massachusetts, where he gave' that study and re- 
ceived that disciplined mind fitting him for his heroic 
life work, so rudely cut short. In aid of that institution 
the State of Massachusetts granted (February 19, 1805) 
Township No. 4, Second Range north of Bingham's 
Purchase and east of the Penobscot River, afterwards 
Lee, the subject of this historical sketch. The deed was 
not recorded until February 15, 1820. 

This grant was sold to different parties, — a majority 
to Nathaniel IngersoU, of New Gloucester, Cumberland 
county, Maine, for which the college received, as appears 
by records in Massachusetts, the sum of $4,500. 

The grant to the college was with the condition that 
thirty settlers were to be put on within three years, prob- 
ably extended, as IngersoU did not complete by himself, 
or to those he sold to, the settling duties before 1S28, or 
as appears by the college conveying the township to John 
Webber on May 11, 1835. Webber lotted out the town 
in 1820, and seemed to have paid a debt of IngersoU 
and other grantees to the college, or a trustee for them. 

In 1822 IngersoU began to perform these settling du- 
ties, and to that end he employed a man in Lowell co 
commence a clearing in Lee. This man, arriving at a 
point sloping Lee-ward and in good soil, thought he had 
reached the point intended and felled ten acres — the 
amount required. He then reported the same to Inger- 
soU, or agent, who was about to pay him, when, it being 
uncertain that the clearing was made in Lee, a man by 
the name of Harrison Strong was sent to investigate, who 
reported the land situated in Lincoln half-township. 

In 1823 a clearing of ten acres was made on what is 
now the Harrison G. Rich place, in the southwest |)art 
of the town; and in 1824 Jeremiah Fifield and wife, of 
Howland; Thomas Lindsay, of Lowell; and Enoch 
Stone went to Lee and cleared uy and planted the cut- 
ting made the year before. 

Mrs. Lucy Fifield, wife of Jeremiah Fifield, afterwards 

• By B, F. Fernald, Esci.. of Winn. 



86 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



received one hundred acres of land as a reward for being 
the first woman to penetrate the wilderness of Lee. 
Theix son Abram still resides in Lee, and Jeremiah lives 
in Winn, while a daughter m.irried Joseph Deer and lives 
in Winn. March l^, 1825, Jeremiah Fifield, with his 
family, located on the ridge on a farm now occupied by 
Solomon and George Crocker. This ridge lies on a 
cross-road lying between the Winn and Lee and the Lee 
and Lincoln roads. 

In March, 1826, John Tucker, of Dexter, Maine, came 
to Lee and located west of the Ames lot, now connected 
with the Nehemiah Kneebnd place. In June, Samuel 
Parker, of Lowell, located on the Kneeland place; and 
about the same time Isaac Hobbs, of Howland, located 
on what is now the Ames lot. 

In 1827 the first white child born in the town saw 
liuht — .Mary Lucy, daughter of John Tucker. She is 
now the wife of John Varney, and resides in Lee. 

A year previous to this, Thomas Lindsay, one of the 
1824 pioneers, was married to Lucy, daughter of Jere- 
miah Fifield. This was the first marriage in Lee. 

Judith, a daughter of Samuel Parker, was the first 
child to die in Lee; while the first death of an adult was 
that of a Mr. Robinson, of Sidney. 

Mr. Fifield built a log-house, warm and home-like, as 
they often are, and here the first school in Lee was taught 
by his daughter Lucy. Among the first male teachers 
were Jolin Towle, son of Joseph Towle, of Bangor; 
Benjamin Arnold, and John Jackson. The Tuckers, 
Parkers, and Stones still reside in Lee and vicinity. 

At this early day there were two outlets to civilization, 
but when they were made could not be ascertained. The 
United States Government cut a road through the woods 
from below Lincoln mill. It ran through Lee and 
Springfield, direct to Houlton, and was used for the 
transportation of troops and rafters, and for getting sup- 
plies to the troops at Houlton. This road was followed 
by the county road, now known as the Lee and Lincoln 
road, and west of Lincoln as the Lee and Springfield 
road. In the deed it is called the St. Johns road. 

Oaks and Cowan had been largely engaged in lumber- 
ing in Springfield, and on what is now Webster Planta- 
tion, east of Winn, and they had a winter road start from 
where Joseph Snow had located in Winn, in 1820, about 
a mile from the Lincoln line, and running back, very 
soon struck the town line between Winn and Lee. Fol- 
lowing this it very soon struck the line between Siding- 
field and Webster Plantation, and so on to the JNLattagor- 
dus Stream, where Oaks and Cowan were lumbering in 
1826-27. Mattagordus Stream emptied into the Matta- 
wamkcag less than a mile above the village of Kingman. 
This Oaks and Cowan road was used for a while by a 
mail carrier to Houlton. Starting from Snow's with the 
mail bag over his shoulder, he trudged along this road 
till he reached the Mattawamkeag, beyond Prentiss. 
From here he rowed to Haynesville, where he again took 
up his journey overland to Houlton. Over this road the 
immigrants came into Lee with their families in the snow. 
This route can be traced indistinctly now, though the 
new forest growth has about effaced the old emigrant road. 



In the meantime, from the time IngersoU had com- 
menced the clearing on the Rich place in 1823 he had 
been actively engaged in inducing settlers to locate in Lee, 
and had negotiated a large number of tracts from two hun- 
dred and fifty to one thousand acres in extent to different 
parties, but had not yet performed his settling duties sufifi- 
cient to obtain a deed, and in fact did not until 1828. In 
1825 the college sold to .Samuel I. Mallett, of Litchfield, 
Kennebec county, Maine, fifteen hundred acres for which 
he paid the same price as IngersoU, on condition he 
should settle upon it. Mallett looked over the situation 
and concluded to put in some mills on the west branch 
of the Mattakeunk Stream, which crosses the Lee and 
Springfield road at the village of Lee. This stream has 
its rise in the pond about a mile square, just back of the 
village, near where the first clearing in Lee was made. 
This sale was made June 5, 1827, Mallett giving a mort- 
gage to the college for the payment, which, however, he 
failed to pay, though he performed his settling duties as 
agreed. The same year Mallett and James 1). Merrill, 
of Litchfield, who had (lurchased from Roger Merrill a 
claim for two hundred and fifty acres, joined their means 
and built a saw^iill in 1S27 and a grist-mill in 1828, on 
the Mattakeunk Stream, a few rods west of the crossing 
of the Winn and Lincoln roads at the centre of the vil- 
lage. A saw- and grist-mdl still stands on the stream at 
the village, not on the location of the first one, however. 

During the years 1826-27-28, a large number of set- 
tlers came into town, especially in 1827, so that by the 
following year IngersoU had with Mallett completed his 
settling duties, and obtained his deed of the township 
from the State of Massachusetts. 

In 1826-27 came thirty settlers, of whom now are left 
only Godfrey Jackson, who came from Sidney, Kennebec 
county, and who was eighty-five years of age, June 22, 
1881, a near neighbor of Alpheus Hale, who differs from 
him in age only a few months. 

Mallett's settlers were: Samuel Mallett, James D. Mer- 
rill, David Maxwell, Caleb Wilbor, Clodfrey Jackson, 
Hiram Staples, and William Randall. 

IngersoU's settlers were: Bradley Blake, John Jackson, 
Enoch Stone, Thomas Lindsay, Jeremiah Fifield, Samuel 
Parker, John Tucker, Joel Barnard, Captain Benjamin 
.Arnold, .-Vlpheus Hale, Samuel Moulton, Joseph Hans- 
corn, Joseph Smith, John Carpenter, Jabez Norton, Ben- 
jamin Whitten, and Moses Thule. 

Among the other early settlers were: Alvah Tibbets, 
Joseph and Aaron Rollins, .Winslow and Jeremiah Sta- 
ples, John Lunt, John Moss, Alvord Cushman, George 
Trask, David Henry, Peleg Jones, Albert Getchell, Wil- 
liam Doylers, Captain J. W. Hall, John Snyder, John 
Mallett, David Dyer, John B. Lidden, Benjamin Jackson, 
Alexander Potter, David Bailey, Stephen Lee, Elisha 
Brown, and John Gott. 

In 1829 Benjamin Whitten came from Litchfield, and 
located about a mile and a half from the village on the 
road to Lincoln, a near neighbor to Jackson and Hall. 
He was afterwaids a contractor to get out the timber for 
the Mattawamkeag bridge, near a brook running into the 
Mattawamkeag, now called Whitten Brook. His widow, 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



887 



now eighty-four years of age, is still living with her son 
Chester, in Lee, in the enjoyment of a happy old age. 
Chester, her son, is now Town Clerk and Director of 
Lee Normal Academy. 

One of the most active business men of Lee was 
Arthur Prentiss, who came from O.xford to Paris, and 
was a trader in Lee, and blacksmith. He also built the 
Elm House building, and kept the first hotel in Lee. 
He was a cousin of the late Henry Prentiss, of Bangor, 
also the first trader in Lee, with his brother Addison. 

Godfrey Jackson, above named, was one of those who 
were Mallett's settlers. He came from Sidney in 1827, 
and being a skillful carpenter, t'ramed the Mallett mills. 
He made a location near the mills, what is now the Tuck 
place; he afterwards, through sickness in his family, had 
his attention called to medicine, and took up the study 
and soon completed a course at a medical college, from 
which he returned to Lee, and became the first settled 
physician. As an instance of the old man's lormer 
strength and vigor, it may be related that in his lifetime 
in Lee he caught twenty-two bears and one wolf. 

Somewhere during the next decade, two important 
lawsuits occurred, which greatly interested the settlers in 
Lee, and lasted for twelve years in the State and United 
States Courts. Nathaniel IngersoU, the purchaser of the 
College grant, conveyed his titles in Lee to Joseph E. 
Foxcroft, a resident of New Gloucester, who had been a 
member of the Massachusetts Legislature, and thought to 
have been a member of the Legislature which gave the 
Lee grant. When Maine became a State Mr. Foxcroft 
became a member of the Maine Legislature. He soon 
brought suit for the Mallett mortgage, which then re 
mained unpaid; and obtained judgment before Judge 
Shepley for his claim against Mallett and against the 
settlers on Mallett's land. 

Previous to these suits IngersoU had by many expedi- 
ents endeavored to obtain from the settlers pay for his 
land sold them, or for the land on which they had made 
improvements, but they in many instances declared that 
they had paid enough. They felt harassed by Inger- 
soU and his agents, and in more than one instance 
gave evidence of those sentiments by acts hardly to be 
misunderstood, and yet not unmingled with the ludicrous. 

On one occasion IngersoU had gone to Lee with a 
deputy sheriff, Sanders, from Passadumkeag, and had 
taker, a lot of goods which one William Doble was haul- 
ing out to Lincoln for him, when crack went a rifle from 
the woods near by, and the officer's horse fell under him. 
The driver unhitched his team, and cleared for Lincoln 
over the hill top nearby, with IngersoU and the officer, 
leaving the goods and the vehicle in the woods. Soon 
after one William Randall, living in Lee, who was some- 
thing of a res.dent agent, went out to Lmcoln to get 
some word from IngersoU about his affairs in Lee, as he 
(IngersoU) rather feared to come back to Lee, and Ran- 
dall, as he got along to the horse, was trying with the aid 
of his knife to get the shoes and nails off the dead 
horse. While intent on this, a bullet struck the frog of 
the horse's foot, and Randall incontinently fled, not even 
taking his knife, which he afterwards sought for in com- 



pany with a friend. For years after that horse's feet were 
to be seen on the roadside fence near by as a reminder 
of the troublous times in Lee that tried men's souls and 
horses' feet. 

On another occasion, while the tenantry were itching 
to give Mr. IngersoU a personal castigation, the wife of 
John Tucker, a big, brawny, muscular woman, of whom 
there are innumerable anecdotes told, volunteered to 
perform a '' birch withing," for which she was to receive 
a new gown or other article. So, hearing he was in 
town, she got her birches and placed them behind the 
door, and when he called she very cordially invited him 
in and then gave him an unmerciful withing. Ere the 
morning sun illumined their household she had her 
gown, but IngersoU took her back to the Police Court at 
Bangor, where she was fined one cent and costs, which 
were paid by her neighbors in Lee, while she worked in a 
hotel to pay her way at Bangor and return. 

As appears by a suit of Joseph E. Foxcroft vs. David 
E. Barnes, to recover the westerly half of Lot 12, Fifth 
Range in Lee, the Trustees of the college conveyed 
the township. May 11, 1835, to John Webber, and 
Nathaniel IngersoU had conveyed all his interest in the 
township to John Webber on July 19, 1835, and 
John Webber, on June 19, 1835, conveyed one-half the 
lands which he had purchased of Nathaniel IngersoU 
and of the Trustees of Williams College, to Jo.seph E. 
Fo.xcroft, of New Gloucester. 

An abstract furnished by A. W. Paine, Esq., of Ban- 
gor, one of the counsel for the Mallett land and tenants, 
in the several lawsuits which involved nearly all the set- 
tlers' claims in town, may afford a clearer idea of the 
situation and the principles involved : 

The township of Lee was originaUy granted by the Legislature of 
Massachusetts to Wilhams College, and by the College sold in individ- 
ual parcels to various individuals, as occasion offered, but mostly to 
parties in Cumberland county. The town was incorporated in 1832. 
Soon after its incorporation, in 1834, a series of lawsuits was com- 
menced, which lasted for about a dozen years. The litigation pertained 
mainly to the two lots No. 11, in the Fourth and I-^ifth Ranges, though 
several other lots were involved. They were the lots on which the mill 
privileges were located, and then owned and occupied by Samuel T. 
Mallett and his sons. The village was built mostly on these lots. 

The point in dispute wa.s in many respects simple, though calling out 
a great amount of legal learning, both on the part of counsel and 
courts. The original grant was made subject to the condition that the 
grantee should within three years place on the township thirty settlers. 
Mallett, havmg become interested in the town and settled there, had 
bought and paid for t.500 acres, with the purpose of performing one- 
fourth the conditions of getting settlers, the acres known being in com- 
mon. He afterward took a deed of 6,000 acres, made in common, and 
mortgaged the same back to the College, describing the land as "The 
same this day conveyed to me and subject to the settlers' lots as land 
drawn on plan." 

A proprietors' meeting was then held to make partition of the lands 
among the owners, at which meeting fifteen lots were assigned to set- 
tlers of the fifteen hundred acres, the Lots 1 1 , in I-'ourlh and Fifth Ranges, 
being a part, but the lots were not marked as such on the plan referred 
to in the deed, Mallett having thus seventy-live hundred acres in all. six- 
thousand of which were subject to the mortgage. The mortgage was 
produced, and the holder then filed a petition tor partition in the State 
Court, which was resisted on the ground that the mortgage did not 
cover the settlers' lots. The case was severely contested, but the court 
overruled the objections and granted the jietition, and then affirmed the 
partition, which assigned the lots in question to the petitioner. Other 
suits were brought, .all of which met with a like fate, the court bemg 
fixed in the purpose of dooming all the settlers' lots owned at the time 
of the mortgage, as forming a part of the land included therein. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



! 



In 1842 Mallett, having fought the State Court for some eight years 
without success, by advice of counsel, assigned all his interests to his 
son David, who moved to New Hampshire and brought his suit of right 
for the two lots in question in the Circuit Court of the United States, 
where it was tried before Judge Story with success to his side. From 
his decision the case went up to the Supreme Court of the United 
States, which in January, 1846, affirmed the judgment of the Court be- 
low and gave Mr. Mallett his land free from all adverse claim ; thus 
overruling the whole series of decisions in the State Court, and estab- 
lishing his title as good and valid. W. P. Fessenden and A. W. 
Paine were counsel for Mallett in United States Court, and Judge 
Preble, Fessenden, and Deblois, for Fo.vcroft. In the State Court F. 
Allen and T. P. Chandler appeared for Mallett, and Abbott & Rogers 
for the College. 

On February 2, 1832, Township No. 4, in the Second 
Range of townships east of the Penobscot River and 
north of Bingham's Purchase, was incorporated into a 
town by name of Lee. The act of incorporation is on 
the records of Lee attested by John A. Hyde, Town 
Clerk. 

Wherein Lee obtained its name thus runneth thelegend: 
Had it been called for its most prominent name of river 
or stream it would have been doubtless called Matta- 
keunk, but bears better a short English name. It is 
said that Stephen Lee, a worthy citizen of the borough, 
suggested, as some say, his name, while others say the 
modest gentleman suggested the name of our patriot 
Revolutionary General Lee, and to insure the success of 
his patriotic suggestion offered to treat with a barrel of 
rum, which in those days was not so dear in price as at 
present, and doubtless was sacrificed, though my inform- 
ant maketh not certain that part of the story, but rather 
inclineth to that fact. 

The first town meeting was held April 11, 1832, at 
James Merrill's barn for the election of officers. Abiel 
Cushman was elected Clerk; Winslow Staples, Joseph W. 
Hall and Caleb Wilbor, Selectmen, Assessors, and Over- 
seers of the Poor; Samuel Marlton, Treasurer; and 
Albert S. Getchell, Constable. Other town officers were 
chosen the 25th of the same month, and the following 
moneys raised: $1,000 for highways, $150 for schools 
and $75 to defray town charges. 

In 1832 Lee had sixty-one voters. 

The town has always made good provision for schools, 
suitable amounts being voted year by year for their sup- 
port. 

March 14, 1845, ^'''6 State Legislature passed an act 
incorporating Lee Normal Academy. The incorporators 
were Joseph Mallett, Shephard Bean, William Douglass, 
John Gott, James Merrill, Liberty W. Bacon, Arthur 
Prentiss, Levi Moulton, and Abiel Cushrnan. At their 
first meeting. May 3, 1845, William Douglass was chosen 
President of the Board of Managers, Shephard Bean 
Secretary, James Merrill Vice-President, and Joseph 
Mallett Treasurer. Trustees were added, and commit- 
tees appointed for the selecting of building site and ma- 
terial; and a resolution adopted looking to the opening 
of a school the September following. In 1847 a seal 
was adopted, representing a school-room with students 
seated and the preceptor at his desk with a book in his 
hands in the attitude of communicating instruction, with 
the name Lee Normal Academy on its margin. Previ- 
ous to the erection of the Academy, the people of Lee 



got together one July 4th and put up the frame of a high 
school-house near the Elm House, but did nothing more 
about it. 

The Principals of the academy, in order of service, 
have been : Joseph M. True, William S. Green, Mr. 
Blackwell, Daniel Crosby, Elliot Walker, Jabez H. 
Woodman, S. W. Matthews, Joseph M. True again, A. 
N. Willey, G. A. Stewart, George W. Hall, J. H. Sawyer, G. 
A. Stewart again, Marion Douglass, and Leander H. 
Moulton, who is now serving the institution. 

Among the students at the school, who subseqently 
became more or less prominent, are the following: C. 
A. Cushman, attorney ; J. E. Estes, attorney ; L. A. 
Stanwood, attorney ; P. A. Getchell, Judge of Probate, 
Bangor; Horace Hanson, M. D.; J. L. Budge, M. D.; 
Isaiah Alden, M. D.; Fred Smith, editor ; Madison J. 
Bowler, editor ; Joseph Bowler, Roswell Leavitt, Cyrus 
A. Hanson, Benjamin Averill, Representatives in State 
Legislature; Hiram Stephens, County Commissioner; 
G. S. Bean, Warden State Prison. Chester H. Whittier 
is Director of the Academy. The number of scholars in 
the town in i88t was 355. 

The Springfield line road was accepted in 1845. 
An agent was voted for to sell liquors. 
Three hundred dollars was appropriated to build an 
upper story to the town hall ; it was also voted to admit 
all religious denominations, without distinction, to the 
hall. 

The churches seemed not to have been in accord as to 
the use of the hall, so that, in 1846, by a vote, one-fourth 
of the time the use of the hall was given to the Calvin- 
istic Baptists, the Methodists and Congregationalists, the 
Universalists, the Free-will Baptists. 

In 1849 the sum of $400 was voted for the support of 
schools. 

Again in 1851 the town voted $400 for schools. 
The most revolting murders in the annals of crime 
were committed April 7, 1859. Marshall Potter mur- 
dered his mother, his brothers Oliver and Alexander, and 
a nephew, Albert, a cripple. He then burned the house, 
but the mutilated bodies of his victims were proof 
against him, though in the excitement of the moment he 
was allowed to escape. He was shortly afterwards ar- 
rested in St. Stephens, New Brunswick, whither he had 
fled, and under a life sentence in the State prison is said 
to have died some five or six years since. 

Lee has ever been a strongly Democratic town, yet, 
during the war, a bounty of $200 was offered for volun- 
teers to fill the quota of the town. 

MILITARY HISTORY OF LEE. 

Lee, perhaps, cannot be called a leading military town, 
though many of its citizens have shouldered the musket 
and gone forth to fight the battles of our country. 

Among the early settlers we find Nicholas Cofifin, a 
Revolutionary soldier, besides a large number who served 
in the War of 18 12, but they are all now dead, and a list 
of their names cannot be readily obtained. The town 
was largely represented in the Aroostook war by men who 
volunteered at the first sound of alarm. In the Mexican 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



889 



war three men went from this town — Timothy H. Tucker, 
Daniel Hobbs, and Henry Welch. Hobbs and U'elch 
died in service. Tucker was wounded, but returned and 
served again in the last war. Charles P. Tidd, whose 
father then resided in Lee, was with John Brown at his 
raid on Harper's Ferry. Tidd escaped, enlisted in a 
Massachusetts regimental the outbreak of the Rebellion, 
and died in service. 

When the forces of slavery and secession waged war 
against our Union, the people of Lee did not heartily 
support the Government, but in many ways discouraged 
enlistment. A single incident will show the spirit of many 
of her people at that time. In 1S62, at a meeting of the 
militia of the town for the election of company officers, 
a recruiting sergeant, who was enlisting men for a com- 
pany then forming at Lincoln, announced his business 
and asked for some volunteers from Lee to join his com- 
pany. Thereupon a prominent citizen arose, and with 
all the eloquence he could coiiimand portrayed the 
dangers and privations of a soldier's life, telling his 
fellow-citizens he hoped they would not be frightened 
into enlisting, and not to fear a draft, for there was no 
power this side of Heaven that could draft a man and 
carry him out of the State. This speech brought down a 
gerfect storm of applause. Another man came to his 
feet and denounced such disloyal talk and manifestations, 
and asked those present not to bring dishonor on the 
memory of their Revolutionary fathers by thus sending 
words of cheer and comfort to the enemy. He closed, 
but no cheer or word of approbation greeted him. 

No attempt was ever made to raise a company for the 
war in this town, but a goodly number enlisted, as the 
military roster will show. Every man who went to 
the war enlisted as a private soldier, and whatever higher 
rank he attained was gained in the field. The larger 
part of them enlisted the first part of the war, but later, 
when each town was required to furnish its quota, a draft 
was usually resorted to here. During 1S64 and 1S65 
three drafts were made from this town with the following 
result: Total number drafted, 84; entered service, 12; 
furnished substitutes, 2; failed to report, 47. Most of 
the latter found their way across the lines into New 
Brunswick; a part of whom formed a settlement there 
known as "Skedaddler's Ridge." 

A list of the soldiers who went from Lee is given in 
the iTiilitary history ot Penobscot county in anotlier part 
of this volume. 

No better soldiers entered the service than those who 
went from Lee. \\'herever they went they made an 
honorable record; and their share in the hardships of 
war — the march, the battle field, the lingering pain and 
death in Northern hospitals, the agony endured in the 
starvation prison pens of the South — was all cheerfully 
and patiently borne, and their patriotism and valor are 
worthy to be placed side by side with the long line of 
patriots who have defended our liberties from the days of 
Washington to the present time. 

A few incidents connected with the war may be of 
interest. 

When the first call for troops was made in the spring 



of 1 86 1, Horace F. Hanson heard the news while at work 
on the drive. He immediately stuck his handspike into 
the bank and started for the war. .'Vfter many hair- 
breadth escapes he safely returned, and is now one of 
the most respected physicians in Bangor. 

At the battle of the Wilderness, when General Lee was 
hurling his forces against our lines and pressing them 
back, Sergeant Joseph W. Burke, of the Sixth Maine 
Battery, occupied a road running at right angles to our 
lines through the dense thicket, with two pieces of artil- 
lery. On came the rebel horde pressing back our infantry, 
when an order was sent to Sergeant Burke to fall back 
and save his guns. Turning around he said: "Boys, 
let's give them a little more canister before we go." 
The road was soon cleared, then training their guns one 
to the right and the other to the left, they secured an en- 
filading fire on the advancing foe. Then the perfect 
storm of canister from the two pieces, which were 
handled with almost lightning rapidity, did terrific work, 
leaving the dead in windrows at every fire. The advance 
was checked and the position held. He saved his guns 
but did not fall back. For his gallantry he was promoted 
to first lieutenant. 

During the fight on the Boynton road, October 27, 
1864, Mott's division of Hancock's corps bcame partially 
broken up by an impetuous charge of rebel infantry. 
While General Hancock was re-forming his broken line, 
Charles J. House, then eighth sergeant in company E, 
First Maine Heavy Artillery, discovered a move on the 
part of the rebels to turn our left flank. Without hesi- 
tation he rallied twenty men of his company, and with 
them dashed forward one hundred and fifty yards to the 
front and left, secured an advantageous position and held 
it against ten times his own force, cutting off the retreat 
of two hundred rebel soldiers, and frustrating their at- 
tempt to turn our flank. Reinforcements coming up 
the two hundred were secured prisoners. With his men 
he then rushed forward and assisted in recapturing two 
pieces of artillery which had fallen into the hands of the 
enemy, then coolly marched his men back to their place 
in line. He was highly complimented by his command- 
ing officer, and immediately promoted to first sergeant 
and recommended for a first lieutenant's commission, 
which he soon received. 

INDUSTRIAL HISTORV. 

The Mattawamkeag affords the only water-power in 
Lee, with but little fall throughout its whole course, which 
is in a northwesterly direction. The privilege of the vil- 
lage was early improved, a saw-mill and grist-mill being 
erected in 1827-28 by Merrill & Mallett. In 1840 the 
grist-mill machinery was removed to a mill about two and 
a half miles down stream, to which a road was opened. 
In 1850 the available machinery of this mill was moved 
back to the village, where it still remains. 

In 1 84 1 Calvin Barber, Dexter Merrill, and Levi B. 
Merrill built a clapboard mill, and in 1843 ^ saw-mill, 
about one and a half miles below the village; and in 
1854 sold to Edward Bowler and Joseph Smith. In 
1878 a new saw-mill was built by Charles Merrill, which 



890 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



stilt stands. In 1845 of '846 William R. Gifford built a 
carding-mill, which was run by his son. 

A small lake called Ware lies in the extreme southeast 
corner of the town, beginning in Springfield. The Mat- 
tawkeunk is dammed four times in Lee, and also bridged 
four times. 

OTHER MATTERS. 

There are no very prominent elevations in Lee, though 
the town is well diversified with hills, and quite an 
elevation back of the village has been named by the 
academy scholars Mt. Jefferson. 

Lee was early made a field of labor for several relig- 
ious denominations. About 1835 K.*^^- Samuel Lewis 
preached occasionally in ].ee, and organized a Free-will 
Baptist church there, starting one in Chester at the same 
time. In 183S he was succeeded by Levi Moulton, who 
was succeeded in turn by John Banks, William Doble, 
and James Knights. John \Velch is the present preacher 
and has filled the position ten years. 

In 1858 a church was built near the Academy by this 
society, with the aid of the Calvinist Baptists and the 
Methodists, at a cost of $1,500. The Methodists also 
organized a church in 1835, but have had no regular 
preaching for several years. 

The first church in Lee was organized by the Rev. Mr. 
Dexter, of Dexter, Maine, a Calvinist Baptist, about 1831. 
The Rev. Walter Marshall, who preached there for sev- 
eral years, resided in Lee, and in 1H39-40 was the Town 
Clerk. Rev. Alvin Messer also preached in Lee, where 
he resided for some time. The present pastor is the Rev. 
Sylvester Berse, of Chester. This church now has twenty- 
five members. The first resident minister was old Parson 
Sawyer, Congregationalist, who lived to be more than a 
century old. He resided in Township No. 4, in 1828, 
but was succeeded two or three years afterwards. Be- 
tween 1850 and i860 Charles H. Emerson was pastor, 
and a church, which cost about $6,000, was built. Al- 
though this fine edifice is in the centre of the village it 
is by no means flourishing and at present has no pastor. 

In 1835 a Universalist church was formed, and the 
Rev. Amos Richards, E. W. Coffin, and J. C. Knowlton, 
preached for the members. Rev. Daniel Stickney came 
to Lee in 1846 and preached for five or six years. In 
1850 he was Town Clerk. 

A church was formed under the direction of Mark 
Chase, who was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Butterfield, and 
in 1875 by Rev. James T. Carr, their last pastor, who 
preached there for two years. He moved to East Winn 
in the fall of 1881. They have a membership of about 
forty. 

The first physicians here were Godfrey Jackson, who 
yet lives here; then Jesse Howe, from Norway, came in 
1835 and remained ten years. He is now dead. In 1838 
came Liberty W. Bacon, from Turner, Maine. He held 
many municipal positions and fifteen years after moved 
to Illinois. Dr. Bornham came in 1848, and kept the 
Elm House hotel, and practiced his profession for two 
years. In 1858 Charles Merrill, of Springfield, resided 
in Lee and practiced there until his death in 1875. Dr. 
Lorin Bridge was educated in Lee and removed to one 



of the Western States. In 1876 Dr. J. Henry Lindsey 
moved to Lee and is still practicing there. 

Addison Prentiss came from Foxcroft in 1837 and 
went into trade with his brother Arthur and the practice 
of law. He practiced law here from that time until 1850. 
A view of Lee on a page of the town records made 
while he was Clerk, attests to his artistic tendencies ; 
while his efforts for the incorporation and aid of Lee 
Academy attest his public spirit. He is now living in Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts. Elliot Walker was a student in 
Prentiss' office, and a teacher m Lee Academy. He never 
practiced here but moved to Newport and is now Judge 
of Probate for Penobscot county. Joseph H. Perkins 
practiced law here but now lives in Bangor. F"rom 1850 
to i860 Henry C. Field, who had removed from Lincoln 
to Lee, practiced law here, and then returned to Lincoln 
to die. In 1869 Charles A. Cushman, who had been in 
trade with his father, Abiel Cushman, an early settler, was 
admitted to the Bar and has practiced here since. 

In 1828-29 Roswell Adams was the blacksmith here, 
but he then removed to Lincoln to work for the mill 
buildings. Moses Thurlow succeeded him. In 1840 
Timothy Clifford and James Simmons, in 1845 Thaddeus 
Foss, of Vassalboro, and in 1850 Mr. Dean were 
the blacksmiths here. In 1847 James T. Bridge sucj 
ceeded Clifford up to 1863, and again, after failing in 
trade, went to blacksmithing some three or four years ago 
and still is so engaged. In 1867 Albert Pickering com- 
menced blacksmithing, and is still thus in business. 

The Postmasters at Lee village have been about as fol- 
lows: Samuel T. Mallett, James H. Bowler, Joseph Mal- 
lett, Isaac Hacker, Abner H. Gerrish, Albert S. Getchell, 
Gustavus S. Bean, George H. Haskell, Charles J. House, 
Charles A. Cushman, George H. Haskell, the present 
Postmaster ; at North Lee, Albert K. Lewis, Willie 
Estes, David Estes, and Edwin A. Reed, the present in- 
cumbent. 

In 1833 Isaac Hacker came from Palermo, Maine, 
and commenced trade on the Springfield side of the 
Stream, having James H. Bowler, now of Bangor, as 
clerk afterwards. Bowler was with Hacker till after 
1840, when Bowler went to Lincoln in May, having first 
built the present Burke store and Charles Mallett's house 
close by, and Hacker took as partner Abner H. Ger- 
rish to about 1845, when Hacker moved to Fort Fair- 
field, and some two or three years ago was killed on the 
railroad in New Brunswick, and Gerrish took in Charles 
Mallett; then Gerrish took in as partner Gustavus S. 
Bean, son of Shepherd Bean, long a Deputy Sheriff at 
Bangor and now Warden of the Maine State prison. 
Gerrish died in 1848, and as soon as his affairs were 
closed up Bean took in George H. Haskell. The pio- 
neer tradesman here was Arthur Prentiss, whose store 
was in what is now called the Mill House, where 
Elder John Welch lives. He got his goods by boat- 
ing them to the falls and then hauling them to Lee. 
In 1833 Isaac Hacker came from Palermo, Maine, and 
commenced trade on the Springfield side of the stream. 
Bean removed to Bangor, and sold out to Joseph W. 
Burke in 1867. They failed in 1877. Joseph W. Burke 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



891 



continued trade in the same place, and Haskell com- 
menced trade in the Clifford-Bridge store. He is now 
there and is also postmaster. In 1858 George Clifford 
built a store and was succeeded in 1863 by James I. 
Bridge. In 1S40 Abiel Cushinan built the present grange 
store, and in 1850 the firm became A. Cushnian & Son. 
In 1865 Oren Coffin traded in it, and since 1870 the 
Forest Grange No. 125, have occupied it. In 1850 J. H. 
Perkins built the George B. Wetherbee store and traded 
there until i860. It was occupied by C. J. House &; 
Bros, after the war until Wetherbee started a hardware 
store there. In 1870 C. J. House and Albert P. Mallett 
built a store towards Lee from the cross roads, and traded 
there until 1873 and failed. Since 1875 H. Coffin has 
been in business there. Edward Bowler built a store at 
Bowler's Corner some two miles from Lee. He traded 
there for ten years. For the latter part of the time 
Joseph Smith was his partner, at one time ran the lower 
mill on the Mattakeunk. Albert K. Lewis for a couple of 
years had a store at North Lee, adjoining Springfield, 
where he was also Postmaster. Some slight trade has 
been carried on by members of Elisha Bradley's family 
on the Springfield road, where a tannery has since been 
built, and burnt down by lightning. 

About 1840 George Haskell kept a hotel in what is 
called the Buffalo House, on the Springfield road. 
Arthur Prentiss built the Elm House and kept hotel in it 
until about 1845, '"^'^d 'hen leased it to Dr. Bornham, who 
kept it until about 1851 when it was sold to Joseph M. 
True, the preceptor of the Academy, in whose family it 
has been ever since. About 1847 the Academy board- 
ing house was kept as a hotel by Hosea Ricker, in i860, 
by Joseph Crandalmire, and in 1870 by George Blanch- 
ard, since which time it has been vacant. 

STATISTICS, ETC. 

Lee had a population of 724 in 1840, of 917 in 1850, 
939 in 1S60, 960 in 1870, and 894 in 18S0. 

Polls in i860, 231; in 1870, 239; 1880, 220. A'alua- 
tions these several years, $100,353, $'39i343> '"id $io9)" 

953- 

Town officers for 1881: C. A. Hanson, C. H. Whitten, 
James G. Ames, Selectmen; C. H. Whitten, Town Clerk; 
J. W. Burke, Treasurer; J. G. Ricker, Constable and 
Collector; Parker Davis, School Supervisor; C. A. Cush- 
man, George H. Haskell, Daniel Towle, J. W. Burke, E. 
E. True (Quorum), Shepard Bean, Nathan Averill (Trial), 
Justices. 

Mr. G. H. Haskell is Postmaster at Lee, David Estes 
at North Lee. 

There is one resident clergyman, one lawyer, and one 
physician. 

SETTLEMENT NOTES. 

Samuel Rowe, who has lived in Lee about twelve 
years, is a native of Hebron, Oxford County, Maine. He 
is a son of Benjamin and Hannah Rowe {nee Hannah 
Decoster). They had ten children, all of whom grew to 
maturity except one. Their names were Priscilla (de- 
ceased), Louisa (deceased), Sarah, Caroline (deceased), 
Samuel, Betsey, Chloe (deceased), Emily, Jane, and 



Hubbard. Benjamin Rowe lived to be eighty-four and 
died about fifteen years since. Samuel Rowe, the oldest 
son, was born May 6, 181 1, and spent his boyhood on 
the farm. On becoming of age he bought a farm in 
Sumner, Oxford county, where he lived four years. In 
1837 he moved to Springfield, Maine, and lived eleven 
years, after which he went to No. 7 Washington county, 
and lived about twenty years. In 1869 he came here to 
Lee and settled where he now lives, about two miles 
from the village. He married Deborah A. Merrill, 
daughter of Jeremiah and Priscilla Merrill. They have 
had nine children, of whom eight are living, viz: Cyrus 
A., now in California; Clara E., wife of P. B. Comstock, 
of Reno, Nevada; Priscilla J., now Mrs. Otis H. Scrib- 
ner, of Lambert's Lake, in Maine; Charlotte B., wife of 
Lyman Scribner, of California; Julia A., wife of N. P. 
Sweet, Lincoln; Lloyd D., deceased; Louisa M., wife of 
B. D. Averill, of Prentiss; George, now in Clark's Island, 
St. George, Maine, and Ella O., wife of Frank C. 
Stevens, of Lee. While in Washington county Mr. 
Rowe was for many years one of the Selectmen of his 
town. 

Mr. \\"alter Coffin, of Lee, one of the first settlers in 
the neighborhood where he now lives, came here from 
Belfast, Maine. He is a son of Nicholas Coffin, who 
came here from New Hampshire. Nicholas was a 
Revolutionary soldier and present at the surrender of 
Cornwallis, at Vorktown. He married for his first wife 
Mary Heath. His second wife, mother of Walter Cof- 
fin, was Lydia Lemon. By his first wife he had two 
daughters, Catharine and Susan, and by his second wife 
two sons, \Valter and Nicholas \., of Lincoln. 
Nicholas Coffin died in 1850. Walter Coffin was 
born May 22, 181 1; his father was a farmer .ind 
he was brought up on the farm. One year he lived 
in Enfield, but settled on his present farm in 1832, be- 
fore there was a road through the neighborhood. He 
married Nancy W. Clark, daughter of Ichabod and Mary 
Clark. They have had sixteen children, of whom twelve 
are living, viz: Emily, Elizabeth, Mary E. (deceased). 
Freeman, Nancy, Cyrus, Walter, Washington, Orrin (de- 
ceased), Henry, Engene, Vesta, Madora (deceased), 
.\bbie, Fred, and one who died in infancy not named 
Mr. Coffin lives about three miles from Lee, on the road 
that leads through the half township to Lincoln. 

Philip Blake, of Lee, was born August 14, 181 1. He 
is a son of Bradbury Blake, a native of Mt. Vernon, 
Maine. His mother's name was Abigail Norcross. 
Bradbury Blake had ten children, all of whom lived to 
manhood and womanhood. Their names were Paul, 
deceased; Sophia, deceased; Philip; Prudilla; Nancy, de- 
ceased; Permelia, deceased; Abigail; Catharine; Joan; 
and Elvira, deceased. Bradbury Blake died April 30, 
1870. Mrs. Blake died about eighteen months previous. 
Philip Blake, subject of this sketch, has always lived on 
the farm where he now lives, about ten miles from the 
village of Lee. He married for his first wife Maranda 
Chandler, who died in 1847, and married for his second 
wife Miss Betsey Lancaster, daughter of Elihu and Sarah 
Lancaster. Mr. Blake has two children by his first wife 



892 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



— Llewellyn, of Lee, and Philip Chandler, of Hersey 
township. Mr. Blake has four children now living by 
his second wife — Clara A., wife of Walter Coffin, Jr., of 
Lee; Dennis and True, now in Washington Territory; 
Dearborn P., now at home. Mr. Blake has served as 
one of the Selectmen of his town at different times. 

George H. Haskell, postmaster and merchant at Lee, 
was born April 7, 1833. His parents, George and Betsey 
Haskell, were natives of New Goucester, Maine. George 
Haskell had five children — Elizabeth, widow of the'late 
Abner H. Gerrish; Lucia A., now Mrs. G. S. Bean, of 
Thomaston, Maine; Mary W., deceased wife of Bohan 
Field, of Washington Territory; George H., and Albert, 
deceased. Mr. Haskell died in 1881, his wife having 
died in 1875. George H. came to this town when seven 
years of age, with his parents, and has always lived here. 
Since arrivmg at manhood he has been engaged in 
the mercantile business here. He married Miss Sarah 
Bowler, daughter of Edward Bowler, of Lee. They 
have si.\ children — Mary A., Nellie B., Alice E., George 
E., Harold, and James B., all at home. Mr. Haskell 
has served as Town Clerk of this town, and is now Post- 
master, which office he has held for about seventeen 
years. He keeps a general stock of merchandise at his 
place on the principal street in the village. 

Joseph W. Burke, dealer in general merchandise and 
lumber in Lee, this county, is a son of Thomas and 
Sally Burke, of Litchfield, Maine. Thomas Burke 
was a son of Samuel Burke of Topshani, Maine; Mrs. 
Burke was a native of Bath, the daughter of Joel Ham. 
Thomas and Sally Burke had eleven children, six sons 
and five daughters, all of whom lived to maturity, and 
seven of whom are now living — Mary, deceased; |ohn, 
deceased ; James, now of Lee ; Nancy, wife of A. Fifield, 
of Lee; Mark L., now in Leadville, Colorado; Lucy, 
deceased wife of Samuel Flagg, of New Hampshire; 
Rachel, now Mrs. William Jones, of Dutch Flat, Cali- 
fornia; Lydia, now Mrs. A. M. Jewell, of San Francisco, 
California; Joseph W.; Thomas, deceased ; and Nelson, 
also deceased. Thomas Burke, Sr., died in 1873; Mrs. 
Burke is still living in this village being now eighty-eight 
years old. Joseph Burke was born January 30, 1831, 
and at the age of seventeen went to sea. He followed 
the sea two years, visiting England, Wales, Holland and 
Belgium. In 1849 h^ v/ent to California and engaged in 
mining, at which he remained two years. He returned 
to Litchfield in 1851 and engaged in farming, which he 
followed two years, when he came to Lee and engaged in 
teaming to Bangor, which he followed until 1862 when 
he went into the army. He remained in the army until 
the close of the war, connected with the Sixth Maine 
Battery. He was wounded at Gettysburg, and in hospital 
six weeks. He enlisted as a private, and was promoted 
to first lieutenant ere the close of the war. He was with 
his regiment in every engagement, At the close of the 
war he again engaged in teaming, which he followed 
until 1867 when he opened a store in Lee. He is also 
engaged in supplying and lumbering. Mr. Burke has 
served as Selectman, and is at present Town Treasurer ; 
and is also one of the Board of County Commissioners. 



He married Maria L. Crandallmire, of Lee. They have 
four children — Clarence C, now with his father in busi- 
ness, Mabel, Edith, and Alice. 

Cyrus A. Hanson, of Lee, is a son of John and Pau- 
lina Hanson. John Hanson had three children — Horace, 
now a physician in Bangor; Lizzie, deceased; and Cyrus, 
the eldest of the family. Cyrus Hanson was born 
February 22, 1835, in Harrison, Maine. He spent his 
boyhood on a farm and always has been a farmer; he 
also worked at the mason's trade part of the time. After 
becoming of age he went to California, where he remained 
about five years. He came to Lee in 1861, and enlisted 
in the army in 1862. On returning he was drafted and 
went again for a short time, being discharged for dis- 
ability in 1863. In 1864 he bought the place where he 
now resides near the village of Lee, and where he has 
since lived. Mr. Hanson has held various town offices, 
and is now Chairman of the Board of Selectmen, a mem- 
ber of which board he has been many years. He married 
Mary Mallett, daughter of William and Sally Mallett, of 
Lee, who were among the first settlers in town. They 
have seven children — Lizzie, Alberta, Annie, James W., 
Willie, Cyrus F., and Rowena May, the baby. In 1878 
he was elected to the Legislature, and served in that body 
during the winters of 1878 and 1879. 

America W. Ames is a son of James and Margaret 
Ames, for a sketch of whose life and family see that of 
James G. Ames. America W. Ames was born June 20, 
1820. He came here with his father in 1835 and felled 
the first trees on the place where he now resides. The 
next year the family moved here. He married Ruth G. 
Jackson, daughter of Godfrey and Cyrene Jackson. 
They have two sons, viz: Foster E. and Harris. Mr. 
Ames has held the offices of Selectman and Town Treas- 
urer of his town several years. He lives on a part of 
the old homestead. He owns seventy-five acres of land. 

Godfrey Jackson, of Lee, is a son of John Jackson, a 
native of Sidney in this State. John Jackson was a son 
of John Jackson, Sr. He married for his first wife Dor- 
cas Savage, who lived seven years and died childless. 
Mr. Jackson married lor his second wife Ruth Godfrey, 
by whom he had seven children, viz: Godfrey, Benja- 
min, Jemima, Sylvia, John, Ruth and Joan. Godfrey 
Jackson, the oldest son of this family, was born June 22, 
1796. On becoming of age he settled in Gardiner, 
Maine, where he lived about seven years, engaged as 
house carpenter. From here he went to Merimichi and 
lived three years, working as masterworkman in building 
a jail for the Provincial Government. From there he 
came to Lee, in 1826, and framed the first saw-mill that 
was built in this town, which was at that time called No. 
4, not being incorporated. He studied medicine and 
practiced here for about twenty years. Mr. Jackson 
married Cyrene Hall, of West Waterville, Maine, by 
whom he had seven children, viz: Mary, now Mrs. 
Lowell, of Springfield, Maine; Elizabeth, wife of Captain 
Lowe, of Maryland; Joan, wife of James Ames of Lee; 
Edward B., now of Springfield, Maine; AVilliam, de- 
ceased in the army; Ruth, wife of A. W. Ames, of Lee, 
and Augusta, now Mrs. AVilliam Bagley. Mrs. Jackson 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINfi. 



893 



died many years since and Mr. Jackson is now living 
with his third wife, whose name was Paulina B. Towle, 
formerly from Farrington, Maine. She had three sons, 
Daniel, of Lee; B. H. Towle, of Sherman, Maine; and 
A. B. Towle, of Lee. Mr. Jackson was in the War of 
181 2, and a physician in the late war. He has been a 
great hunter in his day, and killed twenty-two bears 
besides other large game. He is now in his eighty-sixth 
year. 

One of the early settlers in this county was Captain 
James Budge, who came from Massachusetts and settled 
in the present town of Brewer, or Eddington. He had 
four sons: James, a sea captain; Thomas, Daniel, and 
Francis H. Francis H. Budge, father of James T., 
married Abigail Smith, of Hermon. He lived in several 
towns in this county — Garland, Levant, Glenburn (for- 
merly called Dutton), Springfield, and No. 4 (now called 
Lakeville), where he died in 1874. Mrs. Budge died in 
1848. James and Abigail Budge had ten children, 
eight of whom lived to maturity, viz: James T., John 
S., now of Springfield, Maine ; George B., in Springfield; 
Daniel, also of Springfield ; Gibson S., now of Lakeville, 
Maine; Charles L., deceased; Arthur P., now in Minne- 
apolis, Minnesota; and Harriet M., of Bangor. James 
T. Budge, the oldest of this family, was born July 25, 
1824, in Levant, Maine. He spent his early days on the 
farm, and in early manhood learned the blacksmith's 
trade. After becoming of age he worked at that business 
about sixteen years in this town. In 1863 he engaged 
in trade and continued at that business for fifteen years, 
when he sold out and again went into blacksmithing 
with his son, which business he is now following. He 
married Nancy G. Clifford, daughter of George C. and 
Mary P. Clifford, of Dover, Maine. They have seven 
children living, having lost one. Their names are: 
Julia A., now Mrs. George W. Goodwin; James L., now 
in Sears, Michigan; Sophia E., wife of George D. Stock- 
well, of East Eddington; Melvin E., now with his father 
in business; Adella L. ; George C, and Harriet S. The 
name of the one that died was Mary E. Mr. Budge has 
been Town Treasurer of his town, and Constable. 

John E. Ludden is a son of John B. Ludden, origi- 
nally from Turner, Maine. He was a son of Joseph Lud- 
den. John B. Ludden married Hannah Woodbury. 



They had six sons and two daughters, viz: Louisa, now 
Mrs. Hiram Stevens, of Carroll, Maine; Sydney, deceased; 
John E.; Sewall, Cornelia, Lewis V. B., and William A., 
deceased; and Edwin A., now of Lee. John B. Ludden 
came from Pownal, Maine, in 1834, and settled where 
John E. now lives. There was a small field cleared but 
no buildmgs. It is said that Mrs. Ludden and her 
daughter Louisa were the first women who came into 
this town in a carriage of any kind. They came ere the 
ice melted in the spring, or they could not have ridden. 
Mr. Ludden died .\pril 12, 1S76, and Mrs. Ludden 
August 2, 1881. John E. Ludden, the second son of 
this family, was born June 13, 1823, in the town of Can- 
ton, and came here with his parents, at the age of eleven. 
He settled with his father on the old homestead, where he 
now lives. In 1S49 he married Susan Averill, daughter 
of David and Mary Averill («« Mary Lee). This couple 
have had five children, three sons and two daughters — 
Sewell R., Clarence E., Louis E. (now in Washington 
Territory), Anna M., and Lucy E. Mr. Ludden's farm 
is about three miles from Lcc village, on the Springfield 
road, where he owns about three hundred acres of 
land. 

James G. Ames, of Lee, is a son of James and Mar- 
garet Ames {nee Randall). They came here from Litch- 
field, Maine, in 1836, and settled on the farm where 
James G. Ames now lives. They had five children — 
Amanda, deceased; America W., of Lee; Eleanor, wife 
of John R. Hall, of Farmington, New Hampshire ; 
James G.; and Oraville, now Mrs. Charles Kneeland, of 
Forest City, New Brunswick. James Ames died on the 
old place in 1844, and Mrs. Ames died January 18, 1862. 
James G. Ames was born October 9, 1827, in Liv- 
ermore, Maine, and came here with his parents when nine 
years of age. He married Joanna Jackson, daughter of 
Godfrey and Cyrene Jackson, of Lee. They have five 
children — Charles F., now in Snohomish City, Washing- 
ton Territory; Milton H., now of Lee; Edson C., James 
W., and Adla ?1 Mr. Ames has always been a farmer. 
He now resides on a part of the farm which he helped 
to clear up. It is about two and a halt miles from the 
village of Lee. He owns one hundred and fifty acres of 
land. At the present time he is a member of the Board 
of Selectmen. 



MATTAWAMKEAG. 



DESCRIPTION. 

Mattawamkeag is a fine, large town, in the Penobscot 
valley, northernmost in the county of all the long line of 
towns upon the east bank of the river. It is bounded on 
the north by Molunkus, and about two miles breadth of 
Macwahoc Plantation, in Aroostook county; on the east 
by Kingman; on the south by a strip of Webster Planta- 
tion and by Winn, and on the east by the Penobscot, 
beyond which is Woodville Plantation. At the north- 
west it corners upon Medway, at the southwest upon 
Chester, which are the only towns cornering upon its 
corners. 

Mattawamkeag is forty-six miles from Bangor, in a 
stiaight line up the Penobscot valley. It is separated by 
only Kingman and Drew Plantation, ten miles breadth, 
from the northeast corner of the county and from Wash- 
ington county, and Woodville is the'only organized plan- 
tation or town between it and Piscataquis county on the 
west. Its north line is the longest, being six and one- 
half miles; the east line a little less than five and one- 
half miles; the south line nearly six miles: the boundary 
on the Penobscot five and two-thirds miles in length. 
The narrowest width of the town is from the mouth of the 
Mattawamkeag River to the east line of the town, a little 
more than five miles. A short jog occurs in the north 
line of the town, at the corner of Molunkus and Macwa- 
hoc Plantation. The town contains somewhat less area 
than an even surveyed township. 

Mattawamkeag includes no ponds or lakes of size, and 
not very many streams. Such as there are, however, are 
important; and the town is in general, sufficiently well 
watered. The most useful of these streams is the Mat- 
tawamkeag River, which, itself taking an old Indian name, 
gives its own designation to the town. It rises in Aroos- 
took county and enters Penobscot near its northeast 
corner, in Drew Plantation, flowing thence in a winding 
course through Kingman, and entering Mattawamkeag 
a mile and a quarter above the southeast corner. It 
flows thence in a southwest direction to the border of 
Winn, below which it dips in two successive short arcs, 
and then makes a nearly straight push northwest for the 
Penobscot, into which it debouches at Mattawamkeag 
village, about the same distance above the southwest 
corner of the town as that where it entered above the op- 
posite corner. It receives no tributaries from the south- 
ward in this town. Half a mile from its entrance into 
Mattawamkeag it takes the Whiton Brook, a stream 
which rises four miles to the northwest, near the road 
into Macwahoc, and receives a tributary of about three 
miles length from nearly the same direction shortly be- 
fore reaching the Mattawamkeag. Half a mile further 
894 



the river receives another but shorter affluent. It has a 
total course in and just below this town of about seven 
miles, and is exceedingly valuable in the operations of 
the lumbermen, being a broad and otherwise favorable 
water for their purposes. 

The Mattaseunk Stream is another important affluent 
of the Penobscot which comes down from Aroostook 
county through Molunkus, striking the county line one 
and three-fourths miles from the north-central corner of 
Mattawamkeag, flowing in a pretty large arc across the 
same angle of the town, being nearly two and one-fourth 
miles from the corner at the crown or southeast part of 
the arc, and reaching the river near School No. 3, about 
as far from the northwest corner as the point of entrance 
of the stream into the town. It is also a very valuable 
channel, in the working of the north woods. At what 
may be called the crown of the arc, a mile or more from 
the mouth of the Mattaseunk, a tributary of three miles' 
length, rising near the middle of the town, is received 
from the southeast, which in its turn takes in a small af- 
fluent from the north, heading in the edge of Molunkus. 
These two large streams, with their tributary waters, and 
two petty affluents to the Penobscot within half a mile 
above the mouth of the latter, and one more half a mile 
above the mouth of the Mattawamkeag, exhaust the list 
of the waters of this town. 

Mattawamkeag, notwithstanding it is so far to the north- 
ward, almost on the border of the wilderness, has natural 
advantages which, together with the location of the re- 
pair shops of the Euiopean & North American Railroad 
at the station, have given it, contrary to the precedent af- 
forded by nearly every other part of the county, a steady 
growth almost from the beginning. During the last 
twenty-one years (it was only incorporated as a town in 
i860) it has increased about one hundred every decade, 
and during the years 1870-80 just one hundred. The 
population is still almost altogether settled along the 
river road, which takes in this town, at least between the 
two large streams, the name of the Mattaseunk road. 
The old military trail to Houlton, having followed the 
Penobscot all the way from Bangor, leaves the river at 
Mattawamkeag station, and strikes off northwestward, 
crossing the county line a mile and three-fourths from the 
northeast corner of the town, passing on to Molunkus 
village, and thence through Aroostook county to Houl- 
ton, not again touching the Penobscot. The section of 
this road from the station to the town line has as yet but 
infrequent settlements. A mile out of the village a 
neighborhood road runs off east about the same distance. 
East-northeast, or southeast of its terminus settlements 
are very rare. The river road, however, is well settled 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



895 



up, and has upon it not only the station but a cemetery 
near, with public hearse-house attached, and two school- 
houses. About two-thirds of a mile south of the Mat- 
taseunk it passes close to the Boom Islands, a little clus- 
ter of 'three, which are the only islets in this part of the 
river. 

Mattawamkeag village is at the crossing of the stream 
of that name, on the north bank, and about one-third of 
a mile from the Penobscot. The railroad, which has 
followed closely the river road into the town, here di- 
verges at almost a right angle, and runs off east and north 
of east into Kingman, making no station in the eight and 
one-fifth miles to that village. It has at Mattawamkeag 
its machine and repair shops, freight and passenger- 
houses, and turn-table, making this place the most im- 
portant on its line, except Bangor, It is also important 
for stage connections, daily stage-wagons running hence 
to Patten, with connections there for Fort Kent, Houl- 
ton, Island Falls, and other points. The place has a 
Methodist Episcopal society, a public school-house, two 
hotels, and the promising beginning of a business quarter. 

HISTORICAL N'OTEi.* 

Mattawamkeag was formerly known as Township No. 
I, East Indian Purchase, as \\'oodville was No. 2, West 
Indian. .-Vlthough receiving its first settlers nearly as early 
as adjoining townships, and long a gateway into Aroos- 
took county on account of the Military Road being built 
through it at an early day, and also because it has a long 
stretch of navigable water from the Penobscot by the 
Mattawamkeag, yet it is only very recently that it was in- 
corporated into a town. The advent of the white man 
here was in 1829, when Colonel Stanley erected a log 
cabin or shanty for the accommodation of man and 
beast engaged in hauling supplies for the lumbermen over 
the frozen roads of the Penobscot ice. It was closed up 
during the summer season, and he soon left it for Houl- 
ton, after selling it to Milliken and John Rollins. It was 
built on the north side of the Mattawamkeag, the Military 
Road afterwards built being down the river from it, and 
was between the "logan" and the river. In 1829 the 
United States Government commenced building the Mil- 
itary Road from Lincoln, its southern terminus, to Houl- 
ton, and completed it as far as Mattawamkeag that year. 
As the lumbermen would take up in a bateaux, in the 
fall, sufficient supplies to last until the river froze over, 
the teams would haul the bulk of it on the ice, and on 
the rough woods road following the river which was quite 
good in winter, and in the spring the bateaux would 
come down both the Penobscot and Mattawamkeag 
Rivers. The meagre accommodations of Millikin and 
Rollins did not suffice for the demand made upon them. 
This IS shown by the experience of a party on their way 
to the forks of the Mattawamkeag, who had to accept 
the hospitality of Milliken and Rollins for a night. The 
ladies slept in the only private room, two on the bed and 
two on an improvised bed on the floor near the huge fire. 
In the year 1830 Captain George Waite, who had been 
employed in hauling supplies to the lumbermen, 

*I3y B. F. Fernald, Esq., of Winn. 



bought out Milliken and Rollins, Milliken going I 
know not whither, but Rollins went up to the forks of 
the Mattawamkeag, thirty miles toward Houlton, where 
until recently his children resided. Waite continued to 
keep a house of entertainment, and soon purchased some 
land and erected a frame house a little further north, 
above the creek. 

In 1830 James Penly and George Wallace, of Oldtown, 
erected a hotel building on the present site of the Matta- 
wamkeag stage house, and which forms the ell part of 
that hotel. Soon after they sold to Thomas Pratt, of 
Oldtown, and I think that Ira Wadleigh owned an inter- 
est in it. Pratt finished the buildings and shortly sold 
them to Joseph L. Kelsey, of Williamsburg, Piscataquis 
county. In 1834 Joseph L. Kelsey surveyed and lotted 
Mattawamkeag, leaving a mile square along that river for 
a village. He bought much of the desirable land, includ- 
ing that where the hotel stood, and having enlarged the 
buildings, let his brother-in-law, Edward G. Sturgis, keep 
the hotel until 1835, when Kelsey sold the hotel and 
land to Asa Smith, who moved there from the forks of 
the Mattawamkeag, since called Haynesville, thirty miles 
nearer Houlton, where he had been keeping hotel for five 
years. Asa Smith came from Androscoggin county ; 
his wife was Lovisa Haynes, daughter of David Haynes 
and a sister of Alvin Haynes, who was then and a long 
time previous, a mail-carrier from Bangor to Houlton. 
Mr. Smith became an important adjunct to the commu- 
nity of Mattawamkeag. He was Justice of the Peace, 
mail-carrier, postmaster, merchant, and hotel-keeper. 

In 1835 Kelsey and Slurgis left town, and only two 
other families alone remained. George Waite then was 
a farmer, hotel-keeper, and owner of teams. He had a 
house up the road, where there is an old cellar hole, 
with a barn still standing on the farm of William Willey, 
at the foot of the lower terrace of Webb Hill. Webb 
Hill is a steep rise, named after the contractor of Port- 
land, father of Nathan Webb, who built the Military 
Road at that point, and who got so deeply into debt, as 
Nathan atifirms, that it took him twenty years to clear 
himself from it. The other dweller there was James W. 
Thompson, who carried the Bangor and Houlton mail. 
He was probably the first to carry mail on the Military 
Road. He built the house now standing just north of the 
store of Libby & Stratton, known as the McDonald House. 
The first school-teacher was a sister of Mr. Thompson. 
Mr. Thompson left soon after, and David Haynes moved 
there from Chester in 1837. About that time Dr. Daniel 
Lumbert moved from Readfield, Kennebec county, and 
made a clearing on the Military Road, on the edge of the 
Martin Gould place. Its site is now used as a pasture 
by D. Frank Martin, a son of Asher Martin, to whom 
Lumbert sold out. The widow of Asher Martin mar- 
ried Perley Gould, who died in 1880. Their son, Frank 
Martin, lives here now. Ira Pitman and Alfred Gordon 
made a clearing and a brief sojourn in this vicinity on a 
part of the present Martin farm. Pitman was a son-in- 
law of that typical Western pioneer, Penuel Shumway, who 
moved from Howland to ('hester, thence to Winn, and 
finally to Minnesota. Gordon married Elsie Kyle, a 



896 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



daughter of Ephraim Kyle, and moved to Winn. After 
raising a large family there, he died a lunatic. Previous 
to this, Colonel Eli Hoskins had owned for several years 
saw-mills on the Cambolasse Stream in Lincoln. These 
mills were commenced by the Lindseys, and are now 
owned by the Webbers, of Bangor. About 1838 Colonel 
Hoskins, who lived in Oldtown, and George Waite, built 
a large establishment near the mouth of the present 
Medway Road, in Mattawamkeag. It was used as a ho- 
tel, and S. Warren Coombs was the building contractor. 
Waite and Hoskins kept the hotel until 1846 or 1847. 
Waite then moved to the lower part of the town, and built 
the Hamilton Coombs House, near where he had made 
a clearing. George Sanborn rented the hotel, and con- 
tinued it as such until 1855, being succeded by Asa 
Smith, who purchased the property and kept the hotel 
until 1S70. Then the buildings were moved across the 
road, and have since been used as dwelling houses. 

At a very early day efforts were made to improve the 
water-power at the town, and John Gordon, at an early 
day, built a mill at Gordon's Falls. The building of this 
mill audits burning by the Indians in 18 12, are recounted 
in the history of Winn. The location is on the confines 
of Winn and Mattawamkeag, and below it in both the 
towns are the old cellar-holes of the Dudleys and other 
settlers who lived there long after the mill was burned 
down. Purchases have been made with a view of increas- 
ing the water-power. The Mattawamkeag dips into Winn 
twice before it flows into the Penobscot within the territory 
of Mattawamkeag. When the trouble about the north- 
western boundary of our county caused soldiers to line 
the frontier, and a fort and barracks to be constructed at 
Houlton, that place and Mattawamkeag became memo- 
rable, and names were given to locations on the Matta- 
wamkeag that have ever since borne them. Supplies had 
to be boated up the Mattawamkeag, as well as the sol- 
diers, in a scow, which made a landing below Gordon's 
Falls and Scatterac Falls, and this has ever since been 
known as Scow Landing. .\ ro.id was cut through the 
woods then, extending to the soldiers' field, where they 
encamped near Molunkus Stream, above the Falls, where 
they embarked again. Further up on the river is a place 
where a woman accompanying the troops gave birth 
to a child near where two springs arise. Hence the 
name of "Female Springs.'' When the troops reached 
the forks they went by the "spotted line" to Houlton, 
some twenty-five miles further. A dam has long been 
built at the lower pitch of Gordon Falls. It was rebuilt 
with a fish-way a year or two since. 

David Bunker, who located in Chester in 1827, went 
in 1832 to Mattawamkeag, to Mattakeunk Lake, in town- 
ship A, Aroostook county, on the Mattakeunk Stream, 
which flows into the Penobscot some three miles up the 
Penobscot from the Mattawamkeag. At the foot of the 
lake he built a dam and a large lumber mill, or rather 
commenced a mill, and Arsenius Robinson, a New 
Hampshire man, completed the mill and sold it to John 
Foss, then of Lincoln. Within four years after this 
last purchase, e.xtensive improvements were made here. 
Timothy Fuller, of Lincoln, and Seth D. Remick built a 



horse railroad from the Penobscot to the mill, coming 
out about half-way from the present residence of Hiram 
Hathorn. A large amount of lumber was manufactured 
there. 

The Fosses run a mill for some time, and Phineas 
Foss made some clearings on the edge of the river. 
The Medway road afterward when built found the houses 
often so far from an average straight road line as to lo- 
cate many houses in the middle of the fields. 

Shortly after a company from Saco built a mill and a 
dam within half a mile of the mouth of the stream. 
When completed it fell into the hands of Amos M. 
Roberts, of Bangor, and was run by John Jackins for 
several years. A shingle-mill was built there later by 
Hiram Hathorn. These mills were burnt down in 1870. 
This property was owned a long time by Wo'odman & 
Maling, of Bangor, and run by Hiram Hathorn. In 1879 
Harvey Jordon, of Brewer, built a large lumber-mill and 
bought the shingle-mill erected by Hathorn after the old 
mill was burnt. In 1838 Simiiel Warren Coombs re- 
moved from Chester to Mattawamkeag, and built where 
he now lives. 

Soon after the town was lotted out a road was built to 
accommodate the Mattakeunk neighborhood, and on 
that road Samuel Briggs, who removed from Winn, made 
a farm. Franklin Chesley made a farm in 1839 farther 
up the road. John Jackins built a house at the mill. 
Within the next decade some half a dozen farms were 
made and houses built along the Penobscot River, in- 
duced by the milling operations in Mattakeunk. The 
leading men there for a while seemed to be Phineas Foss 
and John Jackins, the latter a brother of Mrs. Samuel 
W. Coombs. 

Early after Hoskins' connection with Mattawamkeag's 
business he had cleared up or started the present farm 
of Edward Shaw, Jr., or within a half mile or so of the 
bridge, but it was not until after 1850 that the present 
Medway road was built, starting near the bridge and 
winding along most of the way by the Penobscot River 
side. 

Mattakeunk Lake, though not in Penobscot county, is 
a great resort for fishermen, especially in the winters. 

Below Mattawamkeag village, early after the settlement 
there, about 1830^36, Charles Stetson built a house 
which stood in the present dooryard of the present fine 
residence of the late Asa Smith. The old house is now 
used as an out-house. Gideon Stetson, of Lincoln, is a 
son of Charles Stetson, and was the first blacksmith in 
town. 

Joseph Blakemore, the father of George W., and a 
brother of the wife of Elijah Brackett, the pioneer of 
Upper Winn, built, about 1842, where George now lives. 
During the years between 1840 and 1850 three or four 
other farms were made on the Military Road, toward Winn 
and Mattawamkeag, extending to within three-fourths of 
a mile of Winn village. 

Above Webb Hill but few other settlements were made, 
the Bradeens locating above Gould's. Indeed, in the 
whole about five-mile stretch of road to Aroostook 
county line hardly five farms now exist, though several 




a^j-a- ^^'f^i^^. 




Residence of the Late ASA SMITH, Mattawamkeag, Me. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



897 



old clearings grown up to bushes attest to the pioneer 
unwisdom and subsequent discouragement and desertion. 
The most of the way to Haynesville the road goes over a 
boggy, ground, whereas if it went eastward a few miles 
nearer the valleys of tlie streams, fine farming lands would 
have attracted immigration. 

Some two and one-half miles above Mattawamkeag 
village are the sunken bridges on the Military Road, wliere 
five bridges have sunk into the soft ooze whose depth 
has never been discovered, though the length of the 
bridge has been shortened by filling up. About a mile 
above Mattawamkeag a new road goes into a settlement 
commenced near i860; this, with the exception of a 
short road of two or three iniles up the Mattawamkeag 
River, and the old soldiers' road, being all the roads and 
settlements in Mattawamkeag off the Military Road and 
Medway road, excepting the Davis road. 

As immigration into the upper country continued 
Mattawamkeag became the gateway to upper Penobscot 
and the Aroostook country, and its popular stopping 
place, Smith's hotel, was full; Hoskins and Waite's well 
employed — afterwards kept by George Sanborn until 
bought by Smith; and a house built by Josiah Cripps 
was at'terwards enlarged to a hotel by the Fisks, but a 
few rods down the river from Smith's, also kept by Alvin 
Hoskins in 1847, and later by Josiah Snow, Samuel 
Dudley, Lewis Brown, and by Stratton, and at present 
by Charles Green and his son-in law, (ireenwood. The 
Smith family long ke|)t the hotel, the Mattawamkeag 
stage house, from 1847 'o 1852. It was then kept by 
Holder Sanford, Isaac Bartram, John R. Adams, Smith 
& Wing, then by Henry Wing, a son-in-law of Smith; 
then by George Parks. It has since changed hands 
many times, and at present is managed by Simon B. 
Gates, who puichased it in iSii. 

The first known postmaster in the town was Asa 
Smith, who was early appointed, though there may have 
been some one before, during the "salt-box" period of 
our mails. Postmasters since Smith have been Holder 
Sanford, Asa Smith again, George W. Smith, then the 
present incumbent, David S. Parker, who is also Station 
Agent on the European & North American Railway. 

Of merchants, Beniah Sturgis, a brother of the hotel 
keeper, E. G. Sturgis, traded in 1833-34, and seems to 
have been the first in town. Asa Smith, while connected 
with the hotel, was also in trade. Between 1846-50 Al- 
vin Haynes was in trade. Gilbert, Kirbg & Co. and J. 
B. Foss for two or three years; Hiram Haines, brother 
of Henry Haines; G. W. Smith, H. W. Fisk, and many 
others. In 1872 Asa Smith erected the present large 
store and dwelling house, where George W. Smith re- 
sides and trades. About the same time Henry W. Fisk 
built the present store of William H. Libbf, who took in 
the present year Orlando A. Stratton, a son of Lewis F. 
Stratton, who had traded there previous to Libby. 

Professionally, Mattawamkeag has been but a fitful 
residence. Since the early location of Dr. Lumbert, 
who returned very soon to Readfield, one other physi- 
cian was here for a short portion of a year. About 
1S60 Dr. .Vlbert Pearson came to Mattawamkeag from 



Lincoln. Since Dr. Lumbert left, no physician with a 
family has lived here. About 1870 Dr. Henry A. Rey- 
nolds, of red ribbon fame, removed from Winn to Matta- 
wamkeag, and after remaining a year or two returned to 
Bangor. In 1881 Dr. Daniel H. Kelly, of Bangor, lo- 
cated here, where he still remains. 

The sole lawyer who was at one time a resident of the 
town, was William A. Evans, a brother of George E. 
Evans, of Portland. He was in Mattawamkeag some 
time between the years 1872 and 1875, 'i"<i removed to 
Bluehill, where he has since died. 

About 1840 Jonathan Sewall, a Calvinist Baptist, 
preached in Mattawamkeag and vicinity. A ."imall church 
was established, but is not now in existence. 

In 1 868, or the following year, a Methodist Episcopal 
church was organized under the preaching of Rev. 
George R. Palmer, and in 1879 a church edifice was 
started, but from some cause it has progressed but little, 
although the exterior was completed in 1881. The pres- 
ent membership is about twenty. The church edifice is 
located on Railroad street, on which several of the em- 
ployes of the European & North America Railway re- 
side. 

In the sparsely settled upper Penobscot, for election 
purposes, a quite large territory was embraced in one 
voting precinct, and as late as 1853 the voters of Winn, 
Mattawamkeag, Woodville, and Nicatou, (Chester, be- 
ing incorporated in 1834,) met for election purposes near 
the end of Mattawamkeag bridge. In 1853 Five Islands 
Plantation was incorporated, which reduced the num- 
ber of voters litre. Winn was incorporated in 1857, 
and Mattawamkeag in i860, which threw Woodville, 
and Nic.Ttou into another precinct for voting purposes. 

March 26, 1853, the officers elected for Mattawam- 
keag were Asa Smith, Moderator; Asher Martin, Clerk; 
Thomas S. Ranney and A. Langley, Assessor; Ranney, 
Superintending School Committeeman; and Langley, S. 
W. Dudley, John Bradeen, John Hathorn, and James 
Rand, School Agents. 

May I, 1854, a petition was presented by Asa Smith, 
John Q. Adams, and Henry Haines, of East Indian 
township, to Alvin Haynes, one of the County Commis- 
sioners, for the issuance of a warrant authorizing a meet- 
ing for the organization of a plantation to be called Mat- 
tawamkeag. The officers elected were Asa Smith, 
Moderator and First Assessor, and Samuel W. Coombs 
Clerk. In 1855 three school districts were established. 
In 1856 George W. Smith was chosen Clerk, which 
office he held during the plantation existence. An ad- 
ditional school district was established in this year. In 
1859 the last school district was merged into the first. 

In February, i860, Townshij) No. i, Indian Purchase, 
east side of the Penobscot River, was incorporated as 
the town of Mattawamkeag, a name taken from the river 
whose mouth is in that town. The best Indian authority 
gives its signification as "A river with many rocks at its 
mouth." In March of the same year Asa Smith issued 
his warrant to Richard Sibley to call a meeting for accept- 
ance of the act of incorporation. At the meeting Asa 
Smith was chosen Moderator, First Selectman, and 



898 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Treasurer, one of which offices he held nearly every 
year unlil his death in 1880. George \V. Smith, his 
son, was chosen Clerk; Samuel W. Coombs and Colum- 
bus Chesley Second and Third Selectnjcn. Three hun- 
dred dollars was raised for the upper slory for a town 
house, ijrovided District No. i raised $500 for building 
for school-house, as a lower story. 

In 1862 the Treasurer was authorized to pay $20 bounty 
to each of six volunteers who enlisted to save the town 
from draft. The same year $75 was voted to be paid to 
the families of soldiers absent in the war. 

In 1863 $100 was raised as bounty for five volunteers. 
Also Asa Smith was authorized to hire $1,050, payable 
in five years, to pay bounties to volunteers to fill Matta- 
wamkeag's quota. In 1865 the town offered to pay any 
enrolled man who should volunteer or furnish an accept- 
able substitute, $300 for one year, $350 for two years, 
and $400 for three years. 

In 1864 George W. Blake was chosen Town Clerk, 
and has been annually re-elected to the office since. 

In 1 87 1 $400 was raised for the support of schools; 
for a year or two before $280 had been raised, and for a 
long time previous $210 or $175. 

In 1873, in accordance with the law for that purpose, 
a free high school was maintained in Mattawamkeag. 

In November, 1869, the first train of the European & 
North American Railway reached Mattawamkeag. The 
advent of the railroad increased the population and prop- 
erty of the town materially. The railroad bridge across 
the stream was burned in May, 1874, and the same year 
a fine iron structure was erected at a cost of $20,000. 
The company owns property in the town amounting to 
$15,000. Their machine shop is under the management 
of A. O. Bailey. 

In 1873 Pine Tree Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, 
was instituted, with Wilbur F. Lovejoy, of Winn, as the 
first Worshipful Master. The present membership is 
seventy. 

In 1874 Sylvan Lodge, Independent Order of Good 
Templars, was established; the present membership is 
twenty-five. 

October 13, 1877, Floral Grange of Patrons of Hus- 
bandry w^as instituted, of which George W. Blakemore is 
Master. It has a membership of about forty; it holds 
an annual fair at the town hall, at which a very creditable 
show is made. 

STATISTICS, ETC. 

Mattawamkeag had 280 people within its borders by 
the census of i860; in 1870, 356; in 1880, 456. 

It had 65 voters in i860, 63 in 1870, and 122 in 1880. 
The valuation of estates for these years severally, was 
$25,000, $76,779, and $771768. 

Mr. D. S. Parker is Postmaster. The other local 
officers at last report were: Samuel W. Coombs, AVilliam 
H. Libby, Charles A. Smith, Selectmen; G. W. Blake- 
more, Town Clerk; George W. Smith, Treasurer; D. S. 
Ciiadbourne, A. L. Thompson, G. W. Blakemore, Con- 
stables; Stark Webster, J. H. Hamilton, Stewart R. Gra- 
ham, School Committee; George W. Smith, (quorum) 
Justice. 



The town had then one manufactory of long and short 
lumber, one carriage maker, one picture frame maker, 
one carpenter and builder, and two smiths. There were 
two dealers in dry goods and groceries, one livery stable, 
two hotels, and one resident clergyman. 

BIOGR.\PHICAL SKETCHES. 

George W. Smith, of Mattawamkeag, is a son of the 
late Hon. Asa Smith, whose biography appears elsewhfere 
in this work. He was born in Haynesville, Aroostook 
county, October 24, 1834, and came to Mattawamkeag 
when a child with his parents, and has always lived here. 
He married for his first wife Miss Roselta K. Brown, of 
Haynesville, who died in 1871, leaving one sen, Fred. 
For his second wife Mr. Smith married Althea H. Bab- 
cock, of Lincoln Centre. They have three children, 
viz: Gracie M., Sarah, and John. In 1870 Mn Smith 
erected the fine store he now occupies, an illustration of 
which ajjpears in this work. He is a man honored by 
his townsmen with the best offices in their gift, having 
held all the leading town offices. He keeps a general 
merchandise store and is express agent at this time. He 
is Secretary of the Pine Tree Lodge of Free and Ac- 
cepted Masons, and an honored member of the frater- 
nity. 

Mr. G. D. Stratton, of Mattawamkeag, was born No 
vember 22, 1843. His father, Paul Stratton, now eighty- 
four years of age, is a pioneer settler in Penobscot 
county. He was in the War of 1812 and is now a pen- 
sioner. He married Miss Sarah A. Frazier, of St. Johns, 
New Brunswick; they were married in St. Johns, and 
after living there thirteen years came to this county and 
settled in Chester about 1834. He lived there until 
1851, when he moved into Winn, then known as the 
Five Islands, and built a hotel, being the second house 
in the place. He followed hotel keeping and farming 
until 1S63; since then he has retired from active busi- 
ness, and now resides in Mattawamkeag. Mrs. Stratton 
died in 1879, at the age of seventy-nine. They had ten 
children, viz: Mary, wife of George B. Robertson, of 
Bangor; William, now in Chester; Eliza, now Mrs. Jo- 
siah Snow^ of Mattawamkeag; Lewis F., Sheriff of Pe- 
nobscot county, now in Bangor; Jane, now Mrs. James 
Snow, of Mattawamkeag; Eunice, wife of the late James 
P. Crowell, of Orono; George H., in Minnesota; Ellen 
D., wife of O. T. Hooper, of Boston; Martha, now Mrs. 
William Jewell, of Gorham, New Hampshire; and Guil- 
ford D., now of Mattawamkeag. G. D. Stratton was 
born in Chester; on becoming of age he engaged in 
hotel keeping in Winn; he also kept a livery stable there 
several years. From Winn he moved to Lincoln and 
farmed three years. He came to Mattawamkeag in 1872 
and bought the hotel which he kept until the spring of 
1881, w^hen he sold out and moved to his farm just out 
of town. During his life in Mattawamkeag he farmed 
in connection with his hotel. He married Miss Eva L. 
Wing, daughter of Henry S. and Hannah Wing, of Mat- 
tawamkeag. They have three children — Alice May, 
Rosa, and Roy. 

Frederick A. Greenwood, now of Mattawamkeag, is a 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



899 



^on of Franris and Mary Greenwood, of l.ennoxville. 
Province of Quebec. Francis Greenwood has four chil- 
dren living— E. X., now in Detroit, Michigan; Ellen, 
wife of D. Moulton, of Minneapolis; Elizabeth, and 
Frederick A. Mr. and Mrs. Greenwood are both living 
in Lennoxville. F. A. Greenwood was born June 20, 
1 85 2. After obtaining a common school education he 
studied locomotive engmeering, and was engaged in that 
business until 1877. At that time he took an engine and 
cut the wood for the European & North American Rail- 
way, at which he worked three years, until March, 1881, 
when he bought the hotel at Lincoln, which he kept till 
about the 1st of August, when he sold out, and since 
then has taken a trip in the West. He has not again en- 
gaged in any business. He married Laura A. Greene, 
daughter of Charles Greene, of Mattawanikcag. They 
have one daughter — Grace M. 

The fourth permanent settler in Mattawamkeag was 
Samuel W. Coombs, who came here from Albion, K.enne- 
bec county, in 1835. He had spent about a year in the 
county before coming here. He was born August 25, rSro, 
in Islesboro, this county. His father, Jonathan Coombs, 
was a son of .Anthony Coombs, of Brunswick, Maine. 
Jonathan Coombs married ?>Iartha Warren, daughter of 
Samuel Warren, of Islesboro. He was a seafaring man 
during his early life, but spent his middle and latter days on 
a farm in Kennebec county. He had twelve children, four 
sons and eight daughters, of whom Samutl is the third 
son, the others being Jonathan, James, and Albert, de- 
ceased. Samuel W. Coombs on becoming of age worked 
at the house carpenter's trade fifteen years, building ho- 
tels along the river. Since then he has been engaged in 
surveying land and scaling lumber. He married Maria 
Jackins, of Chester, daughter of Christopher Jackins. 
To this couple have been born eight children, of whom 
six are living — Corrilla N., wife of Alonzo Babcock, of 
Augusta, Maine; Martha, deceased, wife of George H. 
Libbey, of Molunkus: Maria, at home; Hannibal Hamlin, 
now of Mattawamkeag; George W., deceased; Mary, of 
Minnesota; Sanford, at home; Dexter, of this town; and 
Matilda, deceased. Mr. Coombs is now Chairman of the 
Town Board. He has held many of the town offices. 

George W. Blakemore, of Mattawamkeag, was born May 
3, 1838. He is a son of Joseph D. and Hebsabeth Blake- 
more. His grandfather came from Northamptonshire, 
England. Joseph D. had three children by his first wife. 
George ^\'. is the only son living of the second family. 
The names of this family were Joseph H. and Sarah M. 
Mr. Blakemore died February 14, 1866; Mrs. Blake- 
more is still living with her son and daughter. George 
W. was raised on a farm, and went into the army in 
1 86 2 in the Sixth Maine Infantry Volunteers, where he 
remained about six months, when he was discharged for 
disability on account of a severe attack of rheumatic 
fever. On his return from the army he came to Matta- 
wamkeag, and since th?n has been engaged as a clerk .for 
George W. Smith. Mr. Blakemore married Catharine 
Asher, daughter of William and Mary Asher, of Sherman, 
Maine. They have three children — Elzaidee M., George 
E., and Lottie H. Mr. Blakemore has been Town Clerk 



for seventeen years, and resides in the south part of the 
village. 

Columbus Chesley, of Mattawamkeag, is a son of 
Sumuel Chesley, who was a native of Paris. His grand- 
father, Nicholas Chesley, was a native of Gloucester, 
Massachusetts. Samuel Chesley married Martha Perry. 
They had ten children, of whom Columbus is the fifth. 
He came to Mattawamkeag in 1854, when he was 
thirty-two years old, being born October 27, 1822. 
He has a small place in the village. He married Eliza- 
beth Babcock, daughter of Jesse and Polly Babcock. 
They have four children — Henry C, Alice M., Albert, 
and Eunice. 

Mr. S. B. Gates, proprietor of the two fine hotels, one 
at Winn and the other at Mattawamkeag, is a son of 
Zadock Gates, who was born in Paris, Maine. He mar- 
ried Adeline Monroe. They had seven children — 
Simon B.; Frances, wife of Samuel Lowell, of Danforth, 
Maine; Oliver P., deceased; Augustine, died in the army; 
Silas W., died in the army; George B., now in Nevada; 
Vesta P., in Chicago; Galen, deceased. Mr. Gates died 
in 1880; Mrs. Gates died within a week after Mr. Gates. 
Simon B. Gates was born March 31, 1834, in Lincoln. 
On becoming of age he engaged in teaching, which he 
followed four years. He then went into trade in Car- 
roll, where he remained about three years, or until about 
1867, when he went to Springfield and engaged in the 
hotel business, which he has since followed. He opened 
the large hotel at Winn in 1874. This hotel is the largest 
north of Bangor in this county. In 1881 he purchased 
the hotel at Mattawamkeag, which is also large, and under 
Mr. Gates's management a well kept house. He now 
runs both hotels, spending a portion of his time at each 
place, his family living at Winn. Mr. Gates married 
Theolocia Randall, daughter of Charles and Susan 
Randall, of Springfield, Maine. They have four children: 
Stella, Ora, Fayette, and V'aughn. 

Mrs. M. E. Willey, of Mattawamkeag, is a daughter 
of Mrs. Maria McNamara, late of Bangor. Mrs. Mc- 
Namara was born in Providence, Rhode Island, May 28, 
1791. In 1813 she married John McNamara, who was 
engaged in the \\^ar of 181 2 in supplying troops at the 
battle of Lake Champlain. They went to Boston, where 
Mr. McNamara engaged in business. They lived here 
until 1834, when the financial crisis caused him to fail in 
business. Mr. McNamara, feeling his losses very heavily, 
left Boston, and with many others became interested in 
Maine timber lands. He went to the Aroostook, then a 
new and wild country. The family soon followed, and 
to them the change was very great, as there were only 
log houses, and no privileges, either social or religious. 
The children, three daughters, pleased with the novelty, 
did not realize the change, but the mother, though deep- 
ly feeling it, accepted the changed circumstances, and 
with Christian fortitude looked up for strength; went 
bravely forward, comforting and sustaining her husband 
who soon sank under the change, and died in 1842 at 
the age of sixty-two years. In 1852, with her children, 
four in number, a son having been born here, she re- 
moved to Bangor and passed the remainder of her days 



^00 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



in contentment, having the respect of all who knew her. 
She died June 29, 1863, leaving to her family and friends 
a bright example of the power of Christian faith and for- 
titude to sustain the trials and discipline of life. She 
had nine children, of whom four lived to grow up, viz : 
Ann Maria, deceased ; Mary Eliza, now Mrs. Willey, of 
Mattawamkeag ; Louisa, deceased, wife of William Wil- 
ley ; and John T., deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Willey have 
no children. 

Mr. A. O. Bailey, Master Mechanic in charge of the 
European & North American Railroad shops at Matta- 
wamkeag, is a son of James W. Bailey, of New Glouces- 
ter, Maine. His grandfather was Jacob Bailey, of the 
same place. James W. Bailey married Hannah Smith, 
of Lisbon, Maine. They had eight children, viz : Au- 
gustus O.; Martha, wife of William Lucas, of Sangerville, 
Maine ; Solomon ; H. C, deceased ; James E., now in 
Belleville, Canada West ; Jennett, wife of Benjamin E. 
Swett, of Brunswick, Maine ; Sarah H., deceased, wife 
of Silas B. Foster, of Gray ; Mary A., deceased, wife of 
Charles Latham, Portland. Both James W. Bailey and 
his wife are now deceased. A. O. Bailey, the oldest 
son of this family, was born February 11, 1825. When 
seventeen years of age he went to work in the woolen 
factory in Gray, where he remained one year when he 
went to Sacarappa, Maine, where he remained one year 
in the same business. In 1844 he went to Turner, 
Maine, where he worked in the factory three years, hav- 
ing charge of the weaving room. From here he went 
back to Sacarappa and entered the machine shop to learn 
the machinist's trade. After spending some years here 
he went to Gorham and worked awhile, when the firm 
sold out and he went with Mr. Gammon to New Hamp- 
shire and remained about si.x months. About 1850 he 
went to Portland and worked at the same trade about 
two years, after which he went into the employ of the 
Grand Trunk Railroad, at Gorham, New Hampshire. 
Here he remained as locomotive foreman eleven years, 
until about 1863. After this he went into mercantile 
business in Gorham, New Hampshire, and continued 
about two years, when he went to Glen Cottage, New 
Hampshire, and lived about nine montlis engaged in 
building a summer hotel. The hotel took fire and 
burned, placing Mr. Bailey back where he started in life. 
After losing his property here he went to Portland and 
engaged with the same company for whom he had pre- 
viously worked, taking charge of their new engines as 
they were sent out until they were accepted by the pur- 
chasers. He remained in their employ about tw^o years, 
when he came to Mattawamkeag, and has since remained 
as Master Mechanic for the European & North ,A.merican 
Railroad, and has charge of their shops at this place. 
These are the only shops of the road. Mr. Bailey mar- 
ried Elizabeth A. Cloudman, daughter of John T. S. and 
Mary A. Cloudman. They have one son, Frederick A., 
now with his father in the shops. Mr. Bailey has found 
time in his busy life to serve his town several terms, both 
here and in New Hampshire, as Selectman. 

W. H. Libbey, of Mattawamkeag, is a son of Joseph 
and Nancy Libbey {nee Nancy Foster), of Macvvahoc, 



Aroostook county. Joseph Libbey has five children, four 
of whom arc living, viz: William H.; Charles O., now 
of Macwahoc; Oscar H., also in Macwahoc; Jennie K., 
deceased ; Ada G., wife of M. Bowley, of Macwahoc. 
Mr. and Mrs. Libbey are both now living in Macwahoc. 
William H., the oldest son of this family was born March 
3, 1844. His father being a farmer he spent his boy- 
hood on the farm and after becoming of age he entered 
the employ of M. Johnson, of South Molunkus, where he 
remained eight years, when he came to Mattawamkeag 
and opened a general merchandise store, which he has 
since carried on. In 187 1 he married Miss Maria A. 
Blackwell, daughter of Oliver and Sabra Blackwcll, of 
Patten. They have one adopted child, Joseph by name, 
a child of Mr. Libbey's sister, who died and left it when 
an infant. Mr. Libbey is at present a member of the 
Board of Selectmen of this town. 

Alexander McClain, who came to Mattawamkeag from 
Readlield in 1846, is a son of Alexander and Esther Mc- 
Clain {nee Esther Robbins). Alexander McClain had 
two w'ives. By his first wife he had seven children, of 
whom Alexander, Jr., is the second son. Mr. McClain 
was a lumberman and was drowned in the year 1826. 
Alexander, Jr., was born July 24, 1823, and left home 
when a mere lad, being bound out to a man by 
the name of Soule, in the town of Hope. He left him 
when twelve and went to live with an uncle in Readfield. 
He lived here until about eighteen when he came to 
Mattawamkeag, where he has since lived, except ten 
years he spent in Molunkus, where he built a mill. He 
has been engaged in lumbering, milling and farming. 
He was for ten years Deputy Sheriff of this and Aroos- 
took county, and now has a nice place of sixteen acres 
in the village. He has been in charge of the drives on 
the Mattawamkeag for many years and sometimes takes 
the job to get down the logs. He married Mary I. 
Shedd, daughter of Nathan and Celinda Shedd {nee 
Celinda Black). They have had eleven children, viz: 
Benjamin F., deceased; Thomas, in the West; Alexander, 
Jr., in Danforth, Maine; Ann ALaria, deceased; Emma, 
wife of Humphrey Chadbourn, of ALrttawamkeag; Mary I., 
deceased wite of Alexander Daugherty ; Etta May, wife 
of Alexander Daugherty; Rufus R., now at home; 
Celinda A., deceased; Nathan S., and George W. Mr. 
McClain is at present United States Revenue Detective. 

Mr. J. H. Jordan, of Mattawamkeag, is a son of 
Luther Jordan. This branch of the Jordan family can 
be traced by Luther Jordan back to his grandfather, 
whose name was John Jordan, of Mariaville, Hancock 
county, Maine. Luther's father's name was John C. 
Jordan, who lived in the same town. John C. Jordan 
married Lucy T. Jordan. They had nine children, of 
whom Luther is the fourth son. He was born March 
23, 1 819, in Mariaville. He lived in Mattawamkeag 
until about eight years since, when he moved to Ells- 
worth, where he now lives. He married Polly W. 
Moore, of Mariaville. They have seven children living, 
viz: Wilmot P., now in Eddington, Maine; J. Harvey; 
Myra, wife of John F. Frost, of Ellsworth, Luther, now 
in St. Johns, New Brunswick; Moses L., of Veazie; 






HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



901 



Addie E., now Mrs. Charles Buzzell, of Veazie, and Eva 
J., now Mrs. Alonzo Jordan, of Ellsworth. 

J. Harvey was born March 10, 1843. He first settled 
in Veazie, where he lived about one year when he 
moved to Brewer. He now owns a residence there. He 
came here to Mattawamkeag about four years since, in 



1877, and bought the shingle-mill on Mattascunk Stream. 
Since then he has built a saw-mill and now manufac- 
tures boards, shingles, and laths. He married Asha 
Spencer, of Veazie. Tiiey have two children, viz: 
Nathaniel and Albert H. He owns a farm also in con- 
nection with his mill. 



MILFORD. 



SOME NOTES THEREOF. 

Our little bark of history now floats for many miles 
adown the broad Penobscot, till it is moored beside the 
traditional site of Tarratine sovereignty at Oldtown 
Island, and looks across the broad acres of old "Sunk- 
haze Plantation,'' the modern Milford. This town is 
only si.x and one-quarter miles from the northwest corner 
of Bangor; is immediately on the east bank of the Pe- 
nobscot; adjoins Hancock county on about two-fifths of 
its eastern boundary, and is separated only by Green- 
field from Township No. 39, in Hancock. It is 
bounded on the north by Greenbush; on the east by 
Greenfield and the Hancock county township No. 
32 ; on the south by Bradley; and on the west by 
the Penobscot, beyond which are Oldtown and a narrow 
breadth of Argyle. In the river between, however, are 
Oldtown Island, the lowermost of the Indian reservation, 
and still almost the exclusive place of residence for the 
tribe; northwest of it the larger Orson Island; below it 
the smaller one crossed by the tracks of the European & 
North American Railroad: and a small is let opposite the 
south line of Argvle. 

The north boundary of Milford is almost one-fifth of 
a mile short of six miles: the east line is six miles long; 
the south line six and two-tiiirds miles; and the west 
line, following the windings of the Penobscot, is a little 
more than six and one-half miles in lenslh. The north 
and south lines diverge a trifle from perfect parallelism, 
from east and west, so that the greatest breadth of the 
town, from north to south on a line dropped from the 
northwest corner, is about a quarter of a mile longer 
than the east line. The greatest length, from the inner- 
most bend at Milford village, is about seven miles. This 
line crosses the interesting series of waters known as the 
Otter Chain Ponds, a singular collection of small lakes, 
none of which are more than two thirds of a mile in 
length, and most of them but half a mile by perhaps 
half the length in greatest breadth in each case. The 
main part of the Chain is in the southwest quarter of the 



town, back from Milford village, and beginning one and 
one-half miles from the river. It consists of a series of 
seven ponds, lying in a rude triangle, with a sort 
of open handle to it, the whole two and one-eighth 
miles in greatest length and one and one-half in largest 
breadth. Each pond is connected with another, the 
last, singular to say, joining by an outlet to the first 
about midway of its length. The little streams con- 
necting the ponds are each but one-third to three- 
fourths of a mile long. The pond at the south 
angle of the triangle is the largest, being two-thirds of a 
mile long by about one-third in widest width. Just be- 
low the northwest angle is the last lake of the seven, 
half a mile below which is another small, narrow one, 
and a few rods further another, and smaller, beyond 
which the outlet runs one-third of a mile to the town 
line near the southwest corner, and then half a mile to 
the Penobscot through Great Works, where it furnishes 
valuable power. 

A very singular system of branches, also, forms the 
heads of the Sunkhaze Stream — so involved in its char- 
acter as to be almost impossible of description, except 
by the aid of a carefully-elaborated map. Suffice it to 
say that, all the way from the east middle of the north 
edge of Bradley, and the extreme northeast corner of 
that town, along the west edge of Greenfield, and the 
east border of Milford, to the middle of the south edge 
of Greenbush, the headwaters of Sunkhaze are found in 
no less than eighteen brooks and rivulets. From the 
south, flowing to a junction with Sunkhaze nearly half- 
way across the town, is the Baker Brook. Next on the 
east, with its mouth little more than half a mile above 
that of Baker, is the Little Birch, which heads in three 
little branches on the east part of the south edge of the 
town, and flows northwest. In the same general direc- 
tion, also from three heads, two of them near the south- 
east corner of the town, is the Big Birch, which, receiv- 
ing two more little affluents from the east, presently be- 
comes the south branch of the Sunkhaze, and, after a 



902 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



total flow of nearly five miles, joins the north branch a 
mile and a half above the Little Birch, and with it forms 
the Sunkhaze. The north branch has its heads beyond 
the northeast angle of the town, in the borders of Green- 
field and Greenbush, and flows southwest about three 
and a halt miles to the point of union. It receives one 
small tributary from the southeast on the way; al;o, from 
the north, less than a mile from the junction, the Spring 
Brook, which comes down two and a half miles from 
Greenbush, getting the increase of a small stream on the 
west, a mile from the North Branch. The Ri.issell 
Branch, also of Greenbush origin, running two-thirds of 
a mile west of Spring, and in general ]3arallelism with it, 
entering the Sunkhaze half a mile below the junction, 
completes the list of headwaters of the Sunkhaze. After 
receiving all these, it becomes a stream of quite respecta- 
ble size and flows in a tolerably broad current tor about 
three miles below the mouth of the Baker Brook, until it 
reaches the Penobscot. Half a mile above its mouth, on 
the north side, it takes in a two-mile afifluent called the 
Dudley Meadow Brook. Above this, and half a mile 
from the northwest corner of the town, a small stream 
flows into the Penobscot at Costigan Station, formed by 
two branches rising in Greenbush and Milford, respect- 
ively, and joining just east of the railroad. 

The population of Milford is almost altogetlier clus- 
tered at Milford village and on the river road a mile be- 
low. There is a tolerably dense settlement, however, 
just below the mouth of the Sunkhaze, and at Costigan 
Station, the post-oftice at which is called North Milford. 
A very few settlements have pushed into the interior in 
the southwest corner of the town, some of them getting 
within the enclosure of the Otter Chain Ponds. The 
only through roads of the town are the river road, passing 
through Milford village and keeping close to the Penob- 
scot; and one running east, south of east, and northeast 
in a devious route across the Baker, Little Birch, and 
Big Birch Brooks into Greenfield. A road also runs 
froin the north part of iMilford village to the Otter 
Chain. 

HISTORICAL SKETCHES.* 

Although this town has been settled about eighty years, 
it is largely forest, less than one-tenth of it being cleared 
land, which is mostly in the first tier of lots in the western 
part of the town, fronting on Penobscot River. 

The underlying and predominating rock is mica schist; 
the only granite found within the limits of the township 
is in the shape of granite bowlders scattered here and 
there over the surface. The surface of the township is 
mostly low and level in its character, there being no very 
extensive ridges. 

In the western part of the town, commencing at the 
south line, the land is slightly undulating and sloping 
gently to the river for the most part. This portion of the 
town affords e.\cellent and extensive water power, and is 
the most wealthy and populous part of the town. 

On what is known as Oldtown Falls is a large block of 
saw-mills of ancient date and somewhat antiquated con- 
struction. 

»By Mr. M. -A. .-\ustin, of .Milford village. 



Around this has grown up the village of Milford, its 
entire business being lumber, and as a consequence it has 
had alternate periods of growth and depression as the 
demand for lumber has been brisk or otherwise. 

In this part of the town is another water power of less 
importance than the first named, on which no improve- 
ments have ever been made. 

The northwestern part of the town, which has always 
been known as Sunkhaze, is so low and flat that Penob- 
scot River freshets submerge a large part of it. 

It_[s excellent grass land, ard more farming has always 

been done here than in any other part of the town. 

The northeastern part of the town is yet in its natural 
state, forest and the large meadow on Sunkhaze Stream 
occupying the whole of it. The forest has been and is 
now the scene of extensive lumbering operations, and the 
meadow was the resort of the early settlers for hay, 
which grows wild in abundance, and even now is utilized, 
though to a less extent than formerly. The southwestern 
part of the town is in a wild state; (ires have consumed 
a large part of the original timber and a second growth is 
coming rapidly forward and even now is of considerable 
value. 

The soil as a whole is not of the highest order even 
for New England. On the river and streams it is excel- 
lent, being easy to work, warm and productive, but as 
you leave the water courses it becomes cold, clayey and 
rocky, but there is hardly an acre of waste land in the 
town, as by clearing and cultivating it could all be made 
to ]5roduce excellent crops of grass. 

With the commencement of the present century was 
the beginning of Milford. In the year 1800, near where 
the residence of True G. Brown now is, was a log house 
occupied by a family by the name of Smith. Mr. Smith 
was what our Western friends would call a squatter, hav- 
ing no right to the land he occupied, and gained a living 
from the liver and the forest. About a year later than 
tills the State of Massachusetts, to which Maine was then 
attached, sent out a surveying party to run out lots in 



Township No. 



Old Indian Purchase (Milford] 



While surveying the township twelve of the party 
(whether the whole party or less history does not inform 
us), charmed with the fishing and hunting facilities of the 
country, selected lots on which to settle with their fami- 
lies. Early in the fall of 1802 they returned to their 
homes in Tyng.sboro, Massachusetts, fully determined to 
emigrate to the Eastern wilderness. 

The approaching winter, the hardships of pioneer life, 
the opposition of wives and families, removed the gla- 
mour of the wilderness from their minds, and only one of 
the party had the nerve to carry out his purpose. At this 
time Bangor was a very small village. There were a few 
settlers at Orono, and a very few families within the 
present limits of Oldtown. .V double saw-mill had been 
built in 1798, by Richard Winslow, on the Oldtown side 
of the river, which, with one frame house, was probably 
all that occupied the place where now is the village of 
Oldtown. In the month of December Joseph Butterfield 
reached the place that was henceforth to be his home. 
That winter Mr. Butterfield and his family dwelt in the 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



903 



log cabin of which previous mention has been made, 
with Mr. Smith, and busied himself in cutting timber 
with which to build himself a Iiouse. This timber was 
sawejd at Winslow's mill, and in 1803 Butterfield erected 
the first frame house in Milford, on the orchard lot 
which his descendants still own. This house was for a 
long time one of the landmarks of Milford, standing 
until a short time ago. The spot tiiat Mr. Butterfield oc- 
cupied, thougii white neighbors were few and far betw'een, 
was not a lonely one. It was in the very heart of 
the Tarratine country, having been purchased of them in 
1796, only si.\ years before. 

The Tatratines had once been a powerful and warlike 
tribe, and were still numerous. The house of Mr. Butter- 
field was separated by a narrow channel of the Penobscot 
from the Tarratine metropolis. These Indians had been 
friendly to the English settlers since 1726, but at this time 
perha|)s were not the most desirable neighbors. 

Miltbrd was still a "forest primeval.'' Although so near 
the Indian capital, and until so recently the property of 
the Indians, it was still a virgin forest. Its natural ap- 
pearance was unchanged. The "toweiing pines and the 
hemlocks" still stood unscathed by tlie woodman's axe; 
the Penobscot rolled its waters unvexed to the sea. All 
the natural wealth of the Penobscot Valley was still 
standing. The whole country was covered with pines, 
spruces, and hemlocks of the largest size and fiticst 
quality. What must have been the original aspect of the 
country when, after so many years of extensive and reck- 
less cutting, the lumber business is still the most impor- 
tant industry of the Penobscot Valley? The woods 
abounded in game. Moose, deer, and caribou were 
easily taken by the skillful hunter, while beaver, otter, 
and all the lesser fur-bearing animals were the sources of 
a traffic with the Indians which yielded rich returns to 
the white man. 

The Penobscot fairly swarmed with the finest fish — 
salmon, shad, and alewives were taken in quantities that 
seem now almost incredible. Shad Rips and the falls 
were fishing grounds of the greatest importance, and 
were resorted to for years by settlers from all parts of the 
valley. 

In such a country as this it will be seen that luxuries 
would not be easily obtained, but the necessaries of life- 
shelter, food, and clothing — -woukl be had without diffi- 
culty. 

Here Mr. Butterfield lived— for a short time alone, per- 
haps — the Smith family soon disappearing from the scene 
— but other settlers began to come in, and at the com- 
mencement of the War of 1S12 several families had set- 
tled in the town. 

A short time after the settlement of that part of the 
town where Milford village now is, the upper part of the 
town began to be settled also. Who was the first occu- 
pant of that part of the town it is now impossible to de- 
termine, but it is certain that in the first decade of the 
century Sunkhaze, as it was called, had its beginning, 
and that Samuel Dudley and, jjerhaps, others, were set- 
ded on the south side of Sunkhaze Stream. Samuel 
Bailey was living on the north side of the same stream, 



and an Irishman by the name of Larry Costigan was set- 
tled near the brook that now bears his name. 

The war ]}robably retarded the settlement of the town 
in a measure, but after the war the settlers began to 
come in slowly. Times were hard, the cold year(i8i6) 
and the scarcity occasioned by it turned the attention of 
the peo|)le of Maine to the milder climate and richer soil 
of the West, and what was known at the time as the "Ohio 
fever," was the result. Ohio was at that time a new State, 
and was supposed to offer better facilities than the bleak 
and barren East. A vast tide of emigration from Maine 
was the result. In every town farms were sold, stock 
disposed of, and every road filled with teams bound for 
the fair and fertile West. This was before the era of 
railroads, and a long and tedious journey was before 
the emigrant ere the enchanted ground was reached. 
The magnitude of this emigration may be divined when 
we learn that it reached No. 3, as Milford was then called. 
Colonel Ingalls, whose (limily was one of the seven or 
eight that then occupied the township, was seized with the 
Ohio fever and emigrated witii all his family except one 
daughter, who remained, becoming the wife of John 
Butterfield, the only son of Joseph Butterfield, just be- 
fore the departure of her parents. 

At this time the northern part of the town began to 
take the lead, and Sunkhaze began to assume local im- 
portance. The townships further up the river began to 
be settled and the lumber business to be developed. 

The person who did most to shape the destiny of the 
embryo town was William Bridge. I'he exact date of 
his arrival does not appear. He came from Massachu- 
setts, and for a number of years was engaged in the fish 
business. He purchased fish of the Indians, which he 
cured and salted for export. He no doubt foresaw the 
capabilities of the place, and through his representation 
Mr. Fiske, a capitalist of Boston, was induced to join 
with him in the purchase of the townshi[). They are re- 
ported to have paid for it twelve and one-half cents per 
acre to the State of Massachusetts for the entire town- 
ship except the few lots occupied by actual settlers. The 
business first engaged in by Mr. Bridge was fishing and 
trading with the Indians. This traffic was mostly in fish 
and furs, and shortly after the purchase of the township 
by Messrs. Fiske and Bridge a small store was built by 
them on the point where the ferry then was. Here 
they traded in a quiet way for some years, lumbering a 
little also, but making no attempts to improve the water 
power. This was about the time that Maine was ad- 
mitted to the Union as a State, just before which No. 3 
was made a Plantation and was known henceforth as 
Sunkhaze Plantation until its incorporation as the town 
of Milford. 

At the time of the admission of Maine the country 
was nearly recovered from the effects of the late war, and 
the policy of the successful and satisfactory administra- 
tion of Mr. Monroe gave a great impetus to business and 
created a demand for lumber, and the few saw- mills that 
were built at Oldtown, Orono, and further down the 
river were making some money. As yet none had been 
built at Milford. 



904 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



A hotel had been built at Sunkhaze before 1820. It 
is still standing, and is known as the old Amos Bailey 
stand. A store, perhaps two, had been built in the upper 
part of the town by this time, but they were not doing 
what at this time would be considered a large business. 
From 1820 to 1825 were quiet years at the lower end of 
the town. Messrs. Fisk & Bridge were still fishing and 
trading, but no change of moment was made in this part 
of the town. 

Sunkhaze increased somewhat in population, the build- 
ing of the highway from the north line of Milford to the 
north line of Lincoln, which the State was then doing, 
and the increase in the lumber business, had caused an- 
other tavern to be built there, but Sunkhaze was soon to 
lose its supremacy. A movement was on foot to improve 
the water-power in the southern part of the town, and in 
1S26 the first saw-mill was built in Milford. A double 
saw-mill was built first. It is now standing, but instead 
of the two single saws, as at the time it was built, it con- 
tains the gang of saws known as No. 3. 

The following year a second double mill was built on 
the shore, inside of the first-named, damming the liver 
havmg caused a washout that was easiest repaired by 
erecting a mill. This mill is now occupied by a circular 
saw of the latest pattern, and a clapboard machine, and 
would probably surprise its original constructor, a cele- 
brated millwright of the early days of Penobscot, by the 
name of Godfrey. 

Fiske & Bridge continued to build mills until 1833, 
when the whole mill was completed. It stands now in 
outward appearance nearly the same as at its completion. 
When completed it consisted of eight double mills, con- 
taining seventeen single saws. The old machinery and 
wheels have nearly all been replaced with machinery of 
more modern construction. The building of these mills 
made a great change in the town. Milford village came 
into existence, and being the centre of business it at once 
took the lead of Sunkhaze, which it will maintain, prob- 
ably forever. 

At this time, too, the Military Road, as it was called, 
was being built from Lincoln to Houlton, an appropria- 
tion having been obtained from the General Government 
during the administration of lohn Quincy Adams. The 
building of this road and the hauling of supplies over 
it for the garrison then, and for many years afterwards 
maintained at Houlton, made business extremely lively, 
and was a fruitful source of revenue to the taverns along 
the road. At that time there were three in Sunkhaze 
alone, all doing a lively business. 

These were the palmy days of Milford. Andrew Jack- 
son was President, and it was flush tunes all over the 
country. 

The business street of Milford in the early days was 
what is now known as Ferry street, at the foot of which 
was the ferry to Oldtown. The building of the Milford 
toll brige in 1830, some distance below, caused a gradual 
transfer to what is now known as Main street. This con- 
dition of things will probably be a lasting one. 

The building of tiie mills and the prosperous condition 
of business generally, caused Sunkhaze Plantation to 



grow ambitious, and in the winter of 1833 a bill was 
passed by the Legislature, incorporating it into a town by 
the name of Milford. It was named for Milford, 
Massachusetts, from which the early settlers of Sunkhaze 
came. 

The act of incorporation was signed by Governor 
Samuel E. Smith on the 28th February, 1833. It 
bears the signatures of Francis O. J. Smith, who for the 
six succeeding years was a member of the State Legisla- 
ture as President of the Senate, and Nathan Clifford as 
Speaker of the House, whose fame has since become na- 
tional as .Attorney-General and Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. From some cause which 
does not now appear, the act of incorporation was not 
accepted until the spring of 1835. On March 23 of 
that year Benjamin Johnston, a Justice of the Peace, 
issued his warrant to Joseph Demerritt, commanding him 
to notify the legal voters of the town to meet at the 
school-house in the south part of the town, to organize 
under the terms of the act, and to choose the necessary 
town officers. 

Accordingly, on the 4th day of April, 1835, the act of 
incorporation was accepted and the town organized. At 
the first meeting of the legal voters of the new town 
Benjamin Johnston was chosen Moderator, Alexander 
Woodard Town Clerk, Benjamin Johnston, Nathaniel 
Gerrish, and Ebenezer Toothaker, Selectmen; Saul Dud- 
ley, Town Agent; Peleg Hall, Alfred O. Ingersoll, and 
Alanson Austin, School Committee. At this time the 
town was divided into two school districts, and Samuel 
Wright and Charles Brown were chosen School Agents. 
Previous to 1835 there was a dispute between Milford 
and Orono (then including Oldtown) about the dividing 
line, and in 1833 the Selectmen of Orono taxed the eight 
saws lying outside the sluiceway at Milford, claiming that 
said sluiceway was the main channel of the river and 
that the outside saws were within the limits of Orono, 
and sliould be taxed accordingly. This claim the inhab- 
itants of Milford considered a most decided aggression. 
They accordingly appealed to the Supreme Court to de- 
cide the matter. 

The Court appointed three commissioners to decide 
where the boundary was between the towns. The com- 
missioners made an elaborate report deciding against 
the town of Orono, and establishing the lines as they 
now are. 

This was the era of speculation. General Jackson 
had declared war against the United States Bank; Con- 
gress had refused to renew its charter, and the policy of 
the Government in depositing its funds in certain of the 
State banks had caused them to be greatly multiplied. 
The issue of such immense quantities of paper money 
caused a general rise in values and made this a period 
of wild and reckless speculation. This was all well 
enough while it lasted, but inflation then as now had its 
limit, and in 1837 the bubble burst. The good times of 
Jackson's administration was followed by the hard times 
that weighed down President Van Buren's administration. 
The financial disaster that overspread the country was 
nowhere more severely felt than in Eastern Maine. It 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 



90s 



was severely felt in Milford, and for a number of years 
no houses were built, no further improvements were 
made on the water-power, and with die exception of 
changes in the" machinery but little has been done smce. 

Before the financial crash of 1837 Messrs. Fiske & 
Bridge had been endeavoring to develop the water- 
power to a greater extent, and it was supposed by many 
of the inhabitants that but a few years would elapse be- 
fore the town would become a city, but their hopes were 
now deferred for a time at least, and that time is still in 
the future. 

Financial depressions do not last always, and the effects 
of the jianic of 1837, though felt for several years, were 
followed by good times. 

The Penobscot country had come to be the great lum- 
bering country of the East, and kept pace with the 
growth .and improvement of the Nation. The stringency 
of the times diminished the cut of logs for a time, but 
the demand for lumber was soon active enough to em- 
ploy all the saws on the river, and Milfotd had its share 
of the business. The mills were run night and day, and 
the large number of men employed made it brisk busi- 
ness for the merchants and hotel-keepers. At this lime 
('38 to '40) there were four stores and two hotels in Mil- 
ford village. In Sunkhaze there were two stores and 
three taverns. Among the traders in Milford village was 
Samuel F. Hersey, who afterwards removed to Bangor, 
and died a few years ago a member of Congress and a 
millionaire. He occupied a store just below where the 
Willey Tavern (now the American House) stand.s. He 
was an enterprising, genial man, and was quite 'popular. 
He was Town Clerk in 1839, on the School Board in 
1840, and was a candidate for Representative to the Leg- 
islature in 1841. In the )ear 1S39 the dispute in regard 
to theNortheastern Boundary culminated in what is popu- 
larly known as the " Aroostook war." The section of 
country watered by the Aroostook and St. John Rivers 
being claimed by Great Britain as a jjart of the territory 
of New Brunswick, the permitting of timber on the 
Aroostook by that Province roused the State of Maine,- 
and the Covernor ordered four companies of militia to 
the disputed section to drive off the intruders. These 
companies were to accompany the Sheriff of Penobscot 
county as a posse comitatiis. One of these companies 
was from Oldtown, known in those days as the Rac- 
caribas. In its ranks were quite a number of the citi- 
zens of Milford, who endured all the hardships of the ex- 
pedition and the ridicule that was .cast upon it through 
the masterly retreat of the Sheriff andthe'flight of its 
commander. There was no tragedy, but a good deal of 
farce. The leaders were responsible for this; the pri- 
vates did their duty and afterwards received land war- 
rants from the General Government. 

In the election of 1840 Edward Kent was elected 
Governor by a decisive majority, and General Harrison 
was elected President. This was very pleasing to most 
of the citizens of Milford, which had been before and 
afterwards continued to be a stalwart Whig town. 
The canal at this time was occupied by a grist-mill and 
shingle- and clapboard-mill, but in 1842 Rufus Daven- 



port established a pail-factory thereon that for a time 
did an immense business. It did too much business in 
fact. He made pails faster than he could sell them, and, 
having overstocked the market, he suspended operations. 
He got rid of his buildings at once, easily disposing of 
them by moving them off and making them into dwellings, 
but he carried a stock of pails several j'ears. 

There had been but little change in the appearance of 
the town for several years, but the lumbering business 
continuing to prosper, a larger cut of logs was made in 
the winter of 1844-45 '^'^^.n in any previous year; some 
building began to be done, especially on the upper end 
of the main street. 

About this time Samuel Wright, who had been agent 
for the Mill Company since the commencement of their 
operations, resigned his jjosition and was succeeded by 
Rufus Davenport. 

In the latter part of May, 1849, William Bridge died. 
He had commenced his career in his younger days with 
high hopes of wealth and prosperity, but he was doomed 
to disappointment. His latter days were crowded with 
misfortunes, and death was probably welcomed by him. 

The discovery of gold in Califorina in 1848, and the 
rapid development of that country caused a fever in Mil- 
ford, as it did in other parts of the country. A great 
exodus took place, many of the smartest and most enter- 
prising young men emigrating to the golden shores of 
the Pacific. It was supposed that a great influx of 
wealth would be the result, and it was said that a bank 
would have to be established, but the wealth did not 
come in and the bank has not yet been founded. A 
large number of those who went out at this time died 
soon after reaching the land of promise. Some have 
never returned and most of those who have come back 
have never seemed to be overburdened with " filthy 
lucre." 

In 1849 the cholera raged with fearful violence in the 
countr)'. It reached Milford, and though greatly feared 
there was but one death in the village. In the French 
settlement of the south end near Bradley it made great 
havoc, fourteen dying, a very large percentage, for the 
French inhabitants were few in number. 

In 1850 Rufus Davenport resigned his position as 
agent fir the Mill Company and was succeeded by 
Stephen D. Brown. Under Mr. Davenport's superin- 
tendence some changes had been made in the machinery 
of the mills. Four gangs of saws had been set up and 
single saws removed to make room fur the same. These 
changes increased the capacity of the mills for the pro- 
duction of lumber. Such changes had taken place in 
most of the mills on the river, and proved necessary, as 
the cut of logs on ihe river was more than three times 
as great in 1850 as in 1840. 

About 1853 a new road was laid out from Milford to 
Greenfield. It was laid out through the southern part of 
the town, and was begun in the spring of 1854, some 
two miles of the road being completed that season. It 
was a long and costly route. It required several years to 
complete it, and was quite a burden for so small a town 
to carry. About the year 1850 the need of suitable ac- 



9o6 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



commodations for school purposes began to be felt in 
the southern part of the town. At the time of the incor- 
poration of the town the old school-house, the remains 
of which are still to be seen on the ledge near the river, 
in the upper part of the village, was the intellectual 
cradle in which the youth of the district were rocked, but 
it soon gave place to a new and more commodious 
school-house; this was in the outskirts of the village near 
the border of the pine forest called Pine Knoll. It only 
contained one room, and bv 1850 the scholars had be- 
come too numerous for its limited capacity, and besides 
improvement was the order of the day, and it was seen 
that an improvement could be made by organizing and 
grading the scholar into more than one school. For a 
few years primary schools were held in such rooms as 
could be obtained in various parts of the district. But 
this was only a makeshift, and did not give satisfaction. 

In the spring of 1853 a small building was erected on 
Davenport street, by the combined efforts of dissatisfied 
parties, and a private school established. This was quite 
successful for a timi', but at length a district meeting was 
called, and it was voted to build a new school-house, and 
money was appropriated for that purpose. The building 
was at once commenced, and in December, 1854, the 
lower story was occupied for the purpose for which it 
was intended. Two schools were established in the 
rooms on the ground floor. They were quite conven- 
iently arranged, and the district had now a school-house, 
of which it need not be ashamed. The old house near 
Pine Knoll was taken for a town house, and for a number 
of years was the Mecca towards which the countenances 
of the legal voters of the town were turned at least twice 
in the year, the annual meeting of March and September. 

For a number of years efforts had been made in March 
meetings looking to the purchase of a Town Farm or 
Almshouse. In 1854 the sum of $500 was appropriated 
to purchase a lot and erect buildings thereon, and a com- 
mittee was appointed to make the purchase and expend 
the money. The committee was also authorized to hire 
$1,500 at six per cent., if necessary. The lot was pur- 
chased and buildings erected. It cost enough to be, 
and perhaps was, a profitable investment. 

In 1854 the Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad 
built a bridge across the Penobscot, and Milford became 
the northern terminus of that road. It was a good thing 
for the hotel-keepers and blacksmiths. Many teams were 
employed in transporting the freight to the up-river coun- 
try. In the summer the steamboats on the Penobscot 
River were employed in the business, but in the winter 
it was done by horses, and Milford had the benefit of 
this activity. 

Milford at this time was a lively place. The war rag- 
ing in Europe had an enlivening eflect on the business of 
the United States. A great demand was created for 
American breadstuffs and provisions, and the merchant 
marine of the country was the finest in the world. 
Maine, as the leading ship-building State of the Union, 
was especially prosperous. The year 1855 was one of 
the greatest activity, more lumber being rafted on Penob- 
scot boom than in any previous year, and the ship-build- 



ing business of Maine was that year of surpassing mag- 
nitude. 

But good times do not always last. Hard times come, 
no matter who is President, and in 1857 another jieriod 
of stringency began. It affected the lumber business of 
the Penobscot seriously. The amount of lumber rafted 
on Penobscot boom in 1857 was 62,416,000 feet, a great 
fall off from the previous year, when the amount rafted 
was 143,271,000 feet. A shrinkage of values followed, 
and for a time the supply of labor was greater than the 
demand. 

In 1858, on the petition of Stephen Call and others, 
a new road was laid out from the upper end of Milford 
village to Sunkhaze Meadow. It was several years in 
building, and the appropriations for this and the eastern 
road running to Greenfield, not yet finished, made taxes 
somewhat heavier than they had been. 

In 1859 S. D. Brown resigned as agent for the Milford 
Mill Company, and was succeeded by Lewis Simpson, 
who held the position until said company sold out and 
dissolved in the fall of 1880. 

The year i860 was one of great political excitement. 
The Democratic party was divided against itself, and the 
Republican party, after a brilliant and exciting campaign', 
elected Abraham Lincoln President of the United States. 
Previous to the formation of the Rtjjublican party Mil- 
ford had been a Whig town, and upon the dissolution of 
the Whig party it naturally gravitated to the new organi- 
zation. In the Presidential election of i860 the Lincoln 
electors received eighty-one votes, all others thirty, and 
the political character of the town remained the same for 
some years. 

But the South chose to regard the election of Lincoln 
as a menace to slavery, and now came the crucial 
period of the Republic. War's fiery furnace was to test 
the strength of Republican institutions, and even the 
smallest hamlet was to be called upon to furnish victims. 

When the first call was made for volunteers by Presi- 
dent Lincoln, a meeting of the legal voters of the town 
was called for the 13th day of May, 1861, and a sum 
of money was raised to provide for the families of volun- 
teers. Several of the citizens of Milford enlisted in the 
Second Maine, the first regiment to go from Eastern 
Maine, and fought valiantly at Bull Run and all the sub- 
sequent battles in which the regiment was engaged. 
But the South was terribly in earnest, and the war con- 
tinued. Call after call was made, and Milford was rep- 
resented in the various regiments that went forth to the 
conflict. 

In 1862, when the terrible demand for men could not 
be supplied by volunteers and a draft was ordered, a 
public meeting was called and money was raised to 
hasten the filling of the quota of the town. But the war 
went on, and the call was men, more men. To every 
demand the town responded nobly, and the men 
were forwarded and money was voted without stint or 
hesitation. In 1863 the town was paying $225 for men 
in addition to State and Government bounty. 

As the calls were made, town meetings were called 
and money voted to raise volunteers; but two drafts were 



I 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



907 



made, and those drafted from the town were placed on 
the same footing and had the same bounty as volunteers. 

The war came on just as the country was recovering 
from, the hard times that followed the crash of 1857. It 
was supposed that times would be the 'hardest ever 
known, and in fact the season of 1861 was a hard one 
for the lumbermen. The demand for lumber being so 
light the West Branch drive was not drove in to the 
boom that season, but was boomed into the lower lakes, 
where it remained until the following year. Part of the saws 
in Milford were run that season and business proved much 
better than had been expected. The vast expenditures 
of the Government, the withdrawal of so many men from 
their ordinary avocations to the services of the Govern- 
ment, and the issue of paper money, stimulated business 
of all kinds, and by the spring of 1862 business of all 
kinds was in the most flourishing condition. Even the 
lumber business that it was supposed the war would 
almost wholly cut off, shared in the general improve- 
ment and stood on the same footing as the rest. The 
flourishing condition of the country made a demand for 
lumber for home consumption, and a large demand was 
made for Maine spruce in the West Indies and South 
America in consequence of the blockade of Southern 
ports shutting off the supply of hard pine, that had before 
furnished those markets. The mills on the river were 
running full time, lumber continually increasing in value, 
labor was in great demand, and wages all the time tending 
upward ; and while the best and bravest of the country's 
sons were dying on the battlefield, while the country was 
running into debt with a rapidity that surprised the whole 
world, the sacrifices of the country were partially com- 
pensated by the flourishing condition of business of all 
kinds. 

The year 1862 was a prosperous one, and 1863 was an 
improvement on the preceding year. Lumber continued 
to rise in value, and the wages of labor were constantly 
rising. 

In 1864 lumber reached a higher point than ever before, 
and probably higher than it has reached since. It was a 
lemarkably dry season. The water in the river was low 
and the saws cut out lumber slowly. Men were ex- 
tremely scarce and wages very high. All the mills on 
the river were running, many of them day and night. All 
the saws in Milford, one of which was so old and out of 
repair as to be considered almost worthless, were kept 
busy. It was a time of general activity and plenty, and 
but for the awful sacrifices of war it might be regarded 
as the most prosperous period of the Republic. In 
the winter of 1865 the last call of President Lincoln was 
filled, and in .March and April they were sent forward. 
But the end was near. The most of those raised under 
the last call were stopped at Portland and Boston, and 
with the capture of Richmond and the surrender of Lee 
the supremacy of the Government was established. The 
absent ones were to return to their homes, and fathers, 
mothers, wives, sisters, and brothers were to be made 
happy by the return of their loved ones. But not all 
were to be thus favored. Seventeen of the sons of Mil- 
ford had laid down their lives on the battlefield, and 



many of those who returned came back with constitu- 
tions weakened by exposure and disease. 

The spring of 1865 opened with a good stock of logs 
in the river, but it was supposed that the price of lumber 
must go down gradually. And it did go down for a 
spell; wages, too, fell greatly, and it was thought by some 
that the supply of men would be so great that labor would 
command starvation prices, but by July every man that 
wished to work was employed, and labor and wages were 
both tending upward. It was a very dry season; the 
drought was severer than in the preceding year, and 
there was considerable difificulty in filling the orders for 
lumber. It continued to rise in value, and in the fall 
was nearly as high as in the previous year. The favor- 
able condition of business, and the demand for saws 
caused some improvement to be made in the mills at 
Milford, all the saw-s being put in a rentable condition. 

The year 1866 was a remarkably good one for sawing 
lumber. There was no drought. The river was at good 
sawing pitch all summer. The whole mill was run, much 
of it day and night. There was a great demand for lum- 
ber, and a large stock of logs in the river; everything 
favored the manufacturer. It was a good year and every- 
body was making money. At this time considerable 
business was done in the forest in the southeastern part of 
town. .\ good deal of hemlock bark was peeled, and 
some railroad ties and ship knees were made, and hauled 
to the railroad station at Milford. The succeeding year, 
1867, was also one of great business prosperity. Logs 
were plenty, lumber sold well, and the drought was not a 
severe one. The operators in the mills this year were P. 
D. Hathorn, who occupied the shore end, and F. M. 
Cunningham, who occupied the stream end. 

The year 1868 was another prosperous one. The 
lumber business was brisk, and, in consequence, all other 
kinds of business carried on in the town were also pros- 
perous. The operators this year were P. 1). Hathorn, 
Wilder Brothers, and F. M. Leavitt. The building of 
railroads was being pushed vigorously in all parts of the 
country, and the European & North American Railway 
(at the present time the most important in Eastern 
Maine) was commenced this year. The bridge at Mil- 
ford was finished this season, and regular trips to Milford 
were commenced in December of this year, .^.t the 
same time the road was opened to Olamon. The next 
summer the European & North .American Railway Com- 
pany purchased the line of steamers running from Old- 
town to Winn and operated in connection with their 
railway, running at first from Olamon, afterwards from 
Passadumkeag to the head of navigation. This cut off 
the Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad from the up 
river country and made a vast diffeience in the status of 
that road in Milford. The freight and passenger busi- 
ness of that road dwindled down to a local business and 
this was shared with the new railway. The building of 
the new railroad made a gradual change in the manner 
of transporting to market the lumber manufactured at the 
mills. The river had always been used as a medium by 
w-hich to transport lumber to Bangor, where it was 
shipped to such places as required it. Immense rafts 



f 



908 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



were built at the foot of the mills, the various kinds and 
sizes being put into it, and when the water was at a good 
pitch for running these rafts they were deck-loaded with 
shingles, lath, and clapboards, and such other kinds of 
short lumber as the market required to be made. The 
current of the river tiien conveyed these rafts to Bangor 
in a very short time in high water, where they were 
broken up, sorted and surveyed previous to being shipped 
to buyers. 

But the railway changed all this. At first the short 
lumber was shipped by rail, and afterwards the long lum- 
ber as well. In the year 1870 Messrs. Dillingham & 
Wing, of Oldtown, purchased the Butterfield lot on the 
river, in the upper part of the village, and erected a 
steam mill. It contained a circular saw for cutting long 
lumber, and three shingle machines. It was quite an 
impoitant factor in the business of the town, being run 
for a lime winter and summer. In the winter of 1S71 
machinery for making Excelsior was put in this mill, and 
quite a business was done in this line. In the fall of 
1872 it was burned. It was afterwards rebuilt on a small 
scale to manufacture the stock on hand, but after the 
poplar in the storehouse was used up it discontinued 
operations, and the engine and other machinery was sold 
and removed. 

Another steam mill was built in Milford at about the 
same time, on the Greenfield road, four miles from Mil- 
ford Station. It was put up by Rand & Ames, and did 
quite a business in slaves and heading for a time, but it 
was not a paying investment, and the owners meeting 
with heavy losses it was shut down and never run after- 
wards. 

The lumber business at this time was not so prosperous 
as it had been, and in 1873 the whole of the mills did 
not run, and the "panic" of that year and the hard times 
following made almost an entire suspension of manufac- 
turing. In 1874 and 1875 one gang and one single saw 
was in operation. Afterwards for several years no long 
lumber was manufactured, and but little short lum- 
ber. 

These were the hard times that sat like an incubus on 
the whole country, and Milford felt these in all their 
stringency. Its mills idle, and no employment for labor, 
was particularly hard for a town where farming was of so 
little moment, and the manufacture of lumber almost the 
only resource. After several years of almost totaf in- 
action the idle wheels began to turn and the manufactur- 
ing interest began to recuperate. Heretofore the busi- 
ness of the Milford mills had been largely long lumber, 
but the hard times produced a change to short lumber. 
Shingles being especially in demand, machinery for 
manufacturing them was placed in the mills, and several 
Milford firms engaged quite largely in their manufacture. 
Although but a small part of the mill was in operation, 
quite a number of men vvere employed. The "Centen- 
nial" year, 1876, was one of the dullest years, but after 
this a gradual improvement took place. In 1877 there 
were six shingle machines in operation, and it was sup- 
posed the business of the town would be about the same 
as that of the pievious year, but the burning of the mills 



at Oldtuwn, in June, 1878, made a decided change in 
the business condition of Milford. The entire mill was 
leased to the firms that had been sawing at Oldtown, and 
Milford presented its old-time appearance. The mills 
being in demand, the owners began to improve them and 
make such changes as would adapt them to modern ma- 
chiner)'. The mills were put in connection with the rail- 
road, and lumber ceased to be conveyed by water to 
market. 

The year 1878 made a great change in the political 
condition uf Maine. For more than twenty years the 
Republican party had held complete control of the State, 
and Milford had rolled up large majorities for that party.' 
The Greenback party now developed immense strength, 
and uniting with the Democratic party succeeded in 
wresting the State from the Republicans. The vole in 
Milford this year was tie on the candidates for Governor, 
the Republican party and the Fusion party each polling 
seventy one votes. 

In 1879 business in all departments continued to im- 
prove and there was employment for all the labor of the 
town at fairly remunerative prices. 

The next year, 1880, was one of great prosperity. It 
witnessed a general revival in all branches of business 
and especially in lumber. A sharp and sudden advance 
in the price of lumber put every lumberman in the best 
possible humor. The saws were run to their full capac- 
ity and the only drawback was the long and extreme 
drought. This was the year of the Presidential election, 
and in Milford the Republicans made a decided gain 
from two years before, carrying the town by thirty-fi\e 
majority. 

Another event of some importance to the citizens of 
the town took place this year, the water-power mills and 
seventeen thousand acres of land within the limits of the 
township being sold by the proprietors, the Milford Mill 
Company, to a new company, known as the Milford 
Land and Lumber Company, for $85,000. On the land 
was a large amount of valuable timber which the new 
party proceeded to cut largely. They also made large 
improvements in the mills, putting in a new circular saw 
and otherwise increasing the capacity of the mill. The 
new firm is composed of Joseph R. Bodwcll, Francis 
Cobb, W. H. Maling, J. VV. Bodwell, and others, and it 
is to be hoped they design other improvements that will 
add largely to the business of the place. Owning a 
water-power equal to and superior to that of many of the 
largest manufacturing cities of the county, they have only 
to develop it to a limited extent to reap a rich harvest 
for themselves and to make for Milford an important 
place among the manufacturing centres of the State. 
The first year of their ownership has made a great 
change in the appearance of the town. More men are 
employed than ever before, and the general condition is 
one of thrift and prosperity. 

Perhaps the liveliness of the present year is the har- 
binger of better things, and in the near future the natural 
advantages of JNIilford for manufacturing purposes may 
be utilized, and the town commence a new career of 
growth and business activity. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



909 



SKETCHES OF SETTLERS. 

George N. Gerrish is tlie son of Amasa S. and Mahala 
T. Gerrish, of Milford. Amasa Gerrish was a native of 
Milford, his father, Nathaniel Gerrish, being one of the 
eaily settlers of the town. .Vniasa and Mahala Gerrish 
had four children, viz; Canie E., now Mrs. A. B. Libby, 
of this town; George N., Tena A., and Maidee. George 
N., the only son of this family, was born in Milford 
.\pril iS, 1858; after receiving a common school educa- 
tion, he went into the mercantile business for himself in 
1879, '" company with Mr. Simpson, under the firm 
name of G. N. Gerrish & Co., continuing in the business 
about two years, when he sold out to the Milford Land 
and Lumber Co., and has since been in their employ. 
He is at present Treasurer of the town of Milford. 

Mr. S. C. Higgins, of North Milford, is a son of Reu- 
ben and Susan Higgins, nee Susan Dickey, of Thorndike, 
Waldo county, Maine. His grandfather, Isaac Higgins, 
came from Gorham, Maine. Reuben and Susan Higgins 
had si.x children,, three sons and three daughters, viz: 
George D., deceased; Marshall T., now of Thorndike, 
Maine; Stephen C; Esther, wife of Leonard W. Mann, 
of Greenbush, Maine; Calista J., now Mrs. J. C. Cilley, 
of Lincolnville, Maine; Mary A., wife of Thomas Mc- 
Farland, of Belfast, Maine. Mr. Higgins lived and 
died in Thorndike ; he was a farmer. Mr. Hig- 
gins died somewhere about the year 1S60. Mrs. Higgins 
is still living with her daughter Mrs. Cilley. S. C. 
Higgins was born November 13, 1837, in Thorndike. 
.■\l'ter completing his education in the common and high 
school he came to North Milford in 1859, and engaged 
with Mr. Paul Dudley to work on his farm and about 
the store. He worked for Mr. Dudley ten years when 
he bought his store, farm and lumbering business. Since 
then he has lived in Milford and continued in the busi- 
ness of lumbering, farnimg and merchandising. During 
the winter he furnishes about twenty to thirty horses and 
men for the lumbering business in the woods. He does 
not manufacture his lumber but sells the logs. During 
the spring and early summer he employs about twenty- 
five men on the river running logs down, under the firm 
name of Higgins & Buzzell. He married Miss Hannah W. 
Burr, daughter of Warren Burr, of Argyle, Maine. They 
have two children, Myrtie M. and Paul D. Mr. Higgins 
has held the positions of Selectman, School Committee- 
man, etc., in his town. He is a member of the Star in 
the East Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Old- 
town, also of St. John's Commandery No. 3, of Bangor. 
William Oakes, a native of Temple, came to Olamon 
in this county in 1823, where he lived until 1835; then 
moved to Upper Stillwater, where he lived until 1858, 
when he moved to Wisconsin, and died in 1872. 
He married Martha S. Glidden. They had eight chil- 
dren, all ot whom grew to maturity: William A., now of 
Milford, Maine; James R.; Wallace C, deceased; Henry 
H., deceased ; Celestia W., now Mis. Michaels, of Up- 
per Stillwater, Maine; Martha J., wife of Charles J. 
Ellis, of Michigan; Nancy E., now Mrs. Caleb Williams, 
of the same place; Wilbert C, now in Peshtigo, Wis- 
consin. James R. Oakes was born December 27, 1833. 



He has always, or until within ten years, been engaged on 
the river as a lumberman. He is still largely interested 
in the lumber business. Though not jjerhaps classed as 
a manufacturer, he does manufacture part of his hmiber. 
He married Miss Eunice G. Cilley, daughter of Captain 
Cilley, of Alton, Maine. Mr. Oaks has been Selectman 
and Treasurer for many years in this town. Mr. William 
Oaks, father of James R., lost his property, and nearly 
lost his life in the great fire of Peshtigo, Wisconsin, in 
1869. 

Joseph Hammond, a native of Paris, Maine, married 
Lydia L. Cushman. They had eight children, seven of 
whom grew to maturity, viz : George, now^ of Lincoln, 
Maine; Ira F., also living in Lincoln; Andrew, subject 
of this sketch ; Marion \V., deceased, wife of Hiram B. 
Forbes, of Prescjue Isle, Maine; Sarah E., now Mrs. 
Isaac McGlaughlin, of Presque Isle, Maine; B. Cush- 
man; Eva, wife of George Snow, of Lincoln, Maine. 
Andrew Hammond, the third son of this family, was 
born November 17, 1S34. He married. Lizzie Sanborn, 
daughter of Jethro and Betsey Sanborn, of Newport, 
Maine. They have two children, viz : Clara A. and 
James Blaine. Mr. Hammond was brought up on a farm, 
and on becoming of age, followed the business of farm- 
ing until about twenty-four years of age, when he engaged 
in the lumber business, which he followed about eighteen 
years, until 1877, when he went into trade in Milford, 
Maine, where he has since continued. He keeps a stock 
of general merchandise. Mr. Hammond has held the 
oftice of Selectman in this town, and in other towns 
where he has lived. He is at present chairman of the 
board in Milford. 

John A. Dudley, of Milford, is a son of John and 
Nancy Dudley (tiee Nancy Cummings). His grandfather, 
Paul Dudley, was a native of Massachusetts. He came 
to Penobscot county about 1798, and settled in Millbrd 
on what is now^ known as the Dexter Brown place. He 
was a Revolutionary soldier in Washington's army. 
John and Nancy Dudley had five children, viz: Lucy 
L., deceased wife of Richard Blaisdell; Daniel D., now 
in Minnesota; Leafy, wife of \Villiam Baily of Milford; 
James C, of Minnesota; John H. Mr. Dudley always 
followed the lumber business in connection with farming. 
He died March 18, 1869; Mrs. Dudley died December 
20, 1864. John \. Dudley was born January 18, 1828, 
in Millord, where he now lives. He married Lucy M. 
Hathorn, daughter of Eli and Hannah Hathorn, of Mil- 
ford. Mr. Dudley has a good farm of 150 acres on the 
river road in Milford, with a good set of buildings, and 
is a well-to-do farmer. 

M. G. Stone came from New Hampshire to .NLtine in 
about 1808. He first settled in Bangor, but shortly 
nioved from there and lived in Greenfield, Passadumkeag, 
and Bradley, where he located in 1819. He married 
Deborah Chesley, of New Durham, and had a family of 
eight children — Josiah, Abigail, Mary, David, Benjamin, 
Nancy, M. C. and Alfred M. Mr. Stone died in 1849; 
his wife died in 1855. M. C. Stone was born in 1S13. 
He married Mary Jane Atkins, daughter of Nathaniel 
Atkins, who had nine children — Josejjh W., Hannah P., 



gio 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Mary J., Henry, Nancy C.,,. Nathanii.1 A., Charles W., 
Olive A., and Justin B. Mr. and Mrs. Stone were mar- 
ried in 1843, 'i^d liave had five children — Charles W., 
living at home; Olive D., now Mrs. Rogers, of Milfoid; 
Abbie P., now Mrs. Stafford, of Bangor, and Mary J., 
now Mrs. Cunningham, of Milford. Mr. Stone has been 
engaged as log agent, and though sixty-eight years of age 
still works at the business. 

Among the prominent men of Milford is M. W. Saw- 
yer, who is the son of Edmund Sawyer, of Medford, 
Maine. He was born in Saco, Maine, and lived for a 
time at Oldtown. He moved to Medford about 1835, 
where he still lives. He married Lovinia Snow, of Milo. 
They had six children, three of whom only arrived at 
maturity, viz: Lizzie F., now Mrs. I. G. Mayo, of Milo; 
Carrie H.,now Mrs. W. W. Walton, of Milo; and M. W., 
all of whom are still living. M. W. Sawyer was born 
in Medford, Maine, March i, 1839. He came to Mil- 
ford aijd settled in 1865, engaging in general merchan- 
dising and lumber business. In 1865 he married Miss 
Lucy A. Willey, daughter of William Willey, of Milford. 
They have had three children, viz : Edmund M., Frank 
W., and Lulu B., all of whoui are still living at home. 
Mr. Sawyer has a fine store and dwelling house in Mil- 
ford, and is one of the most prominent men of the place. 
He has served his town as Treasurer for several years. 

F. H. Butterfield is a son of John Butterfield, who 
came to this town from Kingsboro, Massachusetts, when 
a lad of seven years. The father married Betsey C. In- 
galls, of Milford, and had fourteen children, ten of whom 
arrived at maturity — Mary, Charlotte, Emeline, Charles 
W., Joseph, John, George F., Harry N., William J., and 
F. H. F. H. Butterfield was born March 18, 1S40, and . 
is unmarried. William J., born February 27, 1838, mar- 
ried Lois D. Riggs, of Milford, and has had four chil- 
dren, of whom two are living — Hattie E. and Bessie E. 
William is now Clerk of this town. The Butterfield 
Brothers' hotel is the oldest in town. They have kept 
the hotel together since 1869, though William J. was in 
the business before this date. They do a large business, 
boarding the mill men. 

Among the prominent men of Milford is Mr. Arthur 
Lamb, who is the son of William Lamb, of Sheffield. 
William Lamb married Miss Nancy Pollock, of Edin- 
burgh. They had five children, viz: William, .Arthur, 
James, John, and Thomas, all of whom are now deceased 
except Arthur, who was born in 1813, and came to this 
country in 1835. He married Hannah Cookson, daugh- 
ter of Joseph Cookson, of Greenfield, Maine. They 
have had ten children, nine of whom are still living: Wil- 
liam L., of this town; James, now of Lincoln, Maine; 
Arthur, now of Greenfield, Maine; Joseph, now of 
Greenbush, Maine; Lany A., now Mrs. Missue, of 
Greenbush; Agnes J., now Mrs. J. Priest, of Milford- 
Polly, now Mrs. E. McDade, of Milford; Sarah, now 
Mrs. Levi Priest, of Canaan, Maine; and Florence, now 
of Lowell, Massachusetts. Mr. Lamb first settled in 
Milford village, where he lived eighteen years. He then 
moved to Greenbush and lived about thirteen years, then 
moved to his present farm in North Milford. Mr. Lamb 



has served as Assessor, Overseer of the Poor, Selectman, 
etc. He is now one of the Selectmen of this town. He 
is also the mail carrier from this office to Greenfield. 

Captain Samuel Baily came here or to this county 
from Boston with his father, Samuel Baily, Sr., 
about 179S or 1799. He first settled in Bangor, or his 
father did, where he lived about ten years, and then 
moved to Milford. Samuel Baily, Sr., married Eleanor 
Bird. They had three girls and seven boys, viz: Sarah, 
Samuel, William, Amos, Poll)', Thomas, Jane, John, 
David and Daniel. Samuel Baily, Sr., was a drum major 
in the Revolutionary war. He was among the very first 
settlers of this town. Samuel Baily, the father of Wil- 
liam Baily, the subject of this sketch, married Catharine 
Dudley, of this town, daughter of Paul Dudley, Esq. 
They had eleven children, viz: Paul D., Charles, Nancy 
D., Lucy, Lucretia, Martha D., William, Catharine, David, 
Samuel, Paul D., (the first by that name having died). 
Mrs. Baily died March 23, 1821, and Mr. Baily married 
for his second wife Leafy (or Olivia) Cummings, by whom 
he had two children — Samuel and Caroline. Mr. Baily 
followed various pursuits during his life, being a farmer, 
trader (Indian), lumberman, etc. He died January 18, 
1832. W'illiam Baily is the third son of this family. He 
married Olivia C. Dudley, daughter of John Dudley, of 
Milford, March 26, 1838, and settled on the old home- 
stead, where he has since lived, and where all his brothers 
and sisters were born. Mr. and Mrs. Baily have had 
only one child, Carrie E., who married E. W. Conant. 
She died December 24, 1874, leaving one son — Eddie 
A. — now fourteen years old. Mr. Baily has followed the 
business of trader, lumberman, and drover. 

Among the old settlers of Milford is Mr. George F. 
Dudley, who was born here. His father's name was 
Paul Dudley, who was the son of Paul Dudley, Sr. Paul 
Dudley, Jr., came to this town in 1798 when thirteen 
years old. He married Mary Freeze of Argyle, Maine, 
daughter of Isaac Freeze. Isaac Freeze was taken pris- 
oner at Castine by the British and compelled to work in 
their fortifications, ships, etc. Paul Dudley, Sr., settled 
in the neighborhood now called Sunkhaze, being one of 
the first settlers; came on the ice. Paul Dudley, Jr., 
had eight children who grew to maturity, four boys and 
four girls, viz: Arad, Rebecca F., Charlotte I., Susan 
P., William F., George F., Eben W., and Margaret A. 
Paul Dudley, Jr., died in October, 1868. Mrs. Dudley 
died in 1856. George F. Dudley, the subject of this 
sketch, was born June 20, 1S21, being the fourth 
child born and living in town. He married in 
1849 Miss Rebecca T. Daily, daughter of Nezer 
Dailv, of Canton, Maine. They had two children, 
viz: George H., now of Milford, and Mary R. Mrs. 
Dudley died September 27, 1856. Mr. Dudley mar- 
ried for his second wife Mrs. Sarah Dudley, daughter 
of Orrington Smith, of Bucksport, and the widow of 
another person of the same name, by whom he has two 
children, viz: Fred and Charles H. Mrs. Dudley had 
one child by her first husband, also named Fred. Mr. 
Dudley has one hundred and sixty acres of land, and also 
follow-s lumbering for a business. 



PASSADUMKEAG. 



[The following interesting and valu.ible additions to the history of this town, by Mr. M. A. Austin, of Milford. were received after the former 

sketch had fjone through the press.] 



This is a well watered town, fronting as it does on so 
large a river, besides which the Passadumkeag, a stream 
of no mean proportions, flows diagonally through the 
town from the eastern to the western line. Cold Stream, 
the outlet of Cold Stream Pond, waters the northeast 
part of the township, and joins its waters with the Passa- 
dumkeag, near the centre of the town. Much of the soil 
of the town is low and flat or sandy in its character, but 
there is some good land. 'I'here is some good land front- 
ing on the Penobscot River and some very good farms, 
and there is a ridge of land running from Passadumkeag 
Stream to the south line of the town about two miles 
back of the main river, where there is some excellent 
land though a portion of it is somewhat rocky. 

This ridge is known by the name of Gould's Ridge. 
It extends into the town of Greenbush, and here are 
some very good farms and a neighborhood of thrifty, en- 
terprising farmers. Between the ridge and the Penobscot 
River is a tract of forest land, and the boggy character of 
the soil will probably cause it to remam in its natural 
state for a long time to come. 

In the eastern part of the town is a large natural 
meadow, which, being overflowed by the surplus waters of 
the Passadumkeag in the annual spring freshets, produces 
plentiful crops of wild grass. It was the great resource 
of the early settlers of this and adjoining towns, and even 
now it makes an important part of the hay crop of many 
of the farmers. 

This town was included within the six-mile strip, ex- 
tending six miles back from the eastern bank of the 
Penobscot, recognized as belonging to the Tarratines 
previous to the treaty of 1796. In that year that tribe 
of Indians ceded to the whites, by treaty with the State 
of Massachusetts, a strip of land six miles wide, beginning 
at the head of the tide on the eastern side of the Penob- 
scot and ending at the north line of what is now Passa- 
dumkeag. This tract of land was known in the early 
part of the century as the " Old Indian Purchase." A 
few vears after this it was laid off into townships, and 
these townships subdivided into lots by order of the State 
of Massachusetts. 

The exact date at which the town was settled it is impos- 
sible now to ascertain, but it was shortly before the War 
of 181 2. At the time that war commenced there were 
six families in town, James Comings and his son Ben- 
jamin Comings, Elisha Tourtelotte, Joshua .Avers, Enoch 
Ayers, and Elisha P. Evans. 

These settlers came to No. i, as the town was then 



called, at nearly the same time, the Comingses and 
Ayerses preceding Tt)urtelotte and Evans by a year or 
two. Mr. James Comings came from Meredith, Massa- 
chusetts. He was a man of thrift and energy, and 
possessed a large share of the accumulative faculty for 
which the sons of Massachusetts have always been noted. 
His wife was a lady by the name of Ingalls, and was a 
sister to Colonel Ingalls, one of the early settlers' of Mil- 
ford. He settled on a lot of land fronting on the Pen- 
obscot River about two miles above the south line of the 
town. He applied all his energies to the improvement 
of the land he occupied and soon had a good farm. He 
set out the first fruit trees in the town and soon had a 
good orchard for that time and locality. He built a large 
house and buildings fronting the river, and used to pro- 
vide food and lodging to such travelers as called for it. 
Rivers have always been the highways of pioneers and 
the location of Mr. Comings was just right to accommo- 
date the primitive travel of the Penobscot. 

The other settlers occupied lots on the river and 
began to carve out homes for themselves in the wilder- 
ness. 

In 1815 Reuben Tourtelotte came into the town and 
settled on the main river, a short distance below the 
mouth of the Passadumkeag. 

In 1816 Thomas Knowlen moved mto the town. He 
was a hunter, and was very skillful in his avocation. 

Joshua Hathaway came here in the year 1820. He 
settled oil the point formed by the confluence of the 
Passadumkeag with the Penobscot. 

This-- was considered a very pleasant and valuable loca- 
tion, and it is the site of the village of Passadumkeag. 

'Squire Hathaway, as he was called, was a gentleman 
of the old school. He had an excellent education, was a 
pleasant and genial companion, and was posi^essed of 
inore than average abilities. 

The first road in the town followed the river closely. 
It was cut through the township in 1816. It was rough 
and rugged in its character, being the primitive style of 
highway, but it supplied all the needs of that early period. 

The first trader in town was Ezra Richardson, who 
commenced business in a small way. The store he oc- 
cupied was a log one, but it was suited to the needs of 
that rude period. Shortly after the formation of the 
State of Maine in 1S20, an appropriation was made by 
the Legislature to imjjrove the road running near the 
Penobscot. It was laid out in what are now the towns 
of Greenbush, Passadumkeag, Enfic-lil, and Lincoln. 



912 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



f 

J. 



This was a great help to the country on the Upper Pe- 
nobscot, and the building by the General Government of 
the Military Road, as it was called, from Lincoln to Houl- 
ton, to accommodate the garrison maintained at that 
place, was a great convenience and a great help to the 
opening up of the country. 

In the fall of 1825 Thomas Knovvlen, before men- 
tioned, went to the Aroostook country on one of his 
hunting expeditions. He was accompanied by one com- 
|ianion, and they had e.xcellent luck, securing a large lot 
of valuable furs. Knowlen never returned, but his body 
was afterwards found in the stream near which he had 
encamped. His companion came back and stated that 
Knowlen was killed by the Indians, but he was not gen- 
erally believed, and it was commonly supposed that he 
had a hand in the matter himself 

About 1826 'Squire Hathaway sold out on the Point 
and moved up the Passadumkeag to the mouth of Cold 
Stream. Mr. Hathaway was the first mail-carrier in this 
section of the country, and many were the delicate and 
important commissions with which he was entrusted. 
The route was between Passadumkeag and Bangor, and 
he was a faithful and conscientious public servant. 

The first tavern was built by James Sanders, Jr., in 
1820, and shortly afterwards Tristram F. Jordan built a 
second one. Sanders's was on the north side of Passa- 
dumkeag Stream, and Jordan's on the south side, and 
both did a good business. All the supplies for the garri- 
son at Houlton were hauled by teams by here, besides the 
business of all the up-river country. In addition to the 
hotel business Messrs. Sanders and Jordan went into 
trade, and Passadumkeag Point, as it was called, became 
the centre of quite an extent of country. 

Before 1830 Parson Lawton began to labor in this 
place, and it ever afterwards remained his home. He was 
a Congregationalist, and through his efforts a flourishing 
church was established. 

About 1830 Dr. Murch settled in the place and re- 
mained here a long time. He was the first physician, 
and built up quite a practice. 

Gould's Ridge was first settled by 1822. It was named 
for Zebediah Gould, who settled on the Greenbush end 
and built a tunber house there, near the bank of Olamon 
Stream. 

Shortly after this Joseph S[)iller and Nicholas Oilman 
moved onto the Ridge, felled trees and built houses. 
There was no road there at this time, and the first settlers 
followed the path which the Ayerses, the first settlers of 
Argyle, had made in order to reach Passadumkeag 
meadow. 

Before this time it was the custom of the families set- 
tled in the upper part of Argyle, to cut hay on t.he 
meadow and stack it at the junction of Cold Stream 
with the Passadumkeag. Here they built log barns to 
which they drove their cattle and kept them for the 
winter. It looks like a shiftless proceeding now, but we 
know not the difficulties which surrounded the early 
settlers. 

The hotels and stores at the "Point" made that the 
commercial centre of the township, and about them grew 



up quite a smart little village. It is a pleasant and salu- 
brious location, but the lack of water-power has retarded 
its growth, and it is not probable that it will ever become 
so large a place as its projectors believed. 

The town was never a plantation, but in 1S34 the in- 
habitants had become quite numerous and some organ- 
ized form of government was necessary. They accord- 
ingly petitioned the Legislature to be incorporated into a 
town by the name of Passadumkeag. The Legislature 
promptly responded, and in January, ^835, passed a bill 
corporating the town of Passadumkeag. A meeting was 
called in March of that year, and the act of incorpora- 
tion accepted. The first officers were Tristram F. Jor- 
dan, Clerk; Tristram F. Jordan, Samuel Dam, .Amos 
Dennis, Selectmen; Aaron Haynes, Treasurer and Col- 
lector; William T. Baker, Joshua Norton, Jr., John S. 
Patten, School Committee; Joshua T. Haynes, Consta- 
ble. The old name by which the village at the Point 
had always been known was retained for the whole town. 
It is an Indian name, and signifies "quick water.'' It is 
not exactly applicable to the lower part of the stream of 
that name, and iit is probably derived from the rips on 
the Penobscot between Passadumkeag and Edinburg. 

About this time another tavern was erected by Isaac 
Haynes in the upper part of the town on the river road. 
At th.it time steamboats and railroads had not been in- 
troduced, and all the business was done by horse teams, 
a great nurnber of which were employed in hauling the 
supplies required by the heavy lumbering operations car- 
ried on in the forest country above. Hotels were numer- 
ous in those days. In country places they were generally 
not more than four miles apart, and in every |3lace where 
any business was done two or more were generally estab- 
lished. Passadumkeag was then the most important 
place on the river between Milford and Lincoln, and be- 
ing half-way between those it was supposed that it was 
the natural centre of a large extent of country. But the 
want of water-power has been severely felt, and the vil- 
lage has not kept pace with the expectations of its found- 
ers. 

The first member of the legal fraternity was a man by 
the name of Randall. He remained here many years, 
but finally removed to Lincoln. Another lawyer attract- 
ed to the young and as was supposed promising village 
was James B. Cleveland, a son of the celebrated Professor 
Cleveland, of Bowdoin College. James B. graduated at 
that institution, studied law, and settled in Passadum- 
keag. He was a man of fine talent, of genial and kindly 
disposition, and had many warm friends. He was great- 
ly interested in politics, and was elected Representative to 
the Legislature in 1850. Shortly after this he went home 
to Brunswick, and died soon after. 

A few years after the incorporation of the town two 
brothers by the name of Bassett built a tannery on the 
banks of the Penobscot a short distance above the 
bridge across, the Passadumkeag. It was operated only 
a few years, not proving remunerative. About 1840 a 
blacksmith by the name of Daniel Peavey moved into 
the town and occupied a little shop on the south side of 
the bridge. He was possessed of wonderful mechanical 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



913 



talent, and patented many valuable inventions, among 
them the Peavey cant dog, now in general use all over 
the country, a hay press and stump-puller that came to 
be commonly used. But his mechanical talent was bet- 
ter than his business talent, and he never gained wealth 
by his ingenuity. He was the father of a numerous fam- 
ily, among which were four pairs of twins. 

The hotels at the Point always did a large business, 
the stage-line from Oldtown to Mattawamkeag making 
this a half-way station at which the passengers dined. 
The establishment of the steamboat line on the upper 
Penobscot did not hurt their business, as the passengers 
still had an opportunity to dine here. 

James Thompson kept the hotel on the south side of 
the stream in 1845. He only occupied it a short time. 
On the outbreak of the Mexican war he raised a com- 
pany for the New England Regiment, of which he was 
commissioned captain. He took part in all the battles 
of his regiment, the famous "Bloody Ninth," particularly 
distinguishing himself at the l)attle of Molino-del-Rey. 
He survived the dangers of the battlefield, but was car- 
ried off by a fever shortly after the occupation of the 
Me.xican capital. 

The census of 1850 did not show so large a population 
as in 1S40, but this was accounted for by the fact that 
a third part of the town had been set off to the town of 
Lowell. The |)art set off contained a third part of the 
population and wealth. The town at this time was fairly 
prosperous, and gained in population faster than the State 
taken as a whole. 

After 1850 it was proposed to navigate the Passadum- 
keag by steam, and a charter was taken out by Peavey 
and others, but nothing came of it; the charter was after 
wards renewed, but no steamboat was ever built, and it 
was probably an impracticable project. 

The census of i860 showed a population of 360, an 
increase of 155 during the decade. By this census the 
valuation was $26,011. 'The number of polls 77. 

The commencement of the war at this time seemed 
to retard the progress of the town, and the village 
seemed duller than in the earlier days, but the fall- 
ing off in population that occurred during the decade 
was probably occasioned by the withdrawal of the young 
men and young women from the farms to the larger 
cities and manufacturing centres of the country. This, 
and the large emigration to the West, caused a general 
falling off in the number of inhabitants of the farming 
towns in all parts of the State. 

The town contributed its share to the armies of the 
country, and was represented in most of the regiments 
that were raised in the eastern part of the State. Town 
meetings were held to encourage volunteering, and 
money was voted to aid and jirovide for the families of 
volunteers, and a large debt was incurred in the efforts 
to provide volunteers to fill the quotas assigned to the 
town under the different calls, but the effort was too 
much for so small and poor a town, and a draft was 
obliged to be resorted to; but the town furnished its 
men, and has reason to be proud of its military record. 



Many of the brave men sent on to the front perished on 
the battlefield; others endured the horrors of the prison 
pen and came home to remember how they struggled 
with disease and death. 

About 1864 a company was organized to raft the togs 
cut on the Passadumkeag and its tributaries, and a boom 
was established on that stream, just above the village. 
Previous to this every operator rafted his logs separately, 
or drove them in the Penobscot boom at Argyle. The 
new boom was a great convenience to the lumbermen of 
that vicinity, besides addmg to the business of the town. 

The lack of water power had been severely felt and 
no mill had ever been built. This was a feature peculiar 
to this town, as saw-mills are the first thing thought of 
in a country like the Penobscot, where almost the sole 
business is lumber, but in 1862 Hiram Peavey built a 
mill and commenced sawing lumber. The power was 
steam, and had it been favorably located it would have 
been a good investment, but it was too far from market, 
and the local business was insutificient to support it. It 
was shortly afterwards burned, but Mr. Peavey was a 
man not easily daunted, and he at once rebuilt it. He 
commenced operations again but failed to make money. 
It cost too much to get lumber to Bangor. He after- 
wards disposed of it to Winterjiort parties, but it never 
did a paying business until the railroad reached the town. 

In the summer of 1869 the European & North 
.American Railway commenced running to this place. 
For a time this was a terminus of that road, and steamers 
ran from here to the head of navigation. But this was 
for a short time only, and when the railroad was com- 
pleted by the town to points above, the steamboat line 
was discontinued. But the railway was a benefit to the 
town and the steam mill was put in connection with it 
and commenced to do a profitable business. It was in 
operation a year or two and was again destroyed by fire. 
It has since been rebuilt by the Messrs. Plummer, who 
have since continued to operate it. It contains a cir- 
cular saw-mill for cutting long lumber, a shingle-machine 
for cutting shingles and heading, and a stave machine. 
It has lately been doing a profitable business. It has 
been the means of adding to the wealth and po|)ulation 
of the village, and now, when the business outlook is so 
favorable all over the country, it will jirobably be more 
constantly employed and add still more to the population 
of this pleasant little village. The war left the town 
largely in debt, but since that time it has been largely 
diminished and the town is now ])ractically out of debt. 
During the last ten years the town has increased some- 
what in population, several houses have 'been built and 
the town presents a decidedly better appearance that it 
did in 1870. It is now about sixty years since the first 
commencement was made at the village by 'Squire Hatha- 
way, and although it has not become so important a place 
as the early settlers expected, it has become a pleasant 
and prosperous village that would contrast strongly with 
the long, low log house of the honest old pioneer who 
first took up his residence at the confluence of Passa- 
dumkeag with the Penobscot. 



ADDENDA. 



[Chapter XVI. — The following additions have been 
received from Judge Godfrey at the eleventh hour]: 

Peregrine G. White is a son of Chandler White, born 
in Dixniont, Maine. His early education was academ- 
ical. He was admitted to the Bar of Penobscot county, 
October, 1868; he has applied himself closely to his pro- 
fession in Bangor, and is taking a fine position at the 
Bar. The indications are that he will have good stand- 
ing as an advocate in the not distant future. On the 
occasion of the presentation of the Bar resolutions rel- 
ative to William T. Hilliard, Esq., recently deceased, his 
address to the Court produced a marked impression by 
both its manner and matter. After referring to their 
acquaintance, which dated from his admission to the 
Bar; to their intimacy for seven or eight years past, 
which grew out of the fact that they were upon the same 
flat and their offices were opposite each other, so that 
they were accustomed to meet, and perhaps visit each 
other's rooms almost daily; to his kindly, generous, frank, 
and youthful qualities, which he manifested in such a 
manner "that one could scarcely realize that he was not 
a young but nn old man," he proceeds: 

He was intelligent and appreciative on almost any subject. He was 
a great reader of Isooks — desultory and miscellaneous, it may be, but 
wide in range and variety, covering both light and solid literature. Few 
men, who do not make a study and profession of letters, are possessed 
of so thorough and intimate an acquaintance with English history and 
literature. . . . He was also a great admirer of our own 
historians, Ir\ing, I'rescott, Bancroft, Motley, and I'arkman. 1 do 
not mean by the mention of these authors to indicate even an outline of 
his reading on these subjects, but merely to show that his taste was 
rather for historical than other literature, although he had read pretty 
much everything in fiction, English, French, and American. 

By nature he was mild, gentle, and affable. As a neighbor he was 
generous, considerate, and obliging; as a friend, self-sacrificing, thought- 
ful, and full of the warmest sympathy. Constitutionally he was sens- 
ible, entertaining, and entirely free from arrogance or deceit. 
He has penetrated the vail and mystery which divide the living from 
the dead — the life we are living from the life we are to live. The prob- 
lem he so often expressed a desire to solve, he has at last succeeded in 
solving. 

The above extracts give an idea of Mr. White's man- 
ner, as well as his idea of his friend's character, an idea 
which was explamed by Judge Peters and C. T. Apple- 
ton, who both bore testimony to the kindly, genial nature 
of Mr. Hilliard, as well as to his good qualities as a law- 
yer and a citizen. 

Charles P. Brown was born in Newburg, Maine. He 
read law with Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, then with Hon. 
Judge Hathaway. Was admitted to the Penobscot Bar 
January 7, 1840. Has been engaged in many important 
cases, in which he has shown what may be done by a 
man with brains. Has given much attention to the pro- 
curing of land warrants and pensions, and has been a 
successful practitioner. Rumor credits him with a large 
fortune — with being one of the few members of the pro- 

9'4 



fession here favored by the god Plutus. Has been some- 
what engaged in politics. Has been in the municipal 
government, and has represented the city several tiines 
in the Legislature, and interested himself largely in keep- 
ing down taxation. 

[Ch.m'ter XVH.] — We have also from Mr. Duren, 
the following addition to the bibliographical notice of 
Mrs. Laura Jane (Curtis) Bullard: 

Schoolmates of No. 40; Philadelphia .... Ed- 
itor of The Revolution one yeai', June, 1870, to 
June, 1 87 1. Previous to that, she edited: The 
Ladies Visitor and Drawing- Room Companion, a 
monthly publication, July, 1855, to November, i86o, 
in which were published articles written by her, — 
among them: The Overseer's Daughter, a tale of the 
South, July, 1855; Frederick Murry, the Man who 
Couldn't Marry a Homely Woman, August; The Love 
Letter, September; Parson Dole's View, October; Bea- 
trice, November; Cousin Ben., December; Herbert 
Martyn's Mistake, January, 1856; Air-Castles and Reali- 
ties, February; Our Music Teacher, March; Mrs. Mor- 
timer's Daughter, June; The White Sun-Bonnet, July; 
My Fit of the Sulks, and What Followed of It, August ; 
My Great American Novel, September; My Husband's 
Mother, October; A Simple Story, November; Ada 
Vincent's First Love, December; Miriam in the Desert, 
an Arabian tale, translated from the German, January, 
1857; Jehiel's Lessons, February; The Teller's Wife, 
March ; The Spirit Warning, April; The Quaker's Plot, 
or How One Match was Made, May and June; Nathalie 
Maitland's Experience, July; The Planter's Inventory, 
from the French of Emila Souvostre, August; The New 
Boarder, September; June Worcester, October; Georgia's 
lournal, November; Aunt Ruth's Proverbs Illustrated, 
December; Mathilde, January, 1858; Before and After 
Marriage, February; John Salisbury's Household, 
March; The Step-Mother, April; Lucy Arundel, an Old 
Maid's Story, July; Fannie's Lovers, August; The Second 
Wife, a Confession, September; Rainbow, January, 1859; 
The Violets of Parma, translated from the French, 
March and April; The Poverty-cure, June; The 
Cousin's Wager, July; (the following after her marriage) 
Overseer's Daughter, a tale of the South, January, i860 ; 
The Devoted House, April ; Hugh Forester's Revenge, 
July. 

ANN.iLS OF KANGOR. 

[1801.] The valuation of the town of Bangor, accord- 
ing to an old official record in the collection of the Ban- 
gor Historical Society, was as follows : 

Polls, 45; 19 dwellings at 15s; 4 shops at los; 4 tanneries, 30s: 9 
barns, los; 6 grist-mills, 70s; tillage, 109 acres, at 6s; upland mowing- 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



915 



land. Ill .-icres, 8s and 6d; meadow, 115 acres; pasture, 33 acres, 2S 
and 6d; woodland, 2,515 acres, los; unimprovable, 186 acres; horses, 
3; oxen, 53; cows, 63; swine, 42; plate, 40 oz. ; tonnage of vessels, 214. 

Npthing is reported of cash or stock in trade, both 
of which are prominent items in the returns of Hampden 
for the year. 

[1879-81.] The following is the official statement of 
the amount of lumber surveyed up to October i, i88i, 
compared with the amount suiveyed in the same period 
of 1879 and 1880: 1879, 92.541,767; 1880, 87,500,- 
195; 1881, 111,814,920. 

Statement of the amount of lumber surveyed from 
July 1, to October i, t88i, compared with the amount 
surveyed in the same period of 1879 'ind 1880 ; 

1879. 1880. i88i. 

Green Pine 4,324,279 3,247,936 8,921,326 

Dry Pine 3,079,469 3,089,923 4,143,467 

Hemlock, etc 4,240,419 6,124,157 5,267,801 

Spri'ce 40,271,774 34,685,987 47.501.703 

51,915,941 47,148,003 65,834,297 
DEXTER. 
[The following should appear among the Dexter Settlement Notes.] 

The first representative of the Bridge family to settle 
in this county was Levi Bridge, who came here from New 
Hampshire in 1806. His father was a revolutionary 
soldier under Washmgton. Mr. Bridge remained there 
but a short time, until i8io,w^hen he sold out but returned 
again in 1826. He married Sarah Bridges, who was born 
in 1792 and died in 1840. Mr. Bridge was born June 
4, 1784, and died in Dexter in 1875. He was a farmer 
and never engaged in public affairs. Mr. and Mrs. Bridge 
had seven children: Levi, born in November, 1814, died 
in 1845; Sarah, born in December, 1816, died in 1844; 
Mary, born in September, 1820, now lives in Littleton, 
Massachusetts; Joseph, born in February, 1823, lives in 
Dexter; Lafayette, born November, 1824; Susan, born in 
July, 1827, diedin 1828; Samuel, born in December, 1830, 
died in 1833; Abby, born in December, 1836, lives in 
Lyndesborough, New Hampshire. Lafayette Bridge, sub- 
ject of this sketch, married Lucretia Austin, born in July, 
1S30. They have no children. Mr. Bridge and his 
brother, Joseph, now live on the farm where their father 
lived in Dexter. 

[Ann.\lsof B.\Ni;oR, Chapter XXXVH. — \\e take es- 
pecial pleasure, even as the pages of this history are about 
to close, in adding to the biography of Captain Boutelle, 
of the Whig and Courier, the following fuller account of 
his public life, kindly prepared for this work by a fri(;nd in 
Bangor. The story begins with his enlistment in the 
navy, and appointment as Acting Master, April 8, 1862.] 

.After a brief period at the school of instruction at the Ciiarlestow n 
Navy Yard, he was ordered to report to Rear .Admiral S. F. Dupont, 
commanding the Soutli Atlantic Blockading Sciuadron, and was by 
liini assigned to duty on board the United States steamer Paul Jones, 
a side-wheel, doublc-ender, armed with a heavy l)attery. On this vessel 
Mr. Boutelle participated in the blockade of Charleston. .South Ciiro- 
lina, in the disastrous Pocatahgo ICxpedition, in several engagements 
with rebel batteries on Morris Island and an exchange of rifled compli- 
ments with the rebel iron-clad Chicora across Charleston Bar. .Also in 
the combined naval and military- operations against the ten-gun battery 
on St. John Bluff, near the mouth of the .St. John River, Florida, at 
the capture of which he commanded a battery of navy howitzers 
landed and served by United States marines. .At the subse(iuent occu- 
pation of Jacksonville he also landed with the howitzer battery to check 



the offensive demonstrations of the enemy. The Paul Jones was actively 
engaged in expeditions and blockading all along the South Carolina 
and Georgia coast and the Atlantic co.ist of Florida. In the fall of 
1863 Mr. Houtelle was ordered to the United States steamer Sassacus, 
one of the new double-cnders then titling out at Boston. On this fine 
vessel he was Navigator and Ordnance Oft'icer, and during her first week 
of service on the off-shore blockade near Wilmington, North Carolina, 
two valuable blockade runners were chased ashore, and destroyed by a 
boarding crew from the Sassacus under .Acting .Master Houtelle. In 
the spring of 1864 his vessel was ordered to .Albemarle .Sound, North 
Carolina, where the rebel ram .Albemarle, similar to the Meirimac, had 
created havoc with our little fleet. May 5, 1864, a desperate eng.age- 
ment took place in the sound between the iron-cl.ad .Albemarle and two 
steam consorts and the Union wooden fleet led by the double-enders 
Matl.abessett, Sass.icus, and Wyalusing. In this fight the Sass.acus 
sought to sink the .Albemarle by ramming her at full speed, and very 
nearly sent her to the bottom. For some twelve or fifteen minutes the 
two vessels were engage<l in a death grapple, when a hundred pound 
solid rifle shot from the iron-clad crashed through the boiler of the Sas- 
sacus, killing and fearfully scalding a number of the latters crew, and 
temporarily disabling her, but not until a solid shot from the one hun- 
dred-poimder Parrott gun of the Sassacus hatl entered the .Albemarle's 
port and inflicted very serious damage. The rebel iron-clad rapidly 
retreated to Plymouth River and remained there moored under the 
guns of a land battery until blown up by Lieutenant-Commander 
Cushing, of the navy, with his torpedo launch some months later. In 
the early part of the action the rebel steamer Bombshell surrendered 
to the Sassacus. In his report of this engagement Lieutenant-Com- 
mander F. A. Roe, of the Sassacus, said : 

" 1 take great pleasure in testifying to the fine conduct of .Acting 
Masters A. W. Muldaur and C. A. Boutelle. These officers were as 
cool and fearless as if at a general exercise. I respectfully recommend 
each for promotion to the grade of lieutenant, deserved for good be- 
havior and ability before the enemy in battle." 

Under date of May 24 following, Secretary \\'eiles promptly be- 
stowed upon Mr. Boutelle a commission declaring: 

" In consideration of your gallant conduct in the action with the 
rebel ram .Albemarle, on the 5th inst., the Department hereby promotes 
you to the grade of .Acting Volunteer Lieutenant in the Navy of the 
United -States"." 

This was the highest rank then attainable by any volunteer officer 
of the Navy, and there were but few instances of its being conferred in 
so complimentary a manner. Lieutenant Boutelle, after serving tem- 
porarily as Executive Officer of the United Slates steamer Euiaw on 
the James River, and convoying the ill-fated monitor Tecumseh from 
Norfolk to Pensacola, was ordered in the autumn of 1864 to command 
of the light-draught gunboat Nyanza, stationed at Berwick's Bay, 
Louisiana. In the winter of 1864-65 he succeeded in obtaining the trans- 
fer of his vessel to participate in the operations against Mobile, Ala- 
bama. He volunteered his vessel to pilot the proposed iron-clad as- 
sault, and his was the first naval vessel that passed through the obslruc 
lions to that city. He was immediately dispatched by Admiral 
Thatcher to follow the retreating rebel fleet up the Tombigbee River, 
and captured a boat's crew from .Admiral Buchanan's flag-ship Nash- 
ville, and a rebel commissary steamer laden with cotton. .A few days 
later he made a trip of nearly five hundred miles up the .Alabama River, 
through the heart of the rebel country, bearing dispatches to our army 
commanders at Selma and Monlgomery. terminating the Sherman- 
Johnston armistice, and ordering renewal of hostilities. Lieutenant 
Boutelle, with his vessel, participated at the surrender of the rebel naval 
fleet at Nannahubba Bluff by Confederate Commodore Eben Far- 
rand, May 10. 1865, and was afterwards ordered to the command of the 
naval forces in Mississippi Sound, the district extending from New Or- 
leans fill Lake Ponchartrain to Mobile Hay, with head<|uarters station 
at Pascagoula. This closed his active service, and :it his own request 
Lieutenant Boutelle was honorably discharged from the United States 
Navy January 14, 1866. 

During his naval service he received the highest encomiums of all his 
superior oft'icers in their ofhcial reports now on file in the Navy Depart- 
ment. Captain (now retired Rear .Admiral) Steednian writes the Secre- 
tary that Mr. Boutelle *' performed his duties in a manner to merit my 
approbation." Commander (now Commodore) .A. C. Rhind, the 
heroic commander of the Keokuk in the famous assault on Sumter, 
states officially lo the Dep.artment: " I reg.arded him (Mr. Boutelle) as 
one of the best of the volunteer aiipointnients; officer-like in his bear- 
ing, intelligent, and exhibiting an interest in his professional improve- 
ment, gunnery and small arms, unusual in one not bred to the service." 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



Lieutenant Commander {now Commodore) Francis A. Roe. in numer- 
ous letters, expresses his high opinion of and friendship for Mr. Bou- 
telle. In a letter dated July 7, 1865. to the Bureau of Navigation at 
the Navy Department, in reply to a request for his recommendation of 
an officer for special appointment, he writes ; 

" I respectfully recommend Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Charles 
A. Boutelle to the favorable notice of the Bureau. Mr. Boutelle served 
witli me during my whole cruise of the Sassacus, as Navigator of the 
^h'\\). I found him ambitious, talented, full of naval t's/>r/f dit corps, 
and fully alive to the importance of our regular naval etiquette. He is 
brave to a fault; he is intelligent and possesses the adornments of a culti- 
vated gentleman. I know of no others from the volunteers I could 
recommend." 

Rear Admiral Henry K. Thatcher (since deceased), in May, 186^. as 
commander of the West Gulf Squadron, wrote the Secretary of the 
Navy: "Acting Volunteer Lieutenant C. A. Boutelle is an excellent 
officer. Keeps his ship in excellent order, and I consider him worthy 
of promotion," to the grade of Lieutenant Commander. In March, 
187B, the same gallant Admiral, in a lettervto George A. Thatcher, 
Esq., of Bangor, commended his former officer to the acquaintance 
and friendship of his kinsman, and said: 

"My first personal knowledge of Captain Boutelle was at the mo- 
ment when we were preparing to attack the defences of the city of 
Mobile, when I made a personal inspection of all the ships that were to 
be used on that occasion: and the splendid order and fine disci- 
pline of Captain Boutelle's vessel is fresh in my remembrance, as well 
as the gallant and unremitting performance of all his duties as a com- 
mander, which followed. The patriotism and devotion to duty which 
he ever displayed whilst the war continued convinced me that he would 
prove an ornament to our service should he determine to remain in the 
navy." 

After leaving the navy Captain Boutelle fitted out and commanded a 
passenger steamer on the route between New York and Wilmington, 
North Carolina. 

On the i6th of May, 1866, he married Miss Lizzie Hodsdon, the 
youngest daughter of Aajutant-General John L. Hodsdon, at Augusta, 
Maine, and soon after engaged with the well-known house of Walsh 
& Carver in the shipping commission business in New York City. 

Having from early boyhood a strong inchnation towards journalism, 
he had contributed more or less of correspondence and controversial 
articles to political journals, and in the spring of 1870 determined to 
try his capacity for newspaper work. After consultmg a distinguished 
ex-edit *r whose opinion he highly valued, and who encouraged him by 
advice to strike out boldly, Captain Boutelle accepted the position of 
managing editor of the Bangor Whig and Courier, which had been 
tendered him by John H. Lynde, Esq., the proprietor, and he came to 
Bangor for three months' trial, subject to termination by either party at 
any time. Mr. Lynde and the local editor being called away, the new 
managing editor, who had never before had any experience in a news- 
paper office, was obliged to get out his first issue of the daily, May i, 
1870, without any assistance, preparing the entire editorial, telegraphic, 
local, and miscellaneous matter, and reading all the proofs. His labors 
at this time in mastering the unfamiliar details and carrying on the ed- 
itorial work were very severe, but he applied himself almost literally 
night and day, and within a few weeks inaugurated improvements in 
the classification of matter and general make-up of the paper. Edito- 
rially the Whig at once assumed that prompt and positive character 
that has since distinguished it, while maintaining all its former reputa- 
tion for elevated moral tone and thorough reliability. The temporary 
relations were soon succeeded by a permanent engagement at a very 
liberal salary, and Captain Boutelle continued the management of the 
paper to the entire satisfaction of Mr. Lynde until the death of that 
enterprising and energetic publisher, which occurred at Savannah, 
Georgia. February 16, r874, while he was on his way to Florida in the 
hope of restoring the health that had been tindermined by years of un- 
remitting labor. P'rom the first week of Captain Boutelle's engage- 
ment to the day of Mr, Lyndc's death, the relations of the publisher 
and editor had been of the most cordial and confidential character, 
without even a momentary shadow upon the warmth of their mutual 
friendship. 

On the 15th of May. 1874, the Whig and Courier establishment, in- 
cluding the daily and weekly papers, was purchased by Captain Bou- 
telle and Mr. Benjamin A. Burr, the former acquiring a controlling in- 
terest of five-eighths and assuming entire editorial charge of the paper, 
while the latter, who had been for a lifetime in the printing business 
and for twenty-two years one of the proprietors of the Bangor Jefi'er- 
sonian (a weekly paper purchased by Mr. Lynde in 1870 and merged in 



the Whig and Courier), assumed the duties of publisher and business 
manager. With the sense of ownership Captain Boutelle became even 
more vigorous and outspoken upon all public questions, and under his 
control the Whig has held a leading position among the influential 
Republican journals of the State. 

In 1877 it acquired a national recognition as a logical, earnest, and 
unyielding opponent of what was known as the Southern Conciliation 
Policy of I'resident Hayes, by which it claimed that the legally chosen 
Republican State governments of South Carolina and Louisiana were 
overthrown; and on the floor of the Maine Repul)lican Slate Conven- 
tion of that year Captain Fioutelle made an earnest and successful con- 
test against an endorsement of that policy advocated by Ex-Governors 
Chamberlain, Morrill and others. The Whig has never wavered in 
maintaining that the piimary and paramount duty of the National 
Government is the full and eq lal protection of every citizen, regardless 
of race, color, locality or creed, in the enjoyment of all the rights 
guaranteed by the Constitution and the laws; and it hasgood-naturedly 
welcomed back to the old platform many of its contemporaries who, it 
9«ys, were temporarily beguiled by the syren song of compromise. 

In the famous contest with and triumph over the "counting-out" of 
the Republican majority of the Slate Legislature by Governor Garcelon 
and his Council in the winter of 1879—80, Captain lioutelle achieved 
special distinction as the first to give warning of the designs of the 
Fusion Executive Department, by persistently arousing public at- 
tention thereto notwithstanding the incredulity of the people and al- 
most every other leader of his own jiarty. The result was a remarkable 
vindication of his sagacity; and the final establishment of the Constitu- 
tional Government on the Ijasis of the three great deliverances of die 
Supreme Court of Maine, was universally conceded to have been 
largely due to his vigilance, energy, and unyielding determination. 
The prestige of his public services in this connection added fresh im- 
petus to a popular movement in his behalf in the Fourth Congressional 
District, which culminated in his unanimous nomination as the Repub- 
lican candidate for Representative in Congress, on the first ballot, in the 
District Convention held at Bangor June 24, 1880, comprising an ex- 
ceptionally large number of the most eminent and influential members 
of the party. Such a nomination by unanimous vote at a first candi- 
dacy was a remarkable if not unprecedented compliment in the history 
of the Congressional Conventions of the State, as was also the hearty 
expression of approval from distinguished public men and leading 
newspapers of his party in all sections of the Union. 

Captain Boutelle at once commenced a most vigorous personal can- 
vass of the District, his competitor being Hon. Geo. W. Ladd, Demo- 
cratic Fusionist of Bangor, who was elected Representative in 1878 by 
12,921 votes against 10,095 ^^^ Hon. Llewellyn Powers, Republican in- 
cumbent. Placing theeditorial management of the Whig temporarily in 
the hands of Howard Owen. Esq., formerly of the Kennebec Journal, 
Captain Boutelle made over fifty public addresses, traversing the entire 
district, which comprises more than a third of the area of the State, 
and meeting everywhere most enthusiastic receptions. The campaign 
is conceded to have been one of the most dashing and brilliant in Maine 
politics, and though Captain Boutelle lacked 855 votes of being elected, 
he received 13,192 against 14,047 for his competitor, thus gaining 3,097 
over the Republican vote of 1878, and overcoming nearly two thousand 
of the previous adverse majority of 2,826. In view of the concentra- 
tion of opposition effort in this district, which had already been wrested 
from the Repul:»licans, the result was considered highly creditable to 
Captain Boutelle's candidacy, and after the outcome was substantially 
known on election evening, he was given a splendid ovation by his Re- 
publican fellow-citizens of Bangor in Norombega HaU. 

Devoting but a few days to closing up the business of his Maine 
canvass Captain Boutelle promptly responded to the summons of the 
Ohio Republican State Executive Committee to take part in that State 
in the great October battle. He reached Cleveland September 28, and 
having been chosen as the member from Maine on the National Re- 
publican Club Committee, accompanied a deputation of that body to 
Mentor on that day, where they had a very cordial conference with 
General Garfield at his home. On the 29th Captain Boutelle spoke in 
behalf of Garfield and Arthur in Cincinnati, and continued on the Ohio 
stump until the decisively triumphant election of October 12. At Eaton 
and Greenville he spoke with Governor Foster, and at Shelby with ex- 
Governor Dennison. On the 7th of October, by special invitation of 
General J. Warren Keifer, now Speaker of the House of Representa- 
tives, Captain Boutelle was assigned and spoke with Colonel Robert G. 
Ingersoll to an immense gathering counted by tens of thousands, on the 
county fair grounds at Springfield. He closed on the evening before 
the election by addressing a great mass-meeting of Muskingum county 



7// 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



917 



Rfpublicanb ;it /.anesvillr. After a flying irip liome Captain Hoiilellu 
look the held aj^aiii in New Vurk at llv; urgent invitation of CJcncral 
Arthur, the Republican c.indidate for Vice President, and devuted a 
week to speaking at important point's in that State. Captain Boutelle's 
abiUly.and effectiveness as a speakei were very highly coniphmenled in 
Ohio and New York, and the flattering recognition given him abroad 
was very gralif>ing to his friends in Maine. He kept in harness until 
the National Re|)ubli(an victory was achieved, and the satisfaction of 
having conlribnted to that nitjrc than comprnsatcd for his own failure to 
be elected. 

On his return home he fell in e.xcelleni health, but so soon as the ex- 
citement of the campaign had subsided the intense strain of four 
months' constant labor on the stump, riding frci|uently nearly all night 
and S])eaking twice and even three times a day, began to show its effects 
in serious nervouspiosiraliun, accompanied by an exhausting carbuncle, 
that left him ([uite reduced. At this time his mother was seriously sick 
with erysipelas, and he was attacked by the si^ine malady. His mother 
died -April 4, i88r, while hi* was so sick that he was unable to see lier, 
although they were in .utjoining chambers. He passed the erisissafely, 
and late in April was able to ride out. Kroni that lime his recovery 
was rapid and thorougii, a sound constitution proving able to repair 
even the efiects of the immense overwork that had threatened it. In 
June, by ;he kindness of President Garfield, at the suggestion of Secre- 
tary lilaine, Captain lioutelle was appointeil a memlier of the Itoard of 
Visitors to the Military .Academy at West Point, anil the trip and so- 
journ uj) the Hudson, fojlowi-d by a pleasant visit to Cliicago as a 
guest of the Society of the Sons of Maine, proved very beneficial to his 
convalescence. .\ judicious relaxing of the usu:d amount of editorial 
labor during tlie summer and fall of 1881 has enabled him to regain 
lieallh and strength, and the winter fount! him stouter than he had ever 
been before, and ready for yeoman's service again in behalf of the 
principles that he cherishes. 

In addition to his editorial and other duties, Captain lioutelle has 
been successively chosen a member of the Republican State Committee 
for Penobscot county for 1875-76-77-78-79-80-81-82, a longer con- 
secutive term than any other member except Mr. Blaine, who retired 
from the Chairmanship in 1881, and the former is now also a member 
of the Republican State iLxecuiivu Committer. 

Captain lioule-lle finds his chief antidote fur the cares and weariness 
of his arduous journalistic and political labors in the delights of home 
and the companii>nsiiip of the family circle. He has three children- 
Grace Hodsdon, born March 27, 1869; Lily, born December 20, 1875; 
and Annie Curtis, born July 17, 1877. He is also guardian of his 
brother, Mortimer H., and an adult brother, Kdward P., is his assist- 
ant in the editoiiat staff. 



COLONEL FRANCIS HILL. 

Colonel Francis Hill was born in 0.\ford, Worcester 
county, Massachusetts, on March 4, 1790, and died at 
Exeter, Maine, in January, 1881. His father, Dr. Aaron 
Hill, was born in Kempion, Massachusetts, and was the 
only son of a clergyman. While a young man in college 
he met Miss Abigail Bell, of Boston, whom he sub- 
sequently married, and by whom he had thirteen cliildren, 
twelve of whom lived to marry. 

When Francis was ten years old Dr. Hill moved with 
his family frotn Oxford to Bucksport, Maine, and died 
soon after, leaving his large family in reduced circum- 
stances. The oldest son, Aaron, assumed charge of 
the family, and Francis went to work in Bucksport 
village. His mother made his clotiics, and his wages, 
about six or eight dollars pet month, went towards the 
sup|)ort of the family. But here the poor, bare-footed 
boy jjcgan to lay the foundation of his future fortune. 
While other boys played at marbles, or spent their time 
in the stores, he took such evening jobs as he could find 
to earn a few cents to add to his — iwithly wages. Me 
said that he could buy a cam'' 'le cent, and if he 



got only ten cents for chopping wood while it 1; 
there were nine cents left to ])Ut in his jiocket. ' 
these small earnings from his evenings' work he soo 
enough money to buy a sheep, which he hired i;;;;.ie 
to keep for him. From its increase he was soon ablt 
sell enough to buy a heifer— the heifer soon became— a— 
cow, and from her offspring he obtained a pair of steers, 
so that when he became a farmer he had all the necessary 
stock to begin witli. When he was twenty-one years of 
age the family moved to Castine (Cape Rosier), and 
Francis went to work for Colonel Samuel VVasson, whose 
daughter he afterwards married. 

In the fall of 1813 he came to Ivxeter on foot by a 
spotted line from liangor, as there was not even a bridle 
path through the forest — bought a little tract of land and 
built a log cabin; he then returned to Castine to spend 
the winter. In the spring of 1814 he returned to F^ACicr 
and cleared several acres of land, pilin" by day and 
sleeping among the burning piles by night in order t< 
re-kindle the dying embers as often as became necessary 
and he was rewarded for the sunmier's toil by a plentiful 
harvest in the autumn. On January ly, 1815, he mai-- 
ried I'^lizabeth Wasson, of Castine, and brought his wife 
on horseback to their humble home in the woods ; and 
Mrs. Hill has often been heard to say that the hapiiiesi 
hours of her life were spent in the little log-cabin. Her 
only homesick day was on Thanksgiving day — the first 
she had ever spent away from her father's house — and 
she shed many tears as she stood all day spinning at her 
busy wheel. Their Thanksgiving dinner was a bowl 01 
bread and milk, for that year their crops had been almost 
an utter failure, the early frosts having killed nearly 
everything, and bitten the wheat just as it was going into 
the milk, rendering it very bitter and quite unfit for food. 
But "necessity is the mother of invention," and thi 
early settlers found that by mixing mashed jwtatoes w 
the [jounded wheat (for there were no mills to grinr' 
it would take out the bitter taste to a certain extent 
make the bread more palatable. The next year Aii 1. 
Hill visited Castine, making the jojj'fi'ey o Bucksport on 
horseback in one day with a child in her arms — a dis- 
tance of forty miles. 

During the cold seasons which followed many ol 
settlers became discouraged, sold or abandoned t' 
farms and went to Ohio, while Mr. Hill, as his mea 
creased, availed himself of the oppoitunity to buy a 
her of the farms in his neighborhood. 

Mr. and Mrs. Hill had seven ihildren, four of wl. 
are now living. The two oldest, .\bigai.' and F-^an 
were born in the log cabin. 

Abigail Bell married Nelson P \\ heeler, of Cor 
and resided in Exeter. She died in 1868. 

I'rancis Wasson married Sarah .\ni True, of Carl, 
and resides in Exeter. 

Mary Walker dieil June S, 1845, aged twenty 
years. 

Elizabeth N. married Lewis Barker, of Stetson, 
Bangor. 

Cordelia A. married Josejih 11. Wheeler, of ( 
where they now reside. 



<?/? 



gtS 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



.ge Samuel died I'Vbruary 26, 1832, aged two years, 
urge Samuel second, iiianied I'^lla K. Rayiies, of 
r, and resides in Kxeter, 

. firet frame house was built about 1S20, directly 
isile where the homestead now stands. We are sorry 
.,ay that nothing now remains of this house, although 
the grandchildren can remember playing "I Spy" among 
its ruuis and the wild lose bushes which surrounded 
them not many years ago. In 1S29 Mr. Hill bought 
ninety acres of land of .-Vmos I'letcher, of Norridgewock, 
for $650, riding to Norridgewock and back on horse- 
back in one day to seltle the business. On this farm 
he built the present large house and spacious barns, 
which were < ompleted in 1834. 

Colonel Hill was Second Lieutenant of the first mili- 
tary company ever organized in town, and finally rose to 
be Colonel. He was Chairman of the Board of Select- 
men for twelve or liftecn years, and was Deputy Sheiiff 
,r a number of years; and in his old age he hked to 
.dk of the long fast rides, he had taken on horseback 
vhile holding that office, for he always made it a rule to 
,leep in his own house at night if possible. He was one 
>f the directors of the .Merchants' National bank in Ban- 
gor, from the time of its organization until his death, at 
'vhich time the following resolutions were offered and 
unanimously adopted by the Board; 

A'es>il-Md, TlLit ill the reu'iU ,kMlh of our .issociate, Fninuis Hill, 

lisq., of Exeier, the Merchunls' b.mk l.as lobl llic counsd and adv.ci- 

of .in able man, a man wl.osu l.ir-.- me.ins and life long . n.ired l.ad 

^er. him dtou.vfd wiilJiI and anUioiity upon all financial ciUL-.'-""v 

• ir Hill was director of ili.- McrclMiits' H,inl< from the time it first 

«<„l into oper.ilion under .1 ^>lale duller to the present time under its 

orram^ation as a Nation..! H.ink, .ind during tins long lime of almost 

lial'f a century we .ire not aw.ire ih.a any .idMce or svisli of liis was ever 

Jibreg,uded bv the Board of Directors, or that any advice of his was 

-ver given tliat did not tend to the success of the insiitution. We have 

1 learning from year to year nr.ore and more to appreciate his integ- 

his judgment and Ins character, as we have more and more 

; in contact Willi his virtues. He was cautious rather than dar- 

n lousiness veniuies, anil carehil always in the performance of all 

, and engagements, but his shadow now only remains where his 

aoll- presence was wont to li..|.iie lespect and coiilidence. lo 

the communiiv in which he lived he !ms lell the ex.unple of a well spent 

i,le and to his family the consol.u.on ol love and, more than .til, the 

-^.Ih that like a st.ar shall light the way in this night of their bereave- 

1 to duty and to Heaven. 

Ived, That we deeply synip.ithize with the family of the deceased 
eir sorrow, and ask leave to tender our ,iffeetionate condolence and 
■idest regards. 

s. Hill died in 1870 at the age of eighty-one, alter 
t ind'istrious life spent in the interests of her fam- 
1 )urint, the summer before her death in the autumn, 
did all the dairy work from seven cows— making but- 
and cheese - and ret. lined all of her faculties perfecdy. 
eyesight, which for a number of years had been 
what impaired, rcftrned to her several years before 
Ue'ih so that she w.as enabled to read and write 
out the aid of glasses, 
the death of Colonel 11 ill Kxeter lost one of her 
lighly esteemed citizens and her oldest settler— he 
paid taxes in that town sixty-seven years. In re- 
■olonel Hill w.is a Calvinist Baptist, and in poh- 
never changed except as the old Whig party went 
•r which time he voted with the Democratic party, 
is first vote at the age of eighteen, in 1808, 



and for seventy consecutive years never missed a State 
election, throwing his last vote for Covernor Carcelon in 
1878. He retained his faculties wonderfully for a man 
of his age, and his love for labor was as strong at ninety 
as at nineteen. In 1880 he husked three hundred 
bushels of corn, and the last work he did was to saw half 
a cord of wood on the day before he was taken with his 
last illness. 

One of Colonel Hill's strongest peculiarities was his 
always being [irciiared for a "rainy day," and at the time 
of his death there were several cords of wood in his shed 
which were placed there twenty-five years before, for a 
"sick winter," and a band of hay in the barn which was 
cut thirty years before, .'\nothei band of the same crop 
was used during the "grasshopper year." .^mong his 
personal effects were found over $100 in Spanish coins, 
which he took in trading with the British soldiers at Cas- 
tine. He retained his mental faculties to a remarkable 
extent, and among his earliest recollections was that of 
having attended funeral services at Oxford, in 1799, in 
memory of Ceneral Washington, to whom he was second 
cousin. 

Colonel Hill left a large farm of three hundred acres- 
one of the finest in this section of the St.ate ; and where 
seventy years ago he lound a wilderness, he has left one 
hundred and fifty acres of land in a high state of cultiva- 
tion, upon which not a vestige of a tree and scarcely a rock 
remains. Well might he have been proud at this result 
of his own industry! But in addition to diis lie lias left- 
an estate of over $100,000 in cash assets, accumulated 
almost entirely as the result of practical industry and 
good judgment in farming, he never having indulged in 
speculations of any kind. Should not this be considered 
another prool that farming in Maine may be made a 
source of profit? 



SAMUEL BUTMAN.* 
Colonel Samuel Btitman was born in Worcester, Mas- 
sachusetts, April 30, 1788, and died in Plymouth, Maine, 
October 9, 1864. In April, 1804, his father, Benjamin 
Butman, a man of note, moved with his wife and seven 
children from Worcester to Dixmont, in Penobscot 

county. 

Dixmont and the region about it was almt)st an un- 
broken wilderness, and this family was among the earliest 
settlers. In this town and the adjoining town— Ply- 
mouth Colonel Butman spent his active and useful life. 
He was a man of great energy of character, good judg- 
ment, and strict integrity, genial in his manners, of com- 
manding personal appearance, and a true man in the 
strictest sense of the term. Lew men have shared more 
largely than he m the confidence and esteem of his fel- 
low-citizens. In the War of 1812 he was a captain in ac- 
tive service, and later was Colonel of a regiment of in- 
fantry, a member of the convention that framed the 
Constitution of this State in 1S20, a member of both 
branches of the State Legislature within the next few 
years. He was a Hi.. resenjaU ve in Congress fron_i _his 

~ V p. lirown. 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



919 



district four years, elected in 1827 and re-elected in 1829. 
While in Congress he was active and laborious, and did 
much to aid legislation to the benefit of this State and 
Nation. 

'I'he location and opening of the Military Road from 
Mattawamkeag to Houlton was due largely to his efforts. 
After he left Congress he was called to fill many offices 
and positions of trust and responsibility. He was a 
member of the State Senate and President of that body, 
a Presidential Elector, and was the first President of the 
Maine State Agricultural Society, besides holding many 
other official positions of importance in the State, county, 
and town, all of whiih were bestowed upon him un- 
sought, and filled by him with fidelity and marked ability. 
During his long hie he was largely identified with the 
development of the agricultural, maniifacluring, and all 
other prominent interests of the county, State, and Nation. 
Education and religion had his fostering care. He mar- 
ried, in early manhood. Miss Apphia lilaisdell, who sur- 
vived him about ten years. She was the daughter of 
Dr. lilaisdell, an early settler of Dixmont. He was a 
man of skill in his profession, and of much prominence 
and influence in the early history of Di.xmont. He was 
an original proprietor or owner of the town of Exeter, 
which was at one time called "lilaisdelltown." 

Mrs. Colonel lUitman was a woman of great nobility 
of character, with rare intelligence and culture, and 
active in missions of benevolence and kindness. She 
possessed in an eminent degree all the rich and noble 
(jtialities which so adorn the brightest Christian lif Her 
life was literally full of good works, and her r .„oiy is 
fondly cherished by a large circle of relatives and friends. 
She died at PlymoLith, August 30, 1S73, aged seventy six 
years. 

Of the brothels of Colonel JJulman, Jienjamin located 
in Worcester, the place of his birth, where he died at an 
advanced age. He was a prominent business man, and 
aided largely in the building up u! that city. Ch.irles 
died at Dixmont in earlv hie. I'Vedenck A., and Henry 
Hutman passed the greater part of their lives in Dixmont, 
to whose enterprise and business energy it was largely 
indebted for its growth, [trosperity, and high reputation 
as a town. Henry died at Jamaica Plains, Massachu- 
setts, in 1879, aged eighty-six. l-'rederic k .\. died at 
Plymouth in 1S61, aged seventy one, leaving a name tor 
business energy and integrity rarely bequeathed to pos- 
terity. 

Colonel IJulman died, leaving one son, Samuel G. 
Butnian, who resides on the old homestead in Plymouth, 
and one daughter, Mrs. Ellen A. Thayer, also residing 
in Plymouth. One other daughter, Lucrelia 1.., died 
several years before her father. She married Charles P. 
Brown, Esq., of Bangor. 



ERR.M-.\. 

I'.igcg— Last line of ch.ipter index, for •■Thorneaii," read ■•Tlior- 
enu"; second coluiiiii. eigluli line fr.ini ilu- Imitom, for ■■eiglu." read 
"seven." 

fage 24— First column, twenly-fonrlli line from Ilie l.ollom, for '■al- 
titude," read 'Mltiiude." 

I'age 26— Twenlyeiijlitl, line, transfer "steel" to the ..llicr end of 
llielinc; thirtieth line, for " Chesuneork," reail ■ ■Chesuneook.' ' 

I'age 30— First eolumn, third line from the Iwitloni. for " dwell, ■ re.id 
"dwelt." 

I'age 31— First column, twenty-eighth line from the lioiiom, for 
" Sycamores." read "Sagamores"; second eolunui, twentieth line, for 
".■\rl)is," read "Orhis." 

I'age34— Second column, fifth line from the liutiom, for "present," 
read "former." 

I'.ige 37— Second column, twentieth hue, lor "St.iehey," read 
".Straehi'V." 

I'.igo 38 -Second column, Iwenlv-second line, lor "187c" re.ld 
" .785." 

I'.lge .|o-Sevcnleenth line, for"Hason," re.id " liaroli." 

I'.ige 41- First column, thirleentli hue from tlie b.illoni, for " de- 
suuetion" leail "distinction " 

i'.lge 43 Tenth line, for "decrease," re.id "decease"; sev.-nieenth 
line, for "deceased," read "decease." 

I'.lge 44 I'irst coliiiiiii, Ihirly-tliinl hnefrom the h.,lluni, for " l7ys." 
read " 1796." 

l'.i,ge 46— Second column, twenty-hllh line from the hultom, for 
■■.Mashland," reail " .Markland. " 

I'age 51 ICievenih hue, f,,r "definitions," re.\d "designaliuns " ; 
second eoluinn, fourtli line, for "Ihis," read "tliey"; twelfth line, for 
"M.ivoshn," le.id "M.ivoshen"; thirty-ihird line, for "east," read 

"west." 

Page 52— Thirlieth line, for " AV/v-.'e, " read "A',-«;,r." 

''•IK'- S3 -.Second column, thirteenth line, from the bottom, strike out 
"and up the river." 

I'.lge 56-FirsI column, Iwenly-fuiii tli hue fiom the liottom, for 
".mil," leail "an." 

I'age s- rimly-hrst line, for "1755." re.id " lO:;v " 

''•'K'' .S'J- Second column, tliii ty-second hue from ihc iiollom 
"county," read "country." 

I'age 61 -First column, eighteenth line from the bottom, for "tract," 
read "grant"; second column, tweutv-lifth line, for " iSftj," reail 
"i""5" 

I'.lge 62 First column, tiienty-third line fn.ni the bottom, for 
" 178^. ■ re.id " i68y"; nmeteeiuli line from Ihc- boiloni. for "lO, ' 
le.id "O"; second column, thirlieth line from the bolloin, for "a," 
ie.Hl"at '; thirty-third hnefrom the boiiom, "io,"re.id " ij." 

I'age 03 -Second column, eleventh line from the bcilnau, lor "Kil- 
lery," read " Kittery." 

I'.lge 66 -Second coliimii, iliirle. nlli line from the bottom. I.jr 
" 1H50, ' re.ld " lOso." 

I'.lge 07 -Second column, louith hue, for •■F.iliiiioulh," read "I'.il- 
moulh." 

I'.lge 60- ■I'wenty-.seveiith line, for "1792," read ■•101,2." 

I'.lge 72 -.Second column, second line from the bottom, for 
■■ 1762," read " 1702." 

i'age 75 leiiih line, for ■•r.ilio, " re.id ■■l,i\" or ■•r.ite.^^ 

I'.lge 76 I'lfth hue, for ■.iiid." re,id •■as. ' 

i'.lge 84 Second column, twentieth line fioiii tlu- boltoni, for 
■■ i,oo,'^ read ' ' 1,000. '• 

I'.lge 88 -.Second colniuii, thud hue f 1 the boltom. for ■• hi^,^' re.id 

•• their," 

I'age 89— Second eolumu, thirty-second liii.- In.m the b,,ii,,m, |,,r 
••affected," read •' effected ,• 

I'age 98 -First colmnii, for •• i l.irinon. " read •• llerinon.'^ 

I'age 99— First column, thirteenth line from bottom, for " ligtes," 
read " Ksles" ; twelfth line, for "Chappin," re,id •• t li.iplin • ; fifth 
line, for •'Walclier, ■■ re.id ■•Thatcher. '• 

I'age 100— Second column, thirleenlh line from llie bottom, for 
"Fori,'^ read '■ I*ort." 

I'age 101 -I''irsl column, twenty ninth line, for •■r'lye,^^ read 
"Frye." 

I'age 102 l-'irst column, fifth line from the botioin. for 'l-ebbens." 
read " I.ebbeus^' ; second column, tenth line, for '•Portland," read 
'•(Jarland.^ 

I'.lge 164- Judge Godfrey's .'\niialb of Bangor shows that an agricul- 



9ZO 



HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 



.ural society was organised in .h,s county before .B38. Our statement 
,t tc was derwed fron. an apparently au.i.ent.c account .n one o 
.Reports of t„e State ..oard of AgricuUure^ ^''^.', .t^J'L f 
,i„efro,uthc bottom, for ■'Nourst," read "Nourse , last nne. 
■■Cloeston." read ■■C.Weston." ..1,^1,1 ■■• 

V,ce .65-Second colun.n, tl.ird Ime, for '■help, read held 
„LnL from tl,el,ot.on,, fur ■• become extmct,' read ■■temporanly 
suspended '■ ; second line, .ifter - it." re..d ■' for sou.e years 

T^:;7:-se::::^-'-- --^'^-^^'" •■- '-• -"^ "^'" '-- 

"were " re.id "was. , ,, , ,,,, ■• 

pig; .75-Second column, s.xth Irnc from the bottom, for acf«Uy, 

"liieS-Second column, thud Ime, for ■■Clate" read ■■State.'' 

Pace i8i-Foot-note. for ■■ i88o^' read '■ 1881. 

vL ,84-Second column, th.rteenth line, strike out ■' late. 

vX ,85-Firs. colun,n. twenty-second Ime from bottom, for, Led 
re d ■ Edcs-" foot-note, read ■■Joseph Griftu,;'' after ■'to date rod 
";„ tlttAppendi.." It should be .u.lerstood, while readme certau, 
p ,Lts of' 'his chapter, d,.tt ,t was pubhshed n, .875. -d the m„o, 
portion of It «as written sevcr.il yors U-fore. 
' p,,,e,80--Seeond column, tlnrliethhne, for •■t.unalKl le.M Cam 

•'";t^e,87-l-nst colmnu, sc.cn.ecn.h hnc fron, hoUou,, lor ■' H..n- 
telle" read ■■lioutcllc." ,. 

ond ^olmnn, hncs eigitteen and nu.etcen. h.r ■•, .. -' ,!,«;«_;^, 
.hirtv-llnrd line, for ■■.i' re.ul ■■..," th.rty-four.h Ime, for 1 
••I" Ust line, for •■Howard ■■ read •■Wells. 

I Je ..8-lMghth line, for ••.83." ^™1 ■'■S-' ^■=^"';' ^"'^""'' 
r.u;:c:n;Mine, before ■■ t«,V read ■■For," hfth hne f,on, bottou,, fo, 

■■C'-'^sinU: f.^." before •■Add.ton,'' and read ■■,/" ,.fore 

.. .Xr and ■■l.urcUev." Str.ke ^u^ r' ^^'^^^^ ^^r^^::::" 
V P. •■ and ••I'.auK,.," ..furwards; and rea.l ••,• lefor. ,U . 
..„eU"'^Hr,Kgs,"and'^ll.dl." Kead ••,/•■ for ■■.. before 1.1 
^.■.■■bXre..l.,e,d,"^^..eUreton,".,m,;l.uU.,nS-^ 

1 ..,■■ f,„ ■■,/" belorr ■■Dullun, lieorge P., .u.d Hamcs. 
^:l.:n ,h,l,Te..f.Wnson,John,Jr." 1 „, ■• Ihmley, I;r,tnc,s 
K " e^d'^^^rmley, Fr,>nc,s, Jr.'' For ■• Homne" re.td •; Kourn. ^o^ 
..;-,ark, Wlutney," read ■'CarU, Whuing Before ^-^^ ^ ' 
..Ciodfrey, Jan.es. Hangor." After ■■Uamhn. Hanmbal, Jo^ Ha - 
den ■■ read ■■Uangor." For ■■Fuller, hreder.ck K., red duller, 

'"pSt"' second .01 1 .- fron, bottom, for ■■.' 

't,ge^o4''F,r.tc„l , ..en,, -,.,mU, hue f b..U ,read'.l ■ 

";!;:':i:"':tt.,lum„.ele..ut, n.eiai,hnesfrombo„om,for 

■■a son ■■ read ■•three sons." ,, i,,r ■■ 1 " re ui '■ I" 

P„re 207-Seeoud column, l.f.h hne fron, bo„o,„,tor I r.., 1 J 
p'lg/Js-F.rsteohuun, hUeeud, hne ,rom ,,ot.>,n,, for '■ v,cto„cs 

^^t::S^S:c..d hne, for .. Wcllsboro" read ■• W.ddoboro, " second 
colunm seventh line, after ■■Jane' re,id ■ S. r ,. ,. l.,r,l,^ 

p" e 2.0-Firs. column, twenty-second hne fron, bottom, fo, 1 .hi, 
.. :^";::rtl,.'^ S,nnlarly in three places on p.tge ..., hrst^olmm. 

ite 2,. -Second cohuun, end of ,h,rteentl, hne, read d-d fuol. 

p'.T.e -, a -Second line, for " F.lth " re.id ■■ Fourth. 

1;;°: :\l \n.. coh,,,,,., s,.d, hne f,om botu st„ke oat the second 

" p;ce .2o-Thirty-fo„,th hne, fo, ■• I'.rooklyn' re,,d ■■ Paookline." 
P:gra"-F,rstco.n,nn, before twcnfCh hnc ho,„ bottom, ,ead 

•■ l),cd November ty, 18S1." r,. .. H'reid '■A' 

p..ge 222-Second cok„„n, twenty-hrst ln,e, to H '•''■'•. 

e,gi; e„th hne fro,n botton., for ■■," rrad '■ ,", and str.ke out « o. . 
PagcL4 Fustcolun.n, twenty-third line fron, botton,, lor M,. 

't,ge'^8"F,,.tcolu tlurteen,.,, f,om boUom, afte, " ways'| 

.,!,1'-:^:: one , .eprcsented the c„y ,n the Ug.s.ature, second 

column, tenth l.H.hom bottom, h.r ■■S. tc'l '■ , „ p o 

PaBC.2,-Fonrtee,„h hne, for •■Rev. U. U, 1 haCchcr red U b. 

Thatcher." 

Pa,re2^i-Fourth line, for ■•to' read al. 

Page .3.-Second column, fourteenth hne from bottom, for .h,s 



Page 234-F,rst column, tenth hne from botto.n, befote ■■ H,sloncal" 

insert ■■Bangor.^' j ,. u •• 

Paee 2:16— Twentv-seve;id, line, for ■■«. read M. 

Page a37-'Iwenty-s,x.h line, for • ■Sophie" read •'Soph.a;' twenty- 
ninth hne for ■•Harney" read ■•Harvey," .h,r,y-s,xth hne, stnke out 

"R.ge 238-^ -Seventh hne, for ■•Ne.alley. True." re.td •• Ncalley-True;" 
second column, twelfth and nineteenth lines fron. bottom, for Mrs. 

re.irt •' Miss." „ 

Pa-e 239-First colnn.n, forty-second hne, for ■ on read or. 
Pa°e 240-Second colun.n, tenth hne, strike out ■" Kev. 
Page24.-Secondcohim.,. eleventh line from bottom, for " Hord 

read " Pond." . ., . . 

Page 242-Second cohmin, tweniietli hne from bottom, for Mme 

'''h, M^'r' Ktlmer"s Histo.y of Connth, description of .\bner T,bbe,ls"s 
land, strike out ■■westerly;'" and subsequently, for "slope on the e.ast 
of the Kenduskeag, read "'sidc^^ , ,. 

Page 46.-Twenty-first hne, add ■■were burned for the thud t,n,e ,n 

1 ,88., and rebuilt the same year;" second column, under ■■ ,837, .e- 

move the Kufus Dwinel item 10 1827. , „ , 

In Mr Fernald's History of Winn, a sl.demen, is m.ide „, the ellcU 

U,„ 1„ Reynolds was reformed by the ■■Red Ribbon movement, 

„,',„,. ,. no. Ii.er,dly correct, as he w,,s 1 elf d,e ongm.Uor and long 

.l,r chief proinu.er of th.i. phase of the temiicrance reform. 

P.,es.7-lnT.d.lc of Contents for ••Russell" read " 1'-^^'' • '" 

, r „h for ■■ ,7oa" read ■• 1764," second column, third hne, 

second paragraph lor 1794 rc,iu ■/"^. 

for "feed" read •■food." ,,,,,,. ,„ •■ 

1 f r -'III,!,!,,,,!, re. id ■■Hichborn, 
P.tge 518-Fourll. par.agraph, h.r llicktjorn 

and similarly in sever.d places th. ic.if.er. ^ 

Page s.g-Second paragraph fron, bottom, for "tr.utsnntted r...d 

■■ transmuted. '■ , ,, ■■ „..,,i •■/,> 

Paye 520 -i'hiidp.iragi.iph from top. lor ■■Jo lease read /.o 

'''i^e 52, -Scconil cohmin, second p.,rag,,iph h„ni ,..,-, List word, tor 
"inascs" road "musi'-..' ., , 

P„„e 525-F,rst cohinm, 1.... hne, for ■" P.uek" read "■P.tck, second 
clllinn s.Mh hne, for ■■was besl" red ■■were l.^-,. 

plge'53. Lower paragiaph. thud Ime bom bottom, hrs, column, 
for ••pitchers" read ■■preacher." 

Page 532- -Nobles letter, hftli hue from boUom, for "concise red 

""^^^S Second chimn. lower paragr.,ph, for ■•demonstrated" 
n-ad " rcmonsiraU'd.' . ,; ,^ 
tge S39 -I'Vs. colun,n, second hne below paragraph ,,uo,..,ion 
••o b,'vten^^was"a„d "often;" hrst column, second paragraph 
frlbot.om,, I.uie.lof", ItiV'.ead '.peUry, first co, 

'i,::::;:'';;:;c::,r":::;',::::;:;^^^ •''- ■'- 

••Wilh.iml." red ••William 11. ..,„„•„,- 

P..,. 544 First column, hrs. p.ii..,r.,ph, louilh hue, .il.er h.p 

''".igHls '•■- -"-"■ -^ ' '■■"•'""''"' """' '""■• '" """"'"'■" 

'"'J^f-Firstciu , nurd p.ir.,gr.,ph, second hue for ■■A,.s.,u'' 

,e.ul ■•M-^. ■ second column, thud paiagiaph, lirsi hne, for em- 

'"ir:::;';;B''F;^r:lmu,th,rdp.ir.,g,aphf bo.tom,e,ghtl,hne, 

''';.:T^:r:r:, ., paragraph, .imdl .for-certanuy 

"^C^^r'second c„h. , third p.ir.igraph, d.ud hue, for ••were" 

"^v';P" Klistcohunn, third pa,.igrapli from lop. IHth line from 
, ,,, ■■ r,.„l ■•horses " second i ,.lnu,n. paiagi.ipli "I 

>„,ii<im for •■houses reu noises, 3 

, , ■■Chich" read •■Chick," second column, 

"''"':; ;;:",;::;::■ ^: e, , :;! J •• naick" .ed ■■ ba,ch;" second 

::r ;,";;:; :^r names, hist col for""l.i,ien"read ■■..,- 

"",'. ., . ,n,l c6) For ■• llorrim.in"" read "• Harriman." 

:r t^'"' , second paragraph, fourth .me, fo, 

..P.nac" re.ul •■Uariie,"" second column, second paragraph, e.gh.h 

r,,r "tj" read "•three doubloons."" 

';.■!: ,00 Second colnmn, second paragraph, fourth hne, hrstword, 

ni':70-lnd::^::i:a hne, .or ••H.,11" read ••Hell,"" ,nde.,hf.h 

hnc, for •■ Hanan"' red ••Hammond. 



read •'his.' 



H65 89 141 





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